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overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">England</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">14,906 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>England</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/England">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/England/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/England/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/England/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/England">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_8091139" data-work_id="8091139" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8091139/Leaping_the_chasm_between_nursing_theory_and_practice">Leaping the chasm between nursing theory and practice</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The author considers that whilst nurse tutors teach theory, nurse practitioners go on nursing in the same way that they always have done. There appears to be a chasm dividing theory and practice. This paper describes an attempt to leap... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_8091139" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The author considers that whilst nurse tutors teach theory, nurse practitioners go on nursing in the same way that they always have done. There appears to be a chasm dividing theory and practice. This paper describes an attempt to leap that chasm. The paper identifies the problem, inherent in the nursing process that creates such difficulties in its implementation. The nursing process alone does not provide an adequate framework for nursing practice. The paper then describes how the translation of theory into practice took place on a ward in Brighton General Hospital, Brighton, England. The barrier between theory and practice is highlighted, along with a description of how the problems this presents to ward staff were overcome. The author considers that the attribution of cause is a key concept in the problem-solving approach, since it generates the question — Why?— and therefore that attribution of cause must be a concept in any model of nursing that is being used to implement the nursing process. The paper provides an example of how nursing models may be adapted, at ward level, to guide everyday practice, whilst retaining the conceptual framework ofthe model. The inference of the paper is that such a process could be applied to other models resulting in a greater use of theory in everyday nursing practice.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/8091139" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6ebb312940eb5715afaff6d9bcd31f7e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48217034,"asset_id":8091139,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48217034/download_file?st=MTc0MDY0NzYxMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="15658023" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TomLewis8">Tom Lewis</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="15658023" type="text/json">{"id":15658023,"first_name":"Tom","last_name":"Lewis","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"TomLewis8","display_name":"Tom Lewis","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/TomLewis8?f_ri=30494","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/15658023/10590891/11821264/s65_tom.lewis.jpg_oh_c9286a3aeccd69b82c08febea1f63bf6_oe_56cf039d"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_8091139 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="8091139"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8091139, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_8091139", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8091139]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_8091139").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_8091139").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="8091139"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="588" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nursing">Nursing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="588" type="text/json">{"id":588,"name":"Nursing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nursing?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="30494" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/England">England</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="30494" type="text/json">{"id":30494,"name":"England","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/England?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="31527" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nursing_Process">Nursing Process</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="31527" type="text/json">{"id":31527,"name":"Nursing Process","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nursing_Process?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="49419" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Problem_Solving">Problem Solving</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="49419" type="text/json">{"id":49419,"name":"Problem Solving","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Problem_Solving?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=8091139]'), work: {"id":8091139,"title":"Leaping the chasm between nursing theory and practice","created_at":"2014-08-26T04:37:41.020-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/8091139/Leaping_the_chasm_between_nursing_theory_and_practice?f_ri=30494","dom_id":"work_8091139","summary":"The author considers that whilst nurse tutors teach theory, nurse practitioners go on nursing in the same way that they always have done. There appears to be a chasm dividing theory and practice. This paper describes an attempt to leap that chasm. The paper identifies the problem, inherent in the nursing process that creates such difficulties in its implementation. The nursing process alone does not provide an adequate framework for nursing practice. The paper then describes how the translation of theory into practice took place on a ward in Brighton General Hospital, Brighton, England. The barrier between theory and practice is highlighted, along with a description of how the problems this presents to ward staff were overcome. The author considers that the attribution of cause is a key concept in the problem-solving approach, since it generates the question — Why?— and therefore that attribution of cause must be a concept in any model of nursing that is being used to implement the nursing process. The paper provides an example of how nursing models may be adapted, at ward level, to guide everyday practice, whilst retaining the conceptual framework ofthe model. The inference of the paper is that such a process could be applied to other models resulting in a greater use of theory in everyday nursing practice.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48217034,"asset_id":8091139,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":15658023,"first_name":"Tom","last_name":"Lewis","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"TomLewis8","display_name":"Tom Lewis","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/TomLewis8?f_ri=30494","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/15658023/10590891/11821264/s65_tom.lewis.jpg_oh_c9286a3aeccd69b82c08febea1f63bf6_oe_56cf039d"}],"research_interests":[{"id":588,"name":"Nursing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nursing?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":30494,"name":"England","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/England?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":31527,"name":"Nursing Process","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nursing_Process?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":49419,"name":"Problem Solving","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Problem_Solving?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":65970,"name":"Advanced Nursing Practice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Advanced_Nursing_Practice?f_ri=30494"},{"id":125418,"name":"Perioperative Nursing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Perioperative_Nursing?f_ri=30494"},{"id":208947,"name":"Theory and Practice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theory_and_Practice?f_ri=30494"},{"id":343667,"name":"Theoretical Models","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theoretical_Models?f_ri=30494"},{"id":373465,"name":"Nursing Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nursing_Theory?f_ri=30494"},{"id":784431,"name":"Nursing Assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nursing_Assessment?f_ri=30494"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1423420 coauthored" data-work_id="1423420" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1423420/Which_urgent_care_services_do_febrile_children_use_and_why">Which urgent care services do febrile children use and why?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Objectives To explore how parents navigate urgent and emergency care (U&EC) services when their child <5 years old has a feverish illness, their views of that experience and whether services are meeting their needs and triaging in line... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1423420" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Objectives To explore how parents navigate urgent and emergency care (U&EC) services when their child <5 years old has a feverish illness, their views of that experience and whether services are meeting their needs and triaging in line with national guidance. Design Parents of a febrile child <5 years old contacting any U&EC service in three localities during a 6-month period were invited to participate in a telephone questionnaire supplemented by case note review. A subset participated in an in-depth interview. Results Of 556 parents expressing an interest, 220 enrolled, making 570 contacts (median 3, range 1-13) with services during the child's illness which lasted 3 days on average. Parents' fi rst preference for advice in hours was to see a general practitioner (GP) (67%; 93/138) and when unavailable, National Health Service Direct (46%; 38/82). 155 made more than one contact and 63% of the repeat contacts were initiated by a service provider. A range of factors infl uenced parents' use of services. Parents who reported receiving 'safety netting' advice (81%) were less likely to re-present to U&EC services than those who did not recall receiving such advice (35% vs 52%, p=0.01). Parents identifi ed a need for accurate, consistent, written advice regarding fever and antipyretics. Conclusion Parents know the U&EC service options available, and their fi rst choice is the GP. Multiple contacts are being made for relatively well children, often due to repeated referrals within the system. Safety netting advice reduces re-attendances but parents want explicit and consistent advice for appropriate home management.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1423420" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1aeb3b17e4d0418136ea17bfafc00397" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50976313,"asset_id":1423420,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50976313/download_file?st=MTc0MDY0NzYxMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="665981" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SirkkaKomulainen">Sirkka Komulainen</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="665981" type="text/json">{"id":665981,"first_name":"Sirkka","last_name":"Komulainen","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SirkkaKomulainen","display_name":"Sirkka Komulainen","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SirkkaKomulainen?f_ri=30494","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/665981/233026/20215277/s65_sirkka.komulainen.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-1423420">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-1423420"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://imperial.academia.edu/IanMaconochie">Ian Maconochie</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-1423420'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-1423420').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1423420 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1423420"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1423420, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1423420", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_1423420 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1423420; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_1423420"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_1423420 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1423420"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1423420; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1423420]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1423420").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1423420").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1423420"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">19</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="25469" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Family_Practice">Family Practice</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="25469" type="text/json">{"id":25469,"name":"Family Practice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Family_Practice?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="30494" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/England">England</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="30494" type="text/json">{"id":30494,"name":"England","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/England?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="51831" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Services">Information Services</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="51831" type="text/json">{"id":51831,"name":"Information Services","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Services?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="134346" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant">Infant</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="134346" type="text/json">{"id":134346,"name":"Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1423420]'), work: {"id":1423420,"title":"Which urgent care services do febrile children use and why?","created_at":"2012-02-21T20:35:51.949-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1423420/Which_urgent_care_services_do_febrile_children_use_and_why?f_ri=30494","dom_id":"work_1423420","summary":"Objectives To explore how parents navigate urgent and emergency care (U\u0026EC) services when their child \u003c5 years old has a feverish illness, their views of that experience and whether services are meeting their needs and triaging in line with national guidance. Design Parents of a febrile child \u003c5 years old contacting any U\u0026EC service in three localities during a 6-month period were invited to participate in a telephone questionnaire supplemented by case note review. A subset participated in an in-depth interview. Results Of 556 parents expressing an interest, 220 enrolled, making 570 contacts (median 3, range 1-13) with services during the child's illness which lasted 3 days on average. Parents' fi rst preference for advice in hours was to see a general practitioner (GP) (67%; 93/138) and when unavailable, National Health Service Direct (46%; 38/82). 155 made more than one contact and 63% of the repeat contacts were initiated by a service provider. A range of factors infl uenced parents' use of services. Parents who reported receiving 'safety netting' advice (81%) were less likely to re-present to U\u0026EC services than those who did not recall receiving such advice (35% vs 52%, p=0.01). Parents identifi ed a need for accurate, consistent, written advice regarding fever and antipyretics. Conclusion Parents know the U\u0026EC service options available, and their fi rst choice is the GP. Multiple contacts are being made for relatively well children, often due to repeated referrals within the system. Safety netting advice reduces re-attendances but parents want explicit and consistent advice for appropriate home management.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50976313,"asset_id":1423420,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":665981,"first_name":"Sirkka","last_name":"Komulainen","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SirkkaKomulainen","display_name":"Sirkka Komulainen","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SirkkaKomulainen?f_ri=30494","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/665981/233026/20215277/s65_sirkka.komulainen.jpg"},{"id":32408070,"first_name":"Ian","last_name":"Maconochie","domain_name":"imperial","page_name":"IanMaconochie","display_name":"Ian Maconochie","profile_url":"https://imperial.academia.edu/IanMaconochie?f_ri=30494","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":25469,"name":"Family Practice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Family_Practice?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":30494,"name":"England","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/England?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":51831,"name":"Information Services","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Services?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":134346,"name":"Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":180897,"name":"National Health Service","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/National_Health_Service?f_ri=30494"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=30494"},{"id":253560,"name":"Newborn Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Newborn_Infant?f_ri=30494"},{"id":303598,"name":"Parents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Parents?f_ri=30494"},{"id":382710,"name":"System Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/System_Safety?f_ri=30494"},{"id":387144,"name":"Fever","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fever?f_ri=30494"},{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1?f_ri=30494"},{"id":466522,"name":"General practitioner","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/General_practitioner?f_ri=30494"},{"id":727158,"name":"Hotlines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hotlines?f_ri=30494"},{"id":908186,"name":"Service Provider","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Service_Provider?f_ri=30494"},{"id":945595,"name":"Pilot Projects","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pilot_Projects?f_ri=30494"},{"id":1453350,"name":"Ambulatory Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ambulatory_Care?f_ri=30494"},{"id":1529835,"name":"Choice Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Choice_Behavior?f_ri=30494"},{"id":2489700,"name":"Child preschool","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_preschool?f_ri=30494"},{"id":2529977,"name":"attitude to health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/attitude_to_health?f_ri=30494"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_33893837" data-work_id="33893837" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33893837/Mount_Tombe_A_Comparative_Analysis_Between_Mont_Saint_Michel_Normandy_FR_and_Mount_Saint_Michael_Cornwall_UK">Mount Tombe - A Comparative Analysis Between Mont Saint Michel Normandy FR & Mount Saint Michael Cornwall UK</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The Mont Saint-Michel is a small, rocky tidal island in France located in a large bay at the mouth of the Couesnon. The granite massif of Mont Saint-Michel is crowned with a medieval abbey. It's a table moutain; a remaining of a... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_33893837" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The Mont Saint-Michel is a small, rocky tidal island in France located in a large bay at the mouth of the Couesnon. <br />The granite massif of Mont Saint-Michel is crowned with a medieval abbey. It's a table moutain; a remaining of a prehistoric petrified treetop. <br />Since 1898, the spire of the abbey church has a statue of Saint Michael that protrudes a hundred and seventy meters above the bay. The island is located about 1 kilometer from the coast near the town of Avranches in Normandy . It was originally a tidal island : it was accessible by land at low tidebut at high tide it was surrounded by water. Today a narrow bridge, with shuttle service, runs to the island. Mont Saint-Michel, with its pedestrian streets, is only accessible to pedestrians.<br /><br />The first text about an abbey is the 9th-century Latin text Revelatio ecclesiae sancti Michaelis in monte Tumba written by a chanoine living at Mont Saint Michel or at the Cathédrale Saint-André d'Avranches. This text was written at a time of power struggle between Brittany and the County of Normandy against Francia as well as during canon law reforms by Roman emperors.<br /><br />When Christianity expanded to the area, around the 4th century, Mont Tombe, the original name of Mont Saint Michel, was part of the Diocese of Avranches. By the middle of the 6th century, Christianity had a stronger presence in the bay. By this time, Mont Tombe was populated by religious devotees, hermits (probably some Celtic monks) supplied by the curé of Astériac, (Asterix) who took care of the site and led a contemplative life around some oratories. The hermits Saint Pair and Saint Seubilion dedicated one of the oratories to Saint Étienne, midway through the mont and one to Saint Symphorien, at the foot of the rock.<br /><br />Saint Aubert<br />In 710, Mont Tombe was renamed Mont Saint Michel au péril de la Mer ("Mount Saint Michael at the peril of the sea) after erecting an oratory to Saint Michael by bishop Saint Aubert of Avranches in 708. According to the legend, Aubert received, during his sleep, three times the order from Saint Michael to erect an oratory on the Mont Tombe. The archangel was reputed to have left his finger mark on Aubert's skull. This skull is displayed at the Saint-Gervais d'Avranches basilica with such a scar on it.<br /><br />This sanctuary should be, according to the archangel, a replica of the Gargano in Italy (from the 5th century). Aubert had a local religious artifact removed and instead a circular sanctuary built, made of dry stones. Around 708, Aubert sent two monks to get some artifacts from the Italian sanctuary Gargano (a rock with his foot print and a piece of tissue from the altar). During this mission, the March 709 tsunami is supposed to have destroyed the Scissy forest and turned the Mont into an island. On October 16 709, the bishop dedicated the church and put twelve chanoine there. The Mont-Saint-Michel was born.<br /><br />The remains of the oratory were found in the chapel Notre-Dame-Sous-Terre. This sanctuary contained the tomb of Aubert and most likely the artifacts brought from Gargano. The chapel Notre-Dame-Sous-Terre is today under the nave of the abbey-church.<br /><br />The first buildings became too small and under the Western Roman Empire multiple buildings were added. Charlemagne chose saint Michel as a protector of his empire during the 9th century and tried to have the place renamed Mont-Saint-Michel, but during the Middle Ages it was usually called Saint-Michel-aux-Deux-Tombes (Saint Michel with two tombs) (Mons Sancti Michaelis in periculo maris, in reference to Tombelaine).<br /><br />History of the abbey<br />Church of Saint Michel during 9th and 10th centuries<br />The Mont-Saint-Michel monks, during the first century of their institution, venerated the archangel Michael. The Mont became a place of prayer and study, but the stability period, known as the Neustria, during the reign of Charlemagne ended when he died. As the rest of Gaule was fighting invasions, religion and science found some welcoming in the diocese of Avranches and at the Mont-Saint-Michel.<br /><br />At first, pilgrims kept coming to the Mont. After the Vikings captured the Mont in 847, the monks departed. But, as an island, it offered some protection for the local population and thus never stayed empty.<br /><br />After the signature of the treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte, Rollo (Gange-Hrólfr "Rollo" Ragnvaldsson de Normandie) started repairing the damages inflicted to the religious buildings. He generously financed the Mont and called back the monks displaced by the war, returning the Mont to its previous condition.<br /><br />The wealth and support that the Mont suddenly obtained from Rollo started to fundamentally affect its inhabitants, taking them away from their solitary, religious life. After William I of Normandy took over his father's title as Duke of Normandy in 927, he expanded his support toward monasteries until his assassination in 932; but his wealth, from which they benefited, further exacerbated their mundane life style. Because of their generous contributions to the Mont, the Dukes of Brittany Conan 1st, who died in 992, and Geoffrey 1st, who died in 1008, were buried in the Mont as benefactors.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33893837" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8abdd0d8ac4680fba266341945548c15" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":62830419,"asset_id":33893837,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/62830419/download_file?st=MTc0MDY0NzYxMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="16005828" href="https://ulg.academia.edu/DavidVanderper">David Vanderper</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="16005828" type="text/json">{"id":16005828,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Vanderper","domain_name":"ulg","page_name":"DavidVanderper","display_name":"David Vanderper","profile_url":"https://ulg.academia.edu/DavidVanderper?f_ri=30494","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/16005828/4341433/19170987/s65_david.vanderper.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_33893837 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="33893837"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33893837, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_33893837", }); 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It's a table moutain; a remaining of a prehistoric petrified treetop. \nSince 1898, the spire of the abbey church has a statue of Saint Michael that protrudes a hundred and seventy meters above the bay. The island is located about 1 kilometer from the coast near the town of Avranches in Normandy . It was originally a tidal island : it was accessible by land at low tidebut at high tide it was surrounded by water. Today a narrow bridge, with shuttle service, runs to the island. Mont Saint-Michel, with its pedestrian streets, is only accessible to pedestrians.\n\nThe first text about an abbey is the 9th-century Latin text Revelatio ecclesiae sancti Michaelis in monte Tumba written by a chanoine living at Mont Saint Michel or at the Cathédrale Saint-André d'Avranches. This text was written at a time of power struggle between Brittany and the County of Normandy against Francia as well as during canon law reforms by Roman emperors.\n\nWhen Christianity expanded to the area, around the 4th century, Mont Tombe, the original name of Mont Saint Michel, was part of the Diocese of Avranches. By the middle of the 6th century, Christianity had a stronger presence in the bay. By this time, Mont Tombe was populated by religious devotees, hermits (probably some Celtic monks) supplied by the curé of Astériac, (Asterix) who took care of the site and led a contemplative life around some oratories. The hermits Saint Pair and Saint Seubilion dedicated one of the oratories to Saint Étienne, midway through the mont and one to Saint Symphorien, at the foot of the rock.\n\nSaint Aubert\nIn 710, Mont Tombe was renamed Mont Saint Michel au péril de la Mer (\"Mount Saint Michael at the peril of the sea) after erecting an oratory to Saint Michael by bishop Saint Aubert of Avranches in 708. According to the legend, Aubert received, during his sleep, three times the order from Saint Michael to erect an oratory on the Mont Tombe. The archangel was reputed to have left his finger mark on Aubert's skull. This skull is displayed at the Saint-Gervais d'Avranches basilica with such a scar on it.\n\nThis sanctuary should be, according to the archangel, a replica of the Gargano in Italy (from the 5th century). Aubert had a local religious artifact removed and instead a circular sanctuary built, made of dry stones. Around 708, Aubert sent two monks to get some artifacts from the Italian sanctuary Gargano (a rock with his foot print and a piece of tissue from the altar). During this mission, the March 709 tsunami is supposed to have destroyed the Scissy forest and turned the Mont into an island. On October 16 709, the bishop dedicated the church and put twelve chanoine there. The Mont-Saint-Michel was born.\n\nThe remains of the oratory were found in the chapel Notre-Dame-Sous-Terre. This sanctuary contained the tomb of Aubert and most likely the artifacts brought from Gargano. The chapel Notre-Dame-Sous-Terre is today under the nave of the abbey-church.\n\nThe first buildings became too small and under the Western Roman Empire multiple buildings were added. Charlemagne chose saint Michel as a protector of his empire during the 9th century and tried to have the place renamed Mont-Saint-Michel, but during the Middle Ages it was usually called Saint-Michel-aux-Deux-Tombes (Saint Michel with two tombs) (Mons Sancti Michaelis in periculo maris, in reference to Tombelaine).\n\nHistory of the abbey\nChurch of Saint Michel during 9th and 10th centuries\nThe Mont-Saint-Michel monks, during the first century of their institution, venerated the archangel Michael. The Mont became a place of prayer and study, but the stability period, known as the Neustria, during the reign of Charlemagne ended when he died. As the rest of Gaule was fighting invasions, religion and science found some welcoming in the diocese of Avranches and at the Mont-Saint-Michel.\n\nAt first, pilgrims kept coming to the Mont. After the Vikings captured the Mont in 847, the monks departed. But, as an island, it offered some protection for the local population and thus never stayed empty.\n\nAfter the signature of the treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte, Rollo (Gange-Hrólfr \"Rollo\" Ragnvaldsson de Normandie) started repairing the damages inflicted to the religious buildings. He generously financed the Mont and called back the monks displaced by the war, returning the Mont to its previous condition.\n\nThe wealth and support that the Mont suddenly obtained from Rollo started to fundamentally affect its inhabitants, taking them away from their solitary, religious life. After William I of Normandy took over his father's title as Duke of Normandy in 927, he expanded his support toward monasteries until his assassination in 932; but his wealth, from which they benefited, further exacerbated their mundane life style. Because of their generous contributions to the Mont, the Dukes of Brittany Conan 1st, who died in 992, and Geoffrey 1st, who died in 1008, were buried in the Mont as benefactors.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":62830419,"asset_id":33893837,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":16005828,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Vanderper","domain_name":"ulg","page_name":"DavidVanderper","display_name":"David Vanderper","profile_url":"https://ulg.academia.edu/DavidVanderper?f_ri=30494","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/16005828/4341433/19170987/s65_david.vanderper.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":130,"name":"Ancient History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":1758,"name":"Dante Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dante_Studies?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":14170,"name":"Medieval England","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_England?f_ri=30494"},{"id":27336,"name":"France","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/France?f_ri=30494"},{"id":30494,"name":"England","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/England?f_ri=30494"},{"id":38135,"name":"Sacred mountains","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sacred_mountains?f_ri=30494"},{"id":54723,"name":"Fortifications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fortifications?f_ri=30494"},{"id":59314,"name":"Castles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Castles?f_ri=30494"},{"id":79656,"name":"Anglo-Norman history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anglo-Norman_history?f_ri=30494"},{"id":115983,"name":"Medieval Architecture, Castles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Architecture_Castles?f_ri=30494"},{"id":149507,"name":"Cornwall","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cornwall?f_ri=30494"},{"id":187423,"name":"Medieval castles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_castles?f_ri=30494"},{"id":237481,"name":"Castles and Fortifications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Castles_and_Fortifications?f_ri=30494"},{"id":287767,"name":"Medieval England \u0026 Ireland \u0026 Normandy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_England_and_Ireland_and_Normandy?f_ri=30494"},{"id":343352,"name":"Medieval Castles and Fortresses","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Castles_and_Fortresses?f_ri=30494"},{"id":496603,"name":"Normandy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Normandy?f_ri=30494"},{"id":543443,"name":"Normans in Normandy, England, Southern Italy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Normans_in_Normandy_England_Southern_Italy?f_ri=30494"},{"id":2593769,"name":"Geology of Devon and Cornwall","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geology_of_Devon_and_Cornwall?f_ri=30494"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_16514275" data-work_id="16514275" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/16514275/Expectations_Experiences_and_Psychological_Outcomes_of_Childbirth_A_Prospective_Study_of_825_Women">Expectations, Experiences, and Psychological Outcomes of Childbirth: A Prospective Study of 825 Women</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">were not found to be bad for women, although low expectations often were. Information and feeling in control were consistently associated with positive psychological outcomes. (BIRTH 17:1, March 1990)</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/16514275" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d95892a48e52a4961f7d2ed063454729" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42452267,"asset_id":16514275,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42452267/download_file?st=MTc0MDY0NzYxMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="35755702" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JosephineGreen">Josephine Green</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="35755702" type="text/json">{"id":35755702,"first_name":"Josephine","last_name":"Green","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JosephineGreen","display_name":"Josephine Green","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JosephineGreen?f_ri=30494","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_16514275 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="16514275"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 16514275, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_16514275", }); 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Information and feeling in control were consistently associated with positive psychological outcomes. (BIRTH 17:1, March 1990)","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42452267,"asset_id":16514275,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":35755702,"first_name":"Josephine","last_name":"Green","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JosephineGreen","display_name":"Josephine Green","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JosephineGreen?f_ri=30494","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":30494,"name":"England","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/England?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":49296,"name":"Birth","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Birth?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":62112,"name":"Prospective 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itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/21411395/Teaching_anatomy_without_cadavers">Teaching anatomy without cadavers</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/21411395" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f47e02b9d2f2958e4527b8f39e9c8303" rel="nofollow" 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window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_21411395"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_21411395 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="21411395"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21411395; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=21411395]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_21411395").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_21411395").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="21411395"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="922" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education">Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="922" type="text/json">{"id":922,"name":"Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4455" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Education">Medical Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4455" type="text/json">{"id":4455,"name":"Medical 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u-mb0x js-work-card work_31103111" data-work_id="31103111" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31103111/The_German_Campaign_in_Russia_1941_1943">The German Campaign in Russia 1941-1943</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">As a German historian recently remarked, for Germany Adolf Hitler was the “off-spring,” the outstanding legacy, of World War I, and no one doubts that.1 He himself started his political career in 1919 in the wake of a lost war and the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_31103111" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">As a German historian recently remarked, for Germany Adolf Hitler was the “off-spring,” the outstanding legacy, of World War I, and no one doubts that.1 He himself started his political career in 1919 in the wake of a lost war and the crushing peace of Versailles. That treaty reduced Germany’s territory by 14 percent and its population by 6.5 million citizens. It created for Germany large minorities outside its new borders and for the time being an unlimited reparations liability.2 Hitler’s rise to dictatorship is unthinkable without the humiliation and misery that resulted for the German people out of their defeat. And still: was he bound to become the war’s nemesis in destroying the Weimar Republic? This article thus asks the question whether Hitler’s rise to power from Germany’s defeat to the proclamation of the Third Reich was inevitable. For that purpose the ways in which Germans tried to come to terms with their defeat and the war’s legacies will be discussed. As an illustration the article focuses on two highly popular political doctrines, both legacies of the war of its own—both in different ways denying the hopelessness of Germany’s military situation at the end of the war. These were: (1) the doctrine of the so-called “stab-in-the-back” (Dolchstoss); and (2) the doctrine of the so-called “war guilt lie” (Kriegsschuldlüge). At its conclusion, this analysis will raise the question as to whether Hitler’s exploitation of these two doctrines immediately led to his dictatorship.<br />(1) The stab-in-the-back doctrine first was foreshadowed, when, on October 3, 1918, the German government requested an armistice with the Allies and peace negotiations on the basis of the peace program that President Woodrow Wilson had propagated. To the German public this move was an absolutely shattering surprise. Until then the German High Command had failed to admit the increasing seriousness of Germany’s military position resulting from strategic overstretch and military exhaustion.3 Instead, all the public had perceived was that the German troops fighting in France had protected them against the direct experience of war and that in the East Germany's predominance extended as far as the Caucasus Mountains. How then could Germany’s bid be explained?4 Could it be that the million-fold sacrifice of lives had been in vain? The gap that throughout the war had yawned between far-flung popular hopes and the grim military reality thus deepened even further. Other, non military reasons, it was believed, must have been behind Germany’s sudden giving up. The German military command concealed what it had confessed to the political leadership in Berlin—that it feared German troops in France were on the verge of being routed. To avoid a public loss of face, it claimed that nonmilitary reasons lay behind Germany’s critical military situation. Ludendorff, the de facto highest commander of Germany’s troops, concocted an explanation by inventing the stab-in-the-back doctrine. Germany had sued for an armistice, he asserted in a confidential talk with his officers, because it had become impossible to continue the war. This was due to the “poison” of Marxist–Socialist propaganda that had undermined the soldiers’ resolution to go on fighting and made them “unreliable,” although the chances of a successful defense, if not victory, continued to be good.5 Ludendorff’s statement initiated a lengthy process of political onus shifting between military and civil authorities, between the Right and the Left, regarding the responsibility for the military disaster that was threatening their country.6<br />Actually, the antecedents of this doctrine went further back—well into the fall of 1916. At that point, under the impression of a precarious military situation during the battle of the Somme, the first doubts arose in Germany regarding the prospects of a victory. A heated controversy about the war’s purpose and Germany’s war aims broke out. The military leadership and the exponents of the nationalist right kept insisting that a total victory was indispensable that would ensure sizable annexations, improve Germany’s geopolitical position, and entail a reward for the sacrifices the German people had made. Significantly, it was also held that only the perspective of a total victory would maintain morale at home and at the front.7 The forces of the German Center and Left, not least Labor, on the other hand, pressed for a peace of accommodation based on a military tie as the only realistic way out of a war that Germany apparently could not win. The real reward of the war seemed to be liberal reforms in Prussia and the Empire.8 On July 19, 1917, a majority of the German Reichstag passed a resolution demanding just that.9 To the rightist die-hards this amounted to outright treason subverting the public morale. According to the Right, internal reforms could not be a substitute for military victory.10</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/31103111" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9de3d2de689517aaffd49e6a27e5cf89" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51538269,"asset_id":31103111,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51538269/download_file?st=MTc0MDY0NzYxMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="28992531" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GustavoUrue%C3%B1aA">Gustavo Urueña A</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="28992531" type="text/json">{"id":28992531,"first_name":"Gustavo","last_name":"Urueña A","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GustavoUrueñaA","display_name":"Gustavo Urueña A","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GustavoUrue%C3%B1aA?f_ri=30494","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/28992531/8252073/9231653/s65_gustavo.urue_a_a.jpg_oh_f3e4e055f952d49b685bcde7a0f9567e_oe_559ec905___gda___1437429242_4aafc7744f8a0da6a06103d93ce455e1"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_31103111 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="31103111"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 31103111, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_31103111", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31103111]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_31103111").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_31103111").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="31103111"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="128" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History">History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="128" type="text/json">{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="724" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics">Economics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="724" type="text/json">{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5709" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Politics">Politics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5709" type="text/json">{"id":5709,"name":"Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Politics?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8265" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biography">Biography</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="8265" type="text/json">{"id":8265,"name":"Biography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biography?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=31103111]'), work: {"id":31103111,"title":"The German Campaign in Russia 1941-1943","created_at":"2017-01-28T08:24:52.091-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/31103111/The_German_Campaign_in_Russia_1941_1943?f_ri=30494","dom_id":"work_31103111","summary":"As a German historian recently remarked, for Germany Adolf Hitler was the “off-spring,” the outstanding legacy, of World War I, and no one doubts that.1 He himself started his political career in 1919 in the wake of a lost war and the crushing peace of Versailles. That treaty reduced Germany’s territory by 14 percent and its population by 6.5 million citizens. It created for Germany large minorities outside its new borders and for the time being an unlimited reparations liability.2 Hitler’s rise to dictatorship is unthinkable without the humiliation and misery that resulted for the German people out of their defeat. And still: was he bound to become the war’s nemesis in destroying the Weimar Republic? This article thus asks the question whether Hitler’s rise to power from Germany’s defeat to the proclamation of the Third Reich was inevitable. For that purpose the ways in which Germans tried to come to terms with their defeat and the war’s legacies will be discussed. As an illustration the article focuses on two highly popular political doctrines, both legacies of the war of its own—both in different ways denying the hopelessness of Germany’s military situation at the end of the war. These were: (1) the doctrine of the so-called “stab-in-the-back” (Dolchstoss); and (2) the doctrine of the so-called “war guilt lie” (Kriegsschuldlüge). At its conclusion, this analysis will raise the question as to whether Hitler’s exploitation of these two doctrines immediately led to his dictatorship.\n(1) The stab-in-the-back doctrine first was foreshadowed, when, on October 3, 1918, the German government requested an armistice with the Allies and peace negotiations on the basis of the peace program that President Woodrow Wilson had propagated. To the German public this move was an absolutely shattering surprise. Until then the German High Command had failed to admit the increasing seriousness of Germany’s military position resulting from strategic overstretch and military exhaustion.3 Instead, all the public had perceived was that the German troops fighting in France had protected them against the direct experience of war and that in the East Germany's predominance extended as far as the Caucasus Mountains. How then could Germany’s bid be explained?4 Could it be that the million-fold sacrifice of lives had been in vain? The gap that throughout the war had yawned between far-flung popular hopes and the grim military reality thus deepened even further. Other, non military reasons, it was believed, must have been behind Germany’s sudden giving up. The German military command concealed what it had confessed to the political leadership in Berlin—that it feared German troops in France were on the verge of being routed. To avoid a public loss of face, it claimed that nonmilitary reasons lay behind Germany’s critical military situation. Ludendorff, the de facto highest commander of Germany’s troops, concocted an explanation by inventing the stab-in-the-back doctrine. Germany had sued for an armistice, he asserted in a confidential talk with his officers, because it had become impossible to continue the war. This was due to the “poison” of Marxist–Socialist propaganda that had undermined the soldiers’ resolution to go on fighting and made them “unreliable,” although the chances of a successful defense, if not victory, continued to be good.5 Ludendorff’s statement initiated a lengthy process of political onus shifting between military and civil authorities, between the Right and the Left, regarding the responsibility for the military disaster that was threatening their country.6\nActually, the antecedents of this doctrine went further back—well into the fall of 1916. At that point, under the impression of a precarious military situation during the battle of the Somme, the first doubts arose in Germany regarding the prospects of a victory. A heated controversy about the war’s purpose and Germany’s war aims broke out. The military leadership and the exponents of the nationalist right kept insisting that a total victory was indispensable that would ensure sizable annexations, improve Germany’s geopolitical position, and entail a reward for the sacrifices the German people had made. Significantly, it was also held that only the perspective of a total victory would maintain morale at home and at the front.7 The forces of the German Center and Left, not least Labor, on the other hand, pressed for a peace of accommodation based on a military tie as the only realistic way out of a war that Germany apparently could not win. The real reward of the war seemed to be liberal reforms in Prussia and the Empire.8 On July 19, 1917, a majority of the German Reichstag passed a resolution demanding just that.9 To the rightist die-hards this amounted to outright treason subverting the public morale. According to the Right, internal reforms could not be a substitute for military victory.10\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51538269,"asset_id":31103111,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":28992531,"first_name":"Gustavo","last_name":"Urueña A","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GustavoUrueñaA","display_name":"Gustavo Urueña A","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GustavoUrue%C3%B1aA?f_ri=30494","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/28992531/8252073/9231653/s65_gustavo.urue_a_a.jpg_oh_f3e4e055f952d49b685bcde7a0f9567e_oe_559ec905___gda___1437429242_4aafc7744f8a0da6a06103d93ce455e1"}],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":5709,"name":"Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Politics?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":8265,"name":"Biography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biography?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":27336,"name":"France","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/France?f_ri=30494"},{"id":30494,"name":"England","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/England?f_ri=30494"},{"id":43023,"name":"Nazi Germany","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nazi_Germany?f_ri=30494"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_58752216" data-work_id="58752216" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/58752216/Does_hospital_at_home_for_palliative_care_facilitate_death_at_home_Randomised_controlled_trial">Does hospital at home for palliative care facilitate death at home? Randomised controlled trial</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Results: Twenty five (58%) control patients died at home compared with 124 (67%) patients allocated to hospital at home. This difference was not significant; intention to treat analysis did not show that hospital at home increased the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_58752216" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Results: Twenty five (58%) control patients died at home compared with 124 (67%) patients allocated to hospital at home. This difference was not significant; intention to treat analysis did not show that hospital at home increased the number of deathsat home. Seventy three patients ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/58752216" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="55934e4700ff70629a64c88fbe37f4a5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":73011602,"asset_id":58752216,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/73011602/download_file?st=MTc0MDY0NzYxMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32434909" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GunnGrande">Gunn Grande</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32434909" type="text/json">{"id":32434909,"first_name":"Gunn","last_name":"Grande","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GunnGrande","display_name":"Gunn Grande","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GunnGrande?f_ri=30494","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_58752216 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="58752216"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 58752216, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_58752216", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_58752216 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 58752216; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_58752216"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_58752216 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="58752216"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 58752216; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=58752216]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_58752216").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_58752216").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="58752216"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2122" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Death">Death</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2122" type="text/json">{"id":2122,"name":"Death","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Death?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4482" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palliative_Care">Palliative Care</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4482" type="text/json">{"id":4482,"name":"Palliative Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palliative_Care?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="30494" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/England">England</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="30494" type="text/json">{"id":30494,"name":"England","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/England?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="196189" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sample_Size">Sample Size</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="196189" type="text/json">{"id":196189,"name":"Sample Size","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sample_Size?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=58752216]'), work: {"id":58752216,"title":"Does hospital at home for palliative care facilitate death at home? Randomised controlled trial","created_at":"2021-10-18T02:16:12.477-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/58752216/Does_hospital_at_home_for_palliative_care_facilitate_death_at_home_Randomised_controlled_trial?f_ri=30494","dom_id":"work_58752216","summary":"Results: Twenty five (58%) control patients died at home compared with 124 (67%) patients allocated to hospital at home. This difference was not significant; intention to treat analysis did not show that hospital at home increased the number of deathsat home. Seventy three patients ...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":73011602,"asset_id":58752216,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32434909,"first_name":"Gunn","last_name":"Grande","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GunnGrande","display_name":"Gunn Grande","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GunnGrande?f_ri=30494","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2122,"name":"Death","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Death?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":4482,"name":"Palliative Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palliative_Care?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":30494,"name":"England","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/England?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":196189,"name":"Sample Size","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sample_Size?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1?f_ri=30494"},{"id":475235,"name":"BMJ","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/BMJ?f_ri=30494"},{"id":3832867,"name":"Residence Characteristics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Residence_Characteristics?f_ri=30494"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_19517531" data-work_id="19517531" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/19517531/A_five_year_follow_up_study_of_the_Bristol_pregnancy_domestic_violence_programme_to_promote_routine_enquiry">A five year follow-up study of the Bristol pregnancy domestic violence programme to promote routine enquiry</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">and sharing with colleagues.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/19517531" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5b06e4b12335eaa7a7e5a2c2281963d1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40665892,"asset_id":19517531,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40665892/download_file?st=MTc0MDY0NzYxMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32692248" href="https://griffith.academia.edu/KathleenBaird">Kathleen Baird</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32692248" type="text/json">{"id":32692248,"first_name":"Kathleen","last_name":"Baird","domain_name":"griffith","page_name":"KathleenBaird","display_name":"Kathleen Baird","profile_url":"https://griffith.academia.edu/KathleenBaird?f_ri=30494","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32692248/9754664/10866812/s65_kathleen.baird.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_19517531 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="19517531"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 19517531, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_19517531", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_19517531 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 19517531; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_19517531"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_19517531 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="19517531"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 19517531; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=19517531]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_19517531").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_19517531").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="19517531"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="588" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nursing">Nursing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="588" type="text/json">{"id":588,"name":"Nursing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nursing?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1663" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Domestic_Violence">Domestic Violence</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1663" type="text/json">{"id":1663,"name":"Domestic Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Domestic_Violence?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4193" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Focus_Groups">Focus Groups</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4193" type="text/json">{"id":4193,"name":"Focus Groups","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Focus_Groups?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12500" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Midwifery">Midwifery</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="12500" type="text/json">{"id":12500,"name":"Midwifery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Midwifery?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=19517531]'), work: {"id":19517531,"title":"A five year follow-up study of the Bristol pregnancy domestic violence programme to promote routine enquiry","created_at":"2015-12-06T03:16:39.516-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/19517531/A_five_year_follow_up_study_of_the_Bristol_pregnancy_domestic_violence_programme_to_promote_routine_enquiry?f_ri=30494","dom_id":"work_19517531","summary":"and sharing with colleagues.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":40665892,"asset_id":19517531,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32692248,"first_name":"Kathleen","last_name":"Baird","domain_name":"griffith","page_name":"KathleenBaird","display_name":"Kathleen Baird","profile_url":"https://griffith.academia.edu/KathleenBaird?f_ri=30494","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32692248/9754664/10866812/s65_kathleen.baird.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":588,"name":"Nursing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nursing?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":1663,"name":"Domestic Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Domestic_Violence?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":4193,"name":"Focus Groups","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Focus_Groups?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":12500,"name":"Midwifery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Midwifery?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":30494,"name":"England","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/England?f_ri=30494"},{"id":62550,"name":"Pregnancy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pregnancy?f_ri=30494"},{"id":137516,"name":"Follow-up studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Follow-up_studies?f_ri=30494"},{"id":327850,"name":"Questionnaires","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Questionnaires?f_ri=30494"},{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1?f_ri=30494"},{"id":557260,"name":"Health surveys","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_surveys?f_ri=30494"},{"id":1327745,"name":"Prenatal Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prenatal_Care?f_ri=30494"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_67344117" data-work_id="67344117" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/67344117/Depressive_Symptoms_and_Suicidal_Ideation_Among_Lawyers_and_Other_Law_Professionals">Depressive Symptoms and Suicidal Ideation Among Lawyers and Other Law Professionals</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">To examine the prevalence of depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation, their comorbidity, and associated risk factors in adolescence. A self-administered questionnaire was completed in class by students in three middle schools (grades 6... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_67344117" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">To examine the prevalence of depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation, their comorbidity, and associated risk factors in adolescence. A self-administered questionnaire was completed in class by students in three middle schools (grades 6 through 8) enrolling more than 3,200 students. Usable questionnaires were obtained from 2,614 (81.5%), of which 924 were Anglo and 1,354 were of Mexican origin Depression was measured using the 20-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale and suicidal ideation using four items on thoughts of death and suicide. The minority adolescents reported significantly higher crude prevalence rates of symptoms of depression and thoughts of suicide than their Anglo counterparts. Prevalence rates were highest for females of Mexican origin. There was a strong association between depression and suicidal ideation in both ethnic groups. Multivariate logistic regression analyses indicated significant correlates of depressive symptoms were suicidal ideation (adjusted odds ratio = 10.9), loneliness, and use of English, in that order. Significant correlates of suicidal ideation were depression (adjusted odds ratio = 10.6), loneliness, two-parent household, use of English, and being of Mexican origin. More than 80% of those with high ratings on suicidal ideation scored as depressed in both ethnic groups. Results are consistent with other studies suggesting rates of suicidal ideation among adolescents are in the 10% to 20% range, while rates of depressive symptoms are in the 35% to 50% range using standard caseness scores. Mexican-American youths appear to be at higher risk than Anglo youths, particularly for suicidal ideation. In addition, it appears that youths who are lonely are more likely to report higher rates of both depression and suicidal ideation. The data also indicate that youths who spoke only or mostly English reported lower rates of depression and suicidal ideation, suggesting that acculturation may play a role as well.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/67344117" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="28684248" href="https://upenn.academia.edu/MarthaKnudson">Martha Knudson</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="28684248" type="text/json">{"id":28684248,"first_name":"Martha","last_name":"Knudson","domain_name":"upenn","page_name":"MarthaKnudson","display_name":"Martha Knudson","profile_url":"https://upenn.academia.edu/MarthaKnudson?f_ri=30494","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/28684248/8129957/9099661/s65_martha.knudson.jpg_oh_69d5a6e2787c591acbe90f469e0641fd_oe_55af11ac___gda___1438321967_3344075917f0c4a3811868c0aa054445"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_67344117 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="67344117"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 67344117, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_67344117", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_67344117 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 67344117; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_67344117"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_67344117 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="67344117"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 67344117; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=67344117]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_67344117").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_67344117").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="67344117"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="588" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nursing">Nursing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="588" type="text/json">{"id":588,"name":"Nursing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nursing?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22506" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent">Adolescent</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="22506" type="text/json">{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="30494" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/England">England</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="30494" type="text/json">{"id":30494,"name":"England","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/England?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="43881" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mexico">Mexico</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="43881" type="text/json">{"id":43881,"name":"Mexico","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mexico?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=67344117]'), work: {"id":67344117,"title":"Depressive Symptoms and Suicidal Ideation Among Lawyers and Other Law Professionals","created_at":"2022-01-06T01:45:39.285-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/67344117/Depressive_Symptoms_and_Suicidal_Ideation_Among_Lawyers_and_Other_Law_Professionals?f_ri=30494","dom_id":"work_67344117","summary":"To examine the prevalence of depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation, their comorbidity, and associated risk factors in adolescence. A self-administered questionnaire was completed in class by students in three middle schools (grades 6 through 8) enrolling more than 3,200 students. Usable questionnaires were obtained from 2,614 (81.5%), of which 924 were Anglo and 1,354 were of Mexican origin Depression was measured using the 20-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale and suicidal ideation using four items on thoughts of death and suicide. The minority adolescents reported significantly higher crude prevalence rates of symptoms of depression and thoughts of suicide than their Anglo counterparts. Prevalence rates were highest for females of Mexican origin. There was a strong association between depression and suicidal ideation in both ethnic groups. Multivariate logistic regression analyses indicated significant correlates of depressive symptoms were suicidal ideation (adjusted odds ratio = 10.9), loneliness, and use of English, in that order. Significant correlates of suicidal ideation were depression (adjusted odds ratio = 10.6), loneliness, two-parent household, use of English, and being of Mexican origin. More than 80% of those with high ratings on suicidal ideation scored as depressed in both ethnic groups. Results are consistent with other studies suggesting rates of suicidal ideation among adolescents are in the 10% to 20% range, while rates of depressive symptoms are in the 35% to 50% range using standard caseness scores. Mexican-American youths appear to be at higher risk than Anglo youths, particularly for suicidal ideation. In addition, it appears that youths who are lonely are more likely to report higher rates of both depression and suicidal ideation. The data also indicate that youths who spoke only or mostly English reported lower rates of depression and suicidal ideation, suggesting that acculturation may play a role as well.","downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":28684248,"first_name":"Martha","last_name":"Knudson","domain_name":"upenn","page_name":"MarthaKnudson","display_name":"Martha Knudson","profile_url":"https://upenn.academia.edu/MarthaKnudson?f_ri=30494","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/28684248/8129957/9099661/s65_martha.knudson.jpg_oh_69d5a6e2787c591acbe90f469e0641fd_oe_55af11ac___gda___1438321967_3344075917f0c4a3811868c0aa054445"}],"research_interests":[{"id":588,"name":"Nursing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nursing?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":30494,"name":"England","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/England?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":43881,"name":"Mexico","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mexico?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=30494"},{"id":98134,"name":"United States","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/United_States?f_ri=30494"},{"id":115029,"name":"Loneliness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Loneliness?f_ri=30494"},{"id":118928,"name":"Child and Adolescent Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_and_Adolescent_Psychology?f_ri=30494"},{"id":157943,"name":"Depressive Disorder","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Depressive_Disorder?f_ri=30494"},{"id":192721,"name":"Risk factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_factors?f_ri=30494"},{"id":617771,"name":"MEXICO","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/MEXICO-2015?f_ri=30494"},{"id":620049,"name":"Risk Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Factors-1?f_ri=30494"},{"id":1181690,"name":"Adolescent Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent_Behavior?f_ri=30494"},{"id":1294746,"name":"Attempted Suicide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Attempted_Suicide?f_ri=30494"},{"id":1834376,"name":"Occupational and environmental medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Occupational_and_environmental_medicine?f_ri=30494"},{"id":2922956,"name":"Psychology and Cognitive Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology_and_Cognitive_Sciences?f_ri=30494"},{"id":3763225,"name":"Medical and Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Health_Sciences?f_ri=30494"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38695142" data-work_id="38695142" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38695142/Conversos_versus_Recusants_Shaping_the_Markers_of_Difference_1570_1680_">Conversos versus Recusants: Shaping the Markers of Difference (1570-1680)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Despite their numerous similarities, Marranos in inquisitorial Spain and Recusants (and the so-called ‘Church Papists’), English Crypto-Catholics, in the wake of the English religious reforms, have rarely been studied concurrently. In... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38695142" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Despite their numerous similarities, Marranos in inquisitorial Spain and Recusants (and the so-called ‘Church Papists’), English Crypto-Catholics, in the wake of the English religious reforms, have rarely been studied concurrently. In this paper I will argue that secrecy was a central feature of the daily lives of both these minorities, and it helped them function as groups despite their internal diversity, experiencing a wide array of expressions of belonging. The elasticity of the groups’ religious practices clearly contributed to the rise of new forms of worship and to the creation of new ritual objects which could be validated by diasporic belief systems. As a consequence, beyond criticisms, these communities functioned as significant vectors of change in how their entire religious groups practiced their faiths. Ultimately, it appears that both Crypto-Jews and Crypto-Catholics existed as cohesive groups as much because their members shared religious practices as due to the diasporic culture of martyrdom.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38695142" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="46abde0ca1e32b6d43d1624e2bcbb4d1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58777710,"asset_id":38695142,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58777710/download_file?st=MTc0MDY0NzYxMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5988049" href="https://ehess.academia.edu/nataliamuchnik">natalia muchnik</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5988049" type="text/json">{"id":5988049,"first_name":"natalia","last_name":"muchnik","domain_name":"ehess","page_name":"nataliamuchnik","display_name":"natalia muchnik","profile_url":"https://ehess.academia.edu/nataliamuchnik?f_ri=30494","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5988049/3087189/30673891/s65_natalia.muchnik.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38695142 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38695142"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38695142, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38695142", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_38695142 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38695142; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_38695142"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_38695142 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38695142"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38695142; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38695142]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_38695142").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_38695142").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="38695142"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="106" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion">Religion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="106" type="text/json">{"id":106,"name":"Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1727" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Modern_History">Early Modern History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1727" type="text/json">{"id":1727,"name":"Early Modern History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Modern_History?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5410" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inquisition">Inquisition</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5410" type="text/json">{"id":5410,"name":"Inquisition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inquisition?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7398" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jesuit_history">Jesuit history</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7398" type="text/json">{"id":7398,"name":"Jesuit history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jesuit_history?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=38695142]'), work: {"id":38695142,"title":"Conversos versus Recusants: Shaping the Markers of Difference (1570-1680)","created_at":"2019-04-02T09:53:10.705-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/38695142/Conversos_versus_Recusants_Shaping_the_Markers_of_Difference_1570_1680_?f_ri=30494","dom_id":"work_38695142","summary":"Despite their numerous similarities, Marranos in inquisitorial Spain and Recusants (and the so-called ‘Church Papists’), English Crypto-Catholics, in the wake of the English religious reforms, have rarely been studied concurrently. In this paper I will argue that secrecy was a central feature of the daily lives of both these minorities, and it helped them function as groups despite their internal diversity, experiencing a wide array of expressions of belonging. The elasticity of the groups’ religious practices clearly contributed to the rise of new forms of worship and to the creation of new ritual objects which could be validated by diasporic belief systems. As a consequence, beyond criticisms, these communities functioned as significant vectors of change in how their entire religious groups practiced their faiths. Ultimately, it appears that both Crypto-Jews and Crypto-Catholics existed as cohesive groups as much because their members shared religious practices as due to the diasporic culture of martyrdom.\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58777710,"asset_id":38695142,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5988049,"first_name":"natalia","last_name":"muchnik","domain_name":"ehess","page_name":"nataliamuchnik","display_name":"natalia muchnik","profile_url":"https://ehess.academia.edu/nataliamuchnik?f_ri=30494","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5988049/3087189/30673891/s65_natalia.muchnik.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":106,"name":"Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":1727,"name":"Early Modern History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Modern_History?