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Энциклопедия — Wikipedia
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class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Kerze.png/8px-Kerze.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Kerze.png/10px-Kerze.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"218\" data-file-height=\"822\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/span\u003E \u003Cu\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/2025_%D0%B5%D0%BB#Вафатлар\" title=\"2025 ел\"\u003EХәтерТактасы\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/i\u003E\u003C/u\u003E \u003Cspan typeof=\"mw:File\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0\" title=\"Википедия:Акыллы Татарстан/Тасвирлама\"\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Tatarstan-districts-coats-map.gif/12px-Tatarstan-districts-coats-map.gif\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"12\" height=\"8\" class=\"mw-file-element\" 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srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Noun_Project_partnerships_logo_823972_cc.svg/18px-Noun_Project_partnerships_logo_823972_cc.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Noun_Project_partnerships_logo_823972_cc.svg/24px-Noun_Project_partnerships_logo_823972_cc.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"109\" data-file-height=\"100\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/span\u003E\u003Cspan typeof=\"mw:File\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0\" title=\"Википедия:Акыллы Татарстан/Тасвирлама\"\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/5-star_deployment_scheme_for_Open_Data.png/12px-5-star_deployment_scheme_for_Open_Data.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"12\" height=\"7\" class=\"mw-file-element\" 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height=\"12\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Olympic_pictogram_Athletics.png/18px-Olympic_pictogram_Athletics.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Olympic_pictogram_Athletics.png/24px-Olympic_pictogram_Athletics.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"300\" data-file-height=\"300\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/span\u003E \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80/%D0%90%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80\" title=\"Википедия:Марафоннар/Агымдагылар\"\u003EАгымдагыМарафоннар\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E: \u003Ci\u003E\u003Cspan typeof=\"mw:File\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82:%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%B1%D3%99%D0%BA_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%B3%D1%8B\" 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href=\"/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%91%D3%99%D0%B9%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D0%BC%D3%99%D0%B4%D3%99%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B5_%D2%BB%D3%99%D0%BC_%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD-%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B7/2025\" title=\"Википедия:Бәйгеләр/Халык мәдәнияте һәм хатын-кыз/2025\"\u003EТатарМәдәнияте+АнаЗат\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/u\u003E \u003Cspan typeof=\"mw:File\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%91%D3%99%D0%B9%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D0%BC%D3%99%D0%B4%D3%99%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B5_%D2%BB%D3%99%D0%BC_%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD-%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B7/2025\" title=\"Википедия:Бәйгеләр/Халык мәдәнияте һәм хатын-кыз/2025\"\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Fnf-combo.png/15px-Fnf-combo.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"15\" height=\"13\" class=\"mw-file-element\" 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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Тарих"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Тарих</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Тарих-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Отобразить/Скрыть подраздел Тарих</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Тарих-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Борыңгы_заманнар" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Борыңгы_заманнар"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Борыңгы заманнар</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Борыңгы_заманнар-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Урта_гасырлар" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Урта_гасырлар"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Урта 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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Егерме_беренче_гасыр" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Егерме_беренче_гасыр"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Егерме беренче гасыр</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Егерме_беренче_гасыр-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Шулай_ук_карагыз" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Шулай_ук_карагыз"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Шулай ук карагыз</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Шулай_ук_карагыз-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Искәрмәләр" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Искәрмәләр"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Искәрмәләр</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Искәрмәләр-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Сылтамалар" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Сылтамалар"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Сылтамалар</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Сылтамалар-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Эчтәлек" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Содержание" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Отобразить/Скрыть содержание" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Отобразить/Скрыть содержание</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Энциклопедия</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Перейти к статье на другом языке. Доступно на 213 языках" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-213" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">213 тел</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensiklopedie" title="Ensiklopedie — африкаанс" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ensiklopedie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="африкаанс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzyklop%C3%A4die" title="Enzyklopädie — швейцарский немецкий" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Enzyklopädie" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="швейцарский немецкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%98%E1%8B%9D%E1%8C%88%E1%89%A0_%E1%8B%95%E1%8B%8D%E1%89%80%E1%89%B5" title="መዝገበ ዕውቀት — амхар" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="መዝገበ ዕውቀት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="амхар" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enciclopedia" title="Enciclopedia — арагонский" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Enciclopedia" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="арагонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C4%ABsd%C5%8Dmb%C5%8Dc" title="Wīsdōmbōc — староанглийский" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Wīsdōmbōc" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="староанглийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%A9" title="موسوعة — гарәп" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="موسوعة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="гарәп" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%A9" title="موسوعة — Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="موسوعة" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B9%D9%87" title="موسوعه — Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="موسوعه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B7" title="বিশ্বকোষ — ассам" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="বিশ্বকোষ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="ассам" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enciclopedia" title="Enciclopedia — астурийский" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Enciclopedia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="астурийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Энциклопедия — аварский" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Энциклопедия" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="аварский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensiklopediya" title="Ensiklopediya — әзәрбайҗан" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ensiklopediya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="әзәрбайҗан" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="بیلیکلیک — South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بیلیکلیک" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Энциклопедия — башкорт" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Энциклопедия" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="башкорт" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzyklop%C3%A4die" title="Enzyklopädie — Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Enzyklopädie" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encikluoped%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Encikluopedėjė — Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Encikluopedėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensiklopedia" title="Ensiklopedia — Batak Toba" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Ensiklopedia" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="Batak Toba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Toba</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensiklopedya" title="Ensiklopedya — Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Ensiklopedya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Энцыклапедыя — белорус" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Энцыклапедыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="белорус" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BF%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Энцыкляпэдыя — белорусский (тарашкевица)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Энцыкляпэдыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="белорусский (тарашкевица)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banda_%C3%A8lmu" title="Banda èlmu — батавский" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Banda èlmu" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="батавский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Енциклопедия — болгар" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Енциклопедия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="болгар" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B6" title="ज्ञानकोश — Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="ज्ञानकोश" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kindai_pangatahuan" title="Kindai pangatahuan — Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Kindai pangatahuan" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%BB%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%EA%A9%BB%E1%80%95%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AB%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%EA%A9%BB%E1%80%85%E1%80%BD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%82%8F" title="ကျမ်ꩻပေါင်ꩻစွုမ်ႏ — Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ကျမ်ꩻပေါင်ꩻစွုမ်ႏ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C9%94nniyagafeba" title="Dɔnniyagafeba — бамбара" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Dɔnniyagafeba" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="бамбара" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B7" title="বিশ্বকোষ — бенгали" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বিশ্বকোষ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="бенгали" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B7" title="বিশ্বকোষ — Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="বিশ্বকোষ" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holloueziadur" title="Holloueziadur — бретон" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Holloueziadur" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="бретон" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enciklopedija" title="Enciklopedija — босния" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Enciklopedija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="босния" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8D%D0%B1%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%85%D1%8B_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Нэбтэрхы толи — бурятский" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Нэбтэрхы толи" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="бурятский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enciclop%C3%A8dia" title="Enciclopèdia — каталан" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Enciclopèdia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталан" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A1ik-ku%C5%8F-ci%C3%B2ng-c%E1%B9%B3%CC%86" title="Báik-kuŏ-ciòng-cṳ̆ — Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Báik-kuŏ-ciòng-cṳ̆" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Энциклопеди — чеченский" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Энциклопеди" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="чеченский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensiklopedya" title="Ensiklopedya — себуано" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Ensiklopedya" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="себуано" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%DA%B5%DB%86%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="ئینسایکڵۆپیدیا — үзәк көрд" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئینسایکڵۆپیدیا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="үзәк көрд" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encicluped%C3%ACa" title="Enciclupedìa — корсика" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Enciclupedìa" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="корсика" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entsiklopediya" title="Entsiklopediya — крымско-татарский" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Entsiklopediya" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="крымско-татарский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyklopedie" title="Encyklopedie — чех" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Encyklopedie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чех" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyklopedij%C3%B4" title="Encyklopedijô — кашубский" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Encyklopedijô" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="кашубский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%84%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%B7%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%94%D0%B4%D1%97%EA%99%97" title="Єнкѷклопєдїꙗ — церковнославянский" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Єнкѷклопєдїꙗ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="церковнославянский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Энциклопеди — чувашский" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Энциклопеди" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="чувашский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwyddoniadur" title="Gwyddoniadur — уэльс" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gwyddoniadur" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="уэльс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyklop%C3%A6di" title="Encyklopædi — дания" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Encyklopædi" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="дания" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="сайланган мәкаләләр"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzyklop%C3%A4die" title="Enzyklopädie — алман" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Enzyklopädie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="алман" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensiklopediye" title="Ensiklopediye — Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Ensiklopediye" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyklopedija" title="Encyklopedija — түбән сорб" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Encyklopedija" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="түбән сорб" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensiklopedia" title="Ensiklopedia — Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Ensiklopedia" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B7" title="विश्वकोष — Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="विश्वकोष" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%8B%DE%A7%DE%82%DE%AC%DE%90%DE%B0%DE%82%DE%A7%DE%89%DE%A7" title="ދާނެސްނާމާ — мальдив" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ދާނެސްނާމާ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="мальдив" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%B3%CE%BA%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B1" title="Εγκυκλοπαίδεια — грек" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Εγκυκλοπαίδεια" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="грек" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensicloped%C3%ACa" title="Ensiclopedìa — Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Ensiclopedìa" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclopedia" title="Encyclopedia — инглиз" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Encyclopedia" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="инглиз" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enciklopedio" title="Enciklopedio — эсперанто" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Enciklopedio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="эсперанто" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enciclopedia" title="Enciclopedia — испан" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Enciclopedia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="испан" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ents%C3%BCklopeedia" title="Entsüklopeedia — эстон" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Entsüklopeedia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="эстон" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entziklopedia" title="Entziklopedia — баск" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Entziklopedia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баск" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87" title="دانشنامه — фарсы" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دانشنامه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="фарсы" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maanditorde" title="Maanditorde — фула" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Maanditorde" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="фула" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tietosanakirja" title="Tietosanakirja — фин" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tietosanakirja" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="фин" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfr%C3%B8%C3%B0i" title="Alfrøði — фарер" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Alfrøði" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="фарер" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="яхшы мәкаләләр"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A9die" title="Encyclopédie — француз" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Encyclopédie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="француз" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensyklopedy" title="Ensyklopedy — западнофризский" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Ensyklopedy" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="западнофризский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciclip%C3%A9id" title="Ciclipéid — ирланд" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ciclipéid" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ирланд" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E6%9B%B8" title="百科全書 — гань" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="百科全書" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="гань" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leabhar-e%C3%B2lais" title="Leabhar-eòlais — шотланд гэль" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Leabhar-eòlais" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="шотланд гэль" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enciclopedia" title="Enciclopedia — галисия" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Enciclopedia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галисия" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%91e%27%E1%BA%BDryrupav%E1%BA%BD" title="Ñe'ẽryrupavẽ — гуарани" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Ñe'ẽryrupavẽ" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="гуарани" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%9C%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%9E%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%95%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%B6" title="જ્ઞાનકોશ — гуҗарати" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="જ્ઞાનકોશ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="гуҗарати" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insakulofidiya" title="Insakulofidiya — хауса" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Insakulofidiya" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="хауса" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pak-kh%C3%B4-chhi%C3%B2n-s%C3%BB" title="Pak-khô-chhiòn-sû — хакка" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Pak-khô-chhiòn-sû" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="хакка" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puke_noi%E2%80%98i_k%C5%AB%E2%80%98ikena" title="Puke noi‘i kū‘ikena — гавайи" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Puke noi‘i kū‘ikena" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="гавайи" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%93%D7%99%D7%94" title="אנציקלופדיה — яһүд" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אנציקלופדיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="яһүд" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B6" title="विश्वज्ञानकोश — һинд" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="विश्वज्ञानकोश" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="һинд" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclopedia" title="Encyclopedia — Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Encyclopedia" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enciklopedija" title="Enciklopedija — хорват" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Enciklopedija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="хорват" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyklopedija" title="Encyklopedija — югары сорб" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Encyklopedija" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="югары