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Jean le Baptiste — Wikipédia

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class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Jean-Baptiste">Saint Jean-Baptiste</a>)</span> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"> <script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <div class="bandeau-container metadata homonymie hatnote"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:Homonymie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Homonymie"><img alt="Page d’aide sur l’homonymie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/20px-Logo_disambig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/30px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/40px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="375"></a></span> </div> <div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p>Pour les articles homonymes, voir <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Saint Jean">Saint Jean</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Jean-Baptiste">Jean-Baptiste</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste_(homonymie)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Saint Jean-Baptiste (homonymie)">Saint Jean-Baptiste (homonymie)</a>.</p> </div> </div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> <p><b>Jean le Baptiste</b> ou <b>Jean Baptiste</b><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>N 1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, de son nom de naissance <b>Yohanan</b> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/H%C3%A9breu?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hébreu">hébreu</a>&nbsp;: <span class="lang-he" lang="he" dir="rtl">יוחנן</span>), est un personnage majeur du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christianisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christianisme">christianisme</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Proph%C3%A8te?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prophète">prophète</a> du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nouveau_Testament?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nouveau Testament">Nouveau Testament</a> et de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Islam?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Islam">islam</a>. Sur le plan <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Histoire?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Histoire">historique</a>, son existence est attestée par un passage de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Flavius_Jos%C3%A8phe?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Flavius Josèphe">Flavius Josèphe</a>. Il est un <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9dicateur?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prédicateur">prédicateur</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Juifs?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Juifs">juif</a> du temps de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/J%C3%A9sus_de_Nazareth?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jésus de Nazareth">Jésus de Nazareth</a>.</p> <table class="infobox_v2 infobox infobox--frwiki noarchive"> <tbody> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="entete defaut" style="background-color:#FFD700;color:black;">Jean le Baptiste<br><small> <i>Saint chrétien</i></small></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; line-height: 1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Leonardo_da_Vinci_-_Saint_John_the_Baptist_C2RMF_retouched.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Image illustrative de l’article Jean le Baptiste" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Leonardo_da_Vinci_-_Saint_John_the_Baptist_C2RMF_retouched.jpg/250px-Leonardo_da_Vinci_-_Saint_John_the_Baptist_C2RMF_retouched.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="324" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Leonardo_da_Vinci_-_Saint_John_the_Baptist_C2RMF_retouched.jpg/375px-Leonardo_da_Vinci_-_Saint_John_the_Baptist_C2RMF_retouched.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Leonardo_da_Vinci_-_Saint_John_the_Baptist_C2RMF_retouched.jpg/500px-Leonardo_da_Vinci_-_Saint_John_the_Baptist_C2RMF_retouched.jpg 2x" data-file-width="10446" data-file-height="13522"></a></span> <br><i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste_(L%C3%A9onard_de_Vinci)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Saint Jean-Baptiste (Léonard de Vinci)">Saint Jean Baptiste</a></i> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A9onard_de_Vinci?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Léonard de Vinci">Léonard de Vinci</a>). <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_du_Louvre?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Musée du Louvre">Musée du Louvre</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paris?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paris">Paris</a>.</td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#FFD700; color:#000000">Prophète, prédicateur et martyr</th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:40%;">Naissance</th> <td>dernières décennies <abbr class="abbr nowrap" title="avant Jésus-Christ">av. J.-C.</abbr></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:40%;">Décès</th> <td>vers 28<sup id="cite_ref-Mimouni_JA_2012_p._430_1-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Mimouni_JA_2012_p._430-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>-29<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> <abbr class="abbr nowrap" title="après Jésus-Christ">apr. J.-C.</abbr>&nbsp;<br></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:40%;">Nom de naissance</th> <td>Yohanan Ben Zekharya</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:40%;">Autres noms</th> <td>Jean l’immergeur, Yohanan l’immergeur, Yohanan haMatbil (יוחנן המטביל)</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:40%;">Vénéré à</th> <td><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Basilique_San_Silvestro_in_Capite?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Basilique San Silvestro in Capite">Basilique San Silvestro in Capite</a> de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rome?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rome">Rome</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:40%;">Vénéré par</th> <td><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christianisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christianisme">chrétiens</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Islam?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Islam">musulmans</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mand%C3%A9isme?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mandéisme">mandéens</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:40%;">Fête</th> <td><time class="nowrap" datetime="06-24" data-sort-value="06-24">24 juin</time> (naissance)<br><time class="nowrap" datetime="08-29" data-sort-value="08-29">29 août</time> (martyre)</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:40%;"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_patron?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Saint patron">Saint patron</a></th> <td><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jordanie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jordanie">Jordanie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Terre-Neuve?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Terre-Neuve">Terre-Neuve</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Florence?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Florence">Florence</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G%C3%AAnes?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gênes">Gênes</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Perpignan?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Perpignan">Perpignan</a> , <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Perth_(%C3%89cosse)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Perth (Écosse)">Perth (Écosse)</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Porto?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Porto">Porto</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Turin?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Turin">Turin</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ordre_de_Saint-Jean_de_J%C3%A9rusalem?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ordre de Saint-Jean de Jérusalem">ordre de Saint-Jean de Jérusalem</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Qu%C3%A9bec?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Québec">Québec</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ordre_souverain_militaire_et_hospitalier_de_Saint-Jean_de_J%C3%A9rusalem,_de_Rhodes_et_de_Malte?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ordre souverain militaire et hospitalier de Saint-Jean de Jérusalem, de Rhodes et de Malte">ordre souverain de Malte</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navigation-only" colspan="2" style="border-top: 2px #FFD700 solid; font-size: 80%; background:inherit; text-align: right;"><span class="plainlinks" style="float:left;"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DJean_le_Baptiste%26action%3Dedit%26section%3D0"><span class="infodoc">modifier</span></a></span>&nbsp;<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Infobox_Saint?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Consultez la documentation du modèle"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></a></span></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>L'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89vangile_selon_Jean?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Évangile selon Jean">Évangile selon Jean</a> localise l'activité du Baptiste sur les rives du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jourdain?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jourdain">Jourdain</a> et à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/B%C3%A9thanie-au-del%C3%A0-du-Jourdain?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Béthanie-au-delà-du-Jourdain">Béthanie au-delà du Jourdain</a>. Jésus aurait, semble-t-il, vécu un temps dans son entourage et y aurait recruté ses premiers <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ap%C3%B4tre?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Apôtre">apôtres</a>. Les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89vangiles_synoptiques?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Évangiles synoptiques">Évangiles synoptiques</a> synchronisent le début de l'activité de Jésus avec l'emprisonnement de Jean.</p> <p>L'audience de ce <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Proph%C3%A8te?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prophète">prophète</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Apocalyptique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Apocalyptique">apocalyptique</a> n'a cessé de croître, au point de susciter la réaction d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/H%C3%A9rode_Antipas?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hérode Antipas">Hérode Antipas</a>, qui, le voyant rassembler ses partisans, craint qu'il ne suscite une révolte. Dans les Évangiles synoptiques, le Baptiste est mis à mort parce qu'il a critiqué le mariage d'Antipas avec <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/H%C3%A9rodiade?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hérodiade">Hérodiade</a>.</p> <p>Dans le christianisme, Jean le Baptiste est le prophète qui a annoncé la venue de Jésus de Nazareth et l'a baptisé sur les bords du Jourdain, laissant certains de ses disciples se joindre à lui. Précurseur du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Messie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Messie">Messie</a>, il est présenté dans les Évangiles synoptiques comme partageant beaucoup de traits avec le prophète <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89lie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Élie">Élie</a>, ce qui n'est pas mentionné dans l'Évangile selon Jean.</p> <p>Le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catholicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Catholicisme">catholicisme</a> en a fait un <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Saint">saint</a> et lui a consacré deux fêtes&nbsp;: le <time class="nowrap" datetime="06-24" data-sort-value="06-24">24 juin</time> qui commémore sa naissance, fixée six mois avant <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/No%C3%ABl?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Noël">Noël</a> pour se conformer au récit d'enfance de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89vangile_selon_Luc?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Évangile selon Luc">Évangile selon Luc</a>, et le <time class="nowrap" datetime="08-29" data-sort-value="08-29">29 août</time> qui célèbre la mémoire de sa décapitation (sous le nom traditionnel de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D%C3%A9collation_de_Jean_Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Décollation de Jean Baptiste">décollation de Jean Baptiste</a>).</p> <p>La religion <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mand%C3%A9isme?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mandéisme">mandéenne</a> en fait son prophète principal. Il est considéré par l'islam comme un <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Proph%C3%A8tes_de_l%27islam?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prophètes de l'islam">prophète</a> descendant de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%27Imr%C4%81n?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="'Imrān">'Imrān</a>.</p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="fr" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Sommaire</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Le_personnage_historique"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Le personnage historique</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Asc%C3%A8te_et_juif_%C2%AB_observant_%C2%BB"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Ascète et juif «&nbsp;observant&nbsp;»</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Jean_le_Baptiste_et_l'ess%C3%A9nisme"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Jean le Baptiste et l'essénisme</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Jean_le_Baptiste_et_J%C3%A9sus"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Jean le Baptiste et Jésus</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Date_de_naissance_de_Jean_le_Baptiste"><span class="tocnumber">1.4</span> <span class="toctext">Date de naissance de Jean le Baptiste</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Date_de_sa_mort"><span class="tocnumber">1.5</span> <span class="toctext">Date de sa mort</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Jean_le_Baptiste_selon_la_tradition_chr%C3%A9tienne"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Jean le Baptiste selon la tradition chrétienne</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#La_naissance_de_Jean_le_Baptiste"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">La naissance de Jean le Baptiste</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Carri%C3%A8re_publique"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Carrière publique</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Jean,_nouvel_%C3%89lie"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Jean, nouvel Élie</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Conflit_avec_H%C3%A9rode_Antipas"><span class="tocnumber">2.4</span> <span class="toctext">Conflit avec Hérode Antipas</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Post%C3%A9rit%C3%A9"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Postérité</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Apr%C3%A8s_la_mort_de_Jean"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Après la mort de Jean</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Ann%C3%A9es_50-90"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Années 50-90</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Les_mand%C3%A9ens"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Les mandéens</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Baptisme_et_bapt%C3%AAme_de_Jean"><span class="tocnumber">3.4</span> <span class="toctext">Baptisme et baptême de Jean</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Culte"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Culte</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#F%C3%AAtes_de_saint_Jean_Baptiste"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Fêtes de saint Jean Baptiste</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Saint_patron"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Saint patron</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Reliques"><span class="tocnumber">4.3</span> <span class="toctext">Reliques</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Le_tombeau_de_Sebaste_(Samarie)"><span class="tocnumber">4.4</span> <span class="toctext">Le tombeau de Sebaste (Samarie)</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#La_grotte_de_Jean_Baptiste"><span class="tocnumber">4.5</span> <span class="toctext">La grotte de Jean Baptiste</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-23"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#La_t%C3%AAte_de_Jean_Baptiste"><span class="tocnumber">4.6</span> <span class="toctext">La tête de Jean Baptiste</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-24"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Italie"><span class="tocnumber">4.6.1</span> <span class="toctext">Italie</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-25"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#France"><span class="tocnumber">4.6.2</span> <span class="toctext">France</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-26"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Syrie"><span class="tocnumber">4.6.3</span> <span class="toctext">Syrie</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-27"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Les_doigts_de_Jean_Baptiste"><span class="tocnumber">4.7</span> <span class="toctext">Les doigts de Jean Baptiste</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-28"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Principales_%C3%A9glises"><span class="tocnumber">4.8</span> <span class="toctext">Principales églises</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-29"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Jean_le_Baptiste_dans_l'islam"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Jean le Baptiste dans l'islam</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-30"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Jean_le_Baptiste_dans_les_arts"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Jean le Baptiste dans les arts</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-31"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#En_musique"><span class="tocnumber">6.1</span> <span class="toctext">En musique</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-32"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#En_peinture"><span class="tocnumber">6.2</span> <span class="toctext">En peinture</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-33"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#En_sculpture"><span class="tocnumber">6.3</span> <span class="toctext">En sculpture</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-34"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Cath%C3%A9drale_d'Amiens"><span class="tocnumber">6.4</span> <span class="toctext">Cathédrale d'Amiens</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-35"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Notes_et_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rences"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Notes et références</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-36"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">7.1</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-37"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Sources_antiques"><span class="tocnumber">7.2</span> <span class="toctext">Sources antiques</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-38"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#R%C3%A9f%C3%A9rences"><span class="tocnumber">7.3</span> <span class="toctext">Références</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-39"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Voir_aussi"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Voir aussi</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-40"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Bibliographie"><span class="tocnumber">8.1</span> <span class="toctext">Bibliographie</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-41"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Historiens"><span class="tocnumber">8.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Historiens</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-42"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Essais"><span class="tocnumber">8.1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Essais</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-43"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Articles_connexes"><span class="tocnumber">8.2</span> <span class="toctext">Articles connexes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-44"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Liens_externes"><span class="tocnumber">8.3</span> <span class="toctext">Liens externes</span></a></li> </ul></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Le_personnage_historique">Le personnage historique</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Jean_le_Baptiste&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Le personnage historique" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Hans_Memling_025.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Hans_Memling_025.jpg/220px-Hans_Memling_025.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="295" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2024" data-file-height="2715"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 295px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Hans_Memling_025.jpg/220px-Hans_Memling_025.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="295" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Hans_Memling_025.jpg/330px-Hans_Memling_025.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Hans_Memling_025.jpg/440px-Hans_Memling_025.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> <i>Saint Jean Baptiste</i>, par <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hans_Memling?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hans Memling">Hans Memling</a> (1470). </figcaption> </figure> <p><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Trocm%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Étienne Trocmé">Étienne Trocmé</a> relève que <span class="citation">«&nbsp;Jean Baptiste ne nous est connu que par des documents très incomplets&nbsp;: un passage des <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Antiquit%C3%A9s_juda%C3%AFques?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Antiquités judaïques">Antiquités juives</a></i> de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Flavius_Jos%C3%A8phe?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Flavius Josèphe">Flavius Josèphe</a>, ouvrage achevé vers 93-94 de l'ère chrétienne&nbsp;; plusieurs passages du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nouveau_Testament?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nouveau Testament">Nouveau Testament</a><sup id="cite_ref-Trocmé_25_6-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Trocm%C3%A9_25-6"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.&nbsp;»</span> Ces récits relatifs à Jean le Baptiste <span class="citation">«&nbsp;suffisent à attester l'existence et l'importance du personnage, même s'ils laissent subsister d'immenses zones d'ombre, que des textes plus tardifs n'éclairent nullement&nbsp;»</span><sup id="cite_ref-Trocmé_26_7-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Trocm%C3%A9_26-7"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>6<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Blancheti%C3%A8re?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="François Blanchetière">François Blanchetière</a> note que, chez <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Flavius_Jos%C3%A8phe?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Flavius Josèphe">Flavius Josèphe</a>, le personnage de Jean est plutôt banalisé tout en cadrant avec ce que nous savons des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mouvements_baptistes_antiques?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mouvements baptistes antiques">mouvements baptistes de l'époque</a><sup id="cite_ref-Blanchetière_216_8-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Blancheti%C3%A8re_216-8"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>7<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Il apparaît respecté de ses contemporains<sup id="cite_ref-Blanchetière_216_8-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Blancheti%C3%A8re_216-8"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>7<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> et ayant une grande influence sur les foules au point qu'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/H%C3%A9rode_Antipas?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hérode Antipas">Hérode Antipas</a> le fasse arrêter de peur qu'il ne suscite une rébellion. La déroute d'Antipas face à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ar%C3%A9tas_IV?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arétas IV">Arétas IV</a> est d'ailleurs considérée au sein de la population juive comme une vengeance divine contre Antipas pour le punir d'avoir mis Jean à mort<sup id="cite_ref-Schwentzel_2011,_p.217_9-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Schwentzel_2011,_p.217-9"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>8<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Ascète_et_juif_«_observant_»"><span id="Asc.C3.A8te_et_juif_.C2.AB_observant_.C2.BB"></span>Ascète et juif «&nbsp;observant&nbsp;»</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Jean_le_Baptiste&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Ascète et juif «&nbsp;observant&nbsp;»" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>D'après l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89vangile_selon_Luc?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Évangile selon Luc">Évangile selon Luc</a>, Jean est le fils de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zacharie_(p%C3%A8re_de_Jean_le_Baptiste)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zacharie (père de Jean le Baptiste)">Zacharie</a>, un prêtre qui assure des fonctions au <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Temple_de_J%C3%A9rusalem?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Temple de Jérusalem">Temple de Jérusalem</a>. Il appartient donc à une famille <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sacerdoce?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sacerdoce">sacerdotale</a><sup id="cite_ref-Blanchetière_213_10-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Blancheti%C3%A8re_213-10"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>9<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. <span class="citation">«&nbsp;Jean est un <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cohen_(juda%C3%AFsme)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cohen (judaïsme)">cohen</a></i>-prêtre rural qui pourtant prône un pardon des péchés par le baptême et non par les rites du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Temple_de_J%C3%A9rusalem?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Temple de Jérusalem">Temple</a>. C'est surtout un solitaire à l'ascèse proverbiale (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89vangile_selon_Matthieu?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Évangile selon Matthieu">Mt</a> 11, 18) non sans parallèle à l'époque<sup id="cite_ref-Blanchetière_216-217_11-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Blancheti%C3%A8re_216-217-11"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>10<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.&nbsp;»</span> Ses traits et ses mœurs rappellent d'assez près ceux de Bannos, dont Flavius Josèphe s'était fait l'émule dans sa jeunesse<sup id="cite_ref-APaul_MvmtBaptistes_2005_12-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-APaul_MvmtBaptistes_2005-12"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>11<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Jean_le_Baptiste_et_l'essénisme"><span id="Jean_le_Baptiste_et_l.27ess.C3.A9nisme"></span>Jean le Baptiste et l'essénisme</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Jean_le_Baptiste&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Jean le Baptiste et l'essénisme" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Même si <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Otto_Betz&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Otto Betz (page inexistante)">Otto Betz</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Betz" class="extiw" title="de:Otto Betz"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en allemand&nbsp;: «&nbsp;Otto Betz&nbsp;»">(de)</span></a> a examiné la possibilité que Jean le Baptiste ait vécu à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Qumr%C3%A2n?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Qumrân">Qumrân</a><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-13"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>12<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, les pratiques de Jean et celles des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ess%C3%A9niens?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Esséniens">esséniens</a> n'ont que peu de rapports. Entre l'immersion effectuée par Jean dans les eaux du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jourdain?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jourdain">Jourdain</a> et les rites des esséniens tels que les définissent les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manuscrits_de_la_mer_Morte?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Manuscrits de la mer Morte">manuscrits de la mer Morte</a>, les différences se révèlent fondamentales&nbsp;: «&nbsp;l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Id%C3%A9ologie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Idéologie">idéologie</a> du Jourdain n'occupe aucune place dans les écrits de Qumrân&nbsp;»<sup id="cite_ref-EP173_14-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-EP173-14"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>13<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Ces deux mouvements demeurent bien distincts. Entre autres, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89mile_Puech?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Émile Puech">Émile Puech</a> relève que les rites de purification chez les esséniens «&nbsp;n'ont rien de commun avec le baptême d'eau pratiqué par Jean devant l'imminence du Jugement divin et la venue du règne messianique&nbsp;», rites esséniens qui comportent une «&nbsp;confession des péchés de type collectif […], contrairement au pardon des péchés lié au baptême personnel administré par Jean&nbsp;»<sup id="cite_ref-EP173_14-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-EP173-14"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>13<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. En accord avec Puech, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Blancheti%C3%A8re?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="François Blanchetière">François Blanchetière</a> écrit que Jean «&nbsp;n'a sans doute pas eu de contacts personnels directs avec l'essénisme&nbsp;»<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-15"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>14<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Jean_le_Baptiste_et_Jésus"><span id="Jean_le_Baptiste_et_J.C3.A9sus"></span>Jean le Baptiste et Jésus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Jean_le_Baptiste&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Jean le Baptiste et Jésus" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Louis_Jean_Fran%C3%A7ois_Lagren%C3%A9e_(circle)_Elisabeth_und_Johannes_mit_Zacharias.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Louis_Jean_Fran%C3%A7ois_Lagren%C3%A9e_%28circle%29_Elisabeth_und_Johannes_mit_Zacharias.jpg/220px-Louis_Jean_Fran%C3%A7ois_Lagren%C3%A9e_%28circle%29_Elisabeth_und_Johannes_mit_Zacharias.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2090" data-file-height="1685"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 177px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Louis_Jean_Fran%C3%A7ois_Lagren%C3%A9e_%28circle%29_Elisabeth_und_Johannes_mit_Zacharias.jpg/220px-Louis_Jean_Fran%C3%A7ois_Lagren%C3%A9e_%28circle%29_Elisabeth_und_Johannes_mit_Zacharias.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="177" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Louis_Jean_Fran%C3%A7ois_Lagren%C3%A9e_%28circle%29_Elisabeth_und_Johannes_mit_Zacharias.jpg/330px-Louis_Jean_Fran%C3%A7ois_Lagren%C3%A9e_%28circle%29_Elisabeth_und_Johannes_mit_Zacharias.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Louis_Jean_Fran%C3%A7ois_Lagren%C3%A9e_%28circle%29_Elisabeth_und_Johannes_mit_Zacharias.jpg/440px-Louis_Jean_Fran%C3%A7ois_Lagren%C3%A9e_%28circle%29_Elisabeth_und_Johannes_mit_Zacharias.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> <i>Élisabeth, Jean et Zacharie</i>, entourage de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Louis_Jean_Fran%C3%A7ois_Lagren%C3%A9e?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Louis Jean François Lagrenée">Lagrenée</a>, v. 1805. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Selon <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Blancheti%C3%A8re?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="François Blanchetière">François Blanchetière</a>, <span class="citation">«&nbsp;les premiers disciples de Jésus semblent issus de l'entourage de Jean Baptiste&nbsp;: <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_(ap%C3%B4tre)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="André (apôtre)">André</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pierre_(ap%C3%B4tre)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pierre (apôtre)">Simon-Pierre</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Philippe_(ap%C3%B4tre)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Philippe (apôtre)">Philippe</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nathana%C3%ABl?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nathanaël">Nathanaël</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.biblegateway.com/bible?language%3Dfr%26version%3D2;32%26passage%3DJOHN%25201%253A35-51">Jn&nbsp;1.&nbsp;35-51</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-F_Blanchetière_page217_16-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-F_Blancheti%C3%A8re_page217-16"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>15<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.&nbsp;»</span></p> <p>Dans les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89vangile?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Évangile">évangiles</a>, Jean reconnaît Jésus, son disciple, comme plus grand que lui, mais selon le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Th%C3%A9ologie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Théologie">théologien</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Trocm%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Étienne Trocmé">Étienne Trocmé</a>, <span class="citation">«&nbsp;les épisodes rapportés par les évangélistes pour montrer le Baptiste faisant allégeance à Jésus (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.biblegateway.com/bible?language%3Dfr%26version%3D2;32%26passage%3DMATT%25203%253A14">Mt&nbsp;3.&nbsp;14</a>&nbsp;; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.biblegateway.com/bible?language%3Dfr%26version%3D2;32%26passage%3DLUKE%25203%253A16">Lc&nbsp;3.&nbsp;16</a>) ont un caractère légendaire.&nbsp;»</span> En effet, <span class="citation">«&nbsp;la figure dont Jean Baptiste annonçait la venue prochaine était Dieu lui-même et non un Messie plus ou moins humain&nbsp;»</span>. De plus, si l'on en croit l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89vangile_selon_Matthieu?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Évangile selon Matthieu">Évangile selon Matthieu</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.biblegateway.com/bible?language%3Dfr%26version%3D2;32%26passage%3DMATT%252011%253A2-19">Mt&nbsp;11.&nbsp;2-19</a>), de sa prison, Jean aurait envoyé quelques-uns de ses disciples pour <span class="citation">«&nbsp;savoir à quoi s'en tenir sur le sens d'une prédication et d'un comportement [ceux de Jésus] qu'il trouvait sympathiques mais déroutants&nbsp;»</span>&nbsp;; la réponse de Jésus a-t-elle convaincu Jean Baptiste que son ancien disciple jouait un rôle messianique&nbsp;? <span class="citation">«&nbsp;On peut en douter, écrit Étienne Trocmé, vu le silence des évangiles sur l'accueil fait par Jean à la réponse de Jésus&nbsp;»</span><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-17"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>16<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Master_of_the_St._John%27s_Altarpiece_002.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Master_of_the_St._John%27s_Altarpiece_002.jpg/220px-Master_of_the_St._John%27s_Altarpiece_002.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="301" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="877" data-file-height="1200"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 301px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Master_of_the_St._John%27s_Altarpiece_002.jpg/220px-Master_of_the_St._John%27s_Altarpiece_002.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="301" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Master_of_the_St._John%27s_Altarpiece_002.jpg/330px-Master_of_the_St._John%27s_Altarpiece_002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Master_of_the_St._John%27s_Altarpiece_002.jpg/440px-Master_of_the_St._John%27s_Altarpiece_002.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> <i>La Fuite d'Élisabeth avec son fils le Baptiste</i>, par le Maître de l'autel de Saint-Jean (v. 1500), <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_Boijmans_Van_Beuningen?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Musée Boijmans Van Beuningen">musée Boijmans Van Beuningen</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rotterdam?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rotterdam">Rotterdam</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <p>De même, pour <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pierre_Geoltrain?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pierre Geoltrain">Pierre Geoltrain</a>, la <span class="citation">«&nbsp;déclaration d'allégeance&nbsp;»</span> de Jean produite dans les évangiles constitue un <span class="citation">«&nbsp;trait légendaire car Jean Baptiste annonçait la venue de Dieu et non d'un prophète&nbsp;»</span>, et donc un <span class="citation">«&nbsp;trait révélateur. En effet, au dire du quatrième évangile, Jésus recrute ses deux premiers disciples, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_(ap%C3%B4tre)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="André (apôtre)">André</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pierre_(ap%C3%B4tre)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pierre (apôtre)">Pierre</a>, dans le cercle des disciples du Baptiste, puis, après un court séjour en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Galil%C3%A9e_(r%C3%A9gion)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Galilée (région)">Galilée</a>, revient en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jud%C3%A9e_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Judée (province romaine)">Judée</a> où il baptise (ou laisse ses disciples baptiser) indépendamment de Jean et rallie plus d'adeptes que lui, ce qui manifestement inquiète les disciples du Baptiste. Il y eut, de manière certaine, une rivalité entre les deux groupes&nbsp;»</span><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-18"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>17<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Les spécialistes discutent pour déterminer dans quels lieux les deux hommes se rencontraient. L'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89vangile_selon_Jean?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Évangile selon Jean">Évangile selon Jean</a> localise l'activité de Jean le Baptiste sur les rives du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jourdain?