CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Zeno (emperor) - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"7bec6452-6e45-4fd8-ae17-f64eebaaa737","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Zeno_(emperor)","wgTitle":"Zeno (emperor)","wgCurRevisionId":1272347713,"wgRevisionId":1272347713,"wgArticleId":77891,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Webarchive template wayback links","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use dmy dates from January 2021","Articles containing Latin-language text","Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text","Articles needing additional references from February 2011","All articles needing additional references","CS1 German-language sources (de)","420s births","491 deaths","5th-century Byzantine emperors","5th-century eastern Roman consuls", "Burials at the Church of the Holy Apostles","Deaths from dysentery","Deaths from epilepsy","Royalty and nobility with epilepsy","Isaurians","House of Leo","Magistri militum","Neurological disease deaths in Turkey","Premature burials"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Zeno_(emperor)","wgRelevantArticleId":77891,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":50000, "wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q183452","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init": "ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.16"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/Semissis_of_Zeno.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1173"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/Semissis_of_Zeno.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="782"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="625"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Zeno (emperor) - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeno_(emperor)"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Zeno_(emperor)&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeno_(emperor)"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Zeno_emperor rootpage-Zeno_emperor skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Zeno+%28emperor%29" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Zeno+%28emperor%29" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Zeno+%28emperor%29" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Zeno+%28emperor%29" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Biography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Biography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Biography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Biography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Biography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rise_to_power" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rise_to_power"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Rise to power</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rise_to_power-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>Early life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Son-in-law_of_Leo_I" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Son-in-law_of_Leo_I"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2</span> <span>Son-in-law of Leo I</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Son-in-law_of_Leo_I-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Reign</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-First_reign_and_Basiliscus'_revolt_(475–476)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_reign_and_Basiliscus'_revolt_(475–476)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>First reign and Basiliscus' revolt (475–476)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_reign_and_Basiliscus'_revolt_(475–476)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-End_of_the_Western_Empire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#End_of_the_Western_Empire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2</span> <span>End of the Western Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-End_of_the_Western_Empire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Revolt_of_Marcian_(479)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Revolt_of_Marcian_(479)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.3</span> <span>Revolt of Marcian (479)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Revolt_of_Marcian_(479)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Revolt_of_Illus_(484–488)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Revolt_of_Illus_(484–488)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.4</span> <span>Revolt of Illus (484–488)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Revolt_of_Illus_(484–488)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Affairs_with_the_Goths_(474–487)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Affairs_with_the_Goths_(474–487)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.5</span> <span>Affairs with the Goths (474–487)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Affairs_with_the_Goths_(474–487)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Promulgation_of_the_Henotikon_(482)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Promulgation_of_the_Henotikon_(482)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.6</span> <span>Promulgation of the <i>Henotikon</i> (482)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Promulgation_of_the_Henotikon_(482)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Suppressing_the_Samaritan_revolt_(484)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Suppressing_the_Samaritan_revolt_(484)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.7</span> <span>Suppressing the Samaritan revolt (484)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Suppressing_the_Samaritan_revolt_(484)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death_and_succession" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death_and_succession"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Death and succession</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death_and_succession-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Bibliography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Primary_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primary_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Primary sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primary_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Secondary_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Secondary_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Secondary sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Secondary_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Zeno (emperor)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 62 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-62" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">62 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeno_van_Bisantium" title="Zeno van Bisantium – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Zeno van Bisantium" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenon_(Kaiser)" title="Zenon (Kaiser) – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Zenon (Kaiser)" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86_(%D8%A5%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1)" title="زينون (إمبراطور) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="زينون (إمبراطور)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zen%C3%B3n_de_Bizancio" title="Zenón de Bizancio – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Zenón de Bizancio" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86_(%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3)" title="زنون (بیزانس) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="زنون (بیزانس)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B9_%D0%97%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Флавій Зянон – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Флавій Зянон" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Зенон (Византийска империя) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Зенон (Византийска империя)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenon,_car_Bizantije" title="Zenon, car Bizantije – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Zenon, car Bizantije" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenon_(impalaer)" title="Zenon (impalaer) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Zenon (impalaer)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zen%C3%B3" title="Zenó – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Zenó" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenon_(c%C3%ADsa%C5%99)" title="Zenon (císař) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Zenon (císař)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeno_(ymerawdwr)" title="Zeno (ymerawdwr) – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Zeno (ymerawdwr)" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenon_(Kaiser)" title="Zenon (Kaiser) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Zenon (Kaiser)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeno" title="Zeno – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Zeno" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%96%CE%AE%CE%BD%CF%89%CE%BD_(%CE%B1%CF%85%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%82)" title="Ζήνων (αυτοκράτορας) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ζήνων (αυτοκράτορας)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zen%C3%B3n_(emperador)" title="Zenón (emperador) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Zenón (emperador)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenon_I.a" title="Zenon I.a – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Zenon I.a" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86_(%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3)" title="زنون (امپراتور بیزانس) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زنون (امپراتور بیزانس)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%A9non_(empereur_byzantin)" title="Zénon (empereur byzantin) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Zénon (empereur byzantin)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seno_(keizer)" title="Seno (keizer) – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Seno (keizer)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zen%C3%B3n_(emperador)" title="Zenón (emperador) – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Zenón (emperador)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeno" title="Zeno – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Zeno" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%9C%EB%85%BC_(%ED%99%A9%EC%A0%9C)" title="제논 (황제) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="제논 (황제)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B6%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%B8%D5%B6_(%D4%B2%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A6%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%BD%D6%80)" title="Զենոն (Բյուզանդիայի կայսր) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Զենոն (Բյուզանդիայի կայսր)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenon,_bizantski_car" title="Zenon, bizantski car – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Zenon, bizantski car" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeno_(imperiestro)" title="Zeno (imperiestro) – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Zeno (imperiestro)" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeno_(kaisar)" title="Zeno (kaisar) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Zeno (kaisar)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenone_(imperatore)" title="Zenone (imperatore) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Zenone (imperatore)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%96%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9F,_%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%99%D7%96%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%99%D7%AA" title="זנון, קיסר האימפריה הביזנטית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="זנון, קיסר האימפריה הביזנטית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%96%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98_(%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%90)" title="ზენონი (ბიზანტია) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ზენონი (ბიზანტია)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Флавий Зенон – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Флавий Зенон" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeno_(imperator)" title="Zeno (imperator) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Zeno (imperator)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%A9n%C3%B3n_biz%C3%A1nci_cs%C3%A1sz%C3%A1r" title="Zénón bizánci császár – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Zénón bizánci császár" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80)" title="Зенон (цар) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Зенон (цар)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%96%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98_(%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%90)" title="ზენონი (ბიზანტია) – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ზენონი (ბიზანტია)" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86_(%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1)" title="زينون (امبراطور) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="زينون (امبراطور)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeno_van_Byzantium" title="Zeno van Byzantium – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Zeno van Byzantium" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BC%E3%83%8E%E3%83%B3_(%E6%9D%B1%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9E%E7%9A%87%E5%B8%9D)" title="ゼノン (東ローマ皇帝) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ゼノン (東ローマ皇帝)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenon" title="Zenon – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Zenon" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenon_Izauryjczyk" title="Zenon Izauryjczyk – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Zenon Izauryjczyk" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zen%C3%A3o_(imperador)" title="Zenão (imperador) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Zenão (imperador)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenon_(%C3%AEmp%C4%83rat)" title="Zenon (împărat) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Zenon (împărat)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80)" title="Зинон (император) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Зинон (император)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeno" title="Zeno – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Zeno" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeno_(emperor)" title="Zeno (emperor) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Zeno (emperor)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%A9n%C3%B3n_(Byzantsk%C3%A1_r%C3%AD%C5%A1a)" title="Zénón (Byzantská ríša) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Zénón (Byzantská ríša)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenon_(bizantinski_cesar)" title="Zenon (bizantinski cesar) – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Zenon (bizantinski cesar)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80)" title="Зенон (цар) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Зенон (цар)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenon_(car)" title="Zenon (car) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Zenon (car)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenon_(keisari)" title="Zenon (keisari) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Zenon (keisari)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeno_(bysantinsk_kejsare)" title="Zeno (bysantinsk kejsare) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Zeno (bysantinsk kejsare)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeno" title="Zeno – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Zeno" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%99" title="จักรพรรดิเซโน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="จักรพรรดิเซโน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeno_(imparator)" title="Zeno (imparator) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Zeno (imparator)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B9_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Флавій Зенон – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Флавій Зенон" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%88_(%D8%B4%DB%81%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%81)" title="زینو (شہنشاہ) – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="زینو (شہنشاہ)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeno_(ho%C3%A0ng_%C4%91%E1%BA%BF)" title="Zeno (hoàng đế) – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Zeno (hoàng đế)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeno_(emperador)" title="Zeno (emperador) – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Zeno (emperador)" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8A%9D%E8%AF%BA%EF%BC%88%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%EF%BC%89" title="芝诺（罗马帝国） – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="芝诺（罗马帝国）" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8A%9D%E8%AB%BE" title="芝諾 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="芝諾" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeno_(%C4%B0mperator)" title="Zeno (İmperator) – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Zeno (İmperator)" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8A%9D%E8%AF%BA_(%E7%9A%87%E5%B8%9D)" title="芝诺 (皇帝) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="芝诺 (皇帝)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q183452#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Zeno_(emperor)" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Zeno_(emperor)" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Zeno_(emperor)"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zeno_(emperor)&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zeno_(emperor)&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Zeno_(emperor)"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zeno_(emperor)&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zeno_(emperor)&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Zeno_(emperor)" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Zeno_(emperor)" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zeno_(emperor)&oldid=1272347713" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zeno_(emperor)&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Zeno_%28emperor%29&id=1272347713&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FZeno_%28emperor%29"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FZeno_%28emperor%29"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Zeno_%28emperor%29&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zeno_(emperor)&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Flavius_Zeno" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q183452" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Late 5th-century Eastern Roman emperor</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Zeno</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Semissis_of_Zeno.