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":5410,"name":"Inquisition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inquisition?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":7398,"name":"Jesuit history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jesuit_history?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":8495,"name":"History of Missions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Missions?f_ri=30494"},{"id":11245,"name":"History of Roman Catholicism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Roman_Catholicism?f_ri=30494"},{"id":13954,"name":"History of the Jews","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_the_Jews?f_ri=30494"},{"id":15567,"name":"Diaspora Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diaspora_Studies?f_ri=30494"},{"id":24001,"name":"Sephardic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sephardic_Studies?f_ri=30494"},{"id":30494,"name":"England","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/England?f_ri=30494"},{"id":40516,"name":"Spain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spain?f_ri=30494"},{"id":44006,"name":"Identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Identity?f_ri=30494"},{"id":45923,"name":"Recusant Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Recusant_Studies?f_ri=30494"},{"id":54319,"name":"Minorities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Minorities?f_ri=30494"},{"id":55854,"name":"History of Secret Societies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Secret_Societies?f_ri=30494"},{"id":81892,"name":"Rituals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rituals?f_ri=30494"},{"id":137377,"name":"Conversos","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conversos?f_ri=30494"},{"id":137378,"name":"Marranos","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marranos?f_ri=30494"},{"id":385798,"name":"Conversos and Ethnic Identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conversos_and_Ethnic_Identity?f_ri=30494"},{"id":851812,"name":"Repression and Clandestinity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Repression_and_Clandestinity?f_ri=30494"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_52135852" data-work_id="52135852" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/52135852/Funding_models_in_palliative_care_Lessons_from_international_experience">Funding models in palliative care: Lessons from international experience</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Funding models influence provision and development of palliative care services. As palliative care integrates into mainstream health care provision, opportunities to develop funding mechanisms arise. However, little has been reported on... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_52135852" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Funding models influence provision and development of palliative care services. As palliative care integrates into mainstream health care provision, opportunities to develop funding mechanisms arise. However, little has been reported on what funding models exist or how we can learn from them. To assess national models and methods for financing and reimbursing palliative care. Initial literature scoping yielded limited evidence on the subject as national policy documents are difficult to identify, access and interpret. We undertook expert consultations to appraise national models of palliative care financing in England, Germany, Hungary, Republic of Ireland, New Zealand, The Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the United States and Wales. These represent different levels of service development and a variety of funding mechanisms. Funding mechanisms reflect country-specific context and local variations in care provision. Patterns emerging include the following: Pr...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/52135852" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3924c8ad9239b5d7f66c7710947a0374" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":69540094,"asset_id":52135852,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/69540094/download_file?st=MTc0MDY0NzYxMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="37821537" href="https://independent.academia.edu/Ma%C5%82gorzataKrajnik">Małgorzata Krajnik</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="37821537" type="text/json">{"id":37821537,"first_name":"Małgorzata","last_name":"Krajnik","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MałgorzataKrajnik","display_name":"Małgorzata Krajnik","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/Ma%C5%82gorzataKrajnik?f_ri=30494","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_52135852 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="52135852"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 52135852, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_52135852", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=52135852]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_52135852").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_52135852").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="52135852"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4482" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palliative_Care">Palliative Care</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4482" type="text/json">{"id":4482,"name":"Palliative Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palliative_Care?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27363" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poland">Poland</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="27363" type="text/json">{"id":27363,"name":"Poland","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poland?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28023" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palliative_Medicine">Palliative Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28023" type="text/json">{"id":28023,"name":"Palliative Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palliative_Medicine?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="29842" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ireland">Ireland</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="29842" type="text/json">{"id":29842,"name":"Ireland","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ireland?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=52135852]'), work: {"id":52135852,"title":"Funding models in palliative care: Lessons from international experience","created_at":"2021-09-13T05:25:29.563-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/52135852/Funding_models_in_palliative_care_Lessons_from_international_experience?f_ri=30494","dom_id":"work_52135852","summary":"Funding models influence provision and development of palliative care services. As palliative care integrates into mainstream health care provision, opportunities to develop funding mechanisms arise. However, little has been reported on what funding models exist or how we can learn from them. To assess national models and methods for financing and reimbursing palliative care. Initial literature scoping yielded limited evidence on the subject as national policy documents are difficult to identify, access and interpret. We undertook expert consultations to appraise national models of palliative care financing in England, Germany, Hungary, Republic of Ireland, New Zealand, The Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the United States and Wales. These represent different levels of service development and a variety of funding mechanisms. Funding mechanisms reflect country-specific context and local variations in care provision. Patterns emerging include the following: Pr...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":69540094,"asset_id":52135852,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":37821537,"first_name":"Małgorzata","last_name":"Krajnik","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MałgorzataKrajnik","display_name":"Małgorzata Krajnik","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/Ma%C5%82gorzataKrajnik?f_ri=30494","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4482,"name":"Palliative Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palliative_Care?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":27363,"name":"Poland","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poland?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":28023,"name":"Palliative Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palliative_Medicine?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":29842,"name":"Ireland","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ireland?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":30494,"name":"England","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/England?f_ri=30494"},{"id":40516,"name":"Spain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spain?f_ri=30494"},{"id":44814,"name":"Sweden","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sweden?f_ri=30494"},{"id":50576,"name":"Germany","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Germany?f_ri=30494"},{"id":51645,"name":"Norway","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Norway?f_ri=30494"},{"id":81896,"name":"Hungary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hungary?f_ri=30494"},{"id":96273,"name":"Wales","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wales?f_ri=30494"},{"id":98134,"name":"United States","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/United_States?f_ri=30494"},{"id":116108,"name":"New Zealand","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_Zealand?f_ri=30494"},{"id":152580,"name":"Switzerland","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Switzerland?f_ri=30494"},{"id":157892,"name":"Netherlands","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Netherlands?f_ri=30494"},{"id":256112,"name":"Hospice Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hospice_Care?f_ri=30494"},{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1?f_ri=30494"},{"id":454910,"name":"Economic Models","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Models?f_ri=30494"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_22453630" data-work_id="22453630" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/22453630/Understanding_adverse_events_human_factors">Understanding adverse events: human factors</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/22453630" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6ad7327ad464838f426eb286b04942b2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43071113,"asset_id":22453630,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43071113/download_file?st=MTc0MDY0NzYxMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="43784753" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JReason">J. Reason</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="43784753" type="text/json">{"id":43784753,"first_name":"J.","last_name":"Reason","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JReason","display_name":"J. 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data-has-card-for-user="1270638" href="https://msu-tr.academia.edu/OsmanK%C3%B6se">Osman KÖSE</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1270638" type="text/json">{"id":1270638,"first_name":"Osman","last_name":"KÖSE","domain_name":"msu-tr","page_name":"OsmanKöse","display_name":"Osman KÖSE","profile_url":"https://msu-tr.academia.edu/OsmanK%C3%B6se?f_ri=30494","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1270638/3124072/14035035/s65_osman.k_se.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_14738105 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="14738105"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14738105, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_14738105", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_14738105 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget 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rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11208" type="text/json">{"id":11208,"name":"Ottoman Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_Empire?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15263" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/First_World_War">First World War</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15263" type="text/json">{"id":15263,"name":"First World War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/First_World_War?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="30494" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/England">England</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="30494" type="text/json">{"id":30494,"name":"England","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/England?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) 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İmparatorluğu","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Osmanli_Imparatorlugu?f_ri=30494"},{"id":505559,"name":"Irlanda","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Irlanda?f_ri=30494"},{"id":795251,"name":"Irish Republican Army","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Irish_Republican_Army?f_ri=30494"},{"id":967549,"name":"Almanya","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Almanya?f_ri=30494"},{"id":1175298,"name":"Birinci Dünya Savaşı","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Birinci_Dunya_Savasi?f_ri=30494"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13500624 coauthored" data-work_id="13500624" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13500624/Public_knowledge_attitudes_and_behaviour_regarding_people_with_mental_illness_in_England_2009_2012">Public knowledge, attitudes and behaviour regarding people with mental illness in England 2009-2012</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Public stigma against people with mental health problems is damaging to individuals with mental illness and is associated with substantial societal burden. 1,2 It is a global phenomenon, 3 which is prevalent and persists over time. 4,5 A... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13500624" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Public stigma against people with mental health problems is damaging to individuals with mental illness and is associated with substantial societal burden. 1,2 It is a global phenomenon, 3 which is prevalent and persists over time. 4,5 A recent systematic review and meta-analysis of public attitudes showed that despite improvements in mental health literacy, public attitudes and desire for social distance have remained stable over time. 5 Moreover, additional research suggests that there is a link between public stigma and the individual experiences of stigma among people with mental health problems. 6 Prior research examining public attitudes towards people with mental health problems in England and Scotland demonstrated a deterioration of attitudes between 1994 and 2003. 7 Relative to Scotland, which initiated the national anti-stigma initiative 'see me' in 2002, attitudes in England showed worsening between 2000 and 2003. 7 These findings, in addition to the growing body of scientific evidence for reducing stigma and discrimination, supported the development of England's national Time to Change (TTC) programme against stigma and discrimination. The programme aimed to overcome criticisms of other anti-stigma programmes by targeting public behaviour, and by facilitating social contact and social inclusion of people with mental health problems.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13500624" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b1ae7cecc79b27cbb64db2f116a34a78" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45263930,"asset_id":13500624,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45263930/download_file?st=MTc0MDY0NzYxMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32704080" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ClaireHenderson4">Claire Henderson</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32704080" type="text/json">{"id":32704080,"first_name":"Claire","last_name":"Henderson","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ClaireHenderson4","display_name":"Claire Henderson","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ClaireHenderson4?f_ri=30494","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-13500624">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-13500624"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/SEvanslacko">Sara Evans-lacko</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-13500624'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-13500624').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13500624 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13500624"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13500624, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13500624", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_13500624 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13500624; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_13500624"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_13500624 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="13500624"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13500624; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13500624]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_13500624").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_13500624").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13500624"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="206" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Change">Social Change</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="206" type="text/json">{"id":206,"name":"Social Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Change?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1116" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Opinion">Public Opinion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1116" type="text/json">{"id":1116,"name":"Public Opinion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Opinion?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="30494" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/England">England</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="30494" type="text/json">{"id":30494,"name":"England","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/England?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="54210" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Stigma">Social Stigma</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="54210" type="text/json">{"id":54210,"name":"Social Stigma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Stigma?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13500624]'), work: {"id":13500624,"title":"Public knowledge, attitudes and behaviour regarding people with mental illness in England 2009-2012","created_at":"2015-07-01T08:15:06.126-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13500624/Public_knowledge_attitudes_and_behaviour_regarding_people_with_mental_illness_in_England_2009_2012?f_ri=30494","dom_id":"work_13500624","summary":"Public stigma against people with mental health problems is damaging to individuals with mental illness and is associated with substantial societal burden. 1,2 It is a global phenomenon, 3 which is prevalent and persists over time. 4,5 A recent systematic review and meta-analysis of public attitudes showed that despite improvements in mental health literacy, public attitudes and desire for social distance have remained stable over time. 5 Moreover, additional research suggests that there is a link between public stigma and the individual experiences of stigma among people with mental health problems. 6 Prior research examining public attitudes towards people with mental health problems in England and Scotland demonstrated a deterioration of attitudes between 1994 and 2003. 7 Relative to Scotland, which initiated the national anti-stigma initiative 'see me' in 2002, attitudes in England showed worsening between 2000 and 2003. 7 These findings, in addition to the growing body of scientific evidence for reducing stigma and discrimination, supported the development of England's national Time to Change (TTC) programme against stigma and discrimination. The programme aimed to overcome criticisms of other anti-stigma programmes by targeting public behaviour, and by facilitating social contact and social inclusion of people with mental health problems.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45263930,"asset_id":13500624,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32704080,"first_name":"Claire","last_name":"Henderson","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ClaireHenderson4","display_name":"Claire Henderson","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ClaireHenderson4?f_ri=30494","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":32756438,"first_name":"Sara","last_name":"Evans-lacko","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SEvanslacko","display_name":"Sara Evans-lacko","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SEvanslacko?f_ri=30494","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":206,"name":"Social Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Change?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":1116,"name":"Public Opinion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Opinion?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":30494,"name":"England","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/England?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":54210,"name":"Social Stigma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Stigma?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":171144,"name":"Mental Disorders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Disorders?f_ri=30494"},{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=30494"},{"id":327850,"name":"Questionnaires","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Questionnaires?f_ri=30494"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_18003537" data-work_id="18003537" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18003537/Fitness_for_purpose_when_there_are_many_different_purposes_Who_are_electronic_patient_records_for">Fitness for purpose when there are many different purposes: Who are electronic patient records for?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Electronic patient record systems serve many purposes for many different kinds of users. Four case studies are reported of the use made by health-care staff of electronic patient record systems that supported healthcare pathways. The... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_18003537" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Electronic patient record systems serve many purposes for many different kinds of users. Four case studies are reported of the use made by health-care staff of electronic patient record systems that supported healthcare pathways. The results demonstrate that the systems fit the purposes of strategic and managerial users of the record, but they are problematic as tools for use by the frontline staff delivering care. As a result, these staff frequently resort to workarounds to accomplish their work goals. An analysis of the design processes that created these systems shows that the specification of the systems was based on strategic and managerial requirements and there was no formal assessment of the needs of frontline users. Efforts to address the needs of frontline staff in the provisions of electronic systems were most often made after the main system was implemented.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/18003537" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="fac39b1527987a82c5847ae94c4bcda1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":39823596,"asset_id":18003537,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39823596/download_file?st=MTc0MDY0NzYxMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="37933973" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KenEason">Ken Eason</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="37933973" type="text/json">{"id":37933973,"first_name":"Ken","last_name":"Eason","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KenEason","display_name":"Ken Eason","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KenEason?f_ri=30494","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_18003537 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="18003537"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 18003537, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_18003537", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_18003537 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18003537; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_18003537"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_18003537 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="18003537"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18003537; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18003537]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_18003537").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_18003537").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="18003537"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="37" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Systems">Information Systems</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="37" type="text/json">{"id":37,"name":"Information Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Systems?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1212" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Informatics">Medical Informatics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1212" type="text/json">{"id":1212,"name":"Medical Informatics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Informatics?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3317" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Informatics">Health Informatics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3317" type="text/json">{"id":3317,"name":"Health Informatics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Informatics?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9350" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electronic_Health_Records">Electronic Health Records</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="9350" type="text/json">{"id":9350,"name":"Electronic Health Records","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electronic_Health_Records?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=18003537]'), work: {"id":18003537,"title":"Fitness for purpose when there are many different purposes: Who are electronic patient records for?","created_at":"2015-11-09T02:23:49.434-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/18003537/Fitness_for_purpose_when_there_are_many_different_purposes_Who_are_electronic_patient_records_for?f_ri=30494","dom_id":"work_18003537","summary":"Electronic patient record systems serve many purposes for many different kinds of users. Four case studies are reported of the use made by health-care staff of electronic patient record systems that supported healthcare pathways. The results demonstrate that the systems fit the purposes of strategic and managerial users of the record, but they are problematic as tools for use by the frontline staff delivering care. As a result, these staff frequently resort to workarounds to accomplish their work goals. An analysis of the design processes that created these systems shows that the specification of the systems was based on strategic and managerial requirements and there was no formal assessment of the needs of frontline users. Efforts to address the needs of frontline staff in the provisions of electronic systems were most often made after the main system was implemented.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":39823596,"asset_id":18003537,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":37933973,"first_name":"Ken","last_name":"Eason","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KenEason","display_name":"Ken Eason","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KenEason?f_ri=30494","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":37,"name":"Information Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Systems?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":1212,"name":"Medical Informatics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Informatics?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":3317,"name":"Health Informatics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Informatics?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":9350,"name":"Electronic Health Records","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electronic_Health_Records?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":30494,"name":"England","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/England?f_ri=30494"},{"id":59587,"name":"Library and Information Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Library_and_Information_Studies?f_ri=30494"},{"id":61234,"name":"Stroke","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stroke?f_ri=30494"},{"id":133652,"name":"Diffusion of Innovation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diffusion_of_Innovation?f_ri=30494"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_16745040" data-work_id="16745040" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/16745040/KAMEDO_report_no_80_train_accident_in_England_1999">KAMEDO report no. 80: train accident in England, 1999</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The train crash that occurred in London in 1999 resulted in 31 dead and almost 300 injured persons. Mobilized resources allowed for the application of normal treatment principles. Available resources were in excess of what was needed. The... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_16745040" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The train crash that occurred in London in 1999 resulted in 31 dead and almost 300 injured persons. Mobilized resources allowed for the application of normal treatment principles. Available resources were in excess of what was needed. The procedures implemented were judged as adequate. Responses followed the management plan formulated over many years and experiences. The rotating command procedures used worked well. Multiple communications systems were used, including landline telephones, mobile telephones, and radios. Plans should include caring for both adults and children. Well-planned psychosocial services and functional compute services are essential components.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/16745040" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8bea258ef9913f00d4a684d6cf60336d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":39159250,"asset_id":16745040,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39159250/download_file?st=MTc0MDY0NzYxMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="36155462" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LouisRiddez">Louis Riddez</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="36155462" type="text/json">{"id":36155462,"first_name":"Louis","last_name":"Riddez","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LouisRiddez","display_name":"Louis Riddez","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LouisRiddez?f_ri=30494","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_16745040 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="16745040"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 16745040, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_16745040", }); 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Mobilized resources allowed for the application of normal treatment principles. Available resources were in excess of what was needed. The procedures implemented were judged as adequate. Responses followed the management plan formulated over many years and experiences. The rotating command procedures used worked well. Multiple communications systems were used, including landline telephones, mobile telephones, and radios. Plans should include caring for both adults and children. Well-planned psychosocial services and functional compute services are essential components.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":39159250,"asset_id":16745040,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":36155462,"first_name":"Louis","last_name":"Riddez","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LouisRiddez","display_name":"Louis Riddez","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LouisRiddez?f_ri=30494","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":30494,"name":"England","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/England?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":55155,"name":"Emergency Medical Services","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emergency_Medical_Services?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":82598,"name":"Accidents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Accidents?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":434017,"name":"Railroads","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Railroads?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_67770410" data-work_id="67770410" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/67770410/Occupational_causes_of_low_back_pain">Occupational causes of low-back pain</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">WALSH K, VARNES N, OSMOND C, STYLES R, COGGON D. Occupational causes of low-back pain. Scand J Work Environ Health 1989;15:54-59. Associations between occupational activities and low-back pain (LBP) were examined in a retrospective postal... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_67770410" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">WALSH K, VARNES N, OSMOND C, STYLES R, COGGON D. Occupational causes of low-back pain. Scand J Work Environ Health 1989;15:54-59. Associations between occupational activities and low-back pain (LBP) were examined in a retrospective postal survey of 545 randomly ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/67770410" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="478f25b4427e7067cf1bd539e68d1617" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":78478420,"asset_id":67770410,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78478420/download_file?st=MTc0MDY0NzYxMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="198285308" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RajneeshYadavRJStyles">Rajneesh Yadav RJ Styles</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="198285308" type="text/json">{"id":198285308,"first_name":"Rajneesh","last_name":"Yadav RJ Styles","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RajneeshYadavRJStyles","display_name":"Rajneesh Yadav RJ Styles","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RajneeshYadavRJStyles?f_ri=30494","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_67770410 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="67770410"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 67770410, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_67770410", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=67770410]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_67770410").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_67770410").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="67770410"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8207" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk">Risk</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8207" type="text/json">{"id":8207,"name":"Risk","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="30494" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/England">England</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="30494" type="text/json">{"id":30494,"name":"England","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/England?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="96959" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Back_Pain">Back Pain</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="96959" type="text/json">{"id":96959,"name":"Back Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Back_Pain?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=67770410]'), work: {"id":67770410,"title":"Occupational causes of low-back pain","created_at":"2022-01-10T14:10:25.888-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/67770410/Occupational_causes_of_low_back_pain?f_ri=30494","dom_id":"work_67770410","summary":"WALSH K, VARNES N, OSMOND C, STYLES R, COGGON D. Occupational causes of low-back pain. Scand J Work Environ Health 1989;15:54-59. Associations between occupational activities and low-back pain (LBP) were examined in a retrospective postal survey of 545 randomly ...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":78478420,"asset_id":67770410,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":198285308,"first_name":"Rajneesh","last_name":"Yadav RJ Styles","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RajneeshYadavRJStyles","display_name":"Rajneesh Yadav RJ Styles","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RajneeshYadavRJStyles?f_ri=30494","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":8207,"name":"Risk","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":30494,"name":"England","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/England?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":96959,"name":"Back Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Back_Pain?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":265890,"name":"Scandinavian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scandinavian?f_ri=30494"},{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=30494"},{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1?f_ri=30494"},{"id":609293,"name":"Sciatica","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sciatica?f_ri=30494"},{"id":962276,"name":"Occupational Diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Occupational_Diseases?f_ri=30494"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_79286055" data-work_id="79286055" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/79286055/Corticosteroid_injection_for_shoulder_pain_single_blind_randomized_pilot_trial_in_primary_care">Corticosteroid injection for shoulder pain: single-blind randomized pilot trial in primary care</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background: Shoulder pain is a very common presentation in primary care. Evidence of benefit for subacromial corticosteroid injection is inconclusive and confined largely to studies with short follow-up. We plan a large, definitive,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_79286055" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background: Shoulder pain is a very common presentation in primary care. Evidence of benefit for subacromial corticosteroid injection is inconclusive and confined largely to studies with short follow-up. We plan a large, definitive, primary-care-based trial to determine efficacy and safety in patients with rotator cuff tendinopathy, and conducted a pilot trial to explore feasibility. Methods: Six general practitioners (GPs) from Oxfordshire, UK underwent update training in assessing painful shoulders and injecting the subacromial space. Each then recruited patients aged 35 to 74 years from primary care complaining of shoulder pain lasting no more than 6 months. Eligible participants were randomized to receive either methylprednisolone acetate 40 mg with lidocaine 1% (total volume 1 ml), or lidocaine 1% alone (total volume 1 ml), injected into the subacromial space. The participants were blinded to treatment allocation. Feasibility outcomes were rates of recruitment, withdrawal, adherence to the protocol, completeness of follow-up, and success of patient masking. Clinical outcomes were the Oxford Shoulder Score (OSS) at baseline and at 4 and 12 weeks, and responses to three satisfaction questions at 2, 4 and 12 weeks. Outcome data were collected by postal questionnaires. Results: A total of 40 participants were randomized (80% of the target 50 participants) over 26 weeks giving an overall recruitment rate of 1.5 participants per week. Rates of follow-up were maintained to a high level for the full 12 weeks. Four participants requested a 'rescue' corticosteroid injection but no patients withdrew. The trial GPs gave high scores for their confidence that the patient had remained blinded to treatment allocation during the procedure. The OSS at 4 and 12 weeks and the responses to the satisfaction questions are reported. Conclusions: It is feasible to recruit participants with shoulder pain in the primary care setting for a blinded, randomized trial of corticosteroid injection. Online randomization of participants from the practice is also feasible, and postal questionnaires provide an effective means of gathering outcome data in this area of study. The lessons learned from this pilot will usefully inform the design of a large, definitive efficacy trial in primary care.