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jourdain">Jourdain</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.biblegateway.com/bible?language%3Dfr%26version%3D2;32%26passage%3DJOHN%252010%253A40">Jn&nbsp;10.&nbsp;40</a>) ou à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/B%C3%A9thanie-au-del%C3%A0-du-Jourdain?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Béthanie-au-delà-du-Jourdain">Béthanie au-delà du Jourdain</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.biblegateway.com/bible?language%3Dfr%26version%3D2;32%26passage%3DJOHN%25201%253A28">Jn&nbsp;1.&nbsp;28</a>&nbsp;; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.biblegateway.com/bible?language%3Dfr%26version%3D2;32%26passage%3DJOHN%25203%253A26">Jn&nbsp;3.&nbsp;26</a>). Le lieu appelé <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/A%C3%AFnon?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aïnon">Aenon</a> <span class="citation">«&nbsp;près de Salim où les eaux sont abondantes&nbsp;»</span> est identifié au lieu-dit «&nbsp;Uyum&nbsp;» à Ain Fa'rah<sup id="cite_ref-F_Blanchetière_page217_16-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-F_Blancheti%C3%A8re_page217-16"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>15<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-19"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>18<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. L'autre, <span class="citation">«&nbsp;Béthanie au-delà du Jourdain, où Jean baptisait (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.biblegateway.com/bible?language%3Dfr%26version%3D2;32%26passage%3DJOHN%25201%253A28">Jn&nbsp;1.&nbsp;28</a>)&nbsp;»</span> et où l'on situe la première rencontre entre Jésus et Jean, est localisée en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/P%C3%A9r%C3%A9e_(Palestine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pérée (Palestine)">Pérée</a> au-delà du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jourdain?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jourdain">Jourdain</a> par la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tradition_(christianisme)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tradition (christianisme)">tradition chrétienne</a><sup id="cite_ref-F_Blanchetière_page217_16-2" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-F_Blancheti%C3%A8re_page217-16"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>15<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Toutefois, selon les travaux de Murphy O'Connor repris par <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Blancheti%C3%A8re?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="François Blanchetière">François Blanchetière</a>, cette localisation —&nbsp;à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Al-Maghtas?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Al-Maghtas">Al-Maghtas</a>&nbsp;— se révèle impossible à soutenir<sup id="cite_ref-F_Blanchetière_page217_16-3" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-F_Blancheti%C3%A8re_page217-16"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>15<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Date_de_naissance_de_Jean_le_Baptiste">Date de naissance de Jean le Baptiste</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Jean_le_Baptiste&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Date de naissance de Jean le Baptiste" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Si la mort de Jean le Baptiste est située par le consensus historien vers 28-29<sup id="cite_ref-Schwentzel_223_20-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Schwentzel_223-20"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>19<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, on ne sait rien en revanche sur la date de sa naissance et encore moins sur ses circonstances. Un seul texte traite de la naissance de Jean le Baptiste&nbsp;: les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89vangiles_de_l%27enfance?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Évangiles de l'enfance">récits de l'enfance de Jésus</a> que l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89vangile_selon_Luc?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Évangile selon Luc">Évangile selon Luc</a> a ajoutés vers l'année 85 à la trame de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89vangile_selon_Marc?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Évangile selon Marc">Évangile selon Marc</a><sup id="cite_ref-Grabbe1992_p376_21-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Grabbe1992_p376-21"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>20<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Jean serait né seulement six mois avant Jésus (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.biblegateway.com/bible?language%3Dfr%26version%3D2;32%26passage%3DLUKE%25201%253A26">Lc&nbsp;1.&nbsp;26</a>), qui lui-même serait né au temps du «&nbsp;premier&nbsp;» recensement, alors que <span class="citation">«&nbsp;<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Publius_Sulpicius_Quirinius?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Publius Sulpicius Quirinius">Quirinius</a> était gouverneur de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Syrie_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Syrie (province romaine)">Syrie</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.biblegateway.com/bible?language%3Dfr%26version%3D2;32%26passage%3DLUKE%25202%253A1-2">Lc&nbsp;2.&nbsp;1-2</a>)&nbsp;»</span><sup id="cite_ref-Picard_p800_22-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Picard_p800-22"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>21<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Un <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Publius_Sulpicius_Quirinius?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Sa_mission_en_Syrie_et_le_recensement_en_Jud%C3%A9e" title="Publius Sulpicius Quirinius">recensement</a> a eu lieu en <span class="nowrap">6 <abbr class="abbr nowrap" title="après Jésus-Christ">apr. J.-C.</abbr></span><sup id="cite_ref-Picard_p800_22-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Picard_p800-22"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>21<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Toutefois, le même évangile place la naissance de Jean Baptiste <span class="citation">«&nbsp;aux jours d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/H%C3%A9rode_Ier_le_Grand?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hérode Ier le Grand">Hérode</a>, roi de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jud%C3%A9e_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Judée (province romaine)">Judée</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.biblegateway.com/bible?language%3Dfr%26version%3D2;32%26passage%3DLUKE%25201%253A5">Lc&nbsp;1.&nbsp;5</a>)&nbsp;»</span> qui est mort en <time class="nowrap" datetime="U-0003" data-sort-value="U-0003">4 <abbr class="abbr" title="avant Jésus-Christ">av. J.-C.</abbr></time><sup id="cite_ref-Picard_p799_23-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Picard_p799-23"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>22<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. De plus, la version <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Slavonie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Slavonie">slavonne</a> de la <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guerre_des_Juifs?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guerre des Juifs">Guerre des Juifs</a></i> évoque une rencontre entre le Baptiste et l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ethnarque?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ethnarque">ethnarque</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/H%C3%A9rode_Arch%C3%A9laos?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hérode Archélaos">Hérode Archélaos</a> qui est destitué et exilé en <span class="nowrap">6 <abbr class="abbr nowrap" title="après Jésus-Christ">apr. J.-C.</abbr></span><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-24"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>23<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-25"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>N 2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, ce qui voudrait dire que Jean était déjà un adulte au moment où Jésus est né. Pour un ensemble de raisons, des historiens comme <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gilbert_Charles-Picard?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gilbert Charles-Picard">Gilbert Picard</a> ou <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Nodet?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Étienne Nodet">Étienne Nodet</a> estiment que Jean appartenait à la génération qui a précédé Jésus<sup id="cite_ref-Picard_p799_23-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Picard_p799-23"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>22<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-26"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>24<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, mais la plupart des critiques préfèrent dire que l'on ne sait rien de précis à ce sujet.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Date_de_sa_mort">Date de sa mort</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Jean_le_Baptiste&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Date de sa mort" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe"> Articles détaillés&nbsp;: <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Date_de_la_mort_de_Jean_Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Date de la mort de Jean Baptiste">Date de la mort de Jean Baptiste</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D%C3%A9collation_de_Jean_Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Décollation de Jean Baptiste">Décollation de Jean Baptiste</a>. </div> </div> <p>Selon la majorité des historiens et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ex%C3%A9g%C3%A8se?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Exégèse">exégètes</a>, la mort de Jean Baptiste est à situer vers 28/29<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-27"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>25<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, ou, à l'instar de la formulation d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Paul?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="André Paul">André Paul</a>, «&nbsp;vers la fin des années 20&nbsp;»<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-28"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>26<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, avant l'arrestation et la crucifixion de Jésus<sup id="cite_ref-Schwentzel2011223-224_29-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Schwentzel2011223-224-29"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>27<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> qui aurait eu lieu vers 30 ou 33. Quelques chercheurs optent pour une date un peu plus tardive — vers 32 — dans une chronologie qui fixe en 33 la mort de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/J%C3%A9sus_de_Nazareth?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jésus de Nazareth">Jésus de Nazareth</a><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-30"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>28<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, également admise par une partie non négligeable de la recherche<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-31"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>29<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Jean_le_Baptiste_selon_la_tradition_chrétienne"><span id="Jean_le_Baptiste_selon_la_tradition_chr.C3.A9tienne"></span>Jean le Baptiste selon la tradition chrétienne</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Jean_le_Baptiste&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Jean le Baptiste selon la tradition chrétienne" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="La_naissance_de_Jean_le_Baptiste">La naissance de Jean le Baptiste</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Jean_le_Baptiste&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : La naissance de Jean le Baptiste" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:FN_Ailingen_Pfarrkirche_Choraltar_Fl%C3%BCgel_links_2.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/FN_Ailingen_Pfarrkirche_Choraltar_Fl%C3%BCgel_links_2.jpg/200px-FN_Ailingen_Pfarrkirche_Choraltar_Fl%C3%BCgel_links_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="205" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2293" data-file-height="2356"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 205px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/FN_Ailingen_Pfarrkirche_Choraltar_Fl%C3%BCgel_links_2.jpg/200px-FN_Ailingen_Pfarrkirche_Choraltar_Fl%C3%BCgel_links_2.jpg" data-width="200" data-height="205" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/FN_Ailingen_Pfarrkirche_Choraltar_Fl%C3%BCgel_links_2.jpg/300px-FN_Ailingen_Pfarrkirche_Choraltar_Fl%C3%BCgel_links_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/FN_Ailingen_Pfarrkirche_Choraltar_Fl%C3%BCgel_links_2.jpg/400px-FN_Ailingen_Pfarrkirche_Choraltar_Fl%C3%BCgel_links_2.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> <i>L'Annonciation à Zacharie</i>, par <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Anselm_Sickinger&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Anselm Sickinger (page inexistante)">Anselm Sickinger</a> (1862), maître-autel de l'église Saint-Jean-Baptiste, Ailingen (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Friedrichshafen?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Friedrichshafen">Friedrichshafen</a>). </figcaption> </figure> <p>Selon Blanchetière, dans l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89vangile_selon_Luc?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Évangile selon Luc">Évangile selon Luc</a>, <span class="citation">«&nbsp;l'histoire de Jean Baptiste est un <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Midrash?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Midrash">midrash</a></i> bâti sur les récits bibliques de la naissance d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Isaac?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Isaac">Isaac</a> et surtout de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Samuel?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Samuel">Samuel</a>, le précurseur de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/David_(roi_d%27Isra%C3%ABl)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="David (roi d'Israël)">David</a>, type du roi <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Messie_dans_le_juda%C3%AFsme?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Messie dans le judaïsme">messianique</a>&nbsp;»</span><sup id="cite_ref-Blanchetière_315_32-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Blancheti%C3%A8re_315-32"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>30<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Cet évangile est le seul à évoquer la naissance de Jean le Baptiste et son annonce à Zacharie par l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gabriel_(archange)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gabriel (archange)">archange Gabriel</a><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-33"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>31<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>&nbsp;:</p> <blockquote> <p>«&nbsp;Mais l'ange lui dit&nbsp;: «&nbsp;Ne crains point, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zacharie_(p%C3%A8re_de_Jean_le_Baptiste)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zacharie (père de Jean le Baptiste)">Zacharie</a>, car ta prière a été exaucée. Ta femme <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_(m%C3%A8re_de_Jean_le_Baptiste)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Élisabeth (mère de Jean le Baptiste)">Élisabeth</a> t'enfantera un fils, et tu lui donneras le nom de Jean. Il sera pour toi un sujet de joie et d’allégresse, et plusieurs se réjouiront de sa naissance. Car il sera grand devant le Seigneur. Il ne boira ni vin ni liqueur enivrante, et il sera rempli de l'Esprit saint dès le sein de sa mère&nbsp;; il ramènera plusieurs des fils d'Israël au Seigneur, leur Dieu&nbsp;; il marchera devant Dieu avec l'esprit et la puissance d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89lie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Élie">Élie</a>, pour ramener les cœurs des pères vers les enfants, et les rebelles à la sagesse des justes, afin de préparer au Seigneur un peuple bien disposé.&nbsp;» […] Le huitième jour, ils vinrent pour circoncire l'enfant, et ils l'appelaient Zacharie, du nom de son père. Mais sa mère prit la parole, et dit&nbsp;: "Non, il sera appelé Jean". […] Zacharie demanda des tablettes, et il écrivit&nbsp;: "Jean est son nom."&nbsp;»</p> </blockquote> <p style="margin:-0.7em 0 0.3em 6em">—&nbsp;Évangile selon Luc<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-34"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>v 1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Il est le fils du prêtre <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zacharie_(p%C3%A8re_de_Jean_le_Baptiste)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zacharie (père de Jean le Baptiste)">Zacharie</a> et d’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_(m%C3%A8re_de_Jean_le_Baptiste)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Élisabeth (mère de Jean le Baptiste)">Élisabeth</a>, que le verset <i>Luc</i> 1, 36 qualifie de «&nbsp;parente&nbsp;», de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marie_(m%C3%A8re_de_J%C3%A9sus)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marie (mère de Jésus)">Marie</a>, la mère de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/J%C3%A9sus_de_Nazareth?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jésus de Nazareth">Jésus</a><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-35"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>v 2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, alors que la tradition musulmane indique qu’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_(m%C3%A8re_de_Jean_le_Baptiste)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Élisabeth (mère de Jean le Baptiste)">Élisabeth</a> est la tante maternelle de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marie_(m%C3%A8re_de_J%C3%A9sus)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marie (mère de Jésus)">Marie</a>. Comme celle de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/J%C3%A9sus_de_Nazareth?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jésus de Nazareth">Jésus</a>, la naissance de Jean est annoncée à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zacharie_(p%C3%A8re_de_Jean_le_Baptiste)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zacharie (père de Jean le Baptiste)">Zacharie</a> par l’archange <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gabriel_(archange)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gabriel (archange)">Gabriel</a>, qui lui dit que son fils à naître, Jean, sera rempli de l’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint-Esprit?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Saint-Esprit">Esprit saint</a> et aura la puissance d’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89lie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Élie">Élie</a>. Une tradition qui fait de Marie la cousine d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_(m%C3%A8re_de_Jean_le_Baptiste)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Élisabeth (mère de Jean le Baptiste)">Élisabeth</a>, mère de Jean le Baptiste, fixe aussi le lieu de naissance de ce dernier à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sepphoris?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sepphoris">Sepphoris</a><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-36"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>32<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <div class="clear" style="clear:left;"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Carrière_publique"><span id="Carri.C3.A8re_publique"></span>Carrière publique</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Jean_le_Baptiste&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Carrière publique" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:San_Giacomo_dall%27Orio_(Venice)_-_La_predicazione_del_Battista_(1570)_-_Francesco_Bassano.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/San_Giacomo_dall%27Orio_%28Venice%29_-_La_predicazione_del_Battista_%281570%29_-_Francesco_Bassano.jpg/440px-San_Giacomo_dall%27Orio_%28Venice%29_-_La_predicazione_del_Battista_%281570%29_-_Francesco_Bassano.jpg" decoding="async" width="440" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3886" data-file-height="1328"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 440px;height: 150px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/San_Giacomo_dall%27Orio_%28Venice%29_-_La_predicazione_del_Battista_%281570%29_-_Francesco_Bassano.jpg/440px-San_Giacomo_dall%27Orio_%28Venice%29_-_La_predicazione_del_Battista_%281570%29_-_Francesco_Bassano.jpg" data-width="440" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/San_Giacomo_dall%27Orio_%28Venice%29_-_La_predicazione_del_Battista_%281570%29_-_Francesco_Bassano.jpg/660px-San_Giacomo_dall%27Orio_%28Venice%29_-_La_predicazione_del_Battista_%281570%29_-_Francesco_Bassano.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/San_Giacomo_dall%27Orio_%28Venice%29_-_La_predicazione_del_Battista_%281570%29_-_Francesco_Bassano.jpg/880px-San_Giacomo_dall%27Orio_%28Venice%29_-_La_predicazione_del_Battista_%281570%29_-_Francesco_Bassano.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> <i>La Prédication du Baptiste</i>, par <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Francesco_Bassano_le_Jeune?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Francesco Bassano le Jeune">Francesco Bassano le Jeune</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89glise_San_Giacomo_dall%27Orio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Église San Giacomo dall'Orio">église San Giacomo dall'Orio</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Venise?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Venise">Venise</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Jean mène une vie d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Asc%C3%A8se?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ascèse">ascèse</a> caché dans le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D%C3%A9sert?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Désert">désert</a>, se nourrissant de «&nbsp;<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sauterelle_(insecte)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sauterelle (insecte)">sauterelles</a> et de miel sauvage&nbsp;» (Matthieu III:4), et pratiquant le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Je%C3%BBne?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jeûne">jeûne</a>. En suivant l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89vangile_selon_Luc?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Évangile selon Luc">Évangile selon Luc</a> pour dater le moment où Jean Baptiste commence à prophétiser, son action peut se situer vers l'an 29. Il est à cette époque installé sur les bords du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jourdain?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jourdain">Jourdain</a>, où il pratique le «&nbsp;baptême de repentance&nbsp;» par immersion dans l'eau, ce qui est légèrement différent de la description de son baptême par <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Flavius_Jos%C3%A8phe?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Flavius Josèphe">Flavius Josèphe</a><sup id="cite_ref-Blanchetière_216_8-2" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Blancheti%C3%A8re_216-8"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>7<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Jean réunit autour de lui de nombreux disciples, leur annonçant la venue d'un personnage plus important que lui, que la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tradition_(christianisme)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tradition (christianisme)">tradition chrétienne</a> interprète comme le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Messie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Messie">Messie</a>&nbsp;: «&nbsp;Moi, je vous baptise avec de l'eau, pour vous amener à la repentance, mais vient celui plus fort que moi, et je ne suis pas digne de porter ses sandales. Lui vous baptisera dans l'Esprit saint et le feu&nbsp;» (Matthieu III:11).</p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:LaTour-Sebastien-Vic.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/LaTour-Sebastien-Vic.JPG/220px-LaTour-Sebastien-Vic.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="180" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="656"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 180px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/LaTour-Sebastien-Vic.JPG/220px-LaTour-Sebastien-Vic.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="180" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/LaTour-Sebastien-Vic.JPG/330px-LaTour-Sebastien-Vic.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/LaTour-Sebastien-Vic.JPG/440px-LaTour-Sebastien-Vic.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> <i>Saint Jean-Baptiste au désert</i>, par <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Georges_de_La_Tour?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Georges de La Tour">Georges de La Tour</a>, v. 1651. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Dans l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89vangile_selon_Matthieu?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Évangile selon Matthieu">Évangile selon Matthieu</a> (III:13-17), <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/J%C3%A9sus_de_Nazareth?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jésus de Nazareth">Jésus</a> vient voir Jean pour être lui aussi baptisé. Jean lui dit&nbsp;: «&nbsp;C'est moi qui ai besoin d'être baptisé par toi&nbsp;», et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/J%C3%A9sus_de_Nazareth?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jésus de Nazareth">Jésus</a> lui répond&nbsp;: «&nbsp;Laisse faire maintenant, car il est convenable que nous accomplissions ainsi tout ce qui est juste.&nbsp;» Jean baptise donc Jésus et c'est au sortir de l'eau que ce dernier voit <span class="citation">«&nbsp;l'Esprit de Dieu descendre comme une colombe et venir sur lui (Mt 3:16)&nbsp;»</span>, tandis <span class="citation">«&nbsp;qu'une voix venue des cieux disait&nbsp;: «&nbsp;Celui-ci est mon Fils bien-aimé, qui a toute ma faveur&nbsp;» (Mt 3:17).&nbsp;»</span> Dans l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89vangile_selon_Jean?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Évangile selon Jean">Évangile selon Jean</a>, le baptême de Jésus par Jean disparaît, ce dernier se contente de reconnaître Jésus comme «&nbsp;l'agneau de Dieu&nbsp;».</p> <p>Analysant le rôle de Précurseur que le Nouveau Testament confère à Jean, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Simon_L%C3%A9gasse?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Simon Légasse">Simon Légasse</a> souligne les distorsions que le texte chrétien doit pratiquer pour préserver l'évocation du Baptiste en écartant toute idée de rivalité possible entre le maître et le disciple. «&nbsp;Les évangélistes évoluent en quelque sorte sur la corde raide lorsqu'ils cherchent à garder Jean Baptiste dans les écrits où Jésus occupe la place centrale&nbsp;». Ils christianisent Jean en l'incluant dans l'œuvre de salut, avec le souci de ne pas nuire à Jésus<sup id="cite_ref-SL_37-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-SL-37"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>33<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. «&nbsp;Luc par exemple prend bien soin de ne pas porter préjudice à Jésus en exaltant le Précurseur. C'est ainsi qu'il élimine ce dernier de son récit avant que Jésus n'y fasse son apparition pour un baptême que le lecteur sait pourtant avoir été administré par Jean&nbsp;» (3, 19-22)<sup id="cite_ref-SL_37-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-SL-37"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>33<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>&nbsp;».</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Jean,_nouvel_Élie"><span id="Jean.2C_nouvel_.C3.89lie"></span>Jean, nouvel Élie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Jean_le_Baptiste&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Jean, nouvel Élie" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Byzantinischer_Mosaizist_des_12._Jahrhunderts_001.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Byzantinischer_Mosaizist_des_12._Jahrhunderts_001.jpg/220px-Byzantinischer_Mosaizist_des_12._Jahrhunderts_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="265" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1576" data-file-height="1900"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 265px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Byzantinischer_Mosaizist_des_12._Jahrhunderts_001.jpg/220px-Byzantinischer_Mosaizist_des_12._Jahrhunderts_001.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="265" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Byzantinischer_Mosaizist_des_12._Jahrhunderts_001.jpg/330px-Byzantinischer_Mosaizist_des_12._Jahrhunderts_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Byzantinischer_Mosaizist_des_12._Jahrhunderts_001.jpg/440px-Byzantinischer_Mosaizist_des_12._Jahrhunderts_001.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Jean le Baptiste «&nbsp;Précurseur&nbsp;» (<i>Prodromos</i>), mosaïque byzantine du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/XIIe_si%C3%A8cle?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="XIIe siècle"><abbr class="abbr" title="12ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XII</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr>&nbsp;siècle</a>, basilique <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sainte-Sophie_(Constantinople)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sainte-Sophie (Constantinople)">Sainte-Sophie</a> de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Constantinople?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Les quatre Évangiles citent, au sujet de Jean Baptiste, la prophétie d’Isaïe&nbsp;: (Is 40, 3) «&nbsp;Voix de celui qui crie dans le désert&nbsp;: rendez droit le chemin du Seigneur<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-38"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>v 3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>&nbsp;».</p> <p>Dans les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89vangiles_synoptiques?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Évangiles synoptiques">Évangiles synoptiques</a>, Jean est présenté comme un nouvel <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89lie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Élie">Élie</a> ou comme un Élie <i><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/redivivus" class="extiw" title="wikt:redivivus">redivivus</a></i>, comme l'ont été d'autres à l'époque y compris <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/J%C3%A9sus_de_Nazareth?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jésus de Nazareth">Jésus de Nazareth</a><sup id="cite_ref-Blanchetière_216_8-3" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Blancheti%C3%A8re_216-8"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>7<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Même s'il n'a pas eu de contact direct avec les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ess%C3%A9niens?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Esséniens">esséniens</a>, <span class="citation">«&nbsp;il a été tributaire de tout un courant de réflexion sur la littérature prophétique et plus spécialement sur le message d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Isa%C3%AFe?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Isaïe">Isaïe</a> ou l'enseignement d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89z%C3%A9chiel?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ézéchiel">Ézéchiel</a>&nbsp;»</span><sup id="cite_ref-Blanchetière_216_8-4" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Blancheti%C3%A8re_216-8"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>7<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. L'audience de ce <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Proph%C3%A8te?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prophète">prophète</a> apocalyptique n'a cessé de croître au point de susciter la réaction «&nbsp;d'Hérode&nbsp;» <span class="citation">«&nbsp;il est de ceux qui comme déjà <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Amos_(proph%C3%A8te)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Amos (prophète)">Amos</a> ou <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Os%C3%A9e_(proph%C3%A8te)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Osée (prophète)">Osée</a> prennent fait et cause pour les petites gens qu'une interprétation rigoriste et outrancière de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Torah?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Torah">Torah</a>, ainsi que l'aliénation résultant de la domination romaine, écrasent&nbsp;»</span><sup id="cite_ref-F_Blanchetière_page217_16-4" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-F_Blancheti%C3%A8re_page217-16"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>15<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. <span class="citation">«&nbsp;Ceux à qui il s'en prend avec le plus de virulence sont les dépositaires du pouvoir&nbsp;»</span><sup id="cite_ref-F_Blanchetière_page217_16-5" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-F_Blancheti%C3%A8re_page217-16"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>15<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> ainsi que leurs subordonnés, soldats, collecteurs d'impôts et autres <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Publicain?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Publicain">publicains</a><sup id="cite_ref-F_Blanchetière_page217_16-6" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-F_Blancheti%C3%A8re_page217-16"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>15<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Les autorités religieuses font aussi partie de ses cibles<sup id="cite_ref-F_Blanchetière_page217_16-7" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-F_Blancheti%C3%A8re_page217-16"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>15<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>À l'époque de Jésus, la tradition juive s'attendait à ce que la venue du «&nbsp;<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Messie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Messie">Messie</a> fils de David&nbsp;» soit précédée par le retour du prophète <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89lie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Élie">Élie</a> mystérieusement élevé au ciel dans un char de feu (2R 2, 16)<sup id="cite_ref-Puech_QumranEtNT_p162_39-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Puech_QumranEtNT_p162-39"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>34<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Ce nouvel Élie devait frayer un chemin pour préparer le grand jour de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/YHWH?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="YHWH">YHWH</a>, en invitant les hommes à se convertir et en restaurant Israël. Dans l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89vangile_selon_Marc?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Évangile selon Marc">Évangile selon Marc</a> (Mc 9, 9-13) et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89vangile_selon_Matthieu?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Évangile selon Matthieu">celui de Matthieu</a> (Mt 17, 9-13), Jésus le considère comme le précurseur (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grec_ancien?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grec ancien">grec ancien</a>&nbsp;: <span class="lang-grc" lang="grc">πρόδρομος</span> <i>pródromos</i>, ce qui lui vaut d'être nommé le «&nbsp;Prodrome&nbsp;» par les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christianisme_orthodoxe?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christianisme orthodoxe">orthodoxes</a>) annoncé sous la figure d'Élie&nbsp;: <span class="citation">«&nbsp;Je vous le dis&nbsp;: Élie est bien déjà venu et ils l’ont traité à leur guise.&nbsp;»</span> Dans l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89vangile_selon_Jean?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Évangile selon Jean">Évangile selon Jean</a> (Jn 1, 19-34), Jean Baptiste nie être Élie, car son auteur appartient à une communauté, qui dans les années 90-100, considérait que Jésus n'était pas <span class="citation">«&nbsp;le Messie fils de David qui vaincra à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/J%C3%A9rusalem?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jérusalem">Jérusalem</a>&nbsp;»</span>, mais <span class="citation">«&nbsp;le Messie fils de Joseph qui sera vaincu à Jérusalem&nbsp;»</span> (cf. <i>Esdras</i> <abbr class="abbr" title="4"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">IV</span></abbr>, Rabbi Dosa dans le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Talmud_de_Babylone?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Talmud de Babylone">Talmud de Babylone</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Talmud_de_Babylone?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Talmud de Babylone">TB</a> Soucca 52a (baraitah), et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manuscrits_de_la_mer_Morte?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Manuscrits de la mer Morte">manuscrits de la mer Morte</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-Jean_et_les_Samaritains_p87-95_40-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Jean_et_les_Samaritains_p87-95-40"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>35<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Conflit_avec_Hérode_Antipas"><span id="Conflit_avec_H.C3.A9rode_Antipas"></span>Conflit avec Hérode Antipas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Jean_le_Baptiste&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Conflit avec Hérode Antipas" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe"> Article détaillé&nbsp;: <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D%C3%A9collation_de_Jean_Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Décollation de Jean Baptiste">Décollation de Jean Baptiste</a>. </div> </div> <p>Jean reproche à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/H%C3%A9rode_Antipas?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hérode Antipas">Hérode Antipas</a>, tétrarque de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Galil%C3%A9e_(r%C3%A9gion)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Galilée (région)">Galilée</a> et de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/P%C3%A9r%C3%A9e_(Palestine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pérée (Palestine)">Pérée</a>, son union avec <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/H%C3%A9rodiade?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hérodiade">Hérodiade</a>, l'épouse de son demi-frère <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/H%C3%A9rode_Bo%C3%ABthos?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hérode Boëthos">Hérode Boëthos</a>.</p> <p>Dans l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89vangile_selon_Marc?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Évangile selon Marc">Évangile selon Marc</a> (VI:14-29), Hérode (dont on suppose qu'il s'agit d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/H%C3%A9rode_Antipas?