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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_settlement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Early settlement </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_settlement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-French_settlement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#French_settlement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 French settlement </div> </a> <ul id="toc-French_settlement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-British_rule" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#British_rule"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 British rule </div> </a> <ul id="toc-British_rule-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-19th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#19th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 19th century </div> </a> <ul id="toc-19th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6 20th century </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-World_War_II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_War_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6.1 World War II </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_War_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Postwar_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Postwar_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6.2 Postwar era </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Postwar_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1970s_and_decline" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1970s_and_decline"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6.3 1970s and decline </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1970s_and_decline-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-21st_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21st_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.7 21st century </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21st_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Geography </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Geography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Metropolitan_area" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metropolitan_area"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Metropolitan area </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metropolitan_area-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Topography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Topography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Topography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Topography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cityscape" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cityscape"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Cityscape </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cityscape-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.1 Architecture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Neighborhoods" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Neighborhoods"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.2 Neighborhoods </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Neighborhoods-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Parks </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Climate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Demographics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Demographics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Religion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Income_and_employment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Income_and_employment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Income and employment </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Income_and_employment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Race_and_ethnicity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Race_and_ethnicity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Race and ethnicity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Race_and_ethnicity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crime" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crime"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Crime </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crime-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Economy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arts_and_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arts_and_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Arts and culture </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Arts_and_culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Arts and culture subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Arts_and_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nicknames" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nicknames"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Nicknames </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nicknames-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Music </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Performing_arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Performing_arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Performing arts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Performing_arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Tourism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Sports </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Government </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Government subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Politics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Education </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Education subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Colleges_and_universities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colleges_and_universities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Colleges and universities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colleges_and_universities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Primary_and_secondary_schools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primary_and_secondary_schools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Primary and secondary schools </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primary_and_secondary_schools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Public_schools_and_charter_schools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_schools_and_charter_schools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2.1 Public schools and charter schools </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_schools_and_charter_schools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Private_schools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Private_schools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2.2 Private schools </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Private_schools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Media </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infrastructure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infrastructure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Infrastructure </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Infrastructure subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Health_systems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health_systems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 Health systems </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health_systems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.2 Transportation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Transit_systems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transit_systems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.2.1 Transit systems </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transit_systems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Car_ownership" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Car_ownership"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.2.2 Car ownership </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Car_ownership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Freight_railroads" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Freight_railroads"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.2.3 Freight railroads </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Freight_railroads-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Airports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Airports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.2.4 Airports </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Airports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Freeways" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Freeways"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.2.5 Freeways </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Freeways-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Floating_post_office" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Floating_post_office"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.3 Floating post office </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Floating_post_office-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Notable people </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Sister cities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 Further reading </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Further reading subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Primary_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primary_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16.1 Primary sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primary_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Detroit</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 148 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-148" aria-hidden="true" > 148 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Detroit" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%B2%E1%89%B5%E1%88%AE%E1%8B%AD%E1%89%B5" title="ዲትሮይት – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ዲትሮይት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C4%93otford" title="Dēotford – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Dēotford" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AA" title="ديترويت – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ديترويت" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Detroit" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%AB%D5%A9%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%B5%D5%A9" title="Տիթրոյթ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Տիթրոյթ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Detroit" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Detroit" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroyt" title="Detroyt – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Detroyt" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="دیترویت – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="دیترویت" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9troit" title="Détroit – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Détroit" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bamanankan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9F" title="ডেট্রয়েট – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ডেট্রয়েট" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Detroit" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%82" title="Детройт – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Детройт" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%82" title="Дэтройт – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Дэтройт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%82" title="Дэтройт – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Дэтройт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%82" title="Детройт – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Детройт" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Detroit" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit_(Michigan)" title="Detroit (Michigan) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Detroit (Michigan)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Detroit" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%82" title="Детройт – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Детройт" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit_(kapital_sa_kondado)" title="Detroit (kapital sa kondado) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Detroit (kapital sa kondado)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Detroit" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Detroit" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Detroit" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Detroit" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dagbanli</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Detroit" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Detroit" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B3naazy%C3%ADn%C3%ADta%CA%BC" title="Tónaazyínítaʼ – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Tónaazyínítaʼ" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Diné bizaad</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Detroit" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CF%84%CE%B9%CF%84%CF%81%CF%8C%CE%B9%CF%84" title="Ντιτρόιτ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ντιτρόιτ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Detroit" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Emiliàn e rumagnòl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Detroit" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detrojto" title="Detrojto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Detrojto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Detroit" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Detroit" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="دیترویت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دیترویت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Detroit" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9troit_(Michigan)" title="Détroit (Michigan) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Détroit (Michigan)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Detroit" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit,_Michigan" title="Detroit, Michigan – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Detroit, Michigan" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit,_Michigan" title="Detroit, Michigan – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Detroit, Michigan" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Detroit" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Detroit" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gĩkũyũ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A4%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="ديترؤیت – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="ديترؤیت" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">گیلکی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Detroit" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%94%94%ED%8A%B8%EB%A1%9C%EC%9D%B4%ED%8A%B8" title="디트로이트 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="디트로이트" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Detroit" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B4%D5%A5%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%B5%D5%A9" title="Դետրոյթ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Դետրոյթ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%9F,_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A8" title="डेट्रॉइट, मिशिगन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="डेट्रॉइट, मिशिगन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Detroit" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit,_Michigan" title="Detroit, Michigan – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Detroit, Michigan" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Detroit" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Detroit" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igbo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Detroit" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit_(Michigan)" title="Detroit (Michigan) – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Detroit (Michigan)" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit_(Michigan)" title="Detroit (Michigan) – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Detroit (Michigan)" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%82" title="Детройт – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Детройт" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Detroit" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Detroit" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%99%D7%98" title="דטרויט – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דטרויט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D" title="ಡೆಟ್ರಾಯಿಟ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಡೆಟ್ರಾಯಿಟ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit,_Michigan" title="Detroit, Michigan – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Detroit, Michigan" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="დეტროიტი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="დეტროიტი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%82" title="Детройт – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Детройт" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit,_Michigan" title="Detroit, Michigan – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Detroit, Michigan" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit,_Michigan" title="Detroit, Michigan – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Detroit, Michigan" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Detroit" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%82" title="Детройт – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Детройт" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%82" title="Детройт – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Детройт" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кырык мары</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Detroit" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroitum" title="Detroitum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Detroitum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroita" title="Detroita – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Detroita" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Detroit" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroitas" title="Detroitas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Detroitas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Detroit" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Detroit" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit_(Michigan)" title="Detroit (Michigan) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Detroit (Michigan)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Детроит – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Детроит" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Detroit" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D" title="ഡെട്രോയിറ്റ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഡെട്രോയിറ്റ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%9F" title="डीट्रॉइट – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="डीट्रॉइट" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="დეტროიტი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="დეტროიტი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AA" title="ديترويت – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ديترويت" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="دیترویت – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="دیترویت" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Detroit" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Detroit" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%82" title="Детройт – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Детройт" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit_(Michigan)" title="Detroit (Michigan) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Detroit (Michigan)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%87%E3%83%88%E3%83%AD%E3%82%A4%E3%83%88" title="デトロイト – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="デトロイト" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%82" title="Детройт – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Детройт" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Detroit" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroiit" title="Detroiit – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Detroiit" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norfuk / Pitkern</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Detroit" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Detroit" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Detroit" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Detroit" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%9F" title="ਡਿਟਰੋਇਟ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਡਿਟਰੋਇਟ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%88%DB%8C%D9%B9%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A6%D9%B9" title="ڈیٹروئٹ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ڈیٹروئٹ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Detroit" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Detroit" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Detroit" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Detroit" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit – Tahitian" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Detroit" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="Tahitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Reo tahiti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Detroit" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit_(Michigan)" title="Detroit (Michigan) – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Detroit (Michigan)" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%82" title="Детройт – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Детройт" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%82" title="Детройт – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Детройт" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Detroit" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Detroit" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Detroit" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Detroit" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Detroit" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Detroit" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Detroit" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Detroit" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Detroit" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Detroit" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8E%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%86%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="دێترۆیت – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دێترۆیت" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Детроит – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Детроит" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit,_Michigan" title="Detroit, Michigan – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Detroit, Michigan" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Detroit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Detroit" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Detroit" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D" title="டிட்ராயிட் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="டிட்ராயிட்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%82" title="Детройт – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Детройт" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D" title="డెట్రాయిట్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="డెట్రాయిట్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit – Tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Detroit" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tetun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C" title="ดีทรอยต์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ดีทรอยต์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%82" title="Детройт – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Детройт" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Detroit" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Detroit" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Twi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%82" title="Детройт – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Детройт" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%88%DB%8C%D9%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%B9" title="ڈیٹرائٹ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ڈیٹرائٹ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%90%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%89%D8%AA" title="دېترويىت – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="دېترويىت" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Detroit" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Detroit" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Detroit" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Detroit" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BA%95%E7%89%B9%E5%BE%8B" title="底特律 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="底特律" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Detroit" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BA%95%E7%89%B9%E5%BE%8B" title="底特律 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="底特律" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%A2%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%99%D7%98" title="דעטרויט – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="דעטרויט" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" 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.latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Detroit&params=42_19_53_N_83_02_45_W_region:US-MI_type:city(632,000)">42°19′53″N 83°02′45″W / 42.33139°N 83.04583°W / 42.33139; -83.04583</a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Detroit,_MI&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Detroit, MI">Detroit, MI</a>)</div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Largest city in Michigan, United States</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Motor City" and "Detroit City" redirect here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Detroit_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Detroit (disambiguation)">Detroit (disambiguation)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Motor_City_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Motor City (disambiguation)">Motor City (disambiguation)</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Detroit_City_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Detroit City (disambiguation)">Detroit City (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Michigan, United States</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Detroit</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/City" title="City">City</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:290px;max-width:290px"><div style="height:151px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Detroit_Skyline_(123143197).jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Downtown Detroit skyline" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Detroit_Skyline_%28123143197%29.jpeg/288px-Detroit_Skyline_%28123143197%29.jpeg" decoding="async" width="288" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Detroit_Skyline_%28123143197%29.jpeg/432px-Detroit_Skyline_%28123143197%29.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Detroit_Skyline_%28123143197%29.jpeg/576px-Detroit_Skyline_%28123143197%29.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1080" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Downtown_Detroit" title="Downtown Detroit">Downtown Detroit</a> skyline</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:72px;max-width:72px"><div style="height:105px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Fox_Theater_Restored_to_It%27s_Original_Brilliance.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Fox Theatre" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Fox_Theater_Restored_to_It%27s_Original_Brilliance.jpg/70px-Fox_Theater_Restored_to_It%27s_Original_Brilliance.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Fox_Theater_Restored_to_It%27s_Original_Brilliance.jpg/105px-Fox_Theater_Restored_to_It%27s_Original_Brilliance.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Fox_Theater_Restored_to_It%27s_Original_Brilliance.jpg/140px-Fox_Theater_Restored_to_It%27s_Original_Brilliance.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2604" data-file-height="3932" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Fox_Theatre_(Detroit)" title="Fox Theatre (Detroit)">Fox Theatre</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:142px;max-width:142px"><div style="height:105px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Headquarters_of_GM_in_Detroit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Renaissance Center" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Headquarters_of_GM_in_Detroit.jpg/140px-Headquarters_of_GM_in_Detroit.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Headquarters_of_GM_in_Detroit.jpg/210px-Headquarters_of_GM_in_Detroit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Headquarters_of_GM_in_Detroit.jpg/280px-Headquarters_of_GM_in_Detroit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Renaissance_Center" title="Renaissance Center">Renaissance Center</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:72px;max-width:72px"><div style="height:105px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Ambassador_bridge_evening.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ambassador Bridge" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Ambassador_bridge_evening.jpg/70px-Ambassador_bridge_evening.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Ambassador_bridge_evening.jpg/105px-Ambassador_bridge_evening.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Ambassador_bridge_evening.jpg/140px-Ambassador_bridge_evening.jpg 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="300" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Ambassador_Bridge" title="Ambassador Bridge">Ambassador Bridge</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:149px;max-width:149px"><div style="height:109px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Detroit_Tiger_Stadium.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Comerica Park" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Detroit_Tiger_Stadium.jpg/147px-Detroit_Tiger_Stadium.jpg" decoding="async" width="147" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Detroit_Tiger_Stadium.jpg/221px-Detroit_Tiger_Stadium.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Detroit_Tiger_Stadium.jpg/294px-Detroit_Tiger_Stadium.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3022" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Comerica_Park" title="Comerica Park">Comerica Park</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:139px;max-width:139px"><div style="height:109px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Detroit_institute_of_arts,_esterno_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Detroit Institute of Arts" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Detroit_institute_of_arts%2C_esterno_01.jpg/137px-Detroit_institute_of_arts%2C_esterno_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="137" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Detroit_institute_of_arts%2C_esterno_01.jpg/206px-Detroit_institute_of_arts%2C_esterno_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Detroit_institute_of_arts%2C_esterno_01.jpg/274px-Detroit_institute_of_arts%2C_esterno_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2884" data-file-height="2304" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Detroit_Institute_of_Arts" title="Detroit Institute of Arts">Detroit Institute of Arts</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:136px;max-width:136px"><div style="height:100px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Motown_Museum_Detroit_(52755960301).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Hitsville U.S.A." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Motown_Museum_Detroit_%2852755960301%29.jpg/134px-Motown_Museum_Detroit_%2852755960301%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Motown_Museum_Detroit_%2852755960301%29.jpg/201px-Motown_Museum_Detroit_%2852755960301%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Motown_Museum_Detroit_%2852755960301%29.jpg/268px-Motown_Museum_Detroit_%2852755960301%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3848" data-file-height="2886" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Hitsville_U.S.A." title="Hitsville U.S.A.">Hitsville U.S.A.</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div style="height:100px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Historic_Scott_Fountain_located_at_Belle_Isle_Park.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Belle Isle Park" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Historic_Scott_Fountain_located_at_Belle_Isle_Park.jpg/150px-Historic_Scott_Fountain_located_at_Belle_Isle_Park.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Historic_Scott_Fountain_located_at_Belle_Isle_Park.jpg/225px-Historic_Scott_Fountain_located_at_Belle_Isle_Park.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Historic_Scott_Fountain_located_at_Belle_Isle_Park.jpg/300px-Historic_Scott_Fountain_located_at_Belle_Isle_Park.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Belle_Isle_Park" title="Belle Isle Park">Belle Isle Park</a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Detroit.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Detroit"><img alt="Flag of Detroit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Detroit.svg/100px-Flag_of_Detroit.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Detroit.svg/150px-Flag_of_Detroit.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Detroit.svg/200px-Flag_of_Detroit.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Detroit" title="Flag of Detroit">Flag</a></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_Detroit_(B%26W).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official seal of Detroit"><img alt="Official seal of Detroit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Seal_of_Detroit_%28B%26W%29.svg/100px-Seal_of_Detroit_%28B%26W%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Seal_of_Detroit_%28B%26W%29.svg/150px-Seal_of_Detroit_%28B%26W%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Seal_of_Detroit_%28B%26W%29.svg/200px-Seal_of_Detroit_%28B%26W%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="585" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Seal</div></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Logo_of_Detroit,_Michigan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official logo of Detroit"><img alt="Official logo of Detroit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Logo_of_Detroit%2C_Michigan.svg/100px-Logo_of_Detroit%2C_Michigan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Logo_of_Detroit%2C_Michigan.svg/150px-Logo_of_Detroit%2C_Michigan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Logo_of_Detroit%2C_Michigan.svg/200px-Logo_of_Detroit%2C_Michigan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="289" data-file-height="346" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/The_Spirit_of_Detroit" title="The Spirit of Detroit">Logo</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Etymology: <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: détroit (<a href="/wiki/Strait" title="Strait">strait</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Nicknames: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">The Motor City, Motown, and <a href="/wiki/Nicknames_of_Detroit" title="Nicknames of Detroit">others</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Motto(s): <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname"><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Richard#Work_in_Detroit" title="Gabriel Richard">Speramus Meliora; Resurget Cineribus</a> (<a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>: We Hope For Better Things; It Shall Rise From the Ashes)</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 290px; height: 290px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="290" data-height="290" data-zoom="10" data-lat="42.3317" data-lon="-83.0475" data-overlays="["_1f34d1faf5db21e4c59cbe74c6a24446b294d11f"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/10/42.3317/-83.0475/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,42.3317,-83.0475,290x290.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Detroit&groups=_1f34d1faf5db21e4c59cbe74c6a24446b294d11f" width="290" height="290" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,42.3317,-83.0475,290x290@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Detroit&groups=_1f34d1faf5db21e4c59cbe74c6a24446b294d11f 2x" alt="Map" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Interactive map of Detroit</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><a href="/wiki/File:Relief_map_of_USA_Michigan.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Detroit is located in Michigan"><img alt="Detroit is located in Michigan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Relief_map_of_USA_Michigan.png/250px-Relief_map_of_USA_Michigan.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="281" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Relief_map_of_USA_Michigan.png/375px-Relief_map_of_USA_Michigan.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Relief_map_of_USA_Michigan.png/500px-Relief_map_of_USA_Michigan.png 2x" data-file-width="1066" data-file-height="1200" /></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:88.123%;left:86.83%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Detroit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Detroit</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div>Show map of Michigan</div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><a href="/wiki/File:Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Detroit is located in the United States"><img alt="Detroit is located in the United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png/250px-Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png/375px-Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png/500px-Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="731" /></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:34.317%;left:70.678%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Detroit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Detroit</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div>Show map of the United States</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Detroit&params=42_19_53_N_83_02_45_W_region:US-MI_type:city(632,000)">42°19′53″N 83°02′45″W / 42.33139°N 83.04583°W / 42.33139; -83.04583</a><a href="#cite_note-GNIS-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">State</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Flag_of_Michigan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Michigan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Flag_of_Michigan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Michigan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Flag_of_Michigan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Michigan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="685" data-file-height="457" /> <a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Michigan" title="List of counties in Michigan">County</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Wayne_County,_Michigan" title="Wayne County, Michigan">Wayne</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">July 24, 1701 (1701-07-24)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Incorporated</th><td class="infobox-data">September 13, 1806 (1806-09-13)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Antoine_de_la_Mothe_Cadillac" title="Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac">Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac</a> & <a href="/wiki/Alphonse_de_Tonty" title="Alphonse de Tonty">Alphonse de Tonty</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Namesake" title="Namesake">Named for</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Detroit_River" title="Detroit River">Detroit River</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mayor%E2%80%93council_government" title="Mayor–council government">Strong Mayor</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Detroit_City_Council" title="Detroit City Council">Detroit City Council</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Detroit" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayor of Detroit">Mayor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Duggan" title="Mike Duggan">Mike Duggan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">D</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Municipal_clerk" title="Municipal clerk">Clerk</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Janice Winfrey</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • City council</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Members</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Mary_D._Waters" title="Mary D. Waters">Mary D. Waters</a> – At Large</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Coleman_Young_II" title="Coleman Young II">Coleman Young II</a> – At Large</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">James Tate – District 1 Northwest</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Angela Calloway – District 2 Near Northwest</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Scott Benson – District 3 Northeast</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Latisha Johnson – District 4 Far East Side</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Mary Sheffield – District 5 Central-Near East Side</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Gabriela Santiago-Romero – District 6 Southwest</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Fred_Durhal_III" title="Fred Durhal III">Fred Durhal III</a> – District 7 West Side</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-CenPopGazetteer2020-2">[2]</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/City" title="City">City</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">142.89 sq mi (370.09 km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Land</th><td class="infobox-data">138.73 sq mi (359.31 km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Water</th><td class="infobox-data">4.16 sq mi (10.78 km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,284.8 sq mi (3,327.7 km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">3,888.4 sq mi (10,071 km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-GNIS-1">[1]</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">656 ft (200 m)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (<a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020</a>)<a href="#cite_note-USCensusEst2021-3">[3]</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/City" title="City">City</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">639,111</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Estimate <div class="ib-settlement-fn">(2023)<a href="#cite_note-USCensusEst2023-4">[4]</a></div></div></th><td class="infobox-data">633,218</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_North_American_cities_by_population" title="List of North American cities by population">78th</a> in North America <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_cities_by_population" title="List of United States cities by population">26th</a> in the United States <a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Michigan" title="List of municipalities in Michigan">1st</a> in Michigan</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">4,606.84/sq mi (1,778.71/km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-urban_area-5">[5]</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">3,776,890 (US: <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_urban_areas" title="List of United States urban areas">12th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban density</th><td class="infobox-data">2,939.6/sq mi (1,135.0/km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-2020Pop-6">[6]</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">4,365,205 (US: <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_statistical_area" title="Metropolitan statistical area">14th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Detroiter</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">GDP<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • MSA</th><td class="infobox-data">$305.412 billion (2022)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%925" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC−5">UTC−5</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_Time_Zone" title="Eastern Time Zone">EST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%924" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC−4">UTC−4</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_Daylight_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Daylight Time">EDT</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ZIP_Code" title="ZIP Code">ZIP Codes</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left; border:none; padding: 0;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>482XX</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; text-align:center;display:none"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">48201–48227, 48242-48244, 48255, 48260, 48264-48269, 48272, 48275, 48240, 48277-48279, 48288</li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Area_code_313" title="Area code 313">313</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Information_Processing_Standards" title="Federal Information Processing Standards">FIPS code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">26-22000</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_Names_Information_System" title="Geographic Names Information System">GNIS</a> feature ID</th><td class="infobox-data">1617959<a href="#cite_note-GNIS-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Major airports</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Detroit_Metropolitan_Airport" title="Detroit Metropolitan Airport">Detroit Metropolitan Airport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coleman_A._Young_International_Airport" title="Coleman A. Young International Airport">Coleman A. Young International Airport</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Mass_transit" class="mw-redirect" title="Mass transit">Mass transit</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Detroit_Department_of_Transportation" title="Detroit Department of Transportation">Detroit Department of Transportation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Detroit_People_Mover" title="Detroit People Mover">Detroit People Mover</a>, <a href="/wiki/QLine" title="QLine">QLine</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://detroitmi.gov">detroitmi.gov</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Detroit (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/dɪˈtrɔɪt/</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/b\/be\/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-Detroit.wav\/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-Detroit.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Detroit.wav"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/be/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-Detroit.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-Detroit.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:LL-Q1860_(eng)-Flame,_not_lame-Detroit.wav" title="File:LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Detroit.wav">ⓘ</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">dih-TROYT</a>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style>locally also <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈdiːtrɔɪt/</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">DEE-troyt</a>)<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Michigan" title="List of municipalities in Michigan">most populous city</a> in the <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">U.S. state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a>. It is the largest U.S. city on the <a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93United_States_border" title="Canada–United States border">Canadian border</a> and the <a href="/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat">county seat</a> of <a href="/wiki/Wayne_County,_Michigan" title="Wayne County, Michigan">Wayne County</a>. Detroit had a population of 639,111 at the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020 census</a>,<a href="#cite_note-QuickFacts-9">[9]</a> making it the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_cities_by_population" title="List of United States cities by population">26th-most populous city</a> in the United States. The <a href="/wiki/Metro_Detroit" title="Metro Detroit">Metro Detroit</a> area, home to 4.3 million people, is the second-largest in the <a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwest</a> after the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_metropolitan_area" title="Chicago metropolitan area">Chicago metropolitan area</a> and the 14th-largest in the United States. A significant cultural center, Detroit is known for its contributions to music, art, architecture and design, in addition to its historical automotive background.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> In 1701, <a href="/wiki/Antoine_de_la_Mothe_Cadillac" title="Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac">Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alphonse_de_Tonty" title="Alphonse de Tonty">Alphonse de Tonty</a> founded <a href="/wiki/Fort_Pontchartrain_du_D%C3%A9troit" title="Fort Pontchartrain du Détroit">Fort Pontchartrain du Détroit</a>. During the late 19th and early 20th century, it became an important industrial hub at the center of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_region" title="Great Lakes region">Great Lakes region</a>. The city's population rose to be the fourth-largest in the nation by 1920, after <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, with the expansion of the <a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry" title="Automotive industry">automotive industry</a> in the early 20th century.<a href="#cite_note-auto-12">[12]</a> One of its main features, the <a href="/wiki/Detroit_River" title="Detroit River">Detroit River</a>, became the busiest commercial hub in the world—carrying over 65 million tons of shipping commerce each year. In the mid-20th century, Detroit entered a state of <a href="/wiki/Urban_decay" title="Urban decay">urban decay</a> which has continued to the present, as a result of industrial restructuring, the loss of jobs in the auto industry, and rapid <a href="/wiki/Suburbanization" title="Suburbanization">suburbanization</a>. Since reaching a peak of 1.85 million at the <a href="/wiki/1950_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="1950 United States Census">1950 census</a>, Detroit's population has declined by more than 65 percent.<a href="#cite_note-QuickFacts-9">[9]</a> In 2013, Detroit <a href="/wiki/Detroit_bankruptcy" title="Detroit bankruptcy">became the largest U.S. city to file for bankruptcy</a>, but successfully exited in December 2014.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> Detroit is a port on the Detroit River, one of the four major <a href="/wiki/Strait" title="Strait">straits</a> that connect the <a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes" title="Great Lakes">Great Lakes</a> system to the <a href="/wiki/St._Lawrence_Seaway" title="St. Lawrence Seaway">St. Lawrence Seaway</a>. The city anchors the third-largest regional economy in the Midwest and the 16th-largest in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> It is also best known as the center of the <a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Automotive industry in the United States">U.S. automotive industry</a>, and the "<a href="/wiki/Big_Three_(automobile_manufacturers)" title="Big Three (automobile manufacturers)">Big Three</a>" auto manufacturers—<a href="/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors">General Motors</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Stellantis" title="Stellantis">Stellantis</a> North America (<a href="/wiki/Chrysler" title="Chrysler">Chrysler</a>)—are all headquartered in Metro Detroit.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> It houses the <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Metropolitan_Airport" title="Detroit Metropolitan Airport">Detroit Metropolitan Airport</a>, one of the most important <a href="/wiki/Airline_hub" title="Airline hub">hub airports</a> in the United States. Detroit and its neighboring Canadian city <a href="/wiki/Windsor,_Ontario" title="Windsor, Ontario">Windsor</a> constitute the <a href="/wiki/Detroit%E2%80%93Windsor" title="Detroit–Windsor">second-busiest international crossing</a> in North America, after <a href="/wiki/San_Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana" title="San Diego–Tijuana">San Diego–Tijuana</a>.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Detroit" title="Culture of Detroit">Detroit's culture</a> is marked with diversity, having both local and international influences. Detroit gave rise to the <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Detroit" title="Music of Detroit">music</a> genres of <a href="/wiki/Motown_(music_style)" class="mw-redirect" title="Motown (music style)">Motown</a> and <a href="/wiki/Techno" title="Techno">techno</a>, and also played an important role in the development of <a href="/wiki/Detroit_jazz" class="mw-redirect" title="Detroit jazz">jazz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Detroit#Hip_hop" title="Music of Detroit">hip-hop</a>, <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Detroit#Rock" title="Music of Detroit">rock</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Detroit#Hardcore_punk" title="Music of Detroit">punk</a>. A globally unique stock of <a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_metropolitan_Detroit" title="Architecture of metropolitan Detroit">architectural monuments</a> and <a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Detroit" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Detroit">historic places</a> was the result of the city's rapid growth in its boom years. Since the 2000s, <a href="/wiki/Conservation-restoration_of_cultural_heritage" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservation-restoration of cultural heritage">conservation</a> efforts have managed to save many architectural pieces and achieve several large-scale <a href="/wiki/Planning_and_development_in_Detroit" title="Planning and development in Detroit">revitalizations</a>, including the restoration of several historic <a href="/wiki/Performing_arts_in_Detroit" title="Performing arts in Detroit">theaters</a> and entertainment venues, <a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Detroit" title="List of tallest buildings in Detroit">high-rise</a> renovations, new sports stadiums, and a riverfront revitalization project. Detroit is an <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_metropolitan_Detroit" title="Tourism in metropolitan Detroit">increasingly popular tourist destination</a> which caters to about 16 million visitors per year.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> In 2015, Detroit was given a name called "<a href="/wiki/Design_Cities_(UNESCO)" title="Design Cities (UNESCO)">City of Design</a>" by <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>, the first and only U.S. city to receive that designation.