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/79286055" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b0f306304a10a1062d4a0e157d7c715a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":86052465,"asset_id":79286055,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/86052465/download_file?st=MTc0MDY0NzYxMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="227048" href="https://oxford.academia.edu/StephenGwilym">Stephen Gwilym</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="227048" type="text/json">{"id":227048,"first_name":"Stephen","last_name":"Gwilym","domain_name":"oxford","page_name":"StephenGwilym","display_name":"Stephen Gwilym","profile_url":"https://oxford.academia.edu/StephenGwilym?f_ri=30494","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/227048/155927/181516/s65_stephen.gwilym.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_79286055 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="79286055"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 79286055, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_79286055", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=79286055]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_79286055").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_79286055").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="79286055"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="634" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/General_Practice">General Practice</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="634" type="text/json">{"id":634,"name":"General Practice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/General_Practice?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26327" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26327" type="text/json">{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="30494" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/England">England</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="30494" type="text/json">{"id":30494,"name":"England","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/England?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="40165" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain_Management">Pain Management</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="40165" type="text/json">{"id":40165,"name":"Pain Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain_Management?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=79286055]'), work: {"id":79286055,"title":"Corticosteroid injection for shoulder pain: single-blind randomized pilot trial in primary care","created_at":"2022-05-17T00:49:53.581-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/79286055/Corticosteroid_injection_for_shoulder_pain_single_blind_randomized_pilot_trial_in_primary_care?f_ri=30494","dom_id":"work_79286055","summary":"Background: Shoulder pain is a very common presentation in primary care. Evidence of benefit for subacromial corticosteroid injection is inconclusive and confined largely to studies with short follow-up. We plan a large, definitive, primary-care-based trial to determine efficacy and safety in patients with rotator cuff tendinopathy, and conducted a pilot trial to explore feasibility. Methods: Six general practitioners (GPs) from Oxfordshire, UK underwent update training in assessing painful shoulders and injecting the subacromial space. Each then recruited patients aged 35 to 74 years from primary care complaining of shoulder pain lasting no more than 6 months. Eligible participants were randomized to receive either methylprednisolone acetate 40 mg with lidocaine 1% (total volume 1 ml), or lidocaine 1% alone (total volume 1 ml), injected into the subacromial space. The participants were blinded to treatment allocation. Feasibility outcomes were rates of recruitment, withdrawal, adherence to the protocol, completeness of follow-up, and success of patient masking. Clinical outcomes were the Oxford Shoulder Score (OSS) at baseline and at 4 and 12 weeks, and responses to three satisfaction questions at 2, 4 and 12 weeks. Outcome data were collected by postal questionnaires. Results: A total of 40 participants were randomized (80% of the target 50 participants) over 26 weeks giving an overall recruitment rate of 1.5 participants per week. Rates of follow-up were maintained to a high level for the full 12 weeks. Four participants requested a 'rescue' corticosteroid injection but no patients withdrew. The trial GPs gave high scores for their confidence that the patient had remained blinded to treatment allocation during the procedure. The OSS at 4 and 12 weeks and the responses to the satisfaction questions are reported. Conclusions: It is feasible to recruit participants with shoulder pain in the primary care setting for a blinded, randomized trial of corticosteroid injection. Online randomization of participants from the practice is also feasible, and postal questionnaires provide an effective means of gathering outcome data in this area of study. The lessons learned from this pilot will usefully inform the design of a large, definitive efficacy trial in primary care.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":86052465,"asset_id":79286055,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":227048,"first_name":"Stephen","last_name":"Gwilym","domain_name":"oxford","page_name":"StephenGwilym","display_name":"Stephen Gwilym","profile_url":"https://oxford.academia.edu/StephenGwilym?f_ri=30494","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/227048/155927/181516/s65_stephen.gwilym.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":634,"name":"General Practice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/General_Practice?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":30494,"name":"England","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/England?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":40165,"name":"Pain Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain_Management?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":82854,"name":"Rotator cuff","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rotator_cuff?f_ri=30494"},{"id":100540,"name":"Feasibility Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feasibility_Studies?f_ri=30494"},{"id":144052,"name":"Patient Satisfaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Patient_Satisfaction?f_ri=30494"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=30494"},{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=30494"},{"id":327850,"name":"Questionnaires","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Questionnaires?f_ri=30494"},{"id":413196,"name":"Randomized Controlled Trial","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Randomized_Controlled_Trial?f_ri=30494"},{"id":945595,"name":"Pilot Projects","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pilot_Projects?f_ri=30494"},{"id":1445770,"name":"Analgesics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analgesics?f_ri=30494"},{"id":3539064,"name":"Adrenal cortex hormones","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adrenal_cortex_hormones?f_ri=30494"},{"id":3789879,"name":"Cardiovascular medicine and haematology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cardiovascular_medicine_and_haematology?f_ri=30494"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_71497011" data-work_id="71497011" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/71497011/Central_venous_catheterization">Central venous catheterization</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">I have three concerns about the description of central venous catheterization in the video by Graham et al.(May 24 issue). 1 First, it is misleading to describe the risk of hemothorax as not applicable when the internal jugular approach... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_71497011" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">I have three concerns about the description of central venous catheterization in the video by Graham et al.(May 24 issue). 1 First, it is misleading to describe the risk of hemothorax as not applicable when the internal jugular approach is used, since hemothorax is a known ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/71497011" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8dd02b39b39a88e505c3ef0c93224c0a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":80814131,"asset_id":71497011,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/80814131/download_file?st=MTc0MDY0NzYxMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="37754541" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RoysterRoger">Roger Royster</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="37754541" type="text/json">{"id":37754541,"first_name":"Roger","last_name":"Royster","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RoysterRoger","display_name":"Roger Royster","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RoysterRoger?f_ri=30494","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_71497011 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="71497011"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 71497011, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_71497011", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_71497011 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 71497011; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_71497011"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_71497011 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="71497011"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 71497011; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=71497011]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_71497011").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_71497011").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="71497011"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26327" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26327" type="text/json">{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="30494" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/England">England</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="30494" type="text/json">{"id":30494,"name":"England","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/England?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="43364" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_errors">Medical errors</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="43364" type="text/json">{"id":43364,"name":"Medical errors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_errors?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="177876" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sterilization">Sterilization</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="177876" type="text/json">{"id":177876,"name":"Sterilization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sterilization?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=71497011]'), work: {"id":71497011,"title":"Central venous catheterization","created_at":"2022-02-14T06:28:39.178-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/71497011/Central_venous_catheterization?f_ri=30494","dom_id":"work_71497011","summary":"I have three concerns about the description of central venous catheterization in the video by Graham et al.(May 24 issue). 1 First, it is misleading to describe the risk of hemothorax as not applicable when the internal jugular approach is used, since hemothorax is a known ...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":80814131,"asset_id":71497011,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":37754541,"first_name":"Roger","last_name":"Royster","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RoysterRoger","display_name":"Roger Royster","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RoysterRoger?f_ri=30494","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":30494,"name":"England","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/England?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":43364,"name":"Medical errors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_errors?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":177876,"name":"Sterilization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sterilization?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":228356,"name":"Posture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Posture?f_ri=30494"},{"id":277066,"name":"Head","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Head?f_ri=30494"},{"id":704648,"name":"Clinical Competence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Competence?f_ri=30494"},{"id":847988,"name":"Neck","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neck?f_ri=30494"},{"id":1161066,"name":"New England Journalof Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_England_Journalof_Medicine?f_ri=30494"},{"id":1449382,"name":"CAROTID ARTERY INJURIES","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CAROTID_ARTERY_INJURIES?f_ri=30494"},{"id":2982837,"name":"Hemothorax","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hemothorax?f_ri=30494"},{"id":3763225,"name":"Medical and Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Health_Sciences?f_ri=30494"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_70284413" data-work_id="70284413" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/70284413/Do_guidelines_improve_the_process_and_outcomes_of_care_in_delirium">Do guidelines improve the process and outcomes of care in delirium?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Objective: to develop consensus guidelines for management of delirium and to assess their effectiveness in improving the outcomes and process of care in delirium. Method: guidelines for delirium were developed following a literature... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_70284413" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Objective: to develop consensus guidelines for management of delirium and to assess their effectiveness in improving the outcomes and process of care in delirium. Method: guidelines for delirium were developed following a literature search and a formal multidisciplinary consensus process using a two-stage Delphi technique. The process and outcomes of patients with delirium were then observed in a ' before' (211 patients) and an ' after' study (125 patients). Three levels of intervention were made in the ' after' study. (i) Feedback of baseline data only (low intensity intervention). (ii) As in (i), but also formal distribution of the guidelines to nurses and doctors (medium intensity intervention). (iii) As in (ii), but in addition the guidelines were reinforced with teaching sessions for the nurses and doctors (high intensity intervention). Setting: older people (aged over 65 years) with delirium admitted to acute medical or acute elderly care wards in Wve district general hospitals in England. Results: only in the high intervention group was there an improvement in process and outcome of care, but this failed to reach statistical signiWcance. Conclusion: delirium is a poorly managed condition in older people and guidelines alone fail to improve the process and outcomes of care.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/70284413" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="908c33de7522a63807680e53341f4fcd" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":80102937,"asset_id":70284413,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/80102937/download_file?st=MTc0MDY0NzYxMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="169223178" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JijinGeorge1">Jijin George</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="169223178" type="text/json">{"id":169223178,"first_name":"Jijin","last_name":"George","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JijinGeorge1","display_name":"Jijin George","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JijinGeorge1?f_ri=30494","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_70284413 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="70284413"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 70284413, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_70284413", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_70284413 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 70284413; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_70284413"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_70284413 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="70284413"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 70284413; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=70284413]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_70284413").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_70284413").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="70284413"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="617" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geriatrics">Geriatrics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="617" type="text/json">{"id":617,"name":"Geriatrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geriatrics?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26327" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26327" type="text/json">{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="30494" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/England">England</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="30494" type="text/json">{"id":30494,"name":"England","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/England?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=70284413]'), work: {"id":70284413,"title":"Do guidelines improve the process and outcomes of care in delirium?","created_at":"2022-02-02T13:47:17.519-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/70284413/Do_guidelines_improve_the_process_and_outcomes_of_care_in_delirium?f_ri=30494","dom_id":"work_70284413","summary":"Objective: to develop consensus guidelines for management of delirium and to assess their effectiveness in improving the outcomes and process of care in delirium. Method: guidelines for delirium were developed following a literature search and a formal multidisciplinary consensus process using a two-stage Delphi technique. The process and outcomes of patients with delirium were then observed in a ' before' (211 patients) and an ' after' study (125 patients). Three levels of intervention were made in the ' after' study. (i) Feedback of baseline data only (low intensity intervention). (ii) As in (i), but also formal distribution of the guidelines to nurses and doctors (medium intensity intervention). (iii) As in (ii), but in addition the guidelines were reinforced with teaching sessions for the nurses and doctors (high intensity intervention). Setting: older people (aged over 65 years) with delirium admitted to acute medical or acute elderly care wards in Wve district general hospitals in England. Results: only in the high intervention group was there an improvement in process and outcome of care, but this failed to reach statistical signiWcance. Conclusion: delirium is a poorly managed condition in older people and guidelines alone fail to improve the process and outcomes of care.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":80102937,"asset_id":70284413,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":169223178,"first_name":"Jijin","last_name":"George","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JijinGeorge1","display_name":"Jijin George","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JijinGeorge1?f_ri=30494","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":617,"name":"Geriatrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geriatrics?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":30494,"name":"England","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/England?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":48496,"name":"Delirium","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Delirium?f_ri=30494"},{"id":58569,"name":"Continuing Medical Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Continuing_Medical_Education?f_ri=30494"},{"id":66511,"name":"Older people","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Older_people?f_ri=30494"},{"id":81559,"name":"Scotland","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scotland?f_ri=30494"},{"id":218935,"name":"Group Intervention","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Group_Intervention?f_ri=30494"},{"id":235465,"name":"Guidelines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Guidelines?f_ri=30494"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=30494"},{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=30494"},{"id":355052,"name":"Outcomes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Outcomes?f_ri=30494"},{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1?f_ri=30494"},{"id":584602,"name":"Geriatric Assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geriatric_Assessment?f_ri=30494"},{"id":595797,"name":"Elderly Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elderly_Care?f_ri=30494"},{"id":916211,"name":"Literature Search","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literature_Search?f_ri=30494"},{"id":1214081,"name":"Delphi Technique","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Delphi_Technique?f_ri=30494"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_64679383" data-work_id="64679383" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/64679383/Storytelling_statistics_and_hereditary_thought_the_narrative_support_of_early_statistics">Storytelling, statistics and hereditary thought: the narrative support of early statistics</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper&#x27;s main contention is that some basically methodological developments in science which are apparently distant and unrelated can be seen as part of a sequential story. Focusing on general inferential and epistemological... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_64679383" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper&#x27;s main contention is that some basically methodological developments in science which are apparently distant and unrelated can be seen as part of a sequential story. Focusing on general inferential and epistemological matters, the paper links occurrences separated by both in time and space, by formal and representational issues rather than social or disciplinary links. It focuses on a few limited aspects of several cognitive practices in medical and biological contexts separated by geography, disciplines and decades, but ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/64679383" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6193ef4dc1e897f27447beda1327bf64" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":76604814,"asset_id":64679383,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/76604814/download_file?st=MTc0MDY0NzYxMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="178349158" href="https://independent.academia.edu/CL%C3%B3pezBeltr%C3%A1n">Carlos López Beltrán</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="178349158" type="text/json">{"id":178349158,"first_name":"Carlos","last_name":"López Beltrán","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"CLópezBeltrán","display_name":"Carlos López Beltrán","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/CL%C3%B3pezBeltr%C3%A1n?f_ri=30494","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_64679383 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="64679383"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 64679383, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_64679383", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=64679383]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_64679383").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_64679383").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="64679383"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="803" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy">Philosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="803" type="text/json">{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2568" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Genetics">Medical Genetics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2568" type="text/json">{"id":2568,"name":"Medical Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Genetics?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9588" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Natural_History">Natural History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9588" type="text/json">{"id":9588,"name":"Natural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Natural_History?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="24768" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nineteenth_Century">Nineteenth Century</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="24768" type="text/json">{"id":24768,"name":"Nineteenth Century","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nineteenth_Century?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=64679383]'), work: {"id":64679383,"title":"Storytelling, statistics and hereditary thought: the narrative support of early statistics","created_at":"2021-12-16T19:57:11.576-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/64679383/Storytelling_statistics_and_hereditary_thought_the_narrative_support_of_early_statistics?f_ri=30494","dom_id":"work_64679383","summary":"This paper\u0026#x27;s main contention is that some basically methodological developments in science which are apparently distant and unrelated can be seen as part of a sequential story. Focusing on general inferential and epistemological matters, the paper links occurrences separated by both in time and space, by formal and representational issues rather than social or disciplinary links. It focuses on a few limited aspects of several cognitive practices in medical and biological contexts separated by geography, disciplines and decades, but ...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":76604814,"asset_id":64679383,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":178349158,"first_name":"Carlos","last_name":"López Beltrán","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"CLópezBeltrán","display_name":"Carlos López Beltrán","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/CL%C3%B3pezBeltr%C3%A1n?f_ri=30494","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":2568,"name":"Medical Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Genetics?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":9588,"name":"Natural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Natural_History?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":24768,"name":"Nineteenth Century","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nineteenth_Century?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=30494"},{"id":27336,"name":"France","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/France?f_ri=30494"},{"id":30494,"name":"England","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/England?f_ri=30494"},{"id":63288,"name":"Narration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Narration?f_ri=30494"},{"id":2463496,"name":"Statistics as Topic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Statistics_as_Topic?f_ri=30494"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_63708083" data-work_id="63708083" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/63708083/Why_are_physicians_reluctant_to_use_estrogens_for_anything_or_do_they_prefer_PROFOX">Why are physicians reluctant to use estrogens for anything - or do they prefer 'PROFOX'?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The reluctance of physicians to use estrogens in women with hormone responsive disorders is a tragic result of the 2002 WHI study. Although their hostility to estrogen therapy antedated these studies, the flawed data is now used as... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_63708083" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The reluctance of physicians to use estrogens in women with hormone responsive disorders is a tragic result of the 2002 WHI study. Although their hostility to estrogen therapy antedated these studies, the flawed data is now used as justification for the denial of estrogens for treatment of low bone density and various types of hormone responsive depression in women. Estrogens</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/63708083" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3672d37324c03621b09267a527d5c6c6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":76047902,"asset_id":63708083,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/76047902/download_file?st=MTc0MDY0NzYxMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32976134" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DavidReid22">David Reid</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32976134" type="text/json">{"id":32976134,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Reid","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DavidReid22","display_name":"David Reid","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DavidReid22?f_ri=30494","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32976134/18755946/18716607/s65_david.reid.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_63708083 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="63708083"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 63708083, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_63708083", }); 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Although their hostility to estrogen therapy antedated these studies, the flawed data is now used as justification for the denial of estrogens for treatment of low bone density and various types of hormone responsive depression in women. Estrogens","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":76047902,"asset_id":63708083,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32976134,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Reid","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DavidReid22","display_name":"David Reid","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DavidReid22?f_ri=30494","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32976134/18755946/18716607/s65_david.reid.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3217,"name":"Depression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Depression?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":17836,"name":"Menopause","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Menopause?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":30494,"name":"England","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/England?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":55646,"name":"Postmenopausal Women","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postmenopausal_Women?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":139532,"name":"Bone Density","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bone_Density?f_ri=30494"},{"id":203752,"name":"Randomized Trial","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Randomized_Trial?f_ri=30494"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=30494"},{"id":272426,"name":"Alendronate","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alendronate?f_ri=30494"},{"id":358428,"name":"Estrogens","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Estrogens?f_ri=30494"},{"id":442522,"name":"FLUOXETINE","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/FLUOXETINE?f_ri=30494"},{"id":698785,"name":"Side Effect","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Side_Effect?f_ri=30494"},{"id":2182370,"name":"Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Selective_serotonin_reuptake_inhibitor?f_ri=30494"},{"id":2209417,"name":"Proton Pump Inhibitor","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Proton_Pump_Inhibitor?f_ri=30494"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_55264534" data-work_id="55264534" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/55264534/The_early_stool_patterns_of_young_children_with_autistic_spectrum_disorder">The early stool patterns of young children with autistic spectrum disorder</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Aim: To investigate whether children with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) have bowel symptoms consistent with underlying enterocolitis. Methods: Information on children's stool patterns and gut symptoms collected by questionnaire at 4... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_55264534" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Aim: To investigate whether children with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) have bowel symptoms consistent with underlying enterocolitis. Methods: Information on children's stool patterns and gut symptoms collected by questionnaire at 4 weeks and at 6, 18, 30 and 42 months of age were available for</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/55264534" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ad7b9f486600cea8e87df6784143e854" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":71216859,"asset_id":55264534,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/71216859/download_file?st=MTc0MDY0NzYxMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32612344" href="https://independent.academia.edu/EmondA">A. 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Methods: Information on children's stool patterns and gut symptoms collected by questionnaire at 4 weeks and at 6, 18, 30 and 42 months of age were available for","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":71216859,"asset_id":55264534,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32612344,"first_name":"A.","last_name":"Emond","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"EmondA","display_name":"A. 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System","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education_System?f_ri=30494"},{"id":327850,"name":"Questionnaires","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Questionnaires?f_ri=30494"},{"id":330953,"name":"Longitudinal Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Longitudinal_Studies?f_ri=30494"},{"id":469102,"name":"Feces","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feces?f_ri=30494"},{"id":557260,"name":"Health surveys","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_surveys?f_ri=30494"},{"id":1180715,"name":"Abdominal Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Abdominal_Pain?f_ri=30494"},{"id":1631043,"name":"Control Group","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Control_Group?f_ri=30494"},{"id":1819399,"name":"Case Control Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Case_Control_Studies?f_ri=30494"},{"id":1929419,"name":"Nino","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nino?f_ri=30494"},{"id":2489699,"name":"Autistic disorder","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Autistic_disorder?f_ri=30494"},{"id":2489700,"name":"Child preschool","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_preschool?f_ri=30494"},{"id":3789883,"name":"Paediatrics and reproductive medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paediatrics_and_reproductive_medicine?f_ri=30494"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_47051693" data-work_id="47051693" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/47051693/Proposed_changes_for_nurse_education_in_England_UK_as_a_result_of_the_Darzi_report_DoH_2008a_Health_Quality_Care_for_All_NHS_next_stage_review_final_report_Some_initial_observations">Proposed changes for nurse education in England 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nursing_Education">Nursing Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="86507" type="text/json">{"id":86507,"name":"Nursing Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nursing_Education?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="153039" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nurses">Nurses</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="153039" type="text/json">{"id":153039,"name":"Nurses","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nurses?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=47051693]'), work: {"id":47051693,"title":"Proposed changes for nurse education in England (UK) as a result of the Darzi report (DoH, 2008a) Health Quality Care for All - NHS next stage review final report: Some initial observations","created_at":"2021-04-20T14:55:04.011-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/47051693/Proposed_changes_for_nurse_education_in_England_UK_as_a_result_of_the_Darzi_report_DoH_2008a_Health_Quality_Care_for_All_NHS_next_stage_review_final_report_Some_initial_observations?f_ri=30494","dom_id":"work_47051693","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":66353016,"asset_id":47051693,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":41855357,"first_name":"Karen","last_name":"Holland","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KarenHolland2","display_name":"Karen Holland","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KarenHolland2?f_ri=30494","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/41855357/13117918/14433666/s65_karen.holland.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":588,"name":"Nursing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nursing?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":30494,"name":"England","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/England?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":86507,"name":"Nursing Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nursing_Education?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":153039,"name":"Nurses","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nurses?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":309618,"name":"Preceptorship","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Preceptorship?f_ri=30494"},{"id":508371,"name":"Curriculum and Pedagogy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Curriculum_and_Pedagogy?f_ri=30494"},{"id":3009044,"name":"quality assurance in health care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/quality_assurance_in_health_care?f_ri=30494"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_31920355" data-work_id="31920355" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31920355/The_centennial_of_the_Fenton_reaction">The centennial of the Fenton reaction</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/31920355" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span 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class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="61669195" href="https://independent.academia.edu/WHKoppenol">W. H. Koppenol</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="61669195" type="text/json">{"id":61669195,"first_name":"W. H.","last_name":"Koppenol","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"WHKoppenol","display_name":"W. H. Koppenol","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/WHKoppenol?f_ri=30494","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_31920355 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="31920355"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 31920355, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_31920355", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_31920355 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31920355; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_31920355"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_31920355 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="31920355"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31920355; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31920355]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_31920355").