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hérode Antipas">Hérode Antipas</a>, malgré le titre de «&nbsp;roi&nbsp;» que lui donne l'évangéliste<sup id="cite_ref-Trocmé_172_41-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Trocm%C3%A9_172-41"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>36<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>), excédé par les critiques au sujet de son mariage, ordonne l'arrestation de Jean et «&nbsp;le fait lier en prison<sup id="cite_ref-Marc_6_17_42-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Marc_6_17-42"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>v 4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>&nbsp;». Sa femme Hérodiade voulait faire tuer Jean, mais Hérode Antipas le protégeait, car il le <span class="citation">«&nbsp;connaissait pour un homme juste et saint&nbsp;»</span><sup id="cite_ref-Marc_6_20_43-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Marc_6_20-43"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>v 5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> et <span class="citation">«&nbsp;l'écoutait avec plaisir&nbsp;»</span><sup id="cite_ref-Marc_6_20_43-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Marc_6_20-43"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>v 5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Le Baptiste critique fortement ce mariage en disant à Antipas&nbsp;: <span class="citation">«&nbsp;Il ne t'est pas permis d'avoir la femme de ton frère (Mc 6:19)&nbsp;»</span>. En effet, cette union choquait «&nbsp;en raison de l'interdiction légale du mariage avec la femme de son frère (Lév. 18:16&nbsp;; 20:21), que Jean Baptiste rappelait sans ménagement<sup id="cite_ref-Trocmé_172_41-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Trocm%C3%A9_172-41"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>36<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Selon les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89vangiles_synoptiques?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Évangiles synoptiques">Évangiles synoptiques</a>, c'est à la suite de ces admonestations qu'Antipas le fait jeter en prison, puis décapiter quelque temps plus tard.</p> <p>Peu après, un récit «&nbsp;plus pittoresque que solide&nbsp;»<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-44"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>37<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> rapporté par l'Évangile selon Marc<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-45"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>v 6<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, décrit les circonstances de la mise à mort de Jean.</p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:CaravaggioSalomeLondon.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/CaravaggioSalomeLondon.jpg/220px-CaravaggioSalomeLondon.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="187" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1190" data-file-height="1011"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 187px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/CaravaggioSalomeLondon.jpg/220px-CaravaggioSalomeLondon.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="187" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/CaravaggioSalomeLondon.jpg/330px-CaravaggioSalomeLondon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/CaravaggioSalomeLondon.jpg/440px-CaravaggioSalomeLondon.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Salom%C3%A9_avec_la_t%C3%AAte_de_saint_Jean-Baptiste_(Le_Caravage,_Londres)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Salomé avec la tête de saint Jean-Baptiste (Le Caravage, Londres)">Salomé avec la tête de saint Jean-Baptiste</a></i> (1607), par <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Le_Caravage?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Le Caravage">Le Caravage</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <p><span class="citation">«&nbsp;Or vint un jour propice, quand Hérode, à l'anniversaire de sa naissance (Mc 6:21)&nbsp;»</span> donna <span class="citation">«&nbsp;un banquet pour les grands de sa cour, les officiers et les principaux personnages de la Galilée (Mc 6:21)&nbsp;»</span>. La fille d'Hérodiade dansa et <span class="citation">«&nbsp;elle plut à Hérode et à ses convives&nbsp;»</span><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-46"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>v 7<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. «&nbsp;Le roi&nbsp;» lui dit&nbsp;: <span class="citation">«&nbsp;Demande-moi ce que tu voudras… Ce que tu me demanderas, je te le donnerai, fût-ce la moitié de mon royaume&nbsp;»</span><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-47"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>38<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-48"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>N 3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. La fille d'Hérodiade demanda pour sa mère la tête de Jean Baptiste présentée sur un plateau. Hérode, fort attristé, envoya cependant un garde décapiter Jean dans sa prison, placer sa tête sur un plateau et la présenter à la jeune danseuse qui l'offrit à sa mère Hérodiade<sup id="cite_ref-Schwentzel2011220_49-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Schwentzel2011220-49"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>39<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Dans les évangiles, le nom de la fille d'Hérodiade qui se livre à la danse n'est pas précisé. La tradition retient le nom de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Salom%C3%A9_(fille_d%27H%C3%A9rodiade)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Salomé (fille d'Hérodiade)">Salomé</a><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-50"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>40<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Pour plusieurs auteurs, cette «&nbsp;séquence évangélique&nbsp;», <span class="citation">«&nbsp;n'est pas sans évoquer le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Livre_d%27Esther?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Livre d'Esther">livre d'Esther</a>&nbsp;»</span><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-51"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>v 8<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-APaul_EI_52-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-APaul_EI-52"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>41<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Pour Claudine Gautier, <span class="citation">«&nbsp;le récit évangélique emprunte à deux sortes de sources. Des sources <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ancien_Testament?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ancien Testament">vétérotestamentaires</a> tout d’abord. Cette jeune fille à qui, parce qu’elle lui a plu au cours d’un banquet, un roi promet&nbsp;: «&nbsp;ce que tu me demanderas, je te le donnerai, jusqu’à la moitié de mon royaume&nbsp;»</span> (Marc 6,23), n’est pas sans rappeler l’héroïne du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Livre_d%27Esther?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Livre d'Esther">Livre d'Esther</a>, à qui le roi <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Xerx%C3%A8s_Ier?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Xerxès Ier">Assuérus</a>, séduit lui aussi au cours d’un banquet, fait mot pour mot la même promesse (Esther 5,3-6&nbsp;; 7,2). La première reçoit sur un plat la tête du Baptiste, la seconde obtient la mise à mort de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haman_(Bible)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Haman (Bible)">Haman</a>, le conseiller félon<sup id="cite_ref-P2MUX1_53-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-P2MUX1-53"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>42<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Flavius_Jos%C3%A8phe?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Flavius Josèphe">Flavius Josèphe</a> de son côté dit simplement que Jean fut exécuté à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Macheronte?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Macheronte">Machéronte</a> après y avoir été incarcéré, Hérode Antipas craignant que ce prophète n'utilise l'emprise qu'il avait sur la population pour la pousser à la révolte<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-54"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>43<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <blockquote> <p>«&nbsp;<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/H%C3%A9rode_Antipas?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hérode Antipas">Hérode</a> (Antipas) craignait qu'une telle faculté de persuader ne suscitât une révolte, la foule semblant prête à suivre en tout les conseils de cet homme. Il aima donc mieux s'emparer de lui avant que quelque trouble se fût produit à son sujet, que d'avoir à se repentir plus tard, si un mouvement avait lieu, de s'être exposé à des périls. À cause de ces soupçons d'Hérode, Jean fut envoyé à Machaero, la forteresse dont nous avons parlé plus haut, et y fut tué<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-55"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>44<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.&nbsp;»</p> </blockquote> <p>Pour <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pierre_Geoltrain?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pierre Geoltrain">Pierre Geoltrain</a>, <span class="citation">«&nbsp;ce bref récit replace le mouvement de Jean Baptiste dans l'histoire, celle des soulèvements provoqués par des révoltés, tel <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Judas_le_Galil%C3%A9en?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Judas le Galiléen">Judas le Galiléen</a> à la mort d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/H%C3%A9rode_Ier_le_Grand?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hérode Ier le Grand">Hérode le Grand</a> (père d'Hérode Antipas et de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Philippe_le_T%C3%A9trarque?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Philippe le Tétrarque">Philippe le Tétrarque</a>), ou par des «&nbsp;prophètes&nbsp;» illuminés qui ameutaient des foules dans l'attente de prodiges, ou encore par d'obscurs prétendants à la royauté&nbsp;»</span><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-56"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>45<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Outre cette crainte d'Hérode Antipas, Jean le Baptiste est victime de sa prédication qui entend substituer l'immersion baptismale aux sacrifices, relativisant de la sorte l’importance du rôle des élites sacerdotales et celui du Temple, comme il est possible que son jugement des mœurs d'Hérode — fustigeant le souverain et son union scandaleuse avec la femme (Mc 6, 17) de son demi-frère — ait contribué également à sceller son sort<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-57"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>46<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Postérité"><span id="Post.C3.A9rit.C3.A9"></span>Postérité</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Jean_le_Baptiste&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Postérité" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Après_la_mort_de_Jean"><span id="Apr.C3.A8s_la_mort_de_Jean"></span>Après la mort de Jean</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Jean_le_Baptiste&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Après la mort de Jean" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>L'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89vangile_selon_Jean?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Évangile selon Jean">Évangile selon Jean</a> témoigne, lors de son écriture dans les années 90-100, qu'il y eut rivalité entre le mouvement des disciples de Jésus et les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mouvements_baptistes_antiques?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mouvements baptistes antiques">baptistes</a><sup id="cite_ref-Geoltrain_XV_58-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Geoltrain_XV-58"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>47<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> ne l'ayant pas reconnu comme <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Messie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Messie">Messie</a>. <span class="citation">«&nbsp;De multiples sources attestent que des groupes vénérant le Baptiste et le considérant, pour certains, comme le Messie, ont perduré et poursuivi la polémique&nbsp;: qui, de Jésus ou de Jean, est le plus grand&nbsp;?&nbsp;»</span><sup id="cite_ref-Geoltrain_XV_58-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Geoltrain_XV-58"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>47<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. La communauté des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mand%C3%A9isme?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mandéisme">mandéens</a>, composée de fidèles de Jean le Baptiste, verra en lui l'ennemi de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/J%C3%A9sus-Christ?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jésus-Christ">Jésus-Christ</a><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-59"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>48<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p><span class="citation">«&nbsp;Outre <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.biblegateway.com/bible?language%3Dfr%26version%3D2;32%26passage%3DJOHN%25201%253A18-21">Jn&nbsp;1.&nbsp;18-21</a><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-60"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>49<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, deux <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/P%C3%A9ricope?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Péricope">péricopes</a> réaffirment catégoriquement à leur tour la supériorité de Jésus sur Jean (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.biblegateway.com/bible?language%3Dfr%26version%3D2;32%26passage%3DJOHN%25201%253A27">Jn&nbsp;1.&nbsp;27</a>&nbsp;; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.biblegateway.com/bible?language%3Dfr%26version%3D2;32%26passage%3DJOHN%25203%253A22">Jn&nbsp;3.&nbsp;22</a>), ce qui renvoie sans aucun doute à une polémique, non pas entre Jésus et Jean, mais entre disciples de Jésus et disciples de Jean<sup id="cite_ref-Blanchetière_218_61-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Blancheti%C3%A8re_218-61"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>50<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.&nbsp;»</span> Parmi ceux visés par la polémique se trouvent d'autres baptistes <span class="citation">«&nbsp;dont peut-être les partisans de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Simon_le_Magicien?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Simon le Magicien">Simon le Mage</a> ou de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dosith%C3%A9e_de_Samarie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dosithée de Samarie">Dosithée</a> en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Samarie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Samarie">Samarie</a><sup id="cite_ref-Blanchetière_218_61-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Blancheti%C3%A8re_218-61"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>50<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.&nbsp;»</span> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pierre_Geoltrain?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pierre Geoltrain">Pierre Geoltrain</a> estime toutefois que l'on ne peut pas savoir si la rivalité entre les deux groupes remontait à la période où le Baptiste était encore vivant<sup id="cite_ref-Geoltrain_XV_58-2" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Geoltrain_XV-58"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>47<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Années_50-90"><span id="Ann.C3.A9es_50-90"></span>Années 50-90</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Jean_le_Baptiste&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Années 50-90" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Giovanni_di_Paolo_-_Saint_John_the_Baptist_in_Prison_Visited_by_Two_Disciples_-_1933.1012_-_Art_Institute_of_Chicago.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Giovanni_di_Paolo_-_Saint_John_the_Baptist_in_Prison_Visited_by_Two_Disciples_-_1933.1012_-_Art_Institute_of_Chicago.jpg/170px-Giovanni_di_Paolo_-_Saint_John_the_Baptist_in_Prison_Visited_by_Two_Disciples_-_1933.1012_-_Art_Institute_of_Chicago.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="296" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1725" data-file-height="3000"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 296px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Giovanni_di_Paolo_-_Saint_John_the_Baptist_in_Prison_Visited_by_Two_Disciples_-_1933.1012_-_Art_Institute_of_Chicago.jpg/170px-Giovanni_di_Paolo_-_Saint_John_the_Baptist_in_Prison_Visited_by_Two_Disciples_-_1933.1012_-_Art_Institute_of_Chicago.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="296" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Giovanni_di_Paolo_-_Saint_John_the_Baptist_in_Prison_Visited_by_Two_Disciples_-_1933.1012_-_Art_Institute_of_Chicago.jpg/255px-Giovanni_di_Paolo_-_Saint_John_the_Baptist_in_Prison_Visited_by_Two_Disciples_-_1933.1012_-_Art_Institute_of_Chicago.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Giovanni_di_Paolo_-_Saint_John_the_Baptist_in_Prison_Visited_by_Two_Disciples_-_1933.1012_-_Art_Institute_of_Chicago.jpg/340px-Giovanni_di_Paolo_-_Saint_John_the_Baptist_in_Prison_Visited_by_Two_Disciples_-_1933.1012_-_Art_Institute_of_Chicago.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> <i>Saint Jean Baptiste en prison visité par deux disciples</i>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Giovanni_di_Paolo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Giovanni di Paolo">Giovanni di Paolo</a> (entre 1455 et 1460), <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Art_Institute_of_Chicago?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Art Institute of Chicago">Art Institute of Chicago</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <p>L'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89vangile_selon_Jean?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Évangile selon Jean">Évangile selon Jean</a> et l'arrière-plan des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Actes_des_Ap%C3%B4tres?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Actes des Apôtres">Actes des Apôtres</a> laissent percevoir une lutte d'influence entre les disciples du Baptiste, qui voient en lui le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Messie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Messie">Messie</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.biblegateway.com/bible?language%3Dfr%26version%3D2;32%26passage%3DJOHN%25203%253A28">Jn&nbsp;3.&nbsp;28</a>), et ceux de Jésus<sup id="cite_ref-F.Blanchetière_pages217et218_62-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-F.Blancheti%C3%A8re_pages217et218-62"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>51<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Selon les Actes, vers 50 à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89ph%C3%A8se?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Éphèse">Éphèse</a> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Asie_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Asie (province romaine)">province proconsulaire d'Asie</a>), un Juif de naissance, venant d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alexandrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alexandrie">Alexandrie</a> et nommé <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Apollos_d%27Alexandrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Apollos d'Alexandrie">Apollos</a> (ou Apollonios<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-63"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>v 9<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>), est considéré par des disciples de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paul_de_Tarse?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paul de Tarse">Paul de Tarse</a> comme faisant partie de leur mouvement, «&nbsp;bien qu'il connût seulement le baptême de Jean<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-64"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>v 10<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Blanchetière_229_65-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Blancheti%C3%A8re_229-65"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>52<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> (le Baptiste)&nbsp;». Ainsi, la prédication de Jean le Baptiste avait fait des adeptes en Égypte. Selon <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Blancheti%C3%A8re?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="François Blanchetière">François Blanchetière</a>, Apollos, «&nbsp;formé à Alexandrie dans un milieu qui ressemblait aux <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Therapeutae?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Therapeutae">Thérapeutes</a> de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Philon_d%27Alexandrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Philon d'Alexandrie">Philon</a>, avait adopté le baptême de Jean. Les membres du mouvement attendaient avec impatience la venue du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Messie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Messie">Christ</a>, le roi messianique qui les délivrerait de la domination des Romains&nbsp;»<sup id="cite_ref-Blanchetière_229_65-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Blancheti%C3%A8re_229-65"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>52<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Comme les membres de la communauté d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89ph%C3%A8se?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Éphèse">Éphèse</a>, Apollos devient alors «&nbsp;adepte de la Voie du Seigneur&nbsp;» (ou instruit de la Voie du Seigneur), ce qui est le nom des partisans de Jésus<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-66"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>N 4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Les communautés messianistes d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89gypte?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Égypte">Égypte</a> ont probablement disparu —&nbsp;ou quasiment disparu&nbsp;— lors du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Histoire_des_Juifs_de_l%27%C3%89gypte_hell%C3%A9nistique_et_romaine?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Le_massacre_des_Juifs_r%C3%A9volt%C3%A9s_d'%C3%89gypte_sous_Trajan" title="Histoire des Juifs de l'Égypte hellénistique et romaine">massacre des Juifs d'Égypte sous Trajan</a> qui a suivi la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guerre_de_Kitos?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guerre de Kitos">révolte des exilés</a> (116-117).</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Les_mandéens"><span id="Les_mand.C3.A9ens"></span>Les mandéens</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Jean_le_Baptiste&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Les mandéens" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe"> Article détaillé&nbsp;: <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mand%C3%A9isme?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mandéisme">Mandéisme</a>. </div> </div> <p>Selon la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tradition?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tradition">tradition</a> des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mand%C3%A9isme?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mandéisme">mandéens</a>, leur communauté se serait formée autour de Jean Baptiste. Ils pourraient faire partie de ceux qui ne se sont pas ralliés à Jésus. Selon eux, et notamment le <i>Haran-Gawaita</i><sup id="cite_ref-Grabbe1992_p510_67-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Grabbe1992_p510-67"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>53<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, leur départ de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Palestine_(r%C3%A9gion)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Palestine (région)">Palestine</a> aurait eu lieu en 37-38<sup id="cite_ref-Grabbe1992_p510_67-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Grabbe1992_p510-67"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>53<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Pour <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Paul?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="André Paul">André Paul</a> ou <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Simon_Claude_Mimouni?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Simon Claude Mimouni">Simon Claude Mimouni</a>, les groupes mandéens existant actuellement en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Irak?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Irak">Irak</a> et en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Iran?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Iran">Iran</a> relèvent du seul courant vraiment baptiste qui ait persisté jusqu'à aujourd'hui<sup id="cite_ref-André_Paul_68-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Andr%C3%A9_Paul-68"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>54<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mimouni228_229_69-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Mimouni228_229-69"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>55<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Baptisme_et_baptême_de_Jean"><span id="Baptisme_et_bapt.C3.AAme_de_Jean"></span>Baptisme et baptême de Jean</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Jean_le_Baptiste&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Baptisme et baptême de Jean" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe"> Articles détaillés&nbsp;: <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bapt%C3%AAme_du_Christ?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baptême du Christ">Baptême du Christ</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mouvements_baptistes_antiques?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mouvements baptistes antiques">Mouvements baptistes antiques</a>. </div> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Bautismo_de_Cristo._Goya.tif?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Bautismo_de_Cristo._Goya.tif/lossy-page1-170px-Bautismo_de_Cristo._Goya.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="198" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3853" data-file-height="4491"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 198px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Bautismo_de_Cristo._Goya.tif/lossy-page1-170px-Bautismo_de_Cristo._Goya.tif.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="198" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Bautismo_de_Cristo._Goya.tif/lossy-page1-255px-Bautismo_de_Cristo._Goya.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Bautismo_de_Cristo._Goya.tif/lossy-page1-340px-Bautismo_de_Cristo._Goya.tif.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Baptême du Christ par <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Francisco_de_Goya?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Francisco de Goya">Francisco de Goya</a>. 1780. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Lors de son apparition au <abbr class="abbr" title="2ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">II</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr>&nbsp;siècle&nbsp;<abbr class="abbr nowrap" title="avant Jésus-Christ">av. J.-C.</abbr>, <span class="citation">«&nbsp;le baptisme est une forme religieuse qui reporte sur les pratiques baptismales ce qui auparavant correspondait aux pratiques sacrificielles&nbsp;: le salut par les baptêmes et non plus par les sacrifices, ou si l'on préfère, le salut par l'eau des baptêmes et non plus par le feu des sacrifices&nbsp;»</span><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-70"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>56<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Selon <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Blancheti%C3%A8re?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="François Blanchetière">François Blanchetière</a>, au <abbr class="abbr" title="1ᵉʳ siècle"><span class="romain">I</span><sup style="font-size:72%">er</sup></abbr>&nbsp;siècle, outre les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ess%C3%A9niens?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Esséniens">esséniens</a> <span class="citation">«&nbsp;entrent dans la catégorie des baptistes, tout d'abord Jean le cousin de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/J%C3%A9sus_de_Nazareth?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jésus de Nazareth">Jésus</a>, précisément surnommé «&nbsp;le Baptiste&nbsp;», et ses disciples très souvent évoqués par les évangélistes, ou encore l'ermite Bannous qui, au témoignage de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Flavius_Jos%C3%A8phe?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Flavius Josèphe">Flavius Josèphe</a> un temps son disciple, <span class="citation">«&nbsp;prenait nuit et jour dans l'eau froide de nombreux bains de purification (<i>Vita</i> 11)&nbsp;»</span>, et de même les <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mouvements_baptistes_antiques?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Masboth%C3%A9ens.2C_h%C3%A9m%C3%A9robaptistes_et.C3.89bionites" title="Mouvements baptistes antiques">hémérobaptistes</a></i> pratiquant le bain quotidien, les <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mouvements_baptistes_antiques?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Masboth%C3%A9ens.2C_h%C3%A9m%C3%A9robaptistes_et.C3.89bionites" title="Mouvements baptistes antiques">masbothéens</a></i>, terme qui n'est peut-être qu'une traduction <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aram%C3%A9en?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Araméen">araméenne</a> de «&nbsp;baptiste&nbsp;». Tous ces groupes auraient été présents à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/J%C3%A9rusalem?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jérusalem">Jérusalem</a>, mais surtout sur les rives du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jourdain?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jourdain">Jourdain</a>, avant de se replier vers la Transjordanie au moment de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Premi%C3%A8re_guerre_jud%C3%A9o-romaine?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Première guerre judéo-romaine">première révolte</a>&nbsp;»</span><sup id="cite_ref-Blanchetière_50_71-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Blancheti%C3%A8re_50-71"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>57<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> (vers 70).</p> <p>Selon <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Paul?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="André Paul">André Paul</a>, Jean Baptiste <span class="citation">«&nbsp;pratiquait un rite d'immersion individuelle appelé «&nbsp;baptême&nbsp;»&nbsp;»</span><sup id="cite_ref-APaul_MvtBaptistes_72-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-APaul_MvtBaptistes-72"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>58<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Devenu un <span class="citation">«&nbsp;homme au rayonnement notoire&nbsp;»</span><sup id="cite_ref-APaul_MvtBaptistes_72-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-APaul_MvtBaptistes-72"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>58<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, son surnom <span class="citation">«&nbsp;dit bien l'objet de sa réputation&nbsp;: «&nbsp;le Baptiste&nbsp;», littéralement «&nbsp;l'Immerseur&nbsp;». Ce mot dérive du grec <i>baptizein</i>, «&nbsp;plonger&nbsp;», «&nbsp;immerger&nbsp;»&nbsp;»</span><sup id="cite_ref-APaul_MvtBaptistes_72-2" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-APaul_MvtBaptistes-72"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>58<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. <span class="citation">«&nbsp;On venait à ce dernier «&nbsp;pour s'unir dans le baptême&nbsp;», dans un rite véritable d'initiation. Le but de l'acte était l'entrée signifiée, consacrée, dans un groupe d'élus&nbsp;»</span><sup id="cite_ref-APaul_MvtBaptistes_72-3" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-APaul_MvtBaptistes-72"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>58<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Le baptême de Jean servait également à «&nbsp;purifier le corps&nbsp;», l'âme étant purifiée au préalable «&nbsp;par la justice&nbsp;»<sup id="cite_ref-FlaJosXVIII_116_118_73-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FlaJosXVIII_116_118-73"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>j 1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Jean-Baptiste proclamait un baptême de repentir en vue de la rémission des péchés, ce qui le situe dans l'espérance juive d'un Nouvel Exode qui viendrait renouveler définitivement l'Alliance. Il concevait le baptême qu'il administrait non comme une purification des souillures rituelles, mais comme une expiation des fautes morales et devait être perçu comme étant dans le prolongement, sans pour autant la satisfaire, de la prophétie de Daniel annonçant un oint qui mettrait un terme au péché et absoudrait les fautes (Daniel 9, 24). Enfin par son baptême "au-delà du Jourdain "(Jean 10, 40), Jean Baptiste faisait passer ceux qui venaient à lui à travers le Jourdain, comme lors de la traversée de ce cours d'eau au terme du premier Exode<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-74"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>59<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Si Jean le Baptiste <span class="citation">«&nbsp;compte parmi les sources directes du christianisme&nbsp;»</span><sup id="cite_ref-APaul_MvtBaptistes_72-4" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-APaul_MvtBaptistes-72"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>58<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, <span class="citation">«&nbsp;la religion chrétienne se développa sur la base d'un corps de doctrines et de rites qui dépasse très largement le cadre baptismal. La survivance d'éléments judaïques ou judéo-chrétiens liés au courant baptiste de Jean est attestée au <abbr class="abbr" title="1ᵉʳ siècle"><span class="romain">I</span><sup style="font-size:72%">er</sup></abbr>&nbsp;siècle par les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Actes_des_Ap%C3%B4tres?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Actes des Apôtres">Actes des Apôtres</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.biblegateway.com/bible?language%3Dfr%26version%3D2;32%26passage%3DActes%252019%253A1-7">Actes&nbsp;19.&nbsp;1-7</a>) et jusqu'au <abbr class="abbr" title="3ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">III</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> par d'autres témoins&nbsp;»</span><sup id="cite_ref-APaul_MvtBaptistes_72-5" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-APaul_MvtBaptistes-72"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>58<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Culte">Culte</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Jean_le_Baptiste&amp;action=edit&amp;section=17&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Culte" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Fêtes_de_saint_Jean_Baptiste"><span id="F.C3.AAtes_de_saint_Jean_Baptiste"></span>Fêtes de saint Jean Baptiste</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Jean_le_Baptiste&amp;action=edit&amp;section=18&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Fêtes de saint Jean Baptiste" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe"> Article connexe&nbsp;: <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/F%C3%AAte_de_la_Saint-Jean?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fête de la Saint-Jean">Fête de la Saint-Jean</a>. </div> </div> <p>Saint Jean Baptiste, la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marie_(m%C3%A8re_de_J%C3%A9sus)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marie (mère de Jésus)">Vierge Marie</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/J%C3%A9sus-Christ?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jésus-Christ">Jésus-Christ</a> sont les trois seules personnes que l'Église orthodoxe célèbre par trois fêtes le jour de leur conception, celui de leur nativité et celui de leur mort. Les fêtes de Jean Baptiste sont les suivantes&nbsp;:</p> <ul> <li><time class="nowrap" datetime="09-23" data-sort-value="09-23">23 septembre</time>, conception&nbsp;;</li> <li><time class="nowrap" datetime="06-24" data-sort-value="06-24">24 juin</time>, nativité, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solennit%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Solennité">solennité</a> dans le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rite_romain?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rite romain">rite romain</a>&nbsp;;</li> <li><time class="nowrap" datetime="08-29" data-sort-value="08-29">29 août</time>, décollation (martyre)&nbsp;;</li> <li><time class="nowrap" datetime="02-24" data-sort-value="02-24">24 février</time>, <span class="need_ref" title="Une source est souhaitée pour ce passage (demandé le 12 septembre 2018)." style="cursor:help;"><abbr class="abbr" title="Première">1<sup>re</sup></abbr> et <abbr class="abbr" title="Deuxième">2<sup>e</sup></abbr> inventions du chef</span><sup class="need_ref_tag" style="padding-left:2px;"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:R%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence_n%C3%A9cessaire?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Référence nécessaire">[<abbr class="abbr" title="référence">réf.</abbr>&nbsp;souhaitée]</a></sup>&nbsp;;</li> <li><time class="nowrap" datetime="05-25" data-sort-value="05-25">25 mai</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="Troisième">3<sup>e</sup></abbr> invention du chef&nbsp;;</li> <li><time class="nowrap" datetime="01-07" data-sort-value="01-07">7 janvier</time>, lendemain du baptême du Christ.</li> </ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:John_the_Baptist_(15th_c.,_Rublev_museum)_detail.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/John_the_Baptist_%2815th_c.%2C_Rublev_museum%29_detail.jpg/170px-John_the_Baptist_%2815th_c.%2C_Rublev_museum%29_detail.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="223" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="457" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 223px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/John_the_Baptist_%2815th_c.%2C_Rublev_museum%29_detail.jpg/170px-John_the_Baptist_%2815th_c.%2C_Rublev_museum%29_detail.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="223" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/John_the_Baptist_%2815th_c.%2C_Rublev_museum%29_detail.jpg/255px-John_the_Baptist_%2815th_c.%2C_Rublev_museum%29_detail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/John_the_Baptist_%2815th_c.%2C_Rublev_museum%29_detail.jpg/340px-John_the_Baptist_%2815th_c.%2C_Rublev_museum%29_detail.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ic%C3%B4ne_(religion)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Icône (religion)">Icône</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89glise_orthodoxe?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Église orthodoxe">orthodoxe</a> de saint Jean Baptiste. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89glise_(organisation)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Église (organisation)">Églises</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chr%C3%A9tien?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chrétien">chrétiennes</a> fêtent sa <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nativit%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nativité">nativité</a>, aussi bien en Orient qu’en Occident, six mois avant <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/No%C3%ABl?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Noël">Noël</a>, le <time class="nowrap" datetime="06-24" data-sort-value="06-24">24 juin</time>, au moment du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solstice?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Solstice">solstice</a> d’été<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-75"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>v 11<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>&nbsp;; c’est une exception à la tradition de fêter les saints le jour de leur mort<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-76"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>60<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-77"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>N 5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Parmi les nombreux rites qui sont associés à cette fête, certains semblent venir directement des anciennes grandes fêtes <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Celtes?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Celtes">celtes</a> du solstice d’été, lorsque cette nuit était réputée surnaturelle, et des feux cérémoniels allumés. La pratique des feux de la Saint-Jean, directement hérités des fêtes <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Polyth%C3%A9isme?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Polythéisme">polythéistes</a> du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solstice?