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Coin depicting Zeno" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Semissis_of_Zeno.png/250px-Semissis_of_Zeno.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Semissis_of_Zeno.png/375px-Semissis_of_Zeno.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/Semissis_of_Zeno.png 2x" data-file-width="397" data-file-height="388" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Semissis" class="mw-redirect" title="Semissis">Semissis</a></i> issued during Zeno's second reign marked:<br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r920966791">.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps{font-variant:small-caps}.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps-smaller{font-size:85%}</style><span class="smallcaps"><abbr title="DOMINUS NOSTER">d·n·</abbr> zeno <abbr title="PERPETUUS">perp·</abbr> <abbr title="AUGUSTUS">aug·</abbr></span></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Roman_emperor" title="Roman emperor">Roman emperor</a> <div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal" class="noprint">in the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Roman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Roman Empire">East</a> </div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">1st reign</th><td class="infobox-data">29 January 474 – <span class="nowrap">9 January 475</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Leo_II_(emperor)" title="Leo II (emperor)">Leo II</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Basiliscus" title="Basiliscus">Basiliscus</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">2nd reign</th><td class="infobox-data">August 476 – 9 April 491</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Anastasius_I_Dicorus" title="Anastasius I Dicorus">Anastasius I</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Western_Roman_Empire" title="Western Roman Empire">Western</a><br />emperors</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Julius_Nepos" title="Julius Nepos">Julius Nepos</a> (474–480)<br /><a href="/wiki/Romulus_Augustulus" title="Romulus Augustulus">Romulus Augustulus</a> (475–476)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">Tarasis<sup id="cite_ref-Tarasis_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tarasis-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 425</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Zenopolis_(Isauria)" title="Zenopolis (Isauria)">Rusumblada</a> (thereafter Zenopolis), <a href="/wiki/Isauria" title="Isauria">Isauria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cilicia" title="Cilicia">Cilicia</a><br />(now <a href="/wiki/Elmayurdu" title="Elmayurdu">Elmayurdu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karaman_Province" title="Karaman Province">Karaman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">9 April 491 (aged <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 65</span>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a><br />(now <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Arcadia<br /><a href="/wiki/Ariadne_(empress)" title="Ariadne (empress)">Ariadne</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Issue_(genealogy)" title="Issue (genealogy)">Issue</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Zenon (by Arcadia)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Leo_II_(emperor)" title="Leo II (emperor)">Leo II</a> (by Ariadne)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Regnal_name" title="Regnal name">Regnal name</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align:left; padding-left:0.7em;"><a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Imperator" title="Imperator">Imperator</a> <a href="/wiki/Caesar_(title)" title="Caesar (title)">Caesar</a> Zeno <a href="/wiki/Augustus_(title)" title="Augustus (title)">Augustus</a></i><br /><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc"><a href="/wiki/Autokrator" title="Autokrator">Αὐτοκράτωρ</a> καῖσαρ Ζήνων αὐγουστος</span><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERösch1978166_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERösch1978166-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">Dynasty</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Leonid_dynasty" title="Leonid dynasty">Leonid</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data">Kodisa</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mother</th><td class="infobox-data">Lallis</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Zeno</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span></span>/</a></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">Ζήνων</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Ancient_Greek" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Ancient Greek">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Ancient Greek-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">Zénōn</i></span>; <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 425</span> – 9 April 491) was <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Roman_emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Roman emperor">Eastern Roman emperor</a> from 474 to 475 and again from 476 to 491. His reign was plagued by domestic revolts and religious dissension, but was more successful on the foreign front. He is credited with further stabilizing the Eastern empire, while the <a href="/wiki/Western_Roman_Empire" title="Western Roman Empire">Western Roman Empire</a> fell following the deposition of <a href="/wiki/Romulus_Augustulus" title="Romulus Augustulus">Romulus Augustulus</a>. </p><p>Born in <a href="/wiki/Isauria" title="Isauria">Isauria</a>, Zeno was known as Tarasis before adopting his Greek name and becoming an ally of Emperor <a href="/wiki/Leo_I_(emperor)" title="Leo I (emperor)">Leo I</a>, who saw the Isaurian general as an important counterweight against the Germanic leader <a href="/wiki/Aspar" title="Aspar">Aspar</a>. In 466, he married Leo I's daughter, <a href="/wiki/Ariadne_(empress)" title="Ariadne (empress)">Ariadne</a>, with whom he had a son, <a href="/wiki/Leo_II_(emperor)" title="Leo II (emperor)">Leo</a>. On the death of Leo I in 474, Zeno's seven-year-old son took the throne as Leo II, with Zeno made co-emperor shortly after. Leo II died of an illness later that year, leaving Zeno as the sole emperor. </p><p>Despite his early success in making peace with the <a href="/wiki/Vandals" title="Vandals">Vandals</a>, Zeno was an unpopular emperor due to his barbarian origins. In early 475, he was forced to flee Constantinople in a revolt orchestrated in part by dowager Empress <a href="/wiki/Verina" title="Verina">Verina</a>, which concluded with Leo I's brother-in-law <a href="/wiki/Basiliscus" title="Basiliscus">Basiliscus</a> installing himself as emperor. Seeking refuge in his native Isauria, Zeno later took advantage of Basiliscus's own flagging popularity, convinced the generals <a href="/wiki/Illus" title="Illus">Illus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Armatus" title="Armatus">Armatus</a> to defect, marched on the capital and reclaimed the throne in mid-476. Meanwhile, in the western empire, Germanic leader <a href="/wiki/Odoacer" title="Odoacer">Odoacer</a> deposed the final Western Roman emperor, Romulus Augustulus, and sent the imperial regalia to Constantinople. He expressly acknowledged the suzerainty of Zeno over the West, making Zeno the theoretical sole ruler of a reunified empire. In return, Zeno recognised Odoacer's <i>de facto</i> reign in Italy. </p><p>In the late 470s and 480s Zeno faced several revolts, including one from his brother-in-law <a href="/wiki/Marcianus_(son_of_Anthemius)" title="Marcianus (son of Anthemius)">Marcianus</a> and one from Illus, both of which he ultimately suppressed. He also attempted to deal with hostilities from the two <a href="/wiki/Ostrogoths" title="Ostrogoths">Ostrogothic</a> leaders, Theodoric the Amal (<a href="/wiki/Theodoric_the_Great" title="Theodoric the Great">Theodoric the Great</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Theodoric_Strabo" title="Theodoric Strabo">Theodoric Strabo</a>, by playing them against each other. Following Strabo's early death, Zeno was able to achieve a lasting peace with Theodoric by sending him to Italy, where he defeated Odoacer and established the <a href="/wiki/Ostrogothic_Kingdom" title="Ostrogothic Kingdom">Ostrogothic Kingdom</a>. </p><p>In religious matters, Zeno issued the <i><a href="/wiki/Henotikon" title="Henotikon">Henotikon</a></i> in 482 on the advice of <a href="/wiki/Acacius_of_Constantinople" title="Acacius of Constantinople">Acacius</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Patriarch_of_Constantinople" title="Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople">Patriarch of Constantinople</a>, in an unsuccessful attempt to reconcile the differences between the <a href="/wiki/Chalcedonian_Christianity" title="Chalcedonian Christianity">Chalcedonians</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Miaphysitism" title="Miaphysitism">Miaphysites</a> over the <a href="/wiki/Christology" title="Christology">nature of Christ</a>. <a href="/wiki/Pope_Felix_III" title="Pope Felix III">Pope Felix III</a> condemned the document and excommunicated Acacius in 484, beginning the <a href="/wiki/Acacian_schism" title="Acacian schism">Acacian schism</a> which lasted until 519. Zeno died without an heir in 491 and was succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Anastasius_I_Dicorus" title="Anastasius I Dicorus">Anastasius I Dicorus</a>, a courtier chosen by Empress Ariadne. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zeno_(emperor)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rise_to_power">Rise to power</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zeno_(emperor)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Rise to power"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Early_life">Early life</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zeno_(emperor)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Piatto_di_ardaburio,_argento_fuso,_434_d.c._(found_in_1769)_03.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Piatto_di_ardaburio%2C_argento_fuso%2C_434_d.c._%28found_in_1769%29_03.JPG/220px-Piatto_di_ardaburio%2C_argento_fuso%2C_434_d.c._%28found_in_1769%29_03.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Piatto_di_ardaburio%2C_argento_fuso%2C_434_d.c._%28found_in_1769%29_03.JPG/330px-Piatto_di_ardaburio%2C_argento_fuso%2C_434_d.c._%28found_in_1769%29_03.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Piatto_di_ardaburio%2C_argento_fuso%2C_434_d.c._%28found_in_1769%29_03.JPG/440px-Piatto_di_ardaburio%2C_argento_fuso%2C_434_d.c._%28found_in_1769%29_03.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>A detail of the <i>Missorium of Aspar</i>, depicting the powerful <i>magister militum</i> <a href="/wiki/Aspar" title="Aspar">Aspar</a> and his elder son <a href="/wiki/Ardabur_(consul_447)" title="Ardabur (consul 447)">Ardabur</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 434</span>). Zeno caused Ardabur's fall, producing treacherous letters that linked him to the Sassanid King; Ardabur later bribed some of Zeno's soldiers into trying to kill him.</figcaption></figure> <p>Zeno's original name was Tarasis or more fully <i>Tarasikodissa (<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Trascalissaeus</i>)</i> in his native <a href="/wiki/Isaurian_language" title="Isaurian language">Isaurian language</a>, meaning <i>Tarasis</i> son of <i>Kodissa</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Tarasis_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tarasis-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tarasis was born in <a href="/wiki/Isauria" title="Isauria">Isauria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cilicia" title="Cilicia">Cilicia</a>, at Rusumblada, later renamed <a href="/wiki/Zenopolis_(Isauria)" title="Zenopolis (Isauria)">Zenopolis</a> in Zeno's honour.<sup id="cite_ref-Mitchell_114_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mitchell_114-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His father was called Kodisa (as attested by his patronymic "Tarasicodissa"), his mother Lallis, his brother <a href="/wiki/Longinus_(consul_486)" title="Longinus (consul 486)">Longinus</a>. Tarasis had a first wife, Arcadia, whose name indicates a relationship with the Constantinopolitan aristocracy, and whose statue was erected near the <a href="/wiki/Baths_of_Arcadius" title="Baths of Arcadius">Baths of Arcadius</a>, along the steps that led to <a href="/wiki/Topo_(climbing)" title="Topo (climbing)">Topoi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Croke_160_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Croke_160-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Near Eastern and other Christian traditions maintain that Zeno had two daughters, <a href="/wiki/Hilaria_(monk)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hilaria (monk)">Hilaria</a> and Theopiste, who followed a religious life,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but historical sources attest the existence of only one son by Arcadia, called Zenon.<sup id="cite_ref-zenon4_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zenon4-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to ancient sources, <a href="/wiki/Zeno_(consul_448)" title="Zeno (consul 448)">Flavius Zeno</a>'s prestigious career—he had fought against <a href="/wiki/Attila" title="Attila">Attila</a> in 447 to defend <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a> and been consul the following year—was the reason why Tarasis, another Isaurian officer, chose the Greek name Zeno when he married into the Imperial family, thus being known as Zeno when he rose to the throne.<sup id="cite_ref-jordanes_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jordanes-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some modern historians suggest that the Isaurian general Flavius Zeno was the father of the emperor,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but there is no consensus about this, and other sources suggest that Tarasis was a member of Zeno's entourage. A Byzantine Princess, putative daughter of Zeno and first wife Arcadia, named Helen, married as his second wife Saint <a href="/wiki/Vakhtang_I_of_Iberia" class="mw-redirect" title="Vakhtang I of Iberia">Vakhtang I Gorgasali, King of Iberia</a>, and had issue. </p><p>The Isaurians were a people who lived inland from the Mediterranean coast of <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a>, in the core of the <a href="/wiki/Mount_Taurus" class="mw-redirect" title="Mount Taurus">Taurus Mountains</a> (generally what is now the <a href="/wiki/Konya" title="Konya">Konya</a>/<a href="/wiki/Bozkir" class="mw-redirect" title="Bozkir">Bozkir</a> area of <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>). Like most borderland tribes, they were looked upon as <a href="/wiki/Barbarians" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbarians">barbarians</a> by the Romans even though they had been Roman subjects for more than five centuries. However, being <a href="/wiki/Nicene_Christian" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicene Christian">Nicene Christians</a> rather than <a href="/wiki/Arianism" title="Arianism">Arians</a>, as the Goths and other Germanic tribes were, they were not formally barred from the throne.<sup id="cite_ref-Mitchell_114_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mitchell_114-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to some scholars, in the mid-460s, the Eastern Roman Emperor, <a href="/wiki/Leo_I_(emperor)" title="Leo I (emperor)">Leo I</a>, wanted to balance the weight of the Germanic component of the army, whose leader was the <a href="/wiki/Alans" title="Alans">Alan</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Magister_militum" title="Magister militum">magister militum</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Aspar" title="Aspar">Aspar</a>. He thought that Tarasis and his Isaurians could be that counterweight, and called him, with many Isaurians, to <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a>. This interpretation, however, has been contested.<sup id="cite_ref-Croke_166_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Croke_166-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the mid-460s, Arcadia and Zeno had been living at Constantinople for some time,<sup id="cite_ref-Croke_160_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Croke_160-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where Lallis and Longinus also lived, the latter married to a Valeria, possibly a woman of aristocratic rank.<sup id="cite_ref-Croke_166_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Croke_166-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to ancient sources, the earliest reference to Tarasis dates back to 464, when he put his hands on some letters written by Aspar's son, <a href="/wiki/Ardabur_(consul_447)" title="Ardabur (consul 447)">Ardabur</a>, which proved that the son of the <i>magister militum</i> had incited the Sassanid King to invade Roman territory, promising to support the invasion. Through these letters, which Tarasis gave to Leo, the Emperor could dismiss Ardabur, who at the time was <i>magister militum per Orientem</i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Patrikios" class="mw-redirect" title="Patrikios">patricius</a></i>, thus reducing Aspar's influence and ambition. As reward for his loyalty, which Leo praised to <a href="/wiki/Daniel_the_Stylite" title="Daniel the Stylite">Daniel the Stylite</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tarasis was appointed <i><a href="/wiki/Comes_domesticorum" class="mw-redirect" title="Comes domesticorum">comes domesticorum</a></i>, an office of great influence and prestige.<sup id="cite_ref-Croke_160_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Croke_160-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This appointment could mean that Tarasis had been a <i>protector domesticus</i>, either at Leo's court in Constantinople, or attached at Ardabur's staff in <a href="/wiki/Antioch" title="Antioch">Antioch</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Croke_166_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Croke_166-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 465, Leo and Aspar quarrelled about the appointment of consuls for the following year; it was on this occasion that Tarasis' position was strengthened, as he became friend and ally of the Emperor.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Son-in-law_of_Leo_I">Son-in-law of Leo I</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zeno_(emperor)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Son-in-law of Leo I"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:KHM_Wien_Kaiserin_Ariadne_X_39.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/KHM_Wien_Kaiserin_Ariadne_X_39.jpg/220px-KHM_Wien_Kaiserin_Ariadne_X_39.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="423" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/KHM_Wien_Kaiserin_Ariadne_X_39.jpg/330px-KHM_Wien_Kaiserin_Ariadne_X_39.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/KHM_Wien_Kaiserin_Ariadne_X_39.jpg/440px-KHM_Wien_Kaiserin_Ariadne_X_39.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1566" data-file-height="3012" /></a><figcaption>Relief of <a href="/wiki/Ariadne_(empress)" title="Ariadne (empress)">Ariadne</a>, elder daughter of Emperor <a href="/wiki/Leo_I_(emperor)" title="Leo I (emperor)">Leo I</a> and wife of Zeno.