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_31920355").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="31920355"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="128" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History">History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="128" type="text/json">{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="523" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry">Chemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="523" type="text/json">{"id":523,"name":"Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2425" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Free_Radicals">Free Radicals</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2425" type="text/json">{"id":2425,"name":"Free Radicals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Free_Radicals?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8265" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biography">Biography</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="8265" type="text/json">{"id":8265,"name":"Biography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biography?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=31920355]'), work: {"id":31920355,"title":"The centennial of the Fenton reaction","created_at":"2017-03-18T08:03:59.686-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/31920355/The_centennial_of_the_Fenton_reaction?f_ri=30494","dom_id":"work_31920355","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":52200744,"asset_id":31920355,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":61669195,"first_name":"W. 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Koppenol","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/WHKoppenol?f_ri=30494","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":523,"name":"Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":2425,"name":"Free Radicals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Free_Radicals?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":8265,"name":"Biography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biography?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":30494,"name":"England","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/England?f_ri=30494"},{"id":259090,"name":"Oxidative stress and free radical biology and medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxidative_stress_and_free_radical_biology_and_medicine?f_ri=30494"},{"id":274826,"name":"Hydrogen Peroxide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrogen_Peroxide?f_ri=30494"},{"id":1256747,"name":"Oxidation-Reduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxidation-Reduction?f_ri=30494"},{"id":1681026,"name":"Biochemistry and cell biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biochemistry_and_cell_biology?f_ri=30494"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_4930763" data-work_id="4930763" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4930763/Prasugrel_versus_Clopidogrel_in_Patients_with_Acute_Coronary_Syndromes">Prasugrel versus Clopidogrel in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Dual-antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and a thienopyridine is a cornerstone of treatment to prevent thrombotic complications of acute coronary syndromes and percutaneous coronary intervention.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4930763" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="bc92a7ee6a9129e2de7807fd909bb5a2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":32190523,"asset_id":4930763,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen 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1","profile_url":"https://tsinghua.academia.edu/11?f_ri=30494","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6470805/2609597/3031237/s65_1.1.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_4930763 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="4930763"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 4930763, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_4930763", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_4930763 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4930763; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_4930763"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_4930763 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="4930763"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4930763; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=4930763]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_4930763").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_4930763").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="4930763"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23890" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study">Comparative Study</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="23890" type="text/json">{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26327" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26327" type="text/json">{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="30494" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/England">England</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="30494" type="text/json">{"id":30494,"name":"England","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/England?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="61234" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stroke">Stroke</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="61234" type="text/json">{"id":61234,"name":"Stroke","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stroke?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=4930763]'), work: {"id":4930763,"title":"Prasugrel versus Clopidogrel in Patients with Acute Coronary 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Intervention","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Percutaneous_Coronary_Intervention?f_ri=30494"},{"id":378016,"name":"Myocardial Infarction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Myocardial_Infarction?f_ri=30494"},{"id":496063,"name":"Thrombosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thrombosis?f_ri=30494"},{"id":572282,"name":"Combination drug therapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Combination_drug_therapy?f_ri=30494"},{"id":1004785,"name":"Hemorrhage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hemorrhage?f_ri=30494"},{"id":1161066,"name":"New England Journalof Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_England_Journalof_Medicine?f_ri=30494"},{"id":1587858,"name":"Confidence Interval","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Confidence_Interval?f_ri=30494"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_26922316" data-work_id="26922316" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/26922316/Wittgenstein_medicine_and_neuropsychiatry">Wittgenstein, medicine and neuropsychiatry</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A historical review is presented of the link between Ludwig Wittgenstein, considered the most important philosopher of the 20 th century, and medicine, particularly neurology and psychiatry. Wittgenstein worked as a porter at Guy's... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_26922316" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A historical review is presented of the link between Ludwig Wittgenstein, considered the most important philosopher of the 20 th century, and medicine, particularly neurology and psychiatry. Wittgenstein worked as a porter at Guy's Hospital in London, and then as a technician at the Royal Victoria Infirmary in Newcastle. He wrote about his important insights into language, and neuroscience. It has been suggested that he had Asperger syndrome and a possible movement disorder (mannerisms).</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/26922316" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="130192d13f2b939e27250460a0d8c0ec" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47186602,"asset_id":26922316,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47186602/download_file?st=MTc0MDY0NzYxMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="50933962" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RenatoMunhoz3">Renato Munhoz</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="50933962" type="text/json">{"id":50933962,"first_name":"Renato","last_name":"Munhoz","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RenatoMunhoz3","display_name":"Renato Munhoz","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RenatoMunhoz3?f_ri=30494","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_26922316 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="26922316"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 26922316, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_26922316", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26922316]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_26922316").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_26922316").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="26922316"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="237" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="237" type="text/json">{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="803" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy">Philosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="803" type="text/json">{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="30494" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/England">England</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="30494" type="text/json">{"id":30494,"name":"England","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/England?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="37772" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hospitals">Hospitals</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="37772" type="text/json">{"id":37772,"name":"Hospitals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hospitals?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=26922316]'), work: {"id":26922316,"title":"Wittgenstein, medicine and neuropsychiatry","created_at":"2016-07-12T05:53:37.306-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/26922316/Wittgenstein_medicine_and_neuropsychiatry?f_ri=30494","dom_id":"work_26922316","summary":"A historical review is presented of the link between Ludwig Wittgenstein, considered the most important philosopher of the 20 th century, and medicine, particularly neurology and psychiatry. Wittgenstein worked as a porter at Guy's Hospital in London, and then as a technician at the Royal Victoria Infirmary in Newcastle. He wrote about his important insights into language, and neuroscience. It has been suggested that he had Asperger syndrome and a possible movement disorder (mannerisms).","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47186602,"asset_id":26922316,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":50933962,"first_name":"Renato","last_name":"Munhoz","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RenatoMunhoz3","display_name":"Renato Munhoz","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RenatoMunhoz3?f_ri=30494","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":30494,"name":"England","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/England?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":37772,"name":"Hospitals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hospitals?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":72372,"name":"Neuropsychiatry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuropsychiatry?f_ri=30494"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=30494"},{"id":701873,"name":"Asperger Syndrome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Asperger_Syndrome?f_ri=30494"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_25217294" data-work_id="25217294" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25217294/Going_paperless_at_the_emergency_department_A_socio_technical_study_of_an_information_system_for_patient_tracking">Going paperless at the emergency department: A socio-technical study of an information system for patient tracking</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine nurses' attitudes and reflection on the transformation of their workpractices after the implementation of an Emergency Department Information System (EDIS).</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/25217294" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="abf7531f8befcd12397b73ffbcfe781f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45528714,"asset_id":25217294,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45528714/download_file?st=MTc0MDY0NzYxMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="14003" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TimmonsS">Stephen Timmons</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="14003" type="text/json">{"id":14003,"first_name":"Stephen","last_name":"Timmons","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"TimmonsS","display_name":"Stephen Timmons","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/TimmonsS?f_ri=30494","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_25217294 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="25217294"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 25217294, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_25217294", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=25217294]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_25217294").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_25217294").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="25217294"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering">Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="48" type="text/json">{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1212" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Informatics">Medical Informatics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1212" type="text/json">{"id":1212,"name":"Medical Informatics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Informatics?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="30494" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/England">England</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="30494" type="text/json">{"id":30494,"name":"England","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/England?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="222261" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Patients">Patients</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="222261" type="text/json">{"id":222261,"name":"Patients","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Patients?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=25217294]'), work: {"id":25217294,"title":"Going paperless at the emergency department: A socio-technical study of an information system for patient tracking","created_at":"2016-05-10T23:08:56.564-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/25217294/Going_paperless_at_the_emergency_department_A_socio_technical_study_of_an_information_system_for_patient_tracking?f_ri=30494","dom_id":"work_25217294","summary":"Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine nurses' attitudes and reflection on the transformation of their workpractices after the implementation of an Emergency Department Information System (EDIS).","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45528714,"asset_id":25217294,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":14003,"first_name":"Stephen","last_name":"Timmons","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"TimmonsS","display_name":"Stephen Timmons","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/TimmonsS?f_ri=30494","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":1212,"name":"Medical Informatics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Informatics?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":30494,"name":"England","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/England?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":222261,"name":"Patients","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Patients?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":257181,"name":"Hospital Information Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hospital_Information_Systems?f_ri=30494"},{"id":1158716,"name":"Waiting Time","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Waiting_Time?f_ri=30494"},{"id":1435137,"name":"Emergency Department","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emergency_Department?f_ri=30494"},{"id":2213585,"name":"Information System","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_System?f_ri=30494"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_24235473" data-work_id="24235473" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24235473/The_association_between_birth_condition_and_neuropsychological_functioning_and_educational_attainment_at_school_age_a_cohort_study">The association between birth condition and neuropsychological functioning and educational attainment at school age: a cohort study</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Objective Poor condition at birth may impact on IQ, although its effect on other measures of neurodevelopment is unclear. The authors' aim was to determine whether infants receiving resuscitation after birth have reduced scores in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_24235473" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Objective Poor condition at birth may impact on IQ, although its effect on other measures of neurodevelopment is unclear. The authors' aim was to determine whether infants receiving resuscitation after birth have reduced scores in measures of attention, memory and language skills or the need for educational support at school even in the absence of clinical encephalopathy. Methods Three groups of term infants were identifi ed from the Avon longitudinal study of parents and children: infants resuscitated at birth but asymptomatic for encephalopathy (n=612), infants resuscitated who developed symptoms of encephalopathy (n=40) and the reference infants who were not resuscitated and had no further neonatal care (n=8080). Measures of attention, language, memory and the need for educational support were obtained for children between 8 years and 11 years. Test results (standardised to a mean of 100 and SD of 15) were adjusted for clinical and social covariates. Missing covariate data were imputed using chained equations. Results Infants asymptomatic after resuscitation had similar scores to those not requiring resuscitation for all measures while infants who developed encephalopathy had lower working memory (−6.65 (−12.34 to −0.96)), reading accuracy (−7.95 (−13.28 to −2.63)) and comprehension (−9.32 (−14.47 to −4.17) scores and increased risk of receiving educational support (OR 6.24 (1.52 to 26.43)) than infants thought to be well at birth, although there was little evidence for an association after excluding infants who developed cerebral palsy. Conclusions The authors found no evidence that infants who were resuscitated but remained well afterwards differed from those not requiring resuscitation in the aspects of neuropsychological functioning assessed in this study. Infants who developed neonatal encephalopathy had evidence of worse functioning, particularly in language skills and were more likely to receive educational support at school.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/24235473" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ba4a1280341f7bf28566732ec22f4831" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44569084,"asset_id":24235473,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44569084/download_file?st=MTc0MDY0NzYxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="46589318" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DavidOdd">David Odd</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="46589318" type="text/json">{"id":46589318,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Odd","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DavidOdd","display_name":"David Odd","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DavidOdd?f_ri=30494","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_24235473 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="24235473"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 24235473, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_24235473", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=24235473]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_24235473").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_24235473").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="24235473"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1062" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Special_Education">Special Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1062" type="text/json">{"id":1062,"name":"Special Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Special_Education?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7736" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Attention">Attention</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7736" type="text/json">{"id":7736,"name":"Attention","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Attention?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8538" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Working_Memory">Working Memory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8538" type="text/json">{"id":8538,"name":"Working Memory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Working_Memory?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17845" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cerebral_Palsy">Cerebral Palsy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="17845" type="text/json">{"id":17845,"name":"Cerebral Palsy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cerebral_Palsy?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=24235473]'), work: {"id":24235473,"title":"The association between birth condition and neuropsychological functioning and educational attainment at school age: a cohort study","created_at":"2016-04-09T08:57:13.786-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/24235473/The_association_between_birth_condition_and_neuropsychological_functioning_and_educational_attainment_at_school_age_a_cohort_study?f_ri=30494","dom_id":"work_24235473","summary":"Objective Poor condition at birth may impact on IQ, although its effect on other measures of neurodevelopment is unclear. The authors' aim was to determine whether infants receiving resuscitation after birth have reduced scores in measures of attention, memory and language skills or the need for educational support at school even in the absence of clinical encephalopathy. Methods Three groups of term infants were identifi ed from the Avon longitudinal study of parents and children: infants resuscitated at birth but asymptomatic for encephalopathy (n=612), infants resuscitated who developed symptoms of encephalopathy (n=40) and the reference infants who were not resuscitated and had no further neonatal care (n=8080). Measures of attention, language, memory and the need for educational support were obtained for children between 8 years and 11 years. Test results (standardised to a mean of 100 and SD of 15) were adjusted for clinical and social covariates. Missing covariate data were imputed using chained equations. Results Infants asymptomatic after resuscitation had similar scores to those not requiring resuscitation for all measures while infants who developed encephalopathy had lower working memory (−6.65 (−12.34 to −0.96)), reading accuracy (−7.95 (−13.28 to −2.63)) and comprehension (−9.32 (−14.47 to −4.17) scores and increased risk of receiving educational support (OR 6.24 (1.52 to 26.43)) than infants thought to be well at birth, although there was little evidence for an association after excluding infants who developed cerebral palsy. Conclusions The authors found no evidence that infants who were resuscitated but remained well afterwards differed from those not requiring resuscitation in the aspects of neuropsychological functioning assessed in this study. Infants who developed neonatal encephalopathy had evidence of worse functioning, particularly in language skills and were more likely to receive educational support at school.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44569084,"asset_id":24235473,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":46589318,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Odd","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DavidOdd","display_name":"David Odd","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DavidOdd?f_ri=30494","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1062,"name":"Special Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Special_Education?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":7736,"name":"Attention","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Attention?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":8538,"name":"Working Memory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Working_Memory?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":17845,"name":"Cerebral Palsy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cerebral_Palsy?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":30494,"name":"England","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/England?f_ri=30494"},{"id":86085,"name":"Language Skills","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Language_Skills?f_ri=30494"},{"id":99698,"name":"Resuscitation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Resuscitation?f_ri=30494"},{"id":129580,"name":"Functional Assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Functional_Assessment?f_ri=30494"},{"id":131185,"name":"Cohort Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cohort_Study?f_ri=30494"},{"id":137145,"name":"Developmental disabilities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developmental_disabilities?f_ri=30494"},{"id":145675,"name":"Standardisation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Standardisation?f_ri=30494"},{"id":214515,"name":"Educational Attainment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Educational_Attainment?f_ri=30494"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=30494"},{"id":253560,"name":"Newborn Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Newborn_Infant?f_ri=30494"},{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1?f_ri=30494"},{"id":414843,"name":"Longitudinal Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Longitudinal_Study?f_ri=30494"},{"id":489727,"name":"Prognosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prognosis?f_ri=30494"},{"id":546421,"name":"Educational Status","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Educational_Status?f_ri=30494"},{"id":974411,"name":"Memory Disorders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Memory_Disorders?f_ri=30494"},{"id":1627527,"name":"Cognition disorders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognition_disorders?f_ri=30494"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_22313329" data-work_id="22313329" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/22313329/Conducting_research_on_acute_mental_health_admission_wards">Conducting research on acute mental health admission wards</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">A group of researchers investigated medication (drug) rounds on mental health admission wards in response to the dearth of research into the subject.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/22313329" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="10797db719b7fd759467858984b3bce2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42952588,"asset_id":22313329,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42952588/download_file?st=MTc0MDY0NzYxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="20765324" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JDuxbury">Joy Duxbury</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="20765324" type="text/json">{"id":20765324,"first_name":"Joy","last_name":"Duxbury","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JDuxbury","display_name":"Joy Duxbury","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JDuxbury?f_ri=30494","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/20765324/5743527/6530419/s65_joy.duxbury.jpg_oh_325b9091cc56fa1d371077bfb1895763_oe_54f76a71___gda___1425090606_88017d769de1ef6b49d0ec10eea733c1"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_22313329 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="22313329"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 22313329, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_22313329", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_22313329 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 22313329; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_22313329"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_22313329 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="22313329"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 22313329; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=22313329]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_22313329").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_22313329").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="22313329"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="588" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nursing">Nursing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="588" type="text/json">{"id":588,"name":"Nursing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nursing?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2066" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Research_Design">Research Design</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2066" type="text/json">{"id":2066,"name":"Research Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Research_Design?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3043" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trust">Trust</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3043" type="text/json">{"id":3043,"name":"Trust","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trust?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8562" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Informed_Consent">Informed Consent</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="8562" type="text/json">{"id":8562,"name":"Informed Consent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Informed_Consent?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=22313329]'), work: {"id":22313329,"title":"Conducting research on acute mental health admission wards","created_at":"2016-02-22T15:52:05.606-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/22313329/Conducting_research_on_acute_mental_health_admission_wards?f_ri=30494","dom_id":"work_22313329","summary":"A group of researchers investigated medication (drug) rounds on mental health admission wards in response to the dearth of research into the subject.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42952588,"asset_id":22313329,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":20765324,"first_name":"Joy","last_name":"Duxbury","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JDuxbury","display_name":"Joy Duxbury","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JDuxbury?f_ri=30494","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/20765324/5743527/6530419/s65_joy.duxbury.jpg_oh_325b9091cc56fa1d371077bfb1895763_oe_54f76a71___gda___1425090606_88017d769de1ef6b49d0ec10eea733c1"}],"research_interests":[{"id":588,"name":"Nursing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nursing?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":2066,"name":"Research Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Research_Design?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":3043,"name":"Trust","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trust?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":8562,"name":"Informed Consent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Informed_Consent?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":12135,"name":"Qualitative Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Qualitative_Research?f_ri=30494"},{"id":30494,"name":"England","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/England?f_ri=30494"},{"id":153168,"name":"Data Collection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Data_Collection?f_ri=30494"},{"id":171144,"name":"Mental Disorders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Disorders?f_ri=30494"},{"id":194640,"name":"Patient Admission","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Patient_Admission?f_ri=30494"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_18324742" data-work_id="18324742" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18324742/Overlap_and_Dissociation_of_Semantic_Processing_of_Chinese_Characters_English_Words_and_Pictures_Evidence_from_fMRI">Overlap and Dissociation of Semantic Processing of Chinese Characters, English Words, and Pictures: Evidence from fMRI</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The functional anatomy of Chinese character processing was investigated using fMRI. Right-handed Mandarin-English bilingual participants made either semantic or perceptual size judgements with characters and pictures. Areas jointly... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_18324742" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The functional anatomy of Chinese character processing was investigated using fMRI. Right-handed Mandarin-English bilingual participants made either semantic or perceptual size judgements with characters and pictures. Areas jointly activated by character and picture semantic tasks compared to size judgement tasks included the left prefrontal region (BA 9, 44, 45), left posterior temporal, left fusiform, and left parietal regions. Character processing produced greater activation than picture processing in the left mid and posterior temporal as well as left prefrontal regions. The lateral occipital regions were more active during picture semantic processing than character semantic processing. A similar pattern of activation and contrasts was observed when English words and pictures were compared in another set of bilingual participants. However, there was less contrast between word and picture semantic processing than between character and picture processing in the left prefrontal region. When character and word semantic processing were compared directly in a third group, the loci of activation peaks was similar in both languages but Chinese character semantic processing was associated with a larger MR signal change. The semantic processing of Chinese characters, English words, and pictures activates a common semantic system within which there are modality-specific differences. The semantic processing of Chinese characters more closely resembles English words than pictures.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/18324742" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="177899e090796c084a8249a939f16321" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42196906,"asset_id":18324742,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42196906/download_file?st=MTc0MDY0NzYxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="38317067" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BrendanWeekes">Brendan Weekes</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="38317067" type="text/json">{"id":38317067,"first_name":"Brendan","last_name":"Weekes","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BrendanWeekes","display_name":"Brendan Weekes","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BrendanWeekes?f_ri=30494","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_18324742 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="18324742"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 18324742, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_18324742", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18324742]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_18324742").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_18324742").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="18324742"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2349" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Semantics">Semantics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2349" type="text/json">{"id":2349,"name":"Semantics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Semantics?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4307" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavior">Behavior</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4307" type="text/json">{"id":4307,"name":"Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavior?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5111" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Character_Recognition">Character Recognition</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5111" type="text/json">{"id":5111,"name":"Character Recognition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Character_Recognition?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5359" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_perception">Visual perception</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5359" type="text/json">{"id":5359,"name":"Visual perception","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_perception?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=18324742]'), work: {"id":18324742,"title":"Overlap and Dissociation of Semantic Processing of Chinese Characters, English Words, and Pictures: Evidence from fMRI","created_at":"2015-11-14T06:45:15.718-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/18324742/Overlap_and_Dissociation_of_Semantic_Processing_of_Chinese_Characters_English_Words_and_Pictures_Evidence_from_fMRI?f_ri=30494","dom_id":"work_18324742","summary":"The functional anatomy of Chinese character processing was investigated using fMRI. Right-handed Mandarin-English bilingual participants made either semantic or perceptual size judgements with characters and pictures. Areas jointly activated by character and picture semantic tasks compared to size judgement tasks included the left prefrontal region (BA 9, 44, 45), left posterior temporal, left fusiform, and left parietal regions. Character processing produced greater activation than picture processing in the left mid and posterior temporal as well as left prefrontal regions. The lateral occipital regions were more active during picture semantic processing than character semantic processing. A similar pattern of activation and contrasts was observed when English words and pictures were compared in another set of bilingual participants. However, there was less contrast between word and picture semantic processing than between character and picture processing in the left prefrontal region. When character and word semantic processing were compared directly in a third group, the loci of activation peaks was similar in both languages but Chinese character semantic processing was associated with a larger MR signal change. The semantic processing of Chinese characters, English words, and pictures activates a common semantic system within which there are modality-specific differences. The semantic processing of Chinese characters more closely resembles English words than pictures.