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Solstice">solstice</a> d'été, reste très vivace dans de nombreuses villes et villages du monde occidental.</p> <p>Comme la fête de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/No%C3%ABl?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Noël">Noël</a> pour la date de naissance de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/J%C3%A9sus_de_Nazareth?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jésus de Nazareth">Jésus</a>, la date du <time class="nowrap" datetime="06-24" data-sort-value="06-24">24 juin</time> pour fêter celle de Jean Baptiste a été choisie au <abbr class="abbr" title="5ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">V</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr>&nbsp;siècle<sup id="cite_ref-Najjar_123_78-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Najjar_123-78"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>61<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Les deux naissances sont ainsi placées à six mois d'écart, trois jours après chaque solstice, moment où, avec un moyen d'observation rudimentaire, on peut voir que la durée des jours commence à augmenter (<time class="nowrap" datetime="12-25" data-sort-value="12-25">25 décembre</time>), ou à diminuer (<time class="nowrap" datetime="06-24" data-sort-value="06-24">24 juin</time>). Pour l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89glise_catholique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Église catholique">Église catholique</a> parvenue au pouvoir, il s'agit à la fois de «&nbsp;recouvrir&nbsp;» deux fêtes païennes par des fêtes devenues chrétiennes, mais aussi d'illustrer tant l'écart de six mois entre les nativités de Jean et de Jésus<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-79"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>v 12<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> que la phrase attribuée au Baptiste parlant de Jésus&nbsp;: <span class="citation">«&nbsp;Il faut que lui grandisse et que moi je décroisse&nbsp;»</span><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-80"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>62<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-81"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>v 13<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Pour <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alexandre_Najjar?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alexandre Najjar">Alexandre Najjar</a>, <span class="citation">«&nbsp;l'église a ainsi christianisé le vieux rite païen qui célébrait l'astre du jour&nbsp;: le soleil qui commence sa descente à partir du <time class="nowrap" datetime="06-21" data-sort-value="06-21">21 juin</time> symbolise Jean Baptiste&nbsp;; quand il recommence sa montée à partir du <time class="nowrap" datetime="12-22" data-sort-value="12-22">22 décembre</time>, il représente Jésus&nbsp;»</span><sup id="cite_ref-Najjar_123_78-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Najjar_123-78"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>61<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. <span class="citation">«&nbsp;Entre le Précurseur et le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Messie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Messie">Messie</a>, Luc s’attache d’ailleurs à construire une rigoureuse symétrie&nbsp;: ils naissent à six mois d’intervalle, ce que la tradition chrétienne a conservé en célébrant leurs naissances aux deux solstices opposés. L’un naît d’une femme réputée trop vieille pour enfanter, l’autre d’une vierge&nbsp;; l’un est rempli du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint-Esprit?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Saint-Esprit">Saint-Esprit</a>, l’autre est conçu du même Saint-Esprit&nbsp;»</span><sup id="cite_ref-P2MUX1_53-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-P2MUX1-53"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>42<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Pour Claudine Gauthier, cette opposition si complète les ramène à l’unité et en fait des quasi-jumeaux.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Saint_patron">Saint patron</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Jean_le_Baptiste&amp;action=edit&amp;section=19&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Saint patron" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Jean le Baptiste est le saint patron de&nbsp;:</p> <ul> <li>la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jordanie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jordanie">Jordanie</a><sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-82"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>63<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>&nbsp;;</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Terre-Neuve?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Terre-Neuve">Terre-Neuve</a>&nbsp;;</li> <li>des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Canadiens_fran%C3%A7ais?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Canadiens français">Canadiens français</a>&nbsp;;</li> <li>ainsi que des villes de, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Florence?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Florence">Florence</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G%C3%AAnes?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gênes">Gênes</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Perpignan?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Perpignan">Perpignan</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Perth_(%C3%89cosse)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Perth (Écosse)">Perth</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Porto?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Porto">Porto</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Turin?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Turin">Turin</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Qu%C3%A9bec_(ville)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Québec (ville)">Québec</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne">Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint-Jean_(Valais)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Saint-Jean (Valais)">Saint-Jean</a>&nbsp;;</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ordre_de_Saint-Jean_de_J%C3%A9rusalem?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ordre de Saint-Jean de Jérusalem">Ordre de Saint-Jean de Jérusalem</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ordre_souverain_militaire_et_hospitalier_de_Saint-Jean_de_J%C3%A9rusalem,_de_Rhodes_et_de_Malte?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ordre souverain militaire et hospitalier de Saint-Jean de Jérusalem, de Rhodes et de Malte">ordre souverain de Malte</a>.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Reliques">Reliques</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Jean_le_Baptiste&amp;action=edit&amp;section=20&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Reliques" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Geertgen_tot_Sint_Jans_005.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Geertgen_tot_Sint_Jans_005.jpg/180px-Geertgen_tot_Sint_Jans_005.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="226" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4006" data-file-height="5032"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 180px;height: 226px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Geertgen_tot_Sint_Jans_005.jpg/180px-Geertgen_tot_Sint_Jans_005.jpg" data-width="180" data-height="226" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Geertgen_tot_Sint_Jans_005.jpg/270px-Geertgen_tot_Sint_Jans_005.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Geertgen_tot_Sint_Jans_005.jpg/360px-Geertgen_tot_Sint_Jans_005.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rufin_d%27Assise_(%C3%A9v%C3%AAque)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rufin d'Assise (évêque)">Rufin</a>, traduisant <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eus%C3%A8be_de_C%C3%A9sar%C3%A9e?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eusèbe de Césarée">Eusèbe</a> relate la tradition étonnante du «&nbsp;second martyre&nbsp;» de Jean le Baptiste&nbsp;: la profanation de son tombeau à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Samarie_(ville_ancienne)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Samarie (ville ancienne)">Sebaste</a> par les soldats de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Julien_(empereur_romain)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Julien (empereur romain)">Julien l'Apostat</a> en 362, les os étant brûlés mais certains récupérés par les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ordre_de_Saint-Jean_de_J%C3%A9rusalem?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ordre de Saint-Jean de Jérusalem">chevaliers de Saint-Jean</a> (tableau de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Geertgen_tot_Sint_Jans?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Geertgen tot Sint Jans">Geertgen tot Sint Jans</a> vers 1484)<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-83"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>64<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Les reliques attribuées à Jean Baptiste existent dans presque tous les pays chrétiens et à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Damas?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Damas">Damas</a>, en pays <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Musulman?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Musulman">musulman</a>. Prétendues reliques car elles font l'objet, comme tous les corps des saints, d'un commerce international au Moyen Âge et que l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Invention_de_reliques?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Invention de reliques">invention de reliques</a>, même fausses, est souvent réalisée à des moments cruciaux pour les églises ou communautés monastiques, leur permettant de «&nbsp;sortir de difficultés financières, de réaffirmer le pouvoir d'un évêque, de défendre le bien-fondé d'une réforme, etc.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-84"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>65<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>&nbsp;» Des éclats d'os du saint sont même vendus sur des sites web comme <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/EBay?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="EBay">eBay</a><sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-85"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>66<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Le_tombeau_de_Sebaste_(Samarie)"><span id="Le_tombeau_de_Sebaste_.28Samarie.29"></span>Le tombeau de Sebaste (Samarie)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Jean_le_Baptiste&amp;action=edit&amp;section=21&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Le tombeau de Sebaste (Samarie)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Nabi_Yahya_Mosque,_Sebastia,_c._1920.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Nabi_Yahya_Mosque%2C_Sebastia%2C_c._1920.jpg/170px-Nabi_Yahya_Mosque%2C_Sebastia%2C_c._1920.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="191" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="440" data-file-height="494"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 191px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Nabi_Yahya_Mosque%2C_Sebastia%2C_c._1920.jpg/170px-Nabi_Yahya_Mosque%2C_Sebastia%2C_c._1920.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="191" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Nabi_Yahya_Mosque%2C_Sebastia%2C_c._1920.jpg/255px-Nabi_Yahya_Mosque%2C_Sebastia%2C_c._1920.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Nabi_Yahya_Mosque%2C_Sebastia%2C_c._1920.jpg/340px-Nabi_Yahya_Mosque%2C_Sebastia%2C_c._1920.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> La mosquée du Nabi Yahya (du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Proph%C3%A8te?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prophète">prophète</a> Jean (le Baptiste) à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sebastia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sebastia">Sebastia</a>, près de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Naplouse?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Naplouse">Naplouse</a> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cisjordanie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cisjordanie">Cisjordanie</a>), site traditionnel où se trouvait la tombe du Baptiste. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Plusieurs textes anciens font état au <abbr class="abbr" title="4ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">IV</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr>&nbsp;siècle de l'existence du tombeau de Jean Baptiste à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Samarie_(ville_ancienne)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Samarie (ville ancienne)">Sebaste</a> en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Samarie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Samarie">Samarie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_de_Stridon?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jérôme de Stridon">saint Jérôme</a> témoignant des miracles liés à ce lieu de pèlerinage qui avait vertu de chasser les démons et de guérir les possédés<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-86"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>67<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Th%C3%A9odoret_de_Cyr?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Théodoret de Cyr">Théodoret de Cyr</a> en fait aussi état<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-87"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>68<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rufin_d%27Aquil%C3%A9e?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rufin d'Aquilée">Rufin d'Aquilée</a> accuse même l'empereur <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Julien_(empereur_romain)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Julien (empereur romain)">Julien</a> (361-363) d'avoir ordonné la destruction de celui-ci et l'incinération du corps qui s'y trouvait, «&nbsp;les os brulés<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-88"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>69<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> et jetés au vent<sup id="cite_ref-Najjar_108_89-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Najjar_108-89"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>70<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>&nbsp;». Cet empereur est connu pour son <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Libri_tres_contra_Galileos?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Libri tres contra Galileos">écrit contre les chrétiens</a>, qu'il appelle «&nbsp;les <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Quatri%C3%A8me_philosophie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Mouvement_Galil%C3%A9en" title="Quatrième philosophie">Galiléens</a></i>&nbsp;»<sup id="cite_ref-Blanchetière_139_90-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Blancheti%C3%A8re_139-90"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>71<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Toutefois, les historiens n'accordent que peu de crédit à ces relations polémiques, émanant d'auteurs chrétiens très hostiles à cet empereur<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-91"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>N 6<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> qui avait voulu revenir à la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89dit_de_tol%C3%A9rance?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Édit de tolérance">tolérance religieuse</a><sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-92"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>72<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-93"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>73<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-94"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>74<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, avait mis en place une législation anti-chrétienne<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-95"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>75<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> et tenté d'organiser une «&nbsp;église païenne&nbsp;»<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-96"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>j 2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-97"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>76<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>En 333, le pèlerin <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anonyme_de_Bordeaux?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anonyme de Bordeaux">anonyme de Bordeaux</a> ne signale pas la présence de ce tombeau. Cette localisation près de Sébaste, impliquerait que la forteresse <i>Machareous</i> dont parle <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Flavius_Jos%C3%A8phe?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Flavius Josèphe">Flavius Josèphe</a> ne serait pas <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Macheronte?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Macheronte">Macheronte</a> au fin fond sud de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/P%C3%A9r%C3%A9e_(Palestine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pérée (Palestine)">Pérée</a>, mais la forteresse <i>Machareous</i>, située par le même auteur au nord de la forteresse de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alexandrion?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alexandrion">Alexandrion</a> dans d'autres de ses volumes.</p> <p><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alexandre_Najjar?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alexandre Najjar">Alexandre Najjar</a> n'a toutefois aucun doute et raconte cette <span class="citation">«&nbsp;terrible profanation&nbsp;»</span><sup id="cite_ref-Najjar_108_89-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Najjar_108-89"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>70<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. D'après lui, des moines auraient sauvé une partie des ossements <span class="citation">«&nbsp;qu'ils transportèrent à Jérusalem et qu'ils remirent à l'abbé Philippe qui les confia à son tour à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Athanase_d%27Alexandrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Athanase d'Alexandrie">saint Athanase</a>, évêque d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alexandrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alexandrie">Alexandrie</a>&nbsp;»</span><sup id="cite_ref-Najjar_108_89-2" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Najjar_108-89"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>70<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. C'est en tout cas ce que relate <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rufin_d%27Aquil%C3%A9e?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rufin d'Aquilée">Rufin d'Aquilée</a>.</p> <p>Par contrecoup, la dispersion des cendres et l'anéantissement du corps de saint Jean-Baptiste rehausse la valeur de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Autres_principes_de_classification" title="Relique">relique insigne</a> de son chef, possession revendiquée par plusieurs sanctuaires<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-98"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>77<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. En suivant ce cheminement, certains pensent donc que le corps du prophète, se trouverait sous le mur nord de la grande église d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alexandrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alexandrie">Alexandrie</a>, découvert en 1976<sup id="cite_ref-Najjar_108_89-3" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Najjar_108-89"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>70<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-99"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>N 7<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Mais de nombreux édifices religieux pensent, ou ont pensé, détenir ce corps. Ainsi un tombeau qui pourrait contenir la tête de Jean Baptiste (<i>Yahya</i>) se trouve dans la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grande_Mosqu%C3%A9e_des_Omeyyades?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Grande Mosquée des Omeyyades">Grande Mosquée des Omeyyades</a> de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Damas?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Damas">Damas</a>, construite à partir de 705 sur l'emplacement de la basilique <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Empire_byzantin?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empire byzantin">byzantine</a> dédiée à Saint-Jean-Baptiste<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-100"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>78<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Selon <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ibn_Asakir?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ibn Asakir">Ibn Asakir</a>, auteur d'un dictionnaire biographique de l'histoire de Damas en 80&nbsp;volumes, lors de la construction de la mosquée le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Calife?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Calife">calife</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Al-Wal%C4%ABd_Ier?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Al-Walīd Ier">Al-Walīd</a> aurait choisi de conserver à l'intérieur de son enceinte, la tête de Jean Baptiste dans son site original<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-101"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>79<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="La_grotte_de_Jean_Baptiste">La grotte de Jean Baptiste</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Jean_le_Baptiste&amp;action=edit&amp;section=22&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : La grotte de Jean Baptiste" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>En 2004, l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arch%C3%A9ologie_biblique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Archéologie biblique">archéologue</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shimon_Gibson?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shimon Gibson">Shimon Gibson</a> prétend avoir trouvé la grotte de Jean le Baptiste<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-102"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>80<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> dans la vallée sauvage du kibboutz <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Palmach-Tzuva?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Palmach-Tzuva">Tzouba</a> près d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ein_Kerem?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ein Kerem">Ein Kerem</a> où une tradition locale, qui selon le moine Theodericus du <abbr class="abbr" title="12ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XII</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr>&nbsp;siècle remonte à l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/H%C3%A9l%C3%A8ne_(m%C3%A8re_de_Constantin)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Hélène (mère de Constantin)">impératrice Hélène</a><sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-103"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>81<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, fixe le village de naissance de Jean Baptiste. Toutefois, aucun texte antique ne vient à l'appui de cette tradition. Cette découverte laisse sceptique les historiens<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-104"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>82<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. L'essentiel de ce qui a été trouvé est une grande citerne qui, selon Gibson, aurait servi de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fonts_baptismaux?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fonts baptismaux">fonts baptismaux</a>. Toutefois, les immersions des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mouvements_baptistes_antiques?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mouvements baptistes antiques">baptistes antiques</a> devaient se faire impérativement dans de l'eau vive. Les fouilles archéologiques débutées en 1999, ont aussi mis en évidence des poteries datées du <abbr class="abbr" title="1ᵉʳ siècle"><span class="romain">I</span><sup style="font-size:72%">er</sup></abbr>&nbsp;siècle et des graffitis probablement de moines byzantins du <abbr class="abbr" title="4ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">IV</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> et <abbr class="abbr" title="5ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">V</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr>&nbsp;siècles dont un qui représente un personnage vêtu d'une peau de bête et tenant dans sa main gauche un bâton pastoral<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-105"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>83<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, rappelant la représentation de saint Jean Baptiste dans l'art byzantin<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-106"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>84<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="La_tête_de_Jean_Baptiste"><span id="La_t.C3.AAte_de_Jean_Baptiste"></span>La tête de Jean Baptiste</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Jean_le_Baptiste&amp;action=edit&amp;section=23&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : La tête de Jean Baptiste" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Le_chef_de_Saint_Jean_le_Baptiste_%C3%A0_Amiens.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Le_chef_de_Saint_Jean_le_Baptiste_%C3%A0_Amiens.jpg/170px-Le_chef_de_Saint_Jean_le_Baptiste_%C3%A0_Amiens.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="207" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="488"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 207px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Le_chef_de_Saint_Jean_le_Baptiste_%C3%A0_Amiens.jpg/170px-Le_chef_de_Saint_Jean_le_Baptiste_%C3%A0_Amiens.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="207" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Le_chef_de_Saint_Jean_le_Baptiste_%C3%A0_Amiens.jpg/255px-Le_chef_de_Saint_Jean_le_Baptiste_%C3%A0_Amiens.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Le_chef_de_Saint_Jean_le_Baptiste_%C3%A0_Amiens.jpg/340px-Le_chef_de_Saint_Jean_le_Baptiste_%C3%A0_Amiens.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cath%C3%A9drale_Notre-Dame_d%27Amiens?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cathédrale Notre-Dame d'Amiens">Cathédrale d'Amiens</a>, le chef de saint Jean Baptiste dans son reliquaire, œuvre de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Placide_Poussielgue-Rusand?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Placide Poussielgue-Rusand">Placide Poussielgue-Rusand</a> (1876). </figcaption> </figure> <p>L'auteur anonyme (probablement un clerc séculier) de <i>La Vie Saint Jehan-Baptiste</i> en 1322 rapporte que dès l'origine, la tête du saint n'a pas été inhumée avec ses os. De plus, l'histoire des trois <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Invention_de_reliques?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Invention de reliques">inventions</a> du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chef_(t%C3%AAte_d%27un_mort)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chef (tête d'un mort)">chef</a> de Jean le Baptiste est assez confuse à cause du nombre des informations divergentes fournies par des sources de différentes époques<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-107"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>85<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. La divergence de ces traditions hagiographiques explique que de nombreuses églises ont revendiqué détenir comme <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Autres_principes_de_classification" title="Relique">relique insigne</a> tout ou partie de la tête de Jean Baptiste<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-108"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>86<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>&nbsp;:</p> <ul> <li>église Saint-Jean-Baptiste de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hebdomon?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hebdomon">Hebdomon</a> à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Constantinople?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a><sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-109"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>N 8<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Cette relique fut enlevée par les croisés en 1206 et transportée à Amiens, en France.</li> <li>monastère de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Saint-Yvan?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Île Saint-Yvan">île Saint-Yvan</a> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bulgarie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bulgarie">Bulgarie</a>).</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Italie">Italie</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Jean_le_Baptiste&amp;action=edit&amp;section=24&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Italie" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Basilique_San_Silvestro_in_Capite?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Basilique San Silvestro in Capite">Basilique San Silvestro in Capite</a> de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rome?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rome">Rome</a>&nbsp;: relique de la tête de saint Jean-Baptiste, apportée à Rome par des moines grecs. Elle fut déplacée dans cette basilique au XIIe siècle par le pape <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Innocent_II?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Innocent II">Innocent II</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cath%C3%A9drale_San_Lorenzo_de_G%C3%AAnes?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Cathédrale San Lorenzo de Gênes">Cathédrale San Lorenzo de Gênes</a>&nbsp;: chapelle contenant l'urne des cendres de saint Jean-Baptiste.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="France">France</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Jean_le_Baptiste&amp;action=edit&amp;section=25&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : France" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cath%C3%A9drale_Notre-Dame_d%27Amiens?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cathédrale Notre-Dame d'Amiens">Cathédrale Notre-Dame d'Amiens</a>, le chef supposé de Jean Baptiste fut rapporté à Amiens par un croisé, chanoine de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Picquigny?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Picquigny">Picquigny</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wallon_de_Sarton?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wallon de Sarton">Wallon de Sarton</a>, en 1206.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Abbaye_royale_de_Saint-Jean-d%27Ang%C3%A9ly?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Abbaye royale de Saint-Jean-d'Angély">Abbaye royale de Saint-Jean-d'Angély</a>, vers 1015, un crâne est découvert et attribué à Jean Baptiste, saint patron de l'abbaye. Cependant <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ad%C3%A9mar_de_Chabannes?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Adémar de Chabannes">Adémar de Chabannes</a>, contemporain des événements qui en a fait la relation, s'est fait l'écho de réticences que cette attribution suscitait parmi les clercs.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Syrie">Syrie</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Jean_le_Baptiste&amp;action=edit&amp;section=26&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Syrie" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grande_Mosqu%C3%A9e_des_Omeyyades?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Grande Mosquée des Omeyyades">Grande Mosquée des Omeyyades</a> à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Damas?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Damas">Damas</a>&nbsp;: <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Reliquaire?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Reliquaire">reliquaire</a> du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chef_(t%C3%AAte_d%27un_mort)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chef (tête d'un mort)">chef</a> de Jean-Baptiste, connu dans l'Islam comme le prophète Yahyâ ibn Zakariya (c'est-à-dire Jean fils de Zacharie).</li> <li>Mosquée d'al-Nouri d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Homs?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Homs">Homs</a><sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-110"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>87<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Les_doigts_de_Jean_Baptiste">Les doigts de Jean Baptiste</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Jean_le_Baptiste&amp;action=edit&amp;section=27&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Les doigts de Jean Baptiste" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li>Selon <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gr%C3%A9goire_de_Tours?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grégoire de Tours">Grégoire de Tours</a> (<i>De muliere quæ obtinuit pollicem Joannis Baptistæ…</i>), une femme, non nommée, originaire de la ville de Maurienna (Saint Jean-de-Maurienne aujourd'hui), partit à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alexandrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alexandrie">Alexandrie</a>, en Égypte, vers 550, pour rechercher des reliques de Saint Jean le Baptiste<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-111"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>88<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> et en rapporta un pouce (un don de Dieu), à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne">Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne</a>. Cette femme reçut plus tard dans les sources le nom de Tygris, puis de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Th%C3%A8cle_de_Valloire?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Thècle de Valloire">sainte Thècle</a><sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-112"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>89<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-113"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>90<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> Le pouce deviendra le doigt qui a montré le Seigneur puis deux doigts, comme représentés par la stalle de Thècle dans la cathédrale de Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne, et enfin, les trois doigts de la main droite. Ces reliques sont conservées dans un reliquaire dans la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cath%C3%A9drale_Saint-Jean-Baptiste_de_Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cathédrale Saint-Jean-Baptiste de Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne">cathédrale Saint-Jean-Baptiste de Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne</a>&nbsp;;</li> <li>un doigt de Jean figure dans le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tr%C3%A9sor_de_Saint-Jean-du-Doigt?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Reliquaire_du_doigt_de_saint_Jean_Baptiste" title="Trésor de Saint-Jean-du-Doigt">trésor de Saint-Jean-du-Doigt</a>. Suivant les histoires, Sainte Thècle rapporta un des doigts en Normandie, où un breton vola la relique pour la rapporter à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint-Jean-du-Doigt?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Saint-Jean-du-Doigt">Saint-Jean-du-Doigt</a> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Finist%C3%A8re?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Finistère">Finistère</a>) où se produisirent de nombreux miracles. D'après <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Albert_le_Grand?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Albert le Grand">Albert le Grand</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anne_de_Bretagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anne de Bretagne">Anne de Bretagne</a> fit pèlerinage à Saint-Jean-du-Doigt pour guérir son œil malade<sup id="cite_ref-auzas_114-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-auzas-114"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>91<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>&nbsp;;</li> <li>un autre doigt se trouve à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malte?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Malte">Malte</a><sup id="cite_ref-auzas_114-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-auzas-114"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>91<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Principales_églises"><span id="Principales_.C3.A9glises"></span>Principales églises</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Jean_le_Baptiste&amp;action=edit&amp;section=28&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Principales églises" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe"> Article détaillé&nbsp;: <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cath%C3%A9drale_Saint-Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Cathédrale Saint-Jean-Baptiste">Cathédrale Saint-Jean-Baptiste</a>. </div> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Basilique_Saint-Jean-de-Latran?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Basilique Saint-Jean-de-Latran">Basilique Saint-Jean-de-Latran</a> de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rome?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rome">Rome</a>&nbsp;;</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89glise_Saint-Jean-Baptiste_de_J%C3%A9rusalem?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Église Saint-Jean-Baptiste de Jérusalem">église Saint-Jean-Baptiste de Jérusalem</a>&nbsp;;</li> <li>St John the Baptist of <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Coventry?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Coventry">Coventry</a>&nbsp;;</li> <li>San Giovanni Battista di <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cesena?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cesena">Cesena</a> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cath%C3%A9drale?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cathédrale">cathédrale</a>)&nbsp;;</li> <li>San Giovanni Battista de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rimini?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rimini">Rimini</a> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cath%C3%A9drale?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cathédrale">cathédrale</a>)&nbsp;;</li> <li>San Giovanni Battista de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Turin?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Turin">Turin</a> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cath%C3%A9drale?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cathédrale">cathédrale</a>)&nbsp;;</li> <li>Saint-Jean-Baptiste d’<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Audresselles?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Audresselles">Audresselles</a> (Pas-de-Calais)&nbsp;;</li> <li>Saint-Jean-Baptiste de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kamie%C5%84_Pomorski?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kamień Pomorski">Kamień Pomorski</a> (cathédrale)&nbsp;;</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cath%C3%A9drale_arm%C3%A9nienne_Saint-Jean-Baptiste_de_Paris?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Cathédrale arménienne Saint-Jean-Baptiste de Paris">Saint-Jean-Baptiste</a> de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paris?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paris">Paris</a> (cathédrale apostolique arménienne)&nbsp;;</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89glise_Saint-Jean_de_Ch%C3%A2lons-en-Champagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Église Saint-Jean de Châlons-en-Champagne">Saint-Jean-Baptiste</a> de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ch%C3%A2lons-en-Champagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Châlons-en-Champagne">Châlons-en-Champagne</a>&nbsp;;</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cath%C3%A9drale_Saint-Jean-Baptiste_de_Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cathédrale Saint-Jean-Baptiste de Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne">Cathédrale Saint-Jean-Baptiste</a> de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne">Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne</a>&nbsp;;</li> <li>pour les cathédrales du même nom, voir&nbsp;: <span class="page_h"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cath%C3%A9drale_Saint-Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Cathédrale Saint-Jean-Baptiste">cathédrale Saint-Jean-Baptiste</a></span>&nbsp;;</li> <li>également les édifices portant le nom de <span class="page_h"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baptist%C3%A8re_Saint-Jean?