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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Career events</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Career_events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Political life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ministries_and_Work" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ministries_and_Work"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Ministries and Work</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ministries_and_Work-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Ministries and Work subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ministries_and_Work-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Minister_of_Finance_(First_time)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Minister_of_Finance_(First_time)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Minister of Finance (First time)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Minister_of_Finance_(First_time)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Minister_of_External_Affairs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Minister_of_External_Affairs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Minister of External Affairs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Minister_of_External_Affairs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pokhran-II_Pressure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pokhran-II_Pressure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.1</span> <span>Pokhran-II Pressure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pokhran-II_Pressure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kargil_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kargil_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.2</span> <span>Kargil War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kargil_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kandahar_Hijack" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kandahar_Hijack"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.3</span> <span>Kandahar Hijack</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kandahar_Hijack-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Minister_of_Defence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Minister_of_Defence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Minister of Defence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Minister_of_Defence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Finance_Minister_(Second_term)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Finance_Minister_(Second_term)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Finance Minister (Second term)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Finance_Minister_(Second_term)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Positions_and_offices" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Positions_and_offices"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Positions and offices</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Positions_and_offices-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Positions and offices subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Positions_and_offices-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Leader_of_Rajya_Sabha" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leader_of_Rajya_Sabha"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Leader of Rajya Sabha</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Leader_of_Rajya_Sabha-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Leader_of_Opposition_(Rajya_Sabha)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leader_of_Opposition_(Rajya_Sabha)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Leader of Opposition (Rajya Sabha)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Leader_of_Opposition_(Rajya_Sabha)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vice-president_nominee" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vice-president_nominee"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Vice-president nominee</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vice-president_nominee-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Controversy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Controversy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Controversy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Positions_held" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Positions_held"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Positions held</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Positions_held-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Publications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Publications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Publications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Publications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.2</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Jaswant Singh</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 31 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-31" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">31 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA_%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%BA" title="جاسوانت سينغ – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جاسوانت سينغ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%82" title="যশবন্ত সিং – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="যশবন্ত সিং" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B9" title="जसवंत सिंह – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="जसवंत सिंह" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaswant_Singh" title="Jaswant Singh – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Jaswant Singh" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaswant_Singh_(Politiker)" title="Jaswant Singh (Politiker) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Jaswant Singh (Politiker)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaswant_Singh" title="Jaswant Singh – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Jaswant Singh" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF" title="جاسوانت سینگ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جاسوانت سینگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaswant_Singh" title="Jaswant Singh – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jaswant Singh" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaswant_Singh" title="Jaswant Singh – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Jaswant Singh" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%9C%E0%AA%B8%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%A4_%E0%AA%B8%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%B9" title="જસવંત સિંહ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="જસવંત સિંહ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B9" title="जसवंत सिंह – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जसवंत सिंह" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaswant_Singh" title="Jaswant Singh – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Jaswant Singh" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaswant_Singh" title="Jaswant Singh – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Jaswant Singh" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%27%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%98_%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%92" title="ג'סוואנט סינג – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ג'סוואנט סינג" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8D" title="ಜಸ್ವಂತ್ ಸಿಂಗ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜಸ್ವಂತ್ ಸಿಂಗ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D" title="ജസ്വന്ത് സിങ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജസ്വന്ത് സിങ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97" title="जसवंतसिंग – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="जसवंतसिंग" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EF%BB%BF%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A4_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%98" title="ਜਸਵੰਤ ਸਿੰਘ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜਸਵੰਤ ਸਿੰਘ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B9" title="जसवंत सिंह – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="जसवंत सिंह" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA_%D8%B3%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%BE" title="جسونت سنگھ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جسونت سنگھ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AB" title="جسونت سینګ – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="جسونت سینګ" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaswant_Singh" title="Jaswant Singh – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Jaswant Singh" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A3%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B8%E1%B1%9B_%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%9D" title="ᱡᱚᱥᱣᱚᱸᱛ ᱥᱤᱝ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱡᱚᱥᱣᱚᱸᱛ ᱥᱤᱝ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaswant_Singh" title="Jaswant Singh – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Jaswant Singh" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA_%D8%B3%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%87%D9%87" title="جسونت سنگهه – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="جسونت سنگهه" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9C%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D" title="ஜஸ்வந்த் சிங் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஜஸ்வந்த் சிங்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D" title="జస్వంత్ సింగ్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="జస్వంత్ సింగ్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA_%D8%B3%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%BE" title="جسونت سنگھ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جسونت سنگھ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaswant_Singh" title="Jaswant Singh – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Jaswant Singh" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaswant_Singh" title="Jaswant Singh – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Jaswant Singh" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B4%BE%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%87%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E8%BE%9B%E6%A0%BC" title="贾斯万特·辛格 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Indian politician (1938–2020)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Jaswant_Singh_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Jaswant Singh (disambiguation)">Jaswant Singh (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Major_(rank)" title="Major (rank)">Major</a></div><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Jaswant Singh</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Jaswant_Singh_as_Defence_Minister_of_India.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Jaswant_Singh_as_Defence_Minister_of_India.jpg/220px-Jaswant_Singh_as_Defence_Minister_of_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="305" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Jaswant_Singh_as_Defence_Minister_of_India.jpg/330px-Jaswant_Singh_as_Defence_Minister_of_India.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Jaswant_Singh_as_Defence_Minister_of_India.jpg/440px-Jaswant_Singh_as_Defence_Minister_of_India.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1001" data-file-height="1389" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Singh as Defence Minister of India in 2001</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Finance_(India)" title="Minister of Finance (India)">21st Union Minister of Finance</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1 July 2002 – 21 May 2004</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Yashwant_Sinha" title="Yashwant Sinha">Yashwant Sinha</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/P._Chidambaram" title="P. Chidambaram">P. Chidambaram</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />16 May 1996 – 1 June 1996</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh">Manmohan Singh</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/P_Chidambaram" class="mw-redirect" title="P Chidambaram">P Chidambaram</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Defence_(India)" title="Minister of Defence (India)">19th Union Minister of Defence</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />16 March 2001 – 18 October 2001</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_Fernandes" title="George Fernandes">George Fernandes</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_Fernandes" title="George Fernandes">George Fernandes</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/External_Affairs_Minister" class="mw-redirect" title="External Affairs Minister">23rd Union Minister of External Affairs</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />25 March 1998 – 1 July 2002</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Yashwant_Sinha" title="Yashwant Sinha">Yashwant Sinha</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_House_in_Rajya_Sabha" title="Leader of the House in Rajya Sabha">24th Leader of House, Rajya Sabha</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />13 October 1999 – 22 May 2004</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_India" title="Vice President of India">Rajya Sabha Chairperson</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Krishan_Kant" title="Krishan Kant">Krishan Kant</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bhairon_Singh_Shekhawat" title="Bhairon Singh Shekhawat">Bhairon Singh Shekhawat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sikander_Bakht" title="Sikander Bakht">Sikander Bakht</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh">Manmohan Singh</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_in_Rajya_Sabha" title="Leader of the Opposition in Rajya Sabha">11th Leader of the Opposition, Rajya Sabha</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />3 June 2004 – 16 May 2009</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh">Manmohan Singh</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_India" title="Vice President of India">Rajya Sabha Chairperson</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhairon_Singh_Shekhawat" title="Bhairon Singh Shekhawat">Bhairon Singh Shekhawat</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Hamid_Ansari" title="Mohammad Hamid Ansari">Mohammad Hamid Ansari</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh">Manmohan Singh</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Arun_Jaitley" title="Arun Jaitley">Arun Jaitley</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Member_of_parliament,_Lok_Sabha" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of parliament, Lok Sabha">Member of parliament, Lok Sabha</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />2009–2014</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dawa_Narbula" title="Dawa Narbula">Dawa Narbula</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Surendrajeet_Singh_Ahluwalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Surendrajeet Singh Ahluwalia">Surendrajeet Singh Ahluwalia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Darjeeling" title="Darjeeling">Darjeeling</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1989–1991</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ashok_Gehlot" title="Ashok Gehlot">Ashok Gehlot</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ashok_Gehlot" title="Ashok Gehlot">Ashok Gehlot</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jodhpur" title="Jodhpur">Jodhpur</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">21st <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Chairman_of_the_Planning_Commission" title="Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission">Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />25 March 1998 – 4 February 1999</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Madhu_Dandavate" title="Madhu Dandavate">Madhu Dandavate</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/K._C._Pant" title="K. C. Pant">K. C. Pant</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1938-01-03</span>)</span>3 January 1938<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Jasol" title="Jasol">Jasol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rajputana_Agency" title="Rajputana Agency">Rajputana Agency</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_India" class="mw-redirect" title="British India">British India</a> (present-day <a href="/wiki/Rajasthan" title="Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a>, India)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">27 September 2020<span style="display:none">(2020-09-27)</span> (aged 82)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a>, India</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">Bharatiya Janata Party</a> (until 2014)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other political<br />affiliations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> (2014 – 2020)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;">Sheetal Kanwar</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1963⁠–⁠2020)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">2 (including <a href="/wiki/Manvendra_Singh" title="Manvendra Singh">Manvendra Singh</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERana_and_Singh390_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERana_and_Singh390-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Military_Academy" title="Indian Military Academy">Indian Military Academy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mayo_College" title="Mayo College">Mayo College</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Outstanding_Parliamentarian_Award" title="Outstanding Parliamentarian Award">Outstanding Parliamentarian Award</a>, 2001<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <br /> <br /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jaswant_Singh(cropped)_Signature.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jaswant Singh's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Jaswant_Singh%28cropped%29_Signature.jpg/128px-Jaswant_Singh%28cropped%29_Signature.jpg" decoding="async" width="128" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Jaswant_Singh%28cropped%29_Signature.jpg/192px-Jaswant_Singh%28cropped%29_Signature.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Jaswant_Singh%28cropped%29_Signature.jpg/256px-Jaswant_Singh%28cropped%29_Signature.jpg 2x" data-file-width="448" data-file-height="224" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data">jaswantsingh.com (defunct)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Military service</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Branch/service</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Indian_Army.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indian_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Indian_Army.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indian_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Indian_Army.svg/46px-Flag_of_Indian_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="450" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Indian_Army" title="Indian Army">Indian Army</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETalbott201045-46_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETalbott201045-46-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1957 – 1966</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Major_of_the_Indian_Army.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Major_of_the_Indian_Army.svg/22px-Major_of_the_Indian_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Major_of_the_Indian_Army.svg/33px-Major_of_the_Indian_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Major_of_the_Indian_Army.svg/44px-Major_of_the_Indian_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="80" data-file-height="203" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Major_(rank)" title="Major (rank)">Major</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Unit</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Central_India_Horse" class="mw-redirect" title="Central India Horse">The Central India Horse</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERana_and_Singh76_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERana_and_Singh76-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Battles/wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1965" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1965">Indo-Pakistani War of 1965</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Indian_War" title="Sino-Indian War">Sino-Indian War</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Major_(rank)" title="Major (rank)">Major</a> <b>Jaswant Singh</b><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (3 January 1938 – 27 September 2020)<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was an officer of the Indian Army and an <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Minister_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet Minister (India)">Indian Cabinet Minister</a>. He was one of the founding members of the <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:4_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was one of India's longest serving parliamentarians, having been a member of the <a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">Rajya Sabha</a> almost continuously between 1980 and 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was NDA's <a href="/wiki/Vice_president" title="Vice president">Vice-presidential</a> candidate in the <a href="/wiki/2012_Indian_vice-presidential_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2012 Indian vice-presidential election">2012 Indian vice-presidential election</a>. Singh was the only leader from <a href="/wiki/Rajasthan" title="Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a> who had the distinction of becoming the Minister Of <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_External_Affairs_(India)" title="Minister of External Affairs (India)">External Affairs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Finance_(India)" title="Minister of Finance (India)">Finance</a> and <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Defence_(India)" title="Minister of Defence (India)">Defence</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He was elected on a <a href="/wiki/BJP" class="mw-redirect" title="BJP">BJP</a> ticket to the <a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">Rajya Sabha</a> five times (1980, 1986, 1998, 1999, 2004) and to the <a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a> four times (1990, 1991, 1996, 2009). During the <a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Alliance_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Democratic Alliance (India)">Vajpayee administration</a> between 1998 and 2004, he held multiple cabinet portfolios including <a href="/wiki/Finance_Minister_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Finance Minister of India">Finance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minister_for_External_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister for External Affairs">External Affairs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Defence_(India)" title="Minister of Defence (India)">Defence</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also served as the <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Chairman_of_the_Planning_Commission" title="Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission">Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission</a> between 1998 and 1999.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the aftermath of India's nuclear tests of 1998, he was deputed by Prime Minister Vajpayee to act as India's representative to hold repeated, long-term dialogue with the United States (represented by <a href="/wiki/Strobe_Talbott" title="Strobe Talbott">Strobe Talbott</a>) on matters related to nuclear policy and strategy; the outcome of the sustained engagement was positive for both countries.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After his party lost power in 2004, he served as <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(India)" title="Leader of the Opposition (India)">Leader of Opposition</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">Rajya Sabha</a> from 2004 to 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Singh incurred the displeasure of his party colleagues when, after the party suffered its second successive defeat in 2009, he circulated a note demanding a thorough discussion on the debacle.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Weeks later, a book authored by him was released, in which he was found to have written sympathetically about <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_Jinnah" title="Muhammad Ali Jinnah">Jinnah</a>. Post the event, Singh found himself marginalised within the party. In the elections of 2014, his party decided not to field him from any constituency. He decided to contest anyway as an independent from his native constituency of <a href="/wiki/Barmer_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Barmer (Lok Sabha constituency)">Barmer</a> (against <a href="/wiki/Sona_Ram" title="Sona Ram">Col. Sonaram Chaudhary</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Rajasthan" title="Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was expelled from the BJP on 29 March 2014 when he did not withdraw his independent candidature, and went on to lose the election.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 7 August 2014, he suffered a fall in the bathroom of residence and suffered a serious head injury.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In June 2020 he was admitted to <a href="/wiki/Army_Hospital_Research_and_Referral" title="Army Hospital Research and Referral">Army's Research and Referral hospital in Delhi</a> for treatment. He remained in a state of coma for six years till his death in 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaswant_Singh&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Singh was born on 3 January 1938 in the village of <a href="/wiki/Jasol" title="Jasol">Jasol</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rajputana_Agency" title="Rajputana Agency">Rajputana Agency</a> of <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British India</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Balotra_district" title="Balotra district">Balotra district</a>) of Rajasthan, India in a <a href="/wiki/Rajput" title="Rajput">Rajput</a> family.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His father was Sardar Singh Rathore of Jasol and mother was Kunwar Baisa. Singh was married to Sheetal Kanwar.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They had two sons. His elder son, <a href="/wiki/Manvendra_Singh" title="Manvendra Singh">Manvendra Singh</a>, is a former Member of Parliament from <a href="/wiki/Barmer_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Barmer (Lok Sabha constituency)">Barmer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was an officer in the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Army" title="Indian Army">Indian Army</a> in the 1960s and was an alumnus of <a href="/wiki/Mayo_College" title="Mayo College">Mayo College</a> and the <a href="/wiki/National_Defence_Academy_(India)" title="National Defence Academy (India)">National Defence Academy</a>, Khadakwasla.