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42196906,"asset_id":18324742,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":38317067,"first_name":"Brendan","last_name":"Weekes","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BrendanWeekes","display_name":"Brendan Weekes","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BrendanWeekes?f_ri=30494","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2349,"name":"Semantics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Semantics?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":4307,"name":"Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavior?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":5111,"name":"Character Recognition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Character_Recognition?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":5359,"name":"Visual perception","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_perception?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":6200,"name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging?f_ri=30494"},{"id":9189,"name":"Semantic Memory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Semantic_Memory?f_ri=30494"},{"id":12108,"name":"China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China?f_ri=30494"},{"id":18174,"name":"Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Language?f_ri=30494"},{"id":30494,"name":"England","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/England?f_ri=30494"},{"id":46118,"name":"Handwriting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Handwriting?f_ri=30494"},{"id":82283,"name":"Form perception","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Form_perception?f_ri=30494"},{"id":103260,"name":"Neuroimage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroimage?f_ri=30494"},{"id":142889,"name":"Mental processes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_processes?f_ri=30494"},{"id":235085,"name":"Semantic Processing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Semantic_Processing?f_ri=30494"},{"id":1274453,"name":"Right Handed","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Right_Handed?f_ri=30494"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3515544" data-work_id="3515544" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3515544/Explanations_in_consultations_the_combined_effectiveness_of_doctors_and_nurses_communication_with_patients">Explanations in consultations: the combined effectiveness of doctors' and nurses' communication with patients</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background Multidisciplinary and interprofessional working is currently a priority in health care policy, in caring for patients and in health professional education. Realising multidisciplinary approaches presents challenges in the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_3515544" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background Multidisciplinary and interprofessional working is currently a priority in health care policy, in caring for patients and in health professional education. Realising multidisciplinary approaches presents challenges in the context of changes in doctors' and nurses' roles and the increased emphasis placed on communication with patients. In communication in consultations, explanations are employed in the service of numerous activities, including decision making, diagnosis and physical examination, but they have been little studied.Setting This paper presents findings from a comparative study of doctors' and nurses' communication with patients in multidisciplinary health care, focusing on diabetes in primary care.Methods Video- and audio-recorded consultations were subjected to conversation analysis. Output from discussion groups with patient representatives and health professionals underwent qualitative analysis.Findings Distinctive features of explanations in nurses' and doctors' consultations with patients were identified. These can be understood by reference to patterns of communication. Nurses' communication was mediated by patients' contributions; doctors' communication gave an overarching direction to the consultation as a whole. While nurses' explanations began from the viewpoint of a patient's responsibility and behaviour, doctors' explanations began from the viewpoint of biomedical intervention. Their consultations lent different opportunities for patients' involvement.Conclusion Nurses' and doctors' communications each exhibit their own distinct features. Specification of these features, when considered in the context of a particular consultation activity such as explanations, allows both recognition of the distinct contributions each profession can offer and identification of ways of combining these to maximum effect. This has implications for policy, for practice and for interprofessional education.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3515544" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="449a37fd60ff0222d032d1017de897a4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50254839,"asset_id":3515544,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50254839/download_file?st=MTc0MDY0NzYxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4141745" href="https://uniqld.academia.edu/SarahCollins">Sarah Collins</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4141745" type="text/json">{"id":4141745,"first_name":"Sarah","last_name":"Collins","domain_name":"uniqld","page_name":"SarahCollins","display_name":"Sarah Collins","profile_url":"https://uniqld.academia.edu/SarahCollins?f_ri=30494","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3515544 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3515544"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3515544, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3515544", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3515544]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_3515544").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_3515544").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="3515544"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="859" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communication">Communication</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="859" type="text/json">{"id":859,"name":"Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communication?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="922" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education">Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="922" type="text/json">{"id":922,"name":"Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4455" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Education">Medical Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4455" type="text/json">{"id":4455,"name":"Medical Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Education?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="25469" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Family_Practice">Family Practice</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="25469" type="text/json">{"id":25469,"name":"Family Practice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Family_Practice?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=3515544]'), work: {"id":3515544,"title":"Explanations in consultations: the combined effectiveness of doctors' and nurses' communication with patients","created_at":"2013-05-11T21:25:39.798-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/3515544/Explanations_in_consultations_the_combined_effectiveness_of_doctors_and_nurses_communication_with_patients?f_ri=30494","dom_id":"work_3515544","summary":"Background Multidisciplinary and interprofessional working is currently a priority in health care policy, in caring for patients and in health professional education. Realising multidisciplinary approaches presents challenges in the context of changes in doctors' and nurses' roles and the increased emphasis placed on communication with patients. In communication in consultations, explanations are employed in the service of numerous activities, including decision making, diagnosis and physical examination, but they have been little studied.Setting This paper presents findings from a comparative study of doctors' and nurses' communication with patients in multidisciplinary health care, focusing on diabetes in primary care.Methods Video- and audio-recorded consultations were subjected to conversation analysis. Output from discussion groups with patient representatives and health professionals underwent qualitative analysis.Findings Distinctive features of explanations in nurses' and doctors' consultations with patients were identified. These can be understood by reference to patterns of communication. Nurses' communication was mediated by patients' contributions; doctors' communication gave an overarching direction to the consultation as a whole. While nurses' explanations began from the viewpoint of a patient's responsibility and behaviour, doctors' explanations began from the viewpoint of biomedical intervention. Their consultations lent different opportunities for patients' involvement.Conclusion Nurses' and doctors' communications each exhibit their own distinct features. Specification of these features, when considered in the context of a particular consultation activity such as explanations, allows both recognition of the distinct contributions each profession can offer and identification of ways of combining these to maximum effect. This has implications for policy, for practice and for interprofessional education.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50254839,"asset_id":3515544,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4141745,"first_name":"Sarah","last_name":"Collins","domain_name":"uniqld","page_name":"SarahCollins","display_name":"Sarah Collins","profile_url":"https://uniqld.academia.edu/SarahCollins?f_ri=30494","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":859,"name":"Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communication?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":922,"name":"Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":4455,"name":"Medical Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Education?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":25469,"name":"Family Practice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Family_Practice?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":30494,"name":"England","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/England?f_ri=30494"},{"id":71300,"name":"Blood Glucose","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Blood_Glucose?f_ri=30494"},{"id":71511,"name":"Diabetes mellitus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diabetes_mellitus?f_ri=30494"},{"id":704648,"name":"Clinical Competence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Competence?f_ri=30494"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_76294468" data-work_id="76294468" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/76294468/When_walking_in_nature_is_not_restorative_The_role_of_prospect_and_refuge">When walking in nature is not restorative—The role of prospect and refuge</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">. When walking in nature is not restorative-The role of prospect and refuge. Health & Place, 20,[91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100][101] When walking in nature is not restorative -the role of prospect and refuge</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/76294468" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7070adeaa89fd6bbb4fcb04d6ff8151a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":84045686,"asset_id":76294468,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/84045686/download_file?st=MTc0MDY0NzYxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1863117" href="https://surrey.academia.edu/BirgittaGatersleben">Birgitta Gatersleben</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1863117" type="text/json">{"id":1863117,"first_name":"Birgitta","last_name":"Gatersleben","domain_name":"surrey","page_name":"BirgittaGatersleben","display_name":"Birgitta Gatersleben","profile_url":"https://surrey.academia.edu/BirgittaGatersleben?f_ri=30494","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1863117/2670683/3108485/s65_birgitta.gatersleben.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_76294468 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="76294468"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 76294468, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_76294468", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=76294468]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_76294468").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_76294468").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="76294468"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="262" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Geography">Human Geography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="262" type="text/json">{"id":262,"name":"Human Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Geography?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22506" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent">Adolescent</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="22506" type="text/json">{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="30494" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/England">England</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="30494" type="text/json">{"id":30494,"name":"England","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/England?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="33319" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nature">Nature</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="33319" type="text/json">{"id":33319,"name":"Nature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nature?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=76294468]'), work: {"id":76294468,"title":"When walking in nature is not restorative—The role of prospect and refuge","created_at":"2022-04-13T00:19:13.000-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/76294468/When_walking_in_nature_is_not_restorative_The_role_of_prospect_and_refuge?f_ri=30494","dom_id":"work_76294468","summary":". When walking in nature is not restorative-The role of prospect and refuge. Health \u0026 Place, 20,[91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100][101] When walking in nature is not restorative -the role of prospect and refuge","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":84045686,"asset_id":76294468,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1863117,"first_name":"Birgitta","last_name":"Gatersleben","domain_name":"surrey","page_name":"BirgittaGatersleben","display_name":"Birgitta Gatersleben","profile_url":"https://surrey.academia.edu/BirgittaGatersleben?f_ri=30494","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1863117/2670683/3108485/s65_birgitta.gatersleben.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":262,"name":"Human Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Geography?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":30494,"name":"England","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/England?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":33319,"name":"Nature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nature?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":73118,"name":"Walking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Walking?f_ri=30494"},{"id":133057,"name":"Young Adult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Young_Adult?f_ri=30494"},{"id":327850,"name":"Questionnaires","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Questionnaires?f_ri=30494"},{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1?f_ri=30494"},{"id":411481,"name":"Health and Place","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_and_Place?f_ri=30494"},{"id":468209,"name":"Videotape Recording","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Videotape_Recording?f_ri=30494"},{"id":510123,"name":"Mental Fatigue","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Fatigue?f_ri=30494"},{"id":1201074,"name":"Psychological Stress","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychological_Stress?f_ri=30494"},{"id":1208706,"name":"Environment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environment?f_ri=30494"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_71440731" data-work_id="71440731" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/71440731/Colonoscopy_versus_Fecal_Immunochemical_Testing_in_Colorectal_Cancer_Screening">Colonoscopy versus Fecal Immunochemical Testing in Colorectal-Cancer Screening</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background Colonoscopy and fecal immunochemical testing (FIT) are accepted strategies for colorectal-cancer screening in the average-risk population. Methods In this randomized, controlled trial involving asymptomatic adults 50 to 69... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_71440731" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background Colonoscopy and fecal immunochemical testing (FIT) are accepted strategies for colorectal-cancer screening in the average-risk population. Methods In this randomized, controlled trial involving asymptomatic adults 50 to 69 years of age, we compared one-time colonoscopy in 26,703 subjects with FIT every 2 years in 26,599 subjects. The primary outcome was the rate of death from colorectal cancer at 10 years. This interim report describes rates of participation, diagnostic findings, and occurrence of major complications at completion of the baseline screening. Study outcomes were analyzed in both intention-to-screen and as-screened populations. Results The rate of participation was higher in the FIT group than in the colonoscopy group (34.2% vs. 24.6%, P<0.001). Colorectal cancer was found in 30 subjects (0.1%) in the colonoscopy group and 33 subjects (0.1%) in the FIT group (odds ratio, 0.99; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.61 to 1.64; P = 0.99). Advanced adenomas were detected in 514 subjects (1.9%) in the colonoscopy group and 231 subjects (0.9%) in the FIT group (odds ratio, 2.30; 95% CI, 1.97 to 2.69; P<0.001), and nonadvanced adenomas were detected in 1109 subjects (4.2%) in the colonoscopy group and 119 subjects (0.4%) in the FIT group (odds ratio, 9.80; 95% CI, 8.10 to 11.85; P<0.001). Conclusions Subjects in the FIT group were more likely to participate in screening than were those in the colonoscopy group. On the baseline screening examination, the numbers of subjects in whom colorectal cancer was detected were similar in the two study groups, but more adenomas were identified in the colonoscopy group.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/71440731" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b5db8d6cdd09a00f4cd448a0298d489e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":80782401,"asset_id":71440731,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/80782401/download_file?st=MTc0MDY0NzYxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="102822687" href="https://sergas.academia.edu/FelipeIglesias">Felipe Iglesias</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="102822687" type="text/json">{"id":102822687,"first_name":"Felipe","last_name":"Iglesias","domain_name":"sergas","page_name":"FelipeIglesias","display_name":"Felipe Iglesias","profile_url":"https://sergas.academia.edu/FelipeIglesias?f_ri=30494","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/102822687/28989635/27042990/s65_felipe.iglesias.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_71440731 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="71440731"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 71440731, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_71440731", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_71440731 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 71440731; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_71440731"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_71440731 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="71440731"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 71440731; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=71440731]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_71440731").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_71440731").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="71440731"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12071" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunohistochemistry">Immunohistochemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12071" type="text/json">{"id":12071,"name":"Immunohistochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunohistochemistry?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="30494" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/England">England</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="30494" type="text/json">{"id":30494,"name":"England","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/England?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="227324" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colonoscopy">Colonoscopy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="227324" type="text/json">{"id":227324,"name":"Colonoscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colonoscopy?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="244814" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences">Clinical Sciences</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="244814" type="text/json">{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=71440731]'), work: {"id":71440731,"title":"Colonoscopy versus Fecal Immunochemical Testing in Colorectal-Cancer Screening","created_at":"2022-02-13T23:43:22.981-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/71440731/Colonoscopy_versus_Fecal_Immunochemical_Testing_in_Colorectal_Cancer_Screening?f_ri=30494","dom_id":"work_71440731","summary":"Background Colonoscopy and fecal immunochemical testing (FIT) are accepted strategies for colorectal-cancer screening in the average-risk population. Methods In this randomized, controlled trial involving asymptomatic adults 50 to 69 years of age, we compared one-time colonoscopy in 26,703 subjects with FIT every 2 years in 26,599 subjects. The primary outcome was the rate of death from colorectal cancer at 10 years. This interim report describes rates of participation, diagnostic findings, and occurrence of major complications at completion of the baseline screening. Study outcomes were analyzed in both intention-to-screen and as-screened populations. Results The rate of participation was higher in the FIT group than in the colonoscopy group (34.2% vs. 24.6%, P\u003c0.001). Colorectal cancer was found in 30 subjects (0.1%) in the colonoscopy group and 33 subjects (0.1%) in the FIT group (odds ratio, 0.99; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.61 to 1.64; P = 0.99). Advanced adenomas were detected in 514 subjects (1.9%) in the colonoscopy group and 231 subjects (0.9%) in the FIT group (odds ratio, 2.30; 95% CI, 1.97 to 2.69; P\u003c0.001), and nonadvanced adenomas were detected in 1109 subjects (4.2%) in the colonoscopy group and 119 subjects (0.4%) in the FIT group (odds ratio, 9.80; 95% CI, 8.10 to 11.85; P\u003c0.001). Conclusions Subjects in the FIT group were more likely to participate in screening than were those in the colonoscopy group. On the baseline screening examination, the numbers of subjects in whom colorectal cancer was detected were similar in the two study groups, but more adenomas were identified in the colonoscopy group.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":80782401,"asset_id":71440731,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":102822687,"first_name":"Felipe","last_name":"Iglesias","domain_name":"sergas","page_name":"FelipeIglesias","display_name":"Felipe Iglesias","profile_url":"https://sergas.academia.edu/FelipeIglesias?f_ri=30494","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/102822687/28989635/27042990/s65_felipe.iglesias.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":12071,"name":"Immunohistochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunohistochemistry?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":30494,"name":"England","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/England?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":227324,"name":"Colonoscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colonoscopy?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=30494"},{"id":901876,"name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sensitivity_and_Specificity?f_ri=30494"},{"id":963748,"name":"Adenoma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adenoma?f_ri=30494"},{"id":1161066,"name":"New England Journalof Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_England_Journalof_Medicine?f_ri=30494"},{"id":2440562,"name":"Colorectal Neoplasms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colorectal_Neoplasms?f_ri=30494"},{"id":2950832,"name":"Early detection of cancer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_detection_of_cancer?f_ri=30494"},{"id":3763225,"name":"Medical and Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Health_Sciences?f_ri=30494"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_71163397" data-work_id="71163397" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/71163397/The_emotions_of_integrating_breastfeeding_knowledge_into_practice_for_English_midwives_a_qualitative_study">The emotions of integrating breastfeeding knowledge into practice for English midwives: a qualitative study</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Breastfeeding prevalence in the United Kingdom is one of the lowest in Europe. The midwife provides feeding support for new mothers but research suggests that midwives&#39; knowledge of breastfeeding is limited. To discover the views of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_71163397" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Breastfeeding prevalence in the United Kingdom is one of the lowest in Europe. The midwife provides feeding support for new mothers but research suggests that midwives&#39; knowledge of breastfeeding is limited. To discover the views of English midwives in relation to their breastfeeding support role. Qualitative design. Two maternity hospitals in Northwest England. Thirty midwives who cared for normal, healthy babies. Midwives were selected for interview using theoretical sampling principles from a pool of midwives who volunteered. Volunteers were accessed using a poster exhibited in relevant clinical areas. Data were collected using audiotaped, in-depth interviews and were analysed using constant comparison techniques. The study highlights that differing professional knowledge and beliefs about breastfeeding support created intense, mainly negative, emotions for these midwives. Irritation and despair was experienced with the greater emphasis placed on research, rather than practic...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/71163397" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="10080e202ed73f5210b5e7c0033e37ca" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":80630359,"asset_id":71163397,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/80630359/download_file?st=MTc0MDY0NzYxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="58649458" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ChristineFurber">Christine Furber</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="58649458" type="text/json">{"id":58649458,"first_name":"Christine","last_name":"Furber","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ChristineFurber","display_name":"Christine Furber","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ChristineFurber?f_ri=30494","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_71163397 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="71163397"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 71163397, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_71163397", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_71163397 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 71163397; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_71163397"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_71163397 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="71163397"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 71163397; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=71163397]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_71163397").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_71163397").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="71163397"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="588" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nursing">Nursing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="588" type="text/json">{"id":588,"name":"Nursing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nursing?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26327" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26327" type="text/json">{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="30494" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/England">England</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="30494" type="text/json">{"id":30494,"name":"England","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/England?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="42162" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emotions">Emotions</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="42162" type="text/json">{"id":42162,"name":"Emotions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emotions?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=71163397]'), work: {"id":71163397,"title":"The emotions of integrating breastfeeding knowledge into practice for English midwives: a qualitative study","created_at":"2022-02-11T23:35:55.014-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/71163397/The_emotions_of_integrating_breastfeeding_knowledge_into_practice_for_English_midwives_a_qualitative_study?f_ri=30494","dom_id":"work_71163397","summary":"Breastfeeding prevalence in the United Kingdom is one of the lowest in Europe. The midwife provides feeding support for new mothers but research suggests that midwives\u0026#39; knowledge of breastfeeding is limited. To discover the views of English midwives in relation to their breastfeeding support role. Qualitative design. Two maternity hospitals in Northwest England. Thirty midwives who cared for normal, healthy babies. Midwives were selected for interview using theoretical sampling principles from a pool of midwives who volunteered. Volunteers were accessed using a poster exhibited in relevant clinical areas. Data were collected using audiotaped, in-depth interviews and were analysed using constant comparison techniques. The study highlights that differing professional knowledge and beliefs about breastfeeding support created intense, mainly negative, emotions for these midwives. Irritation and despair was experienced with the greater emphasis placed on research, rather than practic...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":80630359,"asset_id":71163397,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":58649458,"first_name":"Christine","last_name":"Furber","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ChristineFurber","display_name":"Christine Furber","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ChristineFurber?f_ri=30494","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":588,"name":"Nursing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nursing?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":30494,"name":"England","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/England?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":42162,"name":"Emotions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emotions?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":443581,"name":"Breast feeding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Breast_feeding?f_ri=30494"},{"id":449762,"name":"Nursing Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nursing_Studies?f_ri=30494"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_70538807" data-work_id="70538807" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/70538807/Estimation_of_blood_glucose_levels_by_people_with_diabetes_a_cross_sectional_study">Estimation of blood glucose levels by people with diabetes: a cross-sectional study</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">BACKGROUND Recommendations suggest that all patients with diabetes who use insulin should home test their blood glucose. Recommendations for those not using insulin remain contradictory. These recommendations are in part based upon the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_70538807" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">BACKGROUND Recommendations suggest that all patients with diabetes who use insulin should home test their blood glucose. Recommendations for those not using insulin remain contradictory. These recommendations are in part based upon the assumption that people with diabetes cannot make an accurate estimate. AIM To explore whether people with diabetes can accurately estimate their blood glucose levels and to assess which factors explain variability in these estimates. DESIGN A cross-sectional design. SETTING One general practice in Oxfordshire, UK. PARTICIPANTS One hundred and fifteen consecutive patients with diabetes attending a diabetic clinic were invited to estimate their blood glucose level prior to having it routinely measured. RESULTS One hundred and four patients made estimates. Of these, 45 (43.3%) underestimated their blood glucose, 18 (17.3%) overestimated, and 41 (39.4%) made guesses that fell into the range defined as accurate. Of those not using insulin (n = 85), 37 (43....</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/70538807" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e9715ce26cd112a4e892da72b6eb72de" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":80249707,"asset_id":70538807,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/80249707/download_file?st=MTc0MDY0NzYxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="714833" href="https://surrey.academia.edu/JaneOgden">Jane Ogden</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="714833" type="text/json">{"id":714833,"first_name":"Jane","last_name":"Ogden","domain_name":"surrey","page_name":"JaneOgden","display_name":"Jane Ogden","profile_url":"https://surrey.academia.edu/JaneOgden?f_ri=30494","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/714833/242880/138183546/s65_jane.ogden.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_70538807 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="70538807"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 70538807, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_70538807", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_70538807 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 70538807; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_70538807"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_70538807 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="70538807"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 70538807; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=70538807]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_70538807").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_70538807").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="70538807"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="260" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Psychology">Health Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="260" type="text/json">{"id":260,"name":"Health Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Psychology?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="633" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Primary_Care">Primary Care</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="633" type="text/json">{"id":633,"name":"Primary Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Primary_Care?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2974" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Primary_Health_Care">Primary Health Care</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2974" type="text/json">{"id":2974,"name":"Primary Health Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Primary_Health_Care?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4581" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diabetes">Diabetes</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4581" type="text/json">{"id":4581,"name":"Diabetes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diabetes?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=70538807]'), work: {"id":70538807,"title":"Estimation of blood glucose levels by people with diabetes: a cross-sectional study","created_at":"2022-02-05T05:11:50.851-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/70538807/Estimation_of_blood_glucose_levels_by_people_with_diabetes_a_cross_sectional_study?f_ri=30494","dom_id":"work_70538807","summary":"BACKGROUND Recommendations suggest that all patients with diabetes who use insulin should home test their blood glucose. Recommendations for those not using insulin remain contradictory. These recommendations are in part based upon the assumption that people with diabetes cannot make an accurate estimate. AIM To explore whether people with diabetes can accurately estimate their blood glucose levels and to assess which factors explain variability in these estimates. DESIGN A cross-sectional design. SETTING One general practice in Oxfordshire, UK. PARTICIPANTS One hundred and fifteen consecutive patients with diabetes attending a diabetic clinic were invited to estimate their blood glucose level prior to having it routinely measured. RESULTS One hundred and four patients made estimates. Of these, 45 (43.3%) underestimated their blood glucose, 18 (17.3%) overestimated, and 41 (39.4%) made guesses that fell into the range defined as accurate. Of those not using insulin (n = 85), 37 (43....","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":80249707,"asset_id":70538807,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":714833,"first_name":"Jane","last_name":"Ogden","domain_name":"surrey","page_name":"JaneOgden","display_name":"Jane Ogden","profile_url":"https://surrey.academia.edu/JaneOgden?f_ri=30494","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/714833/242880/138183546/s65_jane.ogden.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":260,"name":"Health Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Psychology?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":633,"name":"Primary Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Primary_Care?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":2974,"name":"Primary Health Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Primary_Health_Care?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":4581,"name":"Diabetes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diabetes?