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Baptistère Saint-Jean">baptistère Saint-Jean</a></span>.</li> <li>Église Saint-Jean-Baptiste située à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Montcombroux-les-Mines?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Montcombroux-les-Mines">Montcombroux-les-Mines</a> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Allier_(d%C3%A9partement)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Allier (département)">Allier</a>).</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89glise_Saint-Jean-Baptiste_de_Neuilly-sur-Seine?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Église Saint-Jean-Baptiste de Neuilly-sur-Seine">Église Saint-Jean-Baptiste de Neuilly-sur-Seine</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89glise_Saint-Jean-Baptiste_de_Roubaix?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Église Saint-Jean-Baptiste de Roubaix">Église Saint-Jean-Baptiste de Roubaix</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cath%C3%A9drale_Saint-Jean-Baptiste_de_Bazas?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cathédrale Saint-Jean-Baptiste de Bazas">Cathédrale Saint-Jean-Baptiste de Bazas</a> (Gironde)</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primatiale_Saint-Jean_de_Lyon?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Primatiale Saint-Jean de Lyon">Primatiale Saint-Jean de Lyon</a></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Jean_le_Baptiste_dans_l'islam"><span id="Jean_le_Baptiste_dans_l.27islam"></span>Jean le Baptiste dans l'islam</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Jean_le_Baptiste&amp;action=edit&amp;section=29&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Jean le Baptiste dans l'islam" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <p>Comme dans la tradition chrétienne, dans le Coran (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/VIIe_si%C3%A8cle?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="VIIe siècle"><abbr class="abbr" title="7ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">VII</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr>&nbsp;siècle</a>), Jean le Baptiste («&nbsp;Yahyâ&nbsp;», يحيى en arabe) et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/J%C3%A9sus_de_Nazareth?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jésus de Nazareth">Jésus</a> («&nbsp;ʿĪsā&nbsp;», عيسى) sont cousins.</p> <p>Le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Coran?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Coran">Coran</a> décrit Jean le Baptiste (Yahyâ, en arabe) comme un prophète d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Allah?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Allah">Allah</a> envoyé à son peuple. Il apparaît, dans le Coran, comme prédestiné à l'ascèse et à la «&nbsp;vertu absolue&nbsp;»<sup id="cite_ref-:0_115-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:0-115"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>92<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Le Coran raconte sa naissance, d'un père âgé et d'une mère stérile. D'après les exégètes, il reçoit en particulier de Dieu la tendresse, la pureté et la piété<sup id="cite_ref-:0_115-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:0-115"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>92<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Sa mort est évoquée dans les histoires des Prophètes avec des variantes par rapport aux récits évangéliques, les auteurs rajoutant une jalousie amoureuse de la femme du roi. Certains récits concluent sur la punition du roi, celle-ci étant l'invasion de Babylone par Nabuchodonosor. Les historiens soulignent l'anachronisme historique de ces récits<sup id="cite_ref-:0_115-2" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:0-115"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>92<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Shrine_of_John_the_Baptist,_Great_Umayyid_Mosque,_Damascus.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Shrine_of_John_the_Baptist%2C_Great_Umayyid_Mosque%2C_Damascus.jpg/260px-Shrine_of_John_the_Baptist%2C_Great_Umayyid_Mosque%2C_Damascus.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="173" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1995"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 260px;height: 173px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Shrine_of_John_the_Baptist%2C_Great_Umayyid_Mosque%2C_Damascus.jpg/260px-Shrine_of_John_the_Baptist%2C_Great_Umayyid_Mosque%2C_Damascus.jpg" data-width="260" data-height="173" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Shrine_of_John_the_Baptist%2C_Great_Umayyid_Mosque%2C_Damascus.jpg/390px-Shrine_of_John_the_Baptist%2C_Great_Umayyid_Mosque%2C_Damascus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Shrine_of_John_the_Baptist%2C_Great_Umayyid_Mosque%2C_Damascus.jpg/520px-Shrine_of_John_the_Baptist%2C_Great_Umayyid_Mosque%2C_Damascus.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Le reliquaire de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grande_Mosqu%C3%A9e_des_Omeyyades?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Grande Mosquée des Omeyyades">Grande Mosquée des Omeyyades</a> à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Damas?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Damas">Damas</a> qui, selon la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tradition?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tradition">tradition</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Musulman?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Musulman">musulmane</a>, contient la tête de Jean le Baptiste. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Au verset 7 de la sourate 19, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Allah?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Allah">Allah</a> dit&nbsp;: «&nbsp;Son nom sera <i>Yahya</i>. Nous ne lui avons pas donné auparavant d'homonyme.&nbsp;» Pour Pierre Lory, «&nbsp;Le Coran insiste sur le nom donné à l'enfant, nom qu'il serait le premier à porter. Il y a là sans doute un écho à l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89vangile_selon_Luc?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Évangile selon Luc">Évangile de Luc</a><sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-116"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>v 14<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Faut-il voir dans la tendresse (<i>hanân</i>&nbsp;; sourate 19, verset 3) que lui accorde Dieu une allusion à son nom hébraïque Yohanan&nbsp;? Quoi qu'il en soit, le nom coranique de Jean, Yahyâ, évoque des connotations très particulières, la racine h. y. y. signifiant la vie<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-117"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>93<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.&nbsp;»</p> <p>Les auteurs musulmans ont beaucoup écrit sur Jean-Baptiste. Décrit dans le Coran comme devant annoncer une «&nbsp;parole venant de Dieu&nbsp;», il est, pour les exégètes l'annonciateur de la venue de Jésus, lui-même considéré comme la Parole de Dieu. Selon certains récits, il se prosternait devant Jésus avant sa naissance<sup id="cite_ref-:0_115-3" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:0-115"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>92<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Jean-Baptiste, ascète par excellence, est le prophète qui n'a jamais péché. Un hadith dit&nbsp;: «&nbsp;Chaque prophète a transgressé ou a eu envie de le faire, excepté Jean, qui n'a ni péché, ni eu envie de le faire.&nbsp;» Un autre dit&nbsp;: «&nbsp;Tous les fils d'Adam comparaîtront au jour de la Résurrection en ayant commis des péchés, sauf Jean fils de Zacharie<sup id="cite_ref-:0_115-4" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:0-115"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>92<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.&nbsp;» Ainsi, les auteurs évoquent en particulier son abstinence sexuelle même si ce point fait débat, l'islam déconseillant le célibat. Pour certains auteurs, Jean le Baptiste n'aurait pas pu physiquement ressentir le désir, tandis que d'autres refusent qu'un prophète puisse avoir un tel défaut physique<sup id="cite_ref-:0_115-5" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:0-115"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>92<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Jean-Baptiste fait partie avec <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zacharie_(p%C3%A8re_de_Jean_le_Baptiste)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zacharie (père de Jean le Baptiste)">Zacharie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Maryam?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Maryam">Maryam</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%CA%BF%C4%AAs%C4%81?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ʿĪsā">'Isâ</a> de la "<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%27%C3%8Emran?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="'Îmran">famille d'Imran</a>"<sup id="cite_ref-:0_115-6" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:0-115"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>92<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Jean_le_Baptiste_dans_les_arts">Jean le Baptiste dans les arts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Jean_le_Baptiste&amp;action=edit&amp;section=30&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Jean le Baptiste dans les arts" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe"> Article détaillé&nbsp;: <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Repr%C3%A9sentation_artistique_de_Jean_le_Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Représentation artistique de Jean le Baptiste">Représentation artistique de Jean le Baptiste</a>. </div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="En_musique">En musique</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Jean_le_Baptiste&amp;action=edit&amp;section=31&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : En musique" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alessandro_Stradella?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alessandro Stradella">Alessandro Stradella</a>, oratorio <i>San Giovanni Battista</i>, 1673.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Louis-Nicolas_Cl%C3%A9rambault?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Louis-Nicolas Clérambault">Louis-Nicolas Clérambault</a>, <i>Motets pour Saint Jean Baptiste,</i> en sol majeur, opus 76 et en ré majeur, opus 126.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Richard_Strauss?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Richard Strauss">Richard Strauss</a>, opéra <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Salome_(op%C3%A9ra)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Salome (opéra)">Salome</a>, 1905.</i></li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="En_peinture">En peinture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Jean_le_Baptiste&amp;action=edit&amp;section=32&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : En peinture" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 119.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 117.33333333333px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:(Venice)_Saint_Jean_Baptist_by_Venetian_painter_active_in_the_Crusader_Kingdoms_of_Palestine_-_Correr_Museum.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Saint Jean Baptiste, XIIIe&nbsp;siècle. Musée Correr (Venise)."> <noscript> <img alt="Saint Jean Baptiste, XIIIe&nbsp;siècle. Musée Correr (Venise)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/%28Venice%29_Saint_Jean_Baptist_by_Venetian_painter_active_in_the_Crusader_Kingdoms_of_Palestine_-_Correr_Museum.jpg/176px-%28Venice%29_Saint_Jean_Baptist_by_Venetian_painter_active_in_the_Crusader_Kingdoms_of_Palestine_-_Correr_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="118" height="160" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5232" data-file-height="7128"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 118px;height: 160px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/%28Venice%29_Saint_Jean_Baptist_by_Venetian_painter_active_in_the_Crusader_Kingdoms_of_Palestine_-_Correr_Museum.jpg/176px-%28Venice%29_Saint_Jean_Baptist_by_Venetian_painter_active_in_the_Crusader_Kingdoms_of_Palestine_-_Correr_Museum.jpg" data-alt="Saint Jean Baptiste, XIIIe&nbsp;siècle. Musée Correr (Venise)." data-width="118" data-height="160" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/%28Venice%29_Saint_Jean_Baptist_by_Venetian_painter_active_in_the_Crusader_Kingdoms_of_Palestine_-_Correr_Museum.jpg/264px-%28Venice%29_Saint_Jean_Baptist_by_Venetian_painter_active_in_the_Crusader_Kingdoms_of_Palestine_-_Correr_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/%28Venice%29_Saint_Jean_Baptist_by_Venetian_painter_active_in_the_Crusader_Kingdoms_of_Palestine_-_Correr_Museum.jpg/352px-%28Venice%29_Saint_Jean_Baptist_by_Venetian_painter_active_in_the_Crusader_Kingdoms_of_Palestine_-_Correr_Museum.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <i>Saint Jean Baptiste</i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="13ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XIII</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr>&nbsp;siècle. <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_Correr?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Musée Correr">Musée Correr</a> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Venise?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Venise">Venise</a>). </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 132.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130.66666666667px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Sandro_Botticelli_002.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Saint Jean Baptiste, par Sandro Botticelli (v. 1490)."> <noscript> <img alt="Saint Jean Baptiste, par Sandro Botticelli (v. 1490)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Sandro_Botticelli_002.jpg/196px-Sandro_Botticelli_002.jpg" decoding="async" width="131" height="160" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2024" data-file-height="2478"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 131px;height: 160px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Sandro_Botticelli_002.jpg/196px-Sandro_Botticelli_002.jpg" data-alt="Saint Jean Baptiste, par Sandro Botticelli (v. 1490)." data-width="131" data-height="160" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Sandro_Botticelli_002.jpg/294px-Sandro_Botticelli_002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Sandro_Botticelli_002.jpg/392px-Sandro_Botticelli_002.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <i>Saint Jean Baptiste</i>, par <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sandro_Botticelli?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sandro Botticelli">Sandro Botticelli</a> (v. 1490). </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 109.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 107.33333333333px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Accademia_-_St_John_the_Baptist_by_Titian_Cat314.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="par Titien (1542)."> <noscript> <img alt="par Titien (1542)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Accademia_-_St_John_the_Baptist_by_Titian_Cat314.jpg/161px-Accademia_-_St_John_the_Baptist_by_Titian_Cat314.jpg" decoding="async" width="108" height="160" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4319" data-file-height="6413"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 108px;height: 160px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Accademia_-_St_John_the_Baptist_by_Titian_Cat314.jpg/161px-Accademia_-_St_John_the_Baptist_by_Titian_Cat314.jpg" data-alt="par Titien (1542)." data-width="108" data-height="160" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Accademia_-_St_John_the_Baptist_by_Titian_Cat314.jpg/242px-Accademia_-_St_John_the_Baptist_by_Titian_Cat314.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Accademia_-_St_John_the_Baptist_by_Titian_Cat314.jpg/323px-Accademia_-_St_John_the_Baptist_by_Titian_Cat314.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> par <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Titien?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Titien">Titien</a> (1542). </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 130.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 128.66666666667px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Angelo_Bronzino_032.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Saint Jean Baptiste, par Bronzino (1553)."> <noscript> <img alt="Saint Jean Baptiste, par Bronzino (1553)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Angelo_Bronzino_032.jpg/193px-Angelo_Bronzino_032.jpg" decoding="async" width="129" height="160" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1256" data-file-height="1560"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 129px;height: 160px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Angelo_Bronzino_032.jpg/193px-Angelo_Bronzino_032.jpg" data-alt="Saint Jean Baptiste, par Bronzino (1553)." data-width="129" data-height="160" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Angelo_Bronzino_032.jpg/290px-Angelo_Bronzino_032.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Angelo_Bronzino_032.jpg/386px-Angelo_Bronzino_032.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <i>Saint Jean Baptiste</i>, par <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bronzino?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bronzino">Bronzino</a> (1553). </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 130.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 128.66666666667px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Paolo_Veronese_017.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Prédication de Jean-Baptiste, par Paul Véronèse (1562)."> <noscript> <img alt="Prédication de Jean-Baptiste, par Paul Véronèse (1562)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Paolo_Veronese_017.jpg/193px-Paolo_Veronese_017.jpg" decoding="async" width="129" height="160" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="776" data-file-height="963"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 129px;height: 160px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Paolo_Veronese_017.jpg/193px-Paolo_Veronese_017.jpg" data-alt="Prédication de Jean-Baptiste, par Paul Véronèse (1562)." data-width="129" data-height="160" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Paolo_Veronese_017.jpg/290px-Paolo_Veronese_017.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Paolo_Veronese_017.jpg/387px-Paolo_Veronese_017.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9dication_de_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prédication de Jean-Baptiste">Prédication de Jean-Baptiste</a></i>, par <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paul_V%C3%A9ron%C3%A8se?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paul Véronèse">Paul Véronèse</a> (1562). </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 120.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 118.66666666667px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Michelangelo_Merisi_da_Caravaggio,_Saint_John_the_Baptist_(Youth_with_a_Ram)_(c._1602,_Yorck_Project).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Saint Jean Baptiste, par Le Caravage (1597-1598)."> <noscript> <img alt="Saint Jean Baptiste, par Le Caravage (1597-1598)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Michelangelo_Merisi_da_Caravaggio%2C_Saint_John_the_Baptist_%28Youth_with_a_Ram%29_%28c._1602%2C_Yorck_Project%29.jpg/178px-Michelangelo_Merisi_da_Caravaggio%2C_Saint_John_the_Baptist_%28Youth_with_a_Ram%29_%28c._1602%2C_Yorck_Project%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="119" height="160" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2024" data-file-height="2734"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 119px;height: 160px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Michelangelo_Merisi_da_Caravaggio%2C_Saint_John_the_Baptist_%28Youth_with_a_Ram%29_%28c._1602%2C_Yorck_Project%29.jpg/178px-Michelangelo_Merisi_da_Caravaggio%2C_Saint_John_the_Baptist_%28Youth_with_a_Ram%29_%28c._1602%2C_Yorck_Project%29.jpg" data-alt="Saint Jean Baptiste, par Le Caravage (1597-1598)." data-width="119" data-height="160" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Michelangelo_Merisi_da_Caravaggio%2C_Saint_John_the_Baptist_%28Youth_with_a_Ram%29_%28c._1602%2C_Yorck_Project%29.jpg/266px-Michelangelo_Merisi_da_Caravaggio%2C_Saint_John_the_Baptist_%28Youth_with_a_Ram%29_%28c._1602%2C_Yorck_Project%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Michelangelo_Merisi_da_Caravaggio%2C_Saint_John_the_Baptist_%28Youth_with_a_Ram%29_%28c._1602%2C_Yorck_Project%29.jpg/355px-Michelangelo_Merisi_da_Caravaggio%2C_Saint_John_the_Baptist_%28Youth_with_a_Ram%29_%28c._1602%2C_Yorck_Project%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <i>Saint Jean Baptiste</i>, par <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Le_Caravage?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Le Caravage">Le Caravage</a> (1597-1598). </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 97.333333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 95.333333333333px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:El_Greco_Saint_Jean_Baptiste.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="par Le Greco (v. 1600-1605)."> <noscript> <img alt="par Le Greco (v. 1600-1605)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/El_Greco_Saint_Jean_Baptiste.jpg/143px-El_Greco_Saint_Jean_Baptiste.jpg" decoding="async" width="96" height="160" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1123" data-file-height="1884"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 96px;height: 160px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/El_Greco_Saint_Jean_Baptiste.jpg/143px-El_Greco_Saint_Jean_Baptiste.jpg" data-alt="par Le Greco (v. 1600-1605)." data-width="96" data-height="160" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/El_Greco_Saint_Jean_Baptiste.jpg/214px-El_Greco_Saint_Jean_Baptiste.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/El_Greco_Saint_Jean_Baptiste.jpg/286px-El_Greco_Saint_Jean_Baptiste.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> par <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Le_Greco?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Le Greco">Le Greco</a> (v. 1600-1605). </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 133.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 131.33333333333px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Guido_Reni_040.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Saint Jean Baptiste, par Guido Reni (1635-1640)."> <noscript> <img alt="Saint Jean Baptiste, par Guido Reni (1635-1640)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Guido_Reni_040.jpg/197px-Guido_Reni_040.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="160" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2024" data-file-height="2469"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 132px;height: 160px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Guido_Reni_040.jpg/197px-Guido_Reni_040.jpg" data-alt="Saint Jean Baptiste, par Guido Reni (1635-1640)." data-width="132" data-height="160" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Guido_Reni_040.jpg/295px-Guido_Reni_040.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Guido_Reni_040.jpg/393px-Guido_Reni_040.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <i>Saint Jean Baptiste</i>, par <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guido_Reni?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guido Reni">Guido Reni</a> (1635-1640). </div></li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="En_sculpture">En sculpture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Jean_le_Baptiste&amp;action=edit&amp;section=33&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : En sculpture" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 122px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Paul_Dubois_Saint_Jean-Baptiste.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Saint Jean-Baptiste enfant (1861), musée d'Orsay, Paris[94]."> <noscript> <img alt="Saint Jean-Baptiste enfant (1861), musée d'Orsay, Paris[94]." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Paul_Dubois_Saint_Jean-Baptiste.jpg/180px-Paul_Dubois_Saint_Jean-Baptiste.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="160" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 160px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Paul_Dubois_Saint_Jean-Baptiste.jpg/180px-Paul_Dubois_Saint_Jean-Baptiste.jpg" data-alt="Saint Jean-Baptiste enfant (1861), musée d'Orsay, Paris[94]." data-width="120" data-height="160" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Paul_Dubois_Saint_Jean-Baptiste.jpg/270px-Paul_Dubois_Saint_Jean-Baptiste.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Paul_Dubois_Saint_Jean-Baptiste.jpg/360px-Paul_Dubois_Saint_Jean-Baptiste.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <i>Saint Jean-Baptiste enfant</i> (1861), <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_d%27Orsay?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Musée d'Orsay">musée d'Orsay</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paris?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paris">Paris</a><sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-118"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>94<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 103.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 101.33333333333px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Hans_Multscher_Hl._Johannes_der_Taeufer_um_1456-59-2.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Jean le Baptiste, par Hans Multscher (1456), Bayerisches Nationalmuseum, Munich."> <noscript> <img alt="Jean le Baptiste, par Hans Multscher (1456), Bayerisches Nationalmuseum, Munich." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Hans_Multscher_Hl._Johannes_der_Taeufer_um_1456-59-2.jpg/152px-Hans_Multscher_Hl._Johannes_der_Taeufer_um_1456-59-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="102" height="160" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2264" data-file-height="3576"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 102px;height: 160px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Hans_Multscher_Hl._Johannes_der_Taeufer_um_1456-59-2.jpg/152px-Hans_Multscher_Hl._Johannes_der_Taeufer_um_1456-59-2.jpg" data-alt="Jean le Baptiste, par Hans Multscher (1456), Bayerisches Nationalmuseum, Munich." data-width="102" data-height="160" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Hans_Multscher_Hl._Johannes_der_Taeufer_um_1456-59-2.jpg/228px-Hans_Multscher_Hl._Johannes_der_Taeufer_um_1456-59-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Hans_Multscher_Hl._Johannes_der_Taeufer_um_1456-59-2.jpg/304px-Hans_Multscher_Hl._Johannes_der_Taeufer_um_1456-59-2.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <i>Jean le Baptiste</i>, par <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hans_Multscher?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hans Multscher">Hans Multscher</a> (1456), <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bayerisches_Nationalmuseum?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bayerisches Nationalmuseum">Bayerisches Nationalmuseum</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Munich?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Munich">Munich</a>. </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 81.333333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 79.333333333333px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Chateauneuf_-_Eglise_-_Saint-Jean-Baptiste.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Statue du XVe&nbsp;siècle, église de Châteauneuf-en-Auxois (Côte-d'Or, France)."> <noscript> <img alt="Statue du XVe&nbsp;siècle, église de Châteauneuf-en-Auxois (Côte-d'Or, France)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Chateauneuf_-_Eglise_-_Saint-Jean-Baptiste.jpg/119px-Chateauneuf_-_Eglise_-_Saint-Jean-Baptiste.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="160" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1140" data-file-height="2296"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 80px;height: 160px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Chateauneuf_-_Eglise_-_Saint-Jean-Baptiste.jpg/119px-Chateauneuf_-_Eglise_-_Saint-Jean-Baptiste.jpg" data-alt="Statue du XVe&nbsp;siècle, église de Châteauneuf-en-Auxois (Côte-d'Or, France)." data-width="80" data-height="160" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Chateauneuf_-_Eglise_-_Saint-Jean-Baptiste.jpg/178px-Chateauneuf_-_Eglise_-_Saint-Jean-Baptiste.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Chateauneuf_-_Eglise_-_Saint-Jean-Baptiste.jpg/238px-Chateauneuf_-_Eglise_-_Saint-Jean-Baptiste.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> Statue du <abbr class="abbr" title="15ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XV</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr>&nbsp;siècle, église de Châteauneuf-en-Auxois (Côte-d'Or, France). </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 108px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 106px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:St_Jean_Baptiste-Donatello-Sienne.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Statue par Donatello, dôme de Sienne."> <noscript> <img alt="Statue par Donatello, dôme de Sienne." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/St_Jean_Baptiste-Donatello-Sienne.jpg/159px-St_Jean_Baptiste-Donatello-Sienne.jpg" decoding="async" width="106" height="160" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="1356"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 106px;height: 160px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/St_Jean_Baptiste-Donatello-Sienne.jpg/159px-St_Jean_Baptiste-Donatello-Sienne.jpg" data-alt="Statue par Donatello, dôme de Sienne." data-width="106" data-height="160" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/St_Jean_Baptiste-Donatello-Sienne.jpg/239px-St_Jean_Baptiste-Donatello-Sienne.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/St_Jean_Baptiste-Donatello-Sienne.jpg/318px-St_Jean_Baptiste-Donatello-Sienne.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> Statue par <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Donatello?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Donatello">Donatello</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cath%C3%A9drale_Santa_Maria_Assunta_de_Sienne?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cathédrale Santa Maria Assunta de Sienne">dôme de Sienne</a>. </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 101.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 99.333333333333px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Frari_(Venice)_Chapel_Corner_-_Statue_of_St._John_the_Baptist_by_Jacopo_Sansovino.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Par Jacopo Sansovino."> <noscript> <img alt="Par Jacopo Sansovino." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Frari_%28Venice%29_Chapel_Corner_-_Statue_of_St._John_the_Baptist_by_Jacopo_Sansovino.jpg/149px-Frari_%28Venice%29_Chapel_Corner_-_Statue_of_St._John_the_Baptist_by_Jacopo_Sansovino.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="160" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3542" data-file-height="5699"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 160px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Frari_%28Venice%29_Chapel_Corner_-_Statue_of_St._John_the_Baptist_by_Jacopo_Sansovino.jpg/149px-Frari_%28Venice%29_Chapel_Corner_-_Statue_of_St._John_the_Baptist_by_Jacopo_Sansovino.jpg" data-alt="Par Jacopo Sansovino." data-width="100" data-height="160" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Frari_%28Venice%29_Chapel_Corner_-_Statue_of_St._John_the_Baptist_by_Jacopo_Sansovino.jpg/224px-Frari_%28Venice%29_Chapel_Corner_-_Statue_of_St._John_the_Baptist_by_Jacopo_Sansovino.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Frari_%28Venice%29_Chapel_Corner_-_Statue_of_St._John_the_Baptist_by_Jacopo_Sansovino.jpg/298px-Frari_%28Venice%29_Chapel_Corner_-_Statue_of_St._John_the_Baptist_by_Jacopo_Sansovino.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> Par <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jacopo_Sansovino?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jacopo Sansovino">Jacopo Sansovino</a>. </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 122px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Holy_Trinity_Column_-_John_the_Baptist.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Au pied de la colonne de la Sainte-Trinité à Olomouc (République tchèque)."> <noscript> <img alt="Au pied de la colonne de la Sainte-Trinité à Olomouc (République tchèque)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Holy_Trinity_Column_-_John_the_Baptist.jpg/180px-Holy_Trinity_Column_-_John_the_Baptist.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="160" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1728" data-file-height="2304"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 160px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Holy_Trinity_Column_-_John_the_Baptist.jpg/180px-Holy_Trinity_Column_-_John_the_Baptist.jpg" data-alt="Au pied de la colonne de la Sainte-Trinité à Olomouc (République tchèque)." data-width="120" data-height="160" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Holy_Trinity_Column_-_John_the_Baptist.jpg/270px-Holy_Trinity_Column_-_John_the_Baptist.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Holy_Trinity_Column_-_John_the_Baptist.jpg/360px-Holy_Trinity_Column_-_John_the_Baptist.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> Au pied de la colonne de la Sainte-Trinité à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Olomouc?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Olomouc">Olomouc</a> (République tchèque). </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 82.666666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 80.666666666667px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:St-John-the-Baptist-Preaching.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Saint Jean Baptiste, par Auguste Rodin, 1878 (musée d'Orsay)."> <noscript> <img alt="Saint Jean Baptiste, par Auguste Rodin, 1878 (musée d'Orsay)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/St-John-the-Baptist-Preaching.jpg/121px-St-John-the-Baptist-Preaching.jpg" decoding="async" width="81" height="160" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="568" data-file-height="1120"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 81px;height: 160px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/St-John-the-Baptist-Preaching.jpg/121px-St-John-the-Baptist-Preaching.jpg" data-alt="Saint Jean Baptiste, par Auguste Rodin, 1878 (musée d'Orsay)." data-width="81" data-height="160" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/St-John-the-Baptist-Preaching.jpg/182px-St-John-the-Baptist-Preaching.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/St-John-the-Baptist-Preaching.jpg/243px-St-John-the-Baptist-Preaching.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean_Baptiste_(Rodin)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Saint Jean Baptiste (Rodin)">Saint Jean Baptiste</a></i>, par <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Auguste_Rodin?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Auguste Rodin">Auguste Rodin</a>, 1878 (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_d%27Orsay?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Musée d'Orsay">musée d'Orsay</a>). </div></li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Cathédrale_d'Amiens"><span id="Cath.C3.A9drale_d.27Amiens"></span>Cathédrale d'Amiens</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Jean_le_Baptiste&amp;action=edit&amp;section=34&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Cathédrale d'Amiens" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerycaption">Médaillons et bas-reliefs sur la clôture du chœur de la cathédrale d'Amiens</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 242.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 240.66666666667px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Amiens_relief_st_jean_batiste08.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Quatre disciples procèdent à l'inhumation de Baptiste devant Sébaste."> <noscript> <img alt="Quatre disciples procèdent à l'inhumation de Baptiste devant Sébaste." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Amiens_relief_st_jean_batiste08.jpg/361px-Amiens_relief_st_jean_batiste08.jpg" decoding="async" width="241" height="160" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="6072" data-file-height="4040"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 241px;height: 160px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Amiens_relief_st_jean_batiste08.jpg/361px-Amiens_relief_st_jean_batiste08.jpg" data-alt="Quatre disciples procèdent à l'inhumation de Baptiste devant Sébaste." data-width="241" data-height="160" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Amiens_relief_st_jean_batiste08.jpg/541px-Amiens_relief_st_jean_batiste08.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Amiens_relief_st_jean_batiste08.jpg/722px-Amiens_relief_st_jean_batiste08.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> Quatre disciples procèdent à l'inhumation de Baptiste devant Sébaste. </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 242.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 240.66666666667px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Amiens_relief_st_jean_batiste09.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="La tombe attire des infirmes qui obtiennent une guérison miraculeuse (cf. béquilles suspendues)."> <noscript> <img alt="La tombe attire des infirmes qui obtiennent une guérison miraculeuse (cf. béquilles suspendues)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Amiens_relief_st_jean_batiste09.jpg/361px-Amiens_relief_st_jean_batiste09.jpg" decoding="async" width="241" height="160" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="6072" data-file-height="4040"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 241px;height: 160px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Amiens_relief_st_jean_batiste09.jpg/361px-Amiens_relief_st_jean_batiste09.jpg" data-alt="La tombe attire des infirmes qui obtiennent une guérison miraculeuse (cf. béquilles suspendues)." data-width="241" data-height="160" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Amiens_relief_st_jean_batiste09.jpg/541px-Amiens_relief_st_jean_batiste09.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Amiens_relief_st_jean_batiste09.jpg/722px-Amiens_relief_st_jean_batiste09.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> La tombe attire des infirmes qui obtiennent une guérison miraculeuse (<i>cf.</i> béquilles suspendues). </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 213.33333333333px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Amiens_cathedral_025.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="La tête de Baptiste apportée à la table d'Hérodiade[95] après sa décapitation."> <noscript> <img alt="La tête de Baptiste apportée à la table d'Hérodiade[95] après sa décapitation." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Amiens_cathedral_025.JPG/320px-Amiens_cathedral_025.JPG" decoding="async" width="214" height="160" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="900"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 214px;height: 160px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Amiens_cathedral_025.JPG/320px-Amiens_cathedral_025.JPG" data-alt="La tête de Baptiste apportée à la table d'Hérodiade[95] après sa décapitation." data-width="214" data-height="160" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Amiens_cathedral_025.JPG/480px-Amiens_cathedral_025.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Amiens_cathedral_025.JPG/640px-Amiens_cathedral_025.