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After his education from the <a href="/wiki/National_Defence_Academy_(India)" title="National Defence Academy (India)">National Defence Academy</a>, he was enrolled in the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Army" title="Indian Army">Indian Army</a> in the year 1957 and was designated to the position of the <a href="/wiki/Captain" title="Captain">Captain</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Central_India_Horse" class="mw-redirect" title="Central India Horse">Central India Horse</a> unit. And he was also a participant of <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1965" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1965">Indo-Pakistani War of 1965</a> and was the commander of his unit. He was a <a href="/wiki/Major_(rank)" title="Major (rank)">Major</a> at the time of <a href="/wiki/Sino-Indian_border_dispute" title="Sino-Indian border dispute">Sino-Indian border dispute</a> of the year 1965 after which he retired from the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Army" title="Indian Army">Indian Army</a> in the next year to join politics after serving in the Armed forces for 10 years.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was a close accompany of <a href="/wiki/Bhairon_Singh_Shekhawat" title="Bhairon Singh Shekhawat">Bhairon Singh Shekhawat</a> and made his links with <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Jana_Sangh" title="Bharatiya Jana Sangh">Bharatiya Jana Sangh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was a member and associate of <a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Swayamsevak_Sangh" title="Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh">Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh</a> from the 1960s.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career_events">Career events</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaswant_Singh&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vladimir_Putin_with_Jaswant_Singh-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Vladimir_Putin_with_Jaswant_Singh-1.jpg/248px-Vladimir_Putin_with_Jaswant_Singh-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="248" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Vladimir_Putin_with_Jaswant_Singh-1.jpg/372px-Vladimir_Putin_with_Jaswant_Singh-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Vladimir_Putin_with_Jaswant_Singh-1.jpg/496px-Vladimir_Putin_with_Jaswant_Singh-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="334" /></a><figcaption>Singh with Russian Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> in 2000.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the government of <a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Vajpayee</a>, Singh was External Affairs Minister, and later went on to become the Finance Minister.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was also the Defence Minister when <a href="/wiki/George_Fernandes" title="George Fernandes">George Fernandes</a> was forced to resign after the <a href="/wiki/Tehelka" title="Tehelka">Tehelka</a> exposure.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Singh is widely regarded for his handling of relations with the United States which were strained after the <a href="/wiki/Pokhran-II" title="Pokhran-II">1998 Indian nuclear tests</a> but which ameliorated soon after culminating in <a href="/wiki/List_of_international_trips_made_by_the_President_of_the_United_States#President_Bill_Clinton" class="mw-redirect" title="List of international trips made by the President of the United States">the 2000 visit</a> of <a href="/wiki/U.S._President" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. President">U.S. President</a> <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> to India. His skill as a negotiator and diplomat during talks with the United States has been well acknowledged by his U.S. counterpart <a href="/wiki/Strobe_Talbott" title="Strobe Talbott">Strobe Talbott</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Singh has been frequently criticised by political parties for escorting terrorists to <a href="/wiki/Kandhahar" class="mw-redirect" title="Kandhahar">Kandhahar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>. They were released by the Government of India in exchange for passengers from the hijacked <a href="/wiki/IC_814" class="mw-redirect" title="IC 814">Indian Airlines flight IC 814</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Singh was denied a <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of Parliament">Member of Parliament</a> ticket for <a href="/wiki/Barmer_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Barmer (Lok Sabha constituency)">Barmer</a> by <a href="/wiki/BJP" class="mw-redirect" title="BJP">BJP</a> for the <a href="/wiki/2014_Indian_general_election" title="2014 Indian general election">2014 Indian general election</a> over <a href="/wiki/Sona_Ram" title="Sona Ram">Col. Sonaram Choudhary</a>. Unhappy, Singh filed his nomination as an <a href="/wiki/Independent_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent (politician)">independent</a> candidate from Barmer constituency.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Subsequently, he was expelled from BJP for six years<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and lost the election.<sup id="cite_ref-indiatimes1_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-indiatimes1-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_life">Political life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaswant_Singh&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Political life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Singh entered politics in the 1960s, with the first few years of his political life seeing limited recognition, until he was initiated in the <a href="/wiki/Jan_Sangh" class="mw-redirect" title="Jan Sangh">Jan Sangh</a>. He tasted success in his political career in 1980 when he was first selected for the <a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">Rajya Sabha</a>, the upper house of Indian parliament.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He served as <a href="/wiki/Finance_Minister_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Finance Minister of India">Finance minister</a> in the short-lived government of <a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a>, which lasted just from 16 May 1996, to 1 June 1996. After Vajpayee became Prime Minister again two years later, he became <a href="/wiki/Minister_for_External_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister for External Affairs">Minister for External Affairs</a> of India, serving from 5 December 1998 until 1 July 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Responsible for <a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy" title="Foreign policy">foreign policy</a>, he dealt with high tensions between India and <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July 2002 he became Finance Minister again, switching posts with <a href="/wiki/Yashwant_Sinha" title="Yashwant Sinha">Yashwant Sinha</a>. He served as Finance Minister until the defeat of the Vajpayee government in May 2004 and was instrumental in defining and pushing through the market-friendly reforms of the government.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was conferred the <a href="/wiki/Outstanding_Parliamentarian_Award" title="Outstanding Parliamentarian Award">Outstanding Parliamentarian Award</a> for the year 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 19 August 2009, he was expelled from BJP after criticism over his remarks in his book which allegedly praised the founder of <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> in his book <i><a href="/wiki/Jinnah:_India,_Partition,_Independence" title="Jinnah: India, Partition, Independence">Jinnah – India, Partition, Independence</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His last major position was as <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(India)" title="Leader of the Opposition (India)">Leader of Opposition</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">Rajya Sabha</a> from 2004 to 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He was denied a ticket by the party to contest the 2014 <a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a> Parliamentary Elections from the <a href="/wiki/Barmer_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Barmer (Lok Sabha constituency)">Barmer-Jaisalmer constituency</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rajasthan" title="Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a>. He was subsequently expelled from the BJP after deciding to contest the elections as an <a href="/wiki/Independent_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent (politician)">independent</a> candidate and lost to his former party's candidate <a href="/wiki/Sona_Ram" title="Sona Ram">Col. Sonaram Choudhary</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESingh2013dviii_'''(167-169)'''_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh2013dviii_'''(167-169)'''-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jaswant Singh was elected from Darjeeling Seat from the year 2009 to 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERana_and_Singh394_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERana_and_Singh394-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ministries_and_Work">Ministries and Work</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaswant_Singh&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Ministries and Work"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jaswant Singh held many ministries under the government of <a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a>, including several important such as <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(India)" title="Ministry of Defence (India)">Defence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_External_Affairs_(India)" title="Ministry of External Affairs (India)">External Affairs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(India)" title="Ministry of Finance (India)">Finance</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He has also held many important positions including that of Electronics and Science and Technology.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Minister_of_Finance_(First_time)"><span id="Minister_of_Finance_.28First_time.29"></span>Minister of Finance (First time)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaswant_Singh&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Minister of Finance (First time)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Union_Finance_Minister_Shri_Jaswant_Singh_entering_Parliament_to_present_Interim_General_Budget_in_New_Delhi_on_February_03,_2004.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/The_Union_Finance_Minister_Shri_Jaswant_Singh_entering_Parliament_to_present_Interim_General_Budget_in_New_Delhi_on_February_03%2C_2004.jpg/247px-The_Union_Finance_Minister_Shri_Jaswant_Singh_entering_Parliament_to_present_Interim_General_Budget_in_New_Delhi_on_February_03%2C_2004.jpg" decoding="async" width="247" height="371" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/The_Union_Finance_Minister_Shri_Jaswant_Singh_entering_Parliament_to_present_Interim_General_Budget_in_New_Delhi_on_February_03%2C_2004.jpg/371px-The_Union_Finance_Minister_Shri_Jaswant_Singh_entering_Parliament_to_present_Interim_General_Budget_in_New_Delhi_on_February_03%2C_2004.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/The_Union_Finance_Minister_Shri_Jaswant_Singh_entering_Parliament_to_present_Interim_General_Budget_in_New_Delhi_on_February_03%2C_2004.jpg/494px-The_Union_Finance_Minister_Shri_Jaswant_Singh_entering_Parliament_to_present_Interim_General_Budget_in_New_Delhi_on_February_03%2C_2004.jpg 2x" data-file-width="599" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption>Jaswant Singh in Parliament to present Interim budget.</figcaption></figure><p>Singh remained as the <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Finance_(India)" title="Minister of Finance (India)">Minister of Finance</a> in the short-lived government of <a href="/wiki/First_Vajpayee_ministry" title="First Vajpayee ministry">First Vajpayee government</a> from 16 May 1996 to 1 June 1996. In the short-lived government where he was Minister for just 24 days and there was also economic difficulty, a crisis due to the political instability, and there was a loss of employment similar to the <a href="/wiki/1991_Indian_economic_crisis" title="1991 Indian economic crisis">1991 Indian economic crisis</a> which lead to the decline in the value of <a href="/wiki/Indian_currency" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian currency">Indian currency</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was followed by the instability after the fall of <a href="/wiki/Narsimha_Rao" class="mw-redirect" title="Narsimha Rao">Narsimha Rao government</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After this there was a 1996 Bank Scam after this the fall of Atal Bihari Government automatically Singh was removed from the position and succeeded to <a href="/wiki/P._Chidambaram" title="P. Chidambaram">P. Chidambaram</a> for the position.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Minister_of_External_Affairs">Minister of External Affairs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaswant_Singh&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Minister of External Affairs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After <a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a> becomes the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">Prime Minister of India</a> for the second time in the year 1998, then Singh was appointed as the <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_External_Affairs_(India)" title="Minister of External Affairs (India)">Minister of External Affairs</a> and succeeded <a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a> himself for the position.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was at that time first <a href="/wiki/Rajasthani_people" title="Rajasthani people">Rajasthani</a> to be a <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_External_Affairs_(India)" title="Minister of External Affairs (India)">Minister of External Affairs of India</a> at <a href="/wiki/Union_Council_of_Ministers" title="Union Council of Ministers">Union level</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Central_Government_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Government of India">Central Government</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Singh has been one of the most trusted man of <a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Vajpayee</a> and was given task of making good international relation with other nations.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He has been represented <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">nation</a> at international level in the times of <a href="/wiki/Kargil_War" title="Kargil War">Kargil War</a> and <a href="/wiki/Smiling_Buddha" title="Smiling Buddha">India's nuclear test</a>. He was one of the Indian crisis management team who went to <a href="/wiki/Kandahar" title="Kandahar">Kandahar</a> after the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Airlines_Flight_814" title="Indian Airlines Flight 814">IC 814 plane hijack</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He remained Minister till 5 December 2002 after the removal of <a href="/wiki/George_Fernandes" title="George Fernandes">George Fernandes</a> due to the <a href="/wiki/Tehelka" title="Tehelka">Tehelka</a> conspirancy. As the Minister of External Affairs he launched the first free-trade agreement (with <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a>) in South Asia's history, initiated India's most daring diplomatic opening to <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, revitalised relations with the US, and reoriented the Indian military, abandoning its Soviet-inspired doctrines and weaponry for close ties with the West.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pokhran-II_Pressure">Pokhran-II Pressure</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaswant_Singh&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Pokhran-II Pressure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Pokhran-II" title="Pokhran-II">Pokhran-II</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vladimir_Putin_in_India_2-5_October_2000-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Vladimir_Putin_in_India_2-5_October_2000-1.jpg/241px-Vladimir_Putin_in_India_2-5_October_2000-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="241" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Vladimir_Putin_in_India_2-5_October_2000-1.jpg/362px-Vladimir_Putin_in_India_2-5_October_2000-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Vladimir_Putin_in_India_2-5_October_2000-1.jpg/482px-Vladimir_Putin_in_India_2-5_October_2000-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="334" /></a><figcaption>Singh meeting <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> in 2000.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">BJP</a>, came to power in <a href="/wiki/1998_Indian_general_election" title="1998 Indian general election">1998 general elections</a> with an exclusive <a href="/wiki/Exclusive_mandate" title="Exclusive mandate">public mandate</a>. BJP's political might had been growing steadily in strength over the past decade over several issues.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At that time after the successful test of the Second Nuclear Bomb it was considered a masterstroke by the government, it was said that Singh along with <a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a> and <a href="/wiki/George_Fernandes" title="George Fernandes">George Fernandes</a> were the one who played the important role in the functioning.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was one of the members of "Operation Shakti" and among the 12 people who knew about the secret mission.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His most essential role came into existence after there were made international pressure on the nation due to the secrecy of the mission when <a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a> made a public announcement for the mission.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At that time strong criticism was drawn from Canada on India's actions and its <a href="/wiki/List_of_Ambassadors_and_High_Commissioners_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ambassadors and High Commissioners of Canada">High Commissioner</a>. <a href="/wiki/Economic_sanctions" title="Economic sanctions">Sanctions</a> were also imposed by Japan on India and consisted of freezing all new loans and grants except for humanitarian aid to India.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some other nations also imposed sanctions on India, primarily in the form of suspension of <a href="/wiki/Category:Foreign_aid_to_India" title="Category:Foreign aid to India">foreign aid</a> to India and government-to-government credit lines. However, the United Kingdom, France, and Russia refrained from condemning India.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The biggest affect was on the relations of India with United States and there were made many restrictions on India and at that time Singh managed to control America at <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Kargil_War">Kargil War</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaswant_Singh&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Kargil War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Kargil_War" title="Kargil War">Kargil War</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">Talk by Jaswant Singh</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hishYOzDGB0">Talk and Beyond</a>. Published on 16 January 2020 on <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>After the <a href="/wiki/Kargil_War" title="Kargil War">Kargil War</a> and the win of <a href="/wiki/Indian_Army" title="Indian Army">Indian Armed forces</a> in July 1999 the use of <a href="/wiki/Weapon_of_mass_destruction" title="Weapon of mass destruction">WMD</a> led to a serious pressure of the world on India and this was led by the anger of United States against India due to <a href="/wiki/Pokhran-II" title="Pokhran-II">Pokhran-II Nuclear test series</a> and supported in the favour of Pakistan.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At that time Singh was the one who represented India at the international level and had made many interviews with news channels and also made diplomatic talks with leaders and representatives of the United States], China, France, and many other nations.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After that Singh made an interview with <a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a> in which to strengthening the position of <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Indian Government</a> there was a release of a leaked conversation of <a href="/wiki/Pervez_Musharraf" title="Pervez Musharraf">Pervez Musharraf</a> in which he admitted that he was involved in the attack on India in <a href="/wiki/Kargil_district" title="Kargil district">Kargil district</a> in 1999 and that he also planned an attack to kill <a href="/wiki/Nawaz_Sharif" title="Nawaz Sharif">Nawaz Sharif</a> and become the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Pakistan" title="President of Pakistan">President of Pakistan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was known to be a masterpiece and led to a very strong point resulting in the India's diplomatic relations and proving the burden of war on General Musharraf.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After that India was freed from allegations of the <a href="/wiki/Kargil_War" title="Kargil War">Kargil War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESingh38_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh38-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Kandahar_Hijack">Kandahar Hijack</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaswant_Singh&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Kandahar Hijack"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Indian_Airlines_Flight_814#Political_aftermath" title="Indian Airlines Flight 814">Indian Airlines Flight 814 § Political aftermath</a></div> <p>The terrorists of <a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a> hijacked the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Airlines_Flight_814" title="Indian Airlines Flight 814">Indian Airlines Flight 814</a> on 24 December 1999 on the <a href="/wiki/Tribhuvan_International_Airport" title="Tribhuvan International Airport">Tribhuvan International Airport</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kathmandu,_Nepal" class="mw-redirect" title="Kathmandu, Nepal">Kathmandu, Nepal</a>. The motive for the hijacking apparently was to secure the release of <a href="/wiki/Islamist" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamist">Islamist</a> figures held in prison in India. The hostage crisis lasted for seven days and ended after India agreed to release three militants – <a href="/wiki/Mushtaq_Ahmed_Zargar" title="Mushtaq Ahmed Zargar">Mushtaq Ahmed Zargar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Omar_Saeed_Sheikh" title="Ahmed Omar Saeed Sheikh">Ahmed Omar Saeed Sheikh</a>, and Mulana <a href="/wiki/Masood_Azhar" title="Masood Azhar">Masood Azhar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This hijack was also helped by <a href="/wiki/Dawood_Ibrahim" title="Dawood Ibrahim">Dawood Ibrahim</a> and <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">Al-Qaeda</a> linked <a href="/wiki/Jihadism" title="Jihadism">Jihadis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Then after too much suggestions and pressure then <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a> agrees on the demand of the hijackers of <a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a> and sends <a href="/wiki/Ajit_Doval" title="Ajit Doval">Ajit Doval</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kandahar" title="Kandahar">Kandahar</a> and after that Vajpayee decided to send Singh as he was the one of the most trusted man. He was sent to <a href="/wiki/Kandahar" title="Kandahar">Kandahar</a> of <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> to escort the terrorists and take back the crew members.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was also said that Singh has made a secret talks with <a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a> Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Wakil_Ahmed_Muttawakil" title="Wakil Ahmed Muttawakil">Wakil Ahmed Muttawakil</a> and made an agreement of 3 terrorists in exchange of 170 crew members including men, women and children.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later terrorists also demanded 900 crores rupees and 36 other terrorists, but somehow it was denied.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESingh76_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh76-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 31 December 1999 on New Year of 2000 all 176 were released and they all landed to <a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi_International_Airport" title="Indira Gandhi International Airport">Indira Gandhi International Airport</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The incident is seen as a failure of the <a href="/wiki/BJP" class="mw-redirect" title="BJP">BJP</a> government under Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a> and IB chief <a href="/wiki/Ajit_Doval" title="Ajit Doval">Ajit Doval</a> said that India would have had a stronger negotiating hand if the aircraft had not been allowed to leave Indian territory.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Doval, the IB chief, who led the four-member negotiating team to Kandahar, described the whole incident as a "diplomatic failure" of the government in their inability to make the US and UAE use their influence to help secure a quick release of the passengers.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Singh also received criticism for praising the Taliban for their co-operation after the hostages had been returned.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Defense.gov_News_Photo_010406-D-9880W-020.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Defense.gov_News_Photo_010406-D-9880W-020.jpg/242px-Defense.gov_News_Photo_010406-D-9880W-020.jpg" decoding="async" width="242" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Defense.gov_News_Photo_010406-D-9880W-020.jpg/363px-Defense.gov_News_Photo_010406-D-9880W-020.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Defense.gov_News_Photo_010406-D-9880W-020.jpg/484px-Defense.gov_News_Photo_010406-D-9880W-020.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2764" data-file-height="1984" /></a><figcaption>jaswant Singh having talks on Defence on 6 April 2001, along with <a href="/wiki/Donald_H._Rumsfeld" class="mw-redirect" title="Donald H. Rumsfeld">Donald H. Rumsfeld</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Minister_of_Defence">Minister of Defence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaswant_Singh&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Minister of Defence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Singh was appointed as the <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Defence_(India)" title="Minister of Defence (India)">Minister of Defence of India</a> in the year 2000 after minister before him, <a href="/wiki/George_Fernandes" title="George Fernandes">George Fernandes</a> was convicted in the <a href="/wiki/Tehelka_as_Metaphor" title="Tehelka as Metaphor">Tehelka case</a> and was forced to resign from his position.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He remained as the Minister from 2000 to 2001 after which <a href="/wiki/George_Fernandes" title="George Fernandes">Fernandes</a> was re-appointed as the <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Defence_(India)" title="Minister of Defence (India)">Minister of Defence</a> after getting cleanchit in the conspiracy.