</figcaption></figure> <p>To make himself more acceptable to the Roman hierarchy and the population of Constantinople, Tarasis adopted the Greek name of Zeno and used it for the rest of his life. In mid-late 466, Zeno married <a href="/wiki/Ariadne_(empress)" title="Ariadne (empress)">Ariadne</a>, elder daughter of <a href="/wiki/Leo_I_(emperor)" title="Leo I (emperor)">Leo I</a> and <a href="/wiki/Verina" title="Verina">Verina</a>; there is no reference to him divorcing Arcadia who evidently died prior to this. The next year their son was born, and Zeno became father of the <a href="/wiki/Heir_apparent" title="Heir apparent">heir apparent</a> to the throne, as the only son of Leo I had died in his infancy; to stress his claim to the throne, the boy was called <a href="/wiki/Leo_II_(emperor)" title="Leo II (emperor)">Leo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Croke_172_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Croke_172-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zeno, however, was not present at the birth of his son, as in 467, he participated in a military campaign against the Goths.<sup id="cite_ref-Croke_166_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Croke_166-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Croke_178_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Croke_178-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Leo_I_Louvre_Ma1012_n2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Leo_I_Louvre_Ma1012_n2.jpg/220px-Leo_I_Louvre_Ma1012_n2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Leo_I_Louvre_Ma1012_n2.jpg/330px-Leo_I_Louvre_Ma1012_n2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Leo_I_Louvre_Ma1012_n2.jpg/440px-Leo_I_Louvre_Ma1012_n2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Leo_I_(emperor)" title="Leo I (emperor)">Leo I</a>, father-in-law of Zeno, Eastern Roman Emperor from 457 to 474.</figcaption></figure> <p>Zeno, as a member of the <i>protectores domestici</i>, did not take part in the disastrous expedition against the <a href="/wiki/Vandals" title="Vandals">Vandals</a>, led in 468 by Leo's brother-in-law <a href="/wiki/Basiliscus" title="Basiliscus">Basiliscus</a>. The following year, during which he held the honour of the consulate, he was appointed <i><a href="/wiki/Magister_militum" title="Magister militum">magister militum</a> per Thracias</i> and led an expedition in <a href="/wiki/Thrace" title="Thrace">Thrace</a>. The sources do not clearly state what enemy he fought there, and historians had proposed either Goths or Huns, or the rebels of <a href="/wiki/Anagastes" class="mw-redirect" title="Anagastes">Anagastes</a>. Either way, before leaving, Leo and Zeno asked for <a href="/wiki/Daniel_the_Stylite" title="Daniel the Stylite">Daniel the Stylite</a>'s opinion about the campaign, and Daniel answered that Zeno would be the target of a conspiracy but would escape unharmed. Indeed, Leo sent some of his personal soldiers with Zeno to protect him, but they were bribed by <a href="/wiki/Aspar" title="Aspar">Aspar</a> to capture him instead. Zeno was informed of their intention and fled to <a href="/wiki/Serdica" class="mw-redirect" title="Serdica">Serdica</a>, and, because of this episode, Leo grew even more suspicious of Aspar.<sup id="cite_ref-Croke_185_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Croke_185-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the attack, Zeno did not return to <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a>, where Aspar and <a href="/wiki/Ardabur_(consul_447)" title="Ardabur (consul 447)">Ardabur</a> were, still with considerable power. Instead, he moved to the "Long Wall" (the <a href="/wiki/Long_Wall_(Thracian_Chersonese)" title="Long Wall (Thracian Chersonese)">Long Wall</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Thracian_Chersonese" class="mw-redirect" title="Thracian Chersonese">Thracian Chersonese</a> or, less probably, the <a href="/wiki/Anastasian_Wall" title="Anastasian Wall">Anastasian Wall</a>), then to <a href="/wiki/Pylai" class="mw-redirect" title="Pylai">Pylai</a> and from there to <a href="/wiki/Chalcedon" title="Chalcedon">Chalcedon</a>. While waiting here for an opportunity to return to the capital, he was appointed <i><a href="/wiki/Magister_militum" title="Magister militum">magister militum</a> per Orientem</i>. He took the monk <a href="/wiki/Peter_the_Fuller" title="Peter the Fuller">Peter the Fuller</a> with him and left for <a href="/wiki/Antioch" title="Antioch">Antioch</a>, his office's see, passing through <a href="/wiki/Isauria" title="Isauria">Isauria</a>, where he put down the rebellion of Indacus. Zeno stayed at Antioch for two years.<sup id="cite_ref-Croke_188_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Croke_188-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While living in Antioch with his family, Zeno sympathised with the <a href="/wiki/Monophysite" class="mw-redirect" title="Monophysite">Monophysite</a> views of Peter the Fuller, and supported him against his opponent, the <a href="/wiki/Chalcedonian" class="mw-redirect" title="Chalcedonian">Chalcedonian</a> bishop <a href="/wiki/Martyrius_of_Antioch" title="Martyrius of Antioch">Martyrius</a>. Monks from nearby monasteries journeyed to Antioch to support Peter, and Zeno first allowed them into the city and then failed to effectively repress their violence. Martyrius went to Constantinople to ask Leo for help, but, on returning to Antioch, he was informed that Peter had been elected bishop, and resigned (470). Leo reacted by ordering Peter into exile and addressing to Zeno a law that forbade the monks from leaving their monasteries or fomenting rebellion (1 June 471).<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 470/471, Zeno had also to deal with an invasion of <a href="/wiki/Tzanni" class="mw-redirect" title="Tzanni">Tzanni</a>, who attacked Roman <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With Zeno far from Constantinople, Aspar had increased his influence by having his son <a href="/wiki/Patricius_(Caesar)" title="Patricius (Caesar)">Patricius</a> appointed <i><a href="/wiki/Caesar_(title)" title="Caesar (title)">caesar</a></i> and married to Leo I's younger daughter, <a href="/wiki/Leontia_(daughter_of_Leo_I)" class="mw-redirect" title="Leontia (daughter of Leo I)">Leontia</a> (470). Sources are contradictory on the causes, but clearly state that in 471, Leo I had Aspar and Ardabur treacherously killed. This certainly occurred with Zeno's and Basiliscus' approval, as, on the eve of the murders, the two generals had moved closer to Constantinople (Zeno was at Chalcedon). Thereafter, Zeno returned to Constantinople and was appointed <i>magister militum praesentalis</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reign">Reign</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zeno_(emperor)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Reign"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="First_reign_and_Basiliscus'_revolt_(475–476)"><span id="First_reign_and_Basiliscus.27_revolt_.28475.E2.80.93476.29"></span>First reign and Basiliscus' revolt (475–476)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zeno_(emperor)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: First reign and Basiliscus' revolt (475–476)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Solidus_of_Leo_II.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Solidus_of_Leo_II.png/220px-Solidus_of_Leo_II.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Solidus_of_Leo_II.png/330px-Solidus_of_Leo_II.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Solidus_of_Leo_II.png/440px-Solidus_of_Leo_II.png 2x" data-file-width="745" data-file-height="717" /></a><figcaption>Coin of <a href="/wiki/Leo_II_(emperor)" title="Leo II (emperor)">Leo II</a>, minted in the name of "Leo and Zeno perpetual <i>Augusti</i>"; it belongs to the period when both Zeno and his son were joint emperors, between January and November 474.</figcaption></figure> <p>In October 473, Leo I appointed as <i>caesar</i> his grandson Leo II, the son of Zeno and <a href="/wiki/Ariadne_(empress)" title="Ariadne (empress)">Ariadne</a>. On 18 January 474, Leo I died; if Leo II had not already been proclaimed co-emperor by his grandfather, he would have become <i>augustus</i> on that occasion. Since Leo II was seven years old (too young to rule himself) Ariadne and her mother <a href="/wiki/Verina" title="Verina">Verina</a> prevailed upon him to crown Zeno, his father, as co-emperor, which he did on 29 January 474.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When Leo II became ill and died, Zeno became sole emperor. </p><p>Zeno had to settle matters with the <a href="/wiki/Vandals" title="Vandals">Vandal</a> King, <a href="/wiki/Genseric" class="mw-redirect" title="Genseric">Genseric</a>, who was conducting raids against the Empire's coastal cities, threatening key commercial sea routes. Zeno sent Genseric a high-ranking officer as ambassador, Severus, who succeeded in stipulating an "eternal" peace between the Vandals and the Empire, which allowed the Romans to pay ransoms for the prisoners in Vandal hands and which ended the Vandal persecution of Nicene Christians in their territory.<sup id="cite_ref-Williams181_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Williams181-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite this success, Zeno continued to be unpopular with the people and Senate because of his <a href="/wiki/Barbarian" title="Barbarian">barbarian</a> origins; his right to the throne was limited to his marriage with Ariadne and his relationship to <a href="/wiki/Verina" title="Verina">Verina</a>, the dowager Empress. Therefore, he chose to draw support from the Isaurian component of the army, in particular, the Isaurian generals <a href="/wiki/Illus" title="Illus">Illus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Flavius_Appalius_Illus_Trocundes" title="Flavius Appalius Illus Trocundes">Trocundes</a>, both brothers. However, Verina decided to overthrow her son-in-law Zeno and replace him with her lover, the ex-<i>magister officiorum</i> Patricius, with the help of her brother <a href="/wiki/Basiliscus" title="Basiliscus">Basiliscus</a>. The conspirators fomented riots in the capital against the Isaurian emperor; Basiliscus succeeded also in convincing Illus, Trocundes and the Ostrogothic general <a href="/wiki/Theodoric_Strabo" title="Theodoric Strabo">Theodoric Strabo</a> to join the plot.<sup id="cite_ref-Williams181_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Williams181-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tremissis_of_Basiliscus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Tremissis_of_Basiliscus.jpg/220px-Tremissis_of_Basiliscus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Tremissis_of_Basiliscus.jpg/330px-Tremissis_of_Basiliscus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Tremissis_of_Basiliscus.jpg/440px-Tremissis_of_Basiliscus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="238" /></a><figcaption>Coin of <a href="/wiki/Basiliscus" title="Basiliscus">Basiliscus</a>, who revolted against Zeno in January 475 and held power until Zeno's return in August 476. Basiliscus was <a href="/wiki/Verina" title="Verina">Verina</a>'s brother; he took power after having Zeno flee from Constantinople, but alienated the people of Constantinople and was captured and put to death by Zeno.</figcaption></figure> <p>On 9 January 475,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zeno was forced to flee Constantinople to Isauria with his wife and mother, some Isaurian fellows and the Imperial treasure. Illus and Trocundes were sent to chase him, and Zeno was compelled to shut himself up in a fortress, where Illus besieged him, also capturing Zeno's brother <a href="/wiki/Longinus_(consul_486)" title="Longinus (consul 486)">Longinus</a> and keeping him as a hostage.<sup id="cite_ref-Williams181_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Williams181-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, the conspirators quickly fell in conflict with each other. Basiliscus took the throne for himself, putting to death Verina's lover and candidate, Patricius. He also allowed the mob to kill all of the Isaurians left in Constantinople, an episode that damaged relations with the Isaurian generals Illus and Trocundes. Basiliscus appointed his nephew <a href="/wiki/Armatus" title="Armatus">Armatus</a> <i>magister militum</i>, thus alienating Theodoric Strabo. Since Zeno had left no money, Basiliscus was forced to levy heavy taxes. Finally, he alienated the Church by supporting the <a href="/wiki/Monophysites" class="mw-redirect" title="Monophysites">Monophysites</a>. The people of Constantinople also put the blame on him for a great fire that burned several parts of the city. With the secret support of the Senate, and bribes paid by Zeno, Illus agreed to switch sides and united his army with Zeno's, marching on Constantinople. Basiliscus tried to recover popular support and sent another army against Zeno, under his nephew Armatus' command. Zeno succeeded in bribing Armatus too, promising to confirm his rank of <i>magister militum praesentalis</i> for life and promoting his son (also called Basiliscus) to the rank of <i><a href="/wiki/Caesar_(title)" title="Caesar (title)">caesar</a></i>; Armatus' army failed to intercept Zeno's troops during their march on Constantinople.<sup id="cite_ref-Williams181_23-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Williams181-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In August 476, Zeno besieged Constantinople. The Senate opened the gates of the city to the Isaurian, allowing the deposed emperor to resume the throne. Basiliscus fled with his family to the baptistery of <a href="/wiki/Hagia_Sophia#Church_of_Theodosius_II" title="Hagia Sophia">Hagia Sophia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Betrayed by the <a href="/wiki/Patriarch_Acacius_of_Constantinople" class="mw-redirect" title="Patriarch Acacius of Constantinople">Patriarch Acacius</a>, he surrendered himself and his family after extracting a solemn promise from Zeno not to shed their blood. Basiliscus and his family were sent to a fortress in <a href="/wiki/Cappadocia" title="Cappadocia">Cappadocia</a>, where Zeno had them enclosed in a dry cistern, to die from exposure.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After his restoration, Zeno fulfilled his promises, letting Armatus keep his title of <i>magister militum praesentalis</i> (possibly even raising him to the rank of <i><a href="/wiki/Patrikios" class="mw-redirect" title="Patrikios">patricius</a></i>) and appointing his son <a href="/wiki/Basiliscus_(Caesar)" title="Basiliscus (Caesar)">Basiliscus</a> <i>Caesar</i> in <a href="/wiki/Nicaea" title="Nicaea">Nicaea</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 477, however, Zeno changed his mind, probably instigated by Illus, who stood to gain from the fall of Armatus. Armatus was executed, his property confiscated, and his son Basiliscus removed from power and ordained as a priest.<sup id="cite_ref-evagrius_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-evagrius-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-armatios_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-armatios-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-martindale_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-martindale-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="End_of_the_Western_Empire">End of the Western Empire</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zeno_(emperor)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: End of the Western Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Solidus-Odoacer-ZenoRIC_3657cf.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Solidus-Odoacer-ZenoRIC_3657cf.jpg/220px-Solidus-Odoacer-ZenoRIC_3657cf.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Solidus-Odoacer-ZenoRIC_3657cf.jpg/330px-Solidus-Odoacer-ZenoRIC_3657cf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Solidus-Odoacer-ZenoRIC_3657cf.jpg/440px-Solidus-Odoacer-ZenoRIC_3657cf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="221" /></a><figcaption>This <a href="/wiki/Solidus_(coin)" title="Solidus (coin)">solidus</a> was minted by <a href="/wiki/Odoacer" title="Odoacer">Odoacer</a> in the name of Zeno. Odoacer ruled Italy under the formal patronage of the Eastern Emperor.</figcaption></figure> <p>The western emperor <a href="/wiki/Olybrius" title="Olybrius">Olybrius</a> died in the autumn of 472. <a href="/wiki/Gundobad" title="Gundobad">Gundobad</a>, the western <i>magister militum</i>, then proclaimed <a href="/wiki/Glycerius" title="Glycerius">Glycerius</a>, the <i><a href="/wiki/Comes_domesticorum" class="mw-redirect" title="Comes domesticorum">comes domesticorum</a></i> (commander of the Imperial guard) as western emperor in Ravenna. <a href="/wiki/Leo_I_(emperor)" title="Leo I (emperor)">Leo I</a> refused to endorse Glycerius and elevated his nephew <a href="/wiki/Julius_Nepos" title="Julius Nepos">Julius Nepos</a> to co-emperor for the west in 473. Expecting resistance, Nepos was forced by bad winter weather to delay his voyage until the next year; it was therefore left to Zeno, as Leo's successor, to support Julius Nepos' installation in Ravenna. Nepos arrived in Italy, quickly deposed Glycerius who offered no resistance, and was proclaimed emperor by the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Senate" title="Roman Senate">Roman Senate</a> in June 474. Julius was on good terms with Zeno, and he even minted coins in the names of Zeno, Leo II and himself.<sup id="cite_ref-Mathisen_Nepos_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mathisen_Nepos-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Europe_and_the_Near_East_at_476_AD.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Europe_and_the_Near_East_at_476_AD.png/280px-Europe_and_the_Near_East_at_476_AD.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Europe_and_the_Near_East_at_476_AD.png/420px-Europe_and_the_Near_East_at_476_AD.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Europe_and_the_Near_East_at_476_AD.png/560px-Europe_and_the_Near_East_at_476_AD.png 2x" data-file-width="2830" data-file-height="1967" /></a><figcaption>Europe and the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Basin" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean Basin">Mediterranean Basin</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Western_Roman_Empire" title="Fall of the Western Roman Empire">fall of the Western Roman Empire</a> in 476</figcaption></figure> <p>In August 475, during <a href="/wiki/Basiliscus" title="Basiliscus">Basiliscus</a>' reign, while Zeno was in Isauria blocked by <a href="/wiki/Illus" title="Illus">Illus</a>' army, <a href="/wiki/Orestes_(father_of_Romulus_Augustulus)" title="Orestes (father of Romulus Augustulus)">Orestes</a>, the western <i>magister militum</i>, revolted, forcing Nepos to flee Italy for Dalmatia; Orestes proclaimed his own son <a href="/wiki/Romulus_Augustus" class="mw-redirect" title="Romulus Augustus">Romulus Augustus</a> emperor, but was unable to gain the allegiance of the remnants of the Western Empire outside of Italy.