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> La tête de Baptiste apportée à la table d'Hérodiade<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-119"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>95<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> après sa décapitation. </div></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Jean_le_Baptiste&amp;action=edit&amp;section=35&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Jean_le_Baptiste&amp;action=edit&amp;section=36&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""> <div class="mw-references-wrap"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-5">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">En <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grec_ancien?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grec ancien">grec ancien</a> <span class="lang-grc" lang="grc">Ἰωάννης ὁ βαπτιστής</span>&nbsp;/ <span class="lang-grc-latn" lang="grc-latn"><i>Ioánnēs ho baptistēs</i></span> ou <span class="lang-grc" lang="grc">Ἰωάννης ὁ βαπτίζων</span>&nbsp;/ <span class="lang-grc-latn" lang="grc-latn"><i>Ioánnēs ho baptízōn</i></span>, «&nbsp;Jean le Baptiste&nbsp;», ou <span class="lang-grc" lang="grc">Ιωάννης ὁ πρόδρομος</span>&nbsp;/ <span class="lang-grc-latn" lang="grc-latn"><i>Ioánnēs ho pródromos</i></span>, «&nbsp;Jean le Précurseur&nbsp;»&nbsp;; en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Slavon_d%27%C3%A9glise?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Slavon d'église">slavon</a> Иоанъ креститель / <i>Ioan krestitelj</i>&nbsp;; en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Serbe?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Serbe">serbe</a>: Јован кpститељ / <i>Jovan krstitelj&nbsp;; en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arabe?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arabe">arabe</a>&nbsp;: <span class="lang-ar" lang="ar" dir="rtl">يحيى</span> / </i>Yaḥya<i> ou يوحنا المعمدان / </i>Ywḥnạ ạlmʿmdạn<i><sup id="cite_ref-Lang,_Bernhard_2009_Page_380_4-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Lang,_Bernhard_2009_Page_380-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</i></span></li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-25">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="citation">«&nbsp;Il y avait alors un homme qui parcourait la Judée dans des vêtements étonnants, des poils de bête collés sur son corps aux endroits où il n’était pas couvert de ses poils, et de visage il était comme un sauvage. En abordant les Juifs, il les appelait à la liberté en disant&nbsp;: «&nbsp;Dieu m’a envoyé pour vous montrer la voie de la Loi, par laquelle vous serez sauvés d’avoir plusieurs maîtres et vous n’aurez plus sur vous de maître mortel (tout comme <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Judas_le_Galil%C3%A9en?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Judas le Galiléen">Judas le Galiléen</a> et plus généralement des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Z%C3%A9lotes?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zélotes">zélotes</a>), mais seulement le Très-Haut, qui m’a envoyé.&nbsp;» En entendant ces paroles, le peuple était heureux&nbsp;; et toute la Judée le suivait, et les environs de Jérusalem. Et il ne leur faisait rien d’autre que les plonger dans le cours du Jourdain&nbsp;; et il les renvoyait en leur enseignant de cesser de faire le mal, et qu’il leur serait donné un roi qui les libérerait et soumettrait tous les insoumis, et ne serait lui-même soumis à personne. Les uns se moquaient de ses paroles, les autres y ajoutèrent foi. Il fut amené auprès d’Archélaüs, et les docteurs de la Loi se réunirent, et on lui demanda qui il était et où il avait été jusqu'alors. Et il répondit en disant&nbsp;: «&nbsp;Je suis l’homme que l’Esprit de Dieu m’a assigné d’être, me nourrissant de roseaux et de racines et de copeaux de bois.&nbsp;» Comme ils menaçaient de le torturer s’il ne cessait ces paroles et ces actes, il dit&nbsp;: «&nbsp;C’est vous qui devez cesser vos actes impurs et adhérer au Seigneur votre Dieu.&nbsp;» Alors, se levant avec fureur, un scribe, Simon, essénien d’origine, dit&nbsp;: «&nbsp;Tous les jours nous lisons la divine écriture, et toi, sorti aujourd’hui de la forêt comme une bête, tu oses nous faire la leçon et séduire le peuple avec tes paroles impies&nbsp;?&nbsp;» Et il s’élança pour déchirer son corps. Mais lui, leur faisant reproche, dit&nbsp;: «&nbsp;Je ne vous découvrirai pas le mystère qui est parmi vous, puisque vous ne l’avez pas voulu. Ainsi est venue sur vous une perdition invincible, et par votre faute.&nbsp;» Ayant ainsi parlé, il s’en alla de l’autre côté du Jourdain&nbsp;; et, sans que personne osât l’en empêcher, il continua d’agir comme auparavant.&nbsp;»</span> <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guerre_des_Juifs?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guerre des Juifs">Guerre des Juifs</a></i> (Version slavone), cité par <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Nodet2014">Nodet 2014</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr>&nbsp;4.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-48">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">. <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Raymond_Edward_Brown?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Raymond Edward Brown">Raymond Edward Brown</a> doute qu'une princesse hérodienne puisse avoir dansé ainsi que le raconte ce récit&nbsp;: il est vraisemblable qu'il s'agisse d'une histoire populaire ensuite dramatisée à travers nombre de représentations artistiques&nbsp;; <i>cf.</i> Raymond E. Brown, <i>Que sait-on du Nouveau Testament&nbsp;?</i>, éd. Bayard, 2011, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&nbsp;177, note 23.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-66">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nouveau_Testament?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nouveau Testament">Nouveau Testament</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Actes_des_Ap%C3%B4tres?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Actes des Apôtres">Actes des Apôtres</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.biblegateway.com/bible?language%3Dfr%26version%3D2;32%26passage%3DActes%252018%253A24-26">Actes&nbsp;18.&nbsp;24-26</a>&nbsp;: «&nbsp;Un Juif nommé Apollos, originaire d'Alexandrie, était arrivé à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89ph%C3%A8se?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Éphèse">Éphèse</a>. C'était un homme éloquent, versé dans les Écritures. Il avait été instruit de la Voie du Seigneur, et, dans la ferveur de son âme, il prêchait et enseignait avec exactitude ce qui concerne Jésus, bien qu'il connût seulement le baptême de Jean. Il se mit donc à parler avec assurance dans la synagogue. <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aquila_(mari_de_Priscille)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aquila (mari de Priscille)">Priscille et Aquila</a>, qui l'avaient entendu, le prirent avec eux et lui exposèrent plus exactement la Voie.&nbsp;»</span></li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-77">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Augustin_d%27Hippone?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Augustin d'Hippone">Augustin d'Hippone</a>, <i>Œuvres complètes de saint Augustin</i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr>&nbsp;20, Louis Vivès, Paris, 1873, sermon CXCVI, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr>&nbsp;326&nbsp;: <span class="citation">«&nbsp;La nativité de saint Jean Baptiste est la seule que l’Église solennise à côté de l'anniversaire trois fois sacré de la naissance de notre Seigneur. Pour les autres saints, pour les autres élus de Dieu, nous avons appris à fêter le jour où la vie présente les enfants aux joies éternelles, après la consommation de leur tâche, leur victoire et leur triomphe sur le monde&nbsp;; c’est la fin glorieuse qui consacre leurs mérites que nous célébrons en eux&nbsp;»</span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-91">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Selon Robert Browning, un auteur chrétien comme <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gr%C3%A9goire_de_Nazianze?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grégoire de Nazianze">Grégoire de Nazianze</a> va jusqu'à le considérer <span class="citation">«&nbsp;comme un instrument du Diable&nbsp;»</span> <span class="citation">«&nbsp;Par une sélection rigoureuse des sujets, une présentation oblique, la caricature et l'exagération, il dépeint Julien comme entièrement mauvais, et se réjouit de sa mort prématurée.&nbsp;»</span> La large diffusion que l'Église a faite de ses deux oraisons sur Julien, en a fait le point de vue dominant dans la partie orientale de l'Empire. Une version légendaire de la vie de Julien et l'<i>Histoire de l'Église</i> de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sozom%C3%A8ne?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sozomène">Sozomène</a>, écrite vers le milieu du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ve_si%C3%A8cle?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ve siècle"><abbr class="abbr" title="5ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">V</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr>&nbsp;siècle</a>, dont une version <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arm%C3%A9nien?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arménien">arménienne</a> antérieure est connue, se réjouissent aussi de sa mort, après avoir présenté un débat allégorique entre des saints ressuscités qui attribuent à Julien tout un tas de méfaits. Même si un auteur comme <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Augustin_d%27Hippone?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Augustin d'Hippone">Augustin d'Hippone</a> émet un point de vue plus nuancé sur Julien lorsqu'il le mentionne incidemment dans sa <i>Cité de Dieu</i>, la charge initiée par <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gr%C3%A9goire_de_Nazianze?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grégoire de Nazianze">Grégoire de Nazianze</a> sera encore amplifié par l'imagination populaire par la suite.<abbr class="abbr" title="confer (reportez-vous à/comparez avec)">cf.</abbr> Robert Browning, <i>The Emperor Julian</i>, University of California Press, 1976, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr>&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">224-226</span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-99">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Pendant des fouilles destinées à renforcer les fondations pour restaurer l'église, les ouvriers ont trouvé une crypte. On a retrouvé dans cette crypte des reliques de la grande église d'Alexandrie, (<i>cf.</i> Marc Jeanson, <i>La Lumière du désert</i> (DVD)). Cette découverte ainsi que des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tradition?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tradition">traditions</a> remontant au Moyen Âge qui disent que le «&nbsp;corps [de Jean Baptiste] se trouve dans la grande église de Saint Macaire sous le mur Nord&nbsp;», suffisent à certains chrétiens pour penser qu'il est enterré ici.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-109">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sozom%C3%A8ne?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sozomène">Sozomène</a> raconte que l'empereur romain <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Th%C3%A9odose_Ier?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Théodose Ier">Théodose <abbr class="abbr" title="premier">I<sup>er</sup></abbr></a> (fin du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/IVe_si%C3%A8cle?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="IVe siècle"><abbr class="abbr" title="4ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">IV</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr>&nbsp;siècle</a>) rapporte la tête de Jean Baptiste de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chalc%C3%A9doine?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chalcédoine">Chalcédoine</a> à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hebdomon?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hebdomon">Hebdomon</a> où il lui consacre une église. Source&nbsp;: <span class="ouvrage" id="Quinton_King1954"><span class="ouvrage" id="Noel_Quinton_King1954"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Noel Quinton King, <cite class="italique" lang="en">The Religious Policy of Theodosius the Great, 379-395 A.D.</cite>, University of Nottingham, <time>1954</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&nbsp;202<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Religious+Policy+of+Theodosius+the+Great%2C+379-395+A.D.&amp;rft.pub=University+of+Nottingham&amp;rft.au=Noel+Quinton+King&amp;rft.date=1954&amp;rft.pages=202&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AJean+le+Baptiste"></span></span></span></span></li> </ol> </div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Sources_antiques">Sources antiques</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Jean_le_Baptiste&amp;action=edit&amp;section=37&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Sources antiques" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <dl> <dt> Versets de la Bible ou du Coran </dt> </dl> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-34">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89vangile_selon_Luc?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Évangile selon Luc">Évangile selon Luc</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.biblegateway.com/bible?language%3Dfr%26version%3D2;32%26passage%3DLUKE%25201%253A13-18">Lc&nbsp;1.&nbsp;13-18</a>, puis <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.biblegateway.com/bible?language%3Dfr%26version%3D2;32%26passage%3DLUKE%25201%253A59-63">Lc&nbsp;1.&nbsp;59-63</a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-35">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89vangile_selon_Luc?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Évangile selon Luc">Évangile selon Luc</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.biblegateway.com/bible?language%3Dfr%26version%3D2;32%26passage%3DLUKE%25201%253A36">Lc&nbsp;1.&nbsp;36</a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-38">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Mc 1 1-8, Mt1, 3, Lc 3, 1-18, Jn 1, 19-34.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Marc_6_17-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Marc_6_17_42-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nouveau_Testament?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nouveau Testament">Nouveau Testament</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89vangile_selon_Marc?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Évangile selon Marc">Évangile selon Marc</a>, VI, 17, cité par <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Schwentzel2011">Schwentzel 2011</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr>&nbsp;219.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Marc_6_20-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Marc_6_20_43-0">a</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Marc_6_20_43-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nouveau_Testament?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nouveau Testament">Nouveau Testament</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89vangile_selon_Marc?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Évangile selon Marc">Évangile selon Marc</a>, VI, 20, cité par <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Schwentzel2011">Schwentzel 2011</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr>&nbsp;219.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-45">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.biblegateway.com/bible?language%3Dfr%26version%3D2;32%26passage%3DMARK%25206%253A17-29">Mc&nbsp;6.&nbsp;17-29</a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-46">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nouveau_Testament?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nouveau Testament">Nouveau Testament</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89vangile_selon_Marc?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Évangile selon Marc">Évangile selon Marc</a>, VI, 22, cité par <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Schwentzel2011">Schwentzel 2011</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr>&nbsp;220.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-51">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Marc, vi, <i>cf.</i> Esth, ii, 9&nbsp;; Marc, vi, 23, <i>cf.</i> Esth., v, 3</span></li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-63">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">En <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.biblegateway.com/bible?language%3Dfr%26version%3D2;32%26passage%3DActes%252018%253A24">Actes&nbsp;18.&nbsp;24</a> du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Texte_occidental?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Texte occidental">Texte occidental</a> des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Actes_des_Ap%C3%B4tres?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Actes des Apôtres">Actes des Apôtres</a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-64">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nouveau_Testament?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nouveau Testament">Nouveau Testament</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Actes_des_Ap%C3%B4tres?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Actes des Apôtres">Actes des Apôtres</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.biblegateway.com/bible?language%3Dfr%26version%3D2;32%26passage%3DActes%252018%253A25">Actes&nbsp;18.&nbsp;25</a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-75">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89vangile_selon_Luc?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Évangile selon Luc">Évangile selon Luc</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.biblegateway.com/bible?language%3Dfr%26version%3D2;32%26passage%3DLUKE%25201%253A26">Lc&nbsp;1.&nbsp;26</a> et <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.biblegateway.com/bible?language%3Dfr%26version%3D2;32%26passage%3DLUKE%25201%253A46">Lc&nbsp;1.&nbsp;46</a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-79">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Luc 1, 24-27 et 36&nbsp;: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.biblegateway.com/bible?language%3Dfr%26version%3D2;32%26passage%3DLUKE%25201%253A36">Lc&nbsp;1.&nbsp;36</a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-81">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.biblegateway.com/bible?language%3Dfr%26version%3D2;32%26passage%3DJOHN%25203%253A30">Jn&nbsp;3.&nbsp;30</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89vangile_selon_Jean?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Évangile selon Jean">Évangile attribué à Jean</a>, 3, 30, Traduction de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bible_de_J%C3%A9rusalem?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bible de Jérusalem">Bible de Jérusalem</a>, édition du Cerf.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-116">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89vangile_selon_Luc?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Évangile selon Luc">Évangile selon Luc</a>, 1, 59-64.</span></li> </ol> </div> </div> <dl> <dt> Flavius Josephe et autres auteurs antiques </dt> </dl> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""> <div class="mw-references-wrap"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FlaJosXVIII_116_118-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FlaJosXVIII_116_118_73-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Flavius_Jos%C3%A8phe?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Flavius Josèphe">Flavius Josèphe</a>, <i>Antiquités judaïques</i>, XVIII, 116-118.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-96">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr" title="confer (reportez-vous à/comparez avec)">cf.</abbr> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ammien_Marcellin?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ammien Marcellin">Ammien Marcellin</a>, <i>Histoires</i>, livre <abbr class="abbr" title="22"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">XXII</span></abbr>.</span></li> </ol> </div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Références"><span id="R.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Références</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Jean_le_Baptiste&amp;action=edit&amp;section=38&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Références" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="reference-cadre" tabindex="0"> <div class="references-small decimal" style="column-width:30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Mimouni_JA_2012_p._430-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Mimouni_JA_2012_p._430_1-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Mimouni2012"><span class="ouvrage" id="Simon_Claude_Mimouni2012"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Simon_Claude_Mimouni?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Simon Claude Mimouni">Simon Claude <span class="nom_auteur">Mimouni</span></a>, <cite class="italique">Le Judaïsme ancien du <abbr class="abbr" title="6ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">VI</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle avant notre ère au <abbr class="abbr" title="3ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">III</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr>&nbsp;siècle de notre ère&nbsp;: Des prêtres aux rabbins</cite>, Paris, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Presses_universitaires_de_France?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Presses universitaires de France">Presses universitaires de France</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="collection">coll.</abbr>&nbsp;«&nbsp;Nouvelle Clio&nbsp;», <time>2012</time>, 960&nbsp;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr>, 22 cm <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-13-056396-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-13-056396-9"><span class="nowrap">978-2-13-056396-9</span></a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a>&nbsp;<span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb42664447r.public">42664447</a></span>)</small>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&nbsp;430<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Le+Juda%C3%AFsme+ancien+du+VIe%26%2332%3Bsi%C3%A8cle+avant+notre+%C3%A8re+au%26%2332%3BIIIe%26nbsp%3Bsi%C3%A8cle+de+notre+%C3%A8re&amp;rft.place=Paris&amp;rft.pub=Presses+universitaires+de+France&amp;rft.stitle=Des+pr%C3%AAtres+aux+rabbins&amp;rft.aulast=Mimouni&amp;rft.aufirst=Simon+Claude&amp;rft.date=2012&amp;rft.pages=430&amp;rft.tpages=960&amp;rft.isbn=978-2-13-056396-9&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AJean+le+Baptiste"></span></span></span>. Suivant les synoptiques, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/H%C3%A9rode_Antipas?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hérode Antipas">Hérode Antipas</a> prend Jésus de Nazareth pour Jean le Baptiste ressuscité&nbsp;; cf. <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Mimouni2012">Mimouni 2012</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr>&nbsp;407.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-2">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paul_Mattei?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paul Mattei">Paul Mattei</a>, <i>Le Christianisme ancien de Jésus à Constantin</i>, éd. Armand Colin, 2008, p. 28.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-3">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Farah_M%C3%A9barki&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Farah Mébarki (page inexistante)">Farah Mébarki</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89mile_Puech?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Émile Puech">Émile Puech</a>, <i>Les Manuscrits de la mer Morte</i>, éd. du Rouergue, 2002, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&nbsp;312.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Lang,_Bernhard_2009_Page_380-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Lang,_Bernhard_2009_Page_380_4-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Bernhard Lang, <i>International Review of Biblical Studies</i> Brill Academic Pub, 2009 <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/9004172548?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/9004172548"><span class="nowrap">9004172548</span></a>)</small>, page 380&nbsp;: «&nbsp;33/34 CE Herod Antipas's marriage to Herodias (and beginning of the ministry of Jesus in a sabbatical year); 35 CE – death of John the Baptist&nbsp;».</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Trocmé_25-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Trocm%C3%A9_25_6-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Trocm%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Étienne Trocmé">Étienne Trocmé</a>, <i>L'Enfance du christianisme</i>, Paris, Noésis, 1997, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&nbsp;25.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Trocmé_26-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Trocm%C3%A9_26_7-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Trocm%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Étienne Trocmé">Étienne Trocmé</a>, <i>L'Enfance du christianisme</i>, Paris, Noésis, 1997, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&nbsp;26.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Blanchetière_216-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Blancheti%C3%A8re_216_8-0">a</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Blancheti%C3%A8re_216_8-1">b</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Blancheti%C3%A8re_216_8-2">c</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Blancheti%C3%A8re_216_8-3">d</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Blancheti%C3%A8re_216_8-4">e</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Blancheti%C3%A8re?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="François Blanchetière">François Blanchetière</a>, <i>Enquête sur les racines juives du mouvement chrétien</i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&nbsp;216.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Schwentzel_2011,_p.217-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Schwentzel_2011,_p.217_9-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christian-Georges_Schwentzel?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christian-Georges Schwentzel">Christian-Georges Schwentzel</a>, <i>Hérode le Grand</i>, Paris, Pygmalion, 2011, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&nbsp;217.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Blanchetière_213-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Blancheti%C3%A8re_213_10-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Blancheti%C3%A8re?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="François Blanchetière">François Blanchetière</a>, <i>Enquête sur les racines juives du mouvement chrétien</i>, Paris, Cerf, 2001, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&nbsp;213.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Blanchetière_216-217-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Blancheti%C3%A8re_216-217_11-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Blancheti%C3%A8re?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="François Blanchetière">François Blanchetière</a>, <i>Enquête sur les racines juives du mouvement chrétien</i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr>&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">216-217</span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-APaul_MvmtBaptistes_2005-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-APaul_MvmtBaptistes_2005_12-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Paul?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="André Paul">André Paul</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.clio.fr/BIBLIOTHEQUE/les_mouvements_baptistes.asp"><i>Les mouvements baptistes</i></a>, 2005, sur <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.clio.fr">http://www.clio.fr</a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-13">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Otto_Betz&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Otto Betz (page inexistante)">Otto Betz</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Betz" class="extiw" title="de:Otto Betz"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en allemand&nbsp;: «&nbsp;Otto Betz&nbsp;»">(de)</span></a>, «&nbsp;Jean-Baptiste était-il essénien&nbsp;?&nbsp;», dans <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hershel_Shanks?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hershel Shanks">Hershel Shanks</a> (dir.), <i>L'Aventure des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manuscrits_de_la_mer_Morte?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Manuscrits de la mer Morte">manuscrits de la mer Morte</a></i>, Paris, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89ditions_du_Seuil?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Éditions du Seuil">Seuil</a>, 1996 <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/2-02-021417-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/2-02-021417-2"><span class="nowrap">2-02-021417-2</span></a>)</small>, ch. 16, p. 256-266.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-EP173-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-EP173_14-0">a</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-EP173_14-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89mile_Puech?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Émile Puech">Émile Puech</a>, «&nbsp;Jean-Baptiste était-il essénien&nbsp;?&nbsp;», dans <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pierre_Geoltrain?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pierre Geoltrain">Pierre Geoltrain</a> (dir.), <i>Aux origines du christianisme</i>, Paris, Gallimard, coll. «&nbsp;Folio. Histoire, 98&nbsp;», 2000 <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-07-041114-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-07-041114-6"><span class="nowrap">978-2-07-041114-6</span></a>)</small>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr>&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">173-174</span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-15">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Blancheti%C3%A8re?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="François Blanchetière">François Blanchetière</a>, <i>Enquête sur les racines juives du mouvement chrétien (30-135)</i>, Paris, Cerf, 2001 <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-204-06215-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-204-06215-2"><span class="nowrap">978-2-204-06215-2</span></a>)</small>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&nbsp;216.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-F_Blanchetière_page217-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-F_Blancheti%C3%A8re_page217_16-0">a</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-F_Blancheti%C3%A8re_page217_16-1">b</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-F_Blancheti%C3%A8re_page217_16-2">c</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-F_Blancheti%C3%A8re_page217_16-3">d</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-F_Blancheti%C3%A8re_page217_16-4">e</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-F_Blancheti%C3%A8re_page217_16-5">f</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-F_Blancheti%C3%A8re_page217_16-6">g</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-F_Blancheti%C3%A8re_page217_16-7">h</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Blancheti%C3%A8re?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="François Blanchetière">François Blanchetière</a>, <i>Enquête sur les racines juives du mouvement chrétien</i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&nbsp;217</span></li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-17">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Trocm%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Étienne Trocmé">Étienne Trocmé</a>, <i>L'Enfance du christianisme</i>, Noésis, 1997, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&nbsp;27.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-18">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pierre_Geoltrain?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pierre Geoltrain">Pierre Geoltrain</a>, <i>Aux origines du christianisme</i>, Gallimard et le Monde de la Bible, «&nbsp;Folio&nbsp;», 2000, p. XV.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-19">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marie-%C3%89mile_Boismard?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marie-Émile Boismard">Marie-Émile Boismard</a>, «&nbsp;Aenon près de Salem (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.biblegateway.com/bible?language%3Dfr%26version%3D2;32%26passage%3DJOHN%25202%253A23">Jn&nbsp;2.&nbsp;23</a>)&nbsp;», <i>Revue biblique</i> <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr>&nbsp;80, 1973, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr>&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">218-219</span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Schwentzel_223-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Schwentzel_223_20-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christian-Georges_Schwentzel?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christian-Georges Schwentzel">Christian-Georges Schwentzel</a>, <i>Hérode le Grand</i>, Pygmalion, Paris, 2011, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&nbsp;223.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Grabbe1992_p376-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Grabbe1992_p376_21-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Lester L. Grabbe, <i>Judaïsm from Cyrus to Hadrian</i>, Vol. <abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr>, Fortress Press, Minneapolis, 1992, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&nbsp;376.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Picard_p800-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Picard_p800_22-0">a</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Picard_p800_22-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gilbert_Charles-Picard?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gilbert Charles-Picard">Gilbert Picard</a>, «&nbsp;La date de naissance de Jésus du point de vue romain&nbsp;», dans <i>Comptes-rendus des séances de l'Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres</i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr>&nbsp;139 <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr>&nbsp;3, 1995, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&nbsp;800 <small>[<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/crai_0065-0536_1995_num_139_3_15518">lire sur <i>Persée</i></a>]</small>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Picard_p799-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Picard_p799_23-0">a</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Picard_p799_23-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gilbert_Charles-Picard?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gilbert Charles-Picard">Gilbert Picard</a>, «&nbsp;La date de naissance de Jésus du point de vue romain&nbsp;», dans <i>Comptes-rendus des séances de l'Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres</i>, vol. 139 <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr>&nbsp;3, 1995, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&nbsp;799 <small>[<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/crai_0065-0536_1995_num_139_3_15518">lire sur <i>Persée</i></a>]</small>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-24">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Nodet2014"><span class="ouvrage" id="Étienne_Nodet2014"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Nodet?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Étienne Nodet">Étienne Nodet</a>, <cite class="italique">Machéronte (Machaerus) et Jean Baptiste</cite>, EBJ, <time>2014</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr>&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">3-4</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Mach%C3%A9ronte+%28Machaerus%29+et+Jean+Baptiste&amp;rft.pub=EBJ&amp;rft.aulast=Nodet&amp;rft.aufirst=%C3%89tienne&amp;rft.date=2014&amp;rft.pages=3-4&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AJean+le+Baptiste"></span></span></span>&nbsp;; également publié dans la <i>Revue biblique</i> <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr>&nbsp;121, 2014, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr>&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">267-282</span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-26">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Nodet2014">Nodet 2014</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr>&nbsp;14&nbsp;; également publié dans la <i>Revue biblique</i> <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr>&nbsp;121, (2014), <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr>&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">267-282</span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-27">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Voir parmi les synthèses généralistes&nbsp;: <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Simon_Claude_Mimouni?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Simon Claude Mimouni">Simon Claude Mimouni</a>, <i>Le Judaïsme ancien du <abbr class="abbr" title="6ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">VI</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> au <abbr class="abbr" title="3ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">III</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr>&nbsp;siècle. Des prêtres aux rabbins</i>, éd. P.U.F./Nouvelle Clio, 2012, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&nbsp;430&nbsp;; Knut Backhaus, «&nbsp;Echoes of Wilderness&nbsp;: the historical John the Baptist&nbsp;», dans Tom Holmén et Stanley E. Porter, <i>Handbook for the Study of the Historical Jesus</i>, vol. II, éd. Brill, 2011, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&nbsp;1780&nbsp;; <span class="ouvrage" id="HorburyDaviesSturdy2008"><span class="ouvrage" id="William_HorburyWilliam_David_DaviesJohn_Sturdy2008"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> William <span class="nom_auteur">Horbury</span> (éd.), William David <span class="nom_auteur">Davies</span> (éd.) et John <span class="nom_auteur">Sturdy</span> (éd.), <cite class="italique" lang="en">The Cambridge History of Judaism</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr>&nbsp;3&nbsp;: <span class="lang-en italique" lang="en">The Early Roman Period</span>, <time>2008</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&nbsp;XXXIV<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+History+of+Judaism&amp;rft.aulast=Horbury&amp;rft.aufirst=William&amp;rft.au=Davies%2C+William+David&amp;rft.au=Sturdy%2C+John&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft.volume=3&amp;rft.pages=XXXIV&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AJean+le+Baptiste"></span></span></span>&nbsp;; <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paul_Mattei?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paul Mattei">Paul Mattei</a>, <i>Le Christianisme ancien de Jésus à Constantin</i>, éd. Armand Colin, 2008, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&nbsp;28&nbsp;; <span class="ouvrage" id="1997"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">«&nbsp;John the Baptist&nbsp;»</cite>, dans R. J. Zwi Werblowski et Geoffrey Wigoder (éds.), <cite class="italique" lang="en">The Oxford Dictionnary of Jewish Religion</cite>, Oxford University Press, <time>1997</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&nbsp;378<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Dictionnary+of+Jewish+Religion&amp;rft.atitle=John+the+Baptist&amp;rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&amp;rft.date=1997&amp;rft.pages=378&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AJean+le+Baptiste"></span></span>&nbsp;; Paul W. Hollenbach, «&nbsp;John the Baptist&nbsp;», dans <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/David_Noel_Freedman?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="David Noel Freedman">David Noel Freedman</a> (éd.), <i>The <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anchor_Bible_Dictionary?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Anchor Bible Dictionary">Anchor Bible Dictionary</a></i>, éd. Doubleday, 1992, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr>&nbsp;3, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr>&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">887-899</span>. Parmi les ouvrages spécialisés ou monographiques&nbsp;: <span class="ouvrage" id="Schwentzel2011"><span class="ouvrage" id="Christian-Georges_Schwentzel2011"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christian-Georges_Schwentzel?