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Detroit&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Detroit" title="History of Detroit">History of Detroit</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a chronological guide, see <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Detroit" title="Timeline of Detroit">Timeline of Detroit</a>.</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Toponymy">Toponymy</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Detroit&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Toponymy">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Detroit_Skyline_view.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Detroit and adjacent Windsor Canada separated by the Detroit River, as seen from the GM Renaissance tower" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Detroit_Skyline_view.jpg/220px-Detroit_Skyline_view.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Detroit_Skyline_view.jpg/330px-Detroit_Skyline_view.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Detroit_Skyline_view.jpg/440px-Detroit_Skyline_view.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Detroit and adjacent <a href="/wiki/Windsor,_Ontario" title="Windsor, Ontario">Windsor, Ontario</a>, Canada separated by the Detroit River</figcaption></figure> Detroit is named after the <a href="/wiki/Detroit_River" title="Detroit River">Detroit River</a>, connecting <a href="/wiki/Lake_Huron" title="Lake Huron">Lake Huron</a> with <a href="/wiki/Lake_Erie" title="Lake Erie">Lake Erie</a>. The name comes from the <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> word détroit meaning 'strait' as the city was situated on a narrow passage of water linking the two lakes. The river was known as le détroit du Lac Érié in French, which means 'the strait of Lake Erie'.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> In the historical context, the strait included the <a href="/wiki/St._Clair_River" title="St. Clair River">St. Clair River</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lake_St._Clair" title="Lake St. Clair">Lake St. Clair</a>, and the Detroit River.<a href="#cite_note-RivièreduDétroit-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_settlement">Early settlement</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Detroit&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early settlement">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:21em; ; font-size: 90%; color: #202122;background-color: #B0C4DE;"> <div class="quotebox-title" style="color: #202122;background-color: #B0C4DE;">Historical affiliations</div> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg/23px-Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg/35px-Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg/45px-Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">Kingdom of France</a> 1701–1760 <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Kingdom of Great Britain</a> 1760–1796 <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281795-1818%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> 1796–1812 <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> 1812–1813 <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> 1813–present </blockquote> </div> <a href="/wiki/Paleo-Indians" title="Paleo-Indians">Paleo-Indians</a> inhabited areas near Detroit as early as 11,000 years ago including the culture referred to as the <a href="/wiki/Mound_Builders" title="Mound Builders">Mound Builders</a>.<a href="#cite_note-lemke-23">[23]</a> By the 17th century, the region was inhabited by <a href="/wiki/Huron_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Huron people">Huron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Odawa" title="Odawa">Odawa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Potawatomi" title="Potawatomi">Potawatomi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Iroquois" title="Iroquois">Iroquois</a> peoples.<a href="#cite_note-teasdale-24">[24]</a> The area is known by the <a href="/wiki/Anishinaabe" title="Anishinaabe">Anishinaabe</a> people as Waawiiyaataanong, translating to 'where the water curves around'.<a href="#cite_note-:0-25">[25]</a> The first Europeans did not penetrate into the region and reach the straits of Detroit until French <a href="/wiki/Missionary" title="Missionary">missionaries</a> and traders worked their way around the Iroquois League, with whom they were at war in the 1630s.<a href="#cite_note-AmHeritageBk-26">[26]</a> The Huron and <a href="/wiki/Neutral_Confederacy" title="Neutral Confederacy">Neutral people</a> held the north side of Lake Erie until the 1650s, when the Iroquois pushed them and the <a href="/wiki/Erie_people" title="Erie people">Erie people</a> away from the lake and its <a href="/wiki/Beaver" title="Beaver">beaver</a>-rich feeder streams in the <a href="/wiki/Beaver_Wars" title="Beaver Wars">Beaver Wars</a> of 1649–1655.<a href="#cite_note-AmHeritageBk-26">[26]</a> By the 1670s, the war-weakened Iroquois laid claim to as far south as the <a href="/wiki/Ohio_River" title="Ohio River">Ohio River</a> valley in northern <a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a> as hunting grounds,<a href="#cite_note-AmHeritageBk-26">[26]</a> and had absorbed many other Iroquoian peoples after defeating them in war.<a href="#cite_note-AmHeritageBk-26">[26]</a> For the next hundred years, virtually no British or French action was contemplated without consultation with the Iroquois or consideration of their likely response.<a href="#cite_note-AmHeritageBk-26">[26]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="French_settlement">French settlement</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Detroit&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: French settlement">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Fort_Pontchartrain_du_D%C3%A9troit" title="Fort Pontchartrain du Détroit">Fort Pontchartrain du Détroit</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FortShelbyDetroit.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/FortShelbyDetroit.png/170px-FortShelbyDetroit.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/FortShelbyDetroit.png/255px-FortShelbyDetroit.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/FortShelbyDetroit.png/340px-FortShelbyDetroit.png 2x" data-file-width="392" data-file-height="469" /></a><figcaption>Topographical plan of the Town of Detroit and <a href="/wiki/Fort_Lernoult" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Lernoult">Fort Lernoult</a> showing major streets, gardens, fortifications, military complexes, and public buildings (John Jacob Ulrich Rivardi, ca. 1800)</figcaption></figure> On July 24, 1701, the French explorer <a href="/wiki/Antoine_de_la_Mothe_Cadillac" title="Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac">Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac</a>, with his lieutenant <a href="/wiki/Alphonse_de_Tonty" title="Alphonse de Tonty">Alphonse de Tonty</a> and more than a hundred other settlers, began constructing a small fort on the north bank of the Detroit River. Cadillac named the settlement <a href="/wiki/Fort_Pontchartrain_du_D%C3%A9troit" title="Fort Pontchartrain du Détroit">Fort Pontchartrain du Détroit</a>,<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> after <a href="/wiki/Louis_Ph%C3%A9lypeaux,_Marquis_of_Ph%C3%A9lypeaux" title="Louis Phélypeaux, Marquis of Phélypeaux">Louis Phélypeaux, comte de Pontchartrain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_of_the_Navy_(France)" title="Secretary of State of the Navy (France)">Secretary of State of the Navy</a> under <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV" title="Louis XIV">Louis XIV</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Riley-28">[28]</a> Sainte-Anne-de-Détroit was founded on July 26 and is the second-oldest continuously operating <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> parish in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> France offered free land to colonists to attract families to Detroit; when it reached a population of 800 in 1765, it became the largest European settlement between <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans</a>, both also French settlements, in the former colonies of <a href="/wiki/New_France" title="New France">New France</a> and <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_(New_France)" title="Louisiana (New France)">La Louisiane</a>, respectively.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="British_rule">British rule</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Detroit&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: British rule">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Fort_Shelby_(Michigan)" title="Fort Shelby (Michigan)">Fort Shelby (Michigan)</a></div> During the <a href="/wiki/French_and_Indian_War" title="French and Indian War">French and Indian War</a> (1754–63)—the North American front of the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Years%27_War" title="Seven Years' War">Seven Years' War</a> between the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Kingdom of Great Britain</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">Kingdom of France</a>—British troops gained control of the settlement in 1760 and shortened its name to Detroit. Several regional Native American tribes, such as the <a href="/wiki/Potawatomi" title="Potawatomi">Potowatomi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ojibwe" title="Ojibwe">Ojibwe</a> and Huron, launched <a href="/wiki/Pontiac%27s_War" title="Pontiac's War">Pontiac's War</a> in 1763 and <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Fort_Detroit" title="Siege of Fort Detroit">laid siege</a> to <a href="/wiki/Fort_Detroit" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Detroit">Fort Detroit</a> but failed to capture it. In defeat, France ceded its territory in North America east of the Mississippi to Britain following the war.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> When Great Britain evicted France from <a href="/wiki/Canada_(New_France)" title="Canada (New France)">Canada</a>, it also removed one barrier to American colonists migrating west.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> British negotiations with the Iroquois would both prove critical and lead to the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Proclamation_of_1763" title="Royal Proclamation of 1763">Royal Proclamation of 1763</a>, which limited settlements below the Great Lakes and west of the <a href="/wiki/Alleghenies" class="mw-redirect" title="Alleghenies">Alleghenies</a>. Many colonists and pioneers in the <a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">Thirteen Colonies</a> resented and then defied this restraint, later becoming supporters of the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a>. By 1773, after the addition of the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Americans" title="Anglo-Americans">Anglo-American</a> settlers, the population of Detroit was 1,400. During the American Revolutionary War, the indigenous and loyalist raids of 1778 and the resultant 1779 decisive <a href="/wiki/Sullivan_Expedition" title="Sullivan Expedition">Sullivan Expedition</a> reopened the <a href="/wiki/Ohio_Country" title="Ohio Country">Ohio Country</a> to even more westward emigration, which began almost immediately. By 1778, its population reached 2,144 and it was the third-largest city in what was known as the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Quebec_(1763%E2%80%9391)" class="mw-redirect" title="Province of Quebec (1763–91)">Province of Quebec</a> since the British takeover of former French colonial possessions.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> After the American Revolutionary War and the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> as an independent country, Britain ceded Detroit and other territories in the region under the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1783)" title="Treaty of Paris (1783)">1783 Treaty of Paris</a>, which established the southern border with its remaining colonial provinces in <a href="/wiki/British_North_America" title="British North America">British North America</a>, later <a href="/wiki/Upper_Canada" title="Upper Canada">Upper Canada</a>. However, the area remained under British control, and its forces did not withdraw until 1796, following the <a href="/wiki/Jay_Treaty" title="Jay Treaty">1794 Jay Treaty</a>.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> By the turn of the 19th century, white American settlers began pouring westwards.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> The region's then colonial economy was based on the lucrative <a href="/wiki/North_American_fur_trade" title="North American fur trade">fur trade</a>, in which numerous Native American people had important roles as trappers and traders. Today the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Detroit" title="Flag of Detroit">flag of Detroit</a> reflects its both its French and English colonial heritage. Descendants of the earliest French and <a href="/wiki/French_Canadian" class="mw-redirect" title="French Canadian">French-Canadian</a> settlers formed a cohesive community, who gradually were superseded as the dominant population after more Anglo-American settlers arrived in the early 19th century with American westward migration. Living along the shores of Lake St. Clair and south to <a href="/wiki/Monroe,_Michigan" title="Monroe, Michigan">Monroe</a> and downriver suburbs, the ethnic French Canadians of Detroit, also known as <a href="/wiki/Muskrat_French" title="Muskrat French">Muskrat French</a> in reference to the fur trade, remain a subculture in the region in the 21st century.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="19th_century">19th century</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Detroit&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 19th century">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Woodward_av_Detroit_MI_Barber_1865p361.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Woodward_av_Detroit_MI_Barber_1865p361.jpg/220px-Woodward_av_Detroit_MI_Barber_1865p361.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Woodward_av_Detroit_MI_Barber_1865p361.jpg/330px-Woodward_av_Detroit_MI_Barber_1865p361.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Woodward_av_Detroit_MI_Barber_1865p361.jpg/440px-Woodward_av_Detroit_MI_Barber_1865p361.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1655" data-file-height="947" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:The_City_of_Detroit_(from_Canada_Shore).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/The_City_of_Detroit_%28from_Canada_Shore%29.jpg/220px-The_City_of_Detroit_%28from_Canada_Shore%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/The_City_of_Detroit_%28from_Canada_Shore%29.jpg/330px-The_City_of_Detroit_%28from_Canada_Shore%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/The_City_of_Detroit_%28from_Canada_Shore%29.jpg/440px-The_City_of_Detroit_%28from_Canada_Shore%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="573" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:The_street_railway_review_(1891)_(14572207538).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/The_street_railway_review_%281891%29_%2814572207538%29.jpg/220px-The_street_railway_review_%281891%29_%2814572207538%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/The_street_railway_review_%281891%29_%2814572207538%29.jpg/330px-The_street_railway_review_%281891%29_%2814572207538%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/The_street_railway_review_%281891%29_%2814572207538%29.jpg/440px-The_street_railway_review_%281891%29_%2814572207538%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2064" data-file-height="1146" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">From top: <a href="/wiki/Lower_Woodward_Avenue_Historic_District" title="Lower Woodward Avenue Historic District">Woodward Avenue shopping district</a> in 1865; The City of Detroit (from Canada Shore), 1872, by A. C. Warren; the <a href="/wiki/Belle_Isle_Park" title="Belle Isle Park">Belle Isle Park</a> in 1891</div></div></div></div> The <a href="/wiki/Great_Fire_of_1805" title="Great Fire of 1805">Great Fire of 1805</a> destroyed most of the Detroit settlement, which had primarily buildings made of wood. One stone fort, a river warehouse, and brick chimneys of former wooden homes were the sole structures to survive.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> Of the 600 Detroit residents in this area, none died in the fire.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> The legacy of the fire of 1805 lives on in many aspects of modern Detroit heritage. The cities motto, "Speramus Meliora; Resurget Cineribus" was coined by <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Richard" title="Gabriel Richard">Father Gabriel Richard</a> as he looked out at the ruins of the city in the fire's aftermath.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> The city seal, designed by J.O. Lewis in 1827, directly depicts the Great Fire of 1805. Two women stand in the foreground while on the left, the city burns in the background and a woman weeps over the destruction. The woman on the right consoles her by gesturing to a new city that will rise in its place.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> The city seal also forms the center of the flag of the city. From 1805 to 1847, Detroit was the capital of Michigan <a href="/wiki/Michigan_Territory" title="Michigan Territory">as a territory</a> and as a state. <a href="/wiki/William_Hull" title="William Hull">William Hull</a>, the United States commander at Detroit, surrendered without a fight to British troops and their Native American allies during the <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Detroit" title="Siege of Detroit">siege of Detroit</a>, believing his forces were vastly outnumbered. The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Frenchtown" title="Battle of Frenchtown">Battle of Frenchtown</a> was part of a U.S. effort to retake the city, and U.S. troops suffered their highest fatalities of any battle in the war. This battle is commemorated at <a href="/wiki/River_Raisin_National_Battlefield_Park" title="River Raisin National Battlefield Park">River Raisin National Battlefield Park</a> south of Detroit in <a href="/wiki/Monroe_County,_Michigan" title="Monroe County, Michigan">Monroe County</a>. Detroit was recaptured by the United States later that year.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> The settlement was incorporated as a city in 1815.<a href="#cite_note-Woodford-44">[44]</a> As the city expanded, a radial geometric street plan developed by Chief Justice <a href="/wiki/Augustus_B._Woodward" title="Augustus B. Woodward">Augustus B. Woodward</a> was followed, featuring grand boulevards as in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> In 1817, Woodward went on to establish the <a href="/wiki/Catholepistemiad" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholepistemiad">Catholepistemiad</a>, or University of Michigania in the city. Intended to be a centralized system of schools, libraries, and other cultural and scientific institutions for the Michigan Territory, the Catholepistemiad evolved into the modern University of Michigan. Prior to the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>, the city's access to the Canada–US border made it a key stop for <a href="/wiki/Fugitive_slaves_in_the_United_States" title="Fugitive slaves in the United States">refugee slaves</a> gaining freedom in the North along the <a href="/wiki/Underground_Railroad" title="Underground Railroad">Underground Railroad</a>. Many went across the Detroit River to Canada to escape pursuit by slave catchers.<a href="#cite_note-Chadwick-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-Woodford-44">[44]</a> An estimated 20,000 to 30,000 African-American refugees settled in Canada.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> <a href="/wiki/George_DeBaptiste" title="George DeBaptiste">George DeBaptiste</a> was considered to be the "president" of the Detroit Underground Railroad, <a href="/wiki/William_Lambert_(abolitionist)" title="William Lambert (abolitionist)">William Lambert</a> the "vice president" or "secretary", and <a href="/wiki/Laura_Smith_Haviland" title="Laura Smith Haviland">Laura Smith Haviland</a> the "superintendent".<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> Numerous men from Detroit volunteered to fight for the <a href="/wiki/Union_(American_Civil_War)" title="Union (American Civil War)">Union</a> during the Civil War, including the <a href="/wiki/24th_Michigan_Infantry_Regiment" title="24th Michigan Infantry Regiment">24th Michigan Infantry Regiment</a>. It was part of the <a href="/wiki/Iron_Brigade" title="Iron Brigade">Iron Brigade</a>, which fought with distinction and suffered 82% casualties at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gettysburg" title="Battle of Gettysburg">Battle of Gettysburg</a> in 1863. When the First Volunteer Infantry Regiment arrived to fortify <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, President <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a> is quoted as saying, "Thank God for Michigan!" <a href="/wiki/George_Armstrong_Custer" title="George Armstrong Custer">George Armstrong Custer</a> led the <a href="/wiki/Michigan_Brigade" title="Michigan Brigade">Michigan Brigade</a> during the Civil War and called them the "Wolverines".<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> The city's tensions over race, and nationally, the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_draft_riots" title="New York City draft riots">draft</a> led to the <a href="/wiki/Detroit_race_riot_of_1863" title="Detroit race riot of 1863">Detroit race riot of 1863</a>, in which violence erupted, leaving some dead and over 200 Black residents homeless. This prompted the establishment of a full-time <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Police_Department#History" title="Detroit Police Department">police force</a> in 1865. During the late 19th century, wealthy industry and shipping magnates commissioned the design and construction of several <a href="/wiki/Gilded_Age" title="Gilded Age">Gilded Age</a> mansions east and west of the current downtown, along the major avenues of the Woodward plan. Most notable among them was the <a href="/wiki/David_Whitney_House" title="David Whitney House">David Whitney House</a> at 4421 <a href="/wiki/Woodward_Avenue" class="mw-redirect" title="Woodward Avenue">Woodward Avenue</a>, and the grand avenue became a favored address for mansions. During this period, some referred to Detroit as the "Paris of the West" for its architecture, grand avenues in the Paris style, and for Washington Boulevard, recently electrified by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Edison" title="Thomas Edison">Thomas Edison</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Woodford-44">[44]</a> The city had grown steadily from the 1830s with the rise of shipping, shipbuilding, and manufacturing industries. Strategically located along the Great Lakes waterway, Detroit emerged as a major <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Detroit" title="Port of Detroit">port</a> and transportation hub. [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In 1896, a thriving carriage trade prompted <a href="/wiki/Henry_Ford" title="Henry Ford">Henry Ford</a> to build his first automobile in a rented workshop on Mack Avenue. During this growth period, Detroit expanded its borders by annexing all or part of several surrounding villages and townships.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century">20th century</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Detroit&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 20th century">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Detroit_1902.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Detroit_1902.jpg/220px-Detroit_1902.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Detroit_1902.jpg/330px-Detroit_1902.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Detroit_1902.jpg/440px-Detroit_1902.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4676" data-file-height="3776" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Campus_Martius,_Detroit,_MI.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Campus_Martius%2C_Detroit%2C_MI.jpg/220px-Campus_Martius%2C_Detroit%2C_MI.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Campus_Martius%2C_Detroit%2C_MI.jpg/330px-Campus_Martius%2C_Detroit%2C_MI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Campus_Martius%2C_Detroit%2C_MI.jpg/440px-Campus_Martius%2C_Detroit%2C_MI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4536" data-file-height="3264" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Michigan_%26_Griswold_circa_1920.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Michigan_%26_Griswold_circa_1920.jpg/220px-Michigan_%26_Griswold_circa_1920.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Michigan_%26_Griswold_circa_1920.jpg/330px-Michigan_%26_Griswold_circa_1920.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Michigan_%26_Griswold_circa_1920.jpg/440px-Michigan_%26_Griswold_circa_1920.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3969" data-file-height="2745" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">From top: <a href="/wiki/Cadillac_Square" class="mw-redirect" title="Cadillac Square">Cadillac Square</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wayne_County_Building" title="Wayne County Building">Wayne County Building</a> (1902); <a href="/wiki/Campus_Martius_Park" title="Campus Martius Park">Cadillac Square</a> (1910s); corner of <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_12_in_Michigan" title="U.S. Route 12 in Michigan">Michigan Avenue</a> and <a href="/wiki/Griswold_Street" title="Griswold Street">Griswold Street</a> (circa 1920)</div></div></div></div> In 1903, Henry Ford founded the <a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford Motor Company</a>. Ford's manufacturing—and those of automotive pioneers <a href="/wiki/William_C._Durant" title="William C. Durant">William C. Durant</a>, <a href="/wiki/Horace_Elgin_Dodge" title="Horace Elgin Dodge">Horace</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Francis_Dodge" title="John Francis Dodge">John</a> Dodge, <a href="/wiki/James_Ward_Packard" title="James Ward Packard">James</a> and <a href="/wiki/William_Doud_Packard" title="William Doud Packard">William</a> Packard, and <a href="/wiki/Walter_Chrysler" title="Walter Chrysler">Walter Chrysler</a>—established the <a href="/wiki/Big_Three_(automobile_manufacturers)" title="Big Three (automobile manufacturers)">Big Three</a> automakers and cemented Detroit's status in the early 20th century as the world's automotive capital.<a href="#cite_note-Woodford-44">[44]</a> The growth of the <a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Automotive industry in the United States">auto industry</a> was reflected by changes in businesses throughout the Midwest and nation, with the development of garages to service vehicles and gas stations, as well as factories for parts and tires.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Because of the booming auto industry, Detroit became the fourth-largest city in the nation by 1920, following <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> In 1907, the Detroit River carried 67,292,504 tons of shipping commerce through Detroit to locations all over the world. For comparison, <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> shipped 18,727,230 tons, and <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a> shipped 20,390,953 tons. The river was dubbed "the Greatest Commercial Artery on Earth" by <a href="/wiki/The_Detroit_News" title="The Detroit News">The Detroit News</a> in 1908. The <a href="/wiki/Prohibition_in_the_United_States" title="Prohibition in the United States">prohibition of alcohol</a> from 1920 to 1933 resulted in the Detroit River becoming a major conduit for smuggling of illegal Canadian spirits.<a href="#cite_note-auto-12">[12]</a> With the rapid growth of industrial workers in the auto factories, <a href="/wiki/Labor_unions" class="mw-redirect" title="Labor unions">labor unions</a> such as the <a href="/wiki/American_Federation_of_Labor" title="American Federation of Labor">American Federation of Labor</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_Auto_Workers" title="United Auto Workers">United Auto Workers</a> (UAW) fought to organize workers to gain them better working conditions and wages. They initiated <a href="/wiki/Strike_action" title="Strike action">strikes</a> and other tactics in support of improvements such as <a href="/wiki/Eight-hour_day" class="mw-redirect" title="Eight-hour day">the 8-hour day/40-hour work week</a>, increased wages, greater benefits, and improved <a href="/wiki/Occupational_safety_and_health" title="Occupational safety and health">working conditions</a>. The labor activism during those years increased the influence of union leaders in the city such as <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Hoffa" title="Jimmy Hoffa">Jimmy Hoffa</a> of the <a href="/wiki/International_Brotherhood_of_Teamsters" title="International Brotherhood of Teamsters">Teamsters</a> and <a href="/wiki/Walter_Reuther" title="Walter Reuther">Walter Reuther</a> of the UAW.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> Detroit, like many places in the United States, developed racial conflict and discrimination in the 20th century following the rapid demographic changes as hundreds of thousands of new workers were attracted to the industrial city. The <a href="/wiki/Great_Migration_(African_American)" title="Great Migration (African American)">Great Migration</a> brought rural blacks from the South; they were outnumbered by southern whites who also migrated to the city. Immigration brought southern and eastern Europeans of Catholic and Jewish faith; these new groups competed with native-born whites for jobs and housing in the booming city.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Detroit was one of the major Midwest cities that was a site for the dramatic urban revival of the <a href="/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klan" title="Ku Klux Klan">Ku Klux Klan</a> (KKK) beginning in 1915. "By the 1920s the city had become a stronghold of the KKK", whose members primarily opposed Catholic and Jewish immigrants but also practiced discrimination against Black Americans.<a href="#cite_note-43riots-53">[53]</a> Even after the decline of the KKK in the late 1920s, the <a href="/wiki/Black_Legion_(political_movement)" title="Black Legion (political movement)">Black Legion</a>, a secret vigilante group, was active in the Detroit area in the 1930s. One-third of its estimated 20,000 to 30,000 members in Michigan were based in the city. It was defeated after numerous prosecutions following the kidnapping and murder in 1936 of Charles Poole, a Catholic organizer with the federal <a href="/wiki/Works_Progress_Administration" title="Works Progress Administration">Works Progress Administration</a>. Some 49 men of the Black Legion were convicted of numerous crimes, with many sentenced to life in prison for murder.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> By 1940, 80% of Detroit deeds contained <a href="/wiki/Restrictive_covenants" class="mw-redirect" title="Restrictive covenants">restrictive covenants</a> prohibiting African Americans from buying houses they could afford. These discriminatory tactics were successful as a majority of black people in Detroit resorted to living in all-black neighborhoods such as <a href="/wiki/Black_Bottom,_Detroit" title="Black Bottom, Detroit">Black Bottom</a> and Paradise Valley. At this time, white people still made up about 90.4% of the city's population.<a href="#cite_note-census1-55">[55]</a> White residents attacked black homes: breaking windows, starting fires, and detonating bombs.<a href="#cite_note-NYT26Mar11-56">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-DetroitDivided-57">[57]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="World_War_II">World War II</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Detroit&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: World War II">edit</a>]</div> In the 1940s the world's "first urban depressed freeway" ever built, <a href="/wiki/M-8_(Michigan_highway)" title="M-8 (Michigan highway)">the Davison</a>,<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> was constructed. During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, the government encouraged retooling of the <a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Automotive industry in the United States">American automobile industry</a> in support of the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allied powers</a>, leading to Detroit's key role in the American <a href="/wiki/Arsenal_of_Democracy" title="Arsenal of Democracy">Arsenal of Democracy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Willowrun-59">[59]</a> Jobs expanded so rapidly due to the defense buildup in World War II that 400,000 people migrated to the city from 1941 to 1943, including 50,000 blacks in the second wave of the Great Migration, and 350,000 whites, many of them from the South. Whites, including ethnic Europeans, feared black competition for jobs and scarce housing. The federal government prohibited discrimination in defense work, but when in June 1943 Packard promoted three black people to work next to whites on its assembly lines, 25,000 white workers walked off the job.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> The <a href="/wiki/1943_Detroit_race_riot" title="1943 Detroit race riot">1943 Detroit race riot</a> took place in June, three weeks after the <a href="/wiki/Packard_Automotive_Plant" title="Packard Automotive Plant">Packard plant</a> protest, beginning with an altercation at <a href="/wiki/Belle_Isle_Park" title="Belle Isle Park">Belle Isle</a>. A total of 34 people were killed, 25 of them black and most at the hands of the white police force, while 433 were wounded (75% of them black), and property valued at $2 million (worth $30.4 million in 2020) was destroyed. Rioters moved through the city, and young whites traveled across town to attack more settled blacks in their neighborhood of <a href="/wiki/Black_Bottom,_Detroit" title="Black Bottom, Detroit">Paradise Valley</a>.<a href="#cite_note-capeci-61">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:908px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><a href="/wiki/File:Detroit,_Michigan,_skyline_ca._1929.png" class="mw-file-description" title="The skyline of Detroit, 1929"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Detroit%2C_Michigan%2C_skyline_ca._1929.png/900px-Detroit%2C_Michigan%2C_skyline_ca._1929.png" decoding="async" width="900" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Detroit%2C_Michigan%2C_skyline_ca._1929.png/1350px-Detroit%2C_Michigan%2C_skyline_ca._1929.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Detroit%2C_Michigan%2C_skyline_ca._1929.png 2x" data-file-width="1574" data-file-height="360" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:center"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Detroit,_Michigan,_skyline_ca._1929.png" title="File:Detroit, Michigan, skyline ca. 1929.png"> </a></div>The skyline of Detroit, 1929</div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Postwar_era">Postwar era</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Detroit&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Postwar era">edit</a>]</div> Industrial mergers in the 1950s, especially in the automobile sector, increased <a href="/wiki/Oligopoly" title="Oligopoly">oligopoly</a> in the American auto industry. Detroit manufacturers such as Packard and <a href="/wiki/Hudson_Motor_Car_Company" title="Hudson Motor Car Company">Hudson</a> merged into other companies and eventually disappeared. At its peak population of 1,849,568, in the <a href="/wiki/1950_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="1950 United States Census">1950 Census</a>, the city was the fifth-largest in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Canada_-_Windsor_-_NARA_-_68154682_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Canada_-_Windsor_-_NARA_-_68154682_cropped.jpg/220px-Canada_-_Windsor_-_NARA_-_68154682_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Canada_-_Windsor_-_NARA_-_68154682_cropped.jpg/330px-Canada_-_Windsor_-_NARA_-_68154682_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Canada_-_Windsor_-_NARA_-_68154682_cropped.jpg/440px-Canada_-_Windsor_-_NARA_-_68154682_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3840" data-file-height="2160" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Detroit_Skyline_1942d.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Detroit_Skyline_1942d.jpg/220px-Detroit_Skyline_1942d.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Detroit_Skyline_1942d.jpg/330px-Detroit_Skyline_1942d.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Detroit_Skyline_1942d.jpg/440px-Detroit_Skyline_1942d.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8152" data-file-height="4560" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">From top: Aerial photo of Detroit (1932); Detroit at its population peak in the mid-20th century. Looking south down <a href="/wiki/Woodward_Avenue" class="mw-redirect" title="Woodward Avenue">Woodward Avenue</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Maccabees_Building" title="Maccabees Building">Maccabees Building</a> with the city's skyline in the distance.</div></div></div></div> In this postwar era, the auto industry continued to create opportunities for many African Americans from the South, who continued with their Great Migration to Detroit and other northern and western cities to escape the strict <a href="/wiki/Jim_Crow_laws" title="Jim Crow laws">Jim Crow laws</a> and racial discrimination policies of the South. Postwar Detroit was a prosperous industrial center of mass production. The auto industry comprised about 60% of all industry in the city, allowing space for a plethora of separate booming businesses including stove making, brewing, furniture building, oil refineries, pharmaceutical manufacturing, and more. The expansion of jobs created unique opportunities for black Americans, who saw novel high employment rates: there was a 103% increase in the number of blacks employed in postwar Detroit. Black Americans who immigrated to northern industrial cities from the south still faced intense racial discrimination in the employment sector. Racial discrimination kept the workforce and better jobs predominantly white, while many black Detroiters held lower-paying factory jobs. Despite changes in demographics as the city's black population expanded, Detroit's police force, fire department, and other city jobs continued to be held by predominantly white residents. This created an unbalanced racial power dynamic.<a href="#cite_note-tjs1-64">[64]</a> Unequal opportunities in employment resulted in unequal housing opportunities for the majority of the black community: with overall lower incomes and facing the backlash of discriminatory housing policies, the black community was limited to lower cost, lower quality housing in the city. The surge in the black population augmented the strain on housing scarcity. The livable areas available to the black community were limited, and as a result, families often crowded together in unsanitary, unsafe, and illegal quarters. Such discrimination became increasingly evident in the policies of <a href="/wiki/Redlining" title="Redlining">redlining</a> implemented by banks and federal housing groups, which almost completely restricted the ability of blacks to improve their housing and encouraged white people to guard the racial divide that defined their neighborhoods. As a result, black people were often denied bank loans to obtain better housing, and interest rates and rents were unfairly inflated to prevent their moving into white neighborhoods. White residents and political leaders largely opposed the influx of black Detroiters to white neighborhoods, believing that their presence would lead to neighborhood deterioration. This perpetuated a cyclical exclusionary process that marginalized the agency of black Detroiters by trapping them in the unhealthiest, least safe areas of the city.<a href="#cite_note-tjs1-64">[64]</a> <a href="/wiki/Largest_cities_in_the_United_States_by_population_by_decade#1950" class="mw-redirect" title="Largest cities in the United States by population by decade">As in other major American cities</a> in the postwar era, <a href="/wiki/Modernist" class="mw-redirect" title="Modernist">modernist</a> planning ideology drove the construction of a federally subsidized, extensive highway and freeway system around Detroit, and pent-up demand for new housing stimulated <a href="/wiki/Suburbanization#United_States" title="Suburbanization">suburbanization</a>; highways made commuting by car for higher-income residents easier. However, this construction had negative implications for many lower-income urban residents. Highways were constructed through and completely demolished neighborhoods of poor residents and black communities who had less political power to oppose them. The neighborhoods were mostly low income, considered blighted, or made up of older housing where investment had been lacking due to racial redlining, so the highways were presented as a kind of urban renewal. These neighborhoods (such as Black Bottom and Paradise Valley) were extremely important to the black communities of Detroit, providing spaces for independent black businesses and social/cultural organizations. Their destruction displaced residents with little consideration of the effects of breaking up functioning neighborhoods and businesses.<a href="#cite_note-tjs1-64">[64]</a> In 1956, Detroit's last heavily used <a href="/wiki/Streetcar" class="mw-redirect" title="Streetcar">electric streetcar line</a>, which traveled along the length of Woodward Avenue, was removed and replaced with gas-powered buses. It was the last line of what had once been a 534-mile network of electric streetcars. In 1941, at peak times, a streetcar ran on Woodward Avenue every 60 seconds.<a href="#cite_note-Peter_Gavrilovich_2000_p.232-65">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> All of these changes in the area's transportation system favored low-density, auto-oriented development rather than high-density urban development. Industry also moved to the suburbs, seeking large plots of land for single-story factories. By the 21st century, the metro Detroit area had developed as one of the most <a href="/wiki/Urban_sprawl" title="Urban sprawl">sprawling</a> job markets in the United States; combined with poor public transport, this resulted in many new jobs being beyond the reach of urban low-income workers.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Detroitwoodward%26atwater1953.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Detroitwoodward%26atwater1953.jpg/220px-Detroitwoodward%26atwater1953.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Detroitwoodward%26atwater1953.jpg/330px-Detroitwoodward%26atwater1953.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Detroitwoodward%26atwater1953.jpg/440px-Detroitwoodward%26atwater1953.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="459" /></a><figcaption>An electric <a href="/wiki/PCC_streetcar" title="PCC streetcar">PCC streetcar</a> in Detroit, 1953</figcaption></figure> In 1950, the city held about one-third of the state's population. Over the next 60 years, the city's population declined to less than 10 percent of the state's population. During the same time period, the sprawling metropolitan area grew to contain more than half of Michigan's population.<a href="#cite_note-Woodford-44">[44]</a> The shift of population and jobs eroded Detroit's tax base.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In June 1963, Rev. <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a> gave a <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Walk_to_Freedom" title="Detroit Walk to Freedom">major speech</a> as part of a civil rights march in Detroit that foreshadowed his "<a href="/wiki/I_Have_a_Dream" title="I Have a Dream">I Have a Dream</a>" speech in Washington, D.C., two months later. While the <a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">civil rights movement</a> gained significant federal civil rights laws in 1964 and 1965, longstanding inequities resulted in confrontations between the police and inner-city black youth who wanted change.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote centered" style=";"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> I have a dream this afternoon that my four little children, that my four little children will not come up in the same young days that I came up within, but they will be judged on the basis of the content of their character, not the color of their skin ... I have a dream this evening that one day we will recognize the words of Jefferson that "all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness." I have a dream ... </blockquote> <cite class="right-aligned" style="">—Martin Luther King Jr. (June 1963 Speech at the <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Walk_to_Freedom" title="Detroit Walk to Freedom">Great March on Detroit</a>)<a href="#cite_note-Detroit_Speech-69">[69]</a></cite> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sekai-1967-October-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Sekai-1967-October-1.jpg/220px-Sekai-1967-October-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Sekai-1967-October-1.jpg/330px-Sekai-1967-October-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Sekai-1967-October-1.jpg/440px-Sekai-1967-October-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2939" data-file-height="2116" /></a><figcaption>The deadly <a href="/wiki/1967_Detroit_riot" title="1967 Detroit riot">1967 Detroit riot</a> resulted in massive demographic shifts via <a href="/wiki/White_flight" title="White flight">white flight</a>.</figcaption></figure> Longstanding tensions in Detroit culminated in the <a href="/wiki/1967_Detroit_riot" title="1967 Detroit riot">Twelfth Street riot</a> in July 1967. Governor <a href="/wiki/George_W._Romney" title="George W. Romney">George W. Romney</a> ordered the <a href="/wiki/Michigan_National_Guard" title="Michigan National Guard">Michigan National Guard</a> into Detroit, and President <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a> sent in U.S. Army troops. The result was 43 dead, 467 injured, over 7,200 arrests, and more than 2,000 buildings destroyed, mostly in black residential and business areas. Thousands of small businesses closed permanently or relocated to safer neighborhoods. The affected district lay in ruins for decades.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> According to the Chicago Tribune, it was the 3rd most costly riot in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> On August 18, 1970, the <a href="/wiki/NAACP" title="NAACP">NAACP</a> filed suit against Michigan state officials, including Governor <a href="/wiki/William_Milliken" title="William Milliken">William Milliken</a>, charging de facto public school segregation. The NAACP argued that although schools were not legally segregated, the city of Detroit and its surrounding counties had enacted policies to maintain <a href="/wiki/Racial_segregation_in_the_United_States#Education" title="Racial segregation in the United States">racial segregation</a> in public schools. The NAACP also suggested a direct relationship between unfair housing practices and educational segregation, as the composition of students in the schools followed segregated neighborhoods.<a href="#cite_note-Meinke2011-72">[72]</a> The District Court held all levels of government accountable for the segregation in its ruling. The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Sixth_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit">Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals</a> affirmed some of the decision, holding that it was the state's responsibility to <a href="/wiki/Racial_integration" title="Racial integration">integrate</a> across the segregated metropolitan area.<a href="#cite_note-Sedler87-73">[73]</a> The U.S. Supreme Court took up the case February 27, 1974.<a href="#cite_note-Meinke2011-72">[72]</a> The subsequent <a href="/wiki/Milliken_v._Bradley" title="Milliken v. Bradley">Milliken v. Bradley decision</a> had nationwide influence. In a narrow decision, the Supreme Court found schools were a subject of local control, and suburbs could not be forced to aid with the desegregation of the city's school district.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> "Milliken was perhaps the greatest missed opportunity of that period", said <a href="/wiki/Myron_Orfield" title="Myron Orfield">Myron Orfield</a>, professor of law at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Minnesota_Law_School" title="University of Minnesota Law School">University of Minnesota Law School</a>. "Had that gone the other way, it would have opened the door to fixing nearly all of Detroit's current problems."<a href="#cite_note-remapp-75">[75]</a> John Mogk, a professor of law and an expert in urban planning at <a href="/wiki/Wayne_State_University_Law_School" title="Wayne State University Law School">Wayne State University Law School</a> in Detroit, says, <blockquote>Everybody thinks that it was the riots [in 1967] that caused the white families to leave. Some people were leaving at that time but, really, it was after Milliken that you saw mass flight to the suburbs. If the case had gone the other way, it is likely that Detroit would not have experienced the steep decline in its tax base that has occurred since then.<a href="#cite_note-remapp-75">[75]</a></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1970s_and_decline">1970s and decline</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Detroit&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: 1970s and decline">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Detroit#Decline_of_Detroit" title="History of Detroit">History of Detroit § Decline of Detroit</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:288px;max-width:288px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:132px;max-width:132px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:32-42_Monroe_Avenue,_Detroit_1915.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/32-42_Monroe_Avenue%2C_Detroit_1915.jpg/130px-32-42_Monroe_Avenue%2C_Detroit_1915.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/32-42_Monroe_Avenue%2C_Detroit_1915.jpg/195px-32-42_Monroe_Avenue%2C_Detroit_1915.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/32-42_Monroe_Avenue%2C_Detroit_1915.jpg/260px-32-42_Monroe_Avenue%2C_Detroit_1915.jpg 2x" data-file-width="713" data-file-height="895" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:32-42_Monroe_Avenue,_Detroit_1989.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/32-42_Monroe_Avenue%2C_Detroit_1989.jpg/150px-32-42_Monroe_Avenue%2C_Detroit_1989.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/32-42_Monroe_Avenue%2C_Detroit_1989.jpg/225px-32-42_Monroe_Avenue%2C_Detroit_1989.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/32-42_Monroe_Avenue%2C_Detroit_1989.jpg/300px-32-42_Monroe_Avenue%2C_Detroit_1989.jpg 2x" data-file-width="708" data-file-height="781" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">First Williams Block in 1915 (left) and 1989 (right)</div></div></div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Abandoned_Packard_Automobile_Factory_Detroit_200.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Abandoned_Packard_Automobile_Factory_Detroit_200.jpg/220px-Abandoned_Packard_Automobile_Factory_Detroit_200.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Abandoned_Packard_Automobile_Factory_Detroit_200.jpg/330px-Abandoned_Packard_Automobile_Factory_Detroit_200.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Abandoned_Packard_Automobile_Factory_Detroit_200.jpg/440px-Abandoned_Packard_Automobile_Factory_Detroit_200.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5250" data-file-height="3633" /></a><figcaption>The former <a href="/wiki/Packard_Automotive_Plant" title="Packard Automotive Plant">Packard Automotive Plant</a>, closed since 1958</figcaption></figure> In November 1973, the city elected <a href="/wiki/Coleman_Young" title="Coleman Young">Coleman Young</a> as its first black mayor. After taking office, Young emphasized increasing racial diversity in the police department, which was predominantly white.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> Young also worked to improve Detroit's transportation system, but the tension between Young and his suburban counterparts over regional matters was problematic throughout his mayoral term. In 1976, the federal government offered $600 million (~$2.5 billion in 2023) for building a regional <a href="/wiki/Rapid_transit" title="Rapid transit">rapid transit</a> system, under a single regional authority.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> But the inability of Detroit and its suburban neighbors to solve conflicts over transit planning resulted in the region losing the majority of funding for rapid transit.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The city then moved forward with construction of the elevated downtown circulator portion of the system, which became known as the <a href="/wiki/Detroit_People_Mover" title="Detroit People Mover">Detroit People Mover</a>.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> The gasoline crises of <a href="/wiki/1973_oil_crisis" title="1973 oil crisis">1973</a> and <a href="/wiki/1979_oil_crisis" title="1979 oil crisis">1979</a> affected auto industry. Buyers chose smaller, more fuel-efficient cars made by foreign makers as the price of gas rose. Efforts to revive the city were stymied by the struggles of the auto industry, as their sales and market share declined. Automakers laid off thousands of employees and closed plants in the city, further eroding the tax base. To counteract this, the city used <a href="/wiki/Eminent_domain" title="Eminent domain">eminent domain</a> to build two large new auto assembly plants in the city.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> Young sought to revive the city by seeking to increase investment in the city's declining downtown. The <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_Center" title="Renaissance Center">Renaissance Center</a>, a mixed-use office and retail complex, opened in 1977. This group of skyscrapers was an attempt to keep businesses in downtown.<a href="#cite_note-Woodford-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-partnership-80">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bailey-81">[81]</a> Young also gave city support to other large developments to attract middle and upper-class residents back to the city. Despite the Renaissance Center and other projects, the downtown area continued to lose businesses to the <a href="/wiki/Car_dependency" title="Car dependency">automobile-dependent</a> suburbs. Major stores and hotels closed, and many large office buildings went vacant. Young was criticized for being too focused on downtown development and not doing enough to lower the city's high crime rate and improve city services to residents.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] High unemployment was compounded by <a href="/wiki/Middle-class_flight" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle-class flight">middle-class flight</a> to the suburbs, and some residents leaving the state to find work. The result for the city was a higher proportion of poor in its population, reduced tax base, depressed property values, abandoned buildings, abandoned neighborhoods, and high crime rates.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> On August 16, 1987, <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Airlines_Flight_255" title="Northwest Airlines Flight 255">Northwest Airlines Flight 255</a> crashed near Detroit Metro airport, killing all but one of the 155 people on board, as well as two people on the ground.<a href="#cite_note-AAR-88-05_Final_Report-83">[83]</a> In 1993, Young retired as Detroit's longest-serving mayor, deciding not to seek a sixth term, with <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Archer" title="Dennis Archer">Dennis Archer</a> succeeding him. Archer prioritized downtown development, easing tensions with its suburban neighbors. A referendum to allow casino gambling in the city passed in 1996; several temporary casino facilities opened in 1999, and permanent downtown casinos with hotels opened in 2007–08.