<sup id="cite_ref-Mathisen_Nepos_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mathisen_Nepos-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One year later, while Zeno was entering <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a> to end Basiliscus' brief usurpation, Romulus and Orestes were overthrown by the Chieftain <a href="/wiki/Odoacer" title="Odoacer">Odoacer</a>. With the support of Odoacer, the Roman Senate sent an envoy to present the imperial insignia to the restored Zeno. They asked Zeno to dissolve the separation of the empire and rule as sole Emperor; also, to appoint Odoacer both <i><a href="/wiki/Patrikios" class="mw-redirect" title="Patrikios">patricius</a></i> and official imperial governor of Italy. At the same time, Zeno received another embassy, sent by Julius Nepos, who asked Zeno to give him the money and the army he needed to resume his control of Italy. Zeno answered that the Roman Senate should welcome back Julius Nepos, their rightful emperor, and that Odoacer should properly receive the patriciate from Nepos, although he allowed that he would also grant it.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Odoacer was officially recognised and left in possession of Italy, while Nepos kept his title and the other fragments of the empire's western holdings, but no army. </p><p>Perhaps in deference to Zeno, Odoacer recognised Nepos' <i>de jure</i> reign in Italy until his death, ruling and even minting coins in his name, but he never allowed his return. After Nepos' assassination in 480, Odoacer invaded Dalmatia to pursue and punish the assassins (and also to take Dalmatia for himself). Zeno legitimised Odoacer's authority in Dalmatia; Odoacer recognised Zeno as sole emperor of the again unitary Empire, but increasingly started using the title of king for himself.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Revolt_of_Marcian_(479)"><span id="Revolt_of_Marcian_.28479.29"></span>Revolt of Marcian (479)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zeno_(emperor)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Revolt of Marcian (479)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Marcianus_(son_of_Anthemius)" title="Marcianus (son of Anthemius)">Marcian</a> was son of the Western Roman emperor <a href="/wiki/Anthemius" title="Anthemius">Anthemius</a> (467–472) and maternal grandson of Emperor <a href="/wiki/Marcian" title="Marcian">Marcian</a> (450–457). He had married <a href="/wiki/Ariadne_(empress)" title="Ariadne (empress)">Ariadne</a>'s sister <a href="/wiki/Leontia_(daughter_of_Leo_I)" class="mw-redirect" title="Leontia (daughter of Leo I)">Leontia</a>, and was therefore Zeno's brother-in-law; he was twice consul, in 467 and 472. </p><p>In 479 Marcian tried to overthrow Zeno and claim the throne for himself. With the help of his brothers <a href="/wiki/Procopius_Anthemius_(emperor%27s_son)" class="mw-redirect" title="Procopius Anthemius (emperor's son)">Procopius Anthemius</a> and <a href="/wiki/Romulus_(son_of_Anthemius)" title="Romulus (son of Anthemius)">Romulus</a>, he gathered in <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a> troops composed of both citizens and foreigners in the house of a Caesarius, south of the <a href="/wiki/Forum_of_Theodosius" title="Forum of Theodosius">Forum of Theodosius</a>, and from there they marched at the same time on the imperial palace and on the house of <a href="/wiki/Illus" title="Illus">Illus</a>, who was a supporter of Zeno. The emperor almost fell into the hands of the rebels, who, during the day, overwhelmed the imperial troops, who were also attacked by citizens from the roofs of their houses. During the night, however, Illus moved an Isaurian unit, quartered in nearby <a href="/wiki/Chalcedonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Chalcedonia">Chalcedonia</a>, into Constantinople and also corrupted Marcian's soldiers, who allowed Zeno to flee. The following morning, Marcian, understanding that his situation was desperate and that reinforcements from <a href="/wiki/Theodoric_Strabo" title="Theodoric Strabo">Theodoric Strabo</a> would not arrive in time, took refuge in the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Holy_Apostles" title="Church of the Holy Apostles">church of the Holy Apostles</a>, but was arrested with his brothers.<sup id="cite_ref-Bury_Marcian_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bury_Marcian-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Zeno sent Marcian and his brothers to <a href="/wiki/Caesarea_in_Cappadocia" class="mw-redirect" title="Caesarea in Cappadocia">Caesarea in Cappadocia</a>. They tried to flee, but Marcian was captured and obliged to become a monk in <a href="/wiki/Tarsus,_Mersin" title="Tarsus, Mersin">Tarsus</a> (Cilicia),<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or imprisoned in Isauria, in the fortress of <a href="/wiki/Papurius" title="Papurius">Papurius</a>. He tried to escape a second time, and this time he succeeded, but, after gathering new troops and attacking <a href="/wiki/Ancyra" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancyra">Ancyra</a>, he was defeated and captured by <a href="/wiki/Flavius_Appalius_Illus_Trocundes" title="Flavius Appalius Illus Trocundes">Trocundes</a>, Illus' brother.<sup id="cite_ref-Bury_Marcian_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bury_Marcian-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Revolt_of_Illus_(484–488)"><span id="Revolt_of_Illus_.28484.E2.80.93488.29"></span>Revolt of Illus (484–488)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zeno_(emperor)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Revolt of Illus (484–488)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Zeno_(emperor)" title="Special:EditPage/Zeno (emperor)">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2011</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The commanding position and popular favour of Illus rendered him an object of suspicion, and Zeno in various ways sought to rid himself of him. Also <a href="/wiki/Verina" title="Verina">Verina</a>, the dowager Empress, plotted against his life. Verina's attempt was unsuccessful, and Zeno, equally jealous of her and of Illus, banished her at the suggestion of the latter, confining her in the fort of <a href="/wiki/Papurius" title="Papurius">Papurius</a>. There is some doubt as to the timing of these events. <a href="/wiki/Candidus_of_Isauria" class="mw-redirect" title="Candidus of Isauria">Candidus of Isauria</a> places the banishment of Verina before the revolt of Marcian, and <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Lector" class="mw-redirect" title="Theodore Lector">Theodore Lector</a> assigns as the cause of it her share in the revolt of Basiliscus. It is not unlikely, indeed, that this turbulent woman was twice banished, once before Marcian's revolt, for her connection with Basiliscus, and again after Marcian's revolt, for her plot against Illus. </p><p>From her prison she managed to persuade her daughter Ariadne, the wife of Zeno, to attempt to obtain her release, first from Zeno, and then from Illus, to whom the Emperor referred her. Illus refused her request. Ariadne, like her mother, attempted to assassinate Illus. <a href="/wiki/Jordanes" title="Jordanes">Jordanes</a> ascribes her hatred to another cause: he says that Illus had infused jealous suspicions into Zeno's mind which had led Zeno to attempt to end her life, and that her knowledge of these things stimulated her to revenge. The assassin whom she employed only wounded Illus; the assassin was taken prisoner and Zeno, who appears to have been privy to the affair, was unable to prevent his execution. </p><p>Illus—with his friend <a href="/wiki/Pamprepius" title="Pamprepius">Pamprepius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leontius_(usurper)" title="Leontius (usurper)">Leontius</a> and his brother <a href="/wiki/Flavius_Appalius_Illus_Trocundes" title="Flavius Appalius Illus Trocundes">Trocundes</a>—now retired from court. They first went to <a href="/wiki/Nicaea" title="Nicaea">Nicaea</a> and then, on pretence of change of air and of procuring a cure for his wound, into the East where he was made <i>magister militum</i>. Having traversed Asia Minor, they raised the standard of revolt in 484, when Illus declared Leontius Emperor. Zeno sent an army to fight them, but Illus won, obtained possession of <a href="/wiki/Papurius" title="Papurius">Papurius</a>, released Verina, and induced her to crown Leontius at Tarsus. </p><p>In 485 Zeno sent against the rebels a fresh army, said to consist of <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(Roman_province)" title="Macedonia (Roman province)">Macedonians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Scythians" title="Scythians">Scythians</a> (Tillemont conjectures, not unreasonably, that these were <a href="/wiki/Ostrogoths" title="Ostrogoths">Ostrogoths</a>) under <a href="/wiki/John_the_Hunchback" title="John the Hunchback">John the Hunchback</a>, or, more probably, <a href="/wiki/John_the_Scythian" title="John the Scythian">John the Scythian</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Theoderic_the_Great" class="mw-redirect" title="Theoderic the Great">Theoderic the Amal</a>, who was at this time consul. John defeated the rebels near Seleucia and drove them into the fort of Papurius where he blockaded them. After a few months Trocundes died; the fort was taken only after four years of siege, by the treachery of Trocundes's brother-in-law, who had been sent for the purpose from Constantinople by Zeno. Illus and Leontius were beheaded (488) and their heads sent to the Emperor.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Affairs_with_the_Goths_(474–487)"><span id="Affairs_with_the_Goths_.28474.E2.80.93487.29"></span>Affairs with the Goths (474–487)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zeno_(emperor)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Affairs with the Goths (474–487)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Theodoric_bronze_weight_inlaid_with_silver_issued_by_prefect_Catulinus_Rome_493_526.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Theodoric_bronze_weight_inlaid_with_silver_issued_by_prefect_Catulinus_Rome_493_526.jpg/220px-Theodoric_bronze_weight_inlaid_with_silver_issued_by_prefect_Catulinus_Rome_493_526.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Theodoric_bronze_weight_inlaid_with_silver_issued_by_prefect_Catulinus_Rome_493_526.jpg/330px-Theodoric_bronze_weight_inlaid_with_silver_issued_by_prefect_Catulinus_Rome_493_526.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Theodoric_bronze_weight_inlaid_with_silver_issued_by_prefect_Catulinus_Rome_493_526.jpg/440px-Theodoric_bronze_weight_inlaid_with_silver_issued_by_prefect_Catulinus_Rome_493_526.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1204" data-file-height="1176" /></a><figcaption>Bronze weight with the name of <a href="/wiki/Theoderic_the_Great" class="mw-redirect" title="Theoderic the Great">Theoderic the Great</a>, King of the <a href="/wiki/Ostrogoths" title="Ostrogoths">Ostrogoths</a> and ruler of Italy. Theoderic served under Zeno, fighting against his opponent <a href="/wiki/Theodoric_Strabo" title="Theodoric Strabo">Theodoric Strabo</a> (476–481), and then was the leader of the army that besieged the fort of <a href="/wiki/Papurius" title="Papurius">Papurius</a> and captured and killed <a href="/wiki/Illus" title="Illus">Illus</a>' brother, Trocundes (484).</figcaption></figure> <p>The aggressions of the two <a href="/wiki/Ostrogoth" class="mw-redirect" title="Ostrogoth">Ostrogothic</a> leaders, Theoderic the Amal (<a href="/wiki/Theoderic_the_Great" class="mw-redirect" title="Theoderic the Great">Theoderic the Great</a>), the son of <a href="/wiki/Theodemir_(Ostrogothic_king)" title="Theodemir (Ostrogothic king)">Theodemir</a> and leader of the <a href="/wiki/Moesia" title="Moesia">Moesian</a> Ostrogoths, and <a href="/wiki/Theodoric_Strabo" title="Theodoric Strabo">Theodoric Strabo</a>, the leader of the <a href="/wiki/Thracia" title="Thracia">Thracian</a> Ostrogoths, had been a constant source of danger since 472. Although Zeno at times contrived to play them off against each other, they in turn were able to profit by his dynastic rivalries. It was only by offering them pay and high command that he kept them from attacking Constantinople itself. </p><p>At the death of <a href="/wiki/Leo_II_(emperor)" title="Leo II (emperor)">Leo II</a>, Theodoric Strabo rebelled against Zeno. His support was instrumental in overthrowing Zeno and raising <a href="/wiki/Basiliscus" title="Basiliscus">Basiliscus</a> to the Byzantine throne (475), but Theodoric and Basiliscus had a falling-out, so when Zeno returned to <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a> in 476 and defeated Basiliscus, Strabo was reported to have not defended the city.<sup id="cite_ref-martindale_2_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-martindale_2-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 476/477, Zeno allied himself with Strabo's rival, Theoderic the Amal, and ordered him to attack Strabo. The leader of the Thracian Goths sent an embassy to the Emperor, offering peace and blaming the Moesian Theodoric. Zeno understood that this offering was hiding further conspiracies, and convinced the Senate and army to declare Strabo a public enemy.<sup id="cite_ref-martindale_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-martindale-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Zeno's plan was to have the two Theoderics attack each other. He sent the Amal against Strabo, who supported the revolt of <a href="/wiki/Marcianus_(son_of_Anthemius)" title="Marcianus (son of Anthemius)">Marcianus</a>, with the promise of a huge <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Roman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Roman Empire">Roman</a> force as reinforcement (478). When Theoderic the Amal arrived through the mountains at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mount_Soundis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mount Soundis (page does not exist)">Mount Soundis</a>, he did not find the Roman reinforcement army he expected, but instead Theodoric Strabo's army, in a strongly fortified camp. The two Theoderics agreed to put forward a joint request to the Emperor, in order to extend to the south the settlement territory of the Ostrogoths in Moesia.<sup id="cite_ref-wolfram_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wolfram-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Zeno tried to divide the two Theoderics by bribing the Amal, but he refused the bribe. The Imperial army obtained some initial successes, but Zeno did not press his advantage, and allowed the Amal to move westward in Thrace, plundering territories as he went. With the Amal far away, Strabo accepted an agreement with Zeno: Strabo was to be given back his wealth, money to pay 13,000 soldiers, the command of two <i><a href="/wiki/Palatina" class="mw-redirect" title="Palatina">palatinae</a></i> units, and the title once more of <i>magister militum</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-wolfram_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wolfram-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the army of Theodoric Strabo, 30,000-men strong was still a menace for Zeno, who convinced the <a href="/wiki/Bulgars" title="Bulgars">Bulgars</a> to attack the Thracian Goths in their own base. Strabo defeated the Bulgars in 480/481, and moved towards Constantinople, but he had to deal with problems with his own men, so he could not capitalise upon his victory and was forced to return to Greece. On his way back, he died in an accident.<sup id="cite_ref-wolfram_41-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wolfram-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After Theodoric Strabo died in 481, the future Theoderic the Great became king of the entire Ostrogoth nation and continued to be a source of trouble in the <a href="/wiki/Balkan_peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Balkan peninsula">Balkan peninsula</a>. Zeno allied to Theoderic, whom he appointed <i><a href="/wiki/Magister_militum" title="Magister militum">magister militum</a> praesentalis</i> and even consul for the year 484, the first time a barbarian who was not a citizen of the Empire reached such a high distinction. Zeno had Theoderic fight against <a href="/wiki/Illus" title="Illus">Illus</a> and the usurper <a href="/wiki/Leontius_(usurper)" title="Leontius (usurper)">Leontius</a>, besieging them at <a href="/wiki/Papurius" title="Papurius">Papurius</a> in 484–488. However, in 486 Theoderic revolted again and attacked Constantinople, severing the city's water supply. Zeno bought a peace and agreed with Theoderic that the Ostrogoths should have gone to invade Italy to fight <a href="/wiki/Odoacer" title="Odoacer">Odoacer</a>, who had allegedly supported Leontius, and to establish his new kingdom there (487). This all but eliminated the Germanic presence in the east.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Promulgation_of_the_Henotikon_(482)"><span id="Promulgation_of_the_Henotikon_.28482.29"></span>Promulgation of the <i>Henotikon</i> (482)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zeno_(emperor)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Promulgation of the Henotikon (482)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In religious matters, Zeno is famous for his <i><a href="/wiki/Henotikon" title="Henotikon">Henotikon</a></i>, or "Act of Union", issued in 482 to mediate between <a href="/wiki/Chalcedonian" class="mw-redirect" title="Chalcedonian">Chalcedonian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Miaphysitism" title="Miaphysitism">Miaphysite</a> views about the <a href="/wiki/Christology" title="Christology">nature of Christ</a>. The Chalcedonians recognised two natures (<i><a href="/wiki/Physis" title="Physis">physis</a></i>) in Christ, the Miaphysites only one; the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Chalcedon" title="Council of Chalcedon">Council of Chalcedon</a> (451) had issued the <a href="/wiki/Chalcedonian_Creed" class="mw-redirect" title="Chalcedonian Creed">Chalcedonian Creed</a> and condemned the Miaphysite position, but the Miaphysites were still strong, especially in the Eastern provinces of the Empire, and the <a href="/wiki/Patriarch_of_Alexandria" title="Patriarch of Alexandria">Patriarch of Alexandria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Mongus" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter Mongus">Peter Mongus</a>, was a Miaphysite. Supporting the Miaphysites was one of the mistakes made by <a href="/wiki/Basiliscus" title="Basiliscus">Basiliscus</a>, as the people of <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a> were Chalcedonian, but Zeno needed the support of the Miaphysite provinces—Egypt, Syria, Palestine and Asia Minor; also, the <a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Patriarch_of_Constantinople" title="Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople">Patriarch of Constantinople</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patriarch_Acacius_of_Constantinople" class="mw-redirect" title="Patriarch Acacius of Constantinople">Acacius</a>, was interested in reducing the distance between the two positions. </p><p>Therefore, in 482 Zeno issued the <i>Henotikon</i>, a document he had developed with the support of Acacius and addressed to the factions in Egypt. The edict affirmed the <a href="/wiki/Nicene-Constantinopolitan_Creed" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed">Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed</a> (i.e., the Creed of Nicaea completed at Constantinople) as affording a common, final and united symbol or expression of faith. All other symbola or mathemata were excluded; <a href="/wiki/Eutyches" title="Eutyches">Eutyches</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nestorius" title="Nestorius">Nestorius</a> were unmistakably condemned in an <a href="/wiki/Anathema" title="Anathema">anathema</a>, while the twelve chapters of <a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Alexandria" title="Cyril of Alexandria">Cyril of Alexandria</a> were accepted. The teaching of Chalcedon was not so much repudiated as passed over in silence; Jesus Christ was described as the "only-begotten Son of God [...] one and not two" and there was no explicit reference to the two natures.