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christian-Georges Schwentzel">Christian-Georges Schwentzel</a>, <cite class="italique">Hérode le Grand</cite>, Paris, éd. Pygmalion, <time>2011</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr>&nbsp;223-224, 296<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=H%C3%A9rode+le+Grand&amp;rft.place=Paris&amp;rft.pub=%C3%A9d.+Pygmalion&amp;rft.aulast=Schwentzel&amp;rft.aufirst=Christian-Georges&amp;rft.date=2011&amp;rft.pages=223-224%2C+296&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AJean+le+Baptiste"></span></span></span>&nbsp;; <span class="ouvrage" id="MébarkiPuech2002"><span class="ouvrage" id="Farah_MébarkiÉmile_Puech2002">Farah Mébarki et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89mile_Puech?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Émile Puech">Émile Puech</a>, <cite class="italique">Les Manuscrits de la Mer Morte</cite>, éd. du Rouergue, <time>2002</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&nbsp;312<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Les+Manuscrits+de+la+Mer+Morte&amp;rft.pub=%C3%A9d.+du+Rouergue&amp;rft.aulast=M%C3%A9barki&amp;rft.aufirst=Farah&amp;rft.au=%C3%89mile+Puech&amp;rft.date=2002&amp;rft.pages=312&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AJean+le+Baptiste"></span></span></span>&nbsp;; E. Mary Smallwood, <i>The Jews under Roman Rule. From Pompey to Diocletian: a Study in Political Relations</i>, éd. Brill, 2001 (rééd.) <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&nbsp;185&nbsp;; <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ben_Witherington_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ben Witherington III">Ben Witherington III</a>, <i>New Testament History: A Narrative Account</i>, Baker Academic, 2001, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&nbsp;132.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-28">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Paul2015"><span class="ouvrage" id="André_Paul2015">André Paul, «&nbsp;<cite style="font-style:normal">Jean le baptiste&nbsp;: L'homme qui révéla le Christ</cite>&nbsp;», <i>Le Monde des religions</i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr>&nbsp;74,‎ <time class="nowrap" datetime="2015-11" data-sort-value="2015-11">novembre 2015</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&nbsp;41<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Jean+le+baptiste&amp;rft.jtitle=Le+Monde+des+religions&amp;rft.issue=74&amp;rft.stitle=L%27homme+qui+r%C3%A9v%C3%A9la+le+Christ&amp;rft.aulast=Paul&amp;rft.aufirst=Andr%C3%A9&amp;rft.date=2015-11&amp;rft.pages=41&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AJean+le+Baptiste"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Schwentzel2011223-224-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Schwentzel2011223-224_29-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Schwentzel2011">Schwentzel 2011</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr>&nbsp;223-224. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-30">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bruce_Metzger?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bruce Metzger">Bruce Metzger</a>, <i>The Oxford Companion to the Bible</i>, 1993, éd. <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oxford_University_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&nbsp;283, 120.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-31">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">«&nbsp;Blinzer (<i>Prozess</i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr>&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">101-102</span>) a énuméré les options d’environ cent auteurs concernant l’année de la mort de Jésus&nbsp;: aucun de ceux qu’il cite n’a opté pour l’an 34 (en fait, c’est le cas de Zeitlin) ou 35, alors qu'un à trois d’entre eux privilégiaient respectivement les années 26, 27, 28, 31, 32 et 36. Treize ont opté pour 29, cinquante-trois pour 30, et vingt-quatre pour 33 - ce qui rejoint la fourchette évoquée ci-dessus.&nbsp;»&nbsp;; <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Raymond_Edward_Brown?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Raymond Edward Brown">Raymond Edward Brown</a>, <i>La Mort du Messie</i> (trad. de l'anglais), éd. Bayard 2005, (éd. orig. 1994), <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&nbsp;1512.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Blanchetière_315-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Blancheti%C3%A8re_315_32-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Blancheti%C3%A8re?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="François Blanchetière">François Blanchetière</a>, <i>Enquête sur les racines juives du mouvement chrétien</i>, Paris, Cerf, 2001, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&nbsp;315.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-33">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.biblegateway.com/bible?language%3Dfr%26version%3D2;32%26passage%3DLUKE%25201%253A19">Lc&nbsp;1.&nbsp;19</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-36">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Losch2013"><span class="ouvrage" id="Richard_R._Losch2013"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Richard R. Losch, <cite class="italique" lang="en">All the Places in the Bible</cite>, Xlibris Corporation, <time>2013</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&nbsp;475<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=All+the+Places+in+the+Bible&amp;rft.pub=Xlibris+Corporation&amp;rft.aulast=Losch&amp;rft.aufirst=Richard+R.&amp;rft.date=2013&amp;rft.pages=475&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AJean+le+Baptiste"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-SL-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-SL_37-0">a</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-SL_37-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Simon_L%C3%A9gasse?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Simon Légasse">Simon Légasse</a>, «&nbsp;Jean-Baptiste et Jésus dans les Évangiles synoptiques&nbsp;», dans <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pierre_Geoltrain?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pierre Geoltrain">Pierre Geoltrain</a>, <i>Aux origines du christianisme</i>, Gallimard et le Monde de la Bible, «&nbsp;Folio&nbsp;», 2000, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr>&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">185-186</span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Puech_QumranEtNT_p162-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Puech_QumranEtNT_p162_39-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89mile_Puech?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Émile Puech">Émile Puech</a>, «&nbsp;Les manuscrits de la mer Morte et le Nouveau Testament&nbsp;», dans <i>Aux origines du christianisme</i>, dir. <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pierre_Geoltrain?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pierre Geoltrain">Pierre Geoltrain</a>, 2000, Gallimard, Paris, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&nbsp;162.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Jean_et_les_Samaritains_p87-95-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Jean_et_les_Samaritains_p87-95_40-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marie-%C3%89mile_Boismard?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marie-Émile Boismard">Marie-Émile Boismard</a>, «&nbsp;L'évangile de Jean et les Samaritains&nbsp;», dans <i>Le judéo-christianisme dans tous ses états</i> - <i>Actes du colloque de Jérusalem - 6-10 juillet 1998</i>, Dir. <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Simon_Claude_Mimouni?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Simon Claude Mimouni">Simon Claude Mimouni</a>, Paris, éd. Cerf, 2001, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr>&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">87-95</span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Trocmé_172-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Trocm%C3%A9_172_41-0">a</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Trocm%C3%A9_172_41-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Trocm%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Étienne Trocmé">Étienne Trocmé</a>, <i>L'évangile selon saint Marc</i>, éd. Labor et Fides, Genève, 2000, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&nbsp;172 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://books.google.fr/books?id%3DhOoeGhUJSTYC%26lpg%3DPA172">extrait en ligne</a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-44">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Étienne Trocmé, <i>L'Enfance du christianisme</i>, éd. Hachette, coll. Pluriel, 2009, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&nbsp;27.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-47">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Dominique Casajus, citant Claudine Gauthier, <i>Saint Jean et Salomé. Anthropologie du banquet d’Hérode</i>, Tours, Éditions Lume, octobre-décembre 2009 <small>[<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://assr.revues.org/index21134.html">Lire en ligne sur <i>Archives de sciences sociales des religions</i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr>&nbsp;148</a>]</small>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Schwentzel2011220-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Schwentzel2011220_49-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Schwentzel2011">Schwentzel 2011</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr>&nbsp;220. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-50">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Raymond_E._Brown?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Raymond E. Brown">Raymond E. Brown</a>, <i>Que sait-on du Nouveau Testament&nbsp;?</i>, éd. Bayard, 2011, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&nbsp;177, note 23.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-APaul_EI-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-APaul_EI_52-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Paul"><span class="ouvrage" id="André_Paul"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Paul?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="André Paul">André Paul</a>, «&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/herodiade-herodias/"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Hérodiade ou Hérodias (~17-39)</cite></a>&nbsp;», sur <span class="italique"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Universalis?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Encyclopædia Universalis">Encyclopædia Universalis</a></span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2012-07-06" data-sort-value="2012-07-06">6 juillet 2012</time>)</small></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-P2MUX1-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-P2MUX1_53-0">a</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-P2MUX1_53-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text">Dominique Casajus, Au sujet du livre de Claudine Gauthier&nbsp;: <i>Saint Jean et Salomé. Anthropologie du banquet d’Hérode</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://assr.revues.org/index21134.html"><i>Archives de sciences sociales des religions</i></a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr>&nbsp;148, octobre-décembre 2009.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-54">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Simon Claude Mimouni, <i>Le Judaïsme ancien du <abbr class="abbr" title="6ᵉ siècle avant Jésus-Christ"><span class="romain">VI</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> au| <abbr class="abbr" title="3ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">III</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr>&nbsp;siècle. Des prêtres aux rabbins</i>. éd. P.U.F./Nouvelle Clio, 2012, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&nbsp;406.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-55">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Flavius_Jos%C3%A8phe?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Flavius Josèphe">Flavius Josèphe</a>, <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Antiquit%C3%A9s_juda%C3%AFques?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Antiquités judaïques">Antiquités judaïques</a></i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://remacle.org/bloodwolf/historiens/Flajose/juda18.htm%23V">Livre <abbr class="abbr" title="18"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">XVIII</span></abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="5"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">V</span></abbr>, 1</a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-56">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pierre_Geoltrain?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pierre Geoltrain">Pierre Geoltrain</a>, <i>Aux origines du christianisme</i>, Paris, Gallimard et le Monde de la Bible, Folio, 2000, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr>&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">XV-XVI</span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-57">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Simon Claude Mimouni, <i>Le Judaïsme ancien du <abbr class="abbr" title="6ᵉ siècle avant Jésus-Christ"><span class="romain">VI</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> au <abbr class="abbr" title="3ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">III</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr>&nbsp;siècle. Des prêtres aux rabbins</i>. éd. P.U.F./Nouvelle Clio, 2012, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&nbsp;430.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Geoltrain_XV-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Geoltrain_XV_58-0">a</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Geoltrain_XV_58-1">b</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Geoltrain_XV_58-2">c</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pierre_Geoltrain?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pierre Geoltrain">Pierre Geoltrain</a>, <i>Aux origines du christianisme</i>, Paris, Gallimard et le Monde de la Bible, Folio, 2000, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&nbsp;XV.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-59">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Simon_L%C3%A9gasse?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Simon Légasse">Simon Légasse</a>, «&nbsp;Jean Baptiste et Jésus dans les Évangiles synoptiques&nbsp;», dans <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pierre_Geoltrain?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pierre Geoltrain">Pierre Geoltrain</a>, <i>Aux origines du christianisme</i>, Gallimard et le Monde de la Bible, «&nbsp;Folio&nbsp;», 2000, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&nbsp;183.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-60">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="citation">«&nbsp;Nul n'a jamais vu Dieu&nbsp;; le Fils unique, qui est tourné vers le sein du Père, lui, l'a fait connaître. Et voici quel fut le témoignage de Jean, quand les Juifs lui envoyèrent de Jérusalem des prêtres et des lévites pour lui demander&nbsp;: Qui es-tu&nbsp;? Il confessa, il ne nia pas, il confessa&nbsp;: Je ne suis pas le Christ. - Qu'es-tu donc&nbsp;? lui demandèrent-ils. Es-tu Élie&nbsp;? Il dit&nbsp;: Je ne le suis pas. - Es-tu le prophète&nbsp;? Il répondit&nbsp;: Non.&nbsp;»</span> <abbr class="abbr" title="confer (reportez-vous à/comparez avec)">cf.</abbr> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nouveau_Testament?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nouveau Testament">Nouveau Testament</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89vangile_selon_Jean?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Évangile selon Jean">évangile selon Jean</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.biblegateway.com/bible?language%3Dfr%26version%3D2;32%26passage%3DJOHN%25201%253A18-21">Jn&nbsp;1.&nbsp;18-21</a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Blanchetière_218-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Blancheti%C3%A8re_218_61-0">a</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Blancheti%C3%A8re_218_61-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Blancheti%C3%A8re?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="François Blanchetière">François Blanchetière</a>, <i>Enquête sur les racines juives du mouvement chrétien</i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&nbsp;218.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-F.Blanchetière_pages217et218-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-F.Blancheti%C3%A8re_pages217et218_62-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Blancheti%C3%A8re?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="François Blanchetière">François Blanchetière</a>, <i>Enquête sur les racines juives du mouvement chrétien</i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr>&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">217-218</span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Blanchetière_229-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Blancheti%C3%A8re_229_65-0">a</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Blancheti%C3%A8re_229_65-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Blanchetière"><span class="ouvrage" id="François_Blanchetière"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Blancheti%C3%A8re?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="François Blanchetière">François <span class="nom_auteur">Blanchetière</span></a>, <cite class="italique">Enquête sur les racines juives du mouvement chrétien</cite>, Cerf<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Enqu%C3%AAte+sur+les+racines+juives+du+mouvement+chr%C3%A9tien&amp;rft.pub=Cerf&amp;rft.aulast=Blancheti%C3%A8re&amp;rft.aufirst=Fran%C3%A7ois&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AJean+le+Baptiste"></span></span></span>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr>&nbsp;229.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Grabbe1992_p510-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Grabbe1992_p510_67-0">a</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Grabbe1992_p510_67-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Lester L. Grabbe, <i>Judaïsm from Cyrus to Hadrian</i>, Vol. <abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr>, Fortress Press, Minneapolis, 1992, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&nbsp;510.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-André_Paul-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Andr%C3%A9_Paul_68-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Paul?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="André Paul">André Paul</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.clio.fr/BIBLIOTHEQUE/les_mouvements_baptistes.asp">Les mouvements baptistes</a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Mimouni228_229-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Mimouni228_229_69-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Simon_Claude_Mimouni?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Simon Claude Mimouni">Simon Claude Mimouni</a>, <i>Les Chrétiens d'origine juive dans l'Antiquité</i>, Paris, Albin Michel, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr>&nbsp;228-229.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-70">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Paul B. Fenton, Roland Goetschel, <i>Expérience et écriture mystiques dans les religions du livre</i>, Leyden, éd. Brill, 2000,<abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&nbsp;56.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Blanchetière_50-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Blancheti%C3%A8re_50_71-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Blancheti%C3%A8re?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="François Blanchetière">François Blanchetière</a>, <i>Enquête sur les racines juives du mouvement chrétien</i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&nbsp;50.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-APaul_MvtBaptistes-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-APaul_MvtBaptistes_72-0">a</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-APaul_MvtBaptistes_72-1">b</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-APaul_MvtBaptistes_72-2">c</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-APaul_MvtBaptistes_72-3">d</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-APaul_MvtBaptistes_72-4">e</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-APaul_MvtBaptistes_72-5">f</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Paul?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="André Paul">André Paul</a>, <i>Les mouvements baptistes</i>, § <i>Flavius Josèphe et Jean le Baptiste</i>, dans <i>Clio</i>, mai 2005 <small>[<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.clio.fr/BIBLIOTHEQUE/les_mouvements_baptistes.asp">lire en ligne</a>]</small>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-74">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Biblique_de_Jérusalem2021"><span class="ouvrage" id="Ecole_Biblique_de_Jérusalem2021">Ecole Biblique de Jérusalem, <cite class="italique">Dictionnaire Jésus</cite>, Paris, Laffont, <time>2021</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&nbsp;514<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Dictionnaire+J%C3%A9sus&amp;rft.place=Paris&amp;rft.pub=Laffont&amp;rft.au=Ecole+Biblique+de+J%C3%A9rusalem&amp;rft.date=2021&amp;rft.pages=514&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AJean+le+Baptiste"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-76">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">«&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://viechretienne.catholique.org/saints/10-nativite-de-saint-jean-baptiste">Nativité de saint Jean Baptiste</a>&nbsp;», sur catholique.org.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Najjar_123-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Najjar_123_78-0">a</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Najjar_123_78-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alexandre_Najjar?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alexandre Najjar">Alexandre Najjar</a>, <i>Saint Jean Baptiste</i>, Pygmalion, Coll. Chemins d'éternité, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr>&nbsp;123.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-80">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://assr.revues.org/index21134.html">Claudine Gauthier, <i>Saint Jean et Salomé. Anthropologie du banquet d’Hérode</i></a>, Tours, Éditions Lume, 2008, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr>&nbsp;238.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-82">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> «&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://catholicsaintmedals.com/patronage/patron-of-jordan/"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">Patron of Jordan - Catholic Saint Medals</cite></a>&nbsp;», sur <span class="italique">Catholic Saint Medals</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2020-08-02" data-sort-value="2020-08-02">2 août 2020</time>)</small></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-83">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Boutry2009"><span class="ouvrage" id="Philippe_Boutry2009"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Philippe_Boutry?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Philippe Boutry">Philippe Boutry</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pierre-Antoine_Fabre?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pierre-Antoine Fabre">Pierre-Antoine Fabre</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dominique_Julia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dominique Julia">Dominique Julia</a>, <cite class="italique">Reliques modernes&nbsp;: cultes et usages chrétiens des corps saints des Réformes aux révolutions</cite>, Éditions de l'École des hautes études en sciences sociales, <time>2009</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&nbsp;440<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Reliques+modernes+%3A+cultes+et+usages+chr%C3%A9tiens+des+corps+saints+des+R%C3%A9formes+aux+r%C3%A9volutions&amp;rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+de+l%27%C3%89cole+des+hautes+%C3%A9tudes+en+sciences+sociales&amp;rft.aulast=Boutry&amp;rft.aufirst=Philippe&amp;rft.date=2009&amp;rft.pages=440&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AJean+le+Baptiste"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-84">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Gaillard2001"><span class="ouvrage" id="Michèle_Gaillard2001">Michèle Gaillard, «&nbsp;<cite style="font-style:normal">Les Reliques. Objets, cultes, symboles</cite>&nbsp;», <i>Médiévales</i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr>&nbsp;20, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr>&nbsp;40,‎ <time>2001</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr>&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">168-169</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Les+Reliques.+Objets%2C+cultes%2C+symboles&amp;rft.jtitle=M%C3%A9di%C3%A9vales&amp;rft.issue=40&amp;rft.aulast=Gaillard&amp;rft.aufirst=Mich%C3%A8le&amp;rft.date=2001&amp;rft.volume=20&amp;rft.pages=168-169&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AJean+le+Baptiste"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-85">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Spackman2005"><span class="ouvrage" id="Betty_Spackman2005"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Betty Spackman, <cite class="italique" lang="en">A profound weakness&nbsp;: Christians and kitsch</cite>, Piquant, <time>2005</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&nbsp;386<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=A+profound+weakness&amp;rft.pub=Piquant&amp;rft.stitle=Christians+and+kitsch&amp;rft.aulast=Spackman&amp;rft.aufirst=Betty&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft.pages=386&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AJean+le+Baptiste"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-86">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Saint Jérôme, Ep. 103.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-87">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alexandre_Najjar?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alexandre Najjar">Alexandre Najjar</a> mentionne <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_de_Stridon?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jérôme de Stridon">saint Jérôme</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Th%C3%A9odoret_de_Cyr?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Théodoret de Cyr">Théodoret de Cyr</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rufin_d%27Aquil%C3%A9e?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rufin d'Aquilée">Rufin d'Aquilée</a>, <i>Saint Jean Baptiste</i>, Pygmalion, Coll. Chemins d'éternité, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&nbsp;108.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-88">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alexandre_Najjar?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alexandre Najjar">Alexandre Najjar</a> qui cite ici&nbsp;: Eugenio Alliata et Michele Piuccirillo, <i>La tombe de Jean Baptiste</i>, Le Monde de la Bible, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr>&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">35-36</span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Najjar_108-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Najjar_108_89-0">a</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Najjar_108_89-1">b</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Najjar_108_89-2">c</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Najjar_108_89-3">d</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alexandre_Najjar?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alexandre Najjar">Alexandre Najjar</a>, <i>Saint Jean Baptiste</i>, Pygmalion, Coll. Chemins d'éternité, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr>&nbsp;108.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Blanchetière_139-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Blancheti%C3%A8re_139_90-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Blancheti%C3%A8re?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="François Blanchetière">François Blanchetière</a>, <i>Enquête sur les racines juives du mouvement chrétien</i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&nbsp;139.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-92">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Yannis Constantnidès, dans Julen l'apostat, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://books.google.fr/books?id%3DlzsVatCvHMUC%26lpg%3DPT35%26dq%3DJulien%2520apostat%2520%2522tol%25C3%25A9rance%2520religieuse%2522%26hl%3Dfr%26pg%3DPT35%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse"><i>Défense du paganisme&nbsp;: contre les Galiléens</i></a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-93">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Salomon Frieder, <i>La tolérance religieuse dans l'histoire sociale de l'Europe&nbsp;: du Moyen Âge à la Révolution française)</i>, Impr. des arts et métiers, 1957, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&nbsp;14.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-94">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">René Braun, Jean Richer, <i>L'Empereur Julien&nbsp;: de la légende au mythe</i>, 1981.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-95">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Robert Browning, <i>The Emperor Julian</i>, University of California Press, 1976, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr>&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">171-176</span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-97">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Robert Browning, <i>The Emperor Julian</i>, University of California Press, 1976, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr>&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">177-180</span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-98">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Sandron2004"><span class="ouvrage" id="Dany_Sandron2004">Dany Sandron, <cite class="italique">Amiens. La cathédrale</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89ditions_Zodiaque?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Éditions Zodiaque">Éditions Zodiaque</a>, <time>2004</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&nbsp;177<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Amiens.+La+cath%C3%A9drale&amp;rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+Zodiaque&amp;rft.aulast=Sandron&amp;rft.aufirst=Dany&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft.pages=177&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AJean+le+Baptiste"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-100">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Phillip K. Hitti, <i>History of Syria, Including Lebanon and Palestine</i>, Gorgias Press, 2004, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&nbsp;514.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-101">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Jill Caskey, Adam S. Cohen, Linda Safran, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://books.google.fr/books?id%3Deos5BSVa2z4C%26lpg%3DPA131%26dq%3Dbaptist%2520Damas%26hl%3Dfr%26pg%3DPA131%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse"><i>Confronting the Borders of Medieval Art</i></a>, 2011, Brill, Leyde et Boston, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&nbsp;131.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-102">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Gibson2005"><span class="ouvrage" id="Shimon_Gibson2005"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Shimon Gibson, <cite class="italique" lang="en">The Cave of John the Baptist&nbsp;: The First Archaeological Evidence of the Truth of the Gospel Story</cite>, Arrow Books, <time>2005</time>, 382&nbsp;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Cave+of+John+the+Baptist+%3A+The+First+Archaeological+Evidence+of+the+Truth+of+the+Gospel+Story&amp;rft.pub=Arrow+Books&amp;rft.aulast=Gibson&amp;rft.aufirst=Shimon&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft.tpages=382&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AJean+le+Baptiste"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-103">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="KollekPearlman1970"><span class="ouvrage" id="Teddy_KollekMoshe_Pearlman1970">Teddy Kollek et Moshe Pearlman, <cite class="italique">Pilgrims to the Holy Land&nbsp;: the story of pilgrimage through the ages</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Weidenfeld_%26_Nicolson?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Weidenfeld &amp; Nicolson">Weidenfeld and Nicolson</a>, <time>1970</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&nbsp;107<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Pilgrims+to+the+Holy+Land+%3A+the+story+of+pilgrimage+through+the+ages&amp;rft.pub=Weidenfeld+and+Nicolson&amp;rft.aulast=Kollek&amp;rft.aufirst=Teddy&amp;rft.au=Moshe+Pearlman&amp;rft.date=1970&amp;rft.pages=107&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AJean+le+Baptiste"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-104">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Villeneuve2004"><span class="ouvrage" id="Estelle_Villeneuve2004">Estelle Villeneuve, «&nbsp;<cite style="font-style:normal">La grotte de Jean le Baptiste&nbsp;?</cite>&nbsp;», <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Le_Monde_de_la_Bible?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Le Monde de la Bible">Le Monde de la Bible</a></i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr>&nbsp;162,‎ <time class="nowrap" datetime="2004" data-sort-value="2004">novembre-décembre 2004</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr>&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">49-50</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=La+grotte+de+Jean+le+Baptiste+%3F&amp;rft.jtitle=Le+Monde+de+la+Bible&amp;rft.issue=162&amp;rft.aulast=Villeneuve&amp;rft.aufirst=Estelle&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft.pages=49-50&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AJean+le+Baptiste"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-105">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.forumgarden.com/forums/attachments/general-religious-discussions/108d1092714410-israel-cave-linked-john-baptist-1.jpg">Graffiti du personnage vêtu d'une peau de bête</a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-106">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage">«&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://bible.archeologie.free.fr/grottejeanbaptiste.html"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Grotte de Jean-Baptiste</cite></a>&nbsp;»</span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-107">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Bozoky2007"><span class="ouvrage" id="Edina_Bozoky2007"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Edina_Bozoky?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edina Bozoky">Edina Bozoky</a>, <cite class="italique">La politique des reliques de Constantin à Saint Louis&nbsp;: protection collective et légitimation du pouvoir</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89ditions_Beauchesne?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Éditions Beauchesne">Éditions Beauchesne</a>, <time>2007</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&nbsp;111<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=La+politique+des+reliques+de+Constantin+%C3%A0+Saint+Louis+%3A+protection+collective+et+l%C3%A9gitimation+du+pouvoir&amp;rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+Beauchesne&amp;rft.aulast=Bozoky&amp;rft.aufirst=Edina&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft.pages=111&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AJean+le+Baptiste"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-108">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Craughwell2011"><span class="ouvrage" id="Thomas_J._Craughwell2011"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Thomas J. Craughwell, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Saints Preserved</cite>, Crown Publishing Group, <time>2011</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&nbsp;156<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Saints+Preserved&amp;rft.pub=Crown+Publishing+Group&amp;rft.aulast=Craughwell&amp;rft.aufirst=Thomas+J.&amp;rft.date=2011&amp;rft.pages=156&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AJean+le+Baptiste"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-110">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Dieter_Betz2007"><span class="ouvrage" id="Hans_Dieter_Betz2007">Hans Dieter Betz, <cite class="italique">Religion Past &amp; Present</cite>, Brill, <time>2007</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&nbsp;651<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Religion+Past+%26+Present&amp;rft.pub=Brill&amp;rft.au=Hans+Dieter+Betz&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft.pages=651&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AJean+le+Baptiste"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-111">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Une partie des reliques du saint avaient été transférées au <abbr class="abbr" title="4ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">IV</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr>&nbsp;siècle dans un <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Martyrium_(architecture)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Martyrium (architecture)">martyrium</a> construit sur les ruines du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%A9rap%C3%A9um_d%27Alexandrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sérapéum d'Alexandrie">Sérapéum d'Alexandrie</a>, sanctuaire païen détruit pour servir explicitement à la christianisation de ce lieu. Cf. <span class="ouvrage" id="Maraval1985"><span class="ouvrage" id="Pierre_Maraval1985"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pierre_Maraval_(historien)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pierre Maraval (historien)">Pierre Maraval</a>, <cite class="italique">Lieux saints et pèlerinages d'Orient&nbsp;: histoire et géographie des origines à la conquête arabe</cite>, Cerf, <time>1985</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&nbsp;51<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Lieux+saints+et+p%C3%A8lerinages+d%27Orient+%3A+histoire+et+g%C3%A9ographie+des+origines+%C3%A0+la+conqu%C3%AAte+arabe&amp;rft.pub=Cerf&amp;rft.aulast=Maraval&amp;rft.aufirst=Pierre&amp;rft.date=1985&amp;rft.pages=51&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AJean+le+Baptiste"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-112">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Prieur1999"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jean_Prieur1999"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jean_Prieur_(historien)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jean Prieur (historien)">Jean Prieur</a>, Hyacinthe Vulliez, <cite class="italique">Saints et saintes de Savoie</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/La_Fontaine_de_Silo%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="La Fontaine de Siloé">La Fontaine de Siloé</a>, <time>1999</time>, 191&nbsp;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-84206-465-5?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-84206-465-5"><span class="nowrap">978-2-84206-465-5</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DH0nJjCgPKeYC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover">lire en ligne</a>)</small>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr>&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">20-23</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Saints+et+saintes+de+Savoie&amp;rft.pub=La+Fontaine+de+Silo%C3%A9&amp;rft.aulast=Prieur&amp;rft.aufirst=Jean&amp;rft.date=1999&amp;rft.pages=20-23&amp;rft.tpages=191&amp;rft.isbn=978-2-84206-465-5&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AJean+le+Baptiste"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-113">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Abbé Truchet, <i>Histoire hagiologique du diocèse de Maurienne</i>, Chambéry, 1867 <small>[<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://books.google.fr/books?id%3DR-wAw5041u0C%26pg%3DPA13">lire en ligne</a>]</small>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr>&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">13-37</span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-auzas-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-auzas_114-0">a</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-auzas_114-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pierre-Marie_Auzas?