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After that in the year 2002 he was re-appointed as the <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Finance_(India)" title="Minister of Finance (India)">Minister of Finance of India</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Vajpayee_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Vajpayee Government">Vajpayee Government</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Finance_Minister_(Second_term)"><span id="Finance_Minister_.28Second_term.29"></span>Finance Minister (Second term)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaswant_Singh&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Finance Minister (Second term)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Composition_of_indias_agricultural_output_in_2003-04.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Composition_of_indias_agricultural_output_in_2003-04.png/241px-Composition_of_indias_agricultural_output_in_2003-04.png" decoding="async" width="241" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Composition_of_indias_agricultural_output_in_2003-04.png/362px-Composition_of_indias_agricultural_output_in_2003-04.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/Composition_of_indias_agricultural_output_in_2003-04.png 2x" data-file-width="442" data-file-height="337" /></a><figcaption>Composition of Agricultural output.</figcaption></figure> <p>After returning of <a href="/wiki/George_Fernandes" title="George Fernandes">George Fernandes</a> as the Defence Minister for the second time after getting cleanchit in <a href="/wiki/Tehelka" title="Tehelka">Tehelka</a> case, Singh was appointed as the <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Finance_(India)" title="Minister of Finance (India)">Union Minister of Finance</a> in 2002 and remained till 2004 after the <a href="/wiki/Vajpayee_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Vajpayee Government">Vajpayee Government</a> lost the 2004 General Election and passed the position to <a href="/wiki/P._Chidambaram" title="P. Chidambaram">P. Chidambaram</a>. In his reign of 2 years for the second time he has been known to make market-friendly reforms in the <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_India" title="Economy of India">Economy of India</a> and due to his good diplomatic skills and good relations with other nations from the times when he was the <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_External_Affairs_(India)" title="Minister of External Affairs (India)">Minister of External Affairs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In late 2002 and 2003 the government pushed through economic reforms.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to the good administration of Jaswant Singh the country's GDP growth exceeded 7% every year from 2003 to 2007, following three years of sub-5% growth.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Increasing foreign investment, modernisation of public and industrial infrastructure, the creation of jobs, a rising high-tech and IT industry and urban modernisation and expansion improved the nation's international image. Good crop harvests and strong industrial expansion also helped the economy.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The rate of stock growth under him as the Finance Ministry was also at the one of the highest point in the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Economic_Growth" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Economic Growth">Indian Economic Growth</a> groth history under the period of two years of his ministry and the Inflation rate was also very much good in the period of the two years.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 2002 to 2004, the <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_India" title="Economy of India">economy of India</a> was one of the fastest growing in the world and one of the leading agricultural nations and second most output after <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Positions_and_offices">Positions and offices</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaswant_Singh&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Positions and offices"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Leader_of_Rajya_Sabha">Leader of Rajya Sabha</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaswant_Singh&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Leader of Rajya Sabha"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jaswant Singh was appointed as the <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament,_Rajya_Sabha" title="Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha">Member of Parliament of Rajya Sabha</a> for the fourth time in the year 1999 and after the formation of the <a href="/wiki/Vajpayee_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Vajpayee Government">Vajpayee Government</a> he was appointed as the <a href="/wiki/Leaders_of_Rajya_Sabha" class="mw-redirect" title="Leaders of Rajya Sabha">Leader of Rajya Sabha</a> on 13 October 1999 and remained till the time of fall of the Vajpayee Government on 22 May 2004 and succeeded the position to then <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">Prime Minister</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh">Manmohan Singh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the time period Jaswant Singh held many crucial positions and ministries and before that he was previously serving in the position of <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_External_Affairs_(India)" title="Minister of External Affairs (India)">Minister of External Affairs of India</a> at <a href="/wiki/Union_Government_ministries_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Union Government ministries of India">Union Government</a> and in this period he served as <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Defence_(India)" title="Minister of Defence (India)">Minister of Defence</a> and <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Finance_(India)" title="Minister of Finance (India)">Finance</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Leader_of_Opposition_(Rajya_Sabha)"><span id="Leader_of_Opposition_.28Rajya_Sabha.29"></span>Leader of Opposition (Rajya Sabha)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaswant_Singh&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Leader of Opposition (Rajya Sabha)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> After the <a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Vajpayee's</a> government fell down and after that Singh who was earlier a <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament,_Rajya_Sabha" title="Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha">Member of Parliament</a> from <a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">Rajya Sabha</a> from the state of <a href="/wiki/Rajasthan" title="Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a> was appointed as the Leader of Opposition of <a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">Rajya Sabha</a> and hold the position for a time period of 5 years from 2004 to 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The mastermind of <a href="/wiki/Rajasthan" title="Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bhairon_Singh_Shekhawat" title="Bhairon Singh Shekhawat">Bhairon Singh Shekhawat</a> when was appointed as the <a href="/wiki/Vice-President_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice-President of India">Vice-President of India</a> and at that time Singh took the responsibility of strengthening the party in <a href="/wiki/Central_Government_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Government of India">Central level</a> and main focus in the state of <a href="/wiki/Rajasthan" title="Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the fall of <a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Alliance" title="National Democratic Alliance">National Democratic Alliance</a> in the year 2004 and the weakening of senior-<a href="/wiki/BJP" class="mw-redirect" title="BJP">BJP</a> leaders like <a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Murli_Manohar_Joshi" title="Murli Manohar Joshi">Murli Manohar Joshi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lal_Krishna_Advani" class="mw-redirect" title="Lal Krishna Advani">Lal Krishna Advani</a> and the politics of other big leaders like <a href="/wiki/Bhairon_Singh_Shekhawat" title="Bhairon Singh Shekhawat">Bhairon Singh Shekhawat</a> in central level, Singh as the leader of Opposition shifted his politics for the strengthening of the <a href="/wiki/BJP" class="mw-redirect" title="BJP">party</a> in ground roots and in state levels in states of <a href="/wiki/Western_India" title="Western India">Western India</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh" title="Madhya Pradesh">Madhya Pradesh</a> and specially <a href="/wiki/Rajasthan" title="Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under this period Singh also served many non political position in the <a href="/wiki/Indian_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian government">Indian government</a> remaining as the leader of Opposition including: "Member of Committee for General purposes (from 2005-2006)", "Member, Committee on Science and Technology, Environment and Forests (from August 2004 to August 2004)" and "Member of Joint Parliamentary Committee on the Installation of Portraits/Statues of National Leaders and Parliamentarians in Parliament House Complex (August 2004 – May 2009)".<sup id="cite_ref-:2_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After that then he was expelled from the party.</p><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shri_Jaswant_Singh_filing_the_nomination_papers_for_the_Vice_Presidential_election,_at_Parliament,_in_New_Delhi_on_July_20,_2012._The_Leader_of_Opposition_in_Lok_Sabha,_Smt._Sushma_Swaraj_and_other_dignitaries_are_also_seen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Shri_Jaswant_Singh_filing_the_nomination_papers_for_the_Vice_Presidential_election%2C_at_Parliament%2C_in_New_Delhi_on_July_20%2C_2012._The_Leader_of_Opposition_in_Lok_Sabha%2C_Smt._Sushma_Swaraj_and_other_dignitaries_are_also_seen.jpg/241px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="241" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Shri_Jaswant_Singh_filing_the_nomination_papers_for_the_Vice_Presidential_election%2C_at_Parliament%2C_in_New_Delhi_on_July_20%2C_2012._The_Leader_of_Opposition_in_Lok_Sabha%2C_Smt._Sushma_Swaraj_and_other_dignitaries_are_also_seen.jpg/362px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Shri_Jaswant_Singh_filing_the_nomination_papers_for_the_Vice_Presidential_election%2C_at_Parliament%2C_in_New_Delhi_on_July_20%2C_2012._The_Leader_of_Opposition_in_Lok_Sabha%2C_Smt._Sushma_Swaraj_and_other_dignitaries_are_also_seen.jpg/482px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2200" data-file-height="1490" /></a><figcaption>Jaswant Singh submitting nomination papers for <a href="/wiki/Vice-President_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice-President of India">Vice-President of India</a>, along with <a href="/wiki/Sushma_Swaraj" title="Sushma Swaraj">Sushma Swaraj</a>(left) and <a href="/wiki/L_K_Advani" class="mw-redirect" title="L K Advani">L K Advani</a>(backward).</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vice-president_nominee">Vice-president nominee</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaswant_Singh&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Vice-president nominee"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2012_Indian_vice_presidential_election" title="2012 Indian vice presidential election">2012 Indian vice presidential election</a></div> <p>He was the candidate for the post of <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_India" title="Vice President of India">Vice-president</a> for the NDA in 2012. Singh had filed his nomination papers on 20 July in the presence of <a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Alliance_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Democratic Alliance (India)">National Democratic Alliance</a> coalition leaders.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Three sets of papers- one each by <a href="/wiki/L._K._Advani" title="L. K. Advani">L. K. Advani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sumitra_Mahajan" title="Sumitra Mahajan">Sumitra Mahajan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yashwant_Sinha" title="Yashwant Sinha">Yashwant Sinha</a>, supporting Singh's candidature were submitted to the returning officer Viswanathan. His candidature was announced by the NDA on 16 July.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He meet <a href="/wiki/All_India_Anna_Dravida_Munnetra_Kazhagam" title="All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam">All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Jayalalithaa" class="mw-redirect" title="Jayalalithaa">Jayalalithaa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Naveen_Patnaik" title="Naveen Patnaik">Naveen Patnaik</a> of <a href="/wiki/Biju_Janata_Dal" title="Biju Janata Dal">Biju Janata Dal</a> on 6 August asking them to support his candidature. He lost to <a href="/wiki/Hamid_Ansari" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamid Ansari">Hamid Ansari</a> who was the UPA's <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_India" title="Vice President of India">Vice-presidential</a> candidate.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the Election he got 238 seats and received 32.69% of the votes, while <a href="/wiki/Hamid_Ansari" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamid Ansari">Hamid Ansari</a> got 490 seats and received 67.31% of the votes.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversy">Controversy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaswant_Singh&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Controversy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>A controversy erupted immediately after the release of his book, <i>"A Call to Honour,"</i> in which Singh insinuated that a mole had existed in the Prime Ministerial Office during the tenure of <a href="/wiki/P._V._Narasimha_Rao" title="P. V. Narasimha Rao">P. V. Narasimha Rao</a>, who had leaked information to U.S. sources about India's nuclear tests. Soon after, Indian Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh">Manmohan Singh</a> challenged him to name the mole. In response, Singh sent a letter to him. The letter, Manmohan Singh said later, had no signature, and no name of any mole. Jaswant Singh then backed off, saying his views on the subject were based on a "hunch".<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Controversy hovered around him again when on 17 August 2009 another book authored by him, entitled <i><a href="/wiki/Jinnah:_India-Partition-Independence" class="mw-redirect" title="Jinnah: India-Partition-Independence">Jinnah: India-Partition-Independence</a></i>, was released. In this he praised <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Ali_Jinnah" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohammad Ali Jinnah">Mohammad Ali Jinnah</a> and claimed that the centralised policy of <a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a> was responsible for Partition.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was later expelled from the primary membership of BJP as a result of the ensuing controversy.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In interviews with media he quoted BJP as narrow-minded and to have limited thought. In 2010, he was readmitted to BJP.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaswant_Singh&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatleft" style="width:500px; ; color: #202122;background-color: #00FF00;"> <div class="quotebox-title" style="color: #202122;background-color: #ADD8E6;">Statement on Singh's death</div> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p>It is with profound grief that we inform you about the sad demise of Hon’ble Major Jaswant Singh (Retd), former Cabinet Minister of Government of India at 6:55 a.m. on September 27, 2020. He was admitted on June 25, 2020, and being treated for Sepsis with Multiorgan Dysfunction Syndrome and effects of Severe Head Injury old (Optd) had a cardiac arrest this morning,” </p> </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">Naresh Raj, Army Research and Referral Hospital<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div> </div> <p>In June 2020, Singh was admitted to the Delhi's Army Hospital and was being treated for <a href="/wiki/Sepsis" title="Sepsis">sepsis</a> with multi-organ dysfunction syndrome and effects of a severe head injury he suffered as a result of a fall in 2014. On 27 September he suffered cardiac arrest. Singh died at the age of 82 years.<sup id="cite_ref-NDTV_110-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NDTV-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TimesofIndia920_111-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TimesofIndia920-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His death was triggered as a sign of honour and was mourned with full esteem and with state funeral.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His last rites were done by his son <a href="/wiki/Manvendra_Singh" title="Manvendra Singh">Manvendra Singh</a> and was cremated in <a href="/wiki/Jodhpur" title="Jodhpur">Jodhpur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rajasthan" title="Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a> with full <a href="/wiki/Hindu_rites" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu rites">Hindu rituals</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a> only family members were present and very few relatives. <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a> reacted on his death stated that "Jaswant Singh Ji served our nation diligently, first as a soldier and later during his long association with politics. During <a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Ji's</a> Government, he handled crucial portfolios and left a strong mark in the worlds of <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Finance_(India)" title="Minister of Finance (India)">Finance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Defence_(India)" title="Minister of Defence (India)">Defence</a> and <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_External_Affairs_(India)" title="Minister of External Affairs (India)">External affairs</a>. Saddened by his demise"<sup id="cite_ref-Service_115-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Service-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Positions_held">Positions held</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaswant_Singh&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Positions held"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Prime_Minister_Shri_Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee_is_being_presented_with_a_PAN_card_by_the_Finance_Minister_Shri_Jaswant_Singh_and_Chairman_CBDT_Shri_P.L._Singh,_in_New_Delhi_on_January_24,_2004.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/The_Prime_Minister_Shri_Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee_is_being_presented_with_a_PAN_card_by_the_Finance_Minister_Shri_Jaswant_Singh_and_Chairman_CBDT_Shri_P.L._Singh%2C_in_New_Delhi_on_January_24%2C_2004.jpg/237px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="237" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/The_Prime_Minister_Shri_Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee_is_being_presented_with_a_PAN_card_by_the_Finance_Minister_Shri_Jaswant_Singh_and_Chairman_CBDT_Shri_P.L._Singh%2C_in_New_Delhi_on_January_24%2C_2004.jpg/356px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/The_Prime_Minister_Shri_Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee_is_being_presented_with_a_PAN_card_by_the_Finance_Minister_Shri_Jaswant_Singh_and_Chairman_CBDT_Shri_P.L._Singh%2C_in_New_Delhi_on_January_24%2C_2004.jpg/474px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="833" /></a><figcaption>Jaswant Singh with <a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a> and P. L. Singh in <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a> on 24 January 2004.</figcaption></figure> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/1980_Indian_Rajya_Sabha_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="1980 Indian Rajya Sabha elections">1980 – Elected to Rajya Sabha</a> (1st term)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_Indian_Rajya_Sabha_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="1986 Indian Rajya Sabha elections">1986 – Re-elected to Rajya Sabha</a> (2nd term)</li> <li>1986 – 1989 – Member, Public Accounts Committee, Rajya Sabha</li> <li>1986 – 1989 – Member, Committee on Privileges, Rajya Sabha</li> <li>1986 – 1989 – Member, Committee on Public Undertakings, Rajya Sabha</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninth_Lok_Sabha" class="mw-redirect" title="Ninth Lok Sabha">1989 – Elected to 9th Lok Sabha</a> from <a href="/wiki/Jodhpur_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jodhpur (Lok Sabha constituency)">Jodhpur</a></li> <li>1990 – 1992 – Member, Consultative Committee constituted under the Punjab State Legislature (Delegation of Power) Act, 1987</li> <li>1989 – 1991 – Member, Panel of chairmen, Lok Sabha</li> <li>1991 – 1996 – Chairman, Estimates Committee</li> <li><a href="/wiki/10th_Lok_Sabha" title="10th Lok Sabha">1991 – Re-elected to 10th Lok Sabha</a> (2nd term) from <a href="/wiki/Chittorgarh_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chittorgarh (Lok Sabha constituency)">Chittorgarh</a></li> <li>1991 – 1992 – Chairman, Committee on Environment and Forests</li> <li>1991 – 1994 – Member, Business Advisory Committee</li> <li>1992 – Member, Joint Parliamentary Committee to enquire into Irregularities in Securities and Banking Transactions</li> <li>1993 – 1996 – Chairman, Standing Committee on Energy</li> <li><a href="/wiki/11th_Lok_Sabha" title="11th Lok Sabha">1996 – Re-elected to 11th Lok Sabha</a> (3rd term) from <a href="/wiki/Chittorgarh_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chittorgarh (Lok Sabha constituency)">Chittorgarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Finance_(India)" title="Minister of Finance (India)">May 1996 – June 1996 – Union Cabinet Minister, Finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Chairman_of_the_Planning_Commission" title="Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission">March 1998 – February 1998 – Deputy Chairman, Planning Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_Indian_Rajya_Sabha_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="1998 Indian Rajya Sabha elections">July 1998 – Re-elected to Rajya Sabha</a> (3rd term)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_External_Affairs_(India)" title="Minister of External Affairs (India)">December 1998 – July 2000 – Union Cabinet Minister, External Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Electronics_and_Information_Technology" title="Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology">February 1999 – October 1999 – Union Cabinet Minister, Electronics</a> (Simultaneous charge)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Road_Transport_and_Highways" title="Ministry of Road Transport and Highways">August 1999 – October 1999 – Union Cabinet Minister, Surface Transport</a> (Simultaneous charge)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Indian_Rajya_Sabha_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="1999 Indian Rajya Sabha elections">October 1999 – Re-elected to Rajya Sabha</a> (4th term)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Defence_(India)" title="Minister of Defence (India)">March 2001 – October 2001 – Union Cabinet Minister, Defence</a> (Simultaneous charges)</li> <li>July 2002 – April 2004 – Union Minister, Finance & Company Affairs</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Finance_(India)" title="Minister of Finance (India)">April 2002 – May 2004 – Union Cabinet Minister, Finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Indian_Rajya_Sabha_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="2004 Indian Rajya Sabha elections">2004 – Re-elected to Rajya Sabha</a> (5th term)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(India)" title="Leader of the Opposition (India)">2004 – Leader of Opposition, Rajya Sabha</a></li> <li>August 2004 – August 2006 – Member, Committee on Science and Technology, Environment and Forests</li> <li>August 2004 – May 2009 – Member, Joint Parliamentary Committee on the Installation of Portraits/Statues of National Leaders and Parliamentarians in Parliament House Complex<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>August 2005 – Member, General Purposes Committee</li> <li><a href="/wiki/15th_Lok_Sabha" title="15th Lok Sabha">2009 – Re-elected to 15th Lok Sabha</a> (4th term) from <a href="/wiki/Darjeeling_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Darjeeling (Lok Sabha constituency)">Darjeeling</a></li> <li>August 2009 – December 2009 – Chairman, Committee on Public Accounts</li> <li>September 2009 – Member, Committee on Budget</li> <li>January 2010 – Member, Committee on Public Accounts</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publications">Publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaswant_Singh&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSingh1996" class="citation book cs1">Singh, Jaswant (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1119753542"><i>National Security</i></a>. Spantech & Lancer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-897829-18-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-897829-18-3"><bdi>1-897829-18-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1119753542">1119753542</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=National+Security.&rft.pub=Spantech+%26+Lancer&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1119753542&rft.isbn=1-897829-18-3&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Jaswant&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F1119753542&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaswant+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingh1999" class="citation book cs1">Singh, Jaswant (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1004385546"><i>Defending India</i></a>. London. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-349-27191-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-349-27191-7"><bdi>978-1-349-27191-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1004385546">1004385546</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Defending+India&rft.place=London&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1004385546&rft.isbn=978-1-349-27191-7&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Jaswant&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F1004385546&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaswant+Singh" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingh2001" class="citation book cs1">Singh, Jaswant (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/48517870"><i>District diary</i></a>. New Delhi: Macmillan India Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-333-93643-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-333-93643-4"><bdi>0-333-93643-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/48517870">48517870</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=District+diary&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pub=Macmillan+India+Ltd&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F48517870&rft.isbn=0-333-93643-4&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Jaswant&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F48517870&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaswant+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingh2006" class="citation book cs1">Singh, Jaswant (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/76872107"><i>Travels in Transoxiana : in lands over the Hindu-Kush & across the Amu Darya</i></a>. New Delhi: Rupa & Co. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-291-1002-4" title="Special:BookSources/81-291-1002-4"><bdi>81-291-1002-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/76872107">76872107</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Travels+in+Transoxiana+%3A+in+lands+over+the+Hindu-Kush+%26+across+the+Amu+Darya&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pub=Rupa+%26+Co&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F76872107&rft.isbn=81-291-1002-4&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Jaswant&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F76872107&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaswant+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingh2007" class="citation book cs1">Singh, Jaswant (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/965828245"><i>In service of emergent India : a call to honour</i></a>. Singh, Jaswant, 1938-. Bloomington. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-02800-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-253-02800-6"><bdi>978-0-253-02800-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/965828245">965828245</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+service+of+emergent+India+%3A+a+call+to+honour&rft.place=Bloomington&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F965828245&rft.isbn=978-0-253-02800-6&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Jaswant&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F965828245&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaswant+Singh" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSinghSingh2007" class="citation book cs1">Singh, Jaswant; <a href="/wiki/Manvendra_Singh" title="Manvendra Singh">Singh, Manvendra</a> (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/132681691"><i>Till memory serves : Victoria Cross winners of India</i></a>. New Delhi: Rupa & Co. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-291-1115-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-291-1115-9"><bdi>978-81-291-1115-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/132681691">132681691</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Till+memory+serves+%3A+Victoria+Cross+winners+of+India&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pub=Rupa+%26+Co&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F132681691&rft.isbn=978-81-291-1115-9&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Jaswant&rft.au=Singh%2C+Manvendra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F132681691&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaswant+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingh2006" class="citation book cs1">Singh, Jaswant (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/144754897"><i>Khānakhānā nāmā</i></a>. Naī Dillī: Rūpā eṇḍa Kampanī. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-291-1055-5" title="Special:BookSources/81-291-1055-5"><bdi>81-291-1055-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/144754897">144754897</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kh%C4%81nakh%C4%81n%C4%81+n%C4%81m%C4%81&rft.place=Na%C4%AB+Dill%C4%AB&rft.pub=R%C5%ABp%C4%81+e%E1%B9%87%E1%B8%8Da+Kampan%C4%AB&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F144754897&rft.isbn=81-291-1055-5&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Jaswant&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F144754897&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaswant+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSinghBhāṭiyāManekshaw2008" class="citation book cs1">Singh, Jaswant; Bhāṭiyā, Sūraja; <a href="/wiki/Sam_Manekshaw" title="Sam Manekshaw">Manekshaw, Sam</a> (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/222670160"><i>Conflict and diplomacy : US and the birth of Bangladesh, Pakistan divides</i></a>. 1914-2008. <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>: Rupa & Co. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-291-1335-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-291-1335-1"><bdi>978-81-291-1335-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/222670160">222670160</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Conflict+and+diplomacy+%3A+US+and+the+birth+of+Bangladesh%2C+Pakistan+divides&rft.place=New+Delhi%2C+India&rft.pub=Rupa+%26+Co&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F222670160&rft.isbn=978-81-291-1335-1&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Jaswant&rft.au=Bh%C4%81%E1%B9%ADiy%C4%81%2C+S%C5%ABraja&rft.au=Manekshaw%2C+Sam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F222670160&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaswant+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingh2010" class="citation book cs1">Singh, Jaswant (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/611042665"><i>Jinnah : India, partition, independence</i></a>. Oxford: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxford University">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-547927-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-547927-0"><bdi>978-0-19-547927-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/611042665">611042665</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jinnah+%3A+India%2C+partition%2C+independence&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F611042665&rft.isbn=978-0-19-547927-0&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Jaswant&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F611042665&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaswant+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingh2012" class="citation book cs1">Singh, Jaswant (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/820430326"><i>The audacity of opinion : reflections, journeys, musings</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-93-81506-18-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-93-81506-18-9"><bdi>978-93-81506-18-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/820430326">820430326</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+audacity+of+opinion+%3A+reflections%2C+journeys%2C+musings&rft.place=New+Delhi%2C+India&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F820430326&rft.isbn=978-93-81506-18-9&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Jaswant&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F820430326&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaswant+Singh" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingh2013" class="citation book cs1">Singh, Jaswant (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/866857167"><i>India at risk : mistakes, misconceptions and misadventures of security policy</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-291-2907-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-291-2907-9"><bdi>978-81-291-2907-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/866857167">866857167</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=India+at+risk+%3A+mistakes%2C+misconceptions+and+misadventures+of+security+policy&rft.place=New+Delhi%2C+India&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F866857167&rft.isbn=978-81-291-2907-9&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Jaswant&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F866857167&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaswant+Singh" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSinghDutta2011" class="citation book cs1">Singh, Jaswant; Dutta, H. N. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1181908479"><i>Antarctica</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1611228151" title="Special:BookSources/978-1611228151"><bdi>978-1611228151</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1181908479">1181908479</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Antarctica&rft.place=New+Delhi%2C+India&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1181908479&rft.isbn=978-1611228151&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Jaswant&rft.au=Dutta%2C+H.+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F1181908479&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaswant+Singh" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingh2007" class="citation book cs1">Singh, Jaswant (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/132681691"><i>Till Memory Serves: Victoria Cross Winners</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>: Rupa & Co. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788129111159" title="Special:BookSources/9788129111159"><bdi>9788129111159</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/132681691">132681691</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Till+Memory+Serves%3A+Victoria+Cross+Winners&rft.place=New+Delhi%2C+India&rft.pub=Rupa+%26+Co&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F132681691&rft.isbn=9788129111159&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Jaswant&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F132681691&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaswant+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaswant_Singh&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/32px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/48px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/64px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:India" title="Portal:India">India portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/28px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/42px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/56px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jinnah:_India,_Partition,_Independence" title="Jinnah: India, Partition, Independence">Jinnah: India, Partition, Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banga_Bibhushan" title="Banga Bibhushan">Banga Bibhushan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_House_(Rajya_Sabha)" class="mw-redirect" title="Leader of the House (Rajya Sabha)">Leader of Rajya Sabha</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaswant_Singh&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/dʒ/: 'j' in 'jam'">dʒ</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'w' in 'wind'">w</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/ŋ/: 'ng' in 'sing'">ŋ</span></span>/</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/2\/24\/En-us-Jaswant_Singh_from_India_pronunciation_%28Voice_of_America%29.ogg\/En-us-Jaswant_Singh_from_India_pronunciation_%28Voice_of_America%29.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"En-us-Jaswant Singh from India pronunciation (Voice of America).ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/24/En-us-Jaswant_Singh_from_India_pronunciation_%28Voice_of_America%29.ogg/En-us-Jaswant_Singh_from_India_pronunciation_%28Voice_of_America%29.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:En-us-Jaswant_Singh_from_India_pronunciation_(Voice_of_America).ogg" title="File:En-us-Jaswant Singh from India pronunciation (Voice of America).ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span>; <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Gujarati pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="gu-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Gujarati" title="Help:IPA/Gujarati">[ˈdʒəsʋənt<span class="wrap"> </span>siŋɡʱ]</a></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Under Atal Bihari Vajpayee, Singh handled key ministries such as Ministry of Defence, Ministry of External Affairs and Ministry of Finance.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jaswant Singh Was The Only Leader From Rajasthan Who Had The Distinction Of Becoming The Minister Of External Affairs.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The triumvirate consisted of Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">A B Vajpayee</a>, Defence Minister <a href="/wiki/George_Fernandes" title="George Fernandes">George Fernandes</a> and Jaswant Singh. There were a handful more, politicians and scientists, who were in the know of the top-secret mission which was code-named, ‘Operation Shakthi’.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jaswant Singh positions from 1999 to 2004 as the <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_House_(Rajya_Sabha)" class="mw-redirect" title="Leader of the House (Rajya Sabha)">Leader of Rajya Sabha</a>; <ul><li>December 1998 – July 2000 – Union Cabinet Minister, External Affairs.</li> <li>February 1999 – October 1999 – Union Cabinet Minister, Electronics (Simultaneous charge).</li> <li>August 1999 – October 1999 – Union Cabinet Minister, Surface Transport (Simultaneous charge).</li> <li>March 2001 – October 2001 – Union Cabinet Minister, Defence (Simultaneous charges).</li> <li>July 2002 – April 2004 – Union Minister, Finance & Company Affairs.</li> <li>April 2002 – May 2004 – Union Cabinet Minister, Finance.</li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Singh, a former Army officer, had been ill after a fall at his home in August 2014 and was admitted to the Army Research and Referral Hospital. He had been in and out of the hospital and was admitted again in June 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaswant_Singh&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaswant_Singh&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elections.in/political-leaders/jaswant-singh.html">"Jaswant Singh Biography"</a>. <i>Election.in</i>. 23 June 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190811084313/https://www.elections.in/political-leaders/jaswant-singh.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Election.in&rft.atitle=Jaswant+Singh+Biography&rft.date=2020-06-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elections.in%2Fpolitical-leaders%2Fjaswant-singh.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaswant+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVardhan2020" class="citation web cs1">Vardhan, Anand (28 September 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newslaundry.com/2020/09/28/jaswant-singh-the-realist-who-reshaped-indias-foreign-policy-discourse">"Jaswant Singh: The realist who reshaped India's foreign policy discourse"</a>. <i>Newslaundry.in</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201029103521/https://www.newslaundry.com/2020/09/28/jaswant-singh-the-realist-who-reshaped-indias-foreign-policy-discourse">Archived</a> from the original on 29 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Newslaundry.in&rft.atitle=Jaswant+Singh%3A+The+realist+who+reshaped+India%27s+foreign+policy+discourse&rft.date=2020-09-28&rft.aulast=Vardhan&rft.aufirst=Anand&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newslaundry.com%2F2020%2F09%2F28%2Fjaswant-singh-the-realist-who-reshaped-indias-foreign-policy-discourse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaswant+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/former-bjp-leader-jaswant-singh-dead/articleshow/78343032.cms">"Former BJP leader Jaswant Singh passes away"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a></i>. 27 September 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201022065458/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/former-bjp-leader-jaswant-singh-dead/articleshow/78343032.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 22 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Former+BJP+leader+Jaswant+Singh+passes+away&rft.date=2020-09-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Findia%2Fformer-bjp-leader-jaswant-singh-dead%2Farticleshow%2F78343032.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaswant+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERana_and_Singh390-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERana_and_Singh390_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRana_and_Singh">Rana and Singh</a>, p. 390.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201025113120/https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2020/sep/27/outstanding-parliamentarian-great-administratorpatriot-l-k-advani-on-jaswant-singh-2202580.html">"Outstanding award to Jaswant Singh"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Indian_Express" title="The New Indian Express">The New Indian Express</a></i>. 27 September 2020. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2020/sep/27/outstanding-parliamentarian-great-administratorpatriot-l-k-advani-on-jaswant-singh-2202580.html">the original</a> on 25 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=Outstanding+award+to+Jaswant+Singh&rft.date=2020-09-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newindianexpress.com%2Fnation%2F2020%2Fsep%2F27%2Foutstanding-parliamentarian-great-administratorpatriot-l-k-advani-on-jaswant-singh-2202580.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaswant+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETalbott201045-46-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETalbott201045-46_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTalbott2010">Talbott 2010</a>, p. 45-46.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERana_and_Singh76-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERana_and_Singh76_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRana_and_Singh">Rana and Singh</a>, p. 76.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/former-union-minister-and-bjp-leader-jaswant-singh-dies-at-82-saddened-by-his-demise-tweets-pm-modi-2301608">"Ex-Union Minister Jaswant Singh Dies At 82. "Saddened By Demise," Says PM"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NDTV" title="NDTV">NDTV</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200927082335/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/former-union-minister-and-bjp-leader-jaswant-singh-dies-at-82-saddened-by-his-demise-tweets-pm-modi-2301608">Archived</a> from the original on 27 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ex-Union+Minister+Jaswant+Singh+Dies+At+82.+%22Saddened+By+Demise%2C%22+Says+PM&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ndtv.com%2Findia-news%2Fformer-union-minister-and-bjp-leader-jaswant-singh-dies-at-82-saddened-by-his-demise-tweets-pm-modi-2301608&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaswant+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:4_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rediff.com/news/special/jaswants-expulsion-is-the-bjps-gift-to-the-rss/20090820.htm">"Jaswant's expulsion is the BJP's gift to the RSS"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Rediff" class="mw-redirect" title="Rediff">Rediff</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181225080511/https://www.rediff.com/news/special/jaswants-expulsion-is-the-bjps-gift-to-the-rss/20090820.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 25 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rediff&rft.atitle=Jaswant%27s+expulsion+is+the+BJP%27s+gift+to+the+RSS&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rediff.com%2Fnews%2Fspecial%2Fjaswants-expulsion-is-the-bjps-gift-to-the-rss%2F20090820.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaswant+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thewire.in/politics/jaswant-singh-passes-away-timeline-chronology-minister">"The Dates That Defined the Life and Times of Jaswant Singh (1938-2020)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wire_(India)" title="The Wire (India)">The Wire</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200927082336/https://thewire.in/politics/jaswant-singh-passes-away-timeline-chronology-minister">Archived</a> from the original on 27 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Wire&rft.atitle=The+Dates+That+Defined+the+Life+and+Times+of+Jaswant+Singh+%281938-2020%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthewire.in%2Fpolitics%2Fjaswant-singh-passes-away-timeline-chronology-minister&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaswant+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pratidintime.com/ex-union-minister-jaswant-singh-no-more/">"Ex-Union Minister Jaswant Singh No More"</a>. <i>Pratidin Time</i>. 27 September 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201029222632/https://www.pratidintime.com/ex-union-minister-jaswant-singh-no-more/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pratidin+Time&rft.atitle=Ex-Union+Minister+Jaswant+Singh+No+More&rft.date=2020-09-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pratidintime.com%2Fex-union-minister-jaswant-singh-no-more%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaswant+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHebbar2020" class="citation news cs1">Hebbar, Nistula (27 September 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/jaswant-singh-end-of-a-long-journey-for-the-army-man-turned-parliamentarian/article32707147.ece">"Jaswant Singh: End of a long journey for the Army man-turned-parliamentarian"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0971-751X">0971-751X</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200927082422/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/jaswant-singh-end-of-a-long-journey-for-the-army-man-turned-parliamentarian/article32707147.ece">Archived</a> from the original on 27 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Jaswant+Singh%3A+End+of+a+long+journey+for+the+Army+man-turned-parliamentarian&rft.date=2020-09-27&rft.issn=0971-751X&rft.aulast=Hebbar&rft.aufirst=Nistula&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fjaswant-singh-end-of-a-long-journey-for-the-army-man-turned-parliamentarian%2Farticle32707147.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaswant+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indianexpress.com/photos/india-news/former-union-minister-jaswant-singh-death-6617654/">"From the archives: Jaswant Singh through the lens of Express photographers"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Indian_Express" title="The Indian Express">The Indian Express</a></i>. 27 September 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200927082335/https://indianexpress.com/photos/india-news/former-union-minister-jaswant-singh-death-6617654/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=From+the+archives%3A+Jaswant+Singh+through+the+lens+of+Express+photographers&rft.date=2020-09-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findianexpress.com%2Fphotos%2Findia-news%2Fformer-union-minister-jaswant-singh-death-6617654%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaswant+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingh2018" class="citation web cs1">Singh, Manvendra (11 May 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theprint.in/opinion/when-the-us-envoy-protested-about-the-nuclear-test-my-father-jaswant-singh-gifted-a-toy-for-his-son/57249/">"When the US envoy protested about the nuclear test, my father Jaswant Singh gifted a toy for his son"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/ThePrint" title="ThePrint">ThePrint</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200516210846/https://theprint.in/opinion/when-the-us-envoy-protested-about-the-nuclear-test-my-father-jaswant-singh-gifted-a-toy-for-his-son/57249/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 May 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ThePrint&rft.atitle=When+the+US+envoy+protested+about+the+nuclear+test%2C+my+father+Jaswant+Singh+gifted+a+toy+for+his+son&rft.date=2018-05-11&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Manvendra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheprint.in%2Fopinion%2Fwhen-the-us-envoy-protested-about-the-nuclear-test-my-father-jaswant-singh-gifted-a-toy-for-his-son%2F57249%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaswant+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/blogs/et-editorials/benign-fallout-of-indias-nuclear-tests/">"Benign Fallout of India's Nuclear Tests"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Economic_Times" title="The Economic Times">Economic Times Blog</a></i>. 11 May 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190504211311/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/blogs/et-editorials/benign-fallout-of-indias-nuclear-tests/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Economic+Times+Blog&rft.atitle=Benign+Fallout+of+India%27s+Nuclear+Tests&rft.date=2018-05-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feconomictimes.indiatimes.com%2Fblogs%2Fet-editorials%2Fbenign-fallout-of-indias-nuclear-tests%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaswant+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVarma2020" class="citation web cs1">Varma, Gyan (27 September 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.livemint.com/news/india/jaswant-singh-key-bjp-face-during-vajpayee-era-passes-away-11601181994713.html">"Jaswant Singh, key BJP face during Vajpayee era, passes away"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Mint_(newspaper)" title="Mint (newspaper)">mint</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200927082400/https://www.livemint.com/news/india/jaswant-singh-key-bjp-face-during-vajpayee-era-passes-away-11601181994713.html">Archived</a> from the original on 27 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mint&rft.atitle=Jaswant+Singh%2C+key+BJP+face+during+Vajpayee+era%2C+passes+away&rft.date=2020-09-27&rft.aulast=Varma&rft.aufirst=Gyan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.livemint.com%2Fnews%2Findia%2Fjaswant-singh-key-bjp-face-during-vajpayee-era-passes-away-11601181994713.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaswant+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.livemint.com/Politics/S8lfqLdT14Myzs41RNAnnL/BJP-expels-Jaswant-Singh-over-Jinnah-book.html">"BJP expels Jaswant Singh over Jinnah book - Livemint"</a>. <i>www.livemint.com</i>. 19 August 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181225080513/https://www.livemint.com/Politics/S8lfqLdT14Myzs41RNAnnL/BJP-expels-Jaswant-Singh-over-Jinnah-book.html">Archived</a> from the original on 25 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.livemint.com&rft.atitle=BJP+expels+Jaswant+Singh+over+Jinnah+book+-+Livemint&rft.date=2009-08-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.livemint.com%2FPolitics%2FS8lfqLdT14Myzs41RNAnnL%2FBJP-expels-Jaswant-Singh-over-Jinnah-book.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaswant+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indianexpress.com/article/india/politics/jaswant-singh-rules-out-withdrawal-from-barmer-lok-sabha-seat/">"Jaswant Singh rules out withdrawal from Barmer Lok Sabha seat"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Indian_Express" title="The Indian Express">The Indian Express</a></i>. 29 March 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140330064355/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/politics/jaswant-singh-rules-out-withdrawal-from-barmer-lok-sabha-seat/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=Jaswant+Singh+rules+out+withdrawal+from+Barmer+Lok+Sabha+seat&rft.date=2014-03-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findianexpress.com%2Farticle%2Findia%2Fpolitics%2Fjaswant-singh-rules-out-withdrawal-from-barmer-lok-sabha-seat%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaswant+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/bjp-expels-defiant-jaswant-singh-for-6-years/story-MTeBfC5AVL1vInegXvopAI.html">"BJP expels defiant Jaswant Singh for 6 years"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Hindustan_Times" title="Hindustan Times">Hindustan Times</a></i>. 29 March 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140329230518/http://www.hindustantimes.com/elections2014/the-big-story/bjp-expels-senior-leader-jaswant-singh-for-six-years/article1-1201960.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 29 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hindustan+Times&rft.atitle=BJP+expels+defiant+Jaswant+Singh+for+6+years&rft.date=2014-03-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindustantimes.com%2Findia%2Fbjp-expels-defiant-jaswant-singh-for-6-years%2Fstory-MTeBfC5AVL1vInegXvopAI.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaswant+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/jaswant-singh-loses-in-barmer-114051601378_1.html">"Jaswant Singh loses in Barmer"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Business_Standard" title="Business Standard">Business Standard India</a></i>. 