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The bishop of Rome, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Felix_III" title="Pope Felix III">Pope Felix III</a>, refused to accept the document and excommunicated Acacius (484), thus beginning the <a href="/wiki/Acacian_schism" title="Acacian schism">Acacian schism</a>, which lasted until 519.<sup id="cite_ref-vasiliev_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vasiliev-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 488 the patriarch of Antioch, <a href="/wiki/Peter_the_Fuller" title="Peter the Fuller">Peter the Fuller</a>, came to Constantinople to have his right to the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Cyprus" title="Church of Cyprus">Church of Cyprus</a> confirmed. Zeno called the bishop of Cyprus, <a href="/wiki/Anthemius_of_Cyprus" title="Anthemius of Cyprus">Anthemius</a>, to answer the accusations. The bishop claimed that before his departure, he had had a vision of St. <a href="/wiki/Barnabas" title="Barnabas">Barnabas</a>, in which the position of the tomb of the apostle had been revealed to him. In the tomb, Anthemius had found the relics of the apostle and a copy of the <i><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Matthew" title="Gospel of Matthew">Gospel of Matthew</a></i> written in Hebrew by Barnabas himself. Zeno received the relics and the manuscript, and in exchange he proclaimed the autonomy of the Church of Cyprus.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 489 Zeno closed the Persian <a href="/wiki/School_of_Edessa" title="School of Edessa">school of Edessa</a> in Mesopotamia, by request of bishop <a href="/wiki/Cyrus_II_of_Edessa" title="Cyrus II of Edessa">Cyrus II of Edessa</a>, because it promoted <a href="/wiki/Nestorianism" title="Nestorianism">Nestorian</a> teachings, and built a church in its place. The school relocated to its original home of <a href="/wiki/Nisibis" class="mw-redirect" title="Nisibis">Nisibis</a>, becoming again the <a href="/wiki/School_of_Nisibis" title="School of Nisibis">School of Nisibis</a>, and leading to a wave of Nestorian immigration into <a href="/wiki/Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Persia">Persia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Suppressing_the_Samaritan_revolt_(484)"><span id="Suppressing_the_Samaritan_revolt_.28484.29"></span>Suppressing the Samaritan revolt (484)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zeno_(emperor)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Suppressing the Samaritan revolt (484)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gerizim.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Gerizim.jpg/220px-Gerizim.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Gerizim.jpg/330px-Gerizim.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Gerizim.jpg/440px-Gerizim.jpg 2x" data-file-width="518" data-file-height="297" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mount_Gerizim" title="Mount Gerizim">Mount Gerizim</a>, where <a href="/wiki/Samaritan" class="mw-redirect" title="Samaritan">Samaritan</a> sources have Zeno buried.</figcaption></figure> <p>According to <a href="/wiki/Samaritan" class="mw-redirect" title="Samaritan">Samaritan</a> sources, Zeno (whom the sources call "Zait the King of Edom") persecuted the Samaritans. The Emperor went to <a href="/wiki/Sichem" class="mw-redirect" title="Sichem">Sichem</a> (<i>Neapolis</i>), gathered the elders and asked them to convert; when they refused, Zeno had many Samaritans killed, and converted the synagogue to a church. Zeno then took for himself <a href="/wiki/Mount_Gerizim" title="Mount Gerizim">Mount Gerizim</a>, where the Samaritans worshipped God, and built several edifices, among which a tomb for his recently deceased son, on which he put a cross, so that the Samaritans, worshipping God, would prostrate in front of the tomb. According to these same sources, Zeno was buried on Mount Gerizim. </p><p>Later, in 484, the Samaritans revolted. The rebels attacked Sichem, burnt five churches built on Samaritan holy places and cut off the fingers of bishop Terebinthus, who was officiating the ceremony of <a href="/wiki/Whitsun" title="Whitsun">Whitsun</a>. They elected <a href="/wiki/Justa_(rebel)" title="Justa (rebel)">Justa</a> (or Justasa/Justasus) as their king and moved to <a href="/wiki/Caesarea_Maritima" title="Caesarea Maritima">Caesarea</a>, where a significant Samaritan community lived. Here several Christians were killed and the church of St. Sebastian was destroyed. Justa celebrated the victory with games in the circus. According to <a href="/wiki/John_Malalas" title="John Malalas">John Malalas</a>, the <i><a href="/wiki/Dux" title="Dux">dux</a> <a href="/wiki/Palaestina_Prima" title="Palaestina Prima">Palestinae</a></i> Asclepiades, whose troops were reinforced by the Caesarea-based <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arcadiani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arcadiani (page does not exist)">Arcadiani</a> of Rheges, defeated Justa, killed him and sent his head to Zeno.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Procopius_of_Caesarea" class="mw-redirect" title="Procopius of Caesarea">Procopius of Caesarea</a>, Terebinthus went to Zeno to ask for revenge; the Emperor personally went to Samaria to quell the rebellion.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Modern historians believe that the order of the facts preserved by Samaritan sources should be inverted, as the persecution of Zeno was a consequence of the rebellion rather than its cause, and should have happened after 484, around 489. Zeno rebuilt the church of <a href="/wiki/Procopius_of_Scythopolis" title="Procopius of Scythopolis">St. Procopius</a> in Neapolis (Sichem) and the Samaritans were banned from Mount Gerizim, on whose top a signalling tower was built to alert in case of civil unrest.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Death_and_succession">Death and succession</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zeno_(emperor)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Death and succession"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Zeno died on 9 April 491,<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of <a href="/wiki/Dysentery" title="Dysentery">dysentery</a><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or of <a href="/wiki/Epilepsy" title="Epilepsy">epilepsy</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> after ruling for 17 years and 2 months. No sons were to succeed him: Leo had died in 474, Zenon, the first son, in his youth, while living at court.<sup id="cite_ref-zenon4_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zenon4-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ariadne chose a favoured member of the Imperial court, <a href="/wiki/Anastasius_I_(emperor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Anastasius I (emperor)">Anastasius</a>, to succeed Zeno. Zeno's brother <a href="/wiki/Longinus_(consul_486)" title="Longinus (consul 486)">Longinus</a> then revolted, starting the <a href="/wiki/Isaurian_War" title="Isaurian War">Isaurian War</a>. </p><p>The chroniclers <a href="/wiki/George_Kedrenos" title="George Kedrenos">George Kedrenos</a> (eleventh century) and <a href="/wiki/Joannes_Zonaras" title="Joannes Zonaras">Joannes Zonaras</a> (twelfth century) allege that Ariadne had Zeno locked up in a tomb while he was unconscious from drinking or acute illness. She ordered passersby to ignore Zeno's cries for help after he awoke; he survived for a time by eating the flesh of his own arms, but eventually perished. This is one of the first historical mentions of the theme of the <a href="/wiki/Premature_burial" title="Premature burial">buried alive</a> devouring their arms or hands.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This tale is likely false, as earlier and contemporary sources do not mention it, even though they too were hostile to his memory.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zeno_(emperor)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tabula_-_boardgame_-_Zeno_game.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Tabula_-_boardgame_-_Zeno_game.svg/330px-Tabula_-_boardgame_-_Zeno_game.svg.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Tabula_-_boardgame_-_Zeno_game.svg/495px-Tabula_-_boardgame_-_Zeno_game.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Tabula_-_boardgame_-_Zeno_game.svg/660px-Tabula_-_boardgame_-_Zeno_game.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="303" /></a><figcaption>A game of <a href="/wiki/Tabula_(game)" title="Tabula (game)">τάβλη (tabula)</a> played by Zeno in 480 and recorded by <a href="/wiki/Agathias" title="Agathias">Agathias</a> in <i>circa</i> 530 because of a very unlucky dice result for Zeno. The game is similar to <a href="/wiki/Backgammon" title="Backgammon">backgammon</a>; Zeno (red) threw 2, 5 and 6 and was forced to leave eight pieces alone and thus exposed to capture. This is considered by some historians to be the first recorded bad beat story in human history.<sup id="cite_ref-austin-zeno_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-austin-zeno-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Zeno was a player of <a href="/wiki/Tabula_(game)" title="Tabula (game)">τάβλη (tabula)</a>, a game nearly identical to modern <a href="/wiki/Backgammon" title="Backgammon">backgammon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-austin-zeno_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-austin-zeno-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Τάβλη is still used to refer to backgammon in Greece.) In 480 he had a hand that was so unlucky that he wrote an epigram to record it; <a href="/wiki/Agathias" title="Agathias">Agathias</a> reproduced it half a century later and this allowed the game to be reconstructed in the 19th century. Zeno, who was red, had a stack of seven checkers, three stacks of two checkers and two <i>blots</i>, checkers that stand alone on a point and are therefore in danger of being put outside the board by an incoming opponent checker. Zeno threw the three dice with which the game was played and obtained 2, 5 and 6. As in backgammon, Zeno could not move to a space occupied by two opponent (black) pieces. The red and black checkers were so distributed on the points that the only way to use all of the three results, as required by the game rules, was to break the three stacks of two checkers into blots, thus exposing them to capture and ruining the game for Zeno. This is considered by some historians to be the first recorded <a href="/wiki/Bad_beat" title="Bad beat">bad beat</a> story in human history.<sup id="cite_ref-austin-zeno_55-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-austin-zeno-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bell_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bell-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Zeno is the protagonist of a theatrical drama in Latin, called <i>Zeno</i>, composed c. 1641 by the Jesuit playwright Joseph Simons and performed in 1643 in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> at the Jesuit <a href="/wiki/English_College,_Rome" title="English College, Rome">English College</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An anonymous Greek drama is modelled on this Latin <i>Zeno</i>, belonging to the so-called <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cretan_Theatre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cretan Theatre (page does not exist)">Cretan Theatre</a>. This version was written and performed at <a href="/wiki/Zakynthos" title="Zakynthos">Zakynthos</a> in 1682–83 and has Zeno buried alive and his brother <a href="/wiki/Longinus_(consul_486)" title="Longinus (consul 486)">Longinus</a> executed.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The play <i><a href="/wiki/Romulus_the_Great" title="Romulus the Great">Romulus the Great</a></i> (1950), by <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_D%C3%BCrrenmatt" title="Friedrich Dürrenmatt">Friedrich Dürrenmatt</a>, has Zeno as one of its characters. The plot is loosely based on history; here Zeno flees to Italy and tries to convince <a href="/wiki/Romulus_Augustulus" title="Romulus Augustulus">Romulus Augustulus</a> to unite their forces and fight together, but his plan fails. Dürrenmatt's Zeno is an Emperor oppressed by the Byzantine ceremonial. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zeno_(emperor)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Tarasis-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tarasis_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tarasis_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">The sources call him "Tarasicodissa Rousombladadiotes", and for this reason it was thought his name was Tarasicodissa. However, it has been demonstrated that this name actually means "Tarasis, son of Kodisa, [coming from] Rusumblada", and that "Tarasis" was a common name in Isauria (R.M. Harrison, "The Emperor Zeno's Real Name", <i><a href="/wiki/Byzantinische_Zeitschrift" title="Byzantinische Zeitschrift">Byzantinische Zeitschrift</a></i> 74 (1981) 27–28).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERösch1978166-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERösch1978166_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRösch1978">Rösch 1978</a>, p. 166.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mitchell_114-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mitchell_114_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mitchell_114_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Stephen Mitchell, <i>A history of the later Roman Empire, AD 284–641: the transformation of the ancient world</i>, Wiley-Blackwell, 2007, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4051-0856-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-4051-0856-8">1-4051-0856-8</a>, p. 114.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Croke_160-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Croke_160_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Croke_160_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Croke_160_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Croke 2005, pp. 160–161.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Terry G. Wilfong, <i>Women of Jeme: lives in a Coptic town in late antique Egypt</i>, University of Michigan Press, 2002, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-472-06612-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-472-06612-9">0-472-06612-9</a>, p. 35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-zenon4-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-zenon4_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-zenon4_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Martindale, "Zenon 4", p. 1198.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jordanes-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-jordanes_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jordanes, 333; Evagrius, ii.15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stephen Mitchell, <i>A history of the later Roman Empire, AD 284–641: the transformation of the ancient world</i>, Wiley-Blackwell, 2007, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4051-0857-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-4051-0857-6">1-4051-0857-6</a>, pp. 114–115.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Croke_166-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Croke_166_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Croke_166_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Croke_166_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Croke_166_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Croke 2005, pp. 166–168.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Life of Daniel the Stylite</i>, 55, cited in Croke 2005, p. 168.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The source is <a href="/wiki/Photius" class="mw-redirect" title="Photius">Photius</a>'s epitome of the first book of <a href="/wiki/Candidus_of_Isauria" class="mw-redirect" title="Candidus of Isauria">Candidus of Isauria</a>'s chronicle (Croke 2005, p. 161).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Croke_172-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Croke_172_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Croke 2005, pp. 172–173.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Croke_178-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Croke_178_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Croke 2005, pp. 178–179.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Croke_185-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Croke_185_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Croke 2005, pp. 185–186.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Croke_188-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Croke_188_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Croke 2005, pp. 188–190.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The law is contained in the <i><a href="/wiki/Justinian_Code" class="mw-redirect" title="Justinian Code">Justinian Code</a></i> (1.3.29).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Croke 2005, p. 194.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Croke 2005, p. 198.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Auctarium_Prosperi_Havniense" title="Auctarium Prosperi Havniense">Auctarium Prosperi Havniense</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/chronicaminorasa09momm/page/307/mode/1up?view=theater">474.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/John_Malalas" title="John Malalas">John Malalas</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MwEtDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA208">Book XIV, 376.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCroke2021" class="citation book cs1">Croke, Brian (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FRgoEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT159"><i>Roman Emperors in Context: Theodosius to Justinian</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. p. 159. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781000388305" title="Special:BookSources/9781000388305"><bdi>9781000388305</bdi></a>. <q>The Continuator's date for Leo I's death is definitely to be preferred to that of Malalas</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Roman+Emperors+in+Context%3A+Theodosius+to+Justinian&rft.pages=159&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=9781000388305&rft.aulast=Croke&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFRgoEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT159&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZeno+%28emperor%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The <i><a href="/wiki/Auctarium_Prosperi_Havniense" title="Auctarium Prosperi Havniense">Auctarium Prosperi Havniense</a></i> dates Leo's death and Zeno's coronation on 18 January and 29 January respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/John_Malalas" title="John Malalas">John Malalas</a> gives February 3 and February 9.