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pierre-Marie Auzas">Pierre-Marie Auzas</a>, <i>Le trésor de Saint-Jean-du-Doigt</i>, catalogue chronologique, t. LIX, Mémoires de la société d'histoire et archéologie de Bretagne, 1982.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-:0-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:0_115-0">a</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:0_115-1">b</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:0_115-2">c</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:0_115-3">d</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:0_115-4">e</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:0_115-5">f</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:0_115-6">g</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text">Pierre Lory, «&nbsp;Jean-Baptiste&nbsp;» dans le <i>Dictionnaire du Coran</i>, p. 435-436.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-117">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Pierre Lory dans le <i>Dictionnaire du Coran</i>, éd. Robert Laffont, 2007, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr>&nbsp;435.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-118">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.musee-orsay.fr/fr/collections/catalogue-des-oeuvres/notice.html?nnumid%3D6469">«&nbsp;Saint Jean-Baptiste enfant&nbsp;»</a>, notice sur musee-orsay.fr.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Jean-Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-119">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Selon une légende locale amiennoise, la princesse juive s'apprête à lui donner un coup de couteau tandis que Salomé s'évanouit, probablement victime du «&nbsp;mal saint-Jean&nbsp;», c'est-à-dire l'épilepsie.</span></li> </ol> </div> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Voir_aussi">Voir aussi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Jean_le_Baptiste&amp;action=edit&amp;section=39&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Voir aussi" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r194021218">.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>.titre{text-align:center;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li{list-style:none;margin:0.2em 0;text-indent:0;padding-left:24px;min-height:20px;text-align:left;display:block}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li>a{font-style:italic}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .autres-projets{float:none}}</style> <div class="autres-projets boite-grise boite-a-droite noprint js-interprojets"> <p class="titre">Sur les autres projets Wikimedia&nbsp;:</p> <ul class="noarchive plainlinks"> <li class="commons"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Saint_John_the_Baptist?uselang%3Dfr">Jean le Baptiste</a>, sur <span class="project">Wikimedia Commons</span></li> </ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Bibliographie">Bibliographie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Jean_le_Baptiste&amp;action=edit&amp;section=40&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Bibliographie" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Historiens">Historiens</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Jean_le_Baptiste&amp;action=edit&amp;section=41&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Historiens" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Blanchetière2001"><span class="ouvrage" id="François_Blanchetière2001"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Blancheti%C3%A8re?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="François Blanchetière">François <span class="nom_auteur">Blanchetière</span></a>, <cite class="italique">Enquête sur les racines juives du mouvement chrétien</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89ditions_du_Cerf?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Éditions du Cerf">Éditions du Cerf</a>, <time>2001</time>, 587&nbsp;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-204-06215-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-204-06215-2"><span class="nowrap">978-2-204-06215-2</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Enqu%C3%AAte+sur+les+racines+juives+du+mouvement+chr%C3%A9tien&amp;rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+du+Cerf&amp;rft.aulast=Blancheti%C3%A8re&amp;rft.aufirst=Fran%C3%A7ois&amp;rft.date=2001&amp;rft.tpages=587&amp;rft.isbn=978-2-204-06215-2&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AJean+le+Baptiste"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Simon_Claude_Mimouni?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Simon Claude Mimouni">Simon Claude Mimouni</a>, <i>Le judaïsme ancien du <abbr class="abbr" title="6ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">VI</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr>&nbsp;siècle avant notre ère au <abbr class="abbr" title="3ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">III</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr>&nbsp;siècle de notre ère</i>, Paris, 2012, éd. <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Presses_universitaires_de_France?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Presses universitaires de France">PUF</a> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-13-056396-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-13-056396-9"><span class="nowrap">978-2-13-056396-9</span></a>)</small>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christian-Georges_Schwentzel?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christian-Georges Schwentzel">Christian-Georges Schwentzel</a>, <i>Hérode le Grand</i>, Pygmalion, Paris, 2011 <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/9782756404721?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/9782756404721"><span class="nowrap">9782756404721</span></a>)</small>.</li> <li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Lester L. Grabbe, <i>Judaïsm from Cyrus to Hadrian</i>, Vol. <abbr class="abbr" title="2"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">II</span></abbr>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Augsburg_Fortress?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Augsburg Fortress">Fortress Press</a>, Minneapolis, 1992 <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/0-8006-2621-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/0-8006-2621-4"><span class="nowrap">0-8006-2621-4</span></a>)</small>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pierre_Geoltrain?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pierre Geoltrain">Pierre Geoltrain</a>, <i>Aux origines du christianisme</i>, Introduction, Gallimard et le Monde de la Bible, «&nbsp;Folio&nbsp;», 2000.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gilbert_Charles-Picard?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gilbert Charles-Picard">Gilbert Picard</a>, «&nbsp;La date de naissance de Jésus du point de vue romain&nbsp;», dans <i>Comptes-rendus des séances de l'Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres</i>, vol. 139, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr>&nbsp;3, 1995.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Nodet?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Étienne Nodet">Étienne Nodet</a>, «&nbsp;Machéronte (Machaerus) et Jean Baptiste&nbsp;», <i>Revue biblique</i> <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr>&nbsp;121, 2014, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr>&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">267-282</span>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pierre_Lory?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pierre Lory">Pierre Lory</a> dans <i>Dictionnaire du Coran</i>, éd. Robert Laffont, 2007.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Paul?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="André Paul">André Paul</a>, <i>Qumran et les Esséniens. L’éclatement d’un dogme</i>, Cerf, 2008.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="universitaire2014"><span class="ouvrage" id="Collectif_universitaire2014">Collectif universitaire, <cite class="italique">Jean-Baptiste&nbsp;: Le précurseur au Moyen Âge</cite>, Presses universitaires de Provence, <time>2014</time>, 240&nbsp;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-85399-498-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-85399-498-9"><span class="nowrap">978-2-85399-498-9</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://books.google.fr/books?id%3DmqMVCwAAQBAJ">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Jean-Baptiste&amp;rft.pub=Presses+universitaires+de+Provence&amp;rft.stitle=Le+pr%C3%A9curseur+au+Moyen+%C3%82ge&amp;rft.aulast=universitaire&amp;rft.aufirst=Collectif&amp;rft.date=2014&amp;rft.tpages=240&amp;rft.isbn=978-2-85399-498-9&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AJean+le+Baptiste"></span></span></span> <div style="margin-left:2em; line-height:1.5;"> étude de textes médiévaux concernant la vie de Jean-Baptiste ou s'y référant. </div></li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Essais">Essais</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Jean_le_Baptiste&amp;action=edit&amp;section=42&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Essais" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Patrick_Banon&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Patrick Banon (page inexistante)">Patrick Banon</a>, <i>Le Jumeau du Christ</i>, biographie de Jean-Baptiste, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Presses_de_la_Renaissance?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Presses de la Renaissance">éditions des Presses de la Renaissance</a>, 2010 <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-7509-0520-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-7509-0520-0"><span class="nowrap">978-2-7509-0520-0</span></a>)</small>.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alexandre_Najjar?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alexandre Najjar">Alexandre Najjar</a>, <i>Saint Jean-Baptiste</i>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pygmalion_(maison_d%27%C3%A9dition)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pygmalion (maison d'édition)">éditions Pygmalion</a>, Coll. Chemins d'éternité, Paris, 2005 <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/2-85704-854-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/2-85704-854-8"><span class="nowrap">2-85704-854-8</span></a>)</small>.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Articles_connexes">Articles connexes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Jean_le_Baptiste&amp;action=edit&amp;section=43&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Articles connexes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <div style="column-count:2;column-gap:1em;" class="colonnes"> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/H%C3%A9rodiade?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hérodiade">Hérodiade</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Salom%C3%A9_(fille_d%27H%C3%A9rodiade)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Salomé (fille d'Hérodiade)">Salomé (fille d'Hérodiade)</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/H%C3%A9rode_Antipas?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hérode Antipas">Hérode Antipas</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/J%C3%A9sus_de_Nazareth?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jésus de Nazareth">Jésus de Nazareth</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Date_de_la_mort_de_Jean_Baptiste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Date de la mort de Jean Baptiste">Date de la mort de Jean Baptiste</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Proph%C3%A8te?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prophète">Prophète</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Proph%C3%A8tes_de_l%27islam?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prophètes de l'islam">Prophètes de l'islam</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bapt%C3%AAme?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baptême">Baptême</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Jean_le_Baptiste&amp;action=edit&amp;section=44&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Liens externes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> <ul> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><span class="liste-horizontale noarchive"><span class="wd_identifiers">Ressources relatives aux beaux-arts<span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40662?uselang%3Dfr%23identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"> <noscript> <img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 10px;height: 10px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" data-alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" data-width="10" data-height="10" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span></span></span>&nbsp;: <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/BIOG132994"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">British Museum</span></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://ta.sandrart.net/en/person/view/10"><span class="lang-de" lang="de">Sandrart.net</span></a></li> </ul></span></li> <li><span class="liste-horizontale noarchive"><span class="wd_identifiers">Ressource relative à la littérature<span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40662?uselang%3Dfr%23identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"> <noscript> <img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span 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title="Portail de l’ordre de Saint-Jean de Jérusalem"> <noscript> <img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/24px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 24px;height: 24px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/24px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png" data-alt="icône décorative" data-width="24" data-height="24" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/36px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg/48px-Cross_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span></span> <span 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href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Jean_le_Baptiste&amp;action=history&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="Manacore" data-user-gender="female" data-timestamp="1731712671"> <span>Dernière modification le 16 novembre 2024, à 00:17</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Langues</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_die_Doper" title="Johannes die Doper&nbsp;–&nbsp;afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Johannes die Doper" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_der_T%25C3%25A4ufer" title="Johannes der Täufer&nbsp;–&nbsp;alémanique" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Johannes der Täufer" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="alémanique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2588%2598%25E1%258C%25A5%25E1%2588%259D%25E1%2589%2581_%25E1%258B%25AE%25E1%2588%2590%25E1%258A%2595%25E1%2588%25B5" title="መጥምቁ ዮሐንስ&nbsp;–&nbsp;amharique" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="መጥምቁ ዮሐንስ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sant_Chuan_Baptista" title="Sant Chuan Baptista&nbsp;–&nbsp;aragonais" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Sant Chuan Baptista" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%258A%25D9%2588%25D8%25AD%25D9%2586%25D8%25A7_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2585%25D8%25B9%25D9%2585%25D8%25AF%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586" title="يوحنا المعمدان&nbsp;–&nbsp;arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="يوحنا المعمدان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DC%259D%25DC%2598%25DC%259A%25DC%25A2%25DC%25A2_%25DC%25A1%25DC%25A5%25DC%25A1%25DC%2595%25DC%25A2%25DC%2590" title="ܝܘܚܢܢ ܡܥܡܕܢܐ&nbsp;–&nbsp;araméen" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܝܘܚܢܢ ܡܥܡܕܢܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="araméen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%258A%25D9%2588%25D8%25AD%25D9%2586%25D8%25A7_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2585%25D8%25B9%25D9%2585%25D8%25AF%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586" title="يوحنا المعمدان&nbsp;–&nbsp;arabe égyptien" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="يوحنا المعمدان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabe égyptien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xuan_Bautista" title="Xuan Bautista&nbsp;–&nbsp;asturien" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Xuan Bautista" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%25C9%2599ftiz%25C3%25A7i_%25C4%25B0ohann" title="Vəftizçi İohann&nbsp;–&nbsp;azerbaïdjanais" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Vəftizçi İohann" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaïdjanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DB%258C%25D8%25AD%25DB%258C%25DB%258C" title="یحیی&nbsp;–&nbsp;South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="یحیی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2586%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD_%25D0%259F%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B4%25D1%2586%25D0%25B5%25D1%2587%25D0%25B0" title="Іаан Прадцеча&nbsp;–&nbsp;biélorusse" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Іаан Прадцеча" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="biélorusse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25AF%25D0%25BD_%25D0%25A5%25D1%2580%25D1%258B%25D1%2581%25D1%258C%25D1%2586%25D1%2596%25D1%2586%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BB%25D1%258C" title="Ян Хрысьціцель&nbsp;–&nbsp;Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ян Хрысьціцель" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2599%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD_%25D0%259A%25D1%2580%25D1%258A%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BB" title="Йоан Кръстител&nbsp;–&nbsp;bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Йоан Кръстител" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%25AC%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25AA%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25A4%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A6%25B8%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25AE%25E0%25A6%25A6%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25A4%25E0%25A6%25BE_%25E0%25A6%25AF%25E0%25A7%258B%25E0%25A6%25B9%25E0%25A6%25A8" title="বাপ্তিস্মদাতা যোহন&nbsp;–&nbsp;bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বাপ্তিস্মদাতা যোহন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yann_ar_Badezour" title="Yann ar Badezour&nbsp;–&nbsp;breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Yann ar Badezour" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Baptista" title="Joan Baptista&nbsp;–&nbsp;catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Joan Baptista" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%25C4%2595-s%25C4%2581%25CC%25A4-l%25C4%2581%25CC%25A4_I%25C3%25B3k-h%25C3%25A2ng" title="Siĕ-sā̤-lā̤ Iók-hâng&nbsp;–&nbsp;Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Siĕ-sā̤-lā̤ Iók-hâng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DB%258C%25DB%2595%25D8%25AD%25DB%258C%25D8%25A7" title="یەحیا&nbsp;–&nbsp;sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="یەحیا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahya_Pey%25C4%259Famber" title="Yahya Peyğamber&nbsp;–&nbsp;tatar de Crimée" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Yahya Peyğamber" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="tatar de Crimée" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_K%25C5%2599titel" title="Jan Křtitel&nbsp;–&nbsp;tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jan Křtitel" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2598%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BD_%25D0%25A2%25C4%2595%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B5_%25D0%25BA%25C4%2595%25D1%2580%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD" title="Иоанн Тĕне кĕртекен&nbsp;–&nbsp;tchouvache" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Иоанн Тĕне кĕртекен" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tchouvache" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioan_Fedyddiwr" title="Ioan Fedyddiwr&nbsp;–&nbsp;gallois" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ioan Fedyddiwr" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_D%25C3%25B8beren" title="Johannes Døberen&nbsp;–&nbsp;danois" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Johannes Døberen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_der_T%25C3%25A4ufer" title="Johannes der Täufer&nbsp;–&nbsp;allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Johannes der Täufer" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahya" title="Yahya&nbsp;–&nbsp;Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Yahya" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DE%2594%25DE%25A6%25DE%2599%25DE%25B0%25DE%2594%25DE%25A7%25DE%258E%25DE%25AC%25DE%258A%25DE%25A7%25DE%2582%25DE%25AA" title="ޔަޙްޔާގެފާނު&nbsp;–&nbsp;maldivien" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ޔަޙްޔާގެފާނު" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="maldivien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%2599%25CF%2589%25CE%25AC%25CE%25BD%25CE%25BD%25CE%25B7%25CF%2582_%25CE%25BF_%25CE%2592%25CE%25B1%25CF%2580%25CF%2584%25CE%25B9%25CF%2583%25CF%2584%25CE%25AE%25CF%2582" title="Ιωάννης ο Βαπτιστής&nbsp;–&nbsp;grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ιωάννης ο Βαπτιστής" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist&nbsp;–&nbsp;anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="John the Baptist" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johano_la_Baptisto" title="Johano la Baptisto&nbsp;–&nbsp;espéranto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Johano la Baptisto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="espéranto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_el_Bautista" title="Juan el Bautista&nbsp;–&nbsp;espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Juan el Bautista" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ristija_Johannes" title="Ristija Johannes&nbsp;–&nbsp;estonien" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ristija Johannes" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joanes_Bataiatzailea" title="Joanes Bataiatzailea&nbsp;–&nbsp;basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Joanes Bataiatzailea" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DB%258C%25D8%25AD%25DB%258C%25DB%258C" title="یحیی&nbsp;–&nbsp;persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="یحیی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Kastaja" title="Johannes Kastaja&nbsp;–&nbsp;finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Johannes Kastaja" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%25C3%25B3hannes_Doyparin" title="Jóhannes Doyparin&nbsp;–&nbsp;féroïen" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Jóhannes Doyparin" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="féroïen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fon mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://fon.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%25C9%259Bhw%25C3%25A8_J%25C4%2583an_Y%25C9%259Bhwesinl%25C9%259Bnumet%25C9%2594%25CC%2581" title="Yɛhwè Jăan Yɛhwesinlɛnumetɔ́&nbsp;–&nbsp;fon" lang="fon" hreflang="fon" data-title="Yɛhwè Jăan Yɛhwesinlɛnumetɔ́" data-language-autonym="Fɔ̀ngbè" data-language-local-name="fon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fɔ̀ngbè</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jehannes_de_Doper" title="Jehannes de Doper&nbsp;–&nbsp;frison occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Jehannes de Doper" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frison occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eoin_Baiste" title="Eoin Baiste&nbsp;–&nbsp;irlandais" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Eoin Baiste" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/E%25C3%25B2in_Baistidh" title="Eòin Baistidh&nbsp;–&nbsp;gaélique écossais" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Eòin Baistidh" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaélique écossais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xo%25C3%25A1n_Bautista" title="Xoán Bautista&nbsp;–&nbsp;galicien" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Xoán Bautista" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AA%25AF%25E0%25AB%258B%25E0%25AA%25B9%25E0%25AA%25BE%25E0%25AA%25A8" title="યોહાન&nbsp;–&nbsp;goudjarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="યોહાન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="goudjarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%2599%25D7%2595%25D7%2597%25D7%25A0%25D7%259F_%25D7%2594%25D7%259E%25D7%2598%25D7%2591%25D7%2599%25D7%259C" title="יוחנן המטביל&nbsp;–&nbsp;hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יוחנן המטביל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B9%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25BE_(%25E0%25A4%25AA%25E0%25A5%2588%25E0%25A4%2597%25E0%25A4%25BC%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AC%25E0%25A4%25B0)" title="याह्या (पैग़म्बर)&nbsp;–&nbsp;hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="याह्या (पैग़म्बर)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Krstitelj" title="Ivan Krstitelj&nbsp;–&nbsp;croate" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ivan Krstitelj" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_K%25C5%2599%25C4%2587enik" title="Jan Křćenik&nbsp;–&nbsp;haut-sorabe" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Jan Křćenik" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="haut-sorabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keresztel%25C5%2591_J%25C3%25A1nos" title="Keresztelő János&nbsp;–&nbsp;hongrois" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Keresztelő János" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongrois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D5%2580%25D5%25B8%25D5%25BE%25D5%25B0%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B6%25D5%25B6%25D5%25A5%25D5%25BD_%25D5%2584%25D5%25AF%25D6%2580%25D5%25BF%25D5%25AB%25D5%25B9" title="Հովհաննես Մկրտիչ&nbsp;–&nbsp;arménien" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հովհաննես Մկրտիչ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Pemaptisa" title="John Pemaptisa&nbsp;–&nbsp;iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="John Pemaptisa" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yohanes_Pembaptis" title="Yohanes Pembaptis&nbsp;–&nbsp;indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Yohanes Pembaptis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%25C3%25B3hannes_sk%25C3%25ADrari" title="Jóhannes skírari&nbsp;–&nbsp;islandais" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Jóhannes skírari" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Battista" title="Giovanni Battista&nbsp;–&nbsp;italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Giovanni Battista" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%25B4%2597%25E7%25A4%25BC%25E8%2580%2585%25E3%2583%25A8%25E3%2583%258F%25E3%2583%258D" title="洗礼者ヨハネ&nbsp;–&nbsp;japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="洗礼者ヨハネ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yohanes_Pambaptis" title="Yohanes Pambaptis&nbsp;–&nbsp;javanais" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Yohanes Pambaptis" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%259D%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%2594_%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%2597%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%25A1%25E1%2583%259B%25E1%2583%25AA%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%259B%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%2598" title="იოანე ნათლისმცემელი&nbsp;–&nbsp;géorgien" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="იოანე ნათლისმცემელი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="géorgien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2596%25D0%25B0%25D2%259B%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F_(%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B9%25D2%2593%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580)" title="Жақия (пайғамбар)&nbsp;–&nbsp;kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жақия (пайғамбар)" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EC%2584%25B8%25EB%25A1%2580%25EC%259E%2590_%25EC%259A%2594%25ED%2595%259C" title="세례자 요한&nbsp;–&nbsp;coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="세례자 요한" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%25C3%25BBhenay%25C3%25AA_Noqkar" title="Yûhenayê Noqkar&nbsp;–&nbsp;kurde" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Yûhenayê Noqkar" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurde" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioannes_Baptista" title="Ioannes Baptista&nbsp;–&nbsp;latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ioannes Baptista" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25AF%25D1%2585%25D3%2580%25D1%258F_%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B2%25D1%2581" title="ЯхӀя идавс&nbsp;–&nbsp;Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="ЯхӀя идавс" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_de_Duiper" title="Johannes de Duiper&nbsp;–&nbsp;limbourgeois" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Johannes de Duiper" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limbourgeois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Gio%25C3%25A2ne_Batista" title="San Gioâne Batista&nbsp;–&nbsp;ligure" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="San Gioâne Batista" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="ligure" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gioann_Batista" title="Gioann Batista&nbsp;–&nbsp;lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Gioann Batista" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoane_Mobatisi" title="Yoane Mobatisi&nbsp;–&nbsp;lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Yoane Mobatisi" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonas_Krik%25C5%25A1tytojas" title="Jonas Krikštytojas&nbsp;–&nbsp;lituanien" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Jonas Krikštytojas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituanien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%25C4%2581nis_Krist%25C4%25ABt%25C4%2581js" title="Jānis Kristītājs&nbsp;–&nbsp;letton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Jānis Kristītājs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joany_Batista" title="Joany Batista&nbsp;–&nbsp;malgache" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Joany Batista" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgache" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2588%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD_%25D0%259A%25D1%2580%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BB" title="Јован Крстител&nbsp;–&nbsp;macédonien" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Јован Крстител" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macédonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B4%25B8%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%25A8%25E0%25B4%25BE%25E0%25B4%25AA%25E0%25B4%2595%25E0%25B4%25AF%25E0%25B5%258B%25E0%25B4%25B9%25E0%25B4%25A8%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%25A8%25E0%25B4%25BE%25E0%25B5%25BB" title="സ്നാപകയോഹന്നാൻ&nbsp;–&nbsp;malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സ്നാപകയോഹന്നാൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Pembaptis" title="John Pembaptis&nbsp;–&nbsp;malais" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="John Pembaptis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C4%25A0wanni_l-Battista" title="Ġwanni l-Battista&nbsp;–&nbsp;maltais" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Ġwanni l-Battista" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_de_Doper" title="Johannes de Doper&nbsp;–&nbsp;néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Johannes de Doper" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%25C3%25B8yparen_Johannes" title="Døyparen Johannes&nbsp;–&nbsp;norvégien nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Døyparen Johannes" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvégien nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%25C3%25B8peren_Johannes" title="Døperen Johannes&nbsp;–&nbsp;norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Døperen Johannes" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Batista" title="Joan Batista&nbsp;–&nbsp;occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Joan Batista" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2598%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BD_%25D0%2590%25D1%2580%25D0%25B3%25D1%258A%25D0%25B0%25D1%2583%25C3%25A6%25D0%25B3" title="Иоанн Аргъауæг&nbsp;–&nbsp;ossète" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Иоанн Аргъауæг" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossète" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Jean_Batisse" title="Saint Jean Batisse&nbsp;–&nbsp;picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Saint Jean Batisse" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Chrzciciel" title="Jan Chrzciciel&nbsp;–&nbsp;polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jan Chrzciciel" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DB%258C%25D9%2588%25D8%25AD%25D9%2586%25D8%25A7_%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B5%25D8%25B7%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7%25D8%25BA%25DB%258C" title="یوحنا اصطباغی&nbsp;–&nbsp;Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="یوحنا اصطباغی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%258A%25D8%25AD%25D9%258A%25DB%258C" title="يحيی&nbsp;–&nbsp;pachto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="يحيی" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pachto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jo%25C3%25A3o_Batista" title="João Batista&nbsp;–&nbsp;portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="João Batista" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huwan_Bawtista" title="Huwan Bawtista&nbsp;–&nbsp;quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Huwan Bawtista" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioan_Botez%25C4%2583torul" title="Ioan Botezătorul&nbsp;–&nbsp;roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ioan Botezătorul" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="article de qualité"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2598%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BD_%25D0%259A%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BB%25D1%258C" title="Иоанн Креститель&nbsp;–&nbsp;russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Иоанн Креститель" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giuanne_Battista" title="Giuanne Battista&nbsp;–&nbsp;sarde" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Giuanne Battista" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sarde" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%25C3%25A1stta%25C5%25A1eaddji_Johanas" title="Gásttašeaddji Johanas&nbsp;–&nbsp;same du Nord" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Gásttašeaddji Johanas" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="same du Nord" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johanan_Krstitelj" title="Johanan Krstitelj&nbsp;–&nbsp;serbo-croate" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Johanan Krstitelj" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist&nbsp;–&nbsp;Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="John the Baptist" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%25C3%25A1n_Krstite%25C4%25BE" title="Ján Krstiteľ&nbsp;–&nbsp;slovaque" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ján Krstiteľ" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janez_Krstnik" title="Janez Krstnik&nbsp;–&nbsp;slovène" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Janez Krstnik" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nabi_Yaxye_C.S." title="Nabi Yaxye C.S.&nbsp;–&nbsp;somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Nabi Yaxye C.S." data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Pararend%25C3%25ABsi_dhe_Pag%25C3%25ABzori" title="Joan Pararendësi dhe Pagëzori&nbsp;–&nbsp;albanais" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Joan Pararendësi dhe Pagëzori" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A1%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B5%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8_%25D0%2588%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD_%25D0%259A%25D1%2580%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D1%2599" title="Свети Јован Крститељ&nbsp;–&nbsp;serbe" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Свети Јован Крститељ" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_D%25C3%25B6paren" title="Johannes Döparen&nbsp;–&nbsp;suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Johannes Döparen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yohane_Mbatizaji" title="Yohane Mbatizaji&nbsp;–&nbsp;swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Yohane Mbatizaji" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AE%25A4%25E0%25AE%25BF%25E0%25AE%25B0%25E0%25AF%2581%25E0%25AE%25AE%25E0%25AF%2581%25E0%25AE%25B4%25E0%25AF%2581%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AF%2581_%25E0%25AE%25AF%25E0%25AF%258B%25E0%25AE%25B5%25E0%25AE%25BE%25E0%25AE%25A9%25E0%25AF%258D" title="திருமுழுக்கு யோவான்&nbsp;–&nbsp;tamoul" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="திருமுழுக்கு யோவான்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamoul" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B8%25A2%25E0%25B8%25AD%25E0%25B8%25AB%25E0%25B9%258C%25E0%25B8%2599%25E0%25B8%259C%25E0%25B8%25B9%25E0%25B9%2589%25E0%25B9%2583%25E0%25B8%25AB%25E0%25B9%2589%25E0%25B8%259A%25E0%25B8%25B1%25E0%25B8%259E%25E0%25B8%2595%25E0%25B8%25B4%25E0%25B8%25A8%25E0%25B8%25A1%25E0%25B8%25B2" title="ยอห์นผู้ให้บัพติศมา&nbsp;–&nbsp;thaï" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ยอห์นผู้ให้บัพติศมา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thaï" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Bautista" title="Juan Bautista&nbsp;–&nbsp;tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Juan Bautista" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahya" title="Yahya&nbsp;–&nbsp;turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yahya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%258A%25DB%2595%25DA%25BE%25D9%258A%25D8%25A7_%25D8%25A6%25DB%2595%25D9%2584%25DB%2595%25D9%258A%25DA%25BE%25D9%2589%25D8%25B3%25D8%25B3%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7%25D9%2585" title="يەھيا ئەلەيھىسسالام&nbsp;–&nbsp;ouïghour" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="يەھيا ئەلەيھىسسالام" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="ouïghour" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2586%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD_%25D0%25A5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BB%25D1%258C" title="Іван Хреститель&nbsp;–&nbsp;ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Іван Хреститель" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DB%258C%25D9%2588%25D8%25AD%25D9%2586%25D8%25A7_%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B5%25D8%25B7%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7%25D8%25BA%25DB%258C" title="یوحنا اصطباغی&nbsp;–&nbsp;ourdou" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="یوحنا اصطباغی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ourdou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahyo" title="Yahyo&nbsp;–&nbsp;ouzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Yahyo" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ouzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joani_Batista" title="Joani Batista&nbsp;–&nbsp;vénitien" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Joani Batista" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="vénitien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gioan_Baotixita" title="Gioan Baotixita&nbsp;–&nbsp;vietnamien" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Gioan Baotixita" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Juan_Bautista" title="San Juan Bautista&nbsp;–&nbsp;waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="San Juan Bautista" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%2596%25BD%25E6%25B4%2597%25E7%25BA%25A6%25E7%25BF%25B0" title="施洗约翰&nbsp;–&nbsp;wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="施洗约翰" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%2596%25BD%25E6%25B4%2597%25E7%25B4%2584%25E7%25BF%25B0" title="施洗約翰&nbsp;–&nbsp;chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="施洗約翰" data-language-autonym="中文" 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