16 May 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190923221920/https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/jaswant-singh-loses-in-barmer-114051601378_1.html">Archived</a> from the original on 23 September 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+Standard+India&rft.atitle=Jaswant+Singh+loses+in+Barmer&rft.date=2014-05-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.business-standard.com%2Farticle%2Fnews-ians%2Fjaswant-singh-loses-in-barmer-114051601378_1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaswant+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/ex-bjp-veteran-jaswant-singh-injured-in-icu-at-delhi-hospital_953266.html">"Jaswant Singh in coma after severe head injury, condition 'highly critical'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Zee_News" title="Zee News">Zee News</a></i>. 8 August 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140810201617/http://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/ex-bjp-veteran-jaswant-singh-injured-in-icu-at-delhi-hospital_953266.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 August 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Zee+News&rft.atitle=Jaswant+Singh+in+coma+after+severe+head+injury%2C+condition+%27highly+critical%27&rft.date=2014-08-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fzeenews.india.com%2Fnews%2Fnation%2Fex-bjp-veteran-jaswant-singh-injured-in-icu-at-delhi-hospital_953266.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaswant+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/former-bjp-leader-jaswant-singh-dead/articleshow/78343032.cms">"Jaswant Singh death news: Former BJP leader Jaswant Singh passes away | India News - Times of India"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a></i>. 27 September 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201022065458/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/former-bjp-leader-jaswant-singh-dead/articleshow/78343032.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 22 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Matpal&rft.atitle=Jaswant+Singh+%5BBiography%5D+BJP+Leader&rft.date=2012-07-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmatpal.com%2F2012%2F07%2Fjaswant-singh-biography-bjp-leader.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaswant+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thequint.com/news/india/former-union-minister-jaswant-singh-passed-away-foreign-defense-finance-minister">"RIP Jaswant Singh: Ex-Army Officer, Outstanding Parliamentarian"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/TheQuint" class="mw-redirect" title="TheQuint">TheQuint</a></i>. 27 September 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200927082338/https://www.thequint.com/news/india/former-union-minister-jaswant-singh-passed-away-foreign-defense-finance-minister">Archived</a> from the original on 27 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TheQuint&rft.atitle=RIP+Jaswant+Singh%3A+Ex-Army+Officer%2C+Outstanding+Parliamentarian&rft.date=2020-09-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thequint.com%2Fnews%2Findia%2Fformer-union-minister-jaswant-singh-passed-away-foreign-defense-finance-minister&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaswant+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indianexpress.com/article/india/jaswant-singh-dead-6617567/">"Jaswant Singh dead: From key figure in Vajpayee govt to BJP rebel"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Indian_Express" title="The Indian Express">The Indian Express</a></i>. 27 September 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201022153045/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/jaswant-singh-dead-6617567/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=Jaswant+Singh+dead%3A+From+key+figure+in+Vajpayee+govt+to+BJP+rebel&rft.date=2020-09-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findianexpress.com%2Farticle%2Findia%2Fjaswant-singh-dead-6617567%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaswant+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.firstpost.com/india/jaswant-singhs-tumultuous-career-was-marked-by-revival-of-india-us-ties-ignominy-of-kandahar-hijacking-8856201.html">"Jaswant Singh's tumultuous career was marked by revival of India-US ties, ignominy of Kandahar hijacking"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Firstpost" title="Firstpost">Firstpost</a></i>. 27 September 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201101184316/https://www.firstpost.com/india/jaswant-singhs-tumultuous-career-was-marked-by-revival-of-india-us-ties-ignominy-of-kandahar-hijacking-8856201.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Firstpost&rft.atitle=Jaswant+Singh%27s+tumultuous+career+was+marked+by+revival+of+India-US+ties%2C+ignominy+of+Kandahar+hijacking&rft.date=2020-09-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.firstpost.com%2Findia%2Fjaswant-singhs-tumultuous-career-was-marked-by-revival-of-india-us-ties-ignominy-of-kandahar-hijacking-8856201.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaswant+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zeenews.india.com/india/rip-jaswant-singh-former-army-major-and-ex-pm-atal-bihari-vajpayees-man-friday-2312753.html">"Jaswant Singh: Former Army Major and ex-PM Atal Bihari Vajpayee's 'Man Friday'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Zee_News" title="Zee News">Zee News</a></i>. 27 September 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021050249/https://zeenews.india.com/india/rip-jaswant-singh-former-army-major-and-ex-pm-atal-bihari-vajpayees-man-friday-2312753.html">Archived</a> from the original on 21 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Zee+News&rft.atitle=Jaswant+Singh%3A+Former+Army+Major+and+ex-PM+Atal+Bihari+Vajpayee%27s+%27Man+Friday%27&rft.date=2020-09-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzeenews.india.com%2Findia%2Frip-jaswant-singh-former-army-major-and-ex-pm-atal-bihari-vajpayees-man-friday-2312753.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaswant+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi/rss-must-also-introspect-about-their-organisation-jaswant/story-IpqrAoZP5nCjW3j4UCWDWO.html">"RSS must also introspect about their organisation: Jaswant"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Hindustan_Times" title="Hindustan Times">Hindustan Times</a></i>. 19 August 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hindustan+Times&rft.atitle=Leaders+across+party+lines+condole+former+Union+minister+Jaswant+Singh%27s+demise&rft.date=2020-09-27&rft.aulast=Saxena&rft.aufirst=Sparshita&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindustantimes.com%2Findia-news%2Fleaders-across-party-lines-condole-former-union-minister-jaswant-singh-s-demise%2Fstory-W5ceHi24GSXjDQ9D5KVVlL.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaswant+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBawejaChengappa2001" class="citation web cs1">Baweja, Harinder; Chengappa, Raj (26 March 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/20010326-post-tehelka-scandal-george-fernandes-hands-over-his-resignation-letter-775472-2001-03-26">"Post-Tehelka scandal, George Fernandes hands over his resignation letter"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/India_Today" title="India Today">India Today</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200927082408/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/20010326-post-tehelka-scandal-george-fernandes-hands-over-his-resignation-letter-775472-2001-03-26">Archived</a> from the original on 27 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=India+Today&rft.atitle=Post-Tehelka+scandal%2C+George+Fernandes+hands+over+his+resignation+letter&rft.date=2001-03-26&rft.aulast=Baweja&rft.aufirst=Harinder&rft.au=Chengappa%2C+Raj&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiatoday.in%2Fmagazine%2Fcover-story%2Fstory%2F20010326-post-tehelka-scandal-george-fernandes-hands-over-his-resignation-letter-775472-2001-03-26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaswant+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deccanherald.com/national/national-politics/jaswant-singhs-illustrious-political-legacy-a-snapshot-893642.html">"Jaswant Singh's illustrious political legacy— A snapshot"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Deccan_Herald" title="Deccan Herald">Deccan Herald</a></i>. 27 September 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200927082415/https://www.deccanherald.com/national/national-politics/jaswant-singhs-illustrious-political-legacy-a-snapshot-893642.html">Archived</a> from the original on 27 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deccan+Herald&rft.atitle=Jaswant+Singh%27s+illustrious+political+legacy%E2%80%94+A+snapshot&rft.date=2020-09-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.deccanherald.com%2Fnational%2Fnational-politics%2Fjaswant-singhs-illustrious-political-legacy-a-snapshot-893642.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaswant+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060818165611/http://www.hindu.com/2006/07/28/stories/2006072820621700.htm">"I am bewildered: Jaswant"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a></i>. Chennai. 28 July 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hindu.com/2006/07/28/stories/2006072820621700.htm">the original</a> on 18 August 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 July</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=I+am+bewildered%3A+Jaswant&rft.date=2006-07-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindu.com%2F2006%2F07%2F28%2Fstories%2F2006072820621700.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaswant+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/highlights/story/jaswant-singh-quits-bjp-to-contest-from-barmer-independent-186070-2014-03-24">"Defiant Jaswant takes on Modi, dares BJP to sack him"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/India_Today" title="India Today">India Today</a></i>. 24 March 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140324141040/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/jaswant-singh-quits-bjp-to-contest-from-barmer-independent/1/350982.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=India+Today&rft.atitle=Defiant+Jaswant+takes+on+Modi%2C+dares+BJP+to+sack+him&rft.date=2014-03-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiatoday.in%2Felections%2Fhighlights%2Fstory%2Fjaswant-singh-quits-bjp-to-contest-from-barmer-independent-186070-2014-03-24&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaswant+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/general-elections-2014-senior-leader-jaswant-singh-expelled-from-bjp-for-six-years/articleshow/32922162.cms">"General elections 2014: Senior leader Jaswant Singh expelled from BJP for six years"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Economic_Times" title="The Economic Times">The Economic Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140330095658/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/general-elections-2014-senior-leader-jaswant-singh-expelled-from-bjp-for-six-years/articleshow/32922162.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 30 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economic+Times&rft.atitle=General+elections+2014%3A+Senior+leader+Jaswant+Singh+expelled+from+BJP+for+six+years&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feconomictimes.indiatimes.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics-and-nation%2Fgeneral-elections-2014-senior-leader-jaswant-singh-expelled-from-bjp-for-six-years%2Farticleshow%2F32922162.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaswant+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-indiatimes1-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-indiatimes1_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/lok-sabha-elections-2014/news/Election-Results-Jaswant-goes-down-fighting-in-Barmer/articleshow/35233048.cms">"Election Results: Jaswant goes down fighting in Barmer"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a></i>. 17 May 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140519203131/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/lok-sabha-elections-2014/news/Election-Results-Jaswant-goes-down-fighting-in-Barmer/articleshow/35233048.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 19 May 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Election+Results%3A+Jaswant+goes+down+fighting+in+Barmer&rft.date=2014-05-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fhome%2Flok-sabha-elections-2014%2Fnews%2FElection-Results-Jaswant-goes-down-fighting-in-Barmer%2Farticleshow%2F35233048.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaswant+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thewire.in/politics/jaswant-singh-passes-away-timeline-chronology-minister">"The Dates That Defined the Life and Times of Jaswant Singh (1938-2020)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wire_(India)" title="The Wire (India)">The Wire</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200927082339/https://thewire.in/politics/jaswant-singh-passes-away-timeline-chronology-minister">Archived</a> from the original on 27 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Wire&rft.atitle=The+Dates+That+Defined+the+Life+and+Times+of+Jaswant+Singh+%281938-2020%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthewire.in%2Fpolitics%2Fjaswant-singh-passes-away-timeline-chronology-minister&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaswant+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dawn.com/news/1581964">"Jaswant Singh, advocate of peace with Pakistan, dies at 82"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dawn_(newspaper)" title="Dawn (newspaper)">DAWN.COM</a></i>. 28 September 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201004155346/https://www.dawn.com/news/1581964">Archived</a> from the original on 4 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DAWN.COM&rft.atitle=Jaswant+Singh%2C+advocate+of+peace+with+Pakistan%2C+dies+at+82&rft.date=2020-09-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dawn.com%2Fnews%2F1581964&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaswant+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deccanherald.com/national/national-politics/jaswant-singhs-illustrious-political-legacy-a-snapshot-893642.html">"Jaswant Singh's illustrious political legacy— A snapshot"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Deccan_Herald" title="Deccan Herald">Deccan Herald</a></i>. 27 September 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200927082343/https://www.deccanherald.com/national/national-politics/jaswant-singhs-illustrious-political-legacy-a-snapshot-893642.html">Archived</a> from the original on 27 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deccan+Herald&rft.atitle=Jaswant+Singh%27s+illustrious+political+legacy%E2%80%94+A+snapshot&rft.date=2020-09-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.deccanherald.com%2Fnational%2Fnational-politics%2Fjaswant-singhs-illustrious-political-legacy-a-snapshot-893642.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaswant+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thequint.com/news/india/former-union-minister-jaswant-singh-passed-away-foreign-defense-finance-minister">"RIP Jaswant Singh: Ex-Army Officer, Outstanding Parliamentarian"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/TheQuint" class="mw-redirect" title="TheQuint">TheQuint</a></i>. 27 September 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200927082349/https://www.thequint.com/news/india/former-union-minister-jaswant-singh-passed-away-foreign-defense-finance-minister">Archived</a> from the original on 27 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TheQuint&rft.atitle=RIP+Jaswant+Singh%3A+Ex-Army+Officer%2C+Outstanding+Parliamentarian&rft.date=2020-09-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thequint.com%2Fnews%2Findia%2Fformer-union-minister-jaswant-singh-passed-away-foreign-defense-finance-minister&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaswant+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/jaswant-singh-expelled-from-bjp/articleshow/4910265.cms">"Jaswant Singh expelled from BJP"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Economic_Times" title="The Economic Times">The Economic Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200927082400/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/jaswant-singh-expelled-from-bjp/articleshow/4910265.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 27 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economic+Times&rft.atitle=Jaswant+Singh+expelled+from+BJP&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feconomictimes.indiatimes.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics-and-nation%2Fjaswant-singh-expelled-from-bjp%2Farticleshow%2F4910265.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaswant+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh2013dviii_'''(167-169)'''-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESingh2013dviii_'''(167-169)'''_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSingh2013d">Singh 2013d</a>, p. viii <b>(167-169)</b>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERana_and_Singh394-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERana_and_Singh394_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRana_and_Singh">Rana and Singh</a>, p. 394.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSherwani" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Arfa_Khanum_Sherwani" title="Arfa Khanum Sherwani">Sherwani, Affa Khanum</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201003033034/https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/former-union-minister-jaswant-singh-passes-away-at-82-news-updates/2092632/">"Former union minister Jaswant Singh passes away at 82"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wire_(India)" title="The Wire (India)">The Wire</a></i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mint&rft.atitle=Banking+crises%3A+An+Indian+history&rft.date=2018-02-24&rft.aulast=Agrawal&rft.aufirst=Amol&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.livemint.com%2FSundayapp%2FfjheowjLjiFNsGcjzVZXsO%2FBanking-crises-An-Indian-history.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaswant+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2019/jun/12/former-chairman-of-indian-bank-gets-3-yr-jail-in-fraud-case-1989137.html">"Former chairman of Indian Bank gets 3-yr jail in fraud case"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Indian_Express" title="The New Indian Express">The New Indian Express</a></i>. 12 June 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200702004608/https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2019/jun/12/former-chairman-of-indian-bank-gets-3-yr-jail-in-fraud-case-1989137.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2 July 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=Former+chairman+of+Indian+Bank+gets+3-yr+jail+in+fraud+case&rft.date=2019-06-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newindianexpress.com%2Fcities%2Fchennai%2F2019%2Fjun%2F12%2Fformer-chairman-of-indian-bank-gets-3-yr-jail-in-fraud-case-1989137.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaswant+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMalhotra2020" class="citation web cs1">Malhotra, Jyoti (27 September 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theprint.in/politics/jaswant-singh-communicator-crisis-manager-man-of-letters-and-a-student-of-history/511468/">"Jaswant Singh — communicator, crisis manager, man of letters and a student of history"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/ThePrint" title="ThePrint">ThePrint</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201127023650/https://theprint.in/politics/jaswant-singh-communicator-crisis-manager-man-of-letters-and-a-student-of-history/511468/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rediff.com&rft.atitle=Rediff+On+The+NeT%3A+Excerpts+of+the+conversation+between+Gen+Musharraf+and+Lt+Gen+Aziz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rediff.com%2Fnews%2F1999%2Fjun%2F11talk.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaswant+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rediff.com/news/2007/jun/27raman.htm">"Release of Kargil tape: Masterpiece or blunder?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Rediff.com" title="Rediff.com">Rediff.com</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201018143530/https://www.rediff.com/news/2007/jun/27raman.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 18 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rediff.com&rft.atitle=Release+of+Kargil+tape%3A+Masterpiece+or+blunder%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rediff.com%2Fnews%2F2007%2Fjun%2F27raman.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaswant+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh38-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESingh38_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSingh">Singh</a>, p. 38.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rediff.com/news/2002/jul/15pak.htm">"Omar Sheikh sentenced to death in Pearl murder case"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Rediff.com" title="Rediff.com">Rediff.com</a></i>. 15 July 2002. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201017033416/https://www.rediff.com/news/2002/jul/15pak.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 17 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rediff.com&rft.atitle=Omar+Sheikh+sentenced+to+death+in+Pearl+murder+case&rft.date=2002-07-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rediff.com%2Fnews%2F2002%2Fjul%2F15pak.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaswant+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDhawan2018" class="citation news cs1">Dhawan, Himanshi (12 July 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/isi-backed-kandahar-hijackers-plane-crisis-negotiator-ajit-doval/articleshow/56558139.cms">"ISI backed Kandahar hijackers: Plane crisis negotiator Ajit Doval"</a>. <i>The Economic Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economic+Times&rft.atitle=ISI+backed+Kandahar+hijackers%3A+Plane+crisis+negotiator+Ajit+Doval&rft.date=2018-07-12&rft.aulast=Dhawan&rft.aufirst=Himanshi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feconomictimes.indiatimes.com%2Fnews%2Fdefence%2Fisi-backed-kandahar-hijackers-plane-crisis-negotiator-ajit-doval%2Farticleshow%2F56558139.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaswant+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRiedel2012" class="citation book cs1">Riedel, Bruce O. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ULgk7_oWB1EC&pg=PA58"><i>Deadly Embrace: Pakistan, America, and the Future of the Global Jihad</i></a>. Brookings Institution Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8157-2274-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8157-2274-8"><bdi>978-0-8157-2274-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Deadly+Embrace%3A+Pakistan%2C+America%2C+and+the+Future+of+the+Global+Jihad&rft.pub=Brookings+Institution+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-8157-2274-8&rft.aulast=Riedel&rft.aufirst=Bruce+O.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DULgk7_oWB1EC%26pg%3DPA58&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaswant+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201018191915/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/jaswant-flying-with-terrorists-was-not-good-idea-kandahar-negotiator/articleshow/5386396.cms">"Jaswant flying with terrorists was not good idea: Kandahar negotiator"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Economic_Times" title="The Economic Times">The Economic Times</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/jaswant-flying-with-terrorists-was-not-good-idea-kandahar-negotiator/articleshow/5386396.cms">the original</a> on 18 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economic+Times&rft.atitle=Jaswant+flying+with+terrorists+was+not+good+idea%3A+Kandahar+negotiator&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feconomictimes.indiatimes.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics-and-nation%2Fjaswant-flying-with-terrorists-was-not-good-idea-kandahar-negotiator%2Farticleshow%2F5386396.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaswant+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingh2006" class="citation web cs1">Singh, Omkar (21 July 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rediff.com/news/2006/jul/21onkar1.htm">"Jaswant Singh's version of the Kandahar hijack"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Rediff.com" title="Rediff.com">Rediff.com</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190729074630/https://www.rediff.com/news/2006/jul/21onkar1.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 29 July 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rediff.com&rft.atitle=Jaswant+Singh%27s+version+of+the+Kandahar+hijack&rft.date=2006-07-21&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Omkar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rediff.com%2Fnews%2F2006%2Fjul%2F21onkar1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaswant+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh76-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESingh76_78-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSingh">Singh</a>, p. 76.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVenkatesanSubramanian2000" class="citation web cs1">Venkatesan, V.; Subramanian, T. S. (8 December 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/cover-story/article30253146.ece">"An eight-day ordeal"</a>. <i>Frontline</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016221548/https://frontline.thehindu.com/cover-story/article30253146.ece">Archived</a> from the original on 16 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Frontline&rft.atitle=An+eight-day+ordeal&rft.date=2000-12-08&rft.aulast=Venkatesan&rft.aufirst=V.&rft.au=Subramanian%2C+T.+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffrontline.thehindu.com%2Fcover-story%2Farticle30253146.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaswant+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIqbal2015" class="citation web cs1">Iqbal, Aadil Ikram Zaki (24 December 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.india.com/news/india/kandahar-hijack-revisit-the-story-of-five-terrorists-bringing-india-on-its-knees-trading-176-lives-for-3-terrorists-810146/">"Kandahar Hijack: Revisit story of five terrorists bringing India on its knees"</a>. <i>India News, Breaking News, Entertainment News | India.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201112032628/https://www.india.com/news/india/kandahar-hijack-revisit-the-story-of-five-terrorists-bringing-india-on-its-knees-trading-176-lives-for-3-terrorists-810146/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=India+News%2C+Breaking+News%2C+Entertainment+News+%7C+India.com&rft.atitle=Kandahar+Hijack%3A+Revisit+story+of+five+terrorists+bringing+India+on+its+knees&rft.date=2015-12-24&rft.aulast=Iqbal&rft.aufirst=Aadil+Ikram+Zaki&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.india.com%2Fnews%2Findia%2Fkandahar-hijack-revisit-the-story-of-five-terrorists-bringing-india-on-its-knees-trading-176-lives-for-3-terrorists-810146%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaswant+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaul2009" class="citation web cs1">Kaul, Sumir (24 December 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.outlookindia.com/newswire/story/ic-814-was-indias-diplomatic-failure-doval/671686">"IC-814 was India's 'Diplomatic Failure': Doval"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Outlook_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Outlook India">Outlook India</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201017231033/https://www.outlookindia.com/newswire/story/ic-814-was-indias-diplomatic-failure-doval/671686">Archived</a> from the original on 17 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Outlook+India&rft.atitle=IC-814+was+India%27s+%27Diplomatic+Failure%27%3A+Doval&rft.date=2009-12-24&rft.aulast=Kaul&rft.aufirst=Sumir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.outlookindia.com%2Fnewswire%2Fstory%2Fic-814-was-indias-diplomatic-failure-doval%2F671686&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaswant+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/cover-story/article30253144.ece">"Failure of diplomacy"</a>. <i>Frontline</i>. 