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first source is generally considered the most reliable. However, and contradictorily, most authorities use Malalas' 9 February.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Williams181-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Williams181_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Williams181_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Williams181_23-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Williams181_23-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Williams and Friell, pp. 181–183.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Fragmenta_Historicorum_Graecorum" class="mw-redirect" title="Fragmenta Historicorum Graecorum">Fragmenta Historicorum Graecorum</a></i> <b>IV</b> – <a href="/wiki/John_of_Antioch_(historian)" title="John of Antioch (historian)"><i>Joannis Ant.</i></a>, <a href="//archive.org/details/fragmentahistori04mueluoft/page/618/mode/1up" class="extiw" title="iarchive:fragmentahistori04mueluoft/page/618/mode/1up">fragment 210.</a> "ένάτη τής <a href="/wiki/Hypatos" title="Hypatos">ύπατείας</a> ήμέρα" ["On the ninth day of his consulship"].</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/John_Malalas" title="John Malalas">John Malalas</a>, <i>Chronographia</i> XV.3–5. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJeffreysJeffreysScott2017" class="citation book cs1">Jeffreys, Elizabeth; Jeffreys, Michael; Scott, Roger, eds. (2017) [1986]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MwEtDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA210"><i>The Chronicle of John Malalas</i></a>. Byzantina Australiensia 4. Leiden [Melbourne]: Brill. pp. <span class="nowrap">209–</span>210. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F9789004344600_018">10.1163/9789004344600_018</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-34460-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-34460-0"><bdi>978-90-04-34460-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Chronicle+of+John+Malalas&rft.place=Leiden+%5BMelbourne%5D&rft.series=Byzantina+Australiensia+4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E209-%3C%2Fspan%3E210&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F9789004344600_018&rft.isbn=978-90-04-34460-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMwEtDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA210&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZeno+%28emperor%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Evagrius_Scholasticus" title="Evagrius Scholasticus">Evagrius Scholasticus</a>, <i>Historia Ecclesiastica</i> III.8 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YP9cuh3KX3wC"><i>The Ecclesiastical History of Evagrius Scholasticus</i></a>. Translated Texts for Historians 33. Translated by Whitby, Michael. Liverpool University Press. 2000. pp. 142–143 & note 31. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85323-605-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85323-605-4"><bdi>978-0-85323-605-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ecclesiastical+History+of+Evagrius+Scholasticus&rft.series=Translated+Texts+for+Historians+33&rft.pages=142-143+%26+note+31&rft.pub=Liverpool+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-85323-605-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYP9cuh3KX3wC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZeno+%28emperor%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Anonymus_Valesianus" title="Anonymus Valesianus">Anonymus Valesianus</a>, 41–44. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/excerpta_valesiana/1939/pb_LCL331.535.xml"><i>The Anonymus Valesianus, First Part: History of Theodoric I: Chapter 9: Section 44</i></a>. Loeb Classical Library 331. Translated by Henderson, Jeffrey. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. 1939. pp. <span class="nowrap">534–</span>535<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Anonymus+Valesianus%2C+First+Part%3A+History+of+Theodoric+I%3A+Chapter+9%3A+Section+44&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+MA&rft.series=Loeb+Classical+Library+331&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E534-%3C%2Fspan%3E535&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1939&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loebclassics.com%2Fview%2Fexcerpta_valesiana%2F1939%2Fpb_LCL331.535.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZeno+%28emperor%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElton1998" class="citation web cs1">Elton, Hugh (10 June 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.roman-emperors.org/basilis.htm">"Flavius Basiliscus (AD 475–476)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/De_Imperatoribus_Romanis" title="De Imperatoribus Romanis">De Imperatoribus Romanis</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060822181056/http://www.roman-emperors.org/basilis.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 22 August 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 August</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=De+Imperatoribus+Romanis&rft.atitle=Flavius+Basiliscus+%28AD+475%E2%80%93476%29&rft.date=1998-06-10&rft.aulast=Elton&rft.aufirst=Hugh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.roman-emperors.org%2Fbasilis.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZeno+%28emperor%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">There exist some <a href="/wiki/Solidus_(coin)" title="Solidus (coin)">solidi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tremissis" title="Tremissis">tremisses</a> in the name of "Zeno and Leo nob[ilissimus] caes[ar]". They have been attributed to Zeno as emperor and to Armatus' son as <i>Caesar</i>; in this case Armatus' son would have changed his name from Basiliscus, the name of the usurper, to Leo, the dynastic name of Zeno's house (Philip Grierson, Melinda Mays, <i>Catalogue of late Roman coins in the Dumbarton Oaks Collection and in the Whittemore Collection: from Arcadius and Honorius to the accession of Anastasius</i>, Dumbarton Oaks, 1992, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88402-193-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-88402-193-9">0-88402-193-9</a>, pp. 181–182).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-evagrius-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-evagrius_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Evagrius_Scholasticus" title="Evagrius Scholasticus">Evagrius Scholasticus</a>, <i>Historia Ecclesiae</i>, 3.xxiv. Evagrius reports that Basiliscus, the son of Armatus, later became bishop of <a href="/wiki/Cyzicus" title="Cyzicus">Cyzicus</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-armatios-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-armatios_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Suda" title="Suda">Suda</a></i>, s.v. "Ἁρμάτιος".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-martindale-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-martindale_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-martindale_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartindale1980" class="citation book cs1">Martindale, J.R. (1980). <i>The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire II</i>. Cambridge University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QCIaBQTCg0IC&pg=PA148">pp. 148–149</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-20159-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-20159-9"><bdi>978-0-521-20159-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Prosopography+of+the+Later+Roman+Empire+II&rft.pages=pp.+148-149&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=978-0-521-20159-9&rft.aulast=Martindale&rft.aufirst=J.R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZeno+%28emperor%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mathisen_Nepos-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mathisen_Nepos_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mathisen_Nepos_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ralph W. Mathisen, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.roman-emperors.org/nepos.htm">"Julius Nepos (19/24 June 474 – [28 August 475] – 25 April/9 May/22 June 480)"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100304030920/http://www.roman-emperors.org/nepos.htm">Archived</a> 4 March 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>De Imperatoribus Romanis</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Malchus, fragment 10, cited in Ralph W. Mathisen, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.roman-emperors.org/auggiero.htm">"Romulus Augustulus (475–476 A.D.) – Two Views"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100304031407/http://www.roman-emperors.org/auggiero.htm">Archived</a> 4 March 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>De Imperatoribus Romanis</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Williams and Friell, p. 187.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bury_Marcian-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bury_Marcian_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bury_Marcian_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">John Bagnall Bury, "X.2 The Revolts of Marcian and Illus (A.D. 479–488)", in <i>History of the Later Roman Empire</i>, Dover Books [1923], 1958. pp. 395, 397–398.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Evagrius_Scholasticus" title="Evagrius Scholasticus">Evagrius Scholasticus</a>, <i>Historia ecclesiastica</i>, 3.26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">William Smith, <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_Greek_and_Roman_Biography_and_Mythology" title="Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology">Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology</a></i>, volume 2, p. 570.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-martindale_2-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-martindale_2_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Martindale 1980, pp. 1073–1074</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Zeno had become allied in this occasion with Theoderic the Amal, whose Goths had moved to attack the Empire. It has been suggested that Constantinople was defenceless during Zeno's siege because the <i>magister militum</i> Strabo had moved to the north to counter this menace. See <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeather1998" class="citation book cs1">Heather, Peter (1998). <i>Goths</i>. Blackwell Publishing. pp. <span class="nowrap">158–</span>159. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-631-20932-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-631-20932-4"><bdi>978-0-631-20932-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Goths&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E158-%3C%2Fspan%3E159&rft.pub=Blackwell+Publishing&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-631-20932-4&rft.aulast=Heather&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZeno+%28emperor%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wolfram-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wolfram_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wolfram_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wolfram_41-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWolfram1990" class="citation book cs1">Wolfram, Herwig (1990) [1979]. <i>History of the Goths</i>. University of California Press. pp. 32, <span class="nowrap">270–</span>276. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-06983-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-06983-1"><bdi>978-0-520-06983-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Goths&rft.pages=32%2C+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E270-%3C%2Fspan%3E276&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-520-06983-1&rft.aulast=Wolfram&rft.aufirst=Herwig&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZeno+%28emperor%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stephen Mitchell, <i>A history of the later Roman Empire, AD 284–641: the transformation of the ancient world</i>, Wiley-Blackwell, 2007, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4051-0856-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-4051-0856-8">1-4051-0856-8</a>, pp. 118–119</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Evagrius Scholasticus, <i>Historia Ecclesiastica</i> III. 14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vasiliev-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-vasiliev_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alexander A. Vasiliev, <i>History of the Byzantine Empire, 324–1453</i>, Volume 1, University of Wisconsin Press, 1958, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-299-80925-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-299-80925-0">0-299-80925-0</a>, pp. 107–109.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Steven Runciman, Elizabeth Jeffreys, <i>Byzantine style, religion and civilization: in honour of Sir Steven Runciman</i>, Cambridge University Press, 2006, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-83445-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-83445-7">0-521-83445-7</a>, p. 400.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">J.B. Segal, <i>Edessa, the Blessed City</i>, Gorgias Press LLC, 2005, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-59333-059-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-59333-059-6">1-59333-059-6</a>, p. 95.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Malalas, 15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Procopius, 5.7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alan David Crown, <i>The Samaritans</i>, Mohr Siebeck, 1989, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-16-145237-2" title="Special:BookSources/3-16-145237-2">3-16-145237-2</a>, pp. 72–73.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/John_Malalas" title="John Malalas">John Malalas</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MwEtDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA219">Book XV, 391</a>. "On 9th Xanthikos of the 14th indiction."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Malalas, 391.1–4. Cited in Whitby, <i>ibidem</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Evagrius_Scholasticus" title="Evagrius Scholasticus">Evagrius Scholasticus</a>, 3.29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The passages from Kedrenos and Zonaras are quoted by Michael Whitby, <i>The ecclesiastical history of Evagrius Scholasticus</i> , Liverpool University Press, 2000, p. 164. The theme of the person buried alive, exhumed and found dead after having devoured his hands, is repeated later for other characters, such as the scholastic <a href="/wiki/Duns_Scotus" title="Duns Scotus">Duns Scotus</a> or others less known. See also Claudio Milanesi, <i>Apparent death, imperfect death. Medicine and mentalities in the 18th century</i>, Paris, Payot, 1991, p. 16–17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrierson1962" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Philip_Grierson" title="Philip Grierson">Grierson, Philip</a> (1962). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.archive.org/details/SevcenkoStudies19611992/page/n44/mode/2up">"The Tombs and Obits of the Byzantine Emperors (337–1042)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dumbarton_Oaks_Papers" title="Dumbarton Oaks Papers">Dumbarton Oaks Papers</a></i>. <b>16</b> (1): 44. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1291157">10.2307/1291157</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1291157">1291157</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/58423962">58423962</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2021</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dumbarton+Oaks+Papers&rft.atitle=The+Tombs+and+Obits+of+the+Byzantine+Emperors+%28337%E2%80%931042%29&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=44&rft.date=1962&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F58423962&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1291157%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1291157&rft.aulast=Grierson&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.archive.org%2Fdetails%2FSevcenkoStudies19611992%2Fpage%2Fn44%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZeno+%28emperor%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-austin-zeno-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-austin-zeno_55-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-austin-zeno_55-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-austin-zeno_55-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Austin, Roland G. "Zeno's Game of τάβλη", <i>The Journal of Hellenic Studies</i> 54:2, 1934. pp 202–205.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bell-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bell_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robert Charles Bell, <i>Board and table games from many civilisations</i>, Courier Dover Publications, 1979, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-486-23855-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-486-23855-5">0-486-23855-5</a>, pp. 33–35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">James A. Parente, <i>Religious drama and the humanist tradition: Christian theater in Germany and in the Netherlands, 1500–1680</i>, Brill, 1987, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-04-08094-5" title="Special:BookSources/90-04-08094-5">90-04-08094-5</a>, pp. 177–178.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Frederick W. Norris, "Henotikon", in <i>Encyclopedia of early Christianity</i>, Everett Ferguson, Michael P. McHugh, Frederick W. Norris, Taylor & Francis, 1998, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8153-3319-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-8153-3319-6">0-8153-3319-6</a>. Bruce Merry, <i>Encyclopedia of modern Greek literature</i>, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2004, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-313-30813-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-313-30813-6">0-313-30813-6</a>, p. 419.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zeno_(emperor)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primary_sources">Primary sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zeno_(emperor)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Primary sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The events of Zeno's reign are quite obscure; only one continuous account of his reign has been preserved, by <a href="/wiki/Evagrius_Scholasticus" title="Evagrius Scholasticus">Evagrius Scholasticus</a>, in his <i>Historia Ecclesiastica</i> (Chapter 3). Other sources are: </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Life_of_Daniel_the_Stylite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Life of Daniel the Stylite (page does not exist)">Life of Daniel the Stylite</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Suda" title="Suda">Suda</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cedrenus" class="mw-redirect" title="Cedrenus">Cedrenus</a>, <i>A concise history of the world</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malchus_(historian)" title="Malchus (historian)">Malchus</a>, <i>Bizantiaka</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Malalas" title="John Malalas">John Malalas</a>, <i>Chronographia</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procopius_of_Caesarea" class="mw-redirect" title="Procopius of Caesarea">Procopius of Caesarea</a>, <i>De Aedificiis</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophanes_the_Confessor" title="Theophanes the Confessor">Theophanes the Confessor</a>, <i>Chronicle</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joannes_Zonaras" title="Joannes Zonaras">Joannes Zonaras</a>, <i>Epitome Historiarum</i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Secondary_sources">Secondary sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zeno_(emperor)&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Secondary sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For a full-length biography of the emperor, see: </p> <ul><li>Peter Crawford (2019). <i>Roman Emperor Zeno. The Perils of Power Politics in Fifth-Century Constantinople</i>.