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21st_century">21st century</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Detroit&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: 21st century">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Detroit_bankruptcy" title="Detroit bankruptcy">Detroit bankruptcy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Planning_and_development_in_Detroit" title="Planning and development in Detroit">Planning and development in Detroit</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Campus_Martius_Park" title="Campus Martius Park">Campus Martius</a>, a reconfiguration of downtown's main intersection as a new park, was opened in 2004. The park has been cited as one of the best public spaces in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> In 2001, the first portion of the <a href="/wiki/Detroit_International_Riverfront" title="Detroit International Riverfront">International Riverfront</a> redevelopment was completed as a part of the city's 300th-anniversary celebration.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> In September 2008, Mayor <a href="/wiki/Kwame_Kilpatrick" title="Kwame Kilpatrick">Kwame Kilpatrick</a> (who had served for six years) resigned following felony convictions. In 2013, Kilpatrick was convicted on 24 federal felony counts, including <a href="/wiki/Mail_fraud" class="mw-redirect" title="Mail fraud">mail fraud</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wire_fraud" class="mw-redirect" title="Wire fraud">wire fraud</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Racket_(crime)" class="mw-redirect" title="Racket (crime)">racketeering</a>,<a href="#cite_note-npr.org-89">[89]</a> and was sentenced to 28 years in federal prison.<a href="#cite_note-fed_sentence-90">[90]</a> The former mayor's activities cost the city an estimated $20 million.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> Roughly half of the owners of Detroit's 305,000 properties failed to pay their 2011 tax bills, resulting in about $246 million (~$329 million in 2023) in taxes and fees going uncollected, nearly half of which was due to Detroit. The rest of the money would have been earmarked for Wayne County, Detroit Public Schools, and the library system.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HudsonsSiteAug13.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/HudsonsSiteAug13.jpg/220px-HudsonsSiteAug13.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/HudsonsSiteAug13.jpg/330px-HudsonsSiteAug13.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/HudsonsSiteAug13.jpg/440px-HudsonsSiteAug13.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Construction progress at <a href="/wiki/Hudson%27s_Detroit" title="Hudson's Detroit">Hudson's Detroit</a> in 2022, slated to be the <a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Detroit" title="List of tallest buildings in Detroit">second tallest building in Detroit</a>.</figcaption></figure> The city's financial crisis resulted in Michigan taking over administrative control of its government.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> Governor <a href="/wiki/Rick_Snyder" title="Rick Snyder">Rick Snyder</a> declared a <a href="/wiki/Financial_emergency_in_Michigan" title="Financial emergency in Michigan">financial emergency</a> in March 2013, stating the city had a $327 million budget deficit and faced more than $14 billion in long-term debt. It had been making ends meet on a month-to-month basis with the help of bond money held in a state escrow account and had instituted mandatory unpaid days off for many city workers. Those troubles, along with underfunded city services, such as police and fire departments, and ineffective turnaround plans from Mayor Bing and the City Council<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> led the state of Michigan to appoint an emergency manager for Detroit. On June 14, 2013, Detroit defaulted on $2.5 billion of debt by withholding $39.7 million in interest payments, while Emergency Manager <a href="/wiki/Kevyn_Orr" title="Kevyn Orr">Kevyn Orr</a> met with bondholders and other creditors in an attempt to restructure the city's $18.5 billion debt and avoid bankruptcy.<a href="#cite_note-Detroit_DebtDefault-95">[95]</a> On July 18, 2013, Detroit became the largest U.S. city to <a href="/wiki/Detroit_bankruptcy" title="Detroit bankruptcy">file for bankruptcy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-detroitnews1-96">[96]</a> It was declared bankrupt by U.S. District Court on December 3, with its $18.5 billion debt.<a href="#cite_note-bankrupt_city-97">[97]</a> On November 7, 2014, the city's plan for exiting bankruptcy was approved. On December 11 the city officially exited bankruptcy. The plan allowed the city to eliminate $7 billion in debt and invest $1.7 billion into improved city services.<a href="#cite_note-NYTDet-98">[98]</a> One way the city obtained this money was through the <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Institute_of_Arts" title="Detroit Institute of Arts">Detroit Institute of Arts</a> (DIA). Holding over 60,000 pieces of art worth billions of dollars, some saw it as the key to funding this investment. The city came up with a plan to monetize the art and sell it, leading to the DIA becoming a private organization. After months of legal battles, the city finally got hundreds of millions of dollars towards funding a new Detroit.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> One of the largest post-bankruptcy efforts to improve city services has been to fix the city's broken street lighting system. At one time it was estimated that 40% of lights were not working, which resulted in public safety issues and abandonment of housing. The plan called for replacing outdated <a href="/wiki/Sodium-vapor_lamp" title="Sodium-vapor lamp">high-pressure sodium lights</a> with 65,000 LED lights. Construction began in late 2014 and finished in December 2016; Detroit is the largest U.S. city with all LED street lighting.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> In the 2010s, several initiatives were taken by Detroit's citizens and new residents to improve the cityscape by renovating and revitalizing neighborhoods. Such projects include volunteer renovation groups<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> and various <a href="/wiki/Urban_agriculture" title="Urban agriculture">urban gardening</a> movements.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> Miles of associated parks and landscaping have been completed in recent years. In 2011, the Port Authority Passenger Terminal opened, with the riverwalk connecting Hart Plaza to the Renaissance Center.<a href="#cite_note-Bailey-81">[81]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Restored_Michigan_Central_Station.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Restored_Michigan_Central_Station.jpg/220px-Restored_Michigan_Central_Station.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Restored_Michigan_Central_Station.jpg/330px-Restored_Michigan_Central_Station.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Restored_Michigan_Central_Station.jpg/440px-Restored_Michigan_Central_Station.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="964" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Michigan_Central_Station" title="Michigan Central Station">Michigan Central Station</a>, once symbolic of the city's decline, was redeveloped by <a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford Motor Company</a> and reopened in 2024.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a></figcaption></figure> One symbol of the city's decades-long decline, the <a href="/wiki/Michigan_Central_Station" title="Michigan Central Station">Michigan Central Station</a>, was long vacant. The city renovated it with new windows, elevators and facilities, completing the work in December 2015.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> In 2018, Ford Motor Company purchased the building and plans to use it for mobility testing with a potential return of train service.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> Several other landmark buildings have been privately renovated and adapted as <a href="/wiki/Condominium_(living_space)" class="mw-redirect" title="Condominium (living space)">condominiums</a>, hotels, offices, or for cultural uses. Detroit was mentioned as a city of renaissance and has reversed many of the trends of the prior decades.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> The city has seen a rise in <a href="/wiki/Gentrification" title="Gentrification">gentrification</a>.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> In downtown, for example, the construction of <a href="/wiki/Little_Caesars_Arena" title="Little Caesars Arena">Little Caesars Arena</a> brought with it high class shops and restaurants along Woodward Avenue. Office tower and condominium construction has led to an influx of wealthy families but also a displacement of long-time residents and culture.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> Areas outside of downtown and other recently revived areas have an average household income of about 25% less than the gentrified areas, a gap that is continuing to grow.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> Rents and cost of living in these gentrified areas rise every year, pushing minorities and the poor out, causing more and more racial disparity and separation in the city. In 2019, the cost of a one-bedroom loft in Rivertown reached $300,000 (~$352,668 in 2023), with a five-year sale price change of over 500% and average income rising by 18%.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS">better source needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Detroit&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Geography">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Metro_Detroit_by_Sentinel-2,_2021-09-06_(big_version).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Metro_Detroit_by_Sentinel-2%2C_2021-09-06_%28big_version%29.jpg/220px-Metro_Detroit_by_Sentinel-2%2C_2021-09-06_%28big_version%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Metro_Detroit_by_Sentinel-2%2C_2021-09-06_%28big_version%29.jpg/330px-Metro_Detroit_by_Sentinel-2%2C_2021-09-06_%28big_version%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Metro_Detroit_by_Sentinel-2%2C_2021-09-06_%28big_version%29.jpg/440px-Metro_Detroit_by_Sentinel-2%2C_2021-09-06_%28big_version%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="11192" data-file-height="11192" /></a><figcaption>A satellite image from Sentinel-2 taken in September 2021 of Detroit and its surrounding metropolitan area with Windsor across the river</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Metropolitan_area">Metropolitan area</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Detroit&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Metropolitan area">edit</a>]</div> Detroit is the center of a three-county urban area (with a population of 3,734,090 within an area of 1,337 square miles (3,460 km2) according to the <a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2010 United States Census">2010 United States Census</a>), six-county <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_statistical_area" title="Metropolitan statistical area">metropolitan statistical area</a> (population of 5,322,219 in an area of 3,913 square miles [10,130 km2] as of the 2010 census), and a nine-county <a href="/wiki/Combined_Statistical_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Combined Statistical Area">Combined Statistical Area</a> (population of 5.3 million within 5,814 square miles [15,060 km2] as of 2010<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Detroit&action=edit">[update]</a>).<a href="#cite_note-CensusCSA-113">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-CensusMSA-114">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Topography">Topography</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Detroit&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Topography">edit</a>]</div> According to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">U.S. Census Bureau</a>, the city has a total area of 142.87 square miles (370.03 km2), of which 138.75 square miles (359.36 km2) is land and 4.12 square miles (10.67 km2) is water.<a href="#cite_note-Gazetteer_files-116">[116]</a> Detroit is the principal city in <a href="/wiki/Metro_Detroit" title="Metro Detroit">Metro Detroit</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Michigan" title="Southeast Michigan">Southeast Michigan</a>. It is situated in the <a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwestern United States</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_region" title="Great Lakes region">Great Lakes region</a>.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Detroit_River_International_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Detroit River International Wildlife Refuge">Detroit River International Wildlife Refuge</a> is the only international <a href="/wiki/Wildlife_preserve" class="mw-redirect" title="Wildlife preserve">wildlife preserve</a> in North America and is uniquely located in the heart of a major metropolitan area. The refuge includes islands, coastal wetlands, marshes, shoals, and waterfront lands along 48 miles (77 km) of the Detroit River and western Lake Erie shoreline.<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> The city slopes gently from the northwest to southeast on a <a href="/wiki/Till_plain" title="Till plain">till plain</a> composed largely of glacial and lake clay. The most notable topographical feature in the city is the Detroit Moraine, a broad clay ridge on which the older portions of Detroit and Windsor are located, rising approximately 62 feet (19 m) above the river at its highest point.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> The highest elevation in the city is directly north of Gorham Playground on the northwest side approximately three blocks south of <a href="/wiki/M-102_(Michigan_highway)" title="M-102 (Michigan highway)">8 Mile Road</a>, at a height of 675 to 680 feet (206 to 207 m).<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> Detroit's lowest elevation is along the Detroit River, at a surface height of 572 feet (174 m).<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> <a href="/wiki/Belle_Isle_Park" title="Belle Isle Park">Belle Isle Park</a> is a 982-acre (1.534 sq mi; 397 ha) island park in the Detroit River, between Detroit and <a href="/wiki/Windsor,_Ontario" title="Windsor, Ontario">Windsor, Ontario</a>. It is connected to the mainland by the <a href="/wiki/MacArthur_Bridge_(Detroit)" title="MacArthur Bridge (Detroit)">MacArthur Bridge</a>. Belle Isle Park contains such attractions as the <a href="/wiki/James_Scott_Memorial_Fountain" title="James Scott Memorial Fountain">James Scott Memorial Fountain</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Belle_Isle_Conservatory" title="Belle Isle Conservatory">Belle Isle Conservatory</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Yacht_Club" title="Detroit Yacht Club">Detroit Yacht Club</a> on an adjacent island, a half-mile (800 m) beach, a golf course, a nature center, monuments, and gardens. Both the Detroit and Windsor skylines can be viewed at the island's Sunset Point.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> Three road systems cross the city: the original French template, with avenues radiating from the waterfront, and true <a href="/wiki/Roads_and_freeways_in_metropolitan_Detroit" title="Roads and freeways in metropolitan Detroit">north–south roads</a> based on the <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Ordinance" title="Northwest Ordinance">Northwest Ordinance</a> township system. The city is north of Windsor, Ontario. Detroit is the only major city along the Canada–U.S. border in which one travels south in order to cross into Canada.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> Detroit has four border crossings: the <a href="/wiki/Ambassador_Bridge" title="Ambassador Bridge">Ambassador Bridge</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Detroit%E2%80%93Windsor_tunnel" title="Detroit–Windsor tunnel">Detroit–Windsor tunnel</a> provide motor vehicle thoroughfares, with the <a href="/wiki/Michigan_Central_Railway_Tunnel" title="Michigan Central Railway Tunnel">Michigan Central Railway Tunnel</a> providing railroad access to and from Canada. The fourth border crossing is the <a href="/wiki/Detroit%E2%80%93Windsor_Truck_Ferry" title="Detroit–Windsor Truck Ferry">Detroit–Windsor Truck Ferry</a>, near the Windsor Salt Mine and <a href="/wiki/Zug_Island" title="Zug Island">Zug Island</a>. Near Zug Island, the southwest part of the city was developed over a 1,500-acre (610 ha) salt mine that is 1,100 feet (340 m) below the surface. The <a href="/wiki/Detroit_salt_mine" title="Detroit salt mine">Detroit salt mine</a> run by the Detroit Salt Company has over 100 miles (160 km) of roads within.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cityscape">Cityscape</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Detroit&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Cityscape">edit</a>]</div> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:1008px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><a href="/wiki/File:Skyline_of_Detroit,_Michigan_from_S_2014-12-07.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Skyline of Detroit from Windsor, Ontario in 2014. Notable buildings include the Renaissance Center, Ally Detroit Center and Penobscot Building."><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Skyline_of_Detroit%2C_Michigan_from_S_2014-12-07.jpg/1000px-Skyline_of_Detroit%2C_Michigan_from_S_2014-12-07.jpg" decoding="async" width="1000" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Skyline_of_Detroit%2C_Michigan_from_S_2014-12-07.jpg/1500px-Skyline_of_Detroit%2C_Michigan_from_S_2014-12-07.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Skyline_of_Detroit%2C_Michigan_from_S_2014-12-07.jpg/2000px-Skyline_of_Detroit%2C_Michigan_from_S_2014-12-07.jpg 2x" data-file-width="17418" data-file-height="3476" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Skyline_of_Detroit,_Michigan_from_S_2014-12-07.jpg" title="File:Skyline of Detroit, Michigan from S 2014-12-07.jpg"> </a></div>Skyline of Detroit from <a href="/wiki/Windsor,_Ontario" title="Windsor, Ontario">Windsor, Ontario</a> in 2014. Notable buildings include the <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_Center" title="Renaissance Center">Renaissance Center</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ally_Detroit_Center" title="Ally Detroit Center">Ally Detroit Center</a> and <a href="/wiki/Penobscot_Building" title="Penobscot Building">Penobscot Building</a>.</div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Architecture">Architecture</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Detroit&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Architecture">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_metropolitan_Detroit" title="Architecture of metropolitan Detroit">Architecture of metropolitan Detroit</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Detroit" title="List of tallest buildings in Detroit">List of tallest buildings in Detroit</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:One_Detroit_Center_(Detroit,_MI,_USA).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/One_Detroit_Center_%28Detroit%2C_MI%2C_USA%29.jpg/220px-One_Detroit_Center_%28Detroit%2C_MI%2C_USA%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/One_Detroit_Center_%28Detroit%2C_MI%2C_USA%29.jpg/330px-One_Detroit_Center_%28Detroit%2C_MI%2C_USA%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/One_Detroit_Center_%28Detroit%2C_MI%2C_USA%29.jpg/440px-One_Detroit_Center_%28Detroit%2C_MI%2C_USA%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2483" data-file-height="2038" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ally_Detroit_Center" title="Ally Detroit Center">Ally Detroit Center</a> and the Michigan Labor Legacy Monument</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Skyline_of_Detroit,_Michigan_from_S_2014-12-07_(cropped,_Financial_District).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Skyline_of_Detroit%2C_Michigan_from_S_2014-12-07_%28cropped%2C_Financial_District%29.jpg/220px-Skyline_of_Detroit%2C_Michigan_from_S_2014-12-07_%28cropped%2C_Financial_District%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Skyline_of_Detroit%2C_Michigan_from_S_2014-12-07_%28cropped%2C_Financial_District%29.jpg/330px-Skyline_of_Detroit%2C_Michigan_from_S_2014-12-07_%28cropped%2C_Financial_District%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Skyline_of_Detroit%2C_Michigan_from_S_2014-12-07_%28cropped%2C_Financial_District%29.jpg/440px-Skyline_of_Detroit%2C_Michigan_from_S_2014-12-07_%28cropped%2C_Financial_District%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1907" data-file-height="1878" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Financial_District" title="Detroit Financial District">Detroit Financial District</a> viewed from across the <a href="/wiki/Detroit_River" title="Detroit River">Detroit River</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Detroit_December_2019_12_(Woodward_Avenue).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Detroit_December_2019_12_%28Woodward_Avenue%29.jpg/220px-Detroit_December_2019_12_%28Woodward_Avenue%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Detroit_December_2019_12_%28Woodward_Avenue%29.jpg/330px-Detroit_December_2019_12_%28Woodward_Avenue%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Detroit_December_2019_12_%28Woodward_Avenue%29.jpg/440px-Detroit_December_2019_12_%28Woodward_Avenue%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Merchants Row on <a href="/wiki/Woodward_Avenue" class="mw-redirect" title="Woodward Avenue">Woodward Avenue</a> between Grand Circus Park and Campus Martius Park downtown</figcaption></figure> Seen in panorama, Detroit's waterfront shows a variety of architectural styles. The <a href="/wiki/Postmodern_architecture" title="Postmodern architecture">postmodern</a> <a href="/wiki/Gothic_Revival_architecture" title="Gothic Revival architecture">Neo-Gothic</a> spires of <a href="/wiki/Ally_Detroit_Center" title="Ally Detroit Center">Ally Detroit Center</a> were designed to refer to the city's <a href="/wiki/Art_Deco" title="Art Deco">Art Deco</a> skyscrapers. Together with the <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_Center" title="Renaissance Center">Renaissance Center</a>, these buildings form a distinctive and recognizable skyline. Examples of the Art Deco style include the <a href="/wiki/Guardian_Building" title="Guardian Building">Guardian Building</a> and <a href="/wiki/Penobscot_Building" title="Penobscot Building">Penobscot Building</a> downtown, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Fisher_Building" title="Fisher Building">Fisher Building</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cadillac_Place" title="Cadillac Place">Cadillac Place</a> in the <a href="/wiki/New_Center,_Detroit" title="New Center, Detroit">New Center</a> area near <a href="/wiki/Wayne_State_University" title="Wayne State University">Wayne State University</a>. Among the city's prominent structures are United States' largest <a href="/wiki/Fox_Theatre_(Detroit)" title="Fox Theatre (Detroit)">Fox Theatre</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Opera_House" title="Detroit Opera House">Detroit Opera House</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Institute_of_Arts" title="Detroit Institute of Arts">Detroit Institute of Arts</a>, all built in the early 20th century.<a href="#cite_note-AIADetroit-126">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-DetArch-127">[127]</a> While the <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Detroit" title="Downtown Detroit">Downtown</a> and New Center areas contain high-rise buildings, the majority of the surrounding city consists of low-rise structures and single-family homes. Outside of the city's core, residential high-rises are found in upper-class neighborhoods such as the East Riverfront, extending toward <a href="/wiki/Grosse_Pointe" title="Grosse Pointe">Grosse Pointe</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Palmer_Park_Apartment_Building_Historic_District" title="Palmer Park Apartment Building Historic District">Palmer Park</a> neighborhood just west of Woodward. The University Commons-Palmer Park district in northwest Detroit, near the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Detroit_Mercy" title="University of Detroit Mercy">University of Detroit Mercy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marygrove_College" title="Marygrove College">Marygrove College</a>, anchors historic neighborhoods including <a href="/wiki/Palmer_Woods" title="Palmer Woods">Palmer Woods</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sherwood_Forest,_Detroit" title="Sherwood Forest, Detroit">Sherwood Forest</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/University_District,_Detroit" title="University District, Detroit">University District</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Forty-two significant structures or sites are listed on the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Registered_Historic_Places_in_Detroit,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Registered Historic Places in Detroit, Michigan">National Register of Historic Places</a>. Neighborhoods constructed prior to World War II feature the architecture of the times, with wood-frame and brick houses in the working-class neighborhoods, larger brick homes in middle-class neighborhoods, and ornate mansions in upper-class neighborhoods such as <a href="/wiki/Brush_Park" title="Brush Park">Brush Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Woodbridge,_Detroit" title="Woodbridge, Detroit">Woodbridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_Village,_Detroit" title="Indian Village, Detroit">Indian Village</a>, Palmer Woods, <a href="/wiki/Boston-Edison_Historic_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston-Edison Historic District">Boston-Edison</a>, and others.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Some of the oldest neighborhoods are along the major Woodward and <a href="/wiki/East_Jefferson_Avenue_Residential_TR" title="East Jefferson Avenue Residential TR">East Jefferson</a> corridors, which formed spines of the city. Some newer residential construction may also be found along the Woodward corridor and in the far west and northeast. The oldest extant neighborhoods include <a href="/wiki/West_Canfield_Historic_District" title="West Canfield Historic District">West Canfield</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brush_Park" title="Brush Park">Brush Park</a>. There have been multi-million dollar restorations of existing homes and construction of new homes and condominiums here.<a href="#cite_note-partnership-80">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> The city has one of the United States' largest surviving collections of late 19th- and early 20th-century buildings.<a href="#cite_note-DetArch-127">[127]</a> Architecturally significant churches and cathedrals in the city include <a href="/wiki/St._Joseph_Roman_Catholic_Church,_Detroit" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Joseph Roman Catholic Church, Detroit">St. Joseph's</a>, Old <a href="/wiki/St._Mary_Roman_Catholic_Church_(Detroit)" title="St. Mary Roman Catholic Church (Detroit)">St. Mary's</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Sweetest_Heart_of_Mary_Roman_Catholic_Church" title="Sweetest Heart of Mary Roman Catholic Church">Sweetest Heart of Mary</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_the_Most_Blessed_Sacrament" title="Cathedral of the Most Blessed Sacrament">Cathedral of the Most Blessed Sacrament</a>.<a href="#cite_note-AIADetroit-126">[126]</a> The city has substantial activity in urban design, historic preservation, and architecture.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> A number of downtown redevelopment projects—of which <a href="/wiki/Campus_Martius_Park" title="Campus Martius Park">Campus Martius Park</a> is one of the most notable—have revitalized parts of the city. <a href="/wiki/Grand_Circus_Park_Historic_District" title="Grand Circus Park Historic District">Grand Circus Park</a> and historic district is near the <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Theatre_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Detroit Theatre District">city's theater district</a>; <a href="/wiki/Ford_Field" title="Ford Field">Ford Field</a>, home of the <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Lions" title="Detroit Lions">Detroit Lions</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Comerica_Park" title="Comerica Park">Comerica Park</a>, home of the <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Tigers" title="Detroit Tigers">Detroit Tigers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-AIADetroit-126">[126]</a> <a href="/wiki/Little_Caesars_Arena" title="Little Caesars Arena">Little Caesars Arena</a>, a new home for the <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Red_Wings" title="Detroit Red Wings">Detroit Red Wings</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Pistons" title="Detroit Pistons">Detroit Pistons</a>, with attached residential, hotel, and retail use, opened in 2017.<a href="#cite_note-Gallagher-130">[130]</a> The plans for the project call for mixed-use residential on the blocks surrounding the arena and the renovation of the vacant 14-story <a href="/wiki/Eddystone_Hotel" class="mw-redirect" title="Eddystone Hotel">Eddystone Hotel</a>. It will be a part of The District Detroit, a group of places owned by <a href="/wiki/Olympia_Entertainment" title="Olympia Entertainment">Olympia Entertainment Inc.</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Comerica_Park" title="Comerica Park">Comerica Park</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Opera_House" title="Detroit Opera House">Detroit Opera House</a>, among others.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The <a href="/wiki/Detroit_International_Riverfront" title="Detroit International Riverfront">Detroit International Riverfront</a> includes a partially completed three-and-one-half-mile riverfront promenade with a combination of parks, residential buildings, and commercial areas. It extends from <a href="/wiki/Hart_Plaza" class="mw-redirect" title="Hart Plaza">Hart Plaza</a> to the MacArthur Bridge, which connects to <a href="/wiki/Belle_Isle_Park" title="Belle Isle Park">Belle Isle Park</a>, the largest island park in a U.S. city. The riverfront includes <a href="/wiki/Tri-Centennial_State_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Tri-Centennial State Park">Tri-Centennial State Park</a> and Harbor, Michigan's first urban state park. The second phase is a two-mile (3.2-kilometer) extension from Hart Plaza to the <a href="/wiki/Ambassador_Bridge" title="Ambassador Bridge">Ambassador Bridge</a> for a total of five miles (8.0 kilometres) of parkway from bridge to bridge. Civic planners envision the pedestrian parks will stimulate residential redevelopment of riverfront properties condemned under <a href="/wiki/Eminent_domain" title="Eminent domain">eminent domain</a>.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> Other major parks include <a href="/wiki/River_Rouge_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="River Rouge Park">River Rouge</a> (in the southwest side), the largest park in Detroit; Palmer (north of <a href="/wiki/Highland_Park,_Michigan" title="Highland Park, Michigan">Highland Park</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Chene_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Chene Park">Chene Park</a> (on the east river downtown).<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Neighborhoods">Neighborhoods</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Detroit&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Neighborhoods">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_neighborhoods_in_Detroit" title="List of neighborhoods in Detroit">List of neighborhoods in Detroit</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CassParkDetroit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/CassParkDetroit.jpg/220px-CassParkDetroit.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/CassParkDetroit.jpg/330px-CassParkDetroit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/CassParkDetroit.jpg/440px-CassParkDetroit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Cass_Park_Historic_District" title="Cass Park Historic District">Cass Park Historic District</a> in <a href="/wiki/Midtown_Detroit" title="Midtown Detroit">Midtown Detroit</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:New_Amsterdam_Lofts_(4634813321).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/New_Amsterdam_Lofts_%284634813321%29.jpg/220px-New_Amsterdam_Lofts_%284634813321%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/New_Amsterdam_Lofts_%284634813321%29.jpg/330px-New_Amsterdam_Lofts_%284634813321%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/New_Amsterdam_Lofts_%284634813321%29.jpg/440px-New_Amsterdam_Lofts_%284634813321%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/New_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="New Center">New Center</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_Village_Historic_District_-_Detroit_Michigan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Indian_Village_Historic_District_-_Detroit_Michigan.jpg/220px-Indian_Village_Historic_District_-_Detroit_Michigan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Indian_Village_Historic_District_-_Detroit_Michigan.jpg/330px-Indian_Village_Historic_District_-_Detroit_Michigan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Indian_Village_Historic_District_-_Detroit_Michigan.jpg/440px-Indian_Village_Historic_District_-_Detroit_Michigan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Houses in the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Village,_Detroit" title="Indian Village, Detroit">Indian Village</a> neighborhood</figcaption></figure> Detroit has a variety of neighborhood types. The revitalized Downtown, <a href="/wiki/Midtown_Detroit" title="Midtown Detroit">Midtown</a>, Corktown, <a href="/wiki/New_Center,_Detroit" title="New Center, Detroit">New Center</a> areas feature many historic buildings and are high density, while further out, particularly in the northeast and on the fringes,<a href="#cite_note-parcel-133">[133]</a> high vacancy levels are problematic, for which a number of solutions have been proposed. In 2007, <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Detroit" title="Downtown Detroit">Downtown Detroit</a> was recognized as the best city neighborhood in which to retire among the United States' largest metro areas by <a href="/wiki/CNNMoney" class="mw-redirect" title="CNNMoney">CNNMoney</a> editors.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> <a href="/wiki/Lafayette_Park,_Detroit" title="Lafayette Park, Detroit">Lafayette Park</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Planning_and_development_in_Detroit" title="Planning and development in Detroit">revitalized</a> neighborhood on the city's <a href="/wiki/East_Jefferson_Avenue_Residential_TR" title="East Jefferson Avenue Residential TR">east side</a>, part of the <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Mies_van_der_Rohe" title="Ludwig Mies van der Rohe">Ludwig Mies van der Rohe</a> residential district.<a href="#cite_note-WallStreet1-135">[135]</a> The 78-acre (32 ha) development was originally called the Gratiot Park. Planned by <a href="/wiki/Mies_van_der_Rohe" class="mw-redirect" title="Mies van der Rohe">Mies van der Rohe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Hilberseimer" title="Ludwig Hilberseimer">Ludwig Hilberseimer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Caldwell" title="Alfred Caldwell">Alfred Caldwell</a> it includes a landscaped, 19-acre (7.7 ha) park with no through traffic, in which these and other low-rise apartment buildings are situated.<a href="#cite_note-WallStreet1-135">[135]</a> Immigrants have contributed to the city's neighborhood revitalization, especially in southwest Detroit.<a href="#cite_note-Southwest2-136">[136]</a> Southwest Detroit has experienced a thriving economy in recent years, as evidenced by new housing, increased business openings and the recently opened <a href="/wiki/Mexicantown,_Detroit" title="Mexicantown, Detroit">Mexicantown</a> International Welcome Center.<a href="#cite_note-Southwest-137">[137]</a> The city has numerous neighborhoods consisting of vacant properties resulting in low inhabited density in those areas, stretching city services and infrastructure. These neighborhoods are concentrated in the northeast and on the city's fringes.<a href="#cite_note-parcel-133">[133]</a> A 2009 parcel survey found about a quarter of residential lots in the city to be undeveloped or vacant, and about 10% of the city's housing to be unoccupied.<a href="#cite_note-parcel-133">[133]</a><a href="#cite_note-MLIVEAP-138">[138]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gallagher1-139">[139]</a> The survey also reported that most (86%) of the city's homes are in good condition with a minority (9%) in fair condition needing only minor repairs.<a href="#cite_note-MLIVEAP-138">[138]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gallagher1-139">[139]</a><a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-parcel2-141">[141]</a> To deal with vacancy issues, the city has begun demolishing the derelict houses, razing 3,000 of the total 10,000 in 2010,<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> but the resulting low density creates a strain on the city's infrastructure. To remedy this, a number of solutions have been proposed including resident relocation from more sparsely populated neighborhoods and converting unused space to urban agricultural use, including <a href="/wiki/Hantz_Woodlands" title="Hantz Woodlands">Hantz Woodlands</a>, though the city expects to be in the planning stages for up to another two years.<a href="#cite_note-NextDetroit-143">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> Public funding and private investment have been made with promises to rehabilitate neighborhoods. In April 2008, the city announced a $300 million (~$417 million in 2023) stimulus plan to create jobs and revitalize neighborhoods, financed by city bonds and paid for by earmarking about 15% of the wagering tax.<a href="#cite_note-NextDetroit-143">[143]</a> The city's working plans for neighborhood revitalizations include 7-Mile/Livernois, <a href="/wiki/Brightmoor,_Detroit" title="Brightmoor, Detroit">Brightmoor</a>, East English Village, Grand River/Greenfield, <a href="/wiki/North_End,_Detroit" title="North End, Detroit">North End</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Osborn,_Detroit" title="Osborn, Detroit">Osborn</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NextDetroit-143">[143]</a> Private organizations have pledged substantial funding to the efforts.<a href="#cite_note-DEGA2-145">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-Fund-146">[146]</a> Additionally, the city has cleared a 1,200-acre (490 ha) section of land for large-scale neighborhood construction, which the city is calling the Far Eastside Plan.<a href="#cite_note-Rose1-147">[147]</a> In 2011, Mayor <a href="/wiki/Dave_Bing" title="Dave Bing">Dave Bing</a> announced a plan to categorize neighborhoods by their needs and prioritize the most needed services for those neighborhoods.<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parks">Parks</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Detroit&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Parks">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:408px;max-width:408px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Belleisleconservatory.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Belleisleconservatory.jpg/200px-Belleisleconservatory.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Belleisleconservatory.jpg/300px-Belleisleconservatory.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Belleisleconservatory.jpg/400px-Belleisleconservatory.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Grand_Circus_Park_elevated_angle_-_Detroit_Michigan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Grand_Circus_Park_elevated_angle_-_Detroit_Michigan.jpg/200px-Grand_Circus_Park_elevated_angle_-_Detroit_Michigan.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Grand_Circus_Park_elevated_angle_-_Detroit_Michigan.jpg/300px-Grand_Circus_Park_elevated_angle_-_Detroit_Michigan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Grand_Circus_Park_elevated_angle_-_Detroit_Michigan.jpg/400px-Grand_Circus_Park_elevated_angle_-_Detroit_Michigan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2551" data-file-height="1901" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Belle_Isle_Park" title="Belle Isle Park">Belle Isle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grand_Circus_Park_Historic_District" title="Grand Circus Park Historic District">Grand Circus park</a></div></div></div></div> Detroit Parks & Recreation maintains 308 public parks, totaling 4,950 (2,003 ha) acres or about 5.6% of the city's land area. <a href="/wiki/Belle_Isle_Park" title="Belle Isle Park">Belle Isle Park</a>, Detroit's largest and most visited park is the largest city-owned island park in the U.S., covering 982 acres (397 ha). <a href="/wiki/Grand_Circus_Park_Historic_District" title="Grand Circus Park Historic District">Grand Circus</a>, the city's first municipal park, opened in 1847. In the early 20th century, the city enlisted landscape architect Augustus Woodward to conceive a framework for Detroit's modern parks system. Augustus Woodward’s plan for the city imagined grand boulevards, spacious and elegant common parks, and an orderly, hub-and-spoke city layout.<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Huron%E2%80%93Clinton_Metroparks" title="Huron–Clinton Metroparks">Huron-Clinton Metropolitan Authority</a> was created in 1940 by the citizens of Southeast Michigan to serve as a <a href="/wiki/Regional_park" title="Regional park">regional park</a> system the park system includes 13 parks totaling more than 24,000 acres (97 km2) arranged along the <a href="/wiki/Huron_River_(Michigan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Huron River (Michigan)">Huron River</a> and <a href="/wiki/Clinton_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Clinton River">Clinton River</a> forming a partial ring around the Detroit metro area <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Detroit&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Climate">edit</a>]</div> <table class="infobox" style="width: 19.5em; float: right; clear: both; text-align: center; border: solid 1px silver" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr><th>Detroit, Michigan </th></tr> <tr><th style="font-size: 90%">Climate chart (<a href="/wiki/Template:Climate_chart/How_to_read_a_climate_chart" title="Template:Climate chart/How to read a climate chart">explanation</a>)</th></tr> <tr><td><table class="infobox" style="width: 100%; margin: 0; float: right; clear: both; text-align: center; border: none; font-size: 90%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">J</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">F</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">M</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">A</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">M</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">J</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">J</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">A</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">S</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">O</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">N</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">D</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.99568em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">2</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:6.5622222222222em;height:1.4333333333333em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.9955555555556em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">32</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:5.0622222222222em; left:0;width:1.5em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">19</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.02616em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">2</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:6.7733333333333em;height:1.5777777777778em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.3511111111111em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">35</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:5.2733333333333em; left:0;width:1.5em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">21</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.15824em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">2.3</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:7.6177777777778em;height:1.9111111111111em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.5288888888889em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">46</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:6.1177777777778em; left:0;width:1.5em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">29</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.4732em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">2.9</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:8.8177777777778em;height:2.1888888888889em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.006666666667em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">59</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.3177777777778em; left:0;width:1.5em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">39</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.71704em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">3.4</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:9.9288888888889em;height:2.2777777777778em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:12.206666666667em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">70</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.4288888888889em; left:0;width:1.5em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">49</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.78816em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">3.5</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:11.051111111111em;height:2.2em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:13.251111111111em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">79</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.5511111111111em; left:0;width:1.5em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">60</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.71196em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">3.4</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:11.54em;height:2.1666666666667em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:13.706666666667em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">83</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.04em; left:0;width:1.5em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">64</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.524em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">3</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:11.395555555556em;height:2.0888888888889em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:13.484444444444em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">81</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.8955555555556em; left:0;width:1.5em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">63</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.66116em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">3.3</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:10.517777777778em;height:2.1444444444444em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:12.662222222222em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">74</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.0177777777778em; left:0;width:1.5em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">55</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.28016em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">2.5</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:9.2511111111111em;height:2.0333333333333em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.284444444444em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">62</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.7511111111111em; left:0;width:1.5em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">43</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.41732em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">2.8</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:8.2511111111111em;height:1.6111111111111em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.8622222222222em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">49</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:6.7511111111111em; left:0;width:1.5em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">34</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.24968em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">2.5</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:7.1177777777778em;height:1.3333333333333em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.4511111111111em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">36</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:5.6177777777778em; left:0;width:1.5em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">24</div> </div></td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em">█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F</td></tr> <tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em">█ Precipitation totals in inches</td></tr> </tbody></table></td></tr> <tr><td> <table class="infobox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 100%; margin: 0; float: right; clear: both; text-align: center; border: none; font-size: 90%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr><th colspan="12">Metric conversion</th></tr> <tr> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">J</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">F</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">M</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">A</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">M</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">J</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">J</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">A</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">S</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">O</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">N</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">D</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.99568em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">50</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:6.5622222222222em;height:1.4333333333333em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.9955555555556em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">0</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:5.0622222222222em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">−7</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.02616em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">51</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:6.7733333333333em;height:1.5777777777778em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.3511111111111em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">2</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:5.2733333333333em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">−6</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.15824em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">58</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:7.6177777777778em;height:1.9111111111111em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.5288888888889em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">8</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:6.1177777777778em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">−2</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.4732em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">74</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:8.8177777777778em;height:2.1888888888889em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.006666666667em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">15</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.3177777777778em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">4</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.71704em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">86</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:9.9288888888889em;height:2.2777777777778em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:12.206666666667em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">21</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.4288888888889em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">10</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.78816em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">89</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:11.051111111111em;height:2.2em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:13.251111111111em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">26</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.5511111111111em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">15</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.71196em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">86</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:11.54em;height:2.1666666666667em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:13.706666666667em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">29</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.04em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">18</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.524em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">76</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:11.395555555556em;height:2.0888888888889em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:13.484444444444em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">27</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.8955555555556em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">17</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.66116em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">83</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:10.517777777778em;height:2.1444444444444em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:12.662222222222em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">23</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.0177777777778em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">13</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.28016em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">64</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:9.2511111111111em;height:2.0333333333333em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.284444444444em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">16</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.7511111111111em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">6</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.41732em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">71</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:8.2511111111111em;height:1.6111111111111em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.8622222222222em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">9</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:6.7511111111111em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">1</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.24968em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">62</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:7.1177777777778em;height:1.3333333333333em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.4511111111111em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">2</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:5.6177777777778em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">−4</div> </div></td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em">█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C</td></tr> <tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em">█ Precipitation totals in mm</td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> Detroit and the rest of southeastern Michigan have a hot-summer <a href="/wiki/Humid_continental_climate" title="Humid continental climate">humid continental climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen</a>: Dfa) which is influenced by the <a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes" title="Great Lakes">Great Lakes</a> like other places in the <a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">state</a>;<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a><a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a><a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a> the city and close-in suburbs are part of USDA <a href="/wiki/Hardiness_zone" title="Hardiness zone">Hardiness zone</a> 6b, while the more distant northern and western suburbs generally are included in zone 6a.