7 January 2000<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Frontline&rft.atitle=Failure+of+diplomacy&rft.date=2000-01-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffrontline.thehindu.com%2Fcover-story%2Farticle30253144.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaswant+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.business-standard.com/article/politics/former-defence-minister-jaswant-singh-passes-away-at-82-pm-pays-condolence-120092700129_1.html">"Former cabinet minister, founding member of BJP, Jaswant Singh dies at 82"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Business_Standard" title="Business Standard">Business Standard India</a></i>. 27 September 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201103070702/https://www.business-standard.com/article/politics/former-defence-minister-jaswant-singh-passes-away-at-82-pm-pays-condolence-120092700129_1.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+Standard+India&rft.atitle=Former+cabinet+minister%2C+founding+member+of+BJP%2C+Jaswant+Singh+dies+at+82&rft.date=2020-09-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.business-standard.com%2Farticle%2Fpolitics%2Fformer-defence-minister-jaswant-singh-passes-away-at-82-pm-pays-condolence-120092700129_1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaswant+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170704084821/http://www.indiainfoline.com/finance-ministers-of-india/jaswant-singh">"Jaswant Singh"</a>. <i>India Infoline</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiainfoline.com/finance-ministers-of-india/jaswant-singh">the original</a> on 4 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=India+Infoline&rft.atitle=Jaswant+Singh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiainfoline.com%2Ffinance-ministers-of-india%2Fjaswant-singh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaswant+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The <a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Vajpayee's</a> ji re-appointment as <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">Prime Minister</a> was a new thing and a new dawn of democracy and also chances for the new outcomes.(<a href="#CITEREFSingh">Singh</a>, pp. 256–258)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/finance-ministers-who-shaped-indias-economy/jaswant-singh-2002-2004/slideshow/67521663.cms">"Finance Ministers who shaped India's economy - Pillars of Indian economy"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Economic_Times" title="The Economic Times">The Economic Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Election+Commission+of+India&rft.atitle=2012+Vice-Presidential+Election&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feci.nic.in%2Feci_main1%2FCurrent%2FPN03072012.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaswant+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/the-mole-has-taken-its-toll/story-0FxH3pPSGiCsVHizbBPfkO.html">"The mole has taken its toll"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Hindustan_Times" title="Hindustan Times">Hindustan Times</a></i>. 7 August 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200927082416/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/the-mole-has-taken-its-toll/story-0FxH3pPSGiCsVHizbBPfkO.html">Archived</a> from the original on 27 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hindustan+Times&rft.atitle=The+mole+has+taken+its+toll&rft.date=2006-08-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindustantimes.com%2Findia%2Fthe-mole-has-taken-its-toll%2Fstory-0FxH3pPSGiCsVHizbBPfkO.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaswant+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/spy-in-the-cold-jaswant-backtracks-on--mole-/9296/">"Spy in the cold: Jaswant backtracks on mole statement - Indian Express"</a>. <i>archive.indianexpress.com</i>. 26 July 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200927082416/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/spy-in-the-cold-jaswant-backtracks-on--mole-/9296/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=archive.indianexpress.com&rft.atitle=Spy+in+the+cold%3A+Jaswant+backtracks+on+mole+statement+-+Indian+Express&rft.date=2006-07-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.indianexpress.com%2Fnews%2Fspy-in-the-cold-jaswant-backtracks-on--mole-%2F9296%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaswant+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090822004045/http://jaibihar.com/nehru-patel-conceded-pakistan-to-jinnah-jaswant/11301/">"Nehru not Jinnah's polity led to partition"</a>. Jai Bihar. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jaibihar.com/nehru-patel-conceded-pakistan-to-jinnah-jaswant/11301/">the original</a> on 22 August 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 August</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Nehru+not+Jinnah%27s+polity+led+to+partition&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjaibihar.com%2Fnehru-patel-conceded-pakistan-to-jinnah-jaswant%2F11301%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaswant+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090821162128/http://jaibihar.com/jaswant-singh-expelled-over-jinnah-remarks/11454/">"Jaswant Singh expelled over Jinnah remarks"</a>. Jai Bihar. 19 August 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jaibihar.com/jaswant-singh-expelled-over-jinnah-remarks/11454/">the original</a> on 21 August 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 August</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Jaswant+Singh+expelled+over+Jinnah+remarks&rft.date=2009-08-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjaibihar.com%2Fjaswant-singh-expelled-over-jinnah-remarks%2F11454%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaswant+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100627073915/http://english.samaylive.com/nation/676466702.html">"Jaswant returns to BJP"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.samaylive.com/nation/676466702.html">the original</a> on 27 June 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jaswant+returns+to+BJP&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.samaylive.com%2Fnation%2F676466702.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaswant+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingh2020" class="citation news cs1">Singh, Rakesh (27 September 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deccanherald.com/dh-galleries/photos/jaswant-singh-1938-2020-a-life-in-pictures-893638">"Jaswant Singh (1938-2020): A life in pictures"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Deccan_Herald" title="Deccan Herald">Deccan Herald</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Deccan+Herald&rft.atitle=Jaswant+Singh+%281938-2020%29%3A+A+life+in+pictures&rft.date=2020-09-27&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Rakesh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.deccanherald.com%2Fdh-galleries%2Fphotos%2Fjaswant-singh-1938-2020-a-life-in-pictures-893638&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaswant+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NDTV-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NDTV_110-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSharma2019" class="citation web cs1">Sharma, Akhilesh (27 September 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/former-union-minister-and-bjp-leader-jaswant-singh-dies-at-82-saddened-by-his-demise-tweets-pm-modi-2301608">"Ex-Union Minister Jaswant Singh Dies At 82. "Saddened By Demise," Says PM"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/NDTV" title="NDTV">NDTV</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200927082335/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/former-union-minister-and-bjp-leader-jaswant-singh-dies-at-82-saddened-by-his-demise-tweets-pm-modi-2301608">Archived</a> from the original on 27 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NDTV&rft.atitle=Ex-Union+Minister+Jaswant+Singh+Dies+At+82.+%22Saddened+By+Demise%2C%22+Says+PM&rft.date=2019-09-27&rft.aulast=Sharma&rft.aufirst=Akhilesh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ndtv.com%2Findia-news%2Fformer-union-minister-and-bjp-leader-jaswant-singh-dies-at-82-saddened-by-his-demise-tweets-pm-modi-2301608&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaswant+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TimesofIndia920-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TimesofIndia920_111-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/former-bjp-leader-jaswant-singh-dead/articleshow/78343032.cms">"Former BJP leader Jaswant Singh passes away"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a></i>. 27 September 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200927082419/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/former-bjp-leader-jaswant-singh-dead/articleshow/78343032.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 27 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Former+BJP+leader+Jaswant+Singh+passes+away&rft.date=2020-09-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Findia%2Fformer-bjp-leader-jaswant-singh-dead%2Farticleshow%2F78343032.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaswant+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaj2020" class="citation news cs1">Raj, Naresh Kumar (27 September 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/former-union-minister-jaswant-singh-passes-away/article32707106.ece">"Former Union Minister Jaswant Singh passes away"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a></i>. PTI. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0971-751X">0971-751X</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201003183818/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/former-union-minister-jaswant-singh-passes-away/article32707106.ece">Archived</a> from the original on 3 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Former+Union+Minister+Jaswant+Singh+passes+away&rft.date=2020-09-27&rft.issn=0971-751X&rft.aulast=Raj&rft.aufirst=Naresh+Kumar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fformer-union-minister-jaswant-singh-passes-away%2Farticle32707106.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaswant+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingh2020" class="citation web cs1">Singh, Harsha Kumari (28 September 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/jaswant-singh-funeral-jaswant-singh-cremated-in-jodhpur-family-leaders-pay-last-respects-2301787">"Jaswant Singh Cremated In Jodhpur, Family, Leaders Pay Last Respects"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/NDTV" title="NDTV">NDTV.com</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201006211155/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/jaswant-singh-funeral-jaswant-singh-cremated-in-jodhpur-family-leaders-pay-last-respects-2301787">Archived</a> from the original on 6 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NDTV.com&rft.atitle=Jaswant+Singh+Cremated+In+Jodhpur%2C+Family%2C+Leaders+Pay+Last+Respects&rft.date=2020-09-28&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Harsha+Kumari&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ndtv.com%2Findia-news%2Fjaswant-singh-funeral-jaswant-singh-cremated-in-jodhpur-family-leaders-pay-last-respects-2301787&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaswant+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.business-standard.com/article/politics/former-defence-minister-jaswant-singh-passes-away-at-82-pm-pays-condolence-120092700129_1.html">"Former cabinet minister, founding member of BJP, Jaswant Singh dies at 82"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Business_Standard" title="Business Standard">Business Standard India</a></i>. 27 September 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201103070702/https://www.business-standard.com/article/politics/former-defence-minister-jaswant-singh-passes-away-at-82-pm-pays-condolence-120092700129_1.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+Standard+India&rft.atitle=Former+cabinet+minister%2C+founding+member+of+BJP%2C+Jaswant+Singh+dies+at+82&rft.date=2020-09-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.business-standard.com%2Farticle%2Fpolitics%2Fformer-defence-minister-jaswant-singh-passes-away-at-82-pm-pays-condolence-120092700129_1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaswant+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Service-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Service_115-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/jaswant-singh-a-worthy-scholar-soldier-and-politician-147675">"Jaswant Singh: A worthy scholar, soldier, and politician"</a>. <i>Tribuneindia News Service</i>. 3 October 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201031085604/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/jaswant-singh-a-worthy-scholar-soldier-and-politician-147675">Archived</a> from the original on 31 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tribuneindia+News+Service&rft.atitle=Jaswant+Singh%3A+A+worthy+scholar%2C+soldier%2C+and+politician&rft.date=2020-10-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tribuneindia.com%2Fnews%2Fnation%2Fjaswant-singh-a-worthy-scholar-soldier-and-politician-147675&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaswant+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/performance_profile/2007/content6.pdf">"Secretariat"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>rajyasabha.nic.in</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200927082425/https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache%3A9mNHWtWsUugJ%3Ahttps%3A%2F%2Frajyasabha.nic.in%2Frsnew%2Fperformance_profile%2F2007%2Fcontent6.pdf+&cd=15&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us">Archived</a> from the original on 27 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=rajyasabha.nic.in&rft.atitle=Secretariat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frajyasabha.nic.in%2Frsnew%2Fperformance_profile%2F2007%2Fcontent6.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaswant+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaswant_Singh&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingh" class="citation book cs1">Jaswant Singh (21 September 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4B2wDQAAQBAJ&q=jaswant+singh+central+india+horse&pg=PA39"><i>In Service of Emergent India: A Call to Honour</i></a>. Indiana University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780253028006" title="Special:BookSources/9780253028006"><bdi>9780253028006</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200927082335/https://books.google.com/books?id=4B2wDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA39&lpg=PA39&dq=jaswant+singh+central+india+horse&source=bl&ots=nNqgYWRuQd&sig=ACfU3U1WyMDbNLCBXJZc2HzIHnCNu6RZQQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiHoJ2XvtHgAhWJto8KHVgcDrQ4ChDoATAFegQIBBAB#v=onepage&q=jaswant%20singh%20central%20india%20horse&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 27 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+Service+of+Emergent+India%3A+A+Call+to+Honour&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2007-09-21&rft.isbn=9780253028006&rft.au=Jaswant+Singh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4B2wDQAAQBAJ%26q%3Djaswant%2Bsingh%2Bcentral%2Bindia%2Bhorse%26pg%3DPA39&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaswant+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRana_and_Singh" class="citation book cs1">Rana, Mahendra Singh (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yInZdHn-pKoC&dq=Manvendra+Singh&pg=PA382"><i>India Votes: Lok Sabha & Vidhan Sabha Elections 2001-2005</i></a>. Swarup & Sons. pp. 383–398. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788176256476" title="Special:BookSources/9788176256476"><bdi>9788176256476</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=India+Votes%3A+Lok+Sabha+%26+Vidhan+Sabha+Elections+2001-2005&rft.pages=383-398&rft.pub=Swarup+%26+Sons&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9788176256476&rft.aulast=Rana&rft.aufirst=Mahendra+Singh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyInZdHn-pKoC%26dq%3DManvendra%2BSingh%26pg%3DPA382&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaswant+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTalbott2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Strobe_Talbott" title="Strobe Talbott">Talbott, Strobe</a> (2010k). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Z708iXbcrNkC&q=Jaswant+Singh"><i>Engaging India</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Brookings_Institution" title="Brookings Institution">Brookings Institution Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780815721253" title="Special:BookSources/9780815721253"><bdi>9780815721253</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Engaging+India&rft.pub=Brookings+Institution+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9780815721253&rft.aulast=Talbott&rft.aufirst=Strobe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZ708iXbcrNkC%26q%3DJaswant%2BSingh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaswant+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingh2013d" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Manvendra_Singh" title="Manvendra Singh">Singh, Manvendra</a> (2013d). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lyM7JZcyOisC&q=Manvendra+Singh"><i>Campaign Diary</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Barmer_district" title="Barmer district">Barmer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rajasthan" title="Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a>: <a href="/wiki/Rupa_Publications" title="Rupa Publications">Rupa Publications</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788184759839" title="Special:BookSources/9788184759839"><bdi>9788184759839</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Campaign+Diary&rft.place=Barmer%2C+Rajasthan&rft.pub=Rupa+Publications&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9788184759839&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Manvendra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlyM7JZcyOisC%26q%3DManvendra%2BSingh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJaswant+Singh" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaswant_Singh&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library" title="Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library">Library resources</a> about <br /> <b>Jaswant Singh</b> <hr /></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=viaf&su=46942918">Resources in your library</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=viaf&su=46942918&library=0CHOOSE0">Resources in other libraries</a></li> </ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dnaindia.com/topic/jaswant-singh">Jaswant Singh</a> at <a href="/wiki/DNA_India" class="mw-redirect" title="DNA India">DNA India</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Jaswant_Singh" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Jaswant Singh">Jaswant Singh</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikiquote-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/13px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/20px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/27px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span> Quotations related to <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Jaswant_Singh" class="extiw" title="wikiquote:Special:Search/Jaswant Singh">Jaswant Singh</a> at Wikiquote</li></ul> </div> <table class="wikitable succession-box mw-collapsible autocollapse" style="margin: 0 auto 0 auto; font-size:95%;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr><th colspan="3">Jaswant Singh's positions and offices</th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">Rajya Sabha</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">N/A</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of Parliament<br />for <a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">Rajya Sabha</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Rajya_Sabha_members_from_Rajasthan" title="List of Rajya Sabha members from Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a> </b><br />1980–1992 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">N/A</div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">N/A</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of Parliament<br />for <a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">Rajya Sabha</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Rajya_Sabha_members_from_Rajasthan" title="List of Rajya Sabha members from Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a> </b><br />1998-2010 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">N/A</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ashok_Gehlot" title="Ashok Gehlot">Ashok Gehlot</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of Parliament<br />for <a href="/wiki/Jodhpur_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jodhpur (Lok Sabha constituency)">Jodhpur</a> </b><br />1989-1991 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ashok_Gehlot" title="Ashok Gehlot">Ashok Gehlot</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Mahendra_Singh_Mewar" title="Mahendra Singh Mewar">Mahendra Singh Mewar</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of Parliament<br />for <a href="/wiki/Chittorgarh_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chittorgarh (Lok Sabha constituency)">Chittorgarh</a> </b><br />1991-1998 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Udai_Lal_Anjana" title="Udai Lal Anjana">Udai Lal Anjana</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Dawa_Narbula" title="Dawa Narbula">Dawa Narbula</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of Parliament<br />for <a href="/wiki/Darjeeling_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Darjeeling (Lok Sabha constituency)">Darjeeling</a> </b><br />2009-2014 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/S._S._Ahluwalia" title="S. S. Ahluwalia">S. S. Ahluwalia</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh">Manmohan Singh</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Finance_(India)" title="Minister of Finance (India)">Minister of Finance</a> </b><br />1996 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/P._Chidambaram" title="P. Chidambaram">P. Chidambaram</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Madhu_Dandavate" title="Madhu Dandavate">Madhu Dandavate</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Chairman_of_the_Planning_Commission" title="Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission">Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission</a> </b><br />1998-1999 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/K._C._Pant" title="K. C. Pant">K. C. Pant</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Sikander_Bakht" title="Sikander Bakht">Sikander Bakht</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_House_(Rajya_Sabha)" class="mw-redirect" title="Leader of the House (Rajya Sabha)">Leader of Rajya Sabha</a> </b><br />1998-2004 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh">Manmohan Singh</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_External_Affairs_(India)" title="Minister of External Affairs (India)">Minister of External Affairs</a> </b><br />1998-2002 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Yashwant_Sinha" title="Yashwant Sinha">Yashwant Sinha</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/George_Fernandes" title="George Fernandes">George Fernandes</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Defence_(India)" title="Minister of Defence (India)">Minister of Defence</a> </b><br />2002 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/George_Fernandes" title="George Fernandes">George Fernandes</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Yashwant_Sinha" title="Yashwant Sinha">Yashwant Sinha</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Finance_(India)" title="Minister of Finance (India)">Minister of Finance</a> </b><br />2002-2004 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/P._Chidambaram" title="P. Chidambaram">P. Chidambaram</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh">Manmohan Singh</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(India)#Leaders_of_the_Opposition_in_the_Rajya_Sabha" title="Leader of the Opposition (India)">Opposition leader of Rajya Sabha</a> </b><br />2004-2009 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Arun_Jaitley" title="Arun Jaitley">Arun Jaitley</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output 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(India)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Departments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(India)#Department_of_Economic_Affairs" title="Ministry of Finance (India)">Economic Affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Economic Division: <a href="/wiki/Economic_survey_of_India" title="Economic survey of India">Economic Survey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Budget Division: <a href="/wiki/Union_budget_of_India" title="Union budget of India">Union budget</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Expenditure" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Expenditure">Expenditure</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pay_Commission" title="Pay Commission">Pay Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7th_Central_Pay_Commission_(CPC)_and_Defence_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="7th Central Pay Commission (CPC) and Defence Forces">7th Central Pay Commission (CPC) and Defence Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixth_Central_Pay_Commission" title="Sixth Central Pay Commission">Sixth Central Pay Commission</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Revenue_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Revenue (India)">Revenue</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Income_Tax_Department" title="Income Tax Department">Income Tax Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Board_of_Indirect_Taxes_and_Customs" title="Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs">Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(India)#Department_of_Financial_Services" title="Ministry of Finance (India)">Financial Services</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pradhan_Mantri_Jan_Dhan_Yojana" title="Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana">Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Department_of_Investment_and_Public_Asset_Management&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Department of Investment and Public Asset Management (page does not exist)">DIPAM</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disinvestment_in_India" title="Disinvestment in India">Disinvestment in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disinvestment_of_Public_Sector_Units_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Disinvestment of Public Sector Units in India">Disinvestment of Public Sector Units in India</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Public_Enterprises" title="Department of Public Enterprises">DPE</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Efficient_monitoring_of_the_capital_expenditure&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Efficient monitoring of the capital expenditure (page does not exist)">Efficient monitoring of the capital expenditure</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asset_monetisation_and_financial_health_of_the_Central_Public_Sector_Enterprises_(CPSEs)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asset monetisation and financial health of the Central Public Sector Enterprises (CPSEs) (page does not exist)">Asset monetisation and financial health of the Central Public Sector Enterprises (CPSEs)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_India.