</li></ul> <p>For a scholarly study of Zeno's religious policy, see: </p> <ul><li>Rafał Kosiński (2010). <i>The Emperor Zeno: Religion and Politics</i> (<i>Byzantina et slavica cracoviensia 6</i>), Cracow.</li></ul> <p>Further studies of his religious policy are: </p> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOstrogorsky1956" class="citation book cs1">Ostrogorsky, George (1956). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Bt0_AAAAYAAJ"><i>History of the Byzantine State</i></a>. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Byzantine+State&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Basil+Blackwell&rft.date=1956&rft.aulast=Ostrogorsky&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBt0_AAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZeno+%28emperor%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeyendorff1989" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Meyendorff" title="John Meyendorff">Meyendorff, John</a> (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6J_YAAAAMAAJ"><i>Imperial unity and Christian divisions: The Church 450–680 A.D.</i></a> The Church in history. Vol. 2. Crestwood, NY: St. Vladimir's Seminary Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88-141056-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88-141056-3"><bdi>978-0-88-141056-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Imperial+unity+and+Christian+divisions%3A+The+Church+450%E2%80%93680+A.D.&rft.place=Crestwood%2C+NY&rft.series=The+Church+in+history&rft.pub=St.+Vladimir%27s+Seminary+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-88-141056-3&rft.aulast=Meyendorff&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6J_YAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZeno+%28emperor%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <p>For a discussion of recent scholarship on the life of Zeno until Aspar's death, see: </p> <ul><li>Brian Croke (2005). "Dynasty and Ethnicity: Emperor Leo and the Eclipse of Aspar", <i>Chiron</i> 35, 147–203.</li></ul> <p>An account of the reign of Zeno and his successors after the fall of the Western Roman Empire, see: </p> <ul><li>Stephen Williams & J.G.P. Friell (1999). <i>The Rome that did not fall: the survival of the East in the fifth century</i>, CRC Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-203-98231-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-203-98231-2">0-203-98231-2</a>.</li></ul> <p>For Zeno's accession, see: </p> <ul><li>McEvoy, M. A. (2019). 'Leo II, Zeno, and the transfer of power from a son to his father in AD 474', in J.-W. Drijvers and N. Lenski (eds). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edipuglia.it/catalogo/the-fifth-centuryage-of-transformationproceedings-of-the-12th-biennial-shifting-frontiers-in-late-antiquity-conference/">The Fifth Century: Age of Transformation</a></i>. Edipuglia.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRösch1978" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Rösch, Gerhard (1978). <i>Onoma Basileias: Studien zum offiziellen Gebrauch der Kaisertitel in spätantiker und frühbyzantinischer Zeit</i>. Byzantina et Neograeca Vindobonensia (in German). Verlag der österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-7001-0260-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-7001-0260-1"><bdi>978-3-7001-0260-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Onoma+Basileias%3A+Studien+zum+offiziellen+Gebrauch+der+Kaisertitel+in+sp%C3%A4tantiker+und+fr%C3%BChbyzantinischer+Zeit&rft.series=Byzantina+et+Neograeca+Vindobonensia&rft.pub=Verlag+der+%C3%B6sterreichischen+Akademie+der+Wissenschaften&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=978-3-7001-0260-1&rft.aulast=R%C3%B6sch&rft.aufirst=Gerhard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZeno+%28emperor%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ACE777;">Regnal titles </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Leo_II_(emperor)" title="Leo II (emperor)">Leo II</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Byzantine_emperors" title="List of Byzantine emperors">Eastern Roman emperor</a> </b><br />474–475 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Basiliscus" title="Basiliscus">Basiliscus</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Basiliscus" title="Basiliscus">Basiliscus</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Eastern Roman emperor </b><br />476–491 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Anastasius_I_Dicorus" title="Anastasius I Dicorus">Anastasius I</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Anthemius" title="Anthemius">Anthemius Augustus</a> II</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Roman_consul" title="Roman consul">Roman consul</a> </b><br />469<br /><i>with <a href="/wiki/Marcianus_(son_of_Anthemius)" title="Marcianus (son of Anthemius)">Marcianus</a></i> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Messius_Phoebus_Severus" title="Messius Phoebus Severus">Messius Phoebus Severus</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Iordanes_(consul)" title="Iordanes (consul)">Iordanes</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Leo_II_(emperor)" title="Leo II (emperor)">Leo junior Augustus</a>,</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Roman consul </b><br />475 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Basiliscus" title="Basiliscus">Basiliscus Augustus</a> II,<br /><a href="/wiki/Armatus" title="Armatus">Armatus</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Illus" title="Illus">Illus</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Roman consul </b><br />479 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Caecina_Decius_Maximus_Basilius" title="Caecina Decius Maximus Basilius">Caecina Decius Maximus Basilius</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Roman_and_Byzantine_emperors_and_empresses_regnant423" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Roman_emperors" title="Template:Roman emperors"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Roman_emperors" title="Template talk:Roman emperors"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Roman_emperors" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Roman emperors"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Roman_and_Byzantine_emperors_and_empresses_regnant423" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_emperors" title="List of Roman emperors">Roman</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Byzantine_emperors" title="List of Byzantine emperors">Byzantine emperors</a> and empresses regnant</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Principate" title="Principate">Principate</a><br />27 BC – AD 235</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiberius" title="Tiberius">Tiberius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caligula" title="Caligula">Caligula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudius" title="Claudius">Claudius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nero" title="Nero">Nero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galba" title="Galba">Galba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otho" title="Otho">Otho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitellius" title="Vitellius">Vitellius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vespasian" title="Vespasian">Vespasian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titus" title="Titus">Titus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domitian" title="Domitian">Domitian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nerva" title="Nerva">Nerva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trajan" title="Trajan">Trajan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadrian" title="Hadrian">Hadrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoninus_Pius" title="Antoninus Pius">Antoninus Pius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Aurelius" title="Marcus Aurelius">Marcus Aurelius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Verus" title="Lucius Verus">Lucius Verus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commodus" title="Commodus">Commodus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pertinax" title="Pertinax">Pertinax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Didius_Julianus" title="Didius Julianus">Didius Julianus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Septimius_Severus" title="Septimius Severus">Septimius Severus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caracalla" title="Caracalla">Caracalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geta_(emperor)" title="Geta (emperor)">Geta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macrinus" title="Macrinus">Macrinus</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Diadumenian" title="Diadumenian">Diadumenian</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elagabalus" title="Elagabalus">Elagabalus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Severus_Alexander" title="Severus Alexander">Severus Alexander</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Crisis_of_the_Third_Century" title="Crisis of the Third Century">Crisis</a><br />235–284</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maximinus_Thrax" title="Maximinus Thrax">Maximinus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordian_I" title="Gordian I">Gordian I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordian_II" title="Gordian II">Gordian II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pupienus" title="Pupienus">Pupienus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balbinus" title="Balbinus">Balbinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordian_III" title="Gordian III">Gordian III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_the_Arab" title="Philip the Arab">Philip I</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Philip_II_(Roman_emperor)" title="Philip II (Roman emperor)">Philip II</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decius" title="Decius">Decius</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Herennius_Etruscus" title="Herennius Etruscus">Herennius Etruscus</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trebonianus_Gallus" title="Trebonianus Gallus">Trebonianus Gallus</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Hostilian" title="Hostilian">Hostilian</a></i> & <i><a href="/wiki/Volusianus" title="Volusianus">Volusianus</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aemilianus" title="Aemilianus">Aemilianus</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Silbannacus" title="Silbannacus">Silbannacus</a></u> (?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valerian_(emperor)" title="Valerian (emperor)">Valerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallienus" title="Gallienus">Gallienus</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Saloninus" title="Saloninus">Saloninus</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudius_Gothicus" title="Claudius Gothicus">Claudius II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quintillus" title="Quintillus">Quintillus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurelian" title="Aurelian">Aurelian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tacitus_(emperor)" title="Tacitus (emperor)">Tacitus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florianus" title="Florianus">Florianus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Probus_(emperor)" title="Probus (emperor)">Probus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carus" title="Carus">Carus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carinus" title="Carinus">Carinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numerian" title="Numerian">Numerian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dominate" title="Dominate">Dominate</a><br />284–641</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diocletian" title="Diocletian">Diocletian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximian" title="Maximian">Maximian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galerius" title="Galerius">Galerius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantius_Chlorus" title="Constantius Chlorus">Constantius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Severus_II" title="Severus II">Severus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Great" title="Constantine the Great">Constantine I</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Maxentius" title="Maxentius">Maxentius</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Licinius" title="Licinius">Licinius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximinus_Daza" title="Maximinus Daza">Maximinus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valerius_Valens" title="Valerius Valens">Valerius Valens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martinian_(emperor)" title="Martinian (emperor)">Martinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_II_(emperor)" title="Constantine II (emperor)">Constantine II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantius_II" title="Constantius II">Constantius II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constans" title="Constans">Constans I</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Magnentius" title="Magnentius">Magnentius</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Nepotianus" title="Nepotianus">Nepotianus</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Vetranio" title="Vetranio">Vetranio</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_(emperor)" title="Julian (emperor)">Julian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jovian_(emperor)" title="Jovian (emperor)">Jovian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valentinian_I" title="Valentinian I">Valentinian I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valens" title="Valens">Valens</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Procopius_(usurper)" title="Procopius (usurper)">Procopius</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gratian" title="Gratian">Gratian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodosius_I" title="Theodosius I">Theodosius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valentinian_II" title="Valentinian II">Valentinian II</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Magnus_Maximus" title="Magnus Maximus">Magnus Maximus</a></u> (w. <i><u><a href="/wiki/Victor_(emperor)" title="Victor (emperor)">Victor</a></u></i>)</li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Eugenius" title="Eugenius">Eugenius</a></u></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_Roman_Empire" title="Western Roman Empire">Western Empire</a><br />395–476</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Honorius" title="Honorius">Honorius</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Constantine_III_(Western_Roman_emperor)" title="Constantine III (Western Roman emperor)">Constantine III</a></u> (w. <i><u><a href="/wiki/Constans_II_(son_of_Constantine_III)" title="Constans II (son of Constantine III)">Constans II</a></u></i>)</li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Priscus_Attalus" title="Priscus Attalus">Priscus Attalus</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantius_III" title="Constantius III">Constantius III</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Joannes" title="Joannes">Joannes</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valentinian_III" title="Valentinian III">Valentinian III</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Petronius_Maximus" title="Petronius Maximus">Petronius Maximus</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Avitus" title="Avitus">Avitus</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majorian" title="Majorian">Majorian</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Libius_Severus" title="Libius Severus">Severus III</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthemius" title="Anthemius">Anthemius</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Olybrius" title="Olybrius">Olybrius</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Glycerius" title="Glycerius">Glycerius</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Nepos" title="Julius Nepos">Julius Nepos</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Romulus_Augustulus" title="Romulus Augustulus">Romulus Augustulus</a></u></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Eastern Empire</a><br />395–641</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arcadius" title="Arcadius">Arcadius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodosius_II" title="Theodosius II">Theodosius II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcian" title="Marcian">Marcian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_I_(emperor)" title="Leo I (emperor)">Leo I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_II_(emperor)" title="Leo II (emperor)">Leo II</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Zeno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basiliscus" title="Basiliscus">Basiliscus</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Marcus_(son_of_Basiliscus)" title="Marcus (son of Basiliscus)">Marcus</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anastasius_I_Dicorus" title="Anastasius I Dicorus">Anastasius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin_I" title="Justin I">Justin I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justinian_I" title="Justinian I">Justinian I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin_II" title="Justin II">Justin II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiberius_II_Constantine" title="Tiberius II Constantine">Tiberius II Constantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_(emperor)" title="Maurice (emperor)">Maurice</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Theodosius_(son_of_Maurice)" title="Theodosius (son of Maurice)">Theodosius</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phocas" title="Phocas">Phocas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraclius" title="Heraclius">Heraclius</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Eastern/<br />Byzantine Empire</a><br />641–1453</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heraclius_Constantine" title="Heraclius Constantine">Constantine III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraclonas" title="Heraclonas">Heraclonas</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/David_(son_of_Heraclius)" title="David (son of