<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a> Winters are cold, with moderate snowfall and temperatures not rising above freezing on an average 44 days annually, while dropping to or below 0 °F (−18 °C) on an average 4.4 days a year; summers are warm to hot with temperatures exceeding 90 °F (32 °C) on 12 days.<a href="#cite_note-NOAA-D-154">[154]</a> The warm season runs from May to September. The monthly daily mean temperature ranges from 25.6 °F (−3.6 °C) in January to 73.6 °F (23.1 °C) in July. Official temperature extremes range from 105 °F (41 °C) on July 24, 1934, down to −21 °F (−29 °C) on January 21, 1984; the record low maximum is −4 °F (−20 °C) on <a href="/wiki/1994_North_American_cold_wave" title="1994 North American cold wave">January 19, 1994</a>, while, conversely the record high minimum is 80 °F (27 °C) on August 1, 2006, the most recent of five occurrences.<a href="#cite_note-NOAA-D-154">[154]</a> A decade or two may pass between readings of 100 °F (38 °C) or higher, which last occurred <a href="/wiki/Summer_2012_North_American_heat_wave" class="mw-redirect" title="Summer 2012 North American heat wave">July 17, 2012</a>. The average window for freezing temperatures is October 20 through April 22, allowing a growing season of 180 days.<a href="#cite_note-NOAA-D-154">[154]</a> Precipitation is moderate and somewhat evenly distributed throughout the year, although the warmer months such as May and June average more, averaging 33.5 inches (850 mm) annually, but historically ranging from 20.49 in (520 mm) in 1963 to 47.70 in (1,212 mm) in 2011.<a href="#cite_note-NOAA-D-154">[154]</a> Snowfall, which typically falls in measurable amounts between November 15 through April 4 (occasionally in October and very rarely in May),<a href="#cite_note-NOAA-D-154">[154]</a> averages 42.5 inches (108 cm) per season, although historically ranging from 11.5 in (29 cm) in 1881–82 to 94.9 in (241 cm) in <a href="/wiki/2013%E2%80%9314_North_American_cold_wave" class="mw-redirect" title="2013–14 North American cold wave">2013–14</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NOAA-D-154">[154]</a> A thick snowpack is not often seen, with an average of only 27.5 days with 3 in (7.6 cm) or more of snow cover.<a href="#cite_note-NOAA-D-154">[154]</a> <a href="/wiki/Thunderstorms" class="mw-redirect" title="Thunderstorms">Thunderstorms</a> are frequent in the Detroit area. These usually occur during spring and summer.<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Detroit (<a href="/wiki/DTW" class="mw-redirect" title="DTW">DTW</a>), 1991–2020 normals,<a href="#cite_note-156">[a]</a> extremes 1874–present<a href="#cite_note-157">[b]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FF9B37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">67 (19) </td> <td style="background: #FF7F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">73 (23) </td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">86 (30) </td> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">89 (32) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">95 (35) </td> <td style="background: #FF0A00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">104 (40) </td> <td style="background: #FF0300; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">105 (41) </td> <td style="background: #FF0A00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">104 (40) </td> <td style="background: #FF1800; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">100 (38) </td> <td style="background: #FF3A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">92 (33) </td> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">81 (27) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">69 (21) </td> <td style="background: #FF0300; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">105 (41) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean maximum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FFCD9B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">53.0 (11.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">55.3 (12.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8F1F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">69.3 (20.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">79.6 (26.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF4A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">87.2 (30.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF3500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">92.6 (33.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF3100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">93.8 (34.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF3700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">92.1 (33.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF4200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">89.3 (31.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">80.6 (27.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9932; color:#000000;" class="notheme">66.7 (19.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFC184; color:#000000;" class="notheme">56.1 (13.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF2B00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">95.4 (35.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.3 (0.2) </td> <td style="background: #F0F0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.2 (1.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFE8D2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">45.9 (7.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFB871; color:#000000;" class="notheme">58.7 (14.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B17; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70.3 (21.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">79.7 (26.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF5800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">83.7 (28.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">81.4 (27.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">74.4 (23.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA56; color:#000000;" class="notheme">62.0 (16.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFDEBE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48.6 (9.2) </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.2 (2.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56C; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">59.1 (15.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #D4D4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.8 (−3.4) </td> <td style="background: #DADAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.0 (−2.2) </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.2 (2.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48.9 (9.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFB164; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60.3 (15.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF8C1A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">69.9 (21.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">74.1 (23.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF8308; color:#000000;" class="notheme">72.3 (22.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F40; color:#000000;" class="notheme">64.9 (18.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFCD9B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">53.0 (11.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFFAF6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">41.2 (5.1) </td> <td style="background: #E4E4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.3 (−0.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7AF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">50.6 (10.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #C0C0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.2 (−7.1) </td> <td style="background: #C5C5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.8 (−6.2) </td> <td style="background: #DCDCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.6 (−1.9) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">39.1 (3.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFD8B1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">50.2 (10.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFB164; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60.2 (15.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFA144; color:#000000;" class="notheme">64.4 (18.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63.2 (17.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFC388; color:#000000;" class="notheme">55.5 (13.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFEFE0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">44.0 (6.7) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.9 (1.1) </td> <td style="background: #D2D2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.3 (−3.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFF7EF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">42.0 (5.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean minimum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #8787FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 (−17.7) </td> <td style="background: #9191FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.5 (−15.8) </td> <td style="background: #AAAAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.0 (−11.1) </td> <td style="background: #D3D3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.5 (−3.6) </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.3 (2.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFE3C7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47.3 (8.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFC993; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54.1 (12.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC99; color:#000000;" class="notheme">53.4 (11.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFF9F3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">41.6 (5.3) </td> <td style="background: #E3E3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.0 (−0.6) </td> <td style="background: #C2C2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.8 (−6.8) </td> <td style="background: #A1A1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.8 (−12.9) </td> <td style="background: #7B7BFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−3.7 (−19.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #4A4AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−21 (−29) </td> <td style="background: #4A4AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−20 (−29) </td> <td style="background: #7A7AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4 (−20) </td> <td style="background: #A0A0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8 (−13) </td> <td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25 (−4) </td> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36 (2) </td> <td style="background: #FFF4EA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">42 (6) </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">38 (3) </td> <td style="background: #DBDBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29 (−2) </td> <td style="background: #BBBBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17 (−8) </td> <td style="background: #8585FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 (−18) </td> <td style="background: #6565FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−11 (−24) </td> <td style="background: #4A4AFF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−21 (−29) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> inches (mm) </th> <td style="background: #AAFFAA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.23 (57) </td> <td style="background: #A8FFA8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.08 (53) </td> <td style="background: #A2FFA2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.43 (62) </td> <td style="background: #7FFF7F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.26 (83) </td> <td style="background: #72FF72; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.72 (94) </td> <td style="background: #7FFF7F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.26 (83) </td> <td style="background: #7AFF7A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.51 (89) </td> <td style="background: #83FF83; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.26 (83) </td> <td style="background: #80FF80; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.22 (82) </td> <td style="background: #9FFF9F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.53 (64) </td> <td style="background: #9AFF9A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.57 (65) </td> <td style="background: #AAFFAA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.25 (57) </td> <td style="background: #90FF90; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">34.32 (872) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowfall inches (cm) </th> <td style="background: #000030; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.0 (36) </td> <td style="background: #000030; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.5 (32) </td> <td style="background: #1010FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">6.2 (16) </td> <td style="background: #C4C4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.5 (3.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #B5B5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.9 (4.8) </td> <td style="background: #0000A7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">8.9 (23) </td> <td style="background: #6E6EFF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">45.0 (114) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average extreme snow depth inches (cm) </th> <td style="background: #C7C7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.1 (18) </td> <td style="background: #CACAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.6 (17) </td> <td style="background: #DDDDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.4 (11) </td> <td style="background: #F8F8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.8 (2.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.1 (2.8) </td> <td style="background: #DDDDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.3 (11) </td> <td style="background: #B2B2FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">10.0 (25) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) </th> <td style="background: #5959FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.4 </td> <td style="background: #6A6AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.0 </td> <td style="background: #7676FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.1 </td> <td style="background: #5F5FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.5 </td> <td style="background: #5F5FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.9 </td> <td style="background: #7676FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.7 </td> <td style="background: #7D7DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.5 </td> <td style="background: #8787FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.7 </td> <td style="background: #8585FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.5 </td> <td style="background: #7C7CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.6 </td> <td style="background: #7272FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.0 </td> <td style="background: #5D5DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.1 </td> <td style="background: #7070FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">136.0 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) </th> <td style="background: #7A7AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.7 </td> <td style="background: #8282FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.2 </td> <td style="background: #BDBDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.3 </td> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.5 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2 </td> <td style="background: #DDDDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.6 </td> <td style="background: #9C9CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.0 </td> <td style="background: #D7D7FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">37.6 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000E0; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">74.7 </td> <td style="background: #0000E8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72.5 </td> <td style="background: #0000F2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">70.0 </td> <td style="background: #0202FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">66.0 </td> <td style="background: #0505FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">65.3 </td> <td style="background: #0000FC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">67.3 </td> <td style="background: #0000F7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">68.5 </td> <td style="background: #0000EC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71.5 </td> <td style="background: #0000E5; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73.4 </td> <td style="background: #0000EC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71.6 </td> <td style="background: #0000E0; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">74.6 </td> <td style="background: #0000D8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">76.7 </td> <td style="background: #0000EE; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">71.0 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Dew_point" title="Dew point">dew point</a> °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #B7B7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.2 (−8.8) </td> <td style="background: #BBBBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.6 (−8.0) </td> <td style="background: #D4D4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.9 (−3.4) </td> <td style="background: #EFEFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.1 (1.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFE9D4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">45.7 (7.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFC388; color:#000000;" class="notheme">55.6 (13.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFB163; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60.4 (15.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFB368; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59.7 (15.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC9A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">53.2 (11.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFFAF5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">41.4 (5.2) </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.4 (0.2) </td> <td style="background: #C8C8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.9 (−5.6) </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">38.7 (3.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #B6B660; color:#000000;" class="notheme">119.9 </td> <td style="background: #C4C408; color:#000000;" class="notheme">138.3 </td> <td style="background: #D3D300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">184.9 </td> <td style="background: #DDDD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">217.0 </td> <td style="background: #E9E900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">275.9 </td> <td style="background: #F1F112; color:#000000;" class="notheme">301.8 </td> <td style="background: #F2F214; color:#000000;" class="notheme">317.0 </td> <td style="background: #EAEA02; color:#000000;" class="notheme">283.5 </td> <td style="background: #DFDF00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">227.6 </td> <td style="background: #CFCF00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">176.0 </td> <td style="background: #B1B17B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">106.3 </td> <td style="background: #A0A0A0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">87.7 </td> <td style="background: #D9D900; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,435.9 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Percent <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">possible sunshine</a> </th> <td style="background: #EFEF0E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">41 </td> <td style="background: #F9F926; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF33; color:#000000;" class="notheme">50 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF43; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF5F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">61 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF74; color:#000000;" class="notheme">66 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF80; color:#000000;" class="notheme">69 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF74; color:#000000;" class="notheme">66 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF5F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">61 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51 </td> <td style="background: #E7E700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36 </td> <td style="background: #DEDE00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF47; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">55 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet_index" title="Ultraviolet index">ultraviolet index</a> </th> <td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">1.2 </td> <td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">2.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.6 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.4 </td> <td style="background: #F18B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.9 </td> <td style="background: #E53210; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">8.0 </td> <td style="background: #E53210; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">8.2 </td> <td style="background: #F18B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.1 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.3 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.1 </td> <td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">1.6 </td> <td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">1.1 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">4.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a href="/wiki/NOAA" class="mw-redirect" title="NOAA">NOAA</a> (relative humidity, dew point, and sun 1961–1990)<a href="#cite_note-NOAA-D-154">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-158">[156]</a><a href="#cite_note-HKO-159">[157]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: UV Index Today (1995 to 2022)<a href="#cite_note-UVIT-160">[158]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Notice plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width:100%;margin:0;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/60px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/80px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style="text-align: left;"><div class="mbox-text-span">Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on <a href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940" class="extiw" title="phab:T334940">Phabricator</a> and on <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Graph/Plans" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:Graph/Plans">MediaWiki.org</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table> See or edit <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/data:ncei.noaa.gov/weather/Detroit.tab" class="extiw" title="commons:data:ncei.noaa.gov/weather/Detroit.tab">raw graph data</a>. <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:100%; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Detroit </th></tr> <tr> <th>Month </th> <th>Jan </th> <th>Feb </th> <th>Mar </th> <th>Apr </th> <th>May </th> <th>Jun </th> <th>Jul </th> <th>Aug </th> <th>Sep </th> <th>Oct </th> <th>Nov </th> <th>Dec </th> <th style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr> <th>Mean No. of days with Maximum temperature => 90.0 °F (32.2 °C) </th> <td style="background:#ffffff;color:#000000;">0 </td> <td style="background:#ffffff;color:#000000;">0 </td> <td style="background:#ffffff;color:#000000;">0 </td> <td style="background:#ffffff;color:#000000;">0 </td> <td style="background:#FFCCCC;color:#000000;">1 </td> <td style="background:#FFC0C0;color:#000000;">3 </td> <td style="background:#FF9999;color:#000000;">5 </td> <td style="background:#FFC0C0;color:#000000;">3 </td> <td style="background:#FFCCCC;color:#000000;">1 </td> <td style="background:#ffffff;color:#000000;">0 </td> <td style="background:#ffffff;color:#000000;">0 </td> <td style="background:#ffffff;color:#000000;">0 </td> <td style="background:#FFCCCC;color:#000000;border-left-width:medium">13 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Mean No. of days with Minimum temperature => 68.0 °F (20.0 °C) </th> <td style="background:#ffffff;color:#000000;">0 </td> <td style="background:#ffffff;color:#000000;">0 </td> <td style="background:#ffffff;color:#000000;">0 </td> <td style="background:#ffffff;color:#000000;">0 </td> <td style="background:#FFE5CC;color:#000000;">1 </td> <td style="background:#FFCC99;color:#000000;">5 </td> <td style="background:#FFB266;color:#000000;">10 </td> <td style="background:#FFC0C0;color:#000000;">8 </td> <td style="background:#FFE5CC;color:#000000;">2 </td> <td style="background:#ffffff;color:#000000;">0 </td> <td style="background:#ffffff;color:#000000;">0 </td> <td style="background:#ffffff;color:#000000;">0 </td> <td style="background:#FFE0C0;color:#000000;border-left-width:medium">25 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Mean No. of days with Minimum temperature <= 32.0 °F (0.0 °C) </th> <td style="background:#003366;color:#ffffff;">27 </td> <td style="background:#004080;color:#ffffff;">25 </td> <td style="background:#004C99;color:#ffffff;">21 </td> <td style="background:#80C0FF;color:#000000;">6 </td> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;">0 </td> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;">0 </td> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;">0 </td> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;">0 </td> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;">0 </td> <td style="background:#C0E0FF;color:#000000;">2 </td> <td style="background:#3399FF;color:#ffffff;">14 </td> <td style="background:#004080;color:#ffffff;">24 </td> <td style="background:#66B2FF;color:#ffffff;border-left-width:medium">120 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Mean No. of days with Maximum temperature <= 32.0 °F (0.0 °C) </th> <td style="background:#00FFFF;color:#000000;">16 </td> <td style="background:#40FFFF;color:#000000;">12 </td> <td style="background:#C0FFFF;color:#000000;">3 </td> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;">0 </td> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;">0 </td> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;">0 </td> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;">0 </td> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;">0 </td> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;">0 </td> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;">0 </td> <td style="background:#CCFFFF;color:#000000;">1 </td> <td style="background:#66FFFF;color:#000000;">10 </td> <td style="background:#C0FFFF;color:#000000;border-left-width:medium">42 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Mean No. of days with snow depth => 0.1 in (0.25 cm) </th> <td style="background:#6666CC;color:#ffffff;">17 </td> <td style="background:#9999FF;color:#ffffff;">14 </td> <td style="background:#CCCCFF;color:#000000;">6 </td> <td style="background:#E5E5FF;color:#000000;">1 </td> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;">0 </td> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;">0 </td> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;">0 </td> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;">0 </td> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;">0 </td> <td style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;">0 </td> <td style="background:#E5E5FF;color:#000000;">2 </td> <td style="background:#C0C0FF;color:#000000;">8 </td> <td style="background:#E0E0FF;color:#000000;border-left-width:medium">48 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Average sea temperature °F (°C) </th> <td style="background:#0d0dff; color:#fff;">33.6 (0.9) </td> <td style="background:#0606ff; color:#fff;">32.7 (0.4) </td> <td style="background:#0c0cff; color:#fff;">33.4 (0.8) </td> <td style="background:#4040ff; color:#fff;">39.7 (4.3) </td> <td style="background:#8d8dff; color:#000;">48.9 (9.4) </td> <td style="background:#fff1c3; color:#000;">63.9 (17.7) </td> <td style="background:#ff7b00; color:#000;">74.7 (23.7) </td> <td style="background:#ff7300; color:#000;">75.4 (24.1) </td> <td style="background:#ffa800; color:#000;">70.5 (21.4) </td> <td style="background:#ebebff; color:#000;">60.3 (15.7) </td> <td style="background:#8a8aff; color:#000;">48.6 (9.2) </td> <td style="background:#3232ff; color:#fff;">38.1 (3.4) </td> <td style="background:#a3a3ff; color:#000; border-left-width:medium;">51.7 (10.9) </td></tr> <tr> <th>Mean daily daylight hours </th> <td style="background:#e9e900; color:#000;">9.0 </td> <td style="background:#f7f722; color:#000;">11.0 </td> <td style="background:#ff3; color:#000;">12.0 </td> <td style="background:#ff4; color:#000;">13.0 </td> <td style="background:#ff6; color:#000;">15.0 </td> <td style="background:#ff6; color:#000;">15.0 </td> <td style="background:#ff6; color:#000;">15.0 </td> <td style="background:#ff5; color:#000;">14.0 </td> <td style="background:#ff3; color:#000;">12.0 </td> <td style="background:#f7f722; color:#000;">11.0 </td> <td style="background:#f0f011; color:#000;">10.0 </td> <td style="background:#e9e900; color:#000;">9.0 </td> <td style="background:#ffff35; color:#000; border-left-width:medium;">12.2 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Average <a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet_index" title="Ultraviolet index">Ultraviolet index</a> </th> <td style="background:#289500; color:#000;">1 </td> <td style="background:#289500; color:#000;">2 </td> <td style="background:#f7e400; color:#000;">4 </td> <td style="background:#f85900; color:#000;">6 </td> <td style="background:#f85900; color:#000;">7 </td> <td style="background:#d8001d; color:#000;">8 </td> <td style="background:#d8001d; color:#000;">9 </td> <td style="background:#d8001d; color:#000;">8 </td> <td style="background:#f85900; color:#000;">6 </td> <td style="background:#f7e400; color:#000;">4 </td> <td style="background:#289500; color:#000;">2 </td> <td style="background:#289500; color:#000;">1 </td> <td style="background:#f7e400; color:#000; border-left-width:medium;">4.8 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="14" style="background:#f8f9fa;font-weight:normal;font-size:95%;">Source 1: NWS (1991–2020)<a href="#cite_note-NWS-161">[159]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="14" style="background:#f8f9fa;font-weight:normal;font-size:95%;">Source 2 : Weather Atlas (daylight-UV-water temperature) <a href="#cite_note-Weather_Atlas-162">[160]</a> </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Detroit&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Demographics">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Detroit_City_population_pyramid_in_2021.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Detroit_City_population_pyramid_in_2021.svg/220px-Detroit_City_population_pyramid_in_2021.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Detroit_City_population_pyramid_in_2021.svg/330px-Detroit_City_population_pyramid_in_2021.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Detroit_City_population_pyramid_in_2021.svg/440px-Detroit_City_population_pyramid_in_2021.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2693" data-file-height="2057" /></a><figcaption>Population pyramid of Detroit in 2021</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224496135">.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop{border-spacing:1px;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:0.3em;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop caption{background-color:lavender;color:black;padding-right:0.2em;padding-left:0.2em;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-bottom:none}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop th[scope=col]{border-bottom:1px solid black}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(2){text-align:right;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td.us-census-pop-estimate{padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(3){padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(4){padding-left:0.5em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-footnote{border-top:1px solid black;font-size:85%;text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-right{float:right;clear:right;margin:0 0 1em 1em}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-none{float:none;margin:0 1em 1em 0}}</style> <table class="us-census-pop us-census-pop-right"> <caption>Historical population</caption> <tbody><tr><th scope="col">Census</th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr></th><th scope="col"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1152813436">.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap}</style>Note</th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Percent change">%±</abbr></th></tr> <tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1820_United_States_census" title="1820 United States census">1820</a></th><td>1,422</td><td></td><td>—</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1830_United_States_census" title="1830 United States census">1830</a></th><td>2,222</td><td></td><td>56.3%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1840_United_States_census" title="1840 United States census">1840</a></th><td>9,102</td><td></td><td>309.6%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1850_United_States_census" title="1850 United States census">1850</a></th><td>21,019</td><td></td><td>130.9%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1860_United_States_census" title="1860 United States census">1860</a></th><td>45,619</td><td></td><td>117.0%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1870_United_States_census" title="1870 United States census">1870</a></th><td>79,577</td><td></td><td>74.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1880_United_States_census" title="1880 United States census">1880</a></th><td>116,340</td><td></td><td>46.2%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1890_United_States_census" title="1890 United States census">1890</a></th><td>205,876</td><td></td><td>77.0%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1900_United_States_census" title="1900 United States census">1900</a></th><td>285,704</td><td></td><td>38.8%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1910_United_States_census" title="1910 United States census">1910</a></th><td>465,766</td><td></td><td>63.0%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_census" title="1920 United States census">1920</a></th><td>993,678</td><td></td><td>113.3%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1930_United_States_census" title="1930 United States census">1930</a></th><td>1,568,662</td><td></td><td>57.9%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_census" title="1940 United States census">1940</a></th><td>1,623,452</td><td></td><td>3.5%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1950_United_States_census" title="1950 United States census">1950</a></th><td>1,849,568</td><td></td><td>13.9%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_census" title="1960 United States census">1960</a></th><td>1,670,144</td><td></td><td>−9.7%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1970_United_States_census" title="1970 United States census">1970</a></th><td>1,511,482</td><td></td><td>−9.5%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_census" title="1980 United States census">1980</a></th><td>1,203,368</td><td></td><td>−20.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1990_United_States_census" title="1990 United States census">1990</a></th><td>1,027,974</td><td></td><td>−14.6%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_census" title="2000 United States census">2000</a></th><td>951,270</td><td></td><td>−7.5%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_census" title="2010 United States census">2010</a></th><td>713,777</td><td></td><td>−25.0%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020</a></th><td>639,111</td><td></td><td>−10.5%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">2023 (est.)</th><td class="us-census-pop-estimate">633,218</td><td><a href="#cite_note-USCensusEst2023-4">[4]</a></td><td>−0.9%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" class="us-census-pop-footnote" style="text-align: center">U.S. Decennial Census<a href="#cite_note-DecennialCensus-163">[161]</a> 2010–2020<a href="#cite_note-QuickFacts-9">[9]</a></td></tr> </tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Demographic_history_of_Detroit" title="Demographic history of Detroit">Demographic history of Detroit</a> and <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Metro_Detroit" title="Demographics of Metro Detroit">Demographics of Metro Detroit</a></div> In the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020 United States Census</a>, the city had 639,111 residents, ranking it the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_cities_by_population" title="List of United States cities by population">27th most populous city</a> in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-CensusCity-164">[162]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYT_Census-165">[163]</a> Of the large <a href="/wiki/Shrinking_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Shrinking cities">shrinking cities</a> in the United States, Detroit has had the most dramatic decline in the population of the past 70 years (down 1,210,457) and the second-largest percentage decline (down 65.4%). While the drop in Detroit's population has been ongoing since 1950, the most dramatic period was the significant 25% decline between the <a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2000 United States Census">2000</a> and 2010 Census.<a href="#cite_note-NYT_Census-165">[163]</a><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ethnic_Origins_in_Detroit.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ethnic_Origins_in_Detroit.png/220px-Ethnic_Origins_in_Detroit.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ethnic_Origins_in_Detroit.png/330px-Ethnic_Origins_in_Detroit.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ethnic_Origins_in_Detroit.png/440px-Ethnic_Origins_in_Detroit.png 2x" data-file-width="7000" data-file-height="4543" /></a><figcaption>Ethnic origins in Detroit</figcaption></figure>Detroit's 639,111 residents represent 269,445 households, and 162,924 families residing in the city. The population density was 5,144.3 people per square mile (1,986.2 people/km2). There were 349,170 housing units at an average density of 2,516.5 units per square mile (971.6 units/km2). Of the 269,445 households, 34.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 21.5% were married couples living together, 31.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 39.5% were non-families, 34.0% were made up of individuals, and 3.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.59, and the average family size was 3.36. There was a wide distribution of age in the city, with 31.1% under the age of 18, 9.7% from 18 to 24, 29.5% from 25 to 44, 19.3% from 45 to 64, and 10.4% 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.5 males. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Detroit&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Religion">edit</a>]</div> According to a 2014 study, 67% of the population of the city identified themselves as <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christians</a>, with 49% professing attendance at <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a> churches, and 16% professing <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> beliefs,<a href="#cite_note-166">[164]</a><a href="#cite_note-167">[165]</a> while 24% claim <a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">no religious affiliation</a>. Other religions collectively make up about 8% of the population. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Income_and_employment">Income and employment</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Detroit&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Income and employment">edit</a>]</div> The loss of industrial and working-class jobs in the city has resulted in high rates of poverty and associated problems.<a href="#cite_note-time-168">[166]</a> From 2000 to 2009, the city's estimated median household income fell from $29,526 to $26,098.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] As of 2010<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Detroit&action=edit">[update]</a>, the mean income of Detroit is below the overall U.S. average by several thousand dollars. Of every three Detroit residents, one lives in poverty. Luke Bergmann, author of Getting Ghost: Two Young Lives and the Struggle for the Soul of an American City, said in 2010, "Detroit is now one of the poorest big cities in the country".<a href="#cite_note-169">[167]</a> In the 2018 <a href="/wiki/American_Community_Survey" title="American Community Survey">American Community Survey</a>, median household income in the city was $31,283, compared with the median for Michigan of $56,697.<a href="#cite_note-170">[168]</a> The median income for a family was $36,842, well below the state median of $72,036.<a href="#cite_note-171">[169]</a> 33.4% of families had income at or below the federally defined poverty level. Out of the total population, 47.3% of those under the age of 18 and 21.0% of those 65 and older had income at or below the federally defined poverty line.<a href="#cite_note-172">[170]</a> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right style="> <caption>Median income in Detroit (as of July 1, 2019)<a href="#cite_note-173">[171]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Area </th> <th>Number of house- holds </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Household_income_in_the_United_States#Median_income" title="Household income in the United States">Median House- hold Income</a> </th> <th>Per Capita Income </th> <th>Percent- age in poverty </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Detroit_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Detroit City">Detroit City</a> </td> <td>263,688 </td> <td>$30,894 (<img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />) </td> <td>$18,621 (<img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />) </td> <td>35.0% (<img alt="Positive decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/11px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/17px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/22px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />) </td></tr> <tr style="background:whitesmoke;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Wayne_County,_MI" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayne County, MI">Wayne County, MI</a> </td> <td>682,282 </td> <td>$47,301 </td> <td>$27,282 </td> <td>19.8% </td></tr> <tr style="background:lightgrey;"> <td>United States </td> <td>120,756,048 </td> <td>$62,843 </td> <td>$34,103 </td> <td>11.4% </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Race_and_ethnicity">Race and ethnicity</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Detroit&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Race and ethnicity">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Metro_Detroit" title="Ethnic groups in Metro Detroit">Ethnic groups in Metro Detroit</a></div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsed collapsible" style="font-size: 90%"> <tbody><tr> <th>Historical Racial Composition </th> <th>2020<a href="#cite_note-auto1-174">[172]</a> </th> <th>2010<a href="#cite_note-175">[173]</a> </th> <th>1990<a href="#cite_note-census1-55">[55]</a> </th> <th>1970<a href="#cite_note-census1-55">[55]</a> </th> <th>1950<a href="#cite_note-census1-55">[55]</a> </th> <th>1940<a href="#cite_note-census1-55">[55]</a> </th> <th>1930<a href="#cite_note-census1-55">[55]</a> </th> <th>1920<a href="#cite_note-census1-55">[55]</a> </th> <th>1910<a href="#cite_note-census1-55">[55]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/White_American" class="mw-redirect" title="White American">White</a></td> <td>14.7%</td> <td>10.6%</td> <td>21.6%</td> <td>55.5%</td> <td>83.6%</td> <td>90.7%</td> <td>92.2%</td> <td>95.8%</td> <td>98.7% </td></tr> <tr> <td> —Non-Hispanic</td> <td>10.1%</td> <td>7.8%</td> <td>20.7%</td> <td>54.0%<a href="#cite_note-fifteen-176">[c]</a></td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td>90.4%</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/African_American" class="mw-redirect" title="African American">Black or African American</a></td> <td>77.7%</td> <td>82.7%</td> <td>75.7%</td> <td>43.7%</td> <td>16.2%</td> <td>9.2%</td> <td>7.7%</td> <td>4.1%</td> <td>1.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic or Latino</a> (of any race)</td> <td>8.0%</td> <td>6.8%</td> <td>2.8%</td> <td>1.8%<a href="#cite_note-fifteen-176">[c]</a></td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td>0.3%</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Asian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian American">Asian</a></td> <td>1.6%</td> <td>1.1%</td> <td>0.8%</td> <td>0.3%</td> <td>0.1%</td> <td>0.1%</td> <td>0.1%</td> <td>0.1%</td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <caption>Detroit, Michigan – Racial and ethnic composition <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race. </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) </th> <th>Pop 1960<a href="#cite_note-177">[174]</a> </th> <th>Pop 1970<a href="#cite_note-178">[175]</a> </th> <th>Pop 1980<a href="#cite_note-179">[176]</a> </th> <th>Pop 1990<a href="#cite_note-180">[177]</a> </th> <th>Pop 2000<a href="#cite_note-2000CensusP004-181">[178]</a> </th> <th>Pop 2010<a href="#cite_note-2010CensusP2-182">[179]</a> </th> <th style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">Pop 2020<a href="#cite_note-2020CensusP2-183">[180]</a> </th> <th>% 1960 </th> <th>% 1970 </th> <th>% 1980 </th> <th>% 1990 </th> <th>% 2000 </th> <th>% 2010 </th> <th style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">% 2020 </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_or_Latino_whites" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Hispanic or Latino whites">White</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>1,182,970 </td> <td>838,877 </td> <td>402,077 </td> <td>212,278 </td> <td>99,921 </td> <td>55,604 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">60,770 </td> <td>70.83% </td> <td>55.50% </td> <td>33.41% </td> <td>20.65% </td> <td>10.50% </td> <td>7.79% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">10.10% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_or_Latino_African_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Hispanic or Latino African Americans">Black or African American</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>482,223 </td> <td>660,428 </td> <td>754,274 </td> <td>774,529 </td> <td>771,966 </td> <td>586,573 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">493,212 </td> <td>28.87% </td> <td>43.69% </td> <td>62.68% </td> <td>75.35% </td> <td>81.15% </td> <td>82.18% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">77.17% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a> or <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Native" class="mw-redirect" title="Alaska Native">Alaska Native</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>3,420 </td> <td>3,305 </td> <td>2,572 </td> <td>1,927 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">1,399 </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>0.28% </td> <td>0.32% </td> <td>0.27% </td> <td>0.27% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">0.22% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans" title="Asian Americans">Asian</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>4,206 </td> <td>7,392 </td> <td>6,353 </td> <td>8,085 </td> <td>9,135 </td> <td>7,436 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">10,085 </td> <td>0.25% </td> <td>0.49% </td> <td>0.53% </td> <td>0.79% </td> <td>0.96% </td> <td>1.04% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">1.58% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander_Americans" title="Pacific Islander Americans">Pacific Islander</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>268 </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>169 </td> <td>82 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">111 </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>0.02% </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>0.02% </td> <td>0.01% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">0.02% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_census" title="Race and ethnicity in the United States census">Some Other Race</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>745 </td> <td>4,785 </td> <td>8,006 </td> <td>1,304 </td> <td>1,676 </td> <td>994 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">3,066 </td> <td>0.04% </td> <td>0.32% </td> <td>0.67% </td> <td>0.13% </td> <td>0.18% </td> <td>0.14% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">0.48% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Multiracial_Americans" title="Multiracial Americans">Mixed Race or Multi-Racial</a> (NH) </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>18,664 </td> <td>12,482 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">19,199 </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>1.96% </td> <td>1.75% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">3.00% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic or Latino</a> (any race) </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>28,970 </td> <td>28,473 </td> <td>47,167 </td> <td>48,679 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">51,269 </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>2.41% </td> <td>2.77% </td> <td>4.96% </td> <td>6.82% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">8.02% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Total </td> <td>1,670,144 </td> <td>1,511,482 </td> <td>1,203,368 </td> <td>1,027,974 </td> <td>951,270 </td> <td>713,777 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">639,111 </td> <td>100.00% </td> <td>100.00% </td> <td>100.00% </td> <td>100.00% </td> <td>100.00% </td> <td>100.00% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">100.00% </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FischerDetroit2010Census.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/FischerDetroit2010Census.png/220px-FischerDetroit2010Census.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/FischerDetroit2010Census.png/330px-FischerDetroit2010Census.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/FischerDetroit2010Census.png/440px-FischerDetroit2010Census.png 2x" data-file-width="3009" data-file-height="3009" /></a><figcaption>Map of racial distribution in Detroit, 2010 U.S. Census. Each dot is 25 people: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style>⬤ White <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">⬤ Black <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">⬤ Asian <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">⬤ Hispanic <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">⬤ Other</figcaption></figure> Beginning with the rise of the automobile industry, Detroit's population increased more than sixfold during the first half of the 20th century as an influx of European, Middle Eastern (<a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Americans" title="Lebanese Americans">Lebanese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Assyrian_Americans" title="Assyrian Americans">Assyrian/Chaldean</a>), and Southern migrants brought their families to the city.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-184">[181]</a> With this economic boom following World War I, the African American population grew from a mere 6,000 in 1910<a href="#cite_note-185">[182]</a> to more than 120,000 by 1930.<a href="#cite_note-186">[183]</a> Perhaps one of the most overt examples of neighborhood discrimination occurred in 1925 when African American physician <a href="/wiki/Ossian_Sweet" title="Ossian Sweet">Ossian Sweet</a> found his home surrounded by an angry mob of his hostile white neighbors violently protesting his new move into a traditionally white neighborhood. Sweet and ten of his family members and friends were put on trial for murder as one of the mob members throwing rocks at the newly purchased house was shot and killed by someone firing out of a second-floor window.<a href="#cite_note-187">[184]</a> Detroit has a relatively large Mexican-American population. In the early 20th century, thousands of Mexicans came to Detroit to work in agricultural, automotive, and steel jobs. During the <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Repatriation" title="Mexican Repatriation">Mexican Repatriation</a> of the 1930s many Mexicans in Detroit were willingly repatriated or forced to repatriate. By the 1940s much of the Mexican community began to settle what is now <a href="/wiki/Mexicantown,_Detroit" title="Mexicantown, Detroit">Mexicantown</a>.<a href="#cite_note-188">[185]</a> Immigration from <a href="/wiki/Jalisco" title="Jalisco">Jalisco</a> significantly increased the Latino population in the 1990s. By 2010 Detroit had 48,679 Hispanics, including 36,452 Mexicans: a 70% increase from 1990.<a href="#cite_note-Denvir-189">[186]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DetroitGreektown.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/DetroitGreektown.jpg/220px-DetroitGreektown.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/DetroitGreektown.jpg/330px-DetroitGreektown.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/DetroitGreektown.jpg/440px-DetroitGreektown.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2551" data-file-height="1901" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Greektown_Historic_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Greektown Historic District">Greektown Historic District</a> in Detroit</figcaption></figure> After World War II, many people from <a href="/wiki/Appalachia" title="Appalachia">Appalachia</a> also settled in Detroit. Appalachians formed communities and their children acquired southern accents.<a href="#cite_note-190">[187]</a> Many Lithuanians also settled in Detroit during the World War II era, especially on the city's Southwest side in the <a href="/wiki/West_Vernor-Junction_Historic_District" class="mw-redirect" title="West Vernor-Junction Historic District">West Vernor</a> area,<a href="#cite_note-191">[188]</a> where the renovated Lithuanian Hall reopened in 2006.