сорб" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ansiklopedi" title="Ansiklopedi — гаити креол" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Ansiklopedi" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="гаити креол" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enciklop%C3%A9dia" title="Enciklopédia — венгр" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Enciklopédia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="венгр" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="сайланган мәкаләләр"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Հանրագիտարան — әрмән" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հանրագիտարան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="әрмән" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Հանրագիտարան — западноармянский" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Հանրագիտարան" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="западноармянский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclopedia" title="Encyclopedia — интерлингва" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Encyclopedia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="интерлингва" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensiklopedia" title="Ensiklopedia — ибанский" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Ensiklopedia" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="ибанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensiklopedia" title="Ensiklopedia — индонезия" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ensiklopedia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонезия" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uiqiqaluk" title="Uiqiqaluk — инупиак" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Uiqiqaluk" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="инупиак" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensiklopedia" title="Ensiklopedia — илоко" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Ensiklopedia" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="илоко" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Энциклопеди — ингушский" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Энциклопеди" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ингушский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enciklopedio" title="Enciklopedio — идо" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Enciklopedio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="идо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfr%C3%A6%C3%B0irit" title="Alfræðirit — исланд" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Alfræðirit" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="исланд" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enciclopedia" title="Enciclopedia — итальян" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Enciclopedia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="итальян" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E4%BA%8B%E5%85%B8" title="百科事典 — япон" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="百科事典" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="япон" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88nsiklop%C3%A9dhi" title="Ènsiklopédhi — яванский" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Ènsiklopédhi" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="яванский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ენციკლოპედია — грузин" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ენციკლოპედია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="грузин" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasanayt" title="Tasanayt — кабильский" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tasanayt" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="кабильский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%90sakuliye_takaya%C9%A3_k%C9%A9kala%C9%A3" title="Ɛsakuliye takayaɣ kɩkalaɣ — Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Ɛsakuliye takayaɣ kɩkalaɣ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balay_tinoduh" title="Balay tinoduh — Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Balay tinoduh" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Энциклопедия — казакъ" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Энциклопедия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="казакъ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kl mw-list-item"><a href="https://kl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyklop%C3%A6dii" title="Encyklopædii — гренландский" lang="kl" hreflang="kl" data-title="Encyklopædii" data-language-autonym="Kalaallisut" data-language-local-name="гренландский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kalaallisut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%BB%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%87%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B6" title="ប្រជុំវីជ្ជា — кхмер" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ប្រជុំវីជ្ជា" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="кхмер" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%B3%E0%B3%81" title="ವಿಶ್ವಕೋಶಗಳು — каннада" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ವಿಶ್ವಕೋಶಗಳು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="каннада" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC%EC%82%AC%EC%A0%84" title="백과사전 — корея" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="백과사전" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="корея" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Энциклопедия — карачаево-балкарский" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Энциклопедия" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="карачаево-балкарский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%90%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%96%DA%88%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="اِنسایکلوپیٖڈیا — кашмири" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="اِنسایکلوپیٖڈیا" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="кашмири" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nohkixel" title="Nohkixel — кёльнский" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Nohkixel" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="кёльнский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ens%C3%AEkloped%C3%AE" title="Ensîklopedî — көрд" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Ensîklopedî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="көрд" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Godhoniador" title="Godhoniador — корнский" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Godhoniador" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="корнский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Энциклопедия — кыргыз" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Энциклопедия" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="кыргыз" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclopaedia" title="Encyclopaedia — латин" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Encyclopaedia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="латин" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ansiklopedya" title="Ansiklopedya — ладино" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Ansiklopedya" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ладино" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzyklopedie" title="Enzyklopedie — люксембург" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Enzyklopedie" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="люксембург" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Энциклопедия — лакский" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Энциклопедия" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="лакский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclopedie" title="Encyclopedie — лимбургский" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Encyclopedie" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="лимбургский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enciclupedia" title="Enciclupedia — ломбардский" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Enciclupedia" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="ломбардский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B8%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%A1" title="ສາລານຸກົມ — лаос" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ສາລານຸກົມ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="лаос" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enciklopedija" title="Enciklopedija — литва" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Enciklopedija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="литва" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/E%C5%86ciklopedeja" title="Eņciklopedeja — латгальский" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Eņciklopedeja" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="латгальский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enciklop%C4%93dija" title="Enciklopēdija — латыш" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Enciklopēdija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="латыш" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88nsiklope%E1%B8%8Dia" title="Ènsiklopeḍia — мадурский" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Ènsiklopeḍia" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="мадурский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B6" title="विश्वकोश — майтхили" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="विश्वकोश" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="майтхили" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensiklopedia" title="Ensiklopedia — Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Ensiklopedia" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raki-pahalalana" title="Raki-pahalalana — малагаси" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Raki-pahalalana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="малагаси" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Энциклопедий — луговомарийский" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Энциклопедий" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="луговомарийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubuak_aka" title="Lubuak aka — минангкабау" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Lubuak aka" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="минангкабау" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Енциклопедија — македон" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Енциклопедија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="македон" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9E%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%82" title="വിജ്ഞാനകോശം — малаялам" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വിജ്ഞാനകോശം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="малаялам" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8D%D0%B2%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Нэвтэрхий толь — монгол" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Нэвтэрхий толь" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="монгол" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A7%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%A1%EA%AF%92%EA%AF%A4_%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%A8%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A9" title="ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯀꯩ — манипури" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯀꯩ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="манипури" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B6" title="ज्ञानकोश — маратхи" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ज्ञानकोश" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="маратхи" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensiklopedia" title="Ensiklopedia — малай" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ensiklopedia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малай" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/En%C4%8Biklopedija" title="Enċiklopedija — мальта" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Enċiklopedija" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="мальта" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anciclop%C3%A9dia" title="Anciclopédia — мирандский" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Anciclopédia" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="мирандский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%85%E1%80%BD%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B6%E1%80%80%E1%80%BB%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="စွယ်စုံကျမ်း — бирма" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="စွယ်စုံကျမ်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="бирма" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%87%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%86%D9%88%D9%85%D9%87" title="فرهنگنومه — мазандеранский" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="فرهنگنومه" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="мазандеранский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C4%93ntlamatiliz%C4%81moxtli" title="Cēntlamatilizāmoxtli — Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Cēntlamatilizāmoxtli" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encicloped%C3%ADa" title="Enciclopedía — неаполитанский" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Enciclopedía" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="неаполитанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzyklop%C3%A4die" title="Enzyklopädie — нижненемецкий" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Enzyklopädie" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="нижненемецкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyklopedie" title="Encyklopedie — нижнесаксонский" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Encyklopedie" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="нижнесаксонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B6" title="विश्वकोश — непали" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="विश्वकोश" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="непали" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclopedie" title="Encyclopedie — голланд" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Encyclopedie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="голланд" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leksikon" title="Leksikon — нюнорск" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Leksikon" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="нюнорск" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyklopedi" title="Encyklopedi — норвежский букмол" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Encyklopedi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="норвежский букмол" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encycliop%C3%A9die" title="Encycliopédie — Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Encycliopédie" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dnsadoob%C3%AD%C3%ADdiiya" title="Ínsadoobíídiiya — навахо" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Ínsadoobíídiiya" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="навахо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclopedia" title="Encyclopedia — ньянҗа" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Encyclopedia" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="ньянҗа" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enciclop%C3%A8dia" title="Enciclopèdia — окситан" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Enciclopèdia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="окситан" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kubee" title="Kubee — оромо" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Kubee" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="оромо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%9C%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9E%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%B7" title="ଜ୍ଞାନକୋଷ — ория" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଜ୍ଞାନକୋଷ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="ория" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Энциклопеди — осетинский" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Энциклопеди" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="осетинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC" title="ਵਿਸ਼ਵਕੋਸ਼ — пәнҗаби" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਵਿਸ਼ਵਕੋਸ਼" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="пәнҗаби" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensiklopedia" title="Ensiklopedia — папьяменто" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Ensiklopedia" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="папьяменто" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uffguckbichli" title="Uffguckbichli — Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Uffguckbichli" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyklopedia" title="Encyklopedia — поляк" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Encyklopedia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="поляк" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensiclopedia" title="Ensiclopedia — Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Ensiclopedia" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%BE%DB%8C%DA%88%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="انسائیکلوپیڈیا — Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="انسائیکلوپیڈیا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%B3%CE%BA%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B1" title="Εγκυκλοπαίδεια — понтийский" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Εγκυκλοπαίδεια" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="понтийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%87%D9%86%D8%BA%D9%88%D9%86%DA%89" title="پوهنغونډ — пушту" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="پوهنغونډ" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="пушту" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enciclop%C3%A9dia" title="Enciclopédia — португал" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Enciclopédia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португал" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enciclopedie" title="Enciclopedie — румын" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Enciclopedie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румын" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entsiclopedie" title="Entsiclopedie — арумынский" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Entsiclopedie" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="арумынский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/%27Ngeclopedije" title="'Ngeclopedije — Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="'Ngeclopedije" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Энциклопедия — рус" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Энциклопедия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="рус" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Енціклопедія — русинский" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Енціклопедія" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="русинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%83" title="विश्वकोशः — санскрит" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="विश्वकोशः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="санскрит" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Энциклопедия — саха" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Энциклопедия" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="саха" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱜᱮᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ — сантали" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱜᱮᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="сантали" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enciclopedia" title="Enciclopedia — сардинский" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Enciclopedia" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="сардинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nciclupid%C3%ACa" title="Nciclupidìa — сицилийский" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Nciclupidìa" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="сицилийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclopaedia" title="Encyclopaedia — шотландский" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Encyclopaedia" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="шотландский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%DA%AA%D9%84%D9%88%D9%BE%D9%8A%DA%8A%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="انسائيڪلوپيڊيا — синдһи" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="انسائيڪلوپيڊيا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="синдһи" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enciklopedija" title="Enciklopedija — сербскохорватский" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Enciklopedija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="сербскохорватский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%82%89%E1%80%9E%E1%82%85%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9E%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87" title="ပပ်ႉသႅၼ်သမ်ႇ — шанский" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="ပပ်ႉသႅၼ်သမ်ႇ" data-language-autonym="တႆး" data-language-local-name="шанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>တႆး</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E2%80%8D%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%9D%E0%B7%82%E2%80%8D" title="විශ්වකෝෂ — сингал" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="විශ්වකෝෂ" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="сингал" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclopedia" title="Encyclopedia — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Encyclopedia" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyklop%C3%A9dia" title="Encyklopédia — словак" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Encyklopédia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="словак" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DA%BE%D9%8F%D9%88%D9%85_%DA%B3%D9%88%D8%AC%DA%BE%DB%8C" title="بھُوم ڳوجھی — Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="بھُوم ڳوجھی" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enciklopedija" title="Enciklopedija — словен" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Enciklopedija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="словен" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enciklopedia" title="Enciklopedia — албан" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Enciklopedia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="албан" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Енциклопедија — серб" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Енциклопедија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="серб" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclopedia" title="Encyclopedia — свази" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="Encyclopedia" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="свази" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzyklop%C3%A4die" title="Enzyklopädie — Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Enzyklopädie" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89nsiklop%C3%A9di" title="Énsiklopédi — сунданский" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Énsiklopédi" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="сунданский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uppslagsverk" title="Uppslagsverk — швед" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Uppslagsverk" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="швед" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamusi_elezo" title="Kamusi elezo — суахили" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kamusi elezo" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="суахили" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yncyklopedyjo" title="Yncyklopedyjo — силезский" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Yncyklopedyjo" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="силезский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%9E%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="கலைக்களஞ்சியம் — тамил" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கலைக்களஞ்சியம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="тамил" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B6" title="ವಿಶ್ವಕೋಶ — Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ವಿಶ್ವಕೋಶ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9E%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%82" title="విజ్ఞాన సర్వస్వం — телугу" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="విజ్ఞాన సర్వస్వం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="телугу" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Донишнома — таҗик" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Донишнома" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="таҗик" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1" title="สารานุกรม — тай" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สารานุกรม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="тай" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensiklopedya" title="Ensiklopedya — тагалог" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Ensiklopedya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="тагалог" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensiklopedij%C9%99" title="Ensiklopedijə — талышский" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Ensiklopedijə" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="талышский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensaetlolopedia" title="Ensaetlolopedia — тсвана" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="Ensaetlolopedia" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="тсвана" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Setswana</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensaiklopedia" title="Ensaiklopedia — ток-писин" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Ensaiklopedia" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="ток-писин" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ansiklopedi" title="Ansiklopedi — төрек" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ansiklopedi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="төрек" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclopediya" title="Encyclopediya — тсонга" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Encyclopediya" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="тсонга" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89nsklop%C3%A9diye" title="Énsklopédiye — уйгыр" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="Énsklopédiye" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="уйгыр" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Енциклопедія — украин" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Енциклопедія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украин" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensiklopediya" title="Ensiklopediya — үзбәк" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ensiklopediya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="үзбәк" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensiclopedia" title="Ensiclopedia — венецианский" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Ensiclopedia" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="венецианский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A1ch_khoa_to%C3%A0n_th%C6%B0" title="Bách khoa toàn thư — вьетнам" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bách khoa toàn thư" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="вьетнам" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikloped" title="Sikloped — волапюк" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Sikloped" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="волапюк" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eciclopedeye" title="Eciclopedeye — валлонский" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Eciclopedeye" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="валлонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensayklopedya" title="Ensayklopedya — варай" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Ensayklopedya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="варай" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimbulang" title="Jimbulang — волоф" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Jimbulang" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="волоф" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6" title="百科全书 — у" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="百科全书" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="у" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ენციკლოპედია — мегрельский" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ენციკლოპედია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="мегрельский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%A0%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%A2%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A2" title="ענציקלאפעדיע — идиш" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ענציקלאפעדיע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="идиш" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%99%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8E%E2%B5%93" title="ⴰⵙⴰⵎⵓ — тамазигхтский" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴰⵙⴰⵎⵓ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="тамазигхтский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6" title="百科全书 — кытай" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="百科全书" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="кытай" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E6%9B%B8" title="百科全書 — Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="百科全書" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pek-kho-cho%C3%A2n-su" title="Pek-kho-choân-su — миньнань" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Pek-kho-choân-su" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="миньнань" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E6%9B%B8" title="百科全書 — кантонский" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="百科全書" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="кантонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/INgqoqelolwazi" title="INgqoqelolwazi — зулу" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="INgqoqelolwazi" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="зулу" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5292#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Башка телләргә сылтамалар өстәү" class="wbc-editpage">Сылтамалар өстәү</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Исемара"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Мәкаләнең эчтәлеге [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Мәкалә</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D3%99%D1%85%D3%99%D1%81:%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" rel="discussion" title="Төп бит турында фикер алышу [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Бәхәс</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Телне алмаштыру" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">татарча / tatarça</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Караулар"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F"><span>Уку</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F&veaction=edit" title="Бу битне үзгәртү [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Үзгәртү</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit" title="Бу битнең чыгыш кодын үзгәртү [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Вики-текстны үзгәртү</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=history" title="Битнең төзәтмәләре исемлеге [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Тарихын карау</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Инструменты для страниц"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Кораллар" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Кораллар</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Кораллар</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">переместить в боковую панель</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">яшерү</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Өстәмә гамәлләр" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Гамәлләр </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F"><span>Уку</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F&veaction=edit" title="Бу битне үзгәртү [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Үзгәртү</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit" title="Бу битнең чыгыш кодын үзгәртү [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Вики-текстны үзгәртү</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=history"><span>Тарихын карау</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Гомуми </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BA%D3%99_%D1%8E%D0%BD%D3%99%D0%BB%D1%82%D2%AF%D1%87%D0%B5_%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Бирегә сылтаган барлык битләрнең исемлеге [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Бу биткә сылтамалар</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%91%D3%99%D0%B9%D0%BB%D3%99%D0%BD%D0%B3%D3%99%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%BE%D2%A3%D0%B3%D1%8B_%D2%AF%D0%B7%D0%B3%D3%99%D1%80%D1%82%D2%AF%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" rel="nofollow" title="Бу биттән сылтамалар бирелгән битләрдә соңгы үзгәрешләр [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Бәйләнешле үзгәрешләр</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F&oldid=4408361" title="Битнең бу редакциясенә даими сылтама"><span>Даими сылтама</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=info" title="Әлеге бит турында тулырак мәгълүмат"><span>Бит турында мәгълүмат</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0&page=%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F&id=4408361&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Бу биткә (чыганак буларак) ничек җибәрергә турында мәгълүмат"><span>Бу биткә (чыганакка) җибәрү</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Ftt.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%25AD%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F"><span>Кыска URL алу</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Ftt.