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Emblem of India"><img alt="Emblem of India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/47px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="47" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/71px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/94px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="933" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Secretaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Economic Affairs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Mehrishi" title="Rajiv Mehrishi">Rajiv Mehrishi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaktikanta_Das" title="Shaktikanta Das">Shaktikanta Das</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subhash_Chandra_Garg" title="Subhash Chandra Garg">Subhash Chandra Garg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atanu_Chakraborty" title="Atanu Chakraborty">Atanu Chakraborty</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(incumbent)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Revenue</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shaktikanta_Das" title="Shaktikanta Das">Shaktikanta Das</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajay_Bhushan_Pandey" title="Ajay Bhushan Pandey">Ajay Bhushan Pandey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasmukh_Adhia" title="Hasmukh Adhia">Hasmukh Adhia</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(incumbent)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Finance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ratan_P._Watal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ratan P. Watal (page does not exist)">Ratan P. Watal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashok_Lavasa" title="Ashok Lavasa">Ashok Lavasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasmukh_Adhia" title="Hasmukh Adhia">Hasmukh Adhia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajay_Narayan_Jha" title="Ajay Narayan Jha">Ajay Narayan Jha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Kumar_(economist)" title="Rajiv Kumar (economist)">Rajiv Kumar</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(incumbent)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Finance Ministers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/R._K._Shanmukham_Chetty" title="R. K. Shanmukham Chetty">R. K. Shanmukham Chetty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Mathai" class="mw-redirect" title="John Mathai">John Mathai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._D._Deshmukh" title="C. D. Deshmukh">C. D. Deshmukh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._T._Krishnamachari" title="T. T. Krishnamachari">T. T. Krishnamachari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morarji_Desai" title="Morarji Desai">Morarji Desai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sachindra_Chaudhuri" title="Sachindra Chaudhuri">Sachindra Chaudhuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi" title="Indira Gandhi">Indira Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yashwantrao_Chavan" title="Yashwantrao Chavan">Yashwantrao Chavan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chidambaram_Subramaniam" title="Chidambaram Subramaniam">Chidambaram Subramaniam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hirubhai_M._Patel" title="Hirubhai M. Patel">Hirubhai M. Patel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charan_Singh" title="Charan Singh">Charan Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemwati_Nandan_Bahuguna" title="Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna">Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._Venkataraman" class="mw-redirect" title="R. Venkataraman">R. Venkataraman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pranab_Mukherjee" title="Pranab Mukherjee">Pranab Mukherjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishwanath_Pratap_Singh" class="mw-redirect" title="Vishwanath Pratap Singh">Vishwanath Pratap Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Gandhi" title="Rajiv Gandhi">Rajiv Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N._D._Tiwari" title="N. D. Tiwari">N. D. Tiwari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shankarrao_Chavan" title="Shankarrao Chavan">Shankarrao Chavan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhu_Dandavate" title="Madhu Dandavate">Madhu Dandavate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yashwant_Sinha" title="Yashwant Sinha">Yashwant Sinha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh">Manmohan Singh</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jaswant Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._Chidambaram" title="P. Chidambaram">P. Chidambaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I._K._Gujral" class="mw-redirect" title="I. K. Gujral">I. K. Gujral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arun_Jaitley" title="Arun Jaitley">Arun Jaitley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piyush_Goyal" title="Piyush Goyal">Piyush Goyal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirmala_Sitharaman" title="Nirmala Sitharaman">Nirmala Sitharaman</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(incumbent)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ministers of State <br /> for Finance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nirmala_Sitharaman" title="Nirmala Sitharaman">Nirmala Sitharaman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayant_Sinha" title="Jayant Sinha">Jayant Sinha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arjun_Ram_Meghwal" title="Arjun Ram Meghwal">Arjun Ram Meghwal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pon_Radhakrishnan" title="Pon Radhakrishnan">Pon Radhakrishnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anurag_Thakur" title="Anurag Thakur">Anurag Thakur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagwat_Karad" title="Bhagwat Karad">Bhagwat Karad</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(incumbent)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pankaj_Chaudhary" title="Pankaj Chaudhary">Pankaj Chaudhary</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(incumbent)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chief_Economic_Advisor_to_the_Government_of_India" title="Chief Economic Advisor to the Government of India">Chief Economic<br />Advisor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JJ_Anjaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JJ Anjaria (page does not exist)">JJ Anjaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IG_Patel" class="mw-redirect" title="IG Patel">IG Patel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IG_Patel" class="mw-redirect" title="IG Patel">IG Patel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=VK_Ramaswamy_(economist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="VK Ramaswamy (economist) (page does not exist)">VK Ramaswamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashok_Mitra" title="Ashok Mitra">Ashok Mitra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh">Manmohan Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RM_Honavar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RM Honavar (page does not exist)">RM Honavar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bimal_Jalan" title="Bimal Jalan">Bimal Jalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitin_Desai" title="Nitin Desai">Nitin Desai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deepak_Nayyar" title="Deepak Nayyar">Deepak Nayyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shankar_Acharya" title="Shankar Acharya">Shankar Acharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rakesh_Mohan" title="Rakesh Mohan">Rakesh Mohan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashok_K_Lahiri" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashok K Lahiri">Ashok K Lahiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arvind_Virmani" title="Arvind Virmani">Arvind Virmani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaushik_Basu" title="Kaushik Basu">Kaushik Basu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raghuram_Rajan" title="Raghuram Rajan">Raghuram Rajan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arvind_Subramanian" title="Arvind Subramanian">Arvind Subramanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishnamurthy_Subramanian" title="Krishnamurthy Subramanian">Krishnamurthy Subramanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._Anantha_Nageswaran" title="V. Anantha Nageswaran">V. Anantha Nageswaran</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(incumbent)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Finance_Commission" title="Finance Commission">Finance Commissions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Finance_Commission" title="First Finance Commission">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Finance_Commission" title="Second Finance Commission">2nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Finance_Commission" title="Third Finance Commission">3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Finance_Commission" title="Fourth Finance Commission">4th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Finance_Commission" title="Fifth Finance Commission">5th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixth_Finance_Commission" title="Sixth Finance Commission">6th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventh_Finance_Commission" title="Seventh Finance Commission">7th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighth_Finance_Commission" title="Eighth Finance Commission">8th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninth_Finance_Commission" title="Ninth Finance Commission">9th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenth_Finance_Commission" title="Tenth Finance Commission">10th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleventh_Finance_Commission" title="Eleventh Finance Commission">11th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelfth_Finance_Commission" title="Twelfth Finance Commission">12th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirteenth_Finance_Commission" title="Thirteenth Finance Commission">13th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourteenth_Finance_Commission" title="Fourteenth Finance Commission">14th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifteenth_Finance_Commission" title="Fifteenth Finance Commission">15th</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=India&#124;link=India_Finance_Ministers_of_India" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Finance_Ministers_of_India" title="Template:Finance Ministers of India"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Finance_Ministers_of_India" title="Template talk:Finance Ministers of India"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Finance_Ministers_of_India" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Finance Ministers of India"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=India&#124;link=India_Finance_Ministers_of_India" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Finance_(India)" title="Minister of Finance (India)">Finance Ministers of India</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/R._K._Shanmukham_Chetty" title="R. K. Shanmukham Chetty">R. K. Shanmukham Chetty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Mathai" class="mw-redirect" title="John Mathai">John Mathai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._D._Deshmukh" title="C. D. Deshmukh">C. D. Deshmukh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._T._Krishnamachari" title="T. T. Krishnamachari">T. T. Krishnamachari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morarji_Desai" title="Morarji Desai">Morarji Desai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sachindra_Chaudhuri" title="Sachindra Chaudhuri">Sachindra Chaudhuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi" title="Indira Gandhi">Indira Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yashwantrao_Chavan" title="Yashwantrao Chavan">Yashwantrao Chavan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chidambaram_Subramaniam" title="Chidambaram Subramaniam">Chidambaram Subramaniam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hirubhai_M._Patel" title="Hirubhai M. Patel">Hirubhai M. Patel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charan_Singh" title="Charan Singh">Charan Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemwati_Nandan_Bahuguna" title="Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna">Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._Venkataraman" class="mw-redirect" title="R. Venkataraman">R. Venkataraman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pranab_Mukherjee" title="Pranab Mukherjee">Pranab Mukherjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishwanath_Pratap_Singh" class="mw-redirect" title="Vishwanath Pratap Singh">Vishwanath Pratap Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Gandhi" title="Rajiv Gandhi">Rajiv Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N._D._Tiwari" title="N. D. Tiwari">N. D. Tiwari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shankarrao_Chavan" title="Shankarrao Chavan">Shankarrao Chavan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhu_Dandavate" title="Madhu Dandavate">Madhu Dandavate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yashwant_Sinha" title="Yashwant Sinha">Yashwant Sinha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh">Manmohan Singh</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jaswant Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._Chidambaram" title="P. Chidambaram">P. Chidambaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I._K._Gujral" class="mw-redirect" title="I. K. Gujral">I. K. Gujral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arun_Jaitley" title="Arun Jaitley">Arun Jaitley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piyush_Goyal" title="Piyush Goyal">Piyush Goyal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirmala_Sitharaman" title="Nirmala Sitharaman">Nirmala Sitharaman</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(incumbent)</span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_India.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Emblem of India"><img alt="Emblem of India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/47px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="47" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/71px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/94px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="933" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=India&#124;link=India_Defence_Ministers_of_India" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Defence_Ministers_of_India" title="Template:Defence Ministers of India"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Defence_Ministers_of_India" title="Template talk:Defence Ministers of India"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Defence_Ministers_of_India" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Defence Ministers of India"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=India&#124;link=India_Defence_Ministers_of_India" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Defence_(India)" title="Minister of Defence (India)">Defence Ministers of India</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baldev_Singh" title="Baldev Singh">Baldev Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N._Gopalaswami_Ayyangar" title="N. Gopalaswami Ayyangar">N. Gopalaswami Ayyangar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kailash_Nath_Katju" title="Kailash Nath Katju">Kailash Nath Katju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._K._Krishna_Menon" title="V. K. Krishna Menon">V. K. Krishna Menon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yashwantrao_Chavan" title="Yashwantrao Chavan">Yashwantrao Chavan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swaran_Singh" title="Swaran Singh">Swaran Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagjivan_Ram" title="Jagjivan Ram">Jagjivan Ram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi" title="Indira Gandhi">Indira Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bansi_Lal" title="Bansi Lal">Bansi Lal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chidambaram_Subramaniam" title="Chidambaram Subramaniam">Chidambaram Subramaniam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._Venkataraman" class="mw-redirect" title="R. Venkataraman">R. Venkataraman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shankarrao_Chavan" title="Shankarrao Chavan">Shankarrao Chavan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._V._Narasimha_Rao" title="P. V. Narasimha Rao">P. V. Narasimha Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Gandhi" title="Rajiv Gandhi">Rajiv Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishwanath_Pratap_Singh" class="mw-redirect" title="Vishwanath Pratap Singh">Vishwanath Pratap Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._C._Pant" title="K. C. Pant">K. C. Pant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandra_Shekhar" title="Chandra Shekhar">Chandra Shekhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharad_Pawar" title="Sharad Pawar">Sharad Pawar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pramod_Mahajan" title="Pramod Mahajan">Pramod Mahajan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulayam_Singh_Yadav" title="Mulayam Singh Yadav">Mulayam Singh Yadav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Fernandes" title="George Fernandes">George Fernandes</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jaswant Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pranab_Mukherjee" title="Pranab Mukherjee">Pranab Mukherjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._K._Antony" title="A. K. Antony">A. K. Antony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arun_Jaitley" title="Arun Jaitley">Arun Jaitley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manohar_Parrikar" title="Manohar Parrikar">Manohar Parrikar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirmala_Sitharaman" title="Nirmala Sitharaman">Nirmala Sitharaman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajnath_Singh" title="Rajnath Singh">Rajnath Singh</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(incumbent)</span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_India.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Emblem of India"><img alt="Emblem of India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/47px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="47" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/71px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, 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class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_External_Affairs_(India)" title="Ministry of External Affairs (India)">Ministry of External Affairs (India)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Divisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Secretary (CPV & <br />Overseas Indian Affairs)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sanjay_Bhattacharya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sanjay Bhattacharya (page does not exist)">Sanjay Bhattacharya</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(incumbent)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Secretary (Economic Relations)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rahul_Chhabra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rahul Chhabra (page does not exist)">Rahul Chhabra</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(incumbent)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Secretary (West)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vikas_Swarup" title="Vikas Swarup">Vikas Swarup</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(incumbent)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Secretary (East)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Riva_Ganguly_Das" title="Riva Ganguly Das">Riva Ganguly Das</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(incumbent)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Secretary" title="Foreign Secretary">Foreign Secretary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=K._P._S._Menon_Sr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="K. P. S. Menon Sr. (page does not exist)">K. P. S. Menon Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._K._Nehru" class="mw-redirect" title="R. K. Nehru">R. K. Nehru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subimal_Dutt" title="Subimal Dutt">Subimal Dutt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=M._J._Desai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="M. J. Desai (page does not exist)">M. J. Desai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y._D._Gundevia" title="Y. D. Gundevia">Y. D. Gundevia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=C._S._Jha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="C. S. Jha (page does not exist)">C. S. Jha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajeshwar_Dayal" title="Rajeshwar Dayal">Rajeshwar Dayal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._N._Kaul" class="mw-redirect" title="T. N. Kaul">T. N. Kaul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kewal_Singh" class="mw-redirect" title="Kewal Singh">Kewal Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._S._Mehta" class="mw-redirect" title="J. S. Mehta">J. S. Mehta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._D._Sathe" class="mw-redirect" title="R. D. Sathe">R. D. Sathe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=M._K._Rasgotra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="M. K. Rasgotra (page does not exist)">M. K. Rasgotra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romesh_Bhandari" title="Romesh Bhandari">Romesh Bhandari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._P._Venkateswaran" title="A. P. Venkateswaran">A. P. Venkateswaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._P._S._Menon_Jr." title="K. P. S. Menon Jr.">K. P. S. Menon Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shilendra_Kumar_Singh" title="Shilendra Kumar Singh">Shilendra Kumar Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muchukund_Dubey" class="mw-redirect" title="Muchukund Dubey">Muchukund Dubey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._N._Dixit" class="mw-redirect" title="J. N. Dixit">J. N. Dixit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishnan_Srinivasan" title="Krishnan Srinivasan">Krishnan Srinivasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salman_Haidar" title="Salman Haidar">Salman Haidar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._Raghunath" title="K. Raghunath">K. Raghunath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lalit_Mansingh" title="Lalit Mansingh">Lalit Mansingh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chokila_Iyer" title="Chokila Iyer">Chokila Iyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanwal_Sibal" title="Kanwal Sibal">Kanwal Sibal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shashank" title="Shashank">Shashank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shyam_Saran" title="Shyam Saran">Shyam Saran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shivshankar_Menon" title="Shivshankar Menon">Shivshankar Menon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirupama_Rao" title="Nirupama Rao">Nirupama Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranjan_Mathai" title="Ranjan Mathai">Ranjan Mathai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sujatha_Singh" title="Sujatha Singh">Sujatha Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subrahmanyam_Jaishankar" class="mw-redirect" title="Subrahmanyam Jaishankar">Subrahmanyam Jaishankar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijay_Keshav_Gokhale" title="Vijay Keshav Gokhale">Vijay Keshav Gokhale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harsh_Vardhan_Shringla" title="Harsh Vardhan Shringla">Harsh Vardhan Shringla</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(incumbent)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_India.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Emblem of India"><img alt="Emblem of India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/47px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="47" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/71px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/94px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="933" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">External Affairs<br />Ministers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulzari_Lal_Nanda" class="mw-redirect" title="Gulzari Lal Nanda">Gulzari Lal Nanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lal_Bahadur_Shastri" title="Lal Bahadur Shastri">Lal Bahadur Shastri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swaran_Singh" title="Swaran Singh">Swaran Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._C._Chagla" title="M. C. Chagla">M. C. Chagla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi" title="Indira Gandhi">Indira Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinesh_Singh_(Uttar_Pradesh_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinesh Singh (Uttar Pradesh politician)">Dinesh Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yashwantrao_Chavan" title="Yashwantrao Chavan">Yashwantrao Chavan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shyam_Nandan_Prasad_Mishra" title="Shyam Nandan Prasad Mishra">Shyam Nandan Prasad Mishra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._V._Narasimha_Rao" title="P. V. Narasimha Rao">P. V. Narasimha Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Gandhi" title="Rajiv Gandhi">Rajiv Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bali_Ram_Bhagat" title="Bali Ram Bhagat">Bali Ram Bhagat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._Shiv_Shankar" title="P. Shiv Shankar">P. Shiv Shankar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N._D._Tiwari" title="N. D. Tiwari">N. D. Tiwari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishwanath_Pratap_Singh" class="mw-redirect" title="Vishwanath Pratap Singh">Vishwanath Pratap Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I._K._Gujral" class="mw-redirect" title="I. K. Gujral">I. K. Gujral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidya_Charan_Shukla" title="Vidya Charan Shukla">Vidya Charan Shukla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhavsinh_Solanki" class="mw-redirect" title="Madhavsinh Solanki">Madhavsinh Solanki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pranab_Mukherjee" title="Pranab Mukherjee">Pranab Mukherjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikander_Bakht" title="Sikander Bakht">Sikander Bakht</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jaswant Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yashwant_Sinha" title="Yashwant Sinha">Yashwant Sinha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natwar_Singh" title="Natwar Singh">Natwar Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh">Manmohan Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._M._Krishna" title="S. M. Krishna">S. M. Krishna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salman_Khurshid" title="Salman Khurshid">Salman Khurshid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sushma_Swaraj" title="Sushma Swaraj">Sushma Swaraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._Jaishankar" title="S. Jaishankar">S. Jaishankar</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(incumbent)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ministers of State <br /> for External Affairs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/V._K._Singh" title="V. K. Singh">V. K. Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._Muraleedharan" title="V. Muraleedharan">V. Muraleedharan</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(incumbent)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related Links</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Overseas_Indian_Affairs" title="Ministry of Overseas Indian Affairs">Ministry of Overseas Indian Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_India" title="Foreign relations of India">Foreign relations of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_India" title="Visa policy of India">Visa policy of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passports_Act" title="Passports Act">Passports Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_passport" title="Indian passport">Indian passport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Foreign_Service" title="Indian Foreign Service">Indian Foreign Service</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=India&#124;link=India_External_Affairs_Ministers_of_India" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:External_Affairs_Ministers_of_India" title="Template:External Affairs Ministers of India"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:External_Affairs_Ministers_of_India" title="Template talk:External Affairs Ministers of India"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:External_Affairs_Ministers_of_India" title="Special:EditPage/Template:External Affairs Ministers of India"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=India&#124;link=India_External_Affairs_Ministers_of_India" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_External_Affairs_(India)" title="Minister of External Affairs (India)">External Affairs Ministers of India</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulzari_Lal_Nanda" class="mw-redirect" title="Gulzari Lal Nanda">Gulzari Lal Nanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lal_Bahadur_Shastri" title="Lal Bahadur Shastri">Lal Bahadur Shastri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swaran_Singh" title="Swaran Singh">Swaran Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._C._Chagla" title="M. C. Chagla">M. C. Chagla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi" title="Indira Gandhi">Indira Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinesh_Singh_(Uttar_Pradesh_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinesh Singh (Uttar Pradesh politician)">Dinesh Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yashwantrao_Chavan" title="Yashwantrao Chavan">Yashwantrao Chavan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shyam_Nandan_Prasad_Mishra" title="Shyam Nandan Prasad Mishra">Shyam Nandan Prasad Mishra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._V._Narasimha_Rao" title="P. V. Narasimha Rao">P. V. Narasimha Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Gandhi" title="Rajiv Gandhi">Rajiv Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bali_Ram_Bhagat" title="Bali Ram Bhagat">Bali Ram Bhagat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._Shiv_Shankar" title="P. Shiv Shankar">P. Shiv Shankar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N._D._Tiwari" title="N. D. Tiwari">N. D. 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Krishna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salman_Khurshid" title="Salman Khurshid">Salman Khurshid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sushma_Swaraj" title="Sushma Swaraj">Sushma Swaraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._Jaishankar" title="S. Jaishankar">S. Jaishankar</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(incumbent)</span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_India.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Emblem of India"><img alt="Emblem of India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/47px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="47" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/71px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/94px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="933" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=India&#124;link=India_Deputy_Chairman_of_the_Planning_Commission" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Deputy_Chair_of_the_Planning_Commission" title="Template:Deputy Chair of the Planning Commission"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Deputy_Chair_of_the_Planning_Commission" title="Template talk:Deputy Chair of the Planning Commission"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Deputy_Chair_of_the_Planning_Commission" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Deputy Chair of the Planning Commission"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=India&#124;link=India_Deputy_Chairman_of_the_Planning_Commission" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Chairman_of_the_Planning_Commission" title="Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission">Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gulzari_Lal_Nanda" class="mw-redirect" title="Gulzari Lal Nanda">Gulzari Lal Nanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V.T._Krishnamachari" class="mw-redirect" title="V.T. Krishnamachari">V.T. Krishnamachari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C.M._Trivedi" class="mw-redirect" title="C.M. Trivedi">C.M. Trivedi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashok_Mehta" title="Ashok Mehta">Ashok Mehta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D.R._Gadgil" class="mw-redirect" title="D.R. Gadgil">D.R. Gadgil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._Subramaniam" class="mw-redirect" title="C. Subramaniam">C. Subramaniam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durga_Prasad_Dhar" title="Durga Prasad Dhar">Durga Prasad Dhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P.N._Haksar" class="mw-redirect" title="P.N. Haksar">P.N. Haksar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D.T._Lakdawala" class="mw-redirect" title="D.T. Lakdawala">D.T. Lakdawala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N.D._Tiwari" class="mw-redirect" title="N.D. Tiwari">N.D. Tiwari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S.B._Chavan" class="mw-redirect" title="S.B. Chavan">S.B. Chavan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prakash_Chandra_Sethi" title="Prakash Chandra Sethi">Prakash Chandra Sethi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P.V._Narasimha_Rao" class="mw-redirect" title="P.V. Narasimha Rao">P.V. Narasimha Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh">Manmohan Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._Shiv_Shankar" title="P. Shiv Shankar">P. Shiv Shankar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhav_Singh_Solanki" title="Madhav Singh Solanki">Madhav Singh Solanki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramakrishna_Hegde" title="Ramakrishna Hegde">Ramakrishna Hegde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhu_Dandavate" title="Madhu Dandavate">Madhu Dandavate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohan_Dharia" title="Mohan Dharia">Mohan Dharia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pranab_Mukherjee" title="Pranab Mukherjee">Pranab Mukherjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhu_Dandavate" title="Madhu Dandavate">Madhu Dandavate</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jaswant Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K.C._Pant" class="mw-redirect" title="K.C. Pant">K.C. Pant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montek_Singh_Ahluwalia" title="Montek Singh Ahluwalia">Montek Singh Ahluwalia</a> (2004 -)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_India.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Emblem of India"><img alt="Emblem of India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/47px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="47" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/71px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/94px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="933" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Members_of_the_15th_Lok_Sabha_from_West_Bengal" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:15th_Lok_Sabha_members_from_West_Bengal" title="Template:15th Lok Sabha members from West Bengal"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:15th_Lok_Sabha_members_from_West_Bengal" title="Template talk:15th Lok Sabha members from West 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href="/wiki/Adhir_Ranjan_Chowdhury" title="Adhir Ranjan Chowdhury">Adhir Ranjan Chowdhury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambica_Banerjee" title="Ambica Banerjee">Ambica Banerjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anup_Kumar_Saha" title="Anup Kumar Saha">Anup Kumar Saha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bansa_Gopal_Chowdhury" title="Bansa Gopal Chowdhury">Bansa Gopal Chowdhury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basudeb_Acharia" title="Basudeb Acharia">Basudeb Acharia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choudhury_Mohan_Jatua" title="Choudhury Mohan Jatua">Choudhury Mohan Jatua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deepa_Dasmunsi" title="Deepa Dasmunsi">Deepa Dasmunsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinesh_Trivedi" title="Dinesh Trivedi">Dinesh Trivedi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gobinda_Chandra_Naskar" title="Gobinda Chandra Naskar">Gobinda Chandra Naskar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurudas_Dasgupta" title="Gurudas Dasgupta">Gurudas Dasgupta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haji_Nurul_Islam" title="Haji Nurul Islam">Haji Nurul Islam</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jaswant Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabir_Suman" title="Kabir Suman">Kabir Suman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakoli_Ghosh_Dastidar" title="Kakoli Ghosh Dastidar">Kakoli Ghosh Dastidar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalyan_Banerjee_(politician)" title="Kalyan Banerjee (politician)">Kalyan Banerjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahendra_Kumar_Roy_(West_Bengal_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahendra Kumar Roy (West Bengal politician)">Mahendra Kumar Roy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamata_Banerjee" title="Mamata Banerjee">Mamata Banerjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manohar_Tirkey" title="Manohar Tirkey">Manohar Tirkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mausam_Noor" title="Mausam Noor">Mausam Noor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narahari_Mahato" title="Narahari Mahato">Narahari Mahato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nripendra_Nath_Roy" title="Nripendra Nath Roy">Nripendra Nath Roy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prabodh_Panda" title="Prabodh Panda">Prabodh Panda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pranab_Mukherjee" title="Pranab Mukherjee">Pranab Mukherjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prasanta_Kumar_Majumdar" title="Prasanta Kumar Majumdar">Prasanta Kumar Majumdar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prasun_Banerjee" title="Prasun Banerjee">Prasun Banerjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dr._Pulin_Bihari_Baske" class="mw-redirect" title="Dr. Pulin Bihari Baske">Pulin Behari Baske</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Chandra_Dome" title="Ram Chandra Dome">Ram Chandra Dome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratna_De_(Nag)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ratna De (Nag)">Ratna De (Nag)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prof._S._K._Saidul_Haque" class="mw-redirect" title="Prof. S. K. Saidul Haque">S.K.Saidul Haque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakti_Mohan_Malik" title="Sakti Mohan Malik">Sakti Mohan Malik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saugata_Roy" title="Saugata Roy">Saugata Roy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shatabdi_Roy" class="mw-redirect" title="Shatabdi Roy">Shatabdi Roy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisir_Adhikari" title="Sisir Adhikari">Sisir Adhikari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somendra_Nath_Mitra" class="mw-redirect" title="Somendra Nath Mitra">Somendra Nath Mitra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sucharu_Ranjan_Haldar" title="Sucharu Ranjan Haldar">Sucharu Ranjan Haldar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subrata_Bakshi" title="Subrata Bakshi">Subrata Bakshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudip_Bandyopadhyay" title="Sudip Bandyopadhyay">Sudip Bandyopadhyay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultan_Ahmed_(Indian_politician)" title="Sultan Ahmed (Indian politician)">Sultan Ahmed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susmita_Bauri" title="Susmita Bauri">Susmita Bauri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suvendu_Adhikari" title="Suvendu Adhikari">Suvendu Adhikari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapas_Paul" title="Tapas Paul">Tapas Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarun_Mandal" title="Tarun Mandal">Tarun Mandal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div style="float: left;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Eleventh_to_Fourteenth_Lok_Sabha,_West_Bengal" title="Template:Eleventh to Fourteenth Lok Sabha, West Bengal">11-14th LS members</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg/12px-Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg/18px-Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg/24px-Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a></span> </div><div style="float: right;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg/12px-Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg/18px-Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg/24px-Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Template:16th_LS_members_from_West_Bengal" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:16th LS members from West Bengal">16th LS members</a></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Modern_Hindu_writers_(1848_to_date)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Modern_Hindu_writers" title="Template:Modern Hindu writers"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Modern_Hindu_writers" title="Template talk:Modern Hindu writers"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Modern_Hindu_writers" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Modern Hindu writers"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Modern_Hindu_writers_(1848_to_date)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Modern <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hindu</a> writers <small><span class="nobold">(<a href="/wiki/India#Modern_India" title="India">1848</a> to date)</span></small></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_the_West" title="Hinduism in the West">Hinduism in the West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_philosophy" title="Indian philosophy">Indian philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_religions" title="Indian religions">Indian religions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_denominations" title="Hindu denominations">Religious writers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mirra_Alfassa" title="Mirra Alfassa">Mirra Alfassa (The Mother)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Anirvan" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Anirvan">Sri Anirvan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Aurobindo" title="Sri Aurobindo">Sri Aurobindo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ananda_Coomaraswamy" title="Ananda Coomaraswamy">Ananda Coomaraswamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayananda_Saraswati_(Arsha_Vidya)" title="Dayananda Saraswati (Arsha Vidya)">Dayananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eknath_Easwaran" title="Eknath Easwaran">Eknath Easwaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satsvarupa_dasa_Goswami" title="Satsvarupa dasa Goswami">Satsvarupa dasa Goswami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahendranath_Gupta" title="Mahendranath Gupta">Mahendranath Gupta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiddu_Krishnamurti" title="Jiddu Krishnamurti">Jiddu Krishnamurti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nisargadatta_Maharaj" title="Nisargadatta Maharaj">Nisargadatta Maharaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramana_Maharshi" title="Ramana Maharshi">Ramana Maharshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._G._Mohan" title="A. G. Mohan">A. G. Mohan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sister_Nivedita" title="Sister Nivedita">Sister Nivedita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Prabhavananda" title="Swami Prabhavananda">Swami Prabhavananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._C._Bhaktivedanta_Swami_Prabhupada" title="A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada">A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishna_Prem" title="Krishna Prem">Krishna Prem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Rama" title="Swami Rama">Swami Rama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srivatsa_Ramaswami" title="Srivatsa Ramaswami">Srivatsa Ramaswami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Ramdas" title="Swami Ramdas">Swami Ramdas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinmayananda_Saraswati" title="Chinmayananda Saraswati">Chinmayananda Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayananda_Saraswati" title="Dayananda Saraswati">Dayananda Saraswati (Arya Samaj)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishnananda_Saraswati" title="Krishnananda Saraswati">Krishnananda Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sivananda_Saraswati" title="Sivananda Saraswati">Sivananda Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Satprakashananda" title="Swami Satprakashananda">Swami Satprakashananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Shraddhanand" title="Swami Shraddhanand">Swami Shraddhanand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Swarup" title="Ram Swarup">Ram Swarup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Vivekananda" title="Swami Vivekananda">Swami Vivekananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramahansa_Yogananda" title="Paramahansa Yogananda">Paramahansa Yogananda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_politics" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu politics">Political writers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Gautier" title="François Gautier">François Gautier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sita_Ram_Goel" title="Sita Ram Goel">Sita Ram Goel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Gopal_(author)" title="Ram Gopal (author)">Ram Gopal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarvepalli_Radhakrishnan" title="Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan">Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arun_Shourie" title="Arun Shourie">Arun Shourie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bal_Gangadhar_Tilak" title="Bal Gangadhar Tilak">Bal Gangadhar Tilak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kartik_Oraon" title="Kartik Oraon">Kartik Oraon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinayak_Damodar_Savarkar" title="Vinayak Damodar Savarkar">Vinayak Damodar Savarkar</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jaswant Singh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indian_literature" title="Indian literature">Literary writers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bankim_Chandra_Chattopadhyay" class="mw-redirect" title="Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay">Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramdhari_Singh_Dinkar" title="Ramdhari Singh Dinkar">Ramdhari Singh Dinkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._Rajagopalachari" title="C. Rajagopalachari">C. Rajagopalachari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._D._Sethna" title="K. D. Sethna">K. D. Sethna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amish_Tripathi" title="Amish Tripathi">Amish Tripathi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinayak_Damodar_Savarkar" title="Vinayak Damodar Savarkar">Vinayak Damodar Savarkar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Westerners influenced<br /> by Hinduism</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Besant" title="Annie Besant">Annie Besant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helena_Blavatsky" title="Helena Blavatsky">Helena Blavatsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deepak_Chopra" title="Deepak Chopra">Deepak Chopra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleister_Crowley" title="Aleister Crowley">Aleister Crowley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Dass" title="Ram Dass">Ram Dass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Dyer" title="Wayne Dyer">Wayne Dyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._S._Eliot" title="T. S. Eliot">T. S. Eliot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Waldo_Emerson" title="Ralph Waldo Emerson">R.W. Emerson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allen_Ginsberg" title="Allen Ginsberg">Allen Ginsberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Gu%C3%A9non" title="René Guénon">René Guénon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Harrison" title="George Harrison">George Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aldous_Huxley" title="Aldous Huxley">Aldous Huxley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Isherwood" title="Christopher Isherwood">Christopher Isherwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lynch" title="David Lynch">David Lynch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Malraux" title="André Malraux">André Malraux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Miller" title="Henry Miller">Henry Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Montessori" title="Maria Montessori">Maria Montessori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Steel_Olcott" title="Henry Steel Olcott">H.S. Olcott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Robert_Oppenheimer" title="J. Robert Oppenheimer">Oppenheimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helena_Roerich" title="Helena Roerich">Helena Roerich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romain_Rolland" title="Romain Rolland">Romain Rolland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Schopenhauer" title="Arthur Schopenhauer">Arthur Schopenhauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger">Erwin Schrödinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_David_Thoreau" title="Henry David Thoreau">Thoreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Tolstoy" title="Leo Tolstoy">Leo Tolstoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire">Voltaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Watts" title="Alan Watts">Alan Watts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Wilber" title="Ken Wilber">Ken Wilber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._B._Yeats" title="W. B. Yeats">W. B. Yeats</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indology" title="Indology">Scholars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alain_Dani%C3%A9lou" title="Alain Daniélou">Alain Daniélou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._N._Balagangadhara" title="S. N. Balagangadhara">S. N. Balagangadhara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Danino" title="Michel Danino">Michel Danino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Deussen" title="Paul Deussen">Paul Deussen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharampal" title="Dharampal">Dharampal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mircea_Eliade" title="Mircea Eliade">Mircea Eliade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sister_Gargi" title="Sister Gargi">Sister Gargi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Feuerstein" title="Georg Feuerstein">Georg Feuerstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meenakshi_Jain" title="Meenakshi Jain">Meenakshi Jain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klaus_Klostermaier" title="Klaus Klostermaier">Klaus Klostermaier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hajime_Nakamura" title="Hajime Nakamura">Hajime Nakamura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anantanand_Rambachan" title="Anantanand Rambachan">Anantanand Rambachan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arvind_Sharma" title="Arvind Sharma">Arvind Sharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham_Schweig" title="Graham Schweig">Graham Schweig</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_modern_Eastern_religions_writers" class="mw-redirect" title="List of modern Eastern religions writers">List of modern Eastern religions writers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_writers_on_Hinduism" title="List of writers on Hinduism">List of writers on Hinduism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Hinduism" title="Portal:Hinduism">Hinduism Portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:India" title="Portal:India">India Portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3518489#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3518489#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3518489#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121312829">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/46942918">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/421965/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJxhqYHTXKWGpDv7tf6dwC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/121021750">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n98075269">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13761374n">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13761374n">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/PUVV162696">Italy</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an53950940">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jx20110719026&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1579974">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p180124315">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/99027162">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007446578905171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA18137082?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/0883a689-4f8f-467a-8ce4-eb0186024864">MusicBrainz</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/fd05880b-f1a9-4fd6-8979-187defcfc348">KulturNav</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1540343">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd121021750.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/059808853">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10582711">NARA</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/jasvant-sinh">İslâm Ansiklopedisi</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jaswant_Singh&oldid=1261839691">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jaswant_Singh&oldid=1261839691</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a 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55,\n [\"Spnd\"] = 1,\n [\"Ubl\"] = 4,\n [\"Use Indian English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Website defunct\"] = 1,\n [\"Wikiquote-inline\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","460","26.4"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","220","12.6"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","200","11.5"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","160","9.2"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","100","5.7"],["type","60","3.4"],["(for 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