<a href="#cite_note-192">[189]</a><a href="#cite_note-193">[190]</a> While African Americans previously[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">when?</a>] comprised only 13% of Michigan's population, by 2010 they made up nearly 82% of Detroit's population. The next largest population groups were white people, at 10%, and Hispanics, at 6%.<a href="#cite_note-194">[191]</a> In 2001, 103,000 Jews, or about 1.9% of the population, were living in the Detroit area.<a href="#cite_note-195">[192]</a> According to the 2010 census, segregation in Detroit has decreased in absolute and relative terms and in the first decade of the 21st century, about two-thirds of the total black population in the metropolitan area resided within the city limits of Detroit.<a href="#cite_note-Wisely-196">[193]</a><a href="#cite_note-197">[194]</a> The number of integrated neighborhoods increased from 100 in 2000 to 204 in 2010. Detroit also moved down the ranking from number one most segregated city to number four.<a href="#cite_note-Wilkinson-198">[195]</a> A 2011 op-ed in <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> attributed the decreased segregation rating to the overall exodus from the city, cautioning that these areas may soon become more segregated. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chaldean_Sacred_Heart_Church_%26_Chaldean_Center_of_America.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Chaldean_Sacred_Heart_Church_%26_Chaldean_Center_of_America.JPG/220px-Chaldean_Sacred_Heart_Church_%26_Chaldean_Center_of_America.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Chaldean_Sacred_Heart_Church_%26_Chaldean_Center_of_America.JPG/330px-Chaldean_Sacred_Heart_Church_%26_Chaldean_Center_of_America.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Chaldean_Sacred_Heart_Church_%26_Chaldean_Center_of_America.JPG/440px-Chaldean_Sacred_Heart_Church_%26_Chaldean_Center_of_America.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4912" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Chaldean_Town" title="Chaldean Town">Chaldean Town</a>, a historically <a href="/wiki/Chaldean_Catholics" title="Chaldean Catholics">Chaldean</a> neighborhood in Detroit</figcaption></figure> As of 2002, Detroit's percentage of Asians was 1%.<a href="#cite_note-MetzgerBoozap8-199">[196]</a> There are four areas in Detroit with significant Asian and Asian American populations. Northeast Detroit has a large population of <a href="/wiki/Hmong_Americans" title="Hmong Americans">Hmong</a><a href="#cite_note-Chou-200">[197]</a> with a smaller group of <a href="/wiki/Laotian_Americans" title="Laotian Americans">Lao</a> people. A portion of Detroit next to eastern <a href="/wiki/Hamtramck,_Michigan" title="Hamtramck, Michigan">Hamtramck</a> includes <a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_Americans" title="Bangladeshi Americans">Bangladeshi Americans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_Americans" title="Indian Americans">Indian Americans</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pakistani_Americans" title="Pakistani Americans">Pakistani Americans</a>; nearly all of the Bangladeshi population in Detroit lives in that area. The area north of downtown has transient Asian national origin residents who are university students or hospital workers. Few of them have permanent residency after schooling ends. They are mostly Chinese and Indian but the population also includes Filipinos, Koreans, and Pakistanis. In Southwest Detroit and western Detroit there are smaller, scattered Asian communities.<a href="#cite_note-MetzgerBoozap8-199">[196]</a><a href="#cite_note-Archambault-201">[198]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crime">Crime</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Detroit&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Crime">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Detroit" title="Crime in Detroit">Crime in Detroit</a> and <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Police_Department" title="Detroit Police Department">Detroit Police Department</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="white-space: nowrap; background-color:#660000;color:white;padding:.2em;">Detroit</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="white-space: nowrap; background-color:#CCCCCC;color:#000000;">Crime rates* (2019)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="white-space: nowrap; background-color:#CCCCCC;color:#000000;">Violent crimes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Homicide" title="Homicide">Homicide</a></th><td class="infobox-data">41.4 <img alt="Positive decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/11px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/17px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/22px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Rape" title="Rape">Rape</a></th><td class="infobox-data">143.4 <img alt="Negative increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/11px-Increase_Negative.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/17px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/22px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Robbery" title="Robbery">Robbery</a></th><td class="infobox-data">353.3 <img alt="Positive decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/11px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/17px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/22px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Aggravated_assault" class="mw-redirect" title="Aggravated assault">Aggravated assault</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1,425.8 <img alt="Negative increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/11px-Increase_Negative.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/17px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/22px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Violent_crime" title="Violent crime">Total violent crime</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1,965.3</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="white-space: nowrap; background-color:#CCCCCC;color:#000000;">Property crimes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Burglary" title="Burglary">Burglary</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1,027.1 <img alt="Positive decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/11px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/17px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/22px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Larceny-theft" class="mw-redirect" title="Larceny-theft">Larceny-theft</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2,235.5 <img alt="Negative increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/11px-Increase_Negative.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/17px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/22px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Motor_vehicle_theft" title="Motor vehicle theft">Motor vehicle theft</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1,037.0 <img alt="Negative increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/11px-Increase_Negative.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/17px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/22px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Property_crime" title="Property crime">Total property crime</a></th><td class="infobox-data">4,299.7</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa; font-size:88%;"><div style="float: left;">Notes</div> <div style="float: left;">*Number of reported crimes per 100,000 population.</div> <div style="float: left;"></div> Source: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ucr.fbi.gov/crime-in-the-u.s/2019/crime-in-the-u.s.-2019/topic-pages/tables/table-6">FBI 2019 UCR data</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Detroit has gained notoriety for its high amount of crime, having struggled with it for decades. The number of homicides in 1974 was 714.<a href="#cite_note-202">[199]</a><a href="#cite_note-203">[200]</a> The homicide rate in 2022 was the third highest in the nation at 50.0 per 100,000.<a href="#cite_note-204">[201]</a> Downtown typically has lower crime than national and state averages.<a href="#cite_note-MIC-205">[202]</a> According to a 2007 analysis, Detroit officials note about 65 to 70 percent of homicides in the city were drug related,<a href="#cite_note-analysis-206">[203]</a> with the rate of unsolved murders roughly 70%.<a href="#cite_note-time-168">[166]</a> Although the rate of violent crime dropped 11% in 2008,<a href="#cite_note-207">[204]</a> violent crime in Detroit has not declined as much as the national average from 2007 to 2011.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated5-208">[205]</a> The violent crime rate is one of the highest in the United States. Neighborhoodscout.com reported a crime rate of 62.18 per 1,000 residents for property crimes, and 16.73 per 1,000 for violent crimes (compared to national figures of 32 per 1,000 for property crimes and 5 per 1,000 for violent crime in 2008).<a href="#cite_note-Detroit_crime_rates_and_statistics-209">[206]</a> In 2012, crime in the city was among the reasons for more expensive car insurance.<a href="#cite_note-car_insurance-210">[207]</a> Areas of the city adjacent to the Detroit River are also patrolled by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Border_Patrol" title="United States Border Patrol">United States Border Patrol</a>.<a href="#cite_note-211">[208]</a> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Detroit&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Economy">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_metropolitan_Detroit" title="Economy of metropolitan Detroit">Economy of metropolitan Detroit</a> and <a href="/wiki/Planning_and_development_in_Detroit" title="Planning and development in Detroit">Planning and development in Detroit</a></div> <table class="wikitable" style="float:right; font-size:90%; text-align:center; margin-left:1em;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:tan;">Top city employers as of 2014 Source: <a href="/wiki/Crain%27s_Detroit_Business" class="mw-redirect" title="Crain's Detroit Business">Crain's Detroit Business</a><a href="#cite_note-cdb2013-212">[209]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Rank</th> <th>Company or organization</th> <th># </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Detroit_Medical_Center" title="Detroit Medical Center">Detroit Medical Center</a> </td> <td>11,497 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>City of Detroit </td> <td>9,591 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Quicken_Loans" class="mw-redirect" title="Quicken Loans">Rocket Mortgage</a> </td> <td>9,192 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Henry_Ford_Health_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Ford Health System">Henry Ford Health System</a> </td> <td>8,807 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Detroit_Public_Schools" class="mw-redirect" title="Detroit Public Schools">Detroit Public Schools</a> </td> <td>6,586 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">U.S. Government</a> </td> <td>6,308 </td></tr> <tr> <td>7 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wayne_State_University" title="Wayne State University">Wayne State University</a> </td> <td>6,023 </td></tr> <tr> <td>8 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chrysler" title="Chrysler">Chrysler</a> </td> <td>5,426 </td></tr> <tr> <td>9 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Blue_Cross_Blue_Shield_of_Michigan" title="Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan">Blue Cross Blue Shield</a> </td> <td>5,415 </td></tr> <tr> <td>10 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors">General Motors</a> </td> <td>4,327 </td></tr> <tr> <td>11 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">State of Michigan</a> </td> <td>3,911 </td></tr> <tr> <td>12 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/DTE_Energy" title="DTE Energy">DTE Energy</a> </td> <td>3,700 </td></tr> <tr> <td>13 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/St._John_Providence_Health_System" class="mw-redirect" title="St. John Providence Health System">St. John Providence Health System</a> </td> <td>3,566 </td></tr> <tr> <td>14 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Postal_Service" title="United States Postal Service">U.S. Postal Service</a> </td> <td>2,643 </td></tr> <tr> <td>15 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wayne_County,_Michigan" title="Wayne County, Michigan">Wayne County</a> </td> <td>2,566 </td></tr> <tr> <td>16 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/MGM_Grand_Detroit" title="MGM Grand Detroit">MGM Grand Detroit</a> </td> <td>2,551 </td></tr> <tr> <td>17 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/MotorCity_Casino" class="mw-redirect" title="MotorCity Casino">MotorCity Casino</a> </td> <td>1,973 </td></tr> <tr> <td>18 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Compuware" title="Compuware">Compuware</a> </td> <td>1,912 </td></tr> <tr> <td>19 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Detroit_Diesel" title="Detroit Diesel">Detroit Diesel</a> </td> <td>1,685 </td></tr> <tr> <td>20 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Greektown_Casino" class="mw-redirect" title="Greektown Casino">Greektown Casino</a> </td> <td>1,521 </td></tr> <tr> <td>21 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Comerica" title="Comerica">Comerica</a> </td> <td>1,194 </td></tr> <tr> <td>22 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Deloitte" title="Deloitte">Deloitte</a> </td> <td>942 </td></tr> <tr> <td>23 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Johnson_Controls" title="Johnson Controls">Johnson Controls</a> </td> <td>760 </td></tr> <tr> <td>24 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/PwC" title="PwC">PwC</a> </td> <td>756 </td></tr> <tr> <td>25 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ally_Financial" title="Ally Financial">Ally Financial</a> </td> <td>715 </td></tr> </tbody></table> Several major corporations are based in the city, including three Fortune 500 companies. The most heavily represented sectors are manufacturing (particularly automotive), finance, technology, and health care. The most significant companies based in Detroit include <a href="/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors">General Motors</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rocket_Mortgage" title="Rocket Mortgage">Rocket Mortgage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ally_Financial" title="Ally Financial">Ally Financial</a>, <a href="/wiki/Compuware" title="Compuware">Compuware</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shinola_Detroit" class="mw-redirect" title="Shinola Detroit">Shinola</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_Axle" title="American Axle">American Axle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Little_Caesars" title="Little Caesars">Little Caesars</a>, <a href="/wiki/DTE_Energy" title="DTE Energy">DTE Energy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lowe_Campbell_Ewald" class="mw-redirect" title="Lowe Campbell Ewald">Lowe Campbell Ewald</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blue_Cross_Blue_Shield_of_Michigan" title="Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan">Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rossetti_Architects" title="Rossetti Architects">Rossetti Architects</a>. About 80,500 people work in downtown Detroit, comprising one-fifth of the city's employment base.<a href="#cite_note-Marketprofile-213">[210]</a><a href="#cite_note-214">[211]</a> Aside from the numerous Detroit-based companies listed above, downtown contains large offices for <a href="/wiki/Comerica" title="Comerica">Comerica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chrysler" title="Chrysler">Chrysler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fifth_Third_Bank" title="Fifth Third Bank">Fifth Third Bank</a>, <a href="/wiki/HP_Enterprise_Services" class="mw-redirect" title="HP Enterprise Services">HP Enterprise</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deloitte" title="Deloitte">Deloitte</a>, <a href="/wiki/PricewaterhouseCoopers" class="mw-redirect" title="PricewaterhouseCoopers">PricewaterhouseCoopers</a>, <a href="/wiki/KPMG" title="KPMG">KPMG</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ernst_%26_Young" title="Ernst & Young">Ernst & Young</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford Motor Company</a> is in the adjacent city of <a href="/wiki/Dearborn,_Michigan" title="Dearborn, Michigan">Dearborn</a>.<a href="#cite_note-215">[212]</a> Thousands more employees work in Midtown, north of the central business district. Midtown's anchors are the city's largest single employer <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Medical_Center" title="Detroit Medical Center">Detroit Medical Center</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wayne_State_University" title="Wayne State University">Wayne State University</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Henry_Ford_Health_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Ford Health System">Henry Ford Health System</a> in New Center. Midtown is also home to watchmaker <a href="/wiki/Shinola_(retail_company)" title="Shinola (retail company)">Shinola</a> and an array of small and <a href="/wiki/Startup_company" title="Startup company">startup</a> companies. <a href="/wiki/New_Center,_Detroit" title="New Center, Detroit">New Center</a> bases <a href="/wiki/TechTown" title="TechTown">TechTown</a>, a research and business incubator hub that is part of the Wayne State University system.<a href="#cite_note-216">[213]</a> Like downtown, <a href="/wiki/Corktown,_Detroit" title="Corktown, Detroit">Corktown</a> Is experiencing growth with the new Ford Corktown Campus under development.<a href="#cite_note-217">[214]</a><a href="#cite_note-218">[215]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1stNationalBldgingdetroit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/1stNationalBldgingdetroit.jpg/220px-1stNationalBldgingdetroit.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/1stNationalBldgingdetroit.jpg/330px-1stNationalBldgingdetroit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/1stNationalBldgingdetroit.jpg/440px-1stNationalBldgingdetroit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2551" data-file-height="1901" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/First_National_Building" title="First National Building">First National Building</a>, an A-class office center within the <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Financial_District" title="Detroit Financial District">Detroit Financial District</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:American_Courage.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/American_Courage.jpg/220px-American_Courage.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/American_Courage.jpg/330px-American_Courage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/American_Courage.jpg/440px-American_Courage.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>The Detroit River is one of the busiest straits in the world. <a href="/wiki/Lake_freighter" title="Lake freighter">Lake freighter</a> <a href="/wiki/MV_American_Courage" title="MV American Courage">MV American Courage</a> passing the strait. </figcaption></figure> Many downtown employers are relatively new, as there has been a marked trend of companies moving from satellite suburbs into the downtown core.<a href="#cite_note-219">[216]</a> Compuware completed its <a href="/wiki/One_Campus_Martius" title="One Campus Martius">world headquarters</a> in downtown in 2003. <a href="/wiki/OnStar" title="OnStar">OnStar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blue_Cross_Blue_Shield_of_Michigan" title="Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan">Blue Cross Blue Shield</a>, and <a href="/wiki/HP_Enterprise_Services" class="mw-redirect" title="HP Enterprise Services">HP Enterprise Services</a> are at the Renaissance Center. <a href="/wiki/PricewaterhouseCoopers" class="mw-redirect" title="PricewaterhouseCoopers">PricewaterhouseCoopers</a> Plaza offices are adjacent to <a href="/wiki/Ford_Field" title="Ford Field">Ford Field</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ernst_%26_Young" title="Ernst & Young">Ernst & Young</a> completed its office building at <a href="/wiki/One_Kennedy_Square" title="One Kennedy Square">One Kennedy Square</a> in 2006. Perhaps most prominently, in 2010, Quicken Loans, one of the largest mortgage lenders, relocated its world headquarters and 4,000 employees to downtown Detroit, consolidating its suburban offices.<a href="#cite_note-Howes-220">[217]</a> In July 2012, the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office opened its Elijah J. McCoy Satellite Office in the Rivertown/Warehouse District as its first location outside <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>'s metropolitan area.<a href="#cite_note-221">[218]</a> In April 2014, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Labor" title="United States Department of Labor">United States Department of Labor</a> reported the city's unemployment rate at 14.5%.<a href="#cite_note-MILMI2-222">[219]</a> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Distribution_of_Detroit%27s_Economy.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Distribution_of_Detroit%27s_Economy.svg/200px-Distribution_of_Detroit%27s_Economy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Distribution_of_Detroit%27s_Economy.svg/300px-Distribution_of_Detroit%27s_Economy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Distribution_of_Detroit%27s_Economy.svg/400px-Distribution_of_Detroit%27s_Economy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="290" data-file-height="290" /></a><figcaption> Labor force distribution in Detroit by category: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Construction</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Manufacturing</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Trade, transportation, utilities</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Information</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Finance</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Professional and business services</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Education and health services</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Leisure and hospitality</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Other services</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Government</div></figcaption></figure> The city of Detroit and other <a href="/wiki/Public%E2%80%93private_partnership" title="Public–private partnership">public–private partnerships</a> have attempted to catalyze the region's growth by facilitating the building and historical rehabilitation of residential high-rises in the downtown, creating a zone that offers many business tax incentives, creating recreational spaces such as the Detroit RiverWalk, <a href="/wiki/Campus_Martius_Park" title="Campus Martius Park">Campus Martius Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dequindre_Cut" title="Dequindre Cut">Dequindre Cut</a> Greenway, and Green Alleys in Midtown. The city has cleared sections of land while retaining some historically significant vacant buildings in order to spur redevelopment;<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated3-223">[220]</a> even though it has struggled with finances, the city issued bonds in 2008 to provide funding for ongoing work to demolish blighted properties.<a href="#cite_note-NextDetroit-143">[143]</a> Two years earlier, downtown reported $1.3 billion in restorations and new developments which increased the number of construction jobs in the city.<a href="#cite_note-partnership-80">[80]</a> In the decade prior to 2006, downtown gained more than $15 billion in new investment from private and public sectors.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-224">[221]</a> Despite the city's recent financial issues, many developers remain unfazed by Detroit's problems.<a href="#cite_note-225">[222]</a> Midtown is one of the most successful areas within Detroit to have a residential occupancy rate of 96%.<a href="#cite_note-226">[223]</a> Numerous developments have been recently completed or are in various stages of construction. These include the $82 million reconstruction of downtown's <a href="/wiki/David_Whitney_Building" title="David Whitney Building">David Whitney Building</a> (now an <a href="/wiki/Aloft_Hotel" class="mw-redirect" title="Aloft Hotel">Aloft Hotel</a> and luxury residences), the Woodward Garden Block Development in Midtown, the residential conversion of the <a href="/wiki/David_Broderick_Tower" title="David Broderick Tower">David Broderick Tower</a> in downtown, the rehabilitation of the <a href="/wiki/Book_Cadillac_Hotel" class="mw-redirect" title="Book Cadillac Hotel">Book Cadillac Hotel</a> (now a Westin and luxury condos) and <a href="/wiki/Fort_Shelby_Hotel" title="Fort Shelby Hotel">Fort Shelby Hotel</a> (now Doubletree) also in downtown, and various smaller projects.<a href="#cite_note-227">[224]</a><a href="#cite_note-partnership-80">[80]</a> Downtown's population of young professionals is growing, and retail is expanding.<a href="#cite_note-Detroitres-228">[225]</a><a href="#cite_note-229">[226]</a> A study in 2007 found out that Downtown's new residents are predominantly young professionals (57% are ages 25 to 34, 45% have bachelor's degrees, and 34% have a master's or professional degree),<a href="#cite_note-Marketprofile-213">[210]</a><a href="#cite_note-Detroitres-228">[225]</a><a href="#cite_note-Detroitstudy-230">[227]</a> a trend which has hastened over the last decade. Since 2006, $9 billion has been invested in downtown and surrounding neighborhoods; $5.2 billion of which has come in 2013 and 2014.<a href="#cite_note-231">[228]</a> Construction activity, particularly rehabilitation of historic downtown buildings, has increased markedly. As of 2014, the number of vacant downtown buildings has dropped from nearly 50 to around 13.<a href="#cite_note-Crain-232">[229]</a> In 2013 <a href="/wiki/Meijer" title="Meijer">Meijer</a>, a midwestern retail chain, opened its first supercenter store in Detroit;<a href="#cite_note-233">[230]</a> this was a $20 million, 190,000-square-foot store in the northern portion of the city and it also is the centerpiece of a new $72 million shopping center named Gateway Marketplace.<a href="#cite_note-234">[231]</a> In 2015 Meijer opened its second supercenter store in the city.<a href="#cite_note-235">[232]</a> In 2019 <a href="/wiki/JPMorgan_Chase" title="JPMorgan Chase">JPMorgan Chase</a> announced plans to invest $50 million more in affordable housing, job training, and entrepreneurship by the end of 2022, growing its investment to $200 million.<a href="#cite_note-236">[233]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Arts_and_culture">Arts and culture</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Detroit&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Arts and culture">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Detroit" title="Culture of Detroit">Culture of Detroit</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:March_for_Science_IMG_20170422_145254_(41912894840).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/March_for_Science_IMG_20170422_145254_%2841912894840%29.jpg/220px-March_for_Science_IMG_20170422_145254_%2841912894840%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/March_for_Science_IMG_20170422_145254_%2841912894840%29.jpg/330px-March_for_Science_IMG_20170422_145254_%2841912894840%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/March_for_Science_IMG_20170422_145254_%2841912894840%29.jpg/440px-March_for_Science_IMG_20170422_145254_%2841912894840%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4160" data-file-height="3088" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/March_for_Science" title="March for Science">March for Science</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:View_from_upper_level_of_Ford_display_--_2018_North_American_International_Auto_Show_(40540943864).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/View_from_upper_level_of_Ford_display_--_2018_North_American_International_Auto_Show_%2840540943864%29.jpg/220px-View_from_upper_level_of_Ford_display_--_2018_North_American_International_Auto_Show_%2840540943864%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/View_from_upper_level_of_Ford_display_--_2018_North_American_International_Auto_Show_%2840540943864%29.jpg/330px-View_from_upper_level_of_Ford_display_--_2018_North_American_International_Auto_Show_%2840540943864%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/View_from_upper_level_of_Ford_display_--_2018_North_American_International_Auto_Show_%2840540943864%29.jpg/440px-View_from_upper_level_of_Ford_display_--_2018_North_American_International_Auto_Show_%2840540943864%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5568" data-file-height="3712" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/North_American_International_Auto_Show" title="North American International Auto Show">North American International Auto Show</a></figcaption></figure> In the central portions of Detroit, the population of young professionals, artists, and other transplants is growing and retail is expanding.<a href="#cite_note-Detroitres-228">[225]</a> This dynamic is luring additional new residents, and former residents returning from other cities, to the city's Downtown along with the revitalized Midtown and New Center areas.<a href="#cite_note-Marketprofile-213">[210]</a><a href="#cite_note-Detroitres-228">[225]</a><a href="#cite_note-Detroitstudy-230">[227]</a> A desire to be closer to the urban scene has attracted some young professionals to reside in inner ring suburbs such as <a href="/wiki/Ferndale,_Michigan" title="Ferndale, Michigan">Ferndale</a> and <a href="/wiki/Royal_Oak,_Michigan" title="Royal Oak, Michigan">Royal Oak</a>.<a href="#cite_note-237">[234]</a> The proximity to Windsor provides for views and nightlife, along with Ontario's minimum drinking age of 19.<a href="#cite_note-Windsornightlife-238">[235]</a> A 2011 study by <a href="/wiki/Walk_Score" title="Walk Score">Walk Score</a> recognized Detroit for its above average walkability among large U.S. cities.<a href="#cite_note-239">[236]</a> About two-thirds of suburban residents occasionally dine and attend cultural events or take in professional games in the city.<a href="#cite_note-Visitor_poll-240">[237]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nicknames">Nicknames</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Detroit&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Nicknames">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Nicknames_of_Detroit" title="Nicknames of Detroit">Nicknames of Detroit</a></div> Known as the world's automotive center,<a href="#cite_note-241">[238]</a> "Detroit" is a <a href="/wiki/Metonymy" title="Metonymy">metonym</a> for <a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Automotive industry in the United States">that industry</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Britannica-242">[239]</a> It is an important source of popular music legacies celebrated by the city's two familiar nicknames, the Motor City and <a href="/wiki/Motown" title="Motown">Motown</a>.<a href="#cite_note-243">[240]</a> Other nicknames arose in the 20th century, including City of Champions, beginning in the 1930s for its successes in individual and team sport;<a href="#cite_note-City_of_Champions-244">[241]</a> The D; <a href="/wiki/Hockeytown" title="Hockeytown">Hockeytown</a> (a trademark owned by the <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Red_Wings" title="Detroit Red Wings">Detroit Red Wings</a>); Rock City (after the <a href="/wiki/Kiss_(band)" title="Kiss (band)">Kiss</a> song "<a href="/wiki/Detroit_Rock_City" title="Detroit Rock City">Detroit Rock City</a>"); and The <a href="/wiki/Area_code_313" title="Area code 313">313</a> (its telephone area code).<a href="#cite_note-245">[d]</a><a href="#cite_note-Almanac2-246">[242]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Detroit&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Music">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Detroit" title="Music of Detroit">Music of Detroit</a> and <a href="/wiki/Performing_arts_in_Detroit" title="Performing arts in Detroit">Performing arts in Detroit</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Berry_Gordy_House_Boston_Edison_Detroit.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Berry_Gordy_House_Boston_Edison_Detroit.JPG/220px-Berry_Gordy_House_Boston_Edison_Detroit.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Berry_Gordy_House_Boston_Edison_Detroit.JPG/330px-Berry_Gordy_House_Boston_Edison_Detroit.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Berry_Gordy_House_Boston_Edison_Detroit.JPG/440px-Berry_Gordy_House_Boston_Edison_Detroit.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2916" data-file-height="1456" /></a><figcaption>"Motown Mansion" in <a href="/wiki/Boston-Edison_Historic_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston-Edison Historic District">Boston-Edison Historic District</a>; former home of <a href="/wiki/Berry_Gordy" title="Berry Gordy">Berry Gordy</a>, founder of <a href="/wiki/Motown_Records" class="mw-redirect" title="Motown Records">Motown Records</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Detroit_Electronic_Music_Festival_2002_main_stage_and_crowd_after_dark.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Detroit_Electronic_Music_Festival_2002_main_stage_and_crowd_after_dark.jpg/220px-Detroit_Electronic_Music_Festival_2002_main_stage_and_crowd_after_dark.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Detroit_Electronic_Music_Festival_2002_main_stage_and_crowd_after_dark.jpg/330px-Detroit_Electronic_Music_Festival_2002_main_stage_and_crowd_after_dark.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Detroit_Electronic_Music_Festival_2002_main_stage_and_crowd_after_dark.jpg/440px-Detroit_Electronic_Music_Festival_2002_main_stage_and_crowd_after_dark.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Detroit_Electronic_Music_Festival" title="Detroit Electronic Music Festival">Detroit Electronic Music Festival</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DIME_building_exterior.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/DIME_building_exterior.jpg/220px-DIME_building_exterior.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/DIME_building_exterior.jpg/330px-DIME_building_exterior.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/DIME_building_exterior.jpg/440px-DIME_building_exterior.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2393" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Detroit_Institute_of_Music_Education" title="Detroit Institute of Music Education">Detroit Institute of Music Education</a></figcaption></figure> Live music has been a prominent feature of Detroit's nightlife since the late 1940s, bringing the city recognition under the nickname "Motown".<a href="#cite_note-247">[243]</a> The metropolitan area has many nationally prominent live music venues. Concerts hosted by <a href="/wiki/Live_Nation_Entertainment" title="Live Nation Entertainment">Live Nation</a> perform throughout the Detroit area. The theater venue circuit is the United States' second largest and hosts <a href="/wiki/Broadway_theatre" title="Broadway theatre">Broadway performances</a>.<a href="#cite_note-248">[244]</a><a href="#cite_note-249">[245]</a> The city has a rich musical heritage and has contributed to many genres over the decades.<a href="#cite_note-Almanac2-246">[242]</a> Important music events include the <a href="/wiki/Detroit_International_Jazz_Festival" title="Detroit International Jazz Festival">Detroit International Jazz Festival</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Electronic_Music_Festival" title="Detroit Electronic Music Festival">Detroit Electronic Music Festival</a>, the Motor City Music Conference (MC2), the Urban Organic Music Conference, the Concert of Colors, and the hip-hop Summer Jamz festival.<a href="#cite_note-Almanac2-246">[242]</a> In the 1940s, <a href="/wiki/Detroit_blues" class="mw-redirect" title="Detroit blues">Detroit blues</a> artist <a href="/wiki/John_Lee_Hooker" title="John Lee Hooker">John Lee Hooker</a> became a long-term resident in the <a href="/wiki/Delray,_Detroit" title="Delray, Detroit">Delray</a> neighborhood. Hooker, among other important blues musicians, migrated from his home in Mississippi, bringing the <a href="/wiki/Delta_blues" title="Delta blues">Delta blues</a> to Detroit. Hooker recorded for <a href="/wiki/Fortune_Records" title="Fortune Records">Fortune Records</a>, the biggest pre-Motown blues/soul label. During the 1950s, the city became a center for jazz, with stars performing in the Black Bottom neighborhood.<a href="#cite_note-Woodford-44">[44]</a> Prominent emerging jazz musicians included trumpeter <a href="/wiki/Donald_Byrd" title="Donald Byrd">Donald Byrd</a> (who attended Cass Tech and performed with <a href="/wiki/Art_Blakey" title="Art Blakey">Art Blakey</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Jazz_Messengers" title="The Jazz Messengers">the Jazz Messengers</a> early in his career) and saxophonist <a href="/wiki/Pepper_Adams" title="Pepper Adams">Pepper Adams</a> (who enjoyed a solo career and accompanied Byrd on several albums). The Graystone International Jazz Museum documents jazz in Detroit.<a href="#cite_note-250">[246]</a> Other prominent Motor City R&B stars in the 1950s and early 1960s were <a href="/wiki/Nolan_Strong" class="mw-redirect" title="Nolan Strong">Nolan Strong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andre_Williams_(musician)" title="Andre Williams (musician)">Andre Williams</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Mayer" title="Nathaniel Mayer">Nathaniel Mayer</a>—who all scored local and national hits on the <a href="/wiki/Fortune_Records" title="Fortune Records">Fortune Records</a> label. According to <a href="/wiki/Smokey_Robinson" title="Smokey Robinson">Smokey Robinson</a>, Strong was a primary influence on his voice as a teenager. The Fortune label, a family-operated label on Third Avenue, was owned by the husband-and-wife team of Jack Brown and Devora Brown. Fortune—which also released country, gospel and rockabilly LPs and 45s—laid the groundwork for Motown, which became Detroit's most legendary record label.<a href="#cite_note-Carson-251">[247]</a> <a href="/wiki/Berry_Gordy,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Berry Gordy, Jr.">Berry Gordy, Jr.</a> founded <a href="/wiki/Motown_Records" class="mw-redirect" title="Motown Records">Motown Records</a>, which rose to prominence during the 1960s and early 1970s with acts such as <a href="/wiki/Stevie_Wonder" title="Stevie Wonder">Stevie Wonder</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Temptations" title="The Temptations">the Temptations</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Four_Tops" class="mw-redirect" title="The Four Tops">the Four Tops</a>, <a href="/wiki/Smokey_Robinson_%26_the_Miracles" class="mw-redirect" title="Smokey Robinson & the Miracles">Smokey Robinson & the Miracles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diana_Ross_%26_the_Supremes" class="mw-redirect" title="Diana Ross & the Supremes">Diana Ross & the Supremes</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Jackson_5" title="The Jackson 5">the Jackson 5</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martha_and_the_Vandellas" title="Martha and the Vandellas">Martha and the Vandellas</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Spinners_(American_group)" title="The Spinners (American group)">the Spinners</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gladys_Knight_%26_the_Pips" title="Gladys Knight & the Pips">Gladys Knight & the Pips</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Marvelettes" title="The Marvelettes">the Marvelettes</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Elgins" title="The Elgins">the Elgins</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Monitors_(American_band)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Monitors (American band)">the Monitors</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Velvelettes" title="The Velvelettes">the Velvelettes</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Marvin_Gaye" title="Marvin Gaye">Marvin Gaye</a>. Artists were backed by in-house vocalists<a href="#cite_note-252">[248]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Andantes" title="The Andantes">the Andantes</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Funk_Brothers" title="The Funk Brothers">the Funk Brothers</a>. "The Motown sound" played an important role in the crossover appeal with popular music, since it was the first African American–owned record label to primarily feature African-American artists. Gordy moved Motown to Los Angeles in 1972 to pursue film production, but the company has since returned to Detroit. <a href="/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin">Aretha Franklin</a>, another Detroit R&B star, carried the Motown sound; however, she did not record with Berry's Motown label.<a href="#cite_note-Almanac2-246">[242]</a> Local artists and bands rose to prominence in the 1960s and 70s, including the <a href="/wiki/MC5" title="MC5">MC5</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glenn_Frey" title="Glenn Frey">Glenn Frey</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Stooges" title="The Stooges">the Stooges</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bob_Seger" title="Bob Seger">Bob Seger</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Amboy_Dukes_(band)" title="The Amboy Dukes (band)">Amboy Dukes</a> featuring <a href="/wiki/Ted_Nugent" title="Ted Nugent">Ted Nugent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mitch_Ryder" title="Mitch Ryder">Mitch Ryder</a> and The Detroit Wheels, <a href="/wiki/Rare_Earth_(band)" title="Rare Earth (band)">Rare Earth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alice_Cooper" title="Alice Cooper">Alice Cooper</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Suzi_Quatro" title="Suzi Quatro">Suzi Quatro</a>. The group <a href="/wiki/Kiss_(band)" title="Kiss (band)">Kiss</a> emphasized the city's connection with rock in the song "<a href="/wiki/Detroit_Rock_City" title="Detroit Rock City">Detroit Rock City</a>" and the movie produced in 1999. In the 1980s, Detroit was an important center of the <a href="/wiki/Hardcore_punk_rock" class="mw-redirect" title="Hardcore punk rock">hardcore punk rock</a> underground with many nationally known bands coming out of the city and its suburbs, such as <a href="/wiki/The_Necros" class="mw-redirect" title="The Necros">the Necros</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Meatmen" title="The Meatmen">the Meatmen</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Negative_Approach" title="Negative Approach">Negative Approach</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Carson-251">[247]</a> In the 1990s and 2000s, the city produced many influential <a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_music" title="Hip hop music">hip hop</a> artists, including <a href="/wiki/Eminem" title="Eminem">Eminem</a>, the hip-hop artist with the highest cumulative sales, his rap group <a href="/wiki/D12" title="D12">D12</a>, hip-hop rapper and producer <a href="/wiki/Royce_da_5%279%22" title="Royce da 5'9"">Royce da 5'9"</a>, hip-hop producer <a href="/wiki/Denaun_Porter" title="Denaun Porter">Denaun Porter</a>, hip-hop producer <a href="/wiki/J_Dilla" title="J Dilla">J Dilla</a>, rapper and musician <a href="/wiki/Kid_Rock" title="Kid Rock">Kid Rock</a> and rappers <a href="/wiki/Big_Sean" title="Big Sean">Big Sean</a> and <a href="/wiki/Danny_Brown_(rapper)" class="mw-redirect" title="Danny Brown (rapper)">Danny Brown</a>. The band <a href="/wiki/Sponge_(band)" title="Sponge (band)">Sponge</a> toured and produced music.<a href="#cite_note-Almanac2-246">[242]</a><a href="#cite_note-Carson-251">[247]</a> The city also has an active <a href="/wiki/Garage_rock" title="Garage rock">garage rock</a> scene that has generated national attention with acts such as <a href="/wiki/The_White_Stripes" title="The White Stripes">the White Stripes</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Von_Bondies" title="The Von Bondies">the Von Bondies</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Detroit_Cobras" title="The Detroit Cobras">the Detroit Cobras</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Dirtbombs" title="The Dirtbombs">the Dirtbombs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Electric_Six" title="Electric Six">Electric Six</a>, and <a href="/wiki/The_Hard_Lessons" title="The Hard Lessons">the Hard Lessons</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Almanac2-246">[242]</a> Detroit is cited as the birthplace of <a href="/wiki/Techno" title="Techno">techno</a> music in the early 1980s.<a href="#cite_note-Plexifilm-253">[249]</a> The city also lends its name to an early and pioneering genre of <a href="/wiki/Electronic_dance_music" title="Electronic dance music">electronic dance music</a>, "<a href="/wiki/Detroit_techno" title="Detroit techno">Detroit techno</a>". Featuring science fiction imagery and robotic themes, its futuristic style was greatly influenced by the geography of Detroit's urban decline and its industrial past.<a href="#cite_note-Woodford-44">[44]</a> Prominent Detroit techno artists include <a href="/wiki/Juan_Atkins" title="Juan Atkins">Juan Atkins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Derrick_May_(musician)" title="Derrick May (musician)">Derrick May</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Saunderson" title="Kevin Saunderson">Kevin Saunderson</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Mills" title="Jeff Mills">Jeff Mills</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Electronic_Music_Festival" title="Detroit Electronic Music Festival">Detroit Electronic Music Festival</a>, now known as Movement, occurs annually in late May on Memorial Day Weekend, and takes place in <a href="/wiki/Hart_Plaza" class="mw-redirect" title="Hart Plaza">Hart Plaza</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Performing_arts">Performing arts</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Detroit&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Performing arts">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Theatre_in_Detroit" class="mw-redirect" title="Theatre in Detroit">Theatre in Detroit</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Detroit_December_2019_14_(Fox_Theatre).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Detroit_December_2019_14_%28Fox_Theatre%29.jpg/220px-Detroit_December_2019_14_%28Fox_Theatre%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Detroit_December_2019_14_%28Fox_Theatre%29.jpg/330px-Detroit_December_2019_14_%28Fox_Theatre%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Detroit_December_2019_14_%28Fox_Theatre%29.jpg/440px-Detroit_December_2019_14_%28Fox_Theatre%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Fox_Theatre_(Detroit)" title="Fox Theatre (Detroit)">Detroit Fox Theatre</a> in Downtown</figcaption></figure> Major theaters in Detroit include the <a href="/wiki/Fox_Theatre_(Detroit)" title="Fox Theatre (Detroit)">Fox Theatre</a> (5,174 seats), <a href="/wiki/Music_Hall_Center_for_the_Performing_Arts" title="Music Hall Center for the Performing Arts">Music Hall Center for the Performing Arts</a> (1,770 seats), the <a href="/wiki/Gem_Theatre" title="Gem Theatre">Gem Theatre</a> (451 seats), <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Masonic_Temple" title="Detroit Masonic Temple">Masonic Temple Theatre</a> (4,404 seats), the <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Opera_House" title="Detroit Opera House">Detroit Opera House</a> (2,765 seats), the <a href="/wiki/Fisher_Theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Fisher Theatre">Fisher Theatre</a> (2,089 seats), <a href="/wiki/The_Fillmore_Detroit" title="The Fillmore Detroit">The Fillmore Detroit</a> (2,200 seats), <a href="/wiki/Saint_Andrew%27s_Hall" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Andrew's Hall">Saint Andrew's Hall</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Majestic_Theater_(Detroit,_Michigan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Majestic Theater (Detroit, Michigan)">Majestic Theater</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Orchestra_Hall_(Detroit)" title="Orchestra Hall (Detroit)">Orchestra Hall</a> (2,286 seats), which hosts the renowned <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Detroit Symphony Orchestra">Detroit Symphony Orchestra</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Nederlander_Organization" title="Nederlander Organization">Nederlander Organization</a>, the largest controller of Broadway productions in New York City, originated with the purchase of the <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Opera_House" title="Detroit Opera House">Detroit Opera House</a> in 1922 by the Nederlander family.<a href="#cite_note-Almanac2-246">[242]</a> <a href="/wiki/Motown_Motion_Picture_Studios" title="Motown Motion Picture Studios">Motown Motion Picture Studios</a> with 535,000 square feet (49,700 m2) produces movies in Detroit and the surrounding area based at the Pontiac Centerpoint Business Campus for a film industry expected to employ over 4,000 people in the metro area.<a href="#cite_note-254">[250]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tourism">Tourism</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Detroit&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Tourism">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_metropolitan_Detroit" title="Tourism in metropolitan Detroit">Tourism in metropolitan Detroit</a></div>Detroit is home to the world's first <a href="/wiki/Destination_marketing_organization" title="Destination marketing organization">destination marketing organization</a>, the Detroit Metro Convention and Visitor's Bureau, also known as Visit Detroit.<a href="#cite_note-255">[251]</a><a href="#cite_note-256">[252]</a> Founded in 1896, the organization now operates at <a href="/wiki/211_West_Fort_Street" title="211 West Fort Street">211 West Fort Street</a> as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Visit_Detroit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Visit Detroit (page does not exist)">Visit Detroit</a>.<a href="#cite_note-257">[253]</a><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Detroit_Institute_of_Arts_From_DPL.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Detroit_Institute_of_Arts_From_DPL.jpg/220px-Detroit_Institute_of_Arts_From_DPL.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Detroit_Institute_of_Arts_From_DPL.jpg/330px-Detroit_Institute_of_Arts_From_DPL.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Detroit_Institute_of_Arts_From_DPL.jpg/440px-Detroit_Institute_of_Arts_From_DPL.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Detroit_Institute_of_Arts" title="Detroit Institute of Arts">Detroit Institute of Arts</a></figcaption></figure> Because of its unique culture, distinctive architecture, and revitalization and urban renewal efforts in the 21st century, Detroit has enjoyed increased prominence as a tourist destination in recent years. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> listed Detroit as the ninth-best destination in its list of 52 Places to Go in 2017,<a href="#cite_note-52_Places_to_Go_in_2017-258">[254]</a> while travel guide publisher <a href="/wiki/Lonely_Planet" title="Lonely Planet">Lonely Planet</a> named Detroit the second-best city in the world to visit in 2018.<a href="#cite_note-Top_10_cities_to_visit_in_2018-259">[255]</a><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a> named Detroit as one of the 50 World's Greatest Places of 2022 to explore.<a href="#cite_note-:1-260">[256]</a> Many of the area's prominent museums are in the historic <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Cultural_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Detroit Cultural Center">cultural center</a> neighborhood around Wayne State University and the <a href="/wiki/College_for_Creative_Studies" title="College for Creative Studies">College for Creative Studies</a>. These museums include the <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Institute_of_Arts" title="Detroit Institute of Arts">Detroit Institute of Arts</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Historical_Museum" title="Detroit Historical Museum">Detroit Historical Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_H._Wright_Museum_of_African_American_History" title="Charles H. Wright Museum of African American History">Charles H. Wright Museum of African American History</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Science_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Detroit Science Center">Detroit Science Center</a>, as well as the main branch of the <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Public_Library" title="Detroit Public Library">Detroit Public Library</a>. Other cultural highlights include <a href="/wiki/Hitsville_U.S.A." title="Hitsville U.S.A.">Motown Historical Museum</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ford_Piquette_Avenue_Plant" title="Ford Piquette Avenue Plant">Ford Piquette Avenue Plant</a> museum, the <a href="/wiki/Pewabic_Pottery" title="Pewabic Pottery">Pewabic Pottery</a> studio and school, the <a href="/wiki/Tuskegee_Airmen" title="Tuskegee Airmen">Tuskegee Airmen</a> Museum, <a href="/wiki/Fort_Wayne_(Detroit)" title="Fort Wayne (Detroit)">Fort Wayne</a>, the Dossin Great Lakes Museum, the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Contemporary_Art_Detroit" title="Museum of Contemporary Art Detroit">Museum of Contemporary Art Detroit</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Art_Institute_of_Detroit" title="Contemporary Art Institute of Detroit">Contemporary Art Institute of Detroit</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Belle_Isle_Conservatory" title="Belle Isle Conservatory">Belle Isle Conservatory</a>. In 2010, the G.R. N'Namdi Gallery opened in a 16,000-square-foot (1,500 m2) complex in Midtown. Important history of America and the Detroit area are exhibited at <a href="/wiki/The_Henry_Ford" title="The Henry Ford">The Henry Ford</a> in <a href="/wiki/Dearborn,_Michigan" title="Dearborn, Michigan">Dearborn</a>, the United States' largest indoor-outdoor museum complex.<a href="#cite_note-261">[257]</a> The Detroit Historical Society provides information about tours of area churches, skyscrapers, and mansions. Inside Detroit hosts tours, educational programming, and a downtown welcome center. Other sites of interest are the <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Zoo" title="Detroit Zoo">Detroit Zoo</a> in <a href="/wiki/Royal_Oak,_Michigan" title="Royal Oak, Michigan">Royal Oak</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Cranbrook_Art_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Cranbrook Art Museum">Cranbrook Art Museum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bloomfield_Hills,_Michigan" title="Bloomfield Hills, Michigan">Bloomfield Hills</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Anna_Scripps_Whitcomb_Conservatory" class="mw-redirect" title="Anna Scripps Whitcomb Conservatory">Anna Scripps Whitcomb Conservatory</a> on Belle Isle, and Walter P. Chrysler Museum in <a href="/wiki/Auburn_Hills,_Michigan" title="Auburn Hills, Michigan">Auburn Hills</a>.<a href="#cite_note-AIADetroit-126">[126]</a> <a href="/wiki/Greektown,_Detroit" title="Greektown, Detroit">Greektown</a> and three downtown casino resort hotels serve as part of an entertainment hub. The <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Market,_Detroit" title="Eastern Market, Detroit">Eastern Market</a> farmer's distribution center is the largest open-air flowerbed market in the United States and has more than 150 foods and specialty businesses.<a href="#cite_note-262">[258]</a> On Saturdays, about 45,000 people shop there.<a href="#cite_note-Easternmarket1-263">[259]</a> The annual Detroit Festival of the Arts in Midtown draws about 350,000 people.<a href="#cite_note-Midtown2-264">[260]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ford_Piquette_Avenue_Plant_-_Model_T_Assortment.