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%25AD%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F"><span>Скачать QR-код</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Бастыру/чыгару </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F"><span>Китап булдыру</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:DownloadAsPdf&page=%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=show-download-screen"><span>PDF форматында күчереп алу</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F&printable=yes" title="Бу битнең басма юрамасы [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Бастыру юрамасы</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Башка проектларда </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Encyclopedias" hreflang="en"><span>Викиҗыентык</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5292" title="Үзара бәйләнгән мәгълүматләр репозиториясе элементларына сылтама [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Викимәгълүмат элементы</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Инструменты для страниц"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Внешний вид"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Внешний вид</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">переместить в боковую панель</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">яшерү</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Wikipedia — ирекле энциклопедия проектыннан ([http://tt.wikipedia.org.ttcysuttlart1999.aylandirow.tmf.org.ru/wiki/Энциклопедия latin yazuında])</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="tt" dir="ltr"><p><br /> </p> <table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox-style"> <tbody><tr> <td class="ambox-image"><div><figure class="noresize" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%B4%D3%99%D0%BC:%D0%AF%D2%A3%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D3%99%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D3%99_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%83" title="Мәкаләне яхшырту"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/60px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/80px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="44" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> </td> <td class="ambox-text"><b>Бу <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%9C%D3%99%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D3%99" title="Википедия:Мәкалә">мәкаләнең</a> сыйфатын арттырыр өчен түбәндәгеләрне эшләргә кирәк<sup style="line-height:0;font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:Rq" class="mw-redirect" title="Википедия:Rq">?</a></sup>:</b><div class="ambox-text-small"><ul> <li>Мәкаләне <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%9C%D3%99%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D3%99_%D1%82%D3%A9%D0%BF%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Википедия:Мәкалә төпчекләре">тулыландырырга</a> (мәкалә бик кыска) <br /></li><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul></div> </td> <td class="widthhack"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3791745">.mw-parser-output .ts-Универсаль_калып-above{background:#eaecf0;font-weight:bold;font-size:120%;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ts-Универсаль_калып-original,.mw-parser-output .ts-Универсаль_калып-image{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ts-Универсаль_калып-label{width:9em}.mw-parser-output .ts-Универсаль_калып-split{vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ts-Универсаль_калып-below{background:#eaecf0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ts-Универсаль_калып-error{background:#fee7e6;border-color:#b32424}</style> <table cellspacing="2" class="infobox"> <tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-above ts-Универсаль_калып-above">Энциклопедия</td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ts-Универсаль_калып-image"><span class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P18" data-wikidata-claim-id="Q5292$5a37f9e6-47a9-f1f5-2876-2665ccfba883"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Bertelsmann_Lexikothek.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Сурәт"><img alt="Сурәт" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Bertelsmann_Lexikothek.jpg/250px-Bertelsmann_Lexikothek.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Bertelsmann_Lexikothek.jpg/375px-Bertelsmann_Lexikothek.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Bertelsmann_Lexikothek.jpg/500px-Bertelsmann_Lexikothek.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1669" data-file-height="1252" /></a></span></span></span></td></tr> <tr><th class="infobox-label ts-Универсаль_калып-label">Кыскарулар җәдвәле аббревиатурасы</th><td class="infobox-text"> <span class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P8703" data-wikidata-claim-id="Q5292$b0a01571-40e0-a8b0-f3bb-77651e5e6012"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak">энцикл.</span></span></td></tr> <tr><th class="infobox-label ts-Универсаль_калып-label">Моңа өлешчә туры килә</th><td class="infobox-text"> <span class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P1382" data-wikidata-claim-id="Q5292$0d0a1e16-4433-3f15-5ed1-21e147b8cfdf"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D3%99%D1%80%D2%BB%D3%99%D0%BD%D0%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Фәрһәнг (бит юк)">фәрһәнг</a><sup><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18168594" class="extiw" title="d:Q18168594">[d]</a></sup></span></span></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below ts-Универсаль_калып-below"><span class="wikidata-claim" data-wikidata-property-id="P373" data-wikidata-claim-id="q5292$A285C536-BCD1-4EDD-999A-A38CB8BF7424"><span class="wikidata-snak wikidata-main-snak"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Encyclopedias" title="commons:Category:Encyclopedias"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Encyclopedias" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Encyclopedias">Энциклопедия Викиҗыентыкта</a></span></span></td></tr> </tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Brockhaus_Lexikon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Brockhaus_Lexikon.jpg/300px-Brockhaus_Lexikon.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Brockhaus_Lexikon.jpg/450px-Brockhaus_Lexikon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Brockhaus_Lexikon.jpg/600px-Brockhaus_Lexikon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><i>Брокгауз энциклопедиясе</i></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Naturalishistoria.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Naturalishistoria.jpg/220px-Naturalishistoria.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="371" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/67/Naturalishistoria.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="235" data-file-height="396" /></a><figcaption><i>Табигый тарих</i> энциклопедиясенең <a href="/wiki/1669_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1669 ел">1669 елгы</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Басма (бит юк)">басмасы</a>, баш бит</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D3%99%D0%BD" title="Фән">Фәнни</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Белем">белемнең</a> бер яки барлык тармакларыннан җыелган <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%99%D0%B3%D1%8A%D0%BB%D2%AF%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82" class="mw-disambig" title="Мәгълүмат">мәгълүмат</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BC%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Тупланма (бит юк)">тупланмасы</a> булган <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BC%D3%99" title="Белешмә">белешмә</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A7%D1%8B%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Чыганак (бит юк)">чыганагы</a> төрен <b>энциклопедия</b> дип атыйлар.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Энциклопедияләр <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D3%99%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D3%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Мәкалә (бит юк)">мәкалә</a> яки кертемнәрдән тора, гадәттә <a href="/wiki/%D3%98%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B1%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Әлифба">әлифба</a> тәртибе буенча оештырыла.<sup id="cite_ref-DOLencyclopedia_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DOLencyclopedia-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Энциклопедия кертемнәре күпчелек <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D2%AF%D0%B7%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Сүзлек">сүзлекләрнекеннән</a> озынрак һәм тирәнрәк.<sup id="cite_ref-DOLencyclopedia_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DOLencyclopedia-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D2%AF%D0%B7" title="Сүз">Сүзләр</a> турында <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="Тел белеме">тел белеме</a> мәгълүматына басым ясаган сүзлек кертемнәреннән аермалы буларак, энциклопедия мәкаләләре тасвирлаган <a href="/wiki/%D3%98%D0%B9%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Әйбер">әйбер</a> яки <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%87%D3%99" title="Төшенчә">төшенчә</a> турында <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Факт (бит юк)">фактик</a> мәгълүматка юнәлгән.<sup id="cite_ref-bejoint_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bejoint-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EB_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DOLei_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DOLei-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-OHEL22_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OHEL22-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Беренче энциклопедияләр 2000 ел элек тирәсе барлыкка киләләр; сакланылган иң борынгысы <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pliny_the_Elder" class="extiw" title="en:Pliny the Elder">Плиний Аксакал (ингл.)</a> тарафыннан якынча <a href="/wiki/77_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="77 ел">77 ел</a> тирәсендә әзерләнгән <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturalis_Historia" class="extiw" title="en:Naturalis Historia">Табигать тарихы (ингл.)</a></i> булып тора. Заманча энциклопедияләр <a href="/wiki/17_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="17 гасыр">17 гасыр</a> тирәсендә <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D2%AF%D0%B7%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Сүзлек">сүзлекләрдән</a> үсеп чыккан <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Феномен (бит юк)">феномен</a>. </p><p><i>Энциклопедия</i> сүзе <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koine_Greek" class="extiw" title="en:Koine Greek">Койне грекча (ингл.)</a> ἐγκυκλοπαιδεία,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="Грек теле">грекча</a> <span lang="grc">ἐγκύκλιος παιδεία</span><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "гади мәгариф" мәгънәсенә туры килүче <i>энкыклиос паидеиа</i> сыман <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Транслитерация (бит юк)">транслитерацияләнгән</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D2%AF%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BC%D3%99" title="Сүзтезмә">сүзтезмәсеннән</a> чыга: <i>энкыклиос</i> (ἐγκύκλιος) мәгънәсе "капсаган, кабатланган, еш кирәк булган, гади"<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> + <i>паидеиа</i> (παιδεία) мәгънәсе "<a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%99%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84" title="Мәгариф">мәгариф</a>, баланы үстерү",<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ләкин <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Латин теле">латин</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Манускрипт (бит юк)">манускриптларны</a> күчерүчеләрнең <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хата (бит юк)">хаталары</a> сәбәпле бер сүз буларак кыскартылган<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Сүзтезмәне "тулы өйрәтү" яки "тулы белем" буларак тәрҗемә итеп була. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Тарих"><span id=".D0.A2.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.B8.D1.85"></span>Тарих</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F&veaction=edit&section=1" title="«Тарих» исемле бүлекне үзгәртү" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үзгәртү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&section=1" title="Редактировать код раздела «Тарих»"><span>вики-текстны үзгәртү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/14px-Next.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/21px-Next.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/28px-Next.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span></span><i> Төп мәкалә</i>: <i><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_encyclopedias" class="extiw" title="en:History of encyclopedias">:en:History of encyclopedias</a></b></i></div></dd></dl> <p>Энциклопедияләр <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85" title="Тарих">тарихның</a> иң борыңгы чакларыннан <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8A%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Кулъязма (бит юк)">кулъязма</a> килеш, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="Урта гасыр">урта гасырларда</a> һәм якын заманаларда <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Басма (бит юк)">бастырылган</a> килеш, һәм соңгы заманда <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%99%D0%B3%D1%8A%D0%BB%D2%AF%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Мәгълүмат технологияләре">мәгълүмат технологияләре</a> ярдәмендә <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Санак">санак</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Монитор (бит юк)">мониторында</a> күрсәтелгән һәм санак челтәрләре буенча тапшырылган килеш яшәп киләләр. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Борыңгы_заманнар"><span id=".D0.91.D0.BE.D1.80.D1.8B.D2.A3.D0.B3.D1.8B_.D0.B7.D0.B0.D0.BC.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.BD.D0.B0.D1.80"></span>Борыңгы заманнар</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F&veaction=edit&section=2" title="«Борыңгы заманнар» исемле бүлекне үзгәртү" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үзгәртү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&section=2" title="Редактировать код раздела «Борыңгы заманнар»"><span>вики-текстны үзгәртү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Бүгенге көнгә кадәр сакланган иң борыңгы энциклопедик хезмәт <a href="/w/index.php?title=1_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1 гасыр (бит юк)">1 гасырда</a> яшәгән <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%8B_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Борынгы Рим">римлы</a> дәүләт эшлеклесе <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pliny_the_Elder" class="extiw" title="en:Pliny the Elder">Плиний Аксакал (ингл.)</a> тарафыннан әзерләнгән <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturalis_Historia" class="extiw" title="en:Naturalis Historia">Табигать тарихы (ингл.)</a></i> булып тора. Ул <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Табигый тарих (бит юк)">табигый тарих</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Архитектура">архитектура</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Медицина">медицина</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="География">география</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Геология">геология</a>, һәм аның яшәгән дөньяның барлык яклары турында <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D2%A3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Аңлатма (бит юк)">аңлатма</a> бирүче 37 бүлектән торган хезмәт әзерләгән иде. Кереш сүзендә 200 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Автор (бит юк)">авторның</a> 2000 хезмәтеннән 20000 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Факт (бит юк)">факт</a> туплаганын һәм өстәмә буларак үз <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D3%99%D2%97%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1%D3%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Тәҗрибә (бит юк)">тәҗрибәсеннән</a> дә өстәгәнен турында яза. Бу хезмәтнең <a href="/wiki/77" class="mw-redirect" title="77">77</a>-<a href="/wiki/79" class="mw-redirect" title="79">79</a> еллар тирәсендә дөнья күргәне билгеле, ләкин авторның 79 елгы <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Везувий (бит юк)">Везувий</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Янартау">янартавының</a> шартлавында үлүе сәбәпле аның тулысынча тикшерелгән ышанычлы фәнни хезмәт дип атап булмый дип уйланыла.<sup id="cite_ref-naturalis_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-naturalis-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Урта_гасырлар"><span id=".D0.A3.D1.80.D1.82.D0.B0_.D0.B3.D0.B0.D1.81.D1.8B.D1.80.D0.BB.D0.B0.D1.80"></span>Урта гасырлар</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F&veaction=edit&section=3" title="«Урта гасырлар» исемле бүлекне үзгәртү" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үзгәртү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&section=3" title="Редактировать код раздела «Урта гасырлар»"><span>вики-текстны үзгәртү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ренессанс_чоры"><span id=".D0.A0.D0.B5.D0.BD.D0.B5.D1.81.D1.81.D0.B0.D0.BD.D1.81_.D1.87.D0.BE.D1.80.D1.8B"></span>Ренессанс чоры</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F&veaction=edit&section=4" title="«Ренессанс чоры» исемле бүлекне үзгәртү" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үзгәртү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&section=4" title="Редактировать код раздела «Ренессанс чоры»"><span>вики-текстны үзгәртү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Margarita_Philosopica_by_Reisch_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Margarita_Philosopica_by_Reisch_2.jpg/220px-Margarita_Philosopica_by_Reisch_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Margarita_Philosopica_by_Reisch_2.jpg/330px-Margarita_Philosopica_by_Reisch_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Margarita_Philosopica_by_Reisch_2.jpg/440px-Margarita_Philosopica_by_Reisch_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1952" /></a><figcaption><i>Margarita Philosophica</i> исемле <a href="/wiki/1565_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1565 ел">1565 елгы</a> энциклопедиядәге <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Анатомия">анатомияга</a> багышланган мәкалә </figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="18–19_гасырлар"><span id="18.E2.80.9319_.D0.B3.D0.B0.D1.81.D1.8B.D1.80.D0.BB.D0.B0.D1.80"></span>18–19 гасырлар</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F&veaction=edit&section=5" title="«18–19 гасырлар» исемле бүлекне үзгәртү" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үзгәртү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&section=5" title="Редактировать код раздела «18–19 гасырлар»"><span>вики-текстны үзгәртү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Encyclopedie_de_D%27Alembert_et_Diderot_-_Premiere_Page_-_ENC_1-NA5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Encyclopedie_de_D%27Alembert_et_Diderot_-_Premiere_Page_-_ENC_1-NA5.jpg/220px-Encyclopedie_de_D%27Alembert_et_Diderot_-_Premiere_Page_-_ENC_1-NA5.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="360" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Encyclopedie_de_D%27Alembert_et_Diderot_-_Premiere_Page_-_ENC_1-NA5.jpg/330px-Encyclopedie_de_D%27Alembert_et_Diderot_-_Premiere_Page_-_ENC_1-NA5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Encyclopedie_de_D%27Alembert_et_Diderot_-_Premiere_Page_-_ENC_1-NA5.jpg/440px-Encyclopedie_de_D%27Alembert_et_Diderot_-_Premiere_Page_-_ENC_1-NA5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3133" data-file-height="5120" /></a><figcaption><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A9die" class="extiw" title="en:Encyclopédie">en:Encyclopédie</a>, <a href="/wiki/1773" class="mw-redirect" title="1773">1773</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20_нче_гасыр"><span id="20_.D0.BD.D1.87.D0.B5_.D0.B3.D0.B0.D1.81.D1.8B.D1.80"></span>20 нче гасыр</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F&veaction=edit&section=6" title="«20 нче гасыр» исемле бүлекне үзгәртү" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үзгәртү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&section=6" title="Редактировать код раздела «20 нче гасыр»"><span>вики-текстны үзгәртү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:EncycBrit1913.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/EncycBrit1913.jpg/220px-EncycBrit1913.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/EncycBrit1913.jpg/330px-EncycBrit1913.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/EncycBrit1913.jpg 2x" data-file-width="433" data-file-height="256" /></a><figcaption>Иң борыңгы <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Инглиз теле">инглиз телле</a> <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" class="extiw" title="en:Encyclopædia Britannica">Энциклопедия Британника (ингл.)</a></i> исемле басманың <a href="/wiki/1913_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1913 ел">1913 елгы</a> чыгарылышның <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Реклама">реклама</a> белдерүе.</figcaption></figure> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Егерме_беренче_гасыр"><span id=".D0.95.D0.B3.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.BC.D0.B5_.D0.B1.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.B5.D0.BD.D1.87.D0.B5_.D0.B3.D0.B0.D1.81.D1.8B.D1.80"></span>Егерме беренче гасыр</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F&veaction=edit&section=7" title="«Егерме беренче гасыр» исемле бүлекне үзгәртү" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үзгәртү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&section=7" title="Редактировать код раздела «Егерме беренче гасыр»"><span>вики-текстны үзгәртү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D3%A9%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D3%99%D1%80%D3%99%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B5" title="Бөтендөнья пәрәвезе">Бөтендөнья пәрәвезендәге</a> энциклопедияләр динамизм өстенлеген ташый: яңа мәгълүмат табу өчен статик <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Диск (бит юк)">диск</a> яки <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%99%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%8C" title="Кәгазь">кәгазь</a> форматында әзерләнгән яңа чыгарылышның чыгуын көтмичә чын вакытта диярлек күреп була. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Шулай_ук_карагыз"><span id=".D0.A8.D1.83.D0.BB.D0.B0.D0.B9_.D1.83.D0.BA_.D0.BA.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.B0.D0.B3.D1.8B.D0.B7"></span>Шулай ук карагыз</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F&veaction=edit&section=8" title="«Шулай ук карагыз» исемле бүлекне үзгәртү" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үзгәртү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&section=8" title="Редактировать код раздела «Шулай ук карагыз»"><span>вики-текстны үзгәртү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint tright portal" style="border:solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1) 1px; margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;"> <table style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit; font-size:85%; line-height:110%; max-width:175px;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Books-aj.svg_aj_ashton_01.