Heraclius)">Tiberius</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constans_II" title="Constans II">Constans II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_IV" title="Constantine IV">Constantine IV</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Heraclius_(son_of_Constans_II)" title="Heraclius (son of Constans II)">Heraclius</a></i> & <i><a href="/wiki/Tiberius_(son_of_Constans_II)" title="Tiberius (son of Constans II)">Tiberius</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justinian_II" title="Justinian II">Justinian II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leontius" title="Leontius">Leontius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiberius_III" title="Tiberius III">Tiberius III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justinian_II" title="Justinian II">Justinian II</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Tiberius_(son_of_Justinian_II)" title="Tiberius (son of Justinian II)">Tiberius</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippicus" title="Philippicus">Philippicus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anastasius_II_(emperor)" title="Anastasius II (emperor)">Anastasius II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodosius_III" title="Theodosius III">Theodosius III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_III_the_Isaurian" title="Leo III the Isaurian">Leo III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_V" title="Constantine V">Constantine V</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Artabasdos" title="Artabasdos">Artabasdos</a></u> (w. <i><u><a href="/wiki/Nikephoros_(son_of_Artabasdos)" title="Nikephoros (son of Artabasdos)">Nikephoros</a></u></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_IV_the_Khazar" title="Leo IV the Khazar">Leo IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_VI" title="Constantine VI">Constantine VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irene_of_Athens" title="Irene of Athens">Irene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikephoros_I" title="Nikephoros I">Nikephoros I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staurakios" title="Staurakios">Staurakios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_I_Rangabe" title="Michael I Rangabe">Michael I Rangabe</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Theophylact_(son_of_Michael_I)" title="Theophylact (son of Michael I)">Theophylact</a></i> & <i><a href="/wiki/Staurakios_(son_of_Michael_I)" class="mw-redirect" title="Staurakios (son of Michael I)">Staurakios</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_V_the_Armenian" title="Leo V the Armenian">Leo V</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Constantine_(son_of_Leo_V)" title="Constantine (son of Leo V)">Constantine</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_II" title="Michael II">Michael II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophilos_(emperor)" title="Theophilos (emperor)">Theophilos</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Constantine_(son_of_Theophilos)" title="Constantine (son of Theophilos)">Constantine</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodora_(wife_of_Theophilos)" title="Theodora (wife of Theophilos)">Theodora (II)</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Thekla_(daughter_of_Theophilos)" title="Thekla (daughter of Theophilos)">Thekla</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_III" title="Michael III">Michael III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basil_I" title="Basil I">Basil I</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Constantine_(son_of_Basil_I)" title="Constantine (son of Basil I)">Constantine</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_VI_the_Wise" title="Leo VI the Wise">Leo VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_(Byzantine_emperor)" title="Alexander (Byzantine emperor)">Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_VII" title="Constantine VII">Constantine VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanos_I_Lekapenos" title="Romanos I Lekapenos">Romanos I Lekapenos</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Lekapenos" title="Christopher Lekapenos">Christopher</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Lekapenos" title="Stephen Lekapenos">Stephen</a></i> & <i><a href="/wiki/Constantine_Lekapenos" title="Constantine Lekapenos">Constantine Lekapenos</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanos_II" title="Romanos II">Romanos II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikephoros_II_Phokas" title="Nikephoros II Phokas">Nikephoros II Phokas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_I_Tzimiskes" title="John I Tzimiskes">John I Tzimiskes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basil_II" title="Basil II">Basil II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_VIII" title="Constantine VIII">Constantine VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoe_Porphyrogenita" title="Zoe Porphyrogenita">Zoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanos_III_Argyros" title="Romanos III Argyros">Romanos III Argyros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_IV_the_Paphlagonian" title="Michael IV the Paphlagonian">Michael IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_V_Kalaphates" title="Michael V Kalaphates">Michael V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_IX_Monomachos" title="Constantine IX Monomachos">Constantine IX Monomachos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodora_Porphyrogenita" title="Theodora Porphyrogenita">Theodora (III)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_VI_Bringas" title="Michael VI Bringas">Michael VI Bringas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_I_Komnenos" title="Isaac I Komnenos">Isaac I Komnenos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_X_Doukas" title="Constantine X Doukas">Constantine X Doukas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eudokia_Makrembolitissa" title="Eudokia Makrembolitissa">Eudokia Makrembolitissa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanos_IV_Diogenes" title="Romanos IV Diogenes">Romanos IV Diogenes</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Leo_Diogenes" title="Leo Diogenes">Leo</a></i> & <i><a href="/wiki/Nikephoros_Diogenes" title="Nikephoros Diogenes">Nikephoros</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_VII_Doukas" title="Michael VII Doukas">Michael VII Doukas</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Andronikos_Doukas_(co-emperor)" title="Andronikos Doukas (co-emperor)">Andronikos</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Konstantios_Doukas" title="Konstantios Doukas">Konstantios</a></i> & <i><a href="/wiki/Constantine_Doukas_(co-emperor)" title="Constantine Doukas (co-emperor)">Constantine Doukas</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikephoros_III_Botaneiates" title="Nikephoros III Botaneiates">Nikephoros III Botaneiates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexios_I_Komnenos" title="Alexios I Komnenos">Alexios I Komnenos</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Constantine_Doukas_(co-emperor)" title="Constantine Doukas (co-emperor)">Constantine Doukas</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_II_Komnenos" title="John II Komnenos">John II Komnenos</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Alexios_Komnenos_(co-emperor)" title="Alexios Komnenos (co-emperor)">Alexios</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_I_Komnenos" title="Manuel I Komnenos">Manuel I Komnenos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexios_II_Komnenos" title="Alexios II Komnenos">Alexios II Komnenos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andronikos_I_Komnenos" title="Andronikos I Komnenos">Andronikos I Komnenos</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/John_Komnenos_(son_of_Andronikos_I)" title="John Komnenos (son of Andronikos I)">John</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_II_Angelos" title="Isaac II Angelos">Isaac II Angelos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexios_III_Angelos" title="Alexios III Angelos">Alexios III Angelos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexios_IV_Angelos" title="Alexios IV Angelos">Alexios IV Angelos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexios_V_Doukas" title="Alexios V Doukas">Alexios V Doukas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_I_Laskaris" title="Theodore I Laskaris">Theodore I Laskaris</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Laskaris_(son_of_Theodore_I)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicholas Laskaris (son of Theodore I)">Nicholas</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_III_Vatatzes" class="mw-redirect" title="John III Vatatzes">John III Vatatzes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_II_Laskaris" title="Theodore II Laskaris">Theodore II Laskaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_IV_Laskaris" title="John IV Laskaris">John IV Laskaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_VIII_Palaiologos" title="Michael VIII Palaiologos">Michael VIII Palaiologos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andronikos_II_Palaiologos" title="Andronikos II Palaiologos">Andronikos II Palaiologos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_IX_Palaiologos" title="Michael IX Palaiologos">Michael IX Palaiologos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andronikos_III_Palaiologos" title="Andronikos III Palaiologos">Andronikos III Palaiologos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_V_Palaiologos" title="John V Palaiologos">John V Palaiologos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_VI_Kantakouzenos" title="John VI Kantakouzenos">John VI Kantakouzenos</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Kantakouzenos" title="Matthew Kantakouzenos">Matthew</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andronikos_IV_Palaiologos" title="Andronikos IV Palaiologos">Andronikos IV Palaiologos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_VII_Palaiologos" title="John VII Palaiologos">John VII Palaiologos</a> (w. <i><a href="/wiki/Andronikos_V_Palaiologos" title="Andronikos V Palaiologos">Andronikos V</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_II_Palaiologos" title="Manuel II Palaiologos">Manuel II Palaiologos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_VIII_Palaiologos" title="John VIII Palaiologos">John VIII Palaiologos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_XI_Palaiologos" title="Constantine XI Palaiologos">Constantine XI Palaiologos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gallic_Empire" title="Gallic Empire">Gallic emperors</a> (260–274)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Palmyrene_monarchs" title="List of Palmyrene monarchs">Palmyrene emperors</a> (267–273)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carausian_revolt" title="Carausian revolt">Britannic emperors</a> (286–296)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Trapezuntine_emperors" title="List of Trapezuntine emperors">Trapezuntine emperors</a> (1204–1461)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Thessalonica" title="Empire of Thessalonica">Thessalonian emperors</a> (1224–1242)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_and_Byzantine_empresses" title="List of Roman and Byzantine empresses">Empresses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Augustae" title="List of Augustae">Augustae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_usurper" title="Roman usurper">Usurpers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_usurpers" title="List of Roman usurpers">Classical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Byzantine_usurpers" title="List of Byzantine usurpers">Eastern</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Italics indicates a junior co-emperor, underlining indicates an emperor variously regarded as either legitimate or a usurper</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183452#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1930" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183452#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1930" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183452#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000078206827">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/122312050">VIAF</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/906158675982327500009">2</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/232242867">3</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/451159474310727662356">4</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1859783/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PCjrx6CqktMJgFmKwtdtP6X">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/100445349">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n92096309">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16003358v">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16003358v">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810656882605606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/93486">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007296165005171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/100445349.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/100445349">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/06865815X">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zeno_(emperor)&oldid=1272347713">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zeno_(emperor)&oldid=1272347713</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:420s_births" title="Category:420s births">420s births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:491_deaths" title="Category:491 deaths">491 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:5th-century_Byzantine_emperors" title="Category:5th-century Byzantine emperors">5th-century Byzantine emperors</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:5th-century_eastern_Roman_consuls" title="Category:5th-century eastern Roman consuls">5th-century eastern Roman consuls</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Burials_at_the_Church_of_the_Holy_Apostles" title="Category:Burials at the Church of the Holy Apostles">Burials at the Church of the Holy Apostles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Deaths_from_dysentery" title="Category:Deaths from dysentery">Deaths from dysentery</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Deaths_from_epilepsy" title="Category:Deaths from epilepsy">Deaths from epilepsy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Royalty_and_nobility_with_epilepsy" title="Category:Royalty and nobility with epilepsy">Royalty and nobility with epilepsy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Isaurians" title="Category:Isaurians">Isaurians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:House_of_Leo" title="Category:House of Leo">House of Leo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Magistri_militum" title="Category:Magistri militum">Magistri militum</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Neurological_disease_deaths_in_Turkey" title="Category:Neurological disease deaths in Turkey">Neurological disease deaths in Turkey</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Premature_burials" title="Category:Premature burials">Premature burials</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_January_2021" title="Category:Use dmy dates from January 2021">Use dmy dates from January 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Latin-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Latin-language text">Articles containing Latin-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Ancient_Greek_(to_1453)-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text">Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_February_2011" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from February 2011">Articles needing additional references from February 2011</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)" title="Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)">CS1 German-language sources (de)</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 28 January 2025, at 04:56<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zeno_(emperor)&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Zeno (emperor)</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>62 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.canary-59568d54d6-n6xn4","wgBackendResponseTime":162,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.867","walltime":"1.091","ppvisitednodes":{"value":9318,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":106652,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":10591,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":16,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":4,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":117251,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 917.692 1 -total"," 29.02% 266.292 2 Template:Infobox"," 28.78% 264.146 1 Template:Infobox_royalty"," 24.12% 221.372 1 Template:Reflist"," 14.08% 129.172 4 Template:Langx"," 10.79% 99.049 10 Template:Cite_book"," 9.80% 89.942 1 Template:Roman_emperors"," 9.78% 89.728 14 Template:ISBN"," 9.72% 89.219 2 Template:Navbox"," 8.00% 73.433 39 Template:Main_other"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.491","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":16852041,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFCroke2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFElton1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGrierson1962\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHeather1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJeffreysJeffreysScott2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMartindale1980\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMeyendorff1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOstrogorsky1956\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRösch1978\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWolfram1990\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"Abbreviation\"] = 3,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Circa\"] = 4,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 10,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 1,\n [\"IPAc-en\"] = 1,\n [\"ISBN\"] = 14,\n [\"Infobox royalty\"] = 1,\n [\"Langx\"] = 4,\n [\"More citations needed section\"] = 1,\n [\"Nowrap\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Refn\"] = 1,\n [\"Roman emperors\"] = 1,\n [\"S-aft\"] = 5,\n [\"S-bef\"] = 5,\n [\"S-end\"] = 1,\n [\"S-off\"] = 1,\n [\"S-reg\"] = 1,\n [\"S-start\"] = 1,\n [\"S-ttl\"] = 5,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 1,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Smallcaps\"] = 1,\n [\"Ubl\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 2,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-65b64b4b74-zps6r","timestamp":"20250219122926","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Zeno (emperor)","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zeno_(emperor)","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q183452","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q183452","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-08-30T09:45:23Z","dateModified":"2025-01-28T04:56:35Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/2\/29\/Semissis_of_Zeno.png","headline":"Byzantine Emperor (425-491)"}</script> </body> </html>