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Ford_Piquette_Avenue_Plant_-_Model_T_Assortment.jpg/220px-Ford_Piquette_Avenue_Plant_-_Model_T_Assortment.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Ford_Piquette_Avenue_Plant_-_Model_T_Assortment.jpg/330px-Ford_Piquette_Avenue_Plant_-_Model_T_Assortment.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Ford_Piquette_Avenue_Plant_-_Model_T_Assortment.jpg/440px-Ford_Piquette_Avenue_Plant_-_Model_T_Assortment.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5152" data-file-height="2896" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Ford_Piquette_Avenue_Plant" title="Ford Piquette Avenue Plant">Ford Piquette Avenue Plant</a>, birthplace of the <a href="/wiki/Ford_Model_T" title="Ford Model T">Ford Model T</a> and the world's oldest car factory building open to the public</figcaption></figure> Annual summer events include the <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Electronic_Music_Festival" title="Detroit Electronic Music Festival">Electronic Music Festival</a>, <a href="/wiki/Detroit_International_Jazz_Festival" title="Detroit International Jazz Festival">International Jazz Festival</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Woodward_Dream_Cruise" title="Woodward Dream Cruise">Woodward Dream Cruise</a>, the African World Festival, the country music Hoedown, Noel Night, and <a href="/wiki/Dally_in_the_Alley" title="Dally in the Alley">Dally in the Alley</a>. Within downtown, Campus Martius Park hosts large events, including the annual Motown Winter Blast. As the world's traditional automotive center, the city hosts the <a href="/wiki/North_American_International_Auto_Show" title="North American International Auto Show">North American International Auto Show</a>. Held since 1924, America's Thanksgiving Parade is one of the nation's largest.<a href="#cite_note-265">[261]</a> River Days, a five-day summer festival on the International Riverfront lead up to the <a href="/wiki/Windsor%E2%80%93Detroit_International_Freedom_Festival" title="Windsor–Detroit International Freedom Festival">Windsor–Detroit International Freedom Festival</a> fireworks, which draw super sized-crowds ranging from hundreds of thousands to over three million people.<a href="#cite_note-Visitor_poll-240">[237]</a><a href="#cite_note-Almanac2-246">[242]</a><a href="#cite_note-Winterblast-266">[262]</a> An important civic sculpture is <a href="/wiki/The_Spirit_of_Detroit" title="The Spirit of Detroit">The Spirit of Detroit</a> by <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Fredericks" title="Marshall Fredericks">Marshall Fredericks</a> at the Coleman Young Municipal Center. The image is often used as a symbol of Detroit, and the statue is occasionally dressed in sports jerseys to celebrate when a Detroit team is doing well.<a href="#cite_note-267">[263]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Monument_to_Joe_Louis" title="Monument to Joe Louis">memorial to Joe Louis</a> is located at the intersection of Jefferson and Woodward Avenues. The sculpture, commissioned by <a href="/wiki/Sports_Illustrated" title="Sports Illustrated">Sports Illustrated</a> and executed by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Graham_(sculptor)" title="Robert Graham (sculptor)">Robert Graham</a>, is a 24-foot (7.3 m) long arm with a fisted hand suspended by a pyramidal framework. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Detroit&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Sports">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Detroit" title="Sports in Detroit">Sports in Detroit</a> and <a href="/wiki/U.S._cities_with_teams_from_four_major_sports" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. cities with teams from four major sports">U.S. cities with teams from four major sports</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Comerica-Park-Detroit-MI-Panorama.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Comerica-Park-Detroit-MI-Panorama.jpg/220px-Comerica-Park-Detroit-MI-Panorama.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Comerica-Park-Detroit-MI-Panorama.jpg/330px-Comerica-Park-Detroit-MI-Panorama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Comerica-Park-Detroit-MI-Panorama.jpg/440px-Comerica-Park-Detroit-MI-Panorama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5409" data-file-height="1476" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Minnesota_Vikings_vs._Detroit_Lions_2018_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Minnesota_Vikings_vs._Detroit_Lions_2018_03.jpg/220px-Minnesota_Vikings_vs._Detroit_Lions_2018_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Minnesota_Vikings_vs._Detroit_Lions_2018_03.jpg/330px-Minnesota_Vikings_vs._Detroit_Lions_2018_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Minnesota_Vikings_vs._Detroit_Lions_2018_03.jpg/440px-Minnesota_Vikings_vs._Detroit_Lions_2018_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Little_Caesars_Arena_panorama.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Little_Caesars_Arena_panorama.jpg/220px-Little_Caesars_Arena_panorama.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Little_Caesars_Arena_panorama.jpg/330px-Little_Caesars_Arena_panorama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Little_Caesars_Arena_panorama.jpg/440px-Little_Caesars_Arena_panorama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6245" data-file-height="2645" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Top: <a href="/wiki/Comerica_Park" title="Comerica Park">Comerica Park</a>, home of the <a href="/wiki/American_League" title="American League">American League</a> <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Tigers" title="Detroit Tigers">Detroit Tigers</a>; middle: <a href="/wiki/Ford_Field" title="Ford Field">Ford Field</a>, home of the <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Lions" title="Detroit Lions">Detroit Lions</a>; bottom: <a href="/wiki/Little_Caesars_Arena" title="Little Caesars Arena">Little Caesars Arena</a>, home of the <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Red_Wings" title="Detroit Red Wings">Detroit Red Wings</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Pistons" title="Detroit Pistons">Detroit Pistons</a></div></div></div></div> Detroit is one of four U.S. cities that have venues within the city representing the four major sports in North America. Detroit is the only city to have its four major sports teams play within its downtown district.<a href="#cite_note-268">[264]</a> Venues include: <a href="/wiki/Comerica_Park" title="Comerica Park">Comerica Park</a> (home of <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">MLB's</a> <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Tigers" title="Detroit Tigers">Detroit Tigers</a>), <a href="/wiki/Ford_Field" title="Ford Field">Ford Field</a> (home of the <a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">NFL's</a> <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Lions" title="Detroit Lions">Detroit Lions</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Little_Caesars_Arena" title="Little Caesars Arena">Little Caesars Arena</a> (home of the <a href="/wiki/National_Hockey_League" title="National Hockey League">NHL's</a> <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Red_Wings" title="Detroit Red Wings">Detroit Red Wings</a> and the <a href="/wiki/National_Basketball_Association" title="National Basketball Association">NBA's</a> <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Pistons" title="Detroit Pistons">Detroit Pistons</a>). Detroit has won titles in all four of the major professional sports leagues. The Tigers have won four World Series titles (<a href="/wiki/1935_World_Series" title="1935 World Series">1935</a>, <a href="/wiki/1945_World_Series" title="1945 World Series">1945</a>, <a href="/wiki/1968_World_Series" title="1968 World Series">1968</a>, and <a href="/wiki/1984_World_Series" title="1984 World Series">1984</a>). The Red Wings have won 11 <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Cup" title="Stanley Cup">Stanley Cups</a> (<a href="/wiki/1936_Stanley_Cup_Finals" title="1936 Stanley Cup Finals">1935–36</a>, <a href="/wiki/1937_Stanley_Cup_Finals" title="1937 Stanley Cup Finals">1936–37</a>, <a href="/wiki/1943_Stanley_Cup_Finals" title="1943 Stanley Cup Finals">1942–43</a>, <a href="/wiki/1950_Stanley_Cup_Finals" title="1950 Stanley Cup Finals">1949–50</a>, <a href="/wiki/1952_Stanley_Cup_Finals" title="1952 Stanley Cup Finals">1951–52</a>, <a href="/wiki/1954_Stanley_Cup_Finals" title="1954 Stanley Cup Finals">1953–54</a>, <a href="/wiki/1955_Stanley_Cup_Finals" title="1955 Stanley Cup Finals">1954–55</a>, <a href="/wiki/1997_Stanley_Cup_Finals" title="1997 Stanley Cup Finals">1996–97</a>, <a href="/wiki/1998_Stanley_Cup_Finals" title="1998 Stanley Cup Finals">1997–98</a>, <a href="/wiki/2002_Stanley_Cup_Finals" title="2002 Stanley Cup Finals">2001–02</a>, <a href="/wiki/2008_Stanley_Cup_Finals" title="2008 Stanley Cup Finals">2007–08</a>) (the most by an American NHL franchise).<a href="#cite_note-269">[265]</a> The Lions have won 4 NFL titles (<a href="/wiki/1935_NFL_Championship_Game" title="1935 NFL Championship Game">1935</a>, <a href="/wiki/1952_NFL_Championship_Game" title="1952 NFL Championship Game">1952</a>, <a href="/wiki/1953_NFL_Championship_Game" title="1953 NFL Championship Game">1953</a>, <a href="/wiki/1957_NFL_Championship_Game" title="1957 NFL Championship Game">1957</a>). The Pistons have won three NBA titles (<a href="/wiki/1989_NBA_Finals" title="1989 NBA Finals">1989</a>, <a href="/wiki/1990_NBA_Finals" title="1990 NBA Finals">1990</a>, <a href="/wiki/2004_NBA_Finals" title="2004 NBA Finals">2004</a>).<a href="#cite_note-Almanac2-246">[242]</a> In the years following the mid-1930s, Detroit was referred to as the "City of Champions" after the Tigers, Lions, and Red Wings captured the three major professional sports championships in existence at the time in a seven-month period (the Tigers won the World Series in October 1935; the Lions won the NFL championship in December 1935; the Red Wings won the Stanley Cup in April 1936).<a href="#cite_note-City_of_Champions-244">[241]</a> Founded in 2012 as a semi-professional soccer club, <a href="/wiki/Detroit_City_FC" title="Detroit City FC">Detroit City FC</a> plays professional soccer in the <a href="/wiki/USL_Championship" title="USL Championship">USL Championship</a>. Nicknamed, Le Rouge, the club are two-time champions of <a href="/wiki/National_Independent_Soccer_Association" title="National Independent Soccer Association">NISA</a> since joining in 2020. They play their home matches in <a href="/wiki/Keyworth_Stadium" title="Keyworth Stadium">Keyworth Stadium</a>, which is located in the enclave of <a href="/wiki/Hamtramck,_Michigan" title="Hamtramck, Michigan">Hamtramck</a>.<a href="#cite_note-270">[266]</a> In college sports, Detroit's central location within the <a href="/wiki/Mid-American_Conference" title="Mid-American Conference">Mid-American Conference</a> (MAC) has made it a frequent site for the league's championship events. While the MAC Basketball Tournament moved permanently to <a href="/wiki/Cleveland" title="Cleveland">Cleveland</a> starting in 2000, the MAC Football Championship Game has been played at Ford Field since 2004 and annually attracts 25,000 to 30,000 fans. The University of Detroit Mercy has an <a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I" title="NCAA Division I">NCAA Division I</a> program, and Wayne State University has both NCAA Division I and <a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_II" title="NCAA Division II">II</a> programs. The NCAA football <a href="/wiki/GameAbove_Sports_Bowl" title="GameAbove Sports Bowl">GameAbove Sports Bowl</a> (formerly, Quick Lane Bowl) is held at Ford Field each December. The city hosted the 2005 <a href="/wiki/MLB_All-Star_Game" class="mw-redirect" title="MLB All-Star Game">MLB All-Star Game</a>, <a href="/wiki/Super_Bowl_XL" title="Super Bowl XL">Super Bowl XL</a> in 2006, the <a href="/wiki/2006_World_Series" title="2006 World Series">2006</a> and <a href="/wiki/2012_World_Series" title="2012 World Series">2012 World Series</a>, <a href="/wiki/WrestleMania_23" title="WrestleMania 23">WrestleMania 23</a> in 2007, and the <a href="/wiki/NCAA" class="mw-redirect" title="NCAA">NCAA</a> <a href="/wiki/Final_Four_(college_basketball)" class="mw-redirect" title="Final Four (college basketball)">Final Four</a> in April 2009. The <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Indy_Grand_Prix" class="mw-redirect" title="Detroit Indy Grand Prix">Detroit Indy Grand Prix</a> is held in Belle Isle Park. In 2007, open-wheel racing returned to Belle Isle with both <a href="/wiki/Indy_Racing_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Indy Racing League">Indy Racing League</a> and <a href="/wiki/American_Le_Mans_Series" title="American Le Mans Series">American Le Mans Series</a> Racing.<a href="#cite_note-2007IndyRacing-271">[267]</a> From 1982 to 1988, Detroit held the <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Grand_Prix" title="Detroit Grand Prix">Detroit Grand Prix</a>, at the <a href="/wiki/Detroit_street_circuit" title="Detroit street circuit">Detroit street circuit</a>. In 1932, Eddie "The Midnight Express" Tolan from Detroit won the 100- and 200-meter races and two gold medals at the <a href="/wiki/1932_Summer_Olympics" title="1932 Summer Olympics">1932 Summer Olympics</a>. <a href="/wiki/Joe_Louis" title="Joe Louis">Joe Louis</a> won the heavyweight championship of the world in 1937. Detroit has made the most bids to host the Summer Olympics without ever being awarded the games, with seven unsuccessful bids for the <a href="/wiki/1944_Summer_Olympics" title="1944 Summer Olympics">1944</a>, <a href="/wiki/1952_Summer_Olympics" title="1952 Summer Olympics">1952</a>, <a href="/wiki/1956_Summer_Olympics" title="1956 Summer Olympics">1956</a>, <a href="/wiki/1960_Summer_Olympics" title="1960 Summer Olympics">1960</a>, <a href="/wiki/1964_Summer_Olympics" title="1964 Summer Olympics">1964</a>, <a href="/wiki/1968_Summer_Olympics" title="1968 Summer Olympics">1968</a>, and <a href="/wiki/1972_Summer_Olympics" title="1972 Summer Olympics">1972</a> summer games.<a href="#cite_note-Almanac2-246">[242]</a> In 2024, Detroit hosted the <a href="/wiki/NFL_draft" title="NFL draft">NFL Draft</a>. Over 775,000 people were present in downtown Detroit over the course of the three-day event, making it the highest attended draft on record.<a href="#cite_note-272">[268]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government">Government</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Detroit&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Government">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Detroit" title="Government of Detroit">Government of Detroit</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Detroit" title="List of mayors of Detroit">List of mayors of Detroit</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Guardian_Building,_Griswold_Street,_Detroit,_MI_-_53026480077.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Guardian_Building%2C_Griswold_Street%2C_Detroit%2C_MI_-_53026480077.jpg/170px-Guardian_Building%2C_Griswold_Street%2C_Detroit%2C_MI_-_53026480077.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Guardian_Building%2C_Griswold_Street%2C_Detroit%2C_MI_-_53026480077.jpg/255px-Guardian_Building%2C_Griswold_Street%2C_Detroit%2C_MI_-_53026480077.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Guardian_Building%2C_Griswold_Street%2C_Detroit%2C_MI_-_53026480077.jpg/340px-Guardian_Building%2C_Griswold_Street%2C_Detroit%2C_MI_-_53026480077.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2844" data-file-height="3792" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Guardian_Building" title="Guardian Building">Guardian Building</a> serves as the headquarters of Wayne County.</figcaption></figure> The city is governed pursuant to the <a href="/wiki/Home_rule" title="Home rule">home rule</a> Charter of the City of Detroit. The government is run by a mayor, the nine-member <a href="/wiki/Detroit_City_Council" title="Detroit City Council">Detroit City Council</a>, the eleven-member <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Board_of_Police_Commissioners" title="Detroit Board of Police Commissioners">Board of Police Commissioners</a>, and a clerk. All of these officers are elected on a nonpartisan ballot, with the exception of four of the police commissioners, who are appointed by the mayor. Detroit has a "<a href="/wiki/Mayor%E2%80%93council_government" title="Mayor–council government">strong mayoral</a>" system, with the mayor approving departmental appointments. The council approves budgets, but the mayor is not obligated to adhere to any earmarking. The city clerk supervises elections and is formally charged with the maintenance of municipal records. City ordinances and substantially large contracts must be approved by the council.<a href="#cite_note-273">[269]</a><a href="#cite_note-crcmich.org-274">[270]</a> The Detroit City Code is the <a href="/wiki/Codification_(law)" title="Codification (law)">codification</a> of Detroit's <a href="/wiki/Local_ordinance" title="Local ordinance">local ordinances</a>. Presently three Community Advisory Councils advise City Council representatives. Residents of each of Detroit's seven districts have the option of electing Community Advisory Councils.<a href="#cite_note-275">[271]</a> The city clerk supervises elections and is formally charged with the maintenance of municipal records. Municipal elections for mayor, city council and city clerk are held at four-year intervals, in the year after presidential elections.<a href="#cite_note-crcmich.org-274">[270]</a> Following a November 2009 referendum, seven council members will be elected from districts beginning in 2013 while two will continue to be elected at-large.<a href="#cite_note-cdet-276">[272]</a> Detroit's courts are state-administered and elections are nonpartisan. The Probate Court for Wayne County is in the <a href="/wiki/Coleman_A._Young_Municipal_Center" title="Coleman A. Young Municipal Center">Coleman A. Young Municipal Center</a> in downtown. The Circuit Court is across Gratiot Avenue in the Frank Murphy Hall of Justice. The city is home to the Thirty-Sixth District Court, as well as the First District of the <a href="/wiki/Michigan_Court_of_Appeals" title="Michigan Court of Appeals">Michigan Court of Appeals</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Eastern_District_of_Michigan" title="United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan">United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan</a>. The city provides law enforcement through the <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Police_Department" title="Detroit Police Department">Detroit Police Department</a> and emergency services through the <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Fire_Department" title="Detroit Fire Department">Detroit Fire Department</a>.<a href="#cite_note-277">[273]</a><a href="#cite_note-278">[274]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Politics">Politics</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Detroit&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Politics">edit</a>]</div> Beginning with its incorporation in 1802, Detroit has had a total of <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Detroit" title="List of mayors of Detroit">74 mayors</a>. Detroit's last mayor from the <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a> was <a href="/wiki/Louis_Miriani" title="Louis Miriani">Louis Miriani</a>, who served from 1957 to 1962. In 1973, the city elected its first black mayor, <a href="/wiki/Coleman_Young" title="Coleman Young">Coleman Young</a>. Despite development efforts, his combative style during his five terms in office was not well received by many suburban residents.<a href="#cite_note-279">[275]</a> Mayor <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Archer" title="Dennis Archer">Dennis Archer</a>, a former Michigan Supreme Court Justice, refocused the city's attention on redevelopment with a plan to permit three casinos downtown. By 2008, three major casino resort hotels established operations in the city.<a href="#cite_note-280">[276]</a> In 2000, the city requested an investigation by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Justice_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Justice Department">United States Justice Department</a> into the Detroit Police Department which was concluded in 2003 over allegations regarding its use of force and civil rights violations. The city proceeded with a major reorganization of the Detroit Police Department.<a href="#cite_note-281">[277]</a> In 2013, felony bribery charges were brought against seven building inspectors.<a href="#cite_note-282">[278]</a> In 2016, further corruption charges were brought against 12 principals, a former school superintendent and supply vendor<a href="#cite_note-283">[279]</a> for a $12 million (~$14.9 million in 2023) kickback scheme.<a href="#cite_note-284">[280]</a><a href="#cite_note-285">[281]</a> However, law professor Peter Henning argues Detroit's corruption is not unusual for a city its size, especially when compared with Chicago.<a href="#cite_note-286">[282]</a> Detroit is sometimes referred to as a <a href="/wiki/Sanctuary_city" title="Sanctuary city">sanctuary city</a> because it has "anti-profiling ordinances that generally prohibit local police from asking about the immigration status of people who are not suspected of any crime".<a href="#cite_note-287">[283]</a> The city in recent years has been a stronghold for the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a>, with around 94% of votes in the city going to <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a>, the Democratic candidate in the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020 Presidential election</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Detroit&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Education">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colleges_and_universities">Colleges and universities</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Detroit&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Colleges and universities">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Metro_Detroit#Education" title="Metro Detroit">Colleges and universities in Metro Detroit</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:UDMCollegeofBusinessAdministration.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/UDMCollegeofBusinessAdministration.jpg/170px-UDMCollegeofBusinessAdministration.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/UDMCollegeofBusinessAdministration.jpg/255px-UDMCollegeofBusinessAdministration.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/UDMCollegeofBusinessAdministration.jpg/340px-UDMCollegeofBusinessAdministration.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>College of Business Administration, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Detroit_Mercy" title="University of Detroit Mercy">University of Detroit Mercy</a></figcaption></figure> Detroit is home to several institutions of higher learning including <a href="/wiki/Wayne_State_University" title="Wayne State University">Wayne State University</a>, a national research university with medical and <a href="/wiki/Wayne_State_University_Law_School" title="Wayne State University Law School">law schools</a> in the Midtown area offering hundreds of academic degrees and programs. The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Detroit_Mercy" title="University of Detroit Mercy">University of Detroit Mercy</a>, in northwest Detroit in the <a href="/wiki/University_District,_Detroit" title="University District, Detroit">University District</a>, is a prominent <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Roman Catholic</a> <a href="/wiki/Mixed-sex_education" title="Mixed-sex education">co-educational</a> university affiliated with the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Jesus">Society of Jesus</a> (the Jesuits) and the <a href="/wiki/Sisters_of_Mercy" title="Sisters of Mercy">Sisters of Mercy</a>. The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Detroit_Mercy_School_of_Law" title="University of Detroit Mercy School of Law">University of Detroit Mercy School of Law</a> is downtown across from the Renaissance Center.<a href="#cite_note-288">[284]</a> <a href="/wiki/Grand_Valley_State_University" title="Grand Valley State University">Grand Valley State University</a>'s Detroit Center hosts workshops, seminars, professional development, and other large gatherings. Located in the heart of downtown next to Comerica Park and the Detroit Athletic Club, the center has become a key component for educational activity in the city.<a href="#cite_note-289">[285]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DeRoy_Auditorium_WSU_Detroit_MI.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/DeRoy_Auditorium_WSU_Detroit_MI.jpg/220px-DeRoy_Auditorium_WSU_Detroit_MI.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/DeRoy_Auditorium_WSU_Detroit_MI.jpg/330px-DeRoy_Auditorium_WSU_Detroit_MI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/DeRoy_Auditorium_WSU_Detroit_MI.jpg/440px-DeRoy_Auditorium_WSU_Detroit_MI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2491" data-file-height="1484" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/DeRoy_Auditorium" class="mw-redirect" title="DeRoy Auditorium">DeRoy Auditorium</a> at <a href="/wiki/Wayne_State_University" title="Wayne State University">Wayne State University</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Minoru_Yamasaki" title="Minoru Yamasaki">Minoru Yamasaki</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Sacred_Heart_Major_Seminary" title="Sacred Heart Major Seminary">Sacred Heart Major Seminary</a>, founded in 1919, is affiliated with <a href="/wiki/Pontifical_University_of_Saint_Thomas_Aquinas" title="Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas">Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas</a>, Angelicum in Rome and offers pontifical degrees as well as civil undergraduate and graduate degrees. Other institutions in the city include the <a href="/wiki/College_for_Creative_Studies" title="College for Creative Studies">College for Creative Studies</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wayne_County_Community_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayne County Community College">Wayne County Community College</a>. In June 2009, the <a href="/wiki/Michigan_State_University_College_of_Osteopathic_Medicine" title="Michigan State University College of Osteopathic Medicine">Michigan State University College of Osteopathic Medicine</a> which is based in <a href="/wiki/East_Lansing,_Michigan" title="East Lansing, Michigan">East Lansing</a> opened a satellite campus at the <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Medical_Center" title="Detroit Medical Center">Detroit Medical Center</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primary_and_secondary_schools">Primary and secondary schools</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Detroit&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Primary and secondary schools">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Educational_inequality_in_Southeast_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Educational inequality in Southeast Michigan">Educational inequality in Southeast Michigan</a></div> As of 2016<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Detroit&action=edit">[update]</a> many K-12 students in Detroit frequently change schools, with some children having been enrolled in seven schools before finishing their K-12 careers. There is a concentration of senior high schools and <a href="/wiki/Charter_schools" class="mw-redirect" title="Charter schools">charter schools</a> in the downtown area, which had wealthier residents and more gentrification relative to other parts of Detroit: Downtown, northwest Detroit, and northeast Detroit have 1,894, 3,742, and 6,018 students of high school age, respectively, while they have 11, three, and two high schools, respectively.<a href="#cite_note-Zernike-290">[286]</a> As of 2016<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Detroit&action=edit">[update]</a> because of the lack of public transportation and the lack of school bus services, many Detroit families have to rely on themselves to transport children to school.<a href="#cite_note-Zernike-290">[286]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Public_schools_and_charter_schools">Public schools and charter schools</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Detroit&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Public schools and charter schools">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Western_International_High_School_(Detroit).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Western_International_High_School_%28Detroit%29.jpg/220px-Western_International_High_School_%28Detroit%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Western_International_High_School_%28Detroit%29.jpg/330px-Western_International_High_School_%28Detroit%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Western_International_High_School_%28Detroit%29.jpg/440px-Western_International_High_School_%28Detroit%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2052" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Western_International_High_School" title="Western International High School">Western International High School</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cass_Technical_High_School_2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Cass_Technical_High_School_2010.jpg/220px-Cass_Technical_High_School_2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Cass_Technical_High_School_2010.jpg/330px-Cass_Technical_High_School_2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Cass_Technical_High_School_2010.jpg/440px-Cass_Technical_High_School_2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3549" data-file-height="2379" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cass_Technical_High_School" title="Cass Technical High School">Cass Technical High School</a></figcaption></figure> With about 66,000 public school students (2011–12), the <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Public_Schools" class="mw-redirect" title="Detroit Public Schools">Detroit Public Schools</a> (DPS) district is the largest <a href="/wiki/School_district" title="School district">school district</a> in Michigan. Detroit has an additional 56,000 charter school students for a combined enrollment of about 122,000 students.<a href="#cite_note-charter-291">[287]</a><a href="#cite_note-Enrollment-292">[288]</a> As of 2009<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Detroit&action=edit">[update]</a> there are about as many students in charter schools as there are in district schools.<a href="#cite_note-293">[289]</a> As of 2016<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Detroit&action=edit">[update]</a> DPS continues to have the majority of the special education pupils. In addition, some Detroit students, as of 2016, attend public schools in other municipalities.<a href="#cite_note-Zernike-290">[286]</a> In 1999, the <a href="/wiki/Michigan_Legislature" title="Michigan Legislature">Michigan Legislature</a> removed the locally elected board of education amid allegations of mismanagement and replaced it with a reform board appointed by the mayor and governor. The elected board of education was re-established following a city referendum in 2005. The first election of the new 11-member board of education occurred on November 8, 2005.<a href="#cite_note-294">[290]</a> With growing charter schools enrollment as well as a continued exodus of population, the city planned to close many public schools.<a href="#cite_note-charter-291">[287]</a> State officials report a 68% graduation rate for Detroit's public schools adjusted for those who change schools.<a href="#cite_note-295">[291]</a><a href="#cite_note-Detroitk12-296">[292]</a> Traditional public and charter school students in the city have performed poorly on standardized tests. <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 2009 and 2011, while Detroit traditional public schools scored a record low on national tests, the publicly funded charter schools did even worse than the traditional public schools.<a href="#cite_note-297">[293]</a><a href="#cite_note-298">[294]</a> As of 2016<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Detroit&action=edit">[update]</a> there were 30,000 excess openings in Detroit traditional public and charter schools, bearing in mind the number of K-12-aged children in the city. In 2016, <a href="/wiki/Kate_Zernike" title="Kate Zernike">Kate Zernike</a> of The New York Times stated school performance did not improve despite the proliferation of charters, describing the situation as "lots of choice, with no good choice".<a href="#cite_note-Zernike-290">[286]</a> Detroit public schools students scored the lowest on tests of reading and writing of all major cities in the United States in 2015. Among eighth-graders, only 27% showed basic proficiency in math and 44% in reading.<a href="#cite_note-299">[295]</a> Nearly half of Detroit's adults are <a href="/wiki/Functional_illiteracy" title="Functional illiteracy">functionally illiterate</a>.<a href="#cite_note-300">[296]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Private_schools">Private schools</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Detroit&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Private schools">edit</a>]</div> Detroit is served by various private schools, as well as parochial Roman Catholic schools operated by the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Detroit" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Detroit">Archdiocese of Detroit</a>. As of 2013<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Detroit&action=edit">[update]</a> there are four Catholic grade schools and three Catholic high schools in the City of Detroit, with all of them in the city's west side.<a href="#cite_note-Cathschool-301">[297]</a> The Archdiocese of Detroit lists a number of primary and secondary schools in the metro area as Catholic education has emigrated to the suburbs.<a href="#cite_note-302">[298]</a><a href="#cite_note-303">[299]</a> Of the three Catholic high schools, two are operated by the Society of Jesus and the third is co-sponsored by the <a href="/wiki/Sisters,_Servants_of_the_Immaculate_Heart_of_Mary" title="Sisters, Servants of the Immaculate Heart of Mary">Sisters, Servants of the Immaculate Heart of Mary</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Congregation_of_St._Basil" title="Congregation of St. Basil">Congregation of St. Basil</a>.<a href="#cite_note-AOD-304">[300]</a><a href="#cite_note-305">[301]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Detroit&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Media">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Media_in_Detroit" title="Media in Detroit">Media in Detroit</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FederalReserveBankDetroit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/FederalReserveBankDetroit.jpg/220px-FederalReserveBankDetroit.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/FederalReserveBankDetroit.jpg/330px-FederalReserveBankDetroit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/FederalReserveBankDetroit.jpg/440px-FederalReserveBankDetroit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2079" data-file-height="1743" /></a><figcaption>Offices of the Detroit Free Press and Detroit News</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Free_Press" title="Detroit Free Press">Detroit Free Press</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Detroit_News" title="The Detroit News">The Detroit News</a> are the major daily newspapers, both <a href="/wiki/Broadsheet" title="Broadsheet">broadsheet</a> publications published together under a <a href="/wiki/Joint_operating_agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="Joint operating agreement">joint operating agreement</a> called the <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Media_Partnership" title="Detroit Media Partnership">Detroit Media Partnership</a>. Media philanthropy includes the Detroit Free Press high school journalism program and the Old Newsboys' Goodfellow Fund of Detroit.<a href="#cite_note-306">[302]</a> In March 2009, the two newspapers reduced home delivery to three days per week, print reduced newsstand issues of the papers on non-delivery days and focus resources on Internet-based news delivery.<a href="#cite_note-307">[303]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Metro_Times" title="Metro Times">Metro Times</a>, founded in 1980, is a weekly publication, covering news, arts & entertainment.<a href="#cite_note-308">[304]</a> Founded in 1935 and based in Detroit, the <a href="/wiki/Michigan_Chronicle" title="Michigan Chronicle">Michigan Chronicle</a> is one of the oldest and most respected African-American weekly newspapers in America, covering politics, entertainment, sports and community events.<a href="#cite_note-309">[305]</a> The Detroit television market is the 11th largest in the United States;<a href="#cite_note-Nielson-310">[306]</a> according to estimates that do not include audiences in large areas of Ontario (Windsor and its surrounding area on broadcast and cable TV, as well as several other cable markets in Ontario, such as <a href="/wiki/Ottawa" title="Ottawa">Ottawa</a>) which receive and watch Detroit television stations.<a href="#cite_note-Nielson-310">[306]</a> Detroit has the 11th largest <a href="/wiki/Radio_market" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio market">radio market</a> in the United States,<a href="#cite_note-Arbitron-311">[307]</a> though this ranking does not take into account Canadian audiences.<a href="#cite_note-Arbitron-311">[307]</a> Nearby Canadian stations such as Windsor's <a href="/wiki/CKLW" title="CKLW">CKLW</a> (whose jingles formerly proclaimed "CKLW-the Motor City") are popular in Detroit.<a href="#cite_note-312">[308]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Infrastructure">Infrastructure</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Detroit&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Infrastructure">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Detroit_Public_Library_July_2018_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Detroit_Public_Library_July_2018_01.jpg/220px-Detroit_Public_Library_July_2018_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Detroit_Public_Library_July_2018_01.jpg/330px-Detroit_Public_Library_July_2018_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Detroit_Public_Library_July_2018_01.jpg/440px-Detroit_Public_Library_July_2018_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Public_Library" title="Detroit Public Library">Detroit Public Library</a> in 2018</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Health_systems">Health systems</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Detroit&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Health systems">edit</a>]</div> There are over a dozen major hospitals, which include the <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Medical_Center" title="Detroit Medical Center">Detroit Medical Center</a> (DMC), <a href="/wiki/Henry_Ford_Hospital" title="Henry Ford Hospital">Henry Ford Health System</a>, <a href="/wiki/St._John_Health" class="mw-redirect" title="St. John Health">St. John Health System</a>, and the John D. Dingell VA Medical Center. DMC, a regional <a href="/wiki/Level_I_trauma_center" class="mw-redirect" title="Level I trauma center">Level I trauma center</a>, consists of Detroit Receiving Hospital and University Health Center, <a href="/wiki/Children%27s_Hospital_of_Michigan" title="Children's Hospital of Michigan">Children's Hospital of Michigan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harper_University_Hospital" title="Harper University Hospital">Harper University Hospital</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hutzel_Women%27s_Hospital" title="Hutzel Women's Hospital">Hutzel Women's Hospital</a>, Kresge Eye Institute, <a href="/wiki/Rehabilitation_Institute_of_Michigan" title="Rehabilitation Institute of Michigan">Rehabilitation Institute of Michigan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sinai-Grace_Hospital" title="Sinai-Grace Hospital">Sinai-Grace Hospital</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Karmanos_Cancer_Institute" title="Karmanos Cancer Institute">Karmanos Cancer Institute</a>. DMC has more than 2,000 licensed beds and 3,000 affiliated physicians. It is the largest private employer in the city.<a href="#cite_note-WSUMED-313">[309]</a> The center is staffed by physicians from the <a href="/wiki/Wayne_State_University_School_of_Medicine" title="Wayne State University School of Medicine">Wayne State University School of Medicine</a>, the largest single-campus medical school in the United States and the fourth largest medical school overall.<a href="#cite_note-WSUMED-313">[309]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DMCOct2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/DMCOct2009.jpg/220px-DMCOct2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/DMCOct2009.jpg/330px-DMCOct2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/DMCOct2009.jpg/440px-DMCOct2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Harper_Hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="Harper Hospital">Harper Hospital</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hutzel_Women%27s_Hospital" title="Hutzel Women's Hospital">Hutzel Women's Hospital</a></figcaption></figure> DMC formally became a part of <a href="/wiki/Vanguard_Health_Systems" title="Vanguard Health Systems">Vanguard Health Systems</a> on December 30, 2010, as a for-profit corporation. Vanguard has agreed to invest nearly $1.5 B in the DMC complex.<a href="#cite_note-Lane-314">[310]</a><a href="#cite_note-Anstett-315">[311]</a> Vanguard has agreed to assume all debts and pension obligations.<a href="#cite_note-Lane-314">[310]</a> The metro area has many other hospitals including <a href="/wiki/William_Beaumont_Hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="William Beaumont Hospital">William Beaumont Hospital</a>, St. Joseph's, and <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan_Health_System" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Michigan Health System">University of Michigan Medical Center</a>. In 2011, DMC and Henry Ford Health System substantially increased investments in medical research facilities and hospitals in the city's Midtown and New Center.<a href="#cite_note-Lane-314">[310]</a><a href="#cite_note-Greene-316">[312]</a> In 2012, two major construction projects were begun in New Center. The Henry Ford Health System started the first phase of a $500 million, 300-acre revitalization project, with the construction of a new $30 million, 275,000-square-foot, Medical Distribution Center for <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Health,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Cardinal Health, Inc.">Cardinal Health, Inc.</a><a href="#cite_note-317">[313]</a><a href="#cite_note-318">[314]</a> and Wayne State University started construction on a new $93 million, 207,000-square-foot, Integrative Biosciences Center (IBio).<a href="#cite_note-Henderson-319">[315]</a><a href="#cite_note-320">[316]</a> As many as 500 researchers and staff will work out of the IBio Center.<a href="#cite_note-321">[317]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transportation">Transportation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Detroit&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Transportation">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_metropolitan_Detroit" title="Transportation in metropolitan Detroit">Transportation in metropolitan Detroit</a></div><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Test_train_at_Campus_Martius_station,_May_2017.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="See caption" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Test_train_at_Campus_Martius_station%2C_May_2017.jpg/220px-Test_train_at_Campus_Martius_station%2C_May_2017.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Test_train_at_Campus_Martius_station%2C_May_2017.jpg/330px-Test_train_at_Campus_Martius_station%2C_May_2017.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Test_train_at_Campus_Martius_station%2C_May_2017.jpg/440px-Test_train_at_Campus_Martius_station%2C_May_2017.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5740" data-file-height="3826" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/QLine" title="QLine">QLine</a> <a href="/wiki/Streetcar" class="mw-redirect" title="Streetcar">streetcar</a> at <a href="/wiki/Campus_Martius_station" title="Campus Martius station">Campus Martius station</a></figcaption></figure> With its proximity to Canada and its facilities, ports, major highways, rail connections and international airports, Detroit is an important transportation hub. The city has three international border crossings, the <a href="/wiki/Ambassador_Bridge" title="Ambassador Bridge">Ambassador Bridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Detroit%E2%80%93Windsor_Tunnel" class="mw-redirect" title="Detroit–Windsor Tunnel">Detroit–Windsor Tunnel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michigan_Central_Railway_Tunnel" title="Michigan Central Railway Tunnel">Michigan Central Railway Tunnel</a>, linking Detroit to Windsor. The Ambassador Bridge is the single busiest border crossing in North America, carrying 27% of the total trade between the U.S. and Canada.<a href="#cite_note-322">[318]</a> In 2015 Canadian Transport Minister Lisa Raitt announced Canada agreed to pay the entire cost to build a $250 million U.S. Customs plaza adjacent to the planned new Detroit–Windsor bridge, now the <a href="/wiki/Gordie_Howe_International_Bridge" title="Gordie Howe International Bridge">Gordie Howe International Bridge</a>. Canada had already planned to pay for 95% of the bridge, which will cost $2.1 billion and is expected to open in 2024.<a href="#cite_note-323">[319]</a> "This allows Canada and Michigan to move the project forward immediately to its next steps which include further design work and property acquisition on the U.S. side of the border", Raitt said in a statement issued after she spoke in the House of Commons. <a href="#cite_note-324">[320]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Transit_systems">Transit systems</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Detroit&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Transit systems">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Detroit_People_Mover_19200234349.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Detroit_People_Mover_19200234349.jpg/220px-Detroit_People_Mover_19200234349.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Detroit_People_Mover_19200234349.jpg/330px-Detroit_People_Mover_19200234349.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Detroit_People_Mover_19200234349.jpg/440px-Detroit_People_Mover_19200234349.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4342" data-file-height="2895" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Detroit_People_Mover" title="Detroit People Mover">Detroit People Mover</a> (DPM) <a href="/wiki/Elevated_railway" title="Elevated railway">elevated railway</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bricktown,_Detroit" class="mw-redirect" title="Bricktown, Detroit">Bricktown</a></figcaption></figure>Mass transit in the region is provided by bus services. The <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Department_of_Transportation" title="Detroit Department of Transportation">Detroit Department of Transportation</a> provides service within city limits up to the outer edges of the city. From there, the <a href="/wiki/Suburban_Mobility_Authority_for_Regional_Transportation" title="Suburban Mobility Authority for Regional Transportation">Suburban Mobility Authority for Regional Transportation (SMART)</a> provides service to the suburbs and the city regionally with local routes and SMART's FAST service. FAST is a new service provided by SMART which offers limited stops along major corridors throughout the Detroit metropolitan area connecting the suburbs to downtown. The new high-frequency service travels along three of Detroit's busiest corridors, Gratiot, Woodward, and Michigan, and only stops at designated FAST stops. Cross border service between the downtown areas of Windsor and Detroit is provided by <a href="/wiki/Transit_Windsor" title="Transit Windsor">Transit Windsor</a> via the Tunnel Bus.<a href="#cite_note-Tunnelbus-325">[321]</a> An elevated rail system known as the <a href="/wiki/Detroit_People_Mover" title="Detroit People Mover">People Mover</a>, completed in 1987, provides daily service around a 2.94-mile (4.73 km) loop downtown. The <a href="/wiki/QLINE" class="mw-redirect" title="QLINE">QLINE</a> serves as a link between the People Mover and the <a href="/wiki/Detroit_station" title="Detroit station">Amtrak station</a> via Woodward Avenue.<a href="#cite_note-326">[322]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Ann_Arbor%E2%80%93Detroit_Regional_Rail" title="Ann Arbor–Detroit Regional Rail">Ann Arbor–Detroit Regional Rail</a> line will extend from New Center, connecting to <a href="/wiki/Ann_Arbor,_Michigan" title="Ann Arbor, Michigan">Ann Arbor</a> via <a href="/wiki/Dearborn,_Michigan" title="Dearborn, Michigan">Dearborn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wayne,_Michigan" title="Wayne, Michigan">Wayne</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ypsilanti,_Michigan" title="Ypsilanti, Michigan">Ypsilanti</a> when it is opened.<a href="#cite_note-SEMCOGrail-327">[323]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Regional_Transit_Authority_of_Southeast_Michigan" title="Regional Transit Authority of Southeast Michigan">Regional Transit Authority (RTA)</a> was established by an act of the Michigan legislature in 2012 to oversee and coordinate all existing regional mass transit operations, and to develop new transit services in the region. The RTA's first project was the introduction of RelfeX, a <a href="/wiki/Limited-stop" title="Limited-stop">limited-stop</a>, cross-county bus service connecting downtown and midtown Detroit with Oakland county via Woodward avenue.<a href="#cite_note-328">[324]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Detroit_Amtrak_station.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Detroit_Amtrak_station.jpg/220px-Detroit_Amtrak_station.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Detroit_Amtrak_station.jpg/330px-Detroit_Amtrak_station.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Detroit_Amtrak_station.jpg/440px-Detroit_Amtrak_station.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Amtrak_Wolverine" class="mw-redirect" title="Amtrak Wolverine">Amtrak Wolverine</a> at <a href="/wiki/Detroit_station" title="Detroit station">Detroit station</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Amtrak" title="Amtrak">Amtrak</a> provides service to Detroit, operating its <a href="/wiki/Wolverine_(Amtrak_train)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wolverine (Amtrak train)">Wolverine</a> service between Chicago and <a href="/wiki/Pontiac,_Michigan" title="Pontiac, Michigan">Pontiac</a>. The Amtrak station is in New Center north of downtown. Intercity bus service is offered at the <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Bus_Station" title="Detroit Bus Station">Detroit Bus Station</a>. <a href="/wiki/Greyhound_Lines" title="Greyhound Lines">Greyhound Lines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flixbus" class="mw-redirect" title="Flixbus">Flixbus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_Trails" title="Indian Trails">Indian Trails</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Barons_Bus_Lines" title="Barons Bus Lines">Barons Bus Lines</a> connect Detroit with numerous cities across the <a href="/wiki/Midwest" class="mw-redirect" title="Midwest">Midwest</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Car_ownership">Car ownership</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Detroit&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Car ownership">edit</a>]</div> The city of Detroit has a higher than average percentage of households without a car. In 2016, 24.7% of Detroit households lacked a car, much higher than the national average of 8.7%. Detroit averaged 1.15 cars per household in 2016, compared to a national average of 1.8.<a href="#cite_note-329">[325]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Freight_railroads">Freight railroads</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Detroit&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Freight railroads">edit</a>]</div> Freight railroad operations in the city of Detroit are provided by <a href="/wiki/Canadian_National_Railway" title="Canadian National Railway">Canadian National Railway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Pacific_Railway" title="Canadian Pacific Railway">Canadian Pacific Railway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Conrail_Shared_Assets" class="mw-redirect" title="Conrail Shared Assets">Conrail Shared Assets</a>, <a href="/wiki/CSX_Transportation" title="CSX Transportation">CSX Transportation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Southern_Railway" title="Norfolk Southern Railway">Norfolk Southern Railway</a>, each of which have local yards within the city. Detroit is also served by the <a href="/wiki/Delray_Connecting_Railroad" title="Delray Connecting Railroad">Delray Connecting Railroad</a> and <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Connecting_Railroad" title="Detroit Connecting Railroad">Detroit Connecting Railroad</a> shortlines.<a href="#cite_note-330">[326]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Airports">Airports</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Detroit&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Airports">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DTW_McNamara_terminal_interior_(29559579673).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/DTW_McNamara_terminal_interior_%2829559579673%29.jpg/220px-DTW_McNamara_terminal_interior_%2829559579673%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/DTW_McNamara_terminal_interior_%2829559579673%29.jpg/330px-DTW_McNamara_terminal_interior_%2829559579673%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/DTW_McNamara_terminal_interior_%2829559579673%29.jpg/440px-DTW_McNamara_terminal_interior_%2829559579673%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Detroit_Metropolitan_Wayne_County_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport">Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport</a> (DTW), the principal airport serving Detroit, is located in nearby <a href="/wiki/Romulus,_Michigan" title="Romulus, Michigan">Romulus</a>.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Metropolitan_Wayne_County_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport">Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport</a> (DTW), the principal airport serving Detroit, is in nearby <a href="/wiki/Romulus,_Michigan" title="Romulus, Michigan">Romulus</a>. DTW is a primary hub for <a href="/wiki/Delta_Air_Lines" title="Delta Air Lines">Delta Air Lines</a> (following its acquisition of Northwest Airlines), and a secondary hub for <a href="/wiki/Spirit_Airlines" title="Spirit Airlines">Spirit Airlines</a>. The airport is connected to <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Detroit" title="Downtown Detroit">Downtown Detroit</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Suburban_Mobility_Authority_for_Regional_Transportation" title="Suburban Mobility Authority for Regional Transportation">Suburban Mobility Authority for Regional Transportation (SMART)</a> FAST Michigan route.<a href="#cite_note-331">[327]</a> <a href="/wiki/Coleman_A._Young_International_Airport" title="Coleman A. Young International Airport">Coleman A. Young International Airport</a> (DET), previously called Detroit City Airport, is on Detroit's northeast side; the airport now maintains only charter service and <a href="/wiki/General_aviation" title="General aviation">general aviation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-332">[328]</a> <a href="/wiki/Willow_Run_Airport" title="Willow Run Airport">Willow Run Airport</a>, in western Wayne County near Ypsilanti, is a general aviation and cargo airport.