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portal icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Books-aj.svg_aj_ashton_01.svg/28px-Books-aj.svg_aj_ashton_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Books-aj.svg_aj_ashton_01.svg/42px-Books-aj.svg_aj_ashton_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Books-aj.svg_aj_ashton_01.svg/56px-Books-aj.svg_aj_ashton_01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> </td> <td style="padding: 0 0.2em; vertical-align: middle; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D3%98%D0%B4%D3%99%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%82" title="Портал:Әдәбият">Әдәбият  порталы</a> </td></tr> <tr valign="middle"> <td style="text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Nuvola_apps_bookcase.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portal icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Nuvola_apps_bookcase.svg/28px-Nuvola_apps_bookcase.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Nuvola_apps_bookcase.svg/42px-Nuvola_apps_bookcase.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Nuvola_apps_bookcase.svg/56px-Nuvola_apps_bookcase.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> </td> <td style="padding: 0 0.2em; vertical-align: middle; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%9C%D3%99%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84" title="Портал:Мәгариф">Мәгариф  порталы</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D1%83%D1%80_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Зур совет энциклопедиясе">Зур совет энциклопедиясе</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Википедия">Википедия</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D1%81%D2%AF%D0%B7%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Энциклопедик сүзлек">Энциклопедик сүзлек</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D1%81%D2%AF%D0%B7%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Терминологик сүзлек">Терминологик сүзлек</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Искәрмәләр"><span id=".D0.98.D1.81.D0.BA.D3.99.D1.80.D0.BC.D3.99.D0.BB.D3.99.D1.80"></span>Искәрмәләр</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F&veaction=edit&section=9" title="«Искәрмәләр» исемле бүлекне үзгәртү" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үзгәртү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&section=9" title="Редактировать код раздела «Искәрмәләр»"><span>вики-текстны үзгәртү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width:30em; -webkit-column-width:30em; column-width:30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070803182506/http://library.rcc.edu/riverside/glossaryoflibraryterms.htm#e">Encyclopedia.</a>. <small><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.rcc.edu/riverside/glossaryoflibraryterms.htm#e">әлеге чыганактан</a> 2007-08-03 архивланды.</small> <small>2012-12-22 тикшерелгән.</small> Glossary of Library Terms. Riverside City College, Digital Library/Learning Resource Center. Retrieved on: November 17, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DOLencyclopedia-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-DOLencyclopedia_2-0">2,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-DOLencyclopedia_2-1">2,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">Hartmann, R. R. K.; James, Gregory; Gregory James (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=49NZ12icE-QC&pg=PA49&dq=%22encyclopedic+dictionary%22%2Bencyclopedia&q=%22encyclopedic%20dictionary%22%2Bencyclopedia"><i>Dictionary of Lexicography</i></a>. Routledge. p. 48. <span class="noprint"><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Standard_Book_Number&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Standard Book Number (бит юк)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B/0-415-14143-5" title="Махсус:Китап чыганаклары/0-415-14143-5">0-415-14143-5</a></span><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://books.google.com/?id=49NZ12icE-QC&pg=PA49&dq=%22encyclopedic+dictionary%22%2Bencyclopedia&q=%22encyclopedic%20dictionary%22%2Bencyclopedia">http://books.google.com/?id=49NZ12icE-QC&pg=PA49&dq=%22encyclopedic+dictionary%22%2Bencyclopedia&q=%22encyclopedic%20dictionary%22%2Bencyclopedia</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved July 27, 2010</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Lexicography&rft.aulast=Hartmann&rft.aufirst=R.+R.+K.&rft.au=Hartmann%2C%26%2332%3BR.+R.+K.&rft.au=James%2C%26%2332%3BGregory&rft.date=1998&rft.pages=p.%26nbsp%3B48&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.isbn=0-415-14143-5&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3D49NZ12icE-QC%26pg%3DPA49%26dq%3D%2522encyclopedic%2Bdictionary%2522%252Bencyclopedia%26q%3D%2522encyclopedic%2520dictionary%2522%252Bencyclopedia&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bejoint-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-bejoint_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Béjoint, Henri (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=DJ8gwtomUpMC&lpg=PA30&dq=lexicography%20translated%20encyclopedia%20dictionary&pg=PA30"><i>Modern Lexicography</i></a>, pp. 30–31. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B/0198299516" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-19-829951-6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EB-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-EB_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/186603/encyclopaedia">Encyclopaedia</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>. <small>July 27, 2010 тикшерелгән.</small> “An English lexicographer, H.W. Fowler, wrote in the preface to the first edition (1911) of <i>The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Current English</i> that a dictionary is concerned with the uses of words and phrases and with giving information about the things for which they stand only so far as current use of the words depends upon knowledge of those things. The emphasis in an encyclopedia is much more on the nature of the things for which the words and phrases stand.”</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DOLei-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-DOLei_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">Hartmann, R. R. K.; Gregory James (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=49NZ12icE-QC&pg=PA49&dq=%22encyclopedic+dictionary%22%2Bencyclopedia&q=%22encyclopedic%20dictionary%22%2Bencyclopedia"><i>Dictionary of Lexicography</i></a>. Routledge. p. 49. <span class="noprint"><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Standard_Book_Number&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Standard Book Number (бит юк)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B/0-415-14143-5" title="Махсус:Китап чыганаклары/0-415-14143-5">0-415-14143-5</a></span><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://books.google.com/?id=49NZ12icE-QC&pg=PA49&dq=%22encyclopedic+dictionary%22%2Bencyclopedia&q=%22encyclopedic%20dictionary%22%2Bencyclopedia">http://books.google.com/?id=49NZ12icE-QC&pg=PA49&dq=%22encyclopedic+dictionary%22%2Bencyclopedia&q=%22encyclopedic%20dictionary%22%2Bencyclopedia</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved July 27, 2010</span>. "In contrast with linguistic information, encyclopedia material is more concerned with the description of objective realities than the words or phrases that refer to them. In practice, however, there is no hard and fast boundary between factual and lexical knowledge."</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Lexicography&rft.aulast=Hartmann&rft.aufirst=R.+R.+K.&rft.au=Hartmann%2C%26%2332%3BR.+R.+K.&rft.date=1998&rft.pages=p.%26nbsp%3B49&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.isbn=0-415-14143-5&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3D49NZ12icE-QC%26pg%3DPA49%26dq%3D%2522encyclopedic%2Bdictionary%2522%252Bencyclopedia%26q%3D%2522encyclopedic%2520dictionary%2522%252Bencyclopedia&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OHEL22-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-OHEL22_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">Cowie, Anthony Paul (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=nhnVF9Or_wMC&printsec=frontcover&q"><i>The Oxford History of English Lexicography, Volume I</i></a>. Oxford University Press. p. 22. <span class="noprint"><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Standard_Book_Number&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Standard Book Number (бит юк)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B/0-415-14143-5" title="Махсус:Китап чыганаклары/0-415-14143-5">0-415-14143-5</a></span><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://books.google.com/?id=nhnVF9Or_wMC&printsec=frontcover&q">http://books.google.com/?id=nhnVF9Or_wMC&printsec=frontcover&q</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved August 17, 2010</span>. "An 'encyclopedia' (encyclopaedia) usually gives more information than a dictionary; it explains not only the words but also the things and concepts referred to by the words."</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+History+of+English+Lexicography%2C+Volume+I&rft.aulast=Cowie&rft.aufirst=Anthony+Paul&rft.au=Cowie%2C%26%2332%3BAnthony+Paul&rft.date=2009&rft.pages=p.%26nbsp%3B22&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.isbn=0-415-14143-5&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DnhnVF9Or_wMC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26q&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3De%29gkuklopaidei%2Fa">Ἐγκυκλοπαιδεία</a>, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, <i>A Greek–English Lexicon</i>, at Perseus project</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2007.01.0060%3Abook%3D1%3Achapter%3D10%3Asection%3D1">Ἐγκύκλιος παιδεία</a>, Quintilian, <i>Institutio Oratoria</i>, 1.10.1, at Perseus project</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3De%29gku%2Fklios">Ἐγκύκλιος</a>, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, <i>A Greek–English Lexicon</i>, at Perseus project</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dpaidei%2Fa">Παιδεία</a>, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, <i>A Greek–English Lexicon</i>, at Perseus project</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">According to some accounts such as the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://education.yahoo.com/reference/dictionary/entry/encyclopedia">American Heritage Dictionary</a> <small><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> 2012 елның 22 декабрь көнендә <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121222003759/http://education.yahoo.com/reference/dictionary/entry/encyclopedia">архивланган</a>.</span></small> copyists of Latin manuscripts took this phrase to be a single Greek word, enkuklopaedia,</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-naturalis-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-naturalis_12-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Naturalis Historia</span> </li> </ol></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=encyclopedia&searchmode=none">EtymologyOnline</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Сылтамалар"><span id=".D0.A1.D1.8B.D0.BB.D1.82.D0.B0.D0.BC.D0.B0.D0.BB.D0.B0.D1.80"></span>Сылтамалар</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F&veaction=edit&section=10" title="«Сылтамалар» исемле бүлекне үзгәртү" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үзгәртү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&section=10" title="Редактировать код раздела «Сылтамалар»"><span>вики-текстны үзгәртү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint" style="clear: right; 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