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":18556,"name":"Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diabetes_Mellitus_and_Its_Complications?f_ri=30494"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=30494"},{"id":30494,"name":"England","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/England?f_ri=30494"},{"id":71300,"name":"Blood Glucose","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Blood_Glucose?f_ri=30494"},{"id":71511,"name":"Diabetes mellitus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diabetes_mellitus?f_ri=30494"},{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=30494"},{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1?f_ri=30494"},{"id":413194,"name":"Analysis of Variance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analysis_of_Variance?f_ri=30494"},{"id":901876,"name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sensitivity_and_Specificity?f_ri=30494"},{"id":1034181,"name":"Cross Sectional Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross_Sectional_Studies?f_ri=30494"},{"id":1147827,"name":"Self monitoring of blood glucose","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Self_monitoring_of_blood_glucose?f_ri=30494"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_69082860" data-work_id="69082860" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/69082860/Barriers_to_shared_decision_making_in_mental_health_care_qualitative_study_of_the_Joint_Crisis_Plan_for_psychosis">Barriers to shared decision making in mental health care: qualitative study of the Joint Crisis Plan for psychosis</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Despite increasing calls for shared decision making (SDM), the precise mechanisms for its attainment are unclear. Sharing decisions in mental health care may be especially complex. Fluctuations in service user capacity and significant... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_69082860" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Despite increasing calls for shared decision making (SDM), the precise mechanisms for its attainment are unclear. Sharing decisions in mental health care may be especially complex. Fluctuations in service user capacity and significant power differences are particular barriers. We trialled a form of facilitated SDM that aimed to generate patients&#39; treatment preferences in advance of a possible relapse. The &#39;Joint Crisis Plan&#39; (JCP) intervention was trialled in four mental health trusts in England between 2008 and 2011. This qualitative study used grounded theory methods to analyse focus group and interview data to understand how stakeholders perceived the intervention and the barriers to SDM in the form of a JCP. Fifty service users with psychotic disorders and 45 clinicians participated in focus groups or interviews between February 2010 and November 2011. Results suggested four barriers to clinician engagement in the JCP: (i) ambivalence about care planning; (ii) percep...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/69082860" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9948f53f54007e5b91d9d3c512405b27" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":79317102,"asset_id":69082860,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/79317102/download_file?st=MTc0MDY0NzYxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="164306780" rel="nofollow" href="https://independent.academia.edu/WaquasWaheed">Waquas Waheed</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="164306780" type="text/json">{"id":164306780,"first_name":"Waquas","last_name":"Waheed","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"WaquasWaheed","display_name":"Waquas Waheed","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/WaquasWaheed?f_ri=30494","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/164306780/147597110/137149995/s65_waquas.waheed.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_69082860 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="69082860"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 69082860, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_69082860", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=69082860]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_69082860").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_69082860").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="69082860"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="588" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nursing">Nursing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="588" type="text/json">{"id":588,"name":"Nursing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nursing?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1681" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Decision_Making">Decision Making</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1681" type="text/json">{"id":1681,"name":"Decision Making","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Decision_Making?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4193" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Focus_Groups">Focus Groups</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4193" type="text/json">{"id":4193,"name":"Focus Groups","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Focus_Groups?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=69082860]'), work: {"id":69082860,"title":"Barriers to shared decision making in mental health care: qualitative study of the Joint Crisis Plan for psychosis","created_at":"2022-01-21T20:35:59.882-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/69082860/Barriers_to_shared_decision_making_in_mental_health_care_qualitative_study_of_the_Joint_Crisis_Plan_for_psychosis?f_ri=30494","dom_id":"work_69082860","summary":"Despite increasing calls for shared decision making (SDM), the precise mechanisms for its attainment are unclear. Sharing decisions in mental health care may be especially complex. Fluctuations in service user capacity and significant power differences are particular barriers. We trialled a form of facilitated SDM that aimed to generate patients\u0026#39; treatment preferences in advance of a possible relapse. The \u0026#39;Joint Crisis Plan\u0026#39; (JCP) intervention was trialled in four mental health trusts in England between 2008 and 2011. This qualitative study used grounded theory methods to analyse focus group and interview data to understand how stakeholders perceived the intervention and the barriers to SDM in the form of a JCP. Fifty service users with psychotic disorders and 45 clinicians participated in focus groups or interviews between February 2010 and November 2011. Results suggested four barriers to clinician engagement in the JCP: (i) ambivalence about care planning; (ii) percep...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":79317102,"asset_id":69082860,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":164306780,"first_name":"Waquas","last_name":"Waheed","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"WaquasWaheed","display_name":"Waquas Waheed","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/WaquasWaheed?f_ri=30494","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/164306780/147597110/137149995/s65_waquas.waheed.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":588,"name":"Nursing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nursing?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":1681,"name":"Decision Making","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Decision_Making?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":4193,"name":"Focus Groups","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Focus_Groups?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":12135,"name":"Qualitative Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Qualitative_Research?f_ri=30494"},{"id":13675,"name":"Grounded Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Grounded_Theory?f_ri=30494"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=30494"},{"id":30494,"name":"England","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/England?f_ri=30494"},{"id":161518,"name":"Patient Preference","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Patient_Preference?f_ri=30494"},{"id":178434,"name":"Mental health services","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_health_services?f_ri=30494"},{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1?f_ri=30494"},{"id":589991,"name":"Patient Participation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Patient_Participation?f_ri=30494"},{"id":612870,"name":"Psychotic Disorders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychotic_Disorders?f_ri=30494"},{"id":4045153,"name":"Physician-Patient Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physician_Patient_Relations?f_ri=30494"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_67661918" data-work_id="67661918" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/67661918/Tell_us_something_we_dont_already_know_or_do_The_response_of_planning_and_transport_professionals_to_public_health_guidance_on_the_built_environment_and_physical_">Tell us something we dont already know or do! The response of planning and transport professionals to public health guidance on the built environment and physical …</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A large proportion of non-communicable disease can be attributed to modifiable risk factors such as poor nutrition and physical inactivity. We present data on planning and transport practitioners&#x27; perceptions and responses to... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_67661918" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A large proportion of non-communicable disease can be attributed to modifiable risk factors such as poor nutrition and physical inactivity. We present data on planning and transport practitioners&#x27; perceptions and responses to government public health guidance aimed at ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/67661918" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="cc45afa260cc1be8bdc25dbfeea0b886" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":78400477,"asset_id":67661918,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78400477/download_file?st=MTc0MDY0NzYxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="57810721" href="https://independent.academia.edu/cavillnick">nick cavill</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="57810721" type="text/json">{"id":57810721,"first_name":"nick","last_name":"cavill","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"cavillnick","display_name":"nick cavill","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/cavillnick?f_ri=30494","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_67661918 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="67661918"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 67661918, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_67661918", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_67661918 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 67661918; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_67661918"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_67661918 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="67661918"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 67661918; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=67661918]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_67661918").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_67661918").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="67661918"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="941" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Policy">Social Policy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="941" type="text/json">{"id":941,"name":"Social Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Policy?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="981" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Promotion">Health Promotion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="981" type="text/json">{"id":981,"name":"Health Promotion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Promotion?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3645" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evidence_Based_Medicine">Evidence Based Medicine</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3645" type="text/json">{"id":3645,"name":"Evidence Based Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evidence_Based_Medicine?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=67661918]'), work: {"id":67661918,"title":"Tell us something we dont already know or do! The response of planning and transport professionals to public health guidance on the built environment and physical …","created_at":"2022-01-09T00:05:49.563-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/67661918/Tell_us_something_we_dont_already_know_or_do_The_response_of_planning_and_transport_professionals_to_public_health_guidance_on_the_built_environment_and_physical_?f_ri=30494","dom_id":"work_67661918","summary":"A large proportion of non-communicable disease can be attributed to modifiable risk factors such as poor nutrition and physical inactivity. We present data on planning and transport practitioners\u0026#x27; perceptions and responses to government public health guidance aimed at ...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":78400477,"asset_id":67661918,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":57810721,"first_name":"nick","last_name":"cavill","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"cavillnick","display_name":"nick cavill","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/cavillnick?f_ri=30494","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":941,"name":"Social Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Policy?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":981,"name":"Health Promotion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Promotion?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":3645,"name":"Evidence Based Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evidence_Based_Medicine?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":4193,"name":"Focus Groups","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Focus_Groups?f_ri=30494"},{"id":6810,"name":"Public Health Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health_Policy?f_ri=30494"},{"id":9112,"name":"Physical Activity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physical_Activity?f_ri=30494"},{"id":10050,"name":"Built Environment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Built_Environment?f_ri=30494"},{"id":16288,"name":"Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health?f_ri=30494"},{"id":17969,"name":"Health Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Policy?f_ri=30494"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=30494"},{"id":30494,"name":"England","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/England?f_ri=30494"},{"id":47307,"name":"City planning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/City_planning?f_ri=30494"},{"id":72520,"name":"International Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Public_Health?f_ri=30494"},{"id":79337,"name":"Health Policies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Policies?f_ri=30494"},{"id":133652,"name":"Diffusion of Innovation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diffusion_of_Innovation?f_ri=30494"},{"id":135185,"name":"Exercise","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exercise?f_ri=30494"},{"id":380315,"name":"Public Administration and Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Administration_and_Policy?f_ri=30494"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_66555046" data-work_id="66555046" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/66555046/The_Cambridge_Pulmonary_Hypertension_Outcome_Review_CAMPHOR_a_measure_of_health_related_quality_of_life_and_quality_of_life_for_patients_with_pulmonary_hypertension">The Cambridge Pulmonary Hypertension Outcome Review (CAMPHOR): a measure of health-related quality of life and quality of life for patients with pulmonary hypertension</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Objective: No outcome measures specific to pulmonary hypertension (PH) currently exist. The aim of the study was to develop health-related quality of life (symptoms and functioning) scales and a quality of life scale that would allow... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_66555046" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Objective: No outcome measures specific to pulmonary hypertension (PH) currently exist. The aim of the study was to develop health-related quality of life (symptoms and functioning) scales and a quality of life scale that would allow comprehensive, accurate and valid patient-reported outcome assessment in clinical studies. Methods: The content of the Cambridge Pulmonary Hypertension Outcome Review (CAMPHOR) was derived from qualitative interviews conducted with 35 patients. Item reduction was based on the analysis of responses to a postal survey (n=75) and patient interviews (n=15) designed to determine face and content validity. A final postal validation study (n=91) was performed to determine reproducibility and construct validity. Results: The questionnaire was well received by participants who found it to be relevant, comprehensible and quick and easy to complete. Rasch and factor analyses were conducted to ensure unidimensionality of the final CAMPHOR scales; Overall symptoms (made up of Energy, Breathlessness and Mood subscales), Functioning and Quality of life. The CAMPHOR scales had good internal consistency (a=0.90-0.92) and reproducibility (test-retest correlations=0.86-0.92). They also exhibited convergent, divergent and known groups validity. Conclusions: The CAMPHOR is a valuable new instrument for assessing patient-reported outcome in PH clinical trials and routine practice.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/66555046" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="adb04d05b164c402cb6733eca8905a1e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":77701164,"asset_id":66555046,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/77701164/download_file?st=MTc0MDY0NzYxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="55334260" href="https://independent.academia.edu/StephenMcKenna6">Stephen McKenna</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="55334260" type="text/json">{"id":55334260,"first_name":"Stephen","last_name":"McKenna","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"StephenMcKenna6","display_name":"Stephen McKenna","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/StephenMcKenna6?f_ri=30494","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_66555046 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="66555046"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 66555046, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_66555046", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_66555046 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 66555046; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_66555046"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_66555046 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="66555046"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 66555046; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=66555046]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_66555046").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_66555046").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="66555046"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2599" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychometrics">Psychometrics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2599" type="text/json">{"id":2599,"name":"Psychometrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychometrics?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4531" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Trial">Clinical Trial</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4531" type="text/json">{"id":4531,"name":"Clinical Trial","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Trial?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7470" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quality_of_life">Quality of life</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7470" type="text/json">{"id":7470,"name":"Quality of life","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quality_of_life?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26327" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="26327" type="text/json">{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=66555046]'), work: {"id":66555046,"title":"The Cambridge Pulmonary Hypertension Outcome Review (CAMPHOR): a measure of health-related quality of life and quality of life for patients with pulmonary hypertension","created_at":"2021-12-30T05:34:48.721-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/66555046/The_Cambridge_Pulmonary_Hypertension_Outcome_Review_CAMPHOR_a_measure_of_health_related_quality_of_life_and_quality_of_life_for_patients_with_pulmonary_hypertension?f_ri=30494","dom_id":"work_66555046","summary":"Objective: No outcome measures specific to pulmonary hypertension (PH) currently exist. The aim of the study was to develop health-related quality of life (symptoms and functioning) scales and a quality of life scale that would allow comprehensive, accurate and valid patient-reported outcome assessment in clinical studies. Methods: The content of the Cambridge Pulmonary Hypertension Outcome Review (CAMPHOR) was derived from qualitative interviews conducted with 35 patients. Item reduction was based on the analysis of responses to a postal survey (n=75) and patient interviews (n=15) designed to determine face and content validity. A final postal validation study (n=91) was performed to determine reproducibility and construct validity. Results: The questionnaire was well received by participants who found it to be relevant, comprehensible and quick and easy to complete. Rasch and factor analyses were conducted to ensure unidimensionality of the final CAMPHOR scales; Overall symptoms (made up of Energy, Breathlessness and Mood subscales), Functioning and Quality of life. The CAMPHOR scales had good internal consistency (a=0.90-0.92) and reproducibility (test-retest correlations=0.86-0.92). They also exhibited convergent, divergent and known groups validity. Conclusions: The CAMPHOR is a valuable new instrument for assessing patient-reported outcome in PH clinical trials and routine practice.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":77701164,"asset_id":66555046,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":55334260,"first_name":"Stephen","last_name":"McKenna","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"StephenMcKenna6","display_name":"Stephen McKenna","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/StephenMcKenna6?f_ri=30494","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2599,"name":"Psychometrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychometrics?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":4531,"name":"Clinical Trial","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Trial?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":7470,"name":"Quality of life","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quality_of_life?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":30494,"name":"England","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/England?f_ri=30494"},{"id":31958,"name":"Pulmonary Hypertension","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pulmonary_Hypertension?f_ri=30494"},{"id":44529,"name":"Activities of Daily Living","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Activities_of_Daily_Living?f_ri=30494"},{"id":82844,"name":"Health related Quality of Life","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_related_Quality_of_Life?f_ri=30494"},{"id":104434,"name":"Construct Validity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Construct_Validity?f_ri=30494"},{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=30494"},{"id":291274,"name":"Great Britain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Great_Britain?f_ri=30494"},{"id":546356,"name":"Clinical Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Study?f_ri=30494"},{"id":842184,"name":"Quality Life","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quality_Life?f_ri=30494"},{"id":2529977,"name":"attitude to health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/attitude_to_health?f_ri=30494"},{"id":2592746,"name":"Outcome measure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Outcome_measure?f_ri=30494"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_64793122" data-work_id="64793122" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/64793122/Age_differences_at_marriage_and_divorce">Age differences at marriage and divorce</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This article explores the age difference of marrying and divorcing couples, calculated by subtracting the wife&#39;s age from the husband&#39;s. Age difference is of interest in the study of families and partnership behaviour. It is also... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_64793122" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This article explores the age difference of marrying and divorcing couples, calculated by subtracting the wife&#39;s age from the husband&#39;s. Age difference is of interest in the study of families and partnership behaviour. It is also important because of its link with broader socio-demographic changes, such as population ageing, delayed fertility and the provision of care. The main finding is that between 1963 and 2005, the distribution of age differences for all marriages is very similar in each year to the distribution of age differences for the subset of couples who married in that year, but have since divorced. While there is some evidence of small variations in the proportion of marriages that end in divorce by age difference, there does not seem to be evidence of a strong association.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/64793122" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3046b5c297b804876159b7f6c53b65c3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":76662974,"asset_id":64793122,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/76662974/download_file?st=MTc0MDY0NzYxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="39287642" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SteveSmallwood">Steve Smallwood</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="39287642" type="text/json">{"id":39287642,"first_name":"Steve","last_name":"Smallwood","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SteveSmallwood","display_name":"Steve Smallwood","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SteveSmallwood?f_ri=30494","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_64793122 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="64793122"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 64793122, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_64793122", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_64793122 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 64793122; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_64793122"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_64793122 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="64793122"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 64793122; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=64793122]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_64793122").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_64793122").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="64793122"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="310" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Demography">Demography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="310" type="text/json">{"id":310,"name":"Demography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Demography?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11417" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Population_Dynamics">Population Dynamics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11417" type="text/json">{"id":11417,"name":"Population Dynamics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Population_Dynamics?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26327" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="26327" type="text/json">{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=64793122]'), work: {"id":64793122,"title":"Age differences at marriage and divorce","created_at":"2021-12-17T04:06:50.204-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/64793122/Age_differences_at_marriage_and_divorce?f_ri=30494","dom_id":"work_64793122","summary":"This article explores the age difference of marrying and divorcing couples, calculated by subtracting the wife\u0026#39;s age from the husband\u0026#39;s. Age difference is of interest in the study of families and partnership behaviour. It is also important because of its link with broader socio-demographic changes, such as population ageing, delayed fertility and the provision of care. The main finding is that between 1963 and 2005, the distribution of age differences for all marriages is very similar in each year to the distribution of age differences for the subset of couples who married in that year, but have since divorced. While there is some evidence of small variations in the proportion of marriages that end in divorce by age difference, there does not seem to be evidence of a strong association.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":76662974,"asset_id":64793122,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":39287642,"first_name":"Steve","last_name":"Smallwood","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SteveSmallwood","display_name":"Steve Smallwood","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SteveSmallwood?f_ri=30494","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":310,"name":"Demography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Demography?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":11417,"name":"Population Dynamics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Population_Dynamics?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":30494,"name":"England","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/England?f_ri=30494"},{"id":57912,"name":"Marriage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marriage?f_ri=30494"},{"id":96273,"name":"Wales","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wales?f_ri=30494"},{"id":103062,"name":"Divorce","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Divorce?f_ri=30494"},{"id":182780,"name":"Population Trends","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Population_Trends?f_ri=30494"},{"id":546419,"name":"Age Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Age_Factors?f_ri=30494"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_62631488" data-work_id="62631488" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/62631488/Accountability_in_the_UK_healthcare_system_an_overview">Accountability in the UK healthcare system: an overview</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Recent changes in the English National Health Service (NHS) have introduced new complexities into the accountability arrangements for healthcare services. This commentary describes how the new organizational structures have challenged the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_62631488" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Recent changes in the English National Health Service (NHS) have introduced new complexities into the accountability arrangements for healthcare services. This commentary describes how the new organizational structures have challenged the traditional centralized accountability structures by creating a more dispersed system of governance for local health-care commissioners. It sets the context of discussions about accountability in the UK NHS and then describes the key changes in England following the implementation of the NHS reforms in April 2013. The commentary concludes that while there is increased complexity of accountability within a more decentralized and fragmented healthcare system, the government&#39;s goal of achieving increased local autonomy and greater control by general practitioners (GPs) will probably not be realized. In particular, the system will continue to have strongly centralized aspects, with increased regulation and central political responsibility.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/62631488" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="324f1fbec503e810912471551d757f75" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":75329985,"asset_id":62631488,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/75329985/download_file?st=MTc0MDY0NzYxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="166730179" rel="nofollow" href="https://kent.academia.edu/SPeckham">Stephen Peckham</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="166730179" type="text/json">{"id":166730179,"first_name":"Stephen","last_name":"Peckham","domain_name":"kent","page_name":"SPeckham","display_name":"Stephen Peckham","profile_url":"https://kent.academia.edu/SPeckham?f_ri=30494","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_62631488 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="62631488"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 62631488, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_62631488", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_62631488 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 62631488; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_62631488"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_62631488 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="62631488"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 62631488; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=62631488]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_62631488").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_62631488").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="62631488"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="30494" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/England">England</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="30494" type="text/json">{"id":30494,"name":"England","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/England?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="40023" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Responsibility">Social Responsibility</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="40023" type="text/json">{"id":40023,"name":"Social Responsibility","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Responsibility?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="410370" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1">Public health systems and services research</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="410370" type="text/json">{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2749012" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Delivery_of_Health_Care">Delivery of Health Care</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2749012" type="text/json">{"id":2749012,"name":"Delivery of Health Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Delivery_of_Health_Care?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=62631488]'), work: {"id":62631488,"title":"Accountability in the UK healthcare system: an overview","created_at":"2021-11-28T08:27:00.927-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/62631488/Accountability_in_the_UK_healthcare_system_an_overview?f_ri=30494","dom_id":"work_62631488","summary":"Recent changes in the English National Health Service (NHS) have introduced new complexities into the accountability arrangements for healthcare services. This commentary describes how the new organizational structures have challenged the traditional centralized accountability structures by creating a more dispersed system of governance for local health-care commissioners. It sets the context of discussions about accountability in the UK NHS and then describes the key changes in England following the implementation of the NHS reforms in April 2013. The commentary concludes that while there is increased complexity of accountability within a more decentralized and fragmented healthcare system, the government\u0026#39;s goal of achieving increased local autonomy and greater control by general practitioners (GPs) will probably not be realized. In particular, the system will continue to have strongly centralized aspects, with increased regulation and central political responsibility.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":75329985,"asset_id":62631488,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":166730179,"first_name":"Stephen","last_name":"Peckham","domain_name":"kent","page_name":"SPeckham","display_name":"Stephen Peckham","profile_url":"https://kent.academia.edu/SPeckham?f_ri=30494","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":30494,"name":"England","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/England?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":40023,"name":"Social Responsibility","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Responsibility?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":2749012,"name":"Delivery of Health Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Delivery_of_Health_Care?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_60686729" data-work_id="60686729" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/60686729/Promoting_continuity_of_care_for_people_with_long_term_neurological_conditions_the_role_of_the_neurology_nurse_specialist">Promoting continuity of care for people with long-term neurological conditions: the role of the neurology nurse specialist</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Aims. To identify service models that provided care coordination for people with long-term neurological conditions in the UK. Background. The successful management of long-term neurological conditions needs sophisticated management across... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_60686729" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Aims. To identify service models that provided care coordination for people with long-term neurological conditions in the UK. Background. The successful management of long-term neurological conditions needs sophisticated management across several health, social care and other service boundaries, as well as involvement of people with long-term neurological conditions and their support network. Yet, fragmentation of, and limited access to, support has been evident for over 20 years. Design. This study employed a mixed-method approach, including a systematic review, qualitative case studies and a quantitative national survey. This paper reports findings from the qualitative case study element of the research. Methods. In-depth (qualitative) case studies were conducted in six neurology 'service systems' in the UK representing geographic and demographic diversity. The research took place between November 2007-May 2008. The concept of 'continuity of care' was used as a framework for our case studies. Qualitative methods, including telephone and face-to-face interviews, were used to explore people's experience of continuity of care. Data were managed and analyzed using the Framework technique. Findings. Neurology nurse specialists were able to contribute to all elements of continuity of care for people with long-term neurological conditions. Conclusion. Their specialist knowledge about the condition and local services, flexibility, coordinating role, and their holistic and collaborative approach to practice, are key factors in nurse specialists promoting continuity of care. Nurse specialists exist in many different clinical areas and in many countries. Findings about the importance of their role in promoting continuity of care have important implications for UK and international policy and practice.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/60686729" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ab54e98e45a3842aea8b1b5539f68904" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":74018554,"asset_id":60686729,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/74018554/download_file?st=MTc0MDY0NzYxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32664497" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KGridley">K. Gridley</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32664497" type="text/json">{"id":32664497,"first_name":"K.","last_name":"Gridley","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KGridley","display_name":"K. Gridley","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KGridley?f_ri=30494","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32664497/11504118/12831052/s65_k..gridley.