<a href="#cite_note-333">[329]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Freeways">Freeways</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Detroit&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Freeways">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Roads_and_freeways_in_metropolitan_Detroit" title="Roads and freeways in metropolitan Detroit">Roads and freeways in metropolitan Detroit</a></div> Metro Detroit has an extensive toll-free network of freeways administered by the <a href="/wiki/Michigan_Department_of_Transportation" title="Michigan Department of Transportation">Michigan Department of Transportation</a>. Four major Interstate Highways surround the city. Detroit is connected via <a href="/wiki/Interstate_75_in_Michigan" title="Interstate 75 in Michigan">I-75</a> and <a href="/wiki/Interstate_96" title="Interstate 96">I-96</a> to <a href="/wiki/Ontario_Highway_401" title="Ontario Highway 401">Kings Highway 401</a> and to major <a href="/wiki/Southern_Ontario" title="Southern Ontario">Southern Ontario</a> cities such as <a href="/wiki/London,_Ontario" title="London, Ontario">London, Ontario</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Toronto_Area" title="Greater Toronto Area">Greater Toronto Area</a>. I-75 (Chrysler and Fisher freeways) is the region's main north–south route, serving <a href="/wiki/Flint,_Michigan" title="Flint, Michigan">Flint</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pontiac,_Michigan" title="Pontiac, Michigan">Pontiac</a>, <a href="/wiki/Troy,_Michigan" title="Troy, Michigan">Troy</a>, and Detroit, before continuing south (as the Detroit–Toledo and Seaway Freeways) to serve many of the communities along the shore of Lake Erie.<a href="#cite_note-Cantor-334">[330]</a> <a href="/wiki/Interstate_94_in_Michigan" title="Interstate 94 in Michigan">I-94</a> (Edsel Ford Freeway) runs east–west through Detroit and serves Ann Arbor to the west (where it continues to <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>) and Port Huron to the northeast. The stretch of the I-94 freeway from Ypsilanti to Detroit was one of America's earlier limited-access highways. <a href="/wiki/Henry_Ford" title="Henry Ford">Henry Ford</a> built it to link the factories at Willow Run and Dearborn during World War II. A portion was known as the Willow Run Expressway. The I-96 freeway runs northwest–southeast through Livingston, Oakland and Wayne counties and (as the Jeffries Freeway through Wayne County) has its eastern terminus in downtown Detroit.<a href="#cite_note-Cantor-334">[330]</a> <a href="/wiki/Interstate_275_(Michigan)" title="Interstate 275 (Michigan)">I-275</a> runs north–south from I-75 in the south to the junction of I-96 and <a href="/wiki/Interstate_696" title="Interstate 696">I-696</a> in the north, providing a bypass through the western suburbs of Detroit. <a href="/wiki/Interstate_375_(Michigan)" title="Interstate 375 (Michigan)">I-375</a> is a short spur route in downtown Detroit, an extension of the Chrysler Freeway. I-696 (Reuther Freeway) runs east–west from the junction of I-96 and I-275, providing a route through the northern suburbs of Detroit. Taken together, I-275 and I-696 form a semicircle around Detroit. Michigan state highways designated with the letter M serve to connect major freeways.<a href="#cite_note-Cantor-334">[330]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Floating_post_office">Floating post office</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Detroit&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Floating post office">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:J.W._Westcott_II.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/J.W._Westcott_II.jpg/220px-J.W._Westcott_II.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/J.W._Westcott_II.jpg/330px-J.W._Westcott_II.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/J.W._Westcott_II.jpg/440px-J.W._Westcott_II.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4736" data-file-height="3157" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/J.W._Westcott_II" class="mw-redirect" title="J.W. Westcott II">J.W. Westcott II</a> on the Detroit River in front of the Ambassador Bridge</figcaption></figure> Detroit has a floating post office, the <a href="/wiki/J._W._Westcott_II" title="J. W. Westcott II">J. W. Westcott II</a>, which serves lake freighters along the Detroit River. Its <a href="/wiki/ZIP_Code" title="ZIP Code">ZIP Code</a> is 48222.<a href="#cite_note-335">[331]</a> The ZIP Code is used exclusively for the J. W. Westcott II, which makes it the only floating ZIP Code in the United States. It has a land-based office at 12 24th Street, just south of the Ambassador Bridge. The J.W. Westcott Company was established in 1874 by Captain <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Ward_Westcott&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Ward Westcott (page does not exist)">John Ward Westcott</a> as a maritime reporting agency to inform other vessels about port conditions,<a href="#cite_note-336">[332]</a> and the J. W. Westcott II vessel began service in 1949 and is still in operation today.<a href="#cite_note-337">[333]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Detroit&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Notable people">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a more comprehensive list, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Detroit" title="List of people from Detroit">List of people from Detroit</a>.</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sister_cities">Sister cities</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Detroit&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: Sister cities">edit</a>]</div> Detroit's <a href="/wiki/Sister_city" title="Sister city">sister cities</a> include the following:<a href="#cite_note-338">[334]</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a>, China</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates"><img alt="United Arab Emirates" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Dubai" title="Dubai">Dubai</a>, United Arab Emirates</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia"><img alt="Zambia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kitwe" title="Kitwe">Kitwe</a>, Zambia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus"><img alt="Belarus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Minsk" title="Minsk">Minsk</a>, Belarus</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bahamas" title="The Bahamas"><img alt="The Bahamas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Nassau,_Bahamas" class="mw-redirect" title="Nassau, Bahamas">Nassau</a>, Bahamas</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Toyota,_Aichi" title="Toyota, Aichi">Toyota</a>, Japan<a href="#cite_note-339">[335]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a>, Italy<a href="#cite_note-340">[336]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Detroit&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/USS_Detroit" title="USS Detroit">USS Detroit</a>, at least 6 ships</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Detroit&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a> Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the highest and lowest temperature readings during an entire month or year) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a> Official records for Detroit were kept at downtown from January 1874 to December 1933, <a href="/wiki/Detroit_City_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Detroit City Airport">Detroit City Airport</a> from February 1934 to March 1966, and at DTW since April 1966. For more information, see <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://threadex.rcc-acis.org">ThreadEx</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-fifteen-176">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fifteen_176-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-fifteen_176-1">b</a> From 15% sample </li> <li id="cite_note-245"><a href="#cite_ref-245">^</a> Commemorated in the movie <a href="/wiki/8_Mile_(film)" title="8 Mile (film)">8 Mile</a> (2002) </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Detroit&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-GNIS-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GNIS_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-GNIS_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-GNIS_1-2">c</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edits.nationalmap.gov/apps/gaz-domestic/public/search/names/1617959">"Detroit"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Geographic_Names_Information_System" title="Geographic Names Information System">Geographic Names Information System</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey" title="United States Geological Survey">United States Geological Survey</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Interior" title="United States Department of the Interior">United States Department of the Interior</a>. Retrieved July 27, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Detroit&rft.btitle=Geographic+Names+Information+System&rft.pub=United+States+Geological+Survey%2C+United+States+Department+of+the+Interior&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedits.nationalmap.gov%2Fapps%2Fgaz-domestic%2Fpublic%2Fsearch%2Fnames%2F1617959&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADetroit" class="Z3988">. </li> <li id="cite_note-CenPopGazetteer2020-2"><a href="#cite_ref-CenPopGazetteer2020_2-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_gaz_place_26.txt">"2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files"</a>. United States Census Bureau. 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Retrieved May 16, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=City+and+Town+Population+Totals%3A+2020-2023&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft.date=2024-05-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fquickfacts%2Ffact%2Ftable%2Fdetroitcitymichigan%2FAFN120217&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADetroit" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-urban_area-5"><a href="#cite_ref-urban_area_5-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/geography/guidance/geo-areas/urban-rural.html">"List of 2020 Census Urban Areas"</a>. census.gov. United States Census Bureau. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.city.toyota.aichi.jp/e/info/sister/sister_cities.html">the original</a> on January 17, 2010. Retrieved July 1, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=International+Sister+Cities&rft.pub=City.toyota.aichi.jp&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.city.toyota.aichi.jp%2Fe%2Finfo%2Fsister%2Fsister_cities.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADetroit" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-340"><a href="#cite_ref-340">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.comune.torino.it/relint/inglese/gemellaggieaccordi/index.shtml">"Twinnings and Agreements"</a>. Comune.torino.it. Retrieved April 2, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Comune.torino.it&rft.atitle=Twinnings+and+Agreements&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.comune.torino.it%2Frelint%2Finglese%2Fgemellaggieaccordi%2Findex.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADetroit" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Detroit&action=edit&section=54" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArnaud,_Michel2017" class="citation book cs1">Arnaud, Michel (2017). Detroit: the dream is now: the design, art, and resurgence of an American city. Abrams.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Detroit%3A+the+dream+is+now%3A+the+design%2C+art%2C+and+resurgence+of+an+American+city&rft.pub=Abrams&rft.date=2017&rft.au=Arnaud%2C+Michel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADetroit" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBabson,_Steve1984" class="citation book cs1">Babson, Steve (1984). Working Detroit. Adama Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Working+Detroit&rft.pub=Adama+Books&rft.date=1984&rft.au=Babson%2C+Steve&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADetroit" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBak,_Richard2001" class="citation book cs1">Bak, Richard (2001). Detroit Across Three Centuries. Thomson Gale. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-58536-001-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-58536-001-5"><bdi>1-58536-001-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Detroit+Across+Three+Centuries&rft.pub=Thomson+Gale&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=1-58536-001-5&rft.au=Bak%2C+Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADetroit" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Barrow, Heather B. Henry Ford's Plan for the American Suburb: Dearborn and Detroit. DeKalb, IL: Northern Illinois University Press, 2015.</li> <li>Bates, Beth Tompkins. The Making of Black Detroit in the Age of Henry Ford. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 2012.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBergmann,_Luke2010" class="citation book cs1">Bergmann, Luke (September 8, 2010). Getting Ghost: Two Young Lives and the Struggle for the Soul of an American City. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan_Press" title="University of Michigan Press">University of Michigan Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-472-03436-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-472-03436-9"><bdi>978-0-472-03436-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Getting+Ghost%3A+Two+Young+Lives+and+the+Struggle+for+the+Soul+of+an+American+City&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&rft.date=2010-09-08&rft.isbn=978-0-472-03436-9&rft.au=Bergmann%2C+Luke&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADetroit" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerman,_Lila_Corwin2016" class="citation book cs1">Berman, Lila Corwin (2016). Metropolitan Jews : politics, race, and religion in postwar Detroit. University of Chicago Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Metropolitan+Jews+%3A+politics%2C+race%2C+and+religion+in+postwar+Detroit&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.au=Berman%2C+Lila+Corwin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADetroit" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBjorn,_LarsJim_Gallert2001" class="citation book cs1">Bjorn, Lars; Jim Gallert (2001). Before Motown: a history of Jazz in Detroit. University of Michigan Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Before+Motown%3A+a+history+of+Jazz+in+Detroit&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.au=Bjorn%2C+Lars&rft.au=Jim+Gallert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADetroit" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoland,_S._R.Marilyn_Bond2002" class="citation book cs1">Boland, S. R.; Marilyn Bond (2002). The birth of Detroit sound. 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The Detroit News Association.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Story+of+Detroit&rft.pub=The+Detroit+News+Association&rft.date=1923&rft.au=Catlin%2C+George+B.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fquod.lib.umich.edu%2Fcgi%2Ft%2Ftext%2Ftext-idx%3Fc%3Dmicounty%3Bidno%3DAPK1036.0001.001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADetroit" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChafets1990" class="citation book cs1">Chafets, Zeʼev (1990). Devil's Night and Other True Tales of Detroit. Random House.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Devil%27s+Night+and+Other+True+Tales+of+Detroit&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=1990&rft.aulast=Chafets&rft.aufirst=Ze%CA%BCev&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADetroit" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClemens,_Paul2005" class="citation book cs1">Clemens, Paul (2005). Made in Detroit: a south of 8 Mile memoir. Doubleday.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Made+in+Detroit%3A+a+south+of+8+Mile+memoir&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=2005&rft.au=Clemens%2C+Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADetroit" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunnigan,_Brian_Leigh2001" class="citation book cs1">Dunnigan, Brian Leigh (2001). Frontier Metropolis, Picturing Early Detroit, 1701–1838. Great Lakes Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8143-2767-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-8143-2767-2"><bdi>0-8143-2767-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Frontier+Metropolis%2C+Picturing+Early+Detroit%2C+1701%E2%80%931838&rft.pub=Great+Lakes+Books&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-8143-2767-2&rft.au=Dunnigan%2C+Brian+Leigh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADetroit" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarley,_Reynolds2002" class="citation book cs1">Farley, Reynolds; et al. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/detroitdivided0000farl">Detroit Divided</a>. Russell Sage Foundation Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87154-281-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-87154-281-1"><bdi>0-87154-281-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Detroit+Divided&rft.pub=Russell+Sage+Foundation+Publications&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-87154-281-1&rft.au=Farley%2C+Reynolds&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdetroitdivided0000farl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADetroit" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoley,_Aaron2017" class="citation book cs1">Foley, Aaron (2017). The Detroit neighborhood guidebook. Belt Publishing.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Detroit+neighborhood+guidebook&rft.pub=Belt+Publishing&rft.date=2017&rft.au=Foley%2C+Aaron&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADetroit" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoley,_Aaron2015" class="citation book cs1">Foley, Aaron (2015). How to live in Detroit without being a Jackass. Belt Publishing.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+to+live+in+Detroit+without+being+a+Jackass&rft.pub=Belt+Publishing&rft.date=2015&rft.au=Foley%2C+Aaron&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADetroit" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/works/OL161750W/The_history_of_Detroit_and_Michigan_or_The_metropolis_illustrat">Farmer, Silas. (1884) (July 1969) The history of Detroit and Michigan, or, The metropolis illustrated: a chronological cyclopaedia of the past and present: including a full record of territorial days in Michigan, and the annuals of Wayne County, in various formats at</a> <a href="/wiki/Open_Library" title="Open Library">Open Library</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarmer,_Silas1889" class="citation book cs1">Farmer, Silas (1889). History of Detroit and Wayne County and Early Michigan. Omnigraphics Inc; Reprint edition (October 1998). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55888-991-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-55888-991-4"><bdi>1-55888-991-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Detroit+and+Wayne+County+and+Early+Michigan&rft.pub=Omnigraphics+Inc%3B+Reprint+edition+%28October+1998%29&rft.date=1889&rft.isbn=1-55888-991-4&rft.au=Farmer%2C+Silas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADetroit" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGallagher,_John2010" class="citation book cs1">Gallagher, John (2010). Reimagining Detroit: opportunities for redefining an American city. Wayne State University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reimagining+Detroit%3A+opportunities+for+redefining+an+American+city&rft.pub=Wayne+State+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.au=Gallagher%2C+John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADetroit" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Galster, George. (2012). Driving Detroit: The Quest for Respect in the Motor City University of Pennsylvania Press</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGavrilovich,_PeterBill_McGraw2006" class="citation book cs1">Gavrilovich, Peter; Bill McGraw (2006). The Detroit Almanac, 2nd edition. Detroit Free Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-937247-48-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-937247-48-8"><bdi>978-0-937247-48-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Detroit+Almanac%2C+2nd+edition&rft.pub=Detroit+Free+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-937247-48-8&rft.au=Gavrilovich%2C+Peter&rft.au=Bill+McGraw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADetroit" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGodzak,_Roman2004" class="citation book cs1">Godzak, Roman (2004). Catholic Churches of Detroit. 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Arcadia.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%22Detroit%3A+An+American+City%22.+Special+Issue+of+Michigan+Quarterly+Review.+Spring+1986&rft.pub=Arcadia&rft.date=1986&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADetroit" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHartigan,_John1999" class="citation book cs1">Hartigan, John (1999). Racial Situations: Class Predicaments of Whiteness in Detroit. Princeton University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Racial+Situations%3A+Class+Predicaments+of+Whiteness+in+Detroit&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.au=Hartigan%2C+John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADetroit" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHill,_Eric_J.John_Gallagher2002" class="citation book cs1">Hill, Eric J.; John Gallagher (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/aiadetroitameric0000hill">AIA Detroit: The American Institute of Architects Guide to Detroit Architecture</a>. Wayne State University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8143-3120-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-8143-3120-3"><bdi>0-8143-3120-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=AIA+Detroit%3A+The+American+Institute+of+Architects+Guide+to+Detroit+Architecture&rft.pub=Wayne+State+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-8143-3120-3&rft.au=Hill%2C+Eric+J.&rft.au=John+Gallagher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Faiadetroitameric0000hill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADetroit" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Holli, Melvin G., and Jones, Peter d'A., eds. Biographical Dictionary of American Mayors, 1820-1980 (Greenwood Press, 1981) short scholarly biographies each of the city's mayors 1820 to 1980. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/biographicaldict0000unse_r8s1">online</a>; see index at p. 408 for list.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIbbotson,_Patricia2007" class="citation book cs1">Ibbotson, Patricia (2007). Detroit's historic hotels and restaurants. Arcadia.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Detroit%27s+historic+hotels+and+restaurants&rft.pub=Arcadia&rft.date=2007&rft.au=Ibbotson%2C+Patricia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADetroit" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJarvis,_Donna2008" class="citation book cs1">Jarvis, Donna (2008). 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The most dangerous man in Detroit. Basic Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+most+dangerous+man+in+Detroit&rft.pub=Basic+Books&rft.date=1995&rft.au=Lichtenstein%2C+Nelson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADetroit" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLocke,_Hubert_G.1969" class="citation book cs1">Locke, Hubert G. (1969). The Detroit Riot of 1967. Wayne State University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Detroit+Riot+of+1967&rft.pub=Wayne+State+University+Press&rft.date=1969&rft.au=Locke%2C+Hubert+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADetroit" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaraniss,_David2015" class="citation book cs1">Maraniss, David (2015). Once in a great city: A Detroit story. Simon & Schuster.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Once+in+a+great+city%3A+A+Detroit+story&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=2015&rft.au=Maraniss%2C+David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADetroit" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartelle,_Scott2012" class="citation book cs1">Martelle, Scott (2012). Detroit (a biography). Chicago Review Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Detroit+%28a+biography%29&rft.pub=Chicago+Review+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.au=Martelle%2C+Scott&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADetroit" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorrison,_Jeff2019" class="citation book cs1">Morrison, Jeff (2019). Guardians of Detroit: Architectural Sculpture in the Motor City. Wayne State University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guardians+of+Detroit%3A+Architectural+Sculpture+in+the+Motor+City&rft.pub=Wayne+State+University+Press&rft.date=2019&rft.au=Morrison%2C+Jeff&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADetroit" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Philp, Drew (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://drewphilp.com">A $500 house in Detroit: rebuilding an abandoned home and an American city.</a> Scribner.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPoremba,_David_Lee2001" class="citation book cs1">Poremba, David Lee (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/detroitinitsworl0000unse">Detroit in Its World Setting</a>. Wayne State University. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8143-2870-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-8143-2870-9"><bdi>0-8143-2870-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Detroit+in+Its+World+Setting&rft.pub=Wayne+State+University&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-8143-2870-9&rft.au=Poremba%2C+David+Lee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdetroitinitsworl0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADetroit" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPoremba,_David_Lee2003" class="citation book cs1">Poremba, David Lee (2003). Detroit: A Motor City History (Images of America). Arcadia Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7385-2435-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-7385-2435-2"><bdi>0-7385-2435-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Detroit%3A+A+Motor+City+History+%28Images+of+America%29&rft.pub=Arcadia+Publishing&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-7385-2435-2&rft.au=Poremba%2C+David+Lee&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADetroit" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPosner,_Gerald2002" class="citation book cs1">Posner, Gerald (2002). Motown. Random House.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Motown&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=2002&rft.au=Posner%2C+Gerald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADetroit" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Powell, L. P (1901). "Detroit, the Queen City", Historic Towns of the Western States (New York).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSharoff,_Robert2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Sharoff" title="Robert Sharoff">Sharoff, Robert</a> (2005). American City: Detroit Architecture. Wayne State University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8143-3270-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-8143-3270-6"><bdi>0-8143-3270-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+City%3A+Detroit+Architecture&rft.pub=Wayne+State+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-8143-3270-6&rft.au=Sharoff%2C+Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADetroit" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSobocinski,_Melanie_Grunow2005" class="citation book cs1">Sobocinski, Melanie Grunow (2005). Detroit and Rome: building on the past. Regents of the University of Michigan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-933691-09-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-933691-09-2"><bdi>0-933691-09-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Detroit+and+Rome%3A+building+on+the+past&rft.pub=Regents+of+the+University+of+Michigan&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-933691-09-2&rft.au=Sobocinski%2C+Melanie+Grunow&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADetroit" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStahl,_Kenneth2009" class="citation book cs1">Stahl, Kenneth (2009). Detroit's Great Rebellion. Kenneth Stahl. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9799157-0-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9799157-0-3"><bdi>978-0-9799157-0-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Detroit%27s+Great+Rebellion&rft.pub=Kenneth+Stahl&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-9799157-0-3&rft.au=Stahl%2C+Kenneth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADetroit" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylor,_Paul2013" class="citation book cs1">Taylor, Paul (2013). "Old Slow Town": Detroit during the Civil War. Wayne State University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8143-3603-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8143-3603-8"><bdi>978-0-8143-3603-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%22Old+Slow+Town%22%3A+Detroit+during+the+Civil+War&rft.pub=Wayne+State+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-8143-3603-8&rft.au=Taylor%2C+Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADetroit" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVergara,_Camilo_José2016" class="citation book cs1">Vergara, Camilo José (2016). Detroit Is No Dry Bones: The Eternal City of the Industrial Age. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan_Press" title="University of Michigan Press">University of Michigan Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Detroit+Is+No+Dry+Bones%3A+The+Eternal+City+of+the+Industrial+Age&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.au=Vergara%2C+Camilo+Jos%C3%A9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADetroit" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhitall,_Susan1998" class="citation book cs1">Whitall, Susan (1998). Women of Motown. Avon.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women+of+Motown&rft.pub=Avon&rft.date=1998&rft.au=Whitall%2C+Susan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADetroit" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWidick,_J.J.1972" class="citation book cs1">Widick, J.J. (1972). Detroit: City of race and class violence. Wayne State University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Detroit%3A+City+of+race+and+class+violence&rft.pub=Wayne+State+University+Press&rft.date=1972&rft.au=Widick%2C+J.J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADetroit" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoodford,_Arthur_M.2001" class="citation book cs1">Woodford, Arthur M. (2001). This is Detroit 1701–2001. Wayne State University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8143-2914-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-8143-2914-4"><bdi>0-8143-2914-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=This+is+Detroit+1701%E2%80%932001&rft.pub=Wayne+State+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-8143-2914-4&rft.au=Woodford%2C+Arthur+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADetroit" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primary_sources">Primary sources</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Detroit&action=edit&section=55" title="Edit section: Primary sources">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Moon, Elaine Latzman (1994). Untold tales, unsung heroes: an oral history of Detroit's African American community, 1918-1967, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/untoldtalesunsun0000moon">online</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Detroit&action=edit&section=56" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Detroit at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Detroit" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Detroit">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Detroit" class="extiw" title="c:Detroit">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Detroit" class="extiw" title="n:Category:Detroit">News</a> from Wikinews</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 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decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Detroit" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Detroit">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Detroit" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Detroit">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Detroit" class="extiw" title="voy:Detroit">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.detroitmi.gov/">Official website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.detroitchamber.com/">Detroit Regional Chamber</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://reuther.wayne.edu">Labor, Urban Affairs and Detroit History archival collections</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Walter_P._Reuther_Library" title="Walter P. Reuther Library">Walter P. Reuther Library</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digital.library.wayne.edu/item/wayne:collectionvmc">Virtual Motor City Collection</a> at <a href="/wiki/Wayne_State_University" title="Wayne State University">Wayne State University</a> Library, contains over 30,000 images of Detroit from 1890 to 1980</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mobile.nytimes.com/2018/03/26/travel/architecture-detroit-albert-kahn.html">"In Energized Detroit, Savoring an Architectural Legacy"</a>. The New York Times. March 26, 2018.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Places_adjacent_to_Detroit" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Adjacent_communities" title="Template talk:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Places_adjacent_to_Detroit" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Places adjacent to Detroit</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table role="presentation" style="width:100%; margin:0; text-align:center;"><tbody><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Southfield,_Michigan" title="Southfield, Michigan">Southfield</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oak_Park,_Michigan" title="Oak Park, Michigan">Oak Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ferndale,_Michigan" title="Ferndale, Michigan">Ferndale</a> <a href="/wiki/Hazel_Park,_Michigan" title="Hazel Park, Michigan">Hazel Park</a> <a href="/wiki/Royal_Oak_Charter_Township,_Michigan" title="Royal Oak Charter Township, Michigan">Royal Oak Charter Township</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Warren,_Michigan" title="Warren, Michigan">Warren</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eastpointe,_Michigan" title="Eastpointe, Michigan">Eastpointe</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/14px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/21px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/28px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Redford,_Michigan" title="Redford, Michigan">Redford</a> <a href="/wiki/Dearborn_Heights,_Michigan" title="Dearborn Heights, Michigan">Dearborn Heights</a></td> <td style="width:33%;"> <div style="white-space:nowrap;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/17px-Pfeil_links.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/25px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/34px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" />Detroit, <a href="/wiki/Highland_Park,_Michigan" title="Highland Park, Michigan">Highland Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hamtramck,_Michigan" title="Hamtramck, Michigan">Hamtramck</a><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/17px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/25px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/34px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></div> </td> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Harper_Woods,_Michigan" title="Harper Woods, Michigan">Harper Woods</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grosse_Pointe_Woods,_Michigan" title="Grosse Pointe Woods, Michigan">Grosse Pointe Woods</a> <a href="/wiki/Grosse_Pointe_Farms,_Michigan" title="Grosse Pointe Farms, Michigan">Grosse Pointe Farms</a> <a href="/wiki/Grosse_Pointe_Park,_Michigan" title="Grosse Pointe Park, Michigan">Grosse Pointe Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grosse_Pointe,_Michigan" title="Grosse Pointe, Michigan">Grosse Pointe</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/14px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/21px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/28px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dearborn,_Michigan" title="Dearborn, Michigan">Dearborn</a> <a href="/wiki/Melvindale,_Michigan" title="Melvindale, Michigan">Melvindale</a> <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Park,_Michigan" title="Lincoln Park, Michigan">Lincoln Park</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/River_Rouge,_Michigan" title="River Rouge, Michigan">River Rouge</a> <a href="/wiki/Ecorse,_Michigan" title="Ecorse, Michigan">Ecorse</a></td> <td>Detroit River <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Windsor,_Ontario" title="Windsor, Ontario">Windsor, Ontario</a>, Canada</td> </tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_City_of_Detroit" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Detroit" title="Template:Detroit"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Detroit" title="Template talk:Detroit"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Detroit" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Detroit"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_City_of_Detroit" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Detroit.svg/23px-Flag_of_Detroit.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Detroit.svg/35px-Flag_of_Detroit.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Detroit.svg/46px-Flag_of_Detroit.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">City of Detroit</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_metropolitan_Detroit" title="Architecture of metropolitan Detroit">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Detroit" title="Culture of Detroit">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detroit_River" title="Detroit River">Detroit River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_metropolitan_Detroit" title="Economy of metropolitan Detroit">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detroit_Fire_Department" title="Detroit Fire Department">Fire & rescue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roads_and_freeways_in_metropolitan_Detroit" title="Roads and freeways in metropolitan Detroit">Freeways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Detroit" title="Government of Detroit">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Detroit" title="History of Detroit">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Detroit" title="Timeline of Detroit">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Detroit" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Detroit">Historic places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detroit_International_Riverfront" title="Detroit International Riverfront">International Riverfront</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_in_Detroit" title="Media in Detroit">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Detroit" title="Music of Detroit">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neighborhoods_in_Detroit" class="mw-redirect" title="Neighborhoods in Detroit">Neighborhoods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicknames_of_Detroit" title="Nicknames of Detroit">Nicknames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Parks_in_metropolitan_Detroit" title="Template:Parks in metropolitan Detroit">Parks and beaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Detroit" title="List of people from Detroit">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detroit_Police_Department" title="Detroit Police Department">Police</a> and <a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Detroit" title="Crime in Detroit">crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Performing_arts_in_Detroit" title="Performing arts in Detroit">Performing arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Detroit" title="List of tallest buildings in Detroit">Skyscrapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Detroit" title="Sports in Detroit">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_metropolitan_Detroit" title="Tourism in metropolitan Detroit">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_metropolitan_Detroit" title="Transportation in metropolitan Detroit">Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detroit_Water_and_Sewerage_Department" title="Detroit Water and Sewerage Department">Water works</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_Detroit_(B%26W).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Seal of Detroit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Seal_of_Detroit_%28B%26W%29.svg/80px-Seal_of_Detroit_%28B%26W%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Seal_of_Detroit_%28B%26W%29.svg/120px-Seal_of_Detroit_%28B%26W%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Seal_of_Detroit_%28B%26W%29.svg/160px-Seal_of_Detroit_%28B%26W%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="585" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metro_Detroit" title="Metro Detroit">Metro Detroit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Municipalities_and_communities_of_Wayne_County,_Michigan,_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Wayne_County,_Michigan" title="Template:Wayne County, Michigan"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Wayne_County,_Michigan" title="Template talk:Wayne County, Michigan"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Wayne_County,_Michigan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Wayne County, Michigan"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Municipalities_and_communities_of_Wayne_County,_Michigan,_United_States" class="adr" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Municipalities and communities of <a href="/wiki/Wayne_County,_Michigan" title="Wayne County, Michigan">Wayne County, Michigan</a>, United States</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><div><a href="/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat">County seat</a>: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Detroit</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/City" title="City">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allen_Park,_Michigan" title="Allen Park, Michigan">Allen Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belleville,_Michigan" title="Belleville, Michigan">Belleville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dearborn,_Michigan" title="Dearborn, Michigan">Dearborn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dearborn_Heights,_Michigan" title="Dearborn Heights, Michigan">Dearborn Heights</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Detroit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecorse,_Michigan" title="Ecorse, Michigan">Ecorse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat_Rock,_Michigan" title="Flat Rock, Michigan">Flat Rock</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garden_City,_Michigan" title="Garden City, Michigan">Garden City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar,_Michigan" title="Gibraltar, Michigan">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grosse_Pointe,_Michigan" title="Grosse Pointe, Michigan">Grosse Pointe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grosse_Pointe_Farms,_Michigan" title="Grosse Pointe Farms, Michigan">Grosse Pointe Farms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grosse_Pointe_Park,_Michigan" title="Grosse Pointe Park, Michigan">Grosse Pointe Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grosse_Pointe_Shores,_Michigan" title="Grosse Pointe Shores, Michigan">Grosse Pointe Shores</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grosse_Pointe_Woods,_Michigan" title="Grosse Pointe Woods, Michigan">Grosse Pointe Woods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamtramck,_Michigan" title="Hamtramck, Michigan">Hamtramck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harper_Woods,_Michigan" title="Harper Woods, Michigan">Harper Woods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highland_Park,_Michigan" title="Highland Park, Michigan">Highland Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inkster,_Michigan" title="Inkster, Michigan">Inkster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Park,_Michigan" title="Lincoln Park, Michigan">Lincoln Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livonia,_Michigan" title="Livonia, Michigan">Livonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melvindale,_Michigan" title="Melvindale, Michigan">Melvindale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northville,_Michigan" title="Northville, Michigan">Northville</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plymouth,_Michigan" title="Plymouth, Michigan">Plymouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Rouge,_Michigan" title="River Rouge, Michigan">River Rouge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverview,_Michigan" title="Riverview, Michigan">Riverview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockwood,_Michigan" title="Rockwood, Michigan">Rockwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romulus,_Michigan" title="Romulus, Michigan">Romulus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southgate,_Michigan" title="Southgate, Michigan">Southgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taylor,_Michigan" title="Taylor, Michigan">Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trenton,_Michigan" title="Trenton, Michigan">Trenton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne,_Michigan" title="Wayne, Michigan">Wayne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westland,_Michigan" title="Westland, Michigan">Westland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodhaven,_Michigan" title="Woodhaven, Michigan">Woodhaven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyandotte,_Michigan" title="Wyandotte, Michigan">Wyandotte</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Map_of_Michigan_highlighting_Wayne_County.svg/85px-Map_of_Michigan_highlighting_Wayne_County.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Map_of_Michigan_highlighting_Wayne_County.svg/128px-Map_of_Michigan_highlighting_Wayne_County.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Map_of_Michigan_highlighting_Wayne_County.svg/171px-Map_of_Michigan_highlighting_Wayne_County.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="962" data-file-height="1127" /><figcaption>Map of Michigan highlighting Wayne County</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Charter_township" title="Charter township">Charter townships</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brownstown_Charter_Township,_Michigan" title="Brownstown Charter Township, Michigan">Brownstown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton,_Michigan" title="Canton, Michigan">Canton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huron_Charter_Township,_Michigan" title="Huron Charter Township, Michigan">Huron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northville_Charter_Township,_Michigan" title="Northville Charter Township, Michigan">Northville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Charter_Township,_Michigan" title="Plymouth Charter Township, Michigan">Plymouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redford,_Michigan" title="Redford, Michigan">Redford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_Buren_Township,_Michigan" title="Van Buren Township, Michigan">Van Buren</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Civil_township" title="Civil township">Civil townships</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grosse_Ile_Township,_Michigan" title="Grosse Ile Township, Michigan">Grosse Ile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumpter_Township,_Michigan" title="Sumpter Township, Michigan">Sumpter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Unincorporated_area" title="Unincorporated area">Unincorporated communities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beech,_Michigan" title="Beech, Michigan">Beech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belleville_North,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Belleville North, Michigan">Belleville North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton,_Michigan" title="Canton, Michigan">Canton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherry_Hill,_Michigan" title="Cherry Hill, Michigan">Cherry Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherry_Island,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Cherry Island, Michigan">Cherry Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denton,_Wayne_County,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Denton, Wayne County, Michigan">Denton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Rockwood,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="East Rockwood, Michigan">East Rockwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgewater_Heights,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Edgewater Heights, Michigan">Edgewater Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Landing,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="French Landing, Michigan">French Landing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_View_Acres,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand View Acres, Michigan">Grand View Acres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grosse_Ile,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Grosse Ile, Michigan">Grosse Ile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maple_Beach,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Maple Beach, Michigan">Maple Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martinsville,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Martinsville, Michigan">Martinsville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milleville_Beach,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Milleville Beach, Michigan">Milleville Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Boston,_Michigan" title="New Boston, Michigan">New Boston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rawsonville,_Michigan" title="Rawsonville, Michigan">Rawsonville</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redford,_Michigan" title="Redford, Michigan">Redford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roulo,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Roulo, Michigan">Roulo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheldon,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheldon, Michigan">Sheldon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waltz,_Michigan" title="Waltz, Michigan">Waltz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Sumpter,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="West Sumpter, Michigan">West Sumpter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willow,_Michigan" title="Willow, Michigan">Willow</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;">Footnotes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Michigan_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Michigan (state)">Michigan portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Metro_Detroit" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Metro_Detroit" title="Template:Metro Detroit"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Metro_Detroit" title="Template talk:Metro Detroit"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Metro_Detroit" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Metro Detroit"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Metro_Detroit" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Metro_Detroit" title="Metro Detroit">Metro Detroit</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_metropolitan_Detroit" title="Architecture of metropolitan Detroit">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Detroit" title="Culture of Detroit">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detroit_River" title="Detroit River">Detroit River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_metropolitan_Detroit" title="Economy of metropolitan Detroit">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roads_and_freeways_in_metropolitan_Detroit" title="Roads and freeways in metropolitan Detroit">Freeways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Detroit" title="History of Detroit">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Detroit" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Detroit">Historic places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detroit_International_Riverfront" title="Detroit International Riverfront">International Riverfront</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_St._Clair" title="Lake St. Clair">Lake St. Clair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_in_Detroit" title="Media in Detroit">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Detroit" title="Music of Detroit">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Parks_in_metropolitan_Detroit" title="Template:Parks in metropolitan Detroit">Parks and beaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Detroit" title="List of people from Detroit">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Performing_arts_in_Detroit" title="Performing arts in Detroit"> Performing arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Detroit" title="List of tallest buildings in Detroit">Skyscrapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Detroit" title="Sports in Detroit">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_metropolitan_Detroit" title="Tourism in metropolitan Detroit">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_metropolitan_Detroit" title="Transportation in metropolitan Detroit">Transportation</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Metro_Detroit_by_Sentinel-2,_2021-09-06_(big_version).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A satellite image of Metro Detroit, with Windsor across the river, taken on ESA's Sentinel-2 satellite in September 2021."><img alt="A satellite image of Metro Detroit, with Windsor across the river, taken on ESA's Sentinel-2 satellite in September 2021." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Metro_Detroit_by_Sentinel-2%2C_2021-09-06_%28big_version%29.jpg/100px-Metro_Detroit_by_Sentinel-2%2C_2021-09-06_%28big_version%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Metro_Detroit_by_Sentinel-2%2C_2021-09-06_%28big_version%29.jpg/150px-Metro_Detroit_by_Sentinel-2%2C_2021-09-06_%28big_version%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Metro_Detroit_by_Sentinel-2%2C_2021-09-06_%28big_version%29.jpg/200px-Metro_Detroit_by_Sentinel-2%2C_2021-09-06_%28big_version%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="11192" data-file-height="11192" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Detroit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Downtown_Detroit" title="Downtown Detroit">Downtown Detroit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midtown_Detroit" title="Midtown Detroit">Midtown Detroit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Center,_Detroit" title="New Center, Detroit">New Center</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Municipalities over 80,000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canton,_Michigan" title="Canton, Michigan">Canton Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinton_Township,_Macomb_County,_Michigan" title="Clinton Township, Macomb County, Michigan">Clinton Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dearborn,_Michigan" title="Dearborn, Michigan">Dearborn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmington_Hills,_Michigan" title="Farmington Hills, Michigan">Farmington Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livonia,_Michigan" title="Livonia, Michigan">Livonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macomb_Township,_Michigan" title="Macomb Township, Michigan">Macomb Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sterling_Heights,_Michigan" title="Sterling Heights, Michigan">Sterling Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troy,_Michigan" title="Troy, Michigan">Troy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren,_Michigan" title="Warren, Michigan">Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westland,_Michigan" title="Westland, Michigan">Westland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Municipalities 40,000 to 80,000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bloomfield_Township,_Oakland_County,_Michigan" title="Bloomfield Township, Oakland County, Michigan">Bloomfield Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chesterfield_Township,_Michigan" title="Chesterfield Township, Michigan">Chesterfield Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commerce_Township,_Michigan" title="Commerce Township, Michigan">Commerce Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dearborn_Heights,_Michigan" title="Dearborn Heights, Michigan">Dearborn Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grosse_Pointe" title="Grosse Pointe">Grosse Pointe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Park,_Michigan" title="Lincoln Park, Michigan">Lincoln Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novi,_Michigan" title="Novi, Michigan">Novi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontiac,_Michigan" title="Pontiac, Michigan">Pontiac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redford,_Michigan" title="Redford, Michigan">Redford Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rochester_Hills,_Michigan" title="Rochester Hills, Michigan">Rochester Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roseville,_Michigan" title="Roseville, Michigan">Roseville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Oak,_Michigan" title="Royal Oak, Michigan">Royal Oak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Clair_Shores,_Michigan" title="St. Clair Shores, Michigan">St. Clair Shores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelby_Charter_Township,_Michigan" title="Shelby Charter Township, Michigan">Shelby Charter Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southfield,_Michigan" title="Southfield, Michigan">Southfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taylor,_Michigan" title="Taylor, Michigan">Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterford_Township,_Michigan" title="Waterford Township, Michigan">Waterford Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Bloomfield_Township,_Michigan" title="West Bloomfield Township, Michigan">West Bloomfield Township</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cultural enclaves</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Arbor,_Michigan" title="Ann Arbor, Michigan">Ann Arbor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auburn_Hills,_Michigan" title="Auburn Hills, Michigan">Auburn Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham,_Michigan" title="Birmingham, Michigan">Birmingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloomfield_Hills,_Michigan" title="Bloomfield Hills, Michigan">Bloomfield Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dearborn,_Michigan" title="Dearborn, Michigan">Dearborn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downriver" title="Downriver">Downriver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downtown_Detroit" title="Downtown Detroit">Downtown Detroit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grosse_Pointe" title="Grosse Pointe">Grosse Pointe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midtown_Detroit" title="Midtown Detroit">Midtown Detroit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Center,_Detroit" title="New Center, Detroit">New Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northville,_Michigan" title="Northville, Michigan">Northville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rochester,_Michigan" title="Rochester, Michigan">Rochester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Oak,_Michigan" title="Royal Oak, Michigan">Royal Oak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southfield,_Michigan" title="Southfield, Michigan">Southfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troy,_Michigan" title="Troy, Michigan">Troy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plymouth,_Michigan" title="Plymouth, Michigan">Plymouth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Satellite cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Arbor,_Michigan" title="Ann Arbor, Michigan">Ann Arbor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton,_Michigan" title="Brighton, Michigan">Brighton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flint,_Michigan" title="Flint, Michigan">Flint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howell,_Michigan" title="Howell, Michigan">Howell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapeer,_Michigan" title="Lapeer, Michigan">Lapeer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monroe,_Michigan" title="Monroe, Michigan">Monroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Huron,_Michigan" title="Port Huron, Michigan">Port Huron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Ohio" title="Toledo, Ohio">Toledo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windsor,_Ontario" title="Windsor, Ontario">Windsor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ypsilanti,_Michigan" title="Ypsilanti, Michigan">Ypsilanti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Counties in <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_statistical_area" title="Metropolitan statistical area">MSA</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lapeer_County,_Michigan" title="Lapeer County, Michigan">Lapeer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livingston_County,_Michigan" title="Livingston County, Michigan">Livingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macomb_County,_Michigan" title="Macomb County, Michigan">Macomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oakland_County,_Michigan" title="Oakland County, Michigan">Oakland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Clair_County,_Michigan" title="St. Clair County, Michigan">St. Clair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_County,_Michigan" title="Wayne County, Michigan">Wayne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Counties in <a href="/wiki/Combined_statistical_area" title="Combined statistical area">CSA</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genesee_County,_Michigan" title="Genesee County, Michigan">Genesee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenawee_County,_Michigan" title="Lenawee County, Michigan">Lenawee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monroe_County,_Michigan" title="Monroe County, Michigan">Monroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washtenaw_County,_Michigan" title="Washtenaw County, Michigan">Washtenaw</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Michigan" title="Southeast Michigan">Southeast</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Flag_of_Michigan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Michigan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Flag_of_Michigan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Michigan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Flag_of_Michigan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Michigan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="685" data-file-height="457" /> <a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="39" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Midwestern_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Midwestern_United_States" title="Template:Midwestern United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Midwestern_United_States" title="Template talk:Midwestern United States"><abbr title="Discuss this 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<li><a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States#History" title="Midwestern United States">History</a></li> <li>Sports</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:;width:1%">Subregions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Midwest" title="Upper Midwest">Northern Midwest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_North_Central_states" title="East North Central states">East North Central states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_North_Central_states" title="West North Central states">West North Central states</a></li> <li><a href="#Cultural_overlap">Southern Midwest</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:;width:1%">States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Dakota" title="South Dakota">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebraska" title="Nebraska">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:;width:1%">Major cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Detroit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minneapolis" title="Minneapolis">Minneapolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Paul,_Minnesota" title="Saint Paul, Minnesota">St. Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">St. Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleveland" title="Cleveland">Cleveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbus,_Ohio" title="Columbus, Ohio">Columbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayton,_Ohio" title="Dayton, Ohio">Dayton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cincinnati" title="Cincinnati">Cincinnati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Rapids,_Michigan" title="Grand Rapids, Michigan">Grand Rapids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Wayne,_Indiana" title="Fort Wayne, Indiana">Fort Wayne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indianapolis" title="Indianapolis">Indianapolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milwaukee" title="Milwaukee">Milwaukee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Bay,_Wisconsin" title="Green Bay, Wisconsin">Green Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison,_Wisconsin" title="Madison, Wisconsin">Madison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Des_Moines,_Iowa" title="Des Moines, Iowa">Des Moines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City,_Missouri" title="Kansas City, Missouri">Kansas City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wichita,_Kansas" title="Wichita, Kansas">Wichita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omaha,_Nebraska" title="Omaha, Nebraska">Omaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sioux_Falls,_South_Dakota" title="Sioux Falls, South Dakota">Sioux Falls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapid_City,_South_Dakota" title="Rapid City, South Dakota">Rapid City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fargo,_North_Dakota" title="Fargo, North Dakota">Fargo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rochester,_Minnesota" title="Rochester, Minnesota">Rochester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Ohio" title="Toledo, Ohio">Toledo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:;width:1%">State capitals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Columbus,_Ohio" title="Columbus, Ohio">Columbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indianapolis" title="Indianapolis">Indianapolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lansing,_Michigan" title="Lansing, Michigan">Lansing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Illinois" title="Springfield, Illinois">Springfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_City,_Missouri" title="Jefferson City, Missouri">Jefferson City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Des_Moines,_Iowa" title="Des Moines, Iowa">Des Moines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison,_Wisconsin" title="Madison, Wisconsin">Madison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Paul,_Minnesota" title="Saint Paul, Minnesota">St. Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bismarck,_North_Dakota" title="Bismarck, North Dakota">Bismarck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre,_South_Dakota" title="Pierre, South Dakota">Pierre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln,_Nebraska" title="Lincoln, Nebraska">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topeka,_Kansas" title="Topeka, Kansas">Topeka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Great_Lakes_megalopolis_as_defined_by_the_RPA" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Great_Lakes_Megalopolis" title="Template:Great Lakes Megalopolis"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Great_Lakes_Megalopolis" title="Template talk:Great Lakes Megalopolis"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Great_Lakes_Megalopolis" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Great Lakes Megalopolis"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Great_Lakes_megalopolis_as_defined_by_the_RPA" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_megalopolis" title="Great Lakes megalopolis">Great Lakes megalopolis</a> as defined by the <a href="/wiki/Regional_Plan_Association" title="Regional Plan Association">RPA</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>Includes all metropolitan areas that have a population of 150,000 or greater according to the most recent national census.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Great Lakes region cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brantford" title="Brantford">Brantford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo%E2%80%93Niagara_Falls_metropolitan_area" title="Buffalo–Niagara Falls metropolitan area"> Buffalo–Niagara Falls</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo,_New_York" title="Buffalo, New York">Buffalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niagara_Falls,_New_York" title="Niagara Falls, New York">Niagara Falls</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_metropolitan_area" title="Chicago metropolitan area">Chicago</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Cleveland" title="Greater Cleveland">Cleveland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cleveland" title="Cleveland">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_Detroit" title="Metro Detroit">Detroit</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twin_Ports" title="Twin Ports">Duluth–Superior</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duluth,_Minnesota" title="Duluth, Minnesota">Duluth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superior,_Wisconsin" title="Superior, Wisconsin">Superior</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erie%E2%80%93Meadville,_PA_Combined_Statistical_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Erie–Meadville, PA Combined Statistical Area">Erie</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erie,_Pennsylvania" title="Erie, Pennsylvania">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Rapids_metropolitan_area" title="Grand Rapids metropolitan area">Grand Rapids</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Rapids,_Michigan" title="Grand Rapids, Michigan">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guelph" title="Guelph">Guelph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Bay_metropolitan_area" title="Green Bay metropolitan area">Green Bay</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Green_Bay,_Wisconsin" title="Green Bay, Wisconsin">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton,_Ontario" title="Hamilton, Ontario">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holland,_Michigan" title="Holland, Michigan">Holland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalamazoo%E2%80%93Portage_metropolitan_area" title="Kalamazoo–Portage metropolitan area">Kalamazoo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kalamazoo,_Michigan" title="Kalamazoo, Michigan">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenosha,_Wisconsin" title="Kenosha, Wisconsin">Kenosha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lansing%E2%80%93East_Lansing_metropolitan_area" title="Lansing–East Lansing metropolitan area">Lansing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lansing,_Michigan" title="Lansing, Michigan">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London,_Ontario" title="London, Ontario">London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milwaukee_metropolitan_area" title="Milwaukee metropolitan area">Milwaukee</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Milwaukee" title="Milwaukee">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muskegon,_Michigan" title="Muskegon, Michigan">Muskegon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Municipality_of_Niagara" title="Regional Municipality of Niagara">Niagara Region</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St._Catharines" title="St. Catharines">St. Catharines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niagara_Falls,_Ontario" title="Niagara Falls, Ontario">Niagara Falls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welland,_Ontario" class="mw-redirect" title="Welland, Ontario">Welland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niles,_Michigan" title="Niles, Michigan">Niles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oshawa" title="Oshawa">Oshawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rochester_metropolitan_area,_New_York" title="Rochester metropolitan area, New York">Rochester, New York</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rochester,_New_York" title="Rochester, New York">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Bend%E2%80%93Mishawaka_metropolitan_area" title="South Bend–Mishawaka metropolitan area">South Bend</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Bend,_Indiana" title="South Bend, Indiana">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thunder_Bay" title="Thunder Bay">Thunder Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toledo_metropolitan_area" title="Toledo metropolitan area">Toledo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Ohio" title="Toledo, Ohio">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Toronto_Area" title="Greater Toronto Area">Toronto</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traverse_City_metropolitan_area" title="Traverse City metropolitan area">Traverse City</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traverse_City,_Michigan" title="Traverse City, Michigan">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Municipality_of_Waterloo" title="Regional Municipality of Waterloo">Waterloo Region</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kitchener,_Ontario" title="Kitchener, Ontario">Kitchener</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Ontario" title="Cambridge, Ontario">Cambridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterloo,_Ontario" title="Waterloo, Ontario">Waterloo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windsor,_Ontario" title="Windsor, Ontario">Windsor</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/ChiPitts_megaregion.png/145px-ChiPitts_megaregion.png" decoding="async" width="145" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/ChiPitts_megaregion.png/218px-ChiPitts_megaregion.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/ChiPitts_megaregion.png/290px-ChiPitts_megaregion.png 2x" data-file-width="1188" data-file-height="704" /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Surrounding cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akron_metropolitan_area" title="Akron metropolitan area">Akron</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akron,_Ohio" title="Akron, Ohio">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altoona,_Pennsylvania" title="Altoona, Pennsylvania">Altoona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Arbor,_Michigan" title="Ann Arbor, Michigan">Ann Arbor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barrie" title="Barrie">Barrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloomington_metropolitan_area,_Indiana" title="Bloomington metropolitan area, Indiana">Bloomington, Indiana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bloomington,_Indiana" title="Bloomington, Indiana">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloomington%E2%80%93Normal" title="Bloomington–Normal">Bloomington–Normal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bloomington,_Illinois" title="Bloomington, Illinois">Bloomington, Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normal,_Illinois" title="Normal, Illinois">Normal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton%E2%80%93Massillon,_Ohio,_metropolitan_area" title="Canton–Massillon, Ohio, metropolitan area">Canton</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canton,_Ohio" title="Canton, Ohio">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champaign%E2%80%93Urbana_metropolitan_area" title="Champaign–Urbana metropolitan area">Champaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Champaign,_Illinois" title="Champaign, Illinois">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cincinnati_metropolitan_area" title="Cincinnati metropolitan area">Cincinnati</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cincinnati" title="Cincinnati">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbus_metropolitan_area,_Ohio" title="Columbus metropolitan area, Ohio">Columbus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Columbus,_Ohio" title="Columbus, Ohio">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayton_metropolitan_area" title="Dayton metropolitan area">Dayton</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dayton,_Ohio" title="Dayton, Ohio">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eau_Claire%E2%80%93Chippewa_Falls_metropolitan_area" title="Eau Claire–Chippewa Falls metropolitan area">Eau Claire</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eau_Claire,_Wisconsin" title="Eau Claire, Wisconsin">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elkhart,_Indiana" title="Elkhart, Indiana">Elkhart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evansville_metropolitan_area" title="Evansville metropolitan area">Evansville</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evansville,_Indiana" title="Evansville, Indiana">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fargo%E2%80%93Moorhead" title="Fargo–Moorhead">Fargo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fargo,_North_Dakota" title="Fargo, North Dakota">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flint,_Michigan" title="Flint, Michigan">Flint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Wayne,_IN_Metropolitan_Statistical_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Wayne, IN Metropolitan Statistical Area">Fort Wayne</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Wayne,_Indiana" title="Fort Wayne, Indiana">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_Cities" title="Fox Cities">Fox Cities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appleton,_Wisconsin" title="Appleton, Wisconsin">Appleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oshkosh,_Wisconsin" title="Oshkosh, Wisconsin">Oshkosh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indianapolis_metropolitan_area" title="Indianapolis metropolitan area">Indianapolis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indianapolis" title="Indianapolis">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackson,_Michigan" title="Jackson, Michigan">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janesville,_Wisconsin" title="Janesville, Wisconsin">Janesville</a>–<a href="/wiki/Beloit,_Wisconsin" title="Beloit, Wisconsin">Beloit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kankakee-Bourbonnais-Bradley,_IL_MSA" class="mw-redirect" title="Kankakee-Bourbonnais-Bradley, IL MSA">Kankakee</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kankakee,_Illinois" title="Kankakee, Illinois">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingston,_Ontario" title="Kingston, Ontario">Kingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Crosse%E2%80%93Onalaska" title="La Crosse–Onalaska">La Crosse–Onalaska</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/La_Crosse,_Wisconsin" title="La Crosse, Wisconsin">La Crosse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onalaska,_Wisconsin" title="Onalaska, Wisconsin">Onalaska</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lafayette_metropolitan_area,_Indiana" title="Lafayette metropolitan area, Indiana">Lafayette</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lafayette,_Indiana" title="Lafayette, Indiana">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison_metropolitan_area" title="Madison metropolitan area">Madison</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madison,_Wisconsin" title="Madison, Wisconsin">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahoning_Valley" title="Mahoning Valley">Mahoning Valley</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Youngstown,_Ohio" title="Youngstown, Ohio">Youngstown</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minneapolis%E2%80%93Saint_Paul" title="Minneapolis–Saint Paul">Minneapolis–Saint Paul</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minneapolis" title="Minneapolis">Minneapolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Paul,_Minnesota" title="Saint Paul, Minnesota">Saint Paul</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Montreal" title="Greater Montreal">Greater Montreal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laval,_Quebec" title="Laval, Quebec">Laval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longueuil" title="Longueuil">Longueuil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Capital_Region_(Canada)" title="National Capital Region (Canada)">National Capital Region</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ottawa" title="Ottawa">Ottawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gatineau" title="Gatineau">Gatineau</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh%E2%80%93New_Castle%E2%80%93Weirton_combined_statistical_area" title="Pittsburgh–New Castle–Weirton combined statistical area">Pittsburgh</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh" title="Pittsburgh">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peoria_metropolitan_area,_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="Peoria metropolitan area, Illinois">Peoria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peoria,_Illinois" title="Peoria, Illinois">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peterborough,_Ontario" title="Peterborough, Ontario">Peterborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockford_metropolitan_area,_Illinois" title="Rockford metropolitan area, Illinois">Rockford</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rockford,_Illinois" title="Rockford, Illinois">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rochester_metropolitan_area,_Minnesota" title="Rochester metropolitan area, Minnesota">Rochester, Minnesota</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rochester,_Minnesota" title="Rochester, Minnesota">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saguenay,_Quebec" title="Saguenay, Quebec">Saguenay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Cloud,_Minnesota_metropolitan_area" title="St. Cloud, Minnesota metropolitan area">St. Cloud</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St._Cloud,_Minnesota" title="St. Cloud, Minnesota">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saginaw,_Midland,_and_Bay_City_metropolitan_area" title="Saginaw, Midland, and Bay City metropolitan area">Saginaw</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saginaw,_Michigan" title="Saginaw, Michigan">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sioux_Falls_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Sioux Falls metropolitan area">Sioux Falls</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sioux_Falls,_South_Dakota" title="Sioux Falls, South Dakota">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springfield_metropolitan_area,_Illinois" title="Springfield metropolitan area, Illinois">Springfield</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Illinois" title="Springfield, Illinois">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Sudbury" title="Greater Sudbury">Sudbury</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Urban_neighbourhoods_of_Sudbury" title="Urban neighbourhoods of Sudbury">urban neighbourhoods</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syracuse_metropolitan_area" title="Syracuse metropolitan area">Syracuse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syracuse,_New_York" title="Syracuse, New York">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terre_Haute_metropolitan_area" title="Terre Haute metropolitan area">Terre Haute</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terre_Haute,_Indiana" title="Terre Haute, Indiana">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trois-Rivi%C3%A8res" title="Trois-Rivières">Trois-Rivières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utica%E2%80%93Rome_metropolitan_area" title="Utica–Rome metropolitan area">Utica–Rome</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Utica,_New_York" title="Utica, New York">Utica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rome,_New_York" title="Rome, New York">Rome</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quad_Cities" title="Quad Cities">Quad Cities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bettendorf,_Iowa" title="Bettendorf, Iowa">Bettendorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davenport,_Iowa" title="Davenport, Iowa">Davenport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Moline,_Illinois" title="East Moline, Illinois">East Moline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moline,_Illinois" title="Moline, Illinois">Moline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Island,_Illinois" title="Rock Island, Illinois">Rock Island</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_City_metropolitan_community" class="mw-redirect" title="Quebec City metropolitan community">Greater Quebec</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_City" title="Quebec City">city</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cities of states south of region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elizabethtown_metropolitan_area" title="Elizabethtown metropolitan area">Elizabethtown</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elizabethtown,_Kentucky" title="Elizabethtown, Kentucky">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_metropolitan_area" title="Kansas City metropolitan area">Kansas City</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City,_Missouri" title="Kansas City, Missouri">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisville_metropolitan_area" title="Louisville metropolitan area">Louisville</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Louisville, Kentucky">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_St._Louis" title="Greater St. Louis">St. Louis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topeka_metropolitan_area,_Kansas" title="Topeka metropolitan area, Kansas">Topeka</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Topeka,_Kansas" title="Topeka, Kansas">city</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheeling_metropolitan_area" title="Wheeling metropolitan area">Wheeling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wheeling,_West_Virginia" title="Wheeling, West Virginia">city</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other metro-regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_City%E2%80%93Windsor_Corridor" title="Quebec City–Windsor Corridor">Quebec City–Windsor Corridor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Horseshoe" title="Golden Horseshoe">Golden Horseshoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Toronto_and_Hamilton_Area" title="Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area">Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detroit%E2%80%93Windsor" title="Detroit–Windsor">Detroit–Windsor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Pittsburgh" title="Greater Pittsburgh">Greater Pittsburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_East" title="Metro East">Metro East</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Megaregions_of_the_United_States" title="Megaregions of the United States">Other megaregions</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="County_seats_of_Michigan" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Michigan_county_seats" title="Template:Michigan county seats"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Michigan_county_seats" title="Template talk:Michigan county seats"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Michigan_county_seats" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Michigan county seats"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="County_seats_of_Michigan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat">County seats</a> of <a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adrian,_Michigan" title="Adrian, Michigan">Adrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allegan,_Michigan" title="Allegan, Michigan">Allegan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpena,_Michigan" title="Alpena, Michigan">Alpena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Arbor,_Michigan" title="Ann Arbor, Michigan">Ann Arbor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlanta,_Michigan" title="Atlanta, Michigan">Atlanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bad_Axe,_Michigan" title="Bad Axe, Michigan">Bad Axe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baldwin,_Michigan" title="Baldwin, Michigan">Baldwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_City,_Michigan" title="Bay City, Michigan">Bay City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellaire,_Michigan" title="Bellaire, Michigan">Bellaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bessemer,_Michigan" title="Bessemer, Michigan">Bessemer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beulah,_Michigan" title="Beulah, Michigan">Beulah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Rapids,_Michigan" title="Big Rapids, Michigan">Big Rapids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadillac,_Michigan" title="Cadillac, Michigan">Cadillac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caro,_Michigan" title="Caro, Michigan">Caro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassopolis,_Michigan" title="Cassopolis, Michigan">Cassopolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centreville,_Michigan" title="Centreville, Michigan">Centreville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlevoix,_Michigan" title="Charlevoix, Michigan">Charlevoix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte,_Michigan" title="Charlotte, Michigan">Charlotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheboygan,_Michigan" title="Cheboygan, Michigan">Cheboygan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coldwater,_Michigan" title="Coldwater, Michigan">Coldwater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corunna,_Michigan" title="Corunna, Michigan">Corunna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crystal_Falls,_Michigan" title="Crystal Falls, Michigan">Crystal Falls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detroit,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Detroit, Michigan">Detroit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eagle_River,_Michigan" title="Eagle River, Michigan">Eagle River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escanaba,_Michigan" title="Escanaba, Michigan">Escanaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flint,_Michigan" title="Flint, Michigan">Flint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaylord,_Michigan" title="Gaylord, Michigan">Gaylord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gladwin,_Michigan" title="Gladwin, Michigan">Gladwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Haven,_Michigan" title="Grand Haven, Michigan">Grand Haven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Rapids,_Michigan" title="Grand Rapids, Michigan">Grand Rapids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grayling,_Michigan" title="Grayling, Michigan">Grayling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrison,_Michigan" title="Harrison, Michigan">Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrisville,_Michigan" title="Harrisville, Michigan">Harrisville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hart,_Michigan" title="Hart, Michigan">Hart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hastings,_Michigan" title="Hastings, Michigan">Hastings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillsdale,_Michigan" title="Hillsdale, Michigan">Hillsdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houghton,_Michigan" title="Houghton, Michigan">Houghton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howell,_Michigan" title="Howell, Michigan">Howell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionia,_Michigan" title="Ionia, Michigan">Ionia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Mountain,_Michigan" title="Iron Mountain, Michigan">Iron Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ithaca,_Michigan" title="Ithaca, Michigan">Ithaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackson,_Michigan" title="Jackson, Michigan">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalamazoo,_Michigan" title="Kalamazoo, Michigan">Kalamazoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalkaska,_Michigan" title="Kalkaska, Michigan">Kalkaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27Anse,_Michigan" title="L'Anse, Michigan">L'Anse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_City,_Michigan" title="Lake City, Michigan">Lake City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapeer,_Michigan" title="Lapeer, Michigan">Lapeer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludington,_Michigan" title="Ludington, Michigan">Ludington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manistee,_Michigan" title="Manistee, Michigan">Manistee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manistique,_Michigan" title="Manistique, Michigan">Manistique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquette,_Michigan" title="Marquette, Michigan">Marquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall,_Michigan" title="Marshall, Michigan">Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mason,_Michigan" title="Mason, Michigan">Mason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menominee,_Michigan" title="Menominee, Michigan">Menominee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midland,_Michigan" title="Midland, Michigan">Midland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mio,_Michigan" title="Mio, Michigan">Mio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monroe,_Michigan" title="Monroe, Michigan">Monroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Clemens,_Michigan" title="Mount Clemens, Michigan">Mount Clemens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Pleasant,_Michigan" title="Mount Pleasant, Michigan">Mount Pleasant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munising,_Michigan" title="Munising, Michigan">Munising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muskegon,_Michigan" title="Muskegon, Michigan">Muskegon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newberry,_Michigan" title="Newberry, Michigan">Newberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ontonagon,_Michigan" title="Ontonagon, Michigan">Ontonagon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paw_Paw,_Michigan" title="Paw Paw, Michigan">Paw Paw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petoskey,_Michigan" title="Petoskey, Michigan">Petoskey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontiac,_Michigan" title="Pontiac, Michigan">Pontiac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Huron,_Michigan" title="Port Huron, Michigan">Port Huron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reed_City,_Michigan" title="Reed City, Michigan">Reed City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogers_City,_Michigan" title="Rogers City, Michigan">Rogers City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roscommon,_Michigan" title="Roscommon, Michigan">Roscommon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saginaw,_Michigan" title="Saginaw, Michigan">Saginaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandusky,_Michigan" title="Sandusky, Michigan">Sandusky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sault_Ste._Marie,_Michigan" title="Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan">Sault Ste. Marie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Ignace,_Michigan" title="St. Ignace, Michigan">St. Ignace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Johns,_Michigan" title="St. Johns, Michigan">St. Johns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Joseph,_Michigan" title="St. Joseph, Michigan">St. Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standish,_Michigan" title="Standish, Michigan">Standish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanton,_Michigan" title="Stanton, Michigan">Stanton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suttons_Bay_Township,_Michigan" title="Suttons Bay Township, Michigan">Suttons Bay Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawas_City,_Michigan" title="Tawas City, Michigan">Tawas City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traverse_City,_Michigan" title="Traverse City, Michigan">Traverse City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Branch,_Michigan" title="West Branch, Michigan">West Branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Cloud,_Michigan" title="White Cloud, Michigan">White Cloud</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="The_100_most_populous_cities_of_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:USPopulousCities" title="Template:USPopulousCities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:USPopulousCities" title="Template talk:USPopulousCities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:USPopulousCities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:USPopulousCities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="The_100_most_populous_cities_of_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">The <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_cities_by_population" title="List of United States cities by population">100 most populous cities</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:5em;">   </td><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;width:25%;"><div> <ol> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York, New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago, Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston" title="Houston">Houston, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix,_Arizona" title="Phoenix, Arizona">Phoenix, Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Antonio" title="San Antonio">San Antonio, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dallas" title="Dallas">Dallas, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas">Austin, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacksonville,_Florida" title="Jacksonville, Florida">Jacksonville, Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Jose,_California" title="San Jose, California">San Jose, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Worth,_Texas" title="Fort Worth, Texas">Fort Worth, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbus,_Ohio" title="Columbus, Ohio">Columbus, Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte,_North_Carolina" title="Charlotte, North Carolina">Charlotte, North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indianapolis" title="Indianapolis">Indianapolis, Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle, Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denver" title="Denver">Denver, Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City" title="Oklahoma City">Oklahoma City, Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee" title="Nashville, Tennessee">Nashville, Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Paso,_Texas" title="El Paso, Texas">El Paso, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas" title="Las Vegas">Las Vegas, Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston, Massachusetts</a></li> </ol> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:25%;"><div> <ol start="26"> <li><a href="/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon">Portland, Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Louisville, Kentucky">Louisville, Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memphis,_Tennessee" title="Memphis, Tennessee">Memphis, Tennessee</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Detroit, Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore, Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milwaukee" title="Milwaukee">Milwaukee, Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albuquerque,_New_Mexico" title="Albuquerque, New Mexico">Albuquerque, New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tucson,_Arizona" title="Tucson, Arizona">Tucson, Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fresno,_California" title="Fresno, California">Fresno, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramento,_California" title="Sacramento, California">Sacramento, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesa,_Arizona" title="Mesa, Arizona">Mesa, Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City,_Missouri" title="Kansas City, Missouri">Kansas City, Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta, Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_Springs,_Colorado" title="Colorado Springs, Colorado">Colorado Springs, Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omaha,_Nebraska" title="Omaha, Nebraska">Omaha, Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raleigh,_North_Carolina" title="Raleigh, North Carolina">Raleigh, North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Beach,_Virginia" title="Virginia Beach, Virginia">Virginia Beach, Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Beach,_California" title="Long Beach, California">Long Beach, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miami" title="Miami">Miami, Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oakland,_California" title="Oakland, California">Oakland, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minneapolis" title="Minneapolis">Minneapolis, Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulsa,_Oklahoma" title="Tulsa, Oklahoma">Tulsa, Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakersfield,_California" title="Bakersfield, California">Bakersfield, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tampa,_Florida" title="Tampa, Florida">Tampa, Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wichita,_Kansas" title="Wichita, Kansas">Wichita, Kansas</a></li> </ol> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:25%;"><div> <ol start="51"> <li><a href="/wiki/Arlington,_Texas" title="Arlington, Texas">Arlington, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurora,_Colorado" title="Aurora, Colorado">Aurora, Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans, Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleveland" title="Cleveland">Cleveland, Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anaheim,_California" title="Anaheim, California">Anaheim, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honolulu" title="Honolulu">Honolulu, Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henderson,_Nevada" title="Henderson, Nevada">Henderson, Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockton,_California" title="Stockton, California">Stockton, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverside,_California" title="Riverside, California">Riverside, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexington,_Kentucky" title="Lexington, Kentucky">Lexington, Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corpus_Christi,_Texas" title="Corpus Christi, Texas">Corpus Christi, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orlando,_Florida" title="Orlando, Florida">Orlando, Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irvine,_California" title="Irvine, California">Irvine, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cincinnati" title="Cincinnati">Cincinnati, Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Ana,_California" title="Santa Ana, California">Santa Ana, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newark,_New_Jersey" title="Newark, New Jersey">Newark, New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Paul,_Minnesota" title="Saint Paul, Minnesota">Saint Paul, Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh" title="Pittsburgh">Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greensboro,_North_Carolina" title="Greensboro, North Carolina">Greensboro, North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln,_Nebraska" title="Lincoln, Nebraska">Lincoln, Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durham,_North_Carolina" title="Durham, North Carolina">Durham, North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plano,_Texas" title="Plano, Texas">Plano, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anchorage,_Alaska" title="Anchorage, Alaska">Anchorage, Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_City,_New_Jersey" title="Jersey City, New Jersey">Jersey City, New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">St. Louis, Missouri</a></li> </ol> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:25%;"><div> <ol start="76"> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandler,_Arizona" title="Chandler, Arizona">Chandler, Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Las_Vegas,_Nevada" title="North Las Vegas, Nevada">North Las Vegas, Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chula_Vista,_California" title="Chula Vista, California">Chula Vista, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo,_New_York" title="Buffalo, New York">Buffalo, New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert,_Arizona" title="Gilbert, Arizona">Gilbert, Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reno,_Nevada" title="Reno, Nevada">Reno, Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison,_Wisconsin" title="Madison, Wisconsin">Madison, Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Wayne,_Indiana" title="Fort Wayne, Indiana">Fort Wayne, Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Ohio" title="Toledo, Ohio">Toledo, Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lubbock,_Texas" title="Lubbock, Texas">Lubbock, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Petersburg,_Florida" title="St. Petersburg, Florida">St. Petersburg, Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laredo,_Texas" title="Laredo, Texas">Laredo, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irving,_Texas" title="Irving, Texas">Irving, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chesapeake,_Virginia" title="Chesapeake, Virginia">Chesapeake, Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glendale,_Arizona" title="Glendale, Arizona">Glendale, Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winston-Salem,_North_Carolina" title="Winston-Salem, North Carolina">Winston-Salem, North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottsdale,_Arizona" title="Scottsdale, Arizona">Scottsdale, Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garland,_Texas" title="Garland, Texas">Garland, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boise,_Idaho" title="Boise, Idaho">Boise, Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk,_Virginia" title="Norfolk, Virginia">Norfolk, Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_St._Lucie,_Florida" title="Port St. Lucie, Florida">Port St. Lucie, Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spokane,_Washington" title="Spokane, Washington">Spokane, Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia" title="Richmond, Virginia">Richmond, Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fremont,_California" title="Fremont, California">Fremont, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huntsville,_Alabama" title="Huntsville, Alabama">Huntsville, Alabama</a></li> </ol> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Cities ranked by <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a> population estimates for July 1, 2022.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:<ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Flag_of_Michigan.svg/21px-Flag_of_Michigan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Flag_of_Michigan.svg/32px-Flag_of_Michigan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Flag_of_Michigan.svg/42px-Flag_of_Michigan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="685" data-file-height="457" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Michigan" title="Portal:Michigan">Michigan</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/21px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/32px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/42px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:France" title="Portal:France">France</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/19px-North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/29px-North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/38px-North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:North_America" title="Portal:North America">North America</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/21px-P_history.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/32px-P_history.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/42px-P_history.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:History" title="Portal:History">History</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/42px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/19px-COL-city_icon.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/29px-COL-city_icon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/38px-COL-city_icon.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Cities" title="Portal:Cities">Cities</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12439#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12439#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12439#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/133676653">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1205010/">FAST</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4011559-8">Germany</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1087597323">2</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79045539">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119406877">France</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb152384585">2</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119406877">BnF data</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb152384585">2</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00628791">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35734867">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge129000&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX455659">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000072473&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/c9prq5jw1v3fdlj">Sweden</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007559519105171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/b03ff310-d8e2-45cf-9455-769f76641eb2">MusicBrainz area</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1063440">Trove</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/068635028">IdRef</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/02734472X">2</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10045507">NARA</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esu.com.ua/search_articles.php?id=23852">Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" 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