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_60686729 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="60686729"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 60686729, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_60686729", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_60686729 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 60686729; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_60686729"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_60686729 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="60686729"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 60686729; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=60686729]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_60686729").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_60686729").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="60686729"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="588" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nursing">Nursing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="588" type="text/json">{"id":588,"name":"Nursing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nursing?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="623" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurology">Neurology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="623" type="text/json">{"id":623,"name":"Neurology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurology?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3431" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Long_Term_Care">Long Term Care</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3431" type="text/json">{"id":3431,"name":"Long Term Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Long_Term_Care?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12135" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Qualitative_Research">Qualitative Research</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="12135" type="text/json">{"id":12135,"name":"Qualitative Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Qualitative_Research?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=60686729]'), work: {"id":60686729,"title":"Promoting continuity of care for people with long-term neurological conditions: the role of the neurology nurse specialist","created_at":"2021-11-01T05:00:46.192-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/60686729/Promoting_continuity_of_care_for_people_with_long_term_neurological_conditions_the_role_of_the_neurology_nurse_specialist?f_ri=30494","dom_id":"work_60686729","summary":"Aims. To identify service models that provided care coordination for people with long-term neurological conditions in the UK. Background. The successful management of long-term neurological conditions needs sophisticated management across several health, social care and other service boundaries, as well as involvement of people with long-term neurological conditions and their support network. Yet, fragmentation of, and limited access to, support has been evident for over 20 years. Design. This study employed a mixed-method approach, including a systematic review, qualitative case studies and a quantitative national survey. This paper reports findings from the qualitative case study element of the research. Methods. In-depth (qualitative) case studies were conducted in six neurology 'service systems' in the UK representing geographic and demographic diversity. The research took place between November 2007-May 2008. The concept of 'continuity of care' was used as a framework for our case studies. Qualitative methods, including telephone and face-to-face interviews, were used to explore people's experience of continuity of care. Data were managed and analyzed using the Framework technique. Findings. Neurology nurse specialists were able to contribute to all elements of continuity of care for people with long-term neurological conditions. Conclusion. Their specialist knowledge about the condition and local services, flexibility, coordinating role, and their holistic and collaborative approach to practice, are key factors in nurse specialists promoting continuity of care. Nurse specialists exist in many different clinical areas and in many countries. Findings about the importance of their role in promoting continuity of care have important implications for UK and international policy and practice.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":74018554,"asset_id":60686729,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32664497,"first_name":"K.","last_name":"Gridley","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KGridley","display_name":"K. Gridley","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KGridley?f_ri=30494","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32664497/11504118/12831052/s65_k..gridley.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":588,"name":"Nursing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nursing?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":623,"name":"Neurology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurology?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":3431,"name":"Long Term Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Long_Term_Care?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":12135,"name":"Qualitative Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Qualitative_Research?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":30494,"name":"England","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/England?f_ri=30494"},{"id":65970,"name":"Advanced Nursing Practice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Advanced_Nursing_Practice?f_ri=30494"},{"id":97269,"name":"Chronic Disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chronic_Disease?f_ri=30494"},{"id":555965,"name":"Advanced","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Advanced?f_ri=30494"},{"id":906958,"name":"Disease Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disease_Management?f_ri=30494"},{"id":1034177,"name":"Continuity of Patient Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Continuity_of_Patient_Care?f_ri=30494"},{"id":1423078,"name":"Nervous System Diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nervous_System_Diseases?f_ri=30494"},{"id":2489706,"name":"Organizational case studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organizational_case_studies?f_ri=30494"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_56278988" data-work_id="56278988" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/56278988/Preoperative_radiotherapy_combined_with_total_mesorectal_excision_for_resectable_rectal_cancer">Preoperative radiotherapy combined with total mesorectal excision for resectable rectal cancer</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background Short-term preoperative radiotherapy and total mesorectal excision have each been shown to improve local control of disease in patients with resectable rectal cancer. We conducted a multicenter, randomized trial to determine... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_56278988" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background Short-term preoperative radiotherapy and total mesorectal excision have each been shown to improve local control of disease in patients with resectable rectal cancer. We conducted a multicenter, randomized trial to determine whether the addition of preoperative radiotherapy increases the benefit of total mesorectal excision. Methods We randomly assigned 1861 patients with resectable rectal cancer either to preoperative radiotherapy (5 Gy on each of five days) followed by total mesorectal excision (924 patients) or to total mesorectal excision alone (937 patients). The trial was conducted with the use of standardization and qualitycontrol measures to ensure the consistency of the radiotherapy, surgery, and pathological techniques. Results Of the 1861 patients randomly assigned to one of the two treatment groups, 1805 were eligible to participate. The overall rate of survival at two years among the eligible patients was 82.0 percent in the group assigned to both radiotherapy and surgery and 81.8 percent in the group assigned to surgery alone (P=0.84). Among the 1748 patients who underwent a macroscopically complete local resection, the rate of local recurrence at two years was 5.3 percent. The rate of local recurrence at two years was 2.4 percent in the radiotherapy-plus-surgery group and 8.2 percent in the surgery-only group (P<0.001). Conclusions Short-term preoperative radiotherapy reduces the risk of local recurrence in patients with rectal cancer who undergo a standardized total mesorectal excision.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/56278988" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3e55c7638f13ebd73c5944afc88b4e26" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":71744067,"asset_id":56278988,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/71744067/download_file?st=MTc0MDY0NzYxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32397864" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HeinPutter">Hein Putter</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32397864" type="text/json">{"id":32397864,"first_name":"Hein","last_name":"Putter","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HeinPutter","display_name":"Hein Putter","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HeinPutter?f_ri=30494","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_56278988 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="56278988"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 56278988, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_56278988", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_56278988 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 56278988; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_56278988"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_56278988 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="56278988"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 56278988; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=56278988]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_56278988").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_56278988").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="56278988"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="30494" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/England">England</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="30494" type="text/json">{"id":30494,"name":"England","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/England?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="102479" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colorectal_Surgery">Colorectal Surgery</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="102479" type="text/json">{"id":102479,"name":"Colorectal Surgery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colorectal_Surgery?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="243630" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lancet_Oncology">Lancet Oncology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="243630" type="text/json">{"id":243630,"name":"Lancet Oncology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lancet_Oncology?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="244814" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences">Clinical Sciences</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="244814" type="text/json">{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=56278988]'), work: {"id":56278988,"title":"Preoperative radiotherapy combined with total mesorectal excision for resectable rectal cancer","created_at":"2021-10-07T05:13:53.664-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/56278988/Preoperative_radiotherapy_combined_with_total_mesorectal_excision_for_resectable_rectal_cancer?f_ri=30494","dom_id":"work_56278988","summary":"Background Short-term preoperative radiotherapy and total mesorectal excision have each been shown to improve local control of disease in patients with resectable rectal cancer. We conducted a multicenter, randomized trial to determine whether the addition of preoperative radiotherapy increases the benefit of total mesorectal excision. Methods We randomly assigned 1861 patients with resectable rectal cancer either to preoperative radiotherapy (5 Gy on each of five days) followed by total mesorectal excision (924 patients) or to total mesorectal excision alone (937 patients). The trial was conducted with the use of standardization and qualitycontrol measures to ensure the consistency of the radiotherapy, surgery, and pathological techniques. Results Of the 1861 patients randomly assigned to one of the two treatment groups, 1805 were eligible to participate. The overall rate of survival at two years among the eligible patients was 82.0 percent in the group assigned to both radiotherapy and surgery and 81.8 percent in the group assigned to surgery alone (P=0.84). Among the 1748 patients who underwent a macroscopically complete local resection, the rate of local recurrence at two years was 5.3 percent. The rate of local recurrence at two years was 2.4 percent in the radiotherapy-plus-surgery group and 8.2 percent in the surgery-only group (P\u003c0.001). Conclusions Short-term preoperative radiotherapy reduces the risk of local recurrence in patients with rectal cancer who undergo a standardized total mesorectal excision.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":71744067,"asset_id":56278988,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32397864,"first_name":"Hein","last_name":"Putter","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HeinPutter","display_name":"Hein Putter","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HeinPutter?f_ri=30494","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":30494,"name":"England","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/England?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":102479,"name":"Colorectal Surgery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colorectal_Surgery?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":243630,"name":"Lancet Oncology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lancet_Oncology?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=30494"},{"id":389732,"name":"New England","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_England?f_ri=30494"},{"id":413194,"name":"Analysis of Variance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analysis_of_Variance?f_ri=30494"},{"id":1733657,"name":"Cumulative Incidence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cumulative_Incidence?f_ri=30494"},{"id":1745478,"name":"Adenocarcinoma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adenocarcinoma?f_ri=30494"},{"id":2463779,"name":"Combined Modality Therapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Combined_Modality_Therapy?f_ri=30494"},{"id":2471457,"name":"Multicenter Studies as Topic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multicenter_Studies_as_Topic?f_ri=30494"},{"id":2683729,"name":"Local Recurrence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Local_Recurrence?f_ri=30494"},{"id":3118074,"name":"Neoplasm staging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neoplasm_staging?f_ri=30494"},{"id":3197604,"name":"Cause of death","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cause_of_death?f_ri=30494"},{"id":3763225,"name":"Medical and Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Health_Sciences?f_ri=30494"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_47697125" data-work_id="47697125" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/47697125/Diocesan_Licensing_and_Medical_Practitioners_in_South_West_England_1660_1780">Diocesan Licensing and Medical Practitioners in South-West England, 1660–1780</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The licensing of provincial surgeons and physicians in the post-Restoration period has proved an awkward subject for medical historians. It has divided writers between those who regard the possession of a local licence as a mark of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_47697125" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The licensing of provincial surgeons and physicians in the post-Restoration period has proved an awkward subject for medical historians. It has divided writers between those who regard the possession of a local licence as a mark of professionalism or proficiency, those who see the existence of diocesan licences as a mark of an essentially unregulated and decentralized trade, and those who discount the distinction of licensing in assessing medical expertise availability in a given region. Such a diversity of interpretations has meant that the very descriptors by which practitioners were known to their contemporaries (and are referred to by historians) have become fragmented and difficult to use without a specific context. As David Harley has pointed out in his study of licensed physicians in the north-west of England, “historians often define eighteenth-century physicians as men with medical degrees, thus ignoring … the many licensed physicians throughout the country”. One could simi...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/47697125" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="efe1c8247f922e19649deb1af8d64218" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":66656223,"asset_id":47697125,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66656223/download_file?st=MTc0MDY0NzYxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="124066302" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MortimerIan">Ian Mortimer</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="124066302" type="text/json">{"id":124066302,"first_name":"Ian","last_name":"Mortimer","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MortimerIan","display_name":"Ian Mortimer","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MortimerIan?f_ri=30494","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_47697125 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="47697125"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 47697125, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_47697125", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_47697125 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 47697125; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_47697125"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_47697125 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="47697125"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 47697125; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=47697125]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_47697125").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_47697125").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="47697125"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="106" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion">Religion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="106" type="text/json">{"id":106,"name":"Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="109" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christianity">Christianity</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="109" type="text/json">{"id":109,"name":"Christianity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christianity?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4455" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Education">Medical Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4455" type="text/json">{"id":4455,"name":"Medical Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Education?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5709" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Politics">Politics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5709" type="text/json">{"id":5709,"name":"Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Politics?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=47697125]'), work: {"id":47697125,"title":"Diocesan Licensing and Medical Practitioners in South-West England, 1660–1780","created_at":"2021-04-24T00:39:41.225-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/47697125/Diocesan_Licensing_and_Medical_Practitioners_in_South_West_England_1660_1780?f_ri=30494","dom_id":"work_47697125","summary":"The licensing of provincial surgeons and physicians in the post-Restoration period has proved an awkward subject for medical historians. It has divided writers between those who regard the possession of a local licence as a mark of professionalism or proficiency, those who see the existence of diocesan licences as a mark of an essentially unregulated and decentralized trade, and those who discount the distinction of licensing in assessing medical expertise availability in a given region. Such a diversity of interpretations has meant that the very descriptors by which practitioners were known to their contemporaries (and are referred to by historians) have become fragmented and difficult to use without a specific context. As David Harley has pointed out in his study of licensed physicians in the north-west of England, “historians often define eighteenth-century physicians as men with medical degrees, thus ignoring … the many licensed physicians throughout the country”. One could simi...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":66656223,"asset_id":47697125,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":124066302,"first_name":"Ian","last_name":"Mortimer","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MortimerIan","display_name":"Ian Mortimer","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MortimerIan?f_ri=30494","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":106,"name":"Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":109,"name":"Christianity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christianity?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":4455,"name":"Medical Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Education?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":5709,"name":"Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Politics?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":11545,"name":"Religion and medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion_and_medicine?f_ri=30494"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=30494"},{"id":30494,"name":"England","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/England?f_ri=30494"},{"id":40458,"name":"General Surgery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/General_Surgery?f_ri=30494"},{"id":60428,"name":"Medical History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_History?f_ri=30494"},{"id":112822,"name":"Physicians","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physicians?f_ri=30494"},{"id":178041,"name":"Authority","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Authority?f_ri=30494"},{"id":878738,"name":"Licensure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Licensure?f_ri=30494"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_45395010" data-work_id="45395010" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/45395010/Language_and_imagery_effects_of_language_modality">Language and imagery: effects of language modality</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Across spoken languages, properties of wordforms (e.g. the sounds in the word hammer) do not generally evoke mental images associated to meanings. However, across signed languages, many signforms readily evoke mental images (e.g. the sign... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_45395010" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Across spoken languages, properties of wordforms (e.g. the sounds in the word hammer) do not generally evoke mental images associated to meanings. However, across signed languages, many signforms readily evoke mental images (e.g. the sign HAMMER resembles the motion involved in hammering). Here we assess the relationship between language and imagery, comparing the performance of English speakers and British sign language (BSL) signers in meaning similarity judgement tasks. In experiment 1, we found that BSL signers used these imagistic properties in making meaning similarity judgements, in contrast with English speakers. In experiment 2, we found that English speakers behaved more like BSL signers when asked to develop mental images for the words before performing the same task. These findings show that language differences can bias users to attend more to those aspects of the world encoded in their language than to those that are not; and that language modality (spoken versus signed) can affect the degree to which imagery is involved in language.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/45395010" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d3f26411d8e515f824d2542becffd7c9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":65916503,"asset_id":45395010,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65916503/download_file?st=MTc0MDY0NzYxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="107520569" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GabriellaVigliocco">Gabriella Vigliocco</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="107520569" type="text/json">{"id":107520569,"first_name":"Gabriella","last_name":"Vigliocco","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GabriellaVigliocco","display_name":"Gabriella Vigliocco","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GabriellaVigliocco?f_ri=30494","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/107520569/39306523/32575031/s65_gabriella.vigliocco.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_45395010 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="45395010"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 45395010, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_45395010", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_45395010 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 45395010; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_45395010"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_45395010 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="45395010"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 45395010; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=45395010]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_45395010").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_45395010").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="45395010"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1214" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sign_Language">Sign Language</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1214" type="text/json">{"id":1214,"name":"Sign Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sign_Language?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2349" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Semantics">Semantics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2349" type="text/json">{"id":2349,"name":"Semantics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Semantics?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3109" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British_Sign_Language">British Sign Language</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3109" type="text/json">{"id":3109,"name":"British Sign Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British_Sign_Language?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6644" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sign_Languages">Sign Languages</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="6644" type="text/json">{"id":6644,"name":"Sign Languages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sign_Languages?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=45395010]'), work: {"id":45395010,"title":"Language and imagery: effects of language modality","created_at":"2021-03-06T08:35:49.792-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/45395010/Language_and_imagery_effects_of_language_modality?f_ri=30494","dom_id":"work_45395010","summary":"Across spoken languages, properties of wordforms (e.g. the sounds in the word hammer) do not generally evoke mental images associated to meanings. However, across signed languages, many signforms readily evoke mental images (e.g. the sign HAMMER resembles the motion involved in hammering). Here we assess the relationship between language and imagery, comparing the performance of English speakers and British sign language (BSL) signers in meaning similarity judgement tasks. In experiment 1, we found that BSL signers used these imagistic properties in making meaning similarity judgements, in contrast with English speakers. In experiment 2, we found that English speakers behaved more like BSL signers when asked to develop mental images for the words before performing the same task. These findings show that language differences can bias users to attend more to those aspects of the world encoded in their language than to those that are not; and that language modality (spoken versus signed) can affect the degree to which imagery is involved in language.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":65916503,"asset_id":45395010,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":107520569,"first_name":"Gabriella","last_name":"Vigliocco","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GabriellaVigliocco","display_name":"Gabriella Vigliocco","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GabriellaVigliocco?f_ri=30494","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/107520569/39306523/32575031/s65_gabriella.vigliocco.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1214,"name":"Sign Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sign_Language?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":2349,"name":"Semantics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Semantics?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":3109,"name":"British Sign Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British_Sign_Language?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":6644,"name":"Sign Languages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sign_Languages?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":9213,"name":"Modality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modality?f_ri=30494"},{"id":15838,"name":"Imagination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Imagination?f_ri=30494"},{"id":18174,"name":"Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Language?f_ri=30494"},{"id":24881,"name":"Imagery (Cognitive Psychology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Imagery_Cognitive_Psychology_?f_ri=30494"},{"id":30494,"name":"England","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/England?f_ri=30494"},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=30494"},{"id":51757,"name":"Dissociation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dissociation?f_ri=30494"},{"id":66843,"name":"Judgment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Judgment?f_ri=30494"},{"id":160102,"name":"Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Systems?f_ri=30494"},{"id":413194,"name":"Analysis of Variance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analysis_of_Variance?f_ri=30494"},{"id":3763225,"name":"Medical and Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Health_Sciences?f_ri=30494"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_619529" data-work_id="619529" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/619529/Some_comparative_perspectives_on_two_early_Victorian_registrars_of_births_and_deaths_in_rural_Lincolnshire_in_the_context_of_national_legislation">Some comparative perspectives on two early-Victorian registrars of births and deaths in rural Lincolnshire in the context of national legislation</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/619529" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="58980ec848a98c87cf2d3b66f018fd47" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":3325616,"asset_id":619529,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/3325616/download_file?st=MTc0MDY0NzYxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="12404" href="https://essex.academia.edu/MatthewWoollard">Matthew Woollard</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="12404" type="text/json">{"id":12404,"first_name":"Matthew","last_name":"Woollard","domain_name":"essex","page_name":"MatthewWoollard","display_name":"Matthew Woollard","profile_url":"https://essex.academia.edu/MatthewWoollard?f_ri=30494","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/12404/4137/4074/s65_matthew.woollard.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_619529 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="619529"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 619529, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_619529", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_619529 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 619529; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_619529"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_619529 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="619529"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 619529; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=619529]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_619529").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_619529").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="619529"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="262" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Geography">Human Geography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="262" type="text/json">{"id":262,"name":"Human Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Geography?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="310" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Demography">Demography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="310" type="text/json">{"id":310,"name":"Demography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Demography?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="30494" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/England">England</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="30494" type="text/json">{"id":30494,"name":"England","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/England?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="209856" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Registries">Registries</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="209856" type="text/json">{"id":209856,"name":"Registries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Registries?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=619529]'), work: {"id":619529,"title":"Some comparative perspectives on two early-Victorian registrars of births and deaths in rural Lincolnshire in the context of national legislation","created_at":"2011-05-26T16:52:30.175-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/619529/Some_comparative_perspectives_on_two_early_Victorian_registrars_of_births_and_deaths_in_rural_Lincolnshire_in_the_context_of_national_legislation?f_ri=30494","dom_id":"work_619529","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":3325616,"asset_id":619529,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":12404,"first_name":"Matthew","last_name":"Woollard","domain_name":"essex","page_name":"MatthewWoollard","display_name":"Matthew Woollard","profile_url":"https://essex.academia.edu/MatthewWoollard?f_ri=30494","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/12404/4137/4074/s65_matthew.woollard.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":262,"name":"Human Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Geography?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":310,"name":"Demography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Demography?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":30494,"name":"England","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/England?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":209856,"name":"Registries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Registries?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true},{"id":1009455,"name":"Birth Certificates","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Birth_Certificates?f_ri=30494"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_2090214" data-work_id="2090214" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2090214/The_process_of_implementing_a_community_based_peer_breast_feeding_support_programme_the_Glasgow_experience">The process of implementing a community-based peer breast-feeding support programme: the Glasgow experience</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Aim: to document the process of implementing and maintaining a community-based peer-support programme.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2090214" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="85608f7cd1c15df797c997fa4a290c38" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50765180,"asset_id":2090214,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50765180/download_file?st=MTc0MDY0NzYxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2134908" href="https://stir.academia.edu/RhonaMcInnes">Rhona McInnes</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2134908" type="text/json">{"id":2134908,"first_name":"Rhona","last_name":"McInnes","domain_name":"stir","page_name":"RhonaMcInnes","display_name":"Rhona McInnes","profile_url":"https://stir.academia.edu/RhonaMcInnes?f_ri=30494","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_2090214 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="2090214"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2090214, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_2090214", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_2090214 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2090214; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_2090214"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_2090214 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2090214"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2090214; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2090214]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_2090214").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_2090214").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="2090214"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="202" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Program_Evaluation">Program Evaluation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="202" type="text/json">{"id":202,"name":"Program Evaluation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Program_Evaluation?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="588" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nursing">Nursing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="588" type="text/json">{"id":588,"name":"Nursing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nursing?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="981" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Promotion">Health Promotion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="981" type="text/json">{"id":981,"name":"Health Promotion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Promotion?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2808" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poverty">Poverty</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2808" type="text/json">{"id":2808,"name":"Poverty","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poverty?f_ri=30494","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=2090214]'), work: {"id":2090214,"title":"The process of implementing a 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