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class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">José María Gil-Robles y Quiñones</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 20 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-20" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">20 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%87_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%B2" title="خوسيه ماريا جيل روبلز - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="خوسيه ماريا جيل روبلز" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%87_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%B2" title="خوسيه ماريا جيل روبلز - arabo egiziano" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="خوسيه ماريا جيل روبلز" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabo egiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Gil-Robles_y_Qui%C3%B1ones" title="José María Gil-Robles y Quiñones - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="José María Gil-Robles y Quiñones" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Gil-Robles_y_Qui%C3%B1ones" title="José María Gil-Robles y Quiñones - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="José María Gil-Robles y Quiñones" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%BF%CF%83%CE%AD_%CE%9C%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CE%A7%CE%B9%CE%BB_%CE%A1%CF%8C%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%BB%CE%B5%CF%82_%CE%B9_%CE%9A%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B9%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%82" title="Χοσέ Μαρία Χιλ Ρόμπλες ι Κινιόνες - greco" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χοσέ Μαρία Χιλ Ρόμπλες ι Κινιόνες" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Gil-Robles_y_Qui%C3%B1ones" title="José María Gil-Robles y Quiñones - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="José María Gil-Robles y Quiñones" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Gil-Robles_y_Qui%C3%B1ones" title="José María Gil-Robles y Quiñones - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="José María Gil-Robles y Quiñones" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Gil-Robles" title="José María Gil-Robles - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="José María Gil-Robles" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Gil-Robles" title="José María Gil-Robles - basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="José María Gil-Robles" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Gil-Robles_y_Qui%C3%B1ones" title="José María Gil-Robles y Quiñones - finlandese" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="José María Gil-Robles y Quiñones" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Gil-Robles_y_Qui%C3%B1ones" title="José María Gil-Robles y Quiñones - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="José María Gil-Robles y Quiñones" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Gil_Robles" title="José María Gil Robles - galiziano" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="José María Gil Robles" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%94_%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%97%D7%99%D7%9C-%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%A1" title="חוסה מריה חיל-רובלס - ebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חוסה מריה חיל-רובלס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Gil-Robles_y_Qui%C3%B1ones_de_Le%C3%B3n" title="José María Gil-Robles y Quiñones de León - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="José María Gil-Robles y Quiñones de León" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Gil-Robles_y_Qui%C3%B1ones" title="José María Gil-Robles y Quiñones - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="José María Gil-Robles y Quiñones" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Gil-Robles" title="José María Gil-Robles - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="José María Gil-Robles" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C-%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81,_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Хиль-Роблес, Хосе Мария - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хиль-Роблес, Хосе Мария" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Gil-Robles_y_Qui%C3%B1ones" title="José María Gil-Robles y Quiñones - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="José María Gil-Robles y Quiñones" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%A5%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C-%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Хосе Марія Хіль-Роблес - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хосе Марія Хіль-Роблес" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BD%95%E5%A1%9E%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A%C2%B7%E5%B8%8C%E5%B0%94-%E7%BD%97%E5%A4%AB%E8%8E%B1%E6%96%AF" title="何塞·马里亚·希尔-罗夫莱斯 - cinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="何塞·马里亚·希尔-罗夫莱斯" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="cinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q504061#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica collegamenti interlinguistici" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica collegamenti</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespace"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Gil-Robles_y_Qui%C3%B1ones" title="Vedi la voce [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Voce</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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summary="Tabella sinottica che riassume i principali dati del soggetto"><tbody><tr class="sinottico_testata"><th colspan="2" style="background:#EAEAF7;color: black;">José María Gil-Robles y Quiñones</th></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Gil_Robles.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Gil_Robles.JPG/254px-Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Gil_Robles.JPG" decoding="async" width="254" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ca/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Gil_Robles.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="331" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2" style="padding:0;"><hr /> </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#EAEAF7;"><a href="/wiki/Ministero_della_difesa_(Spagna)" title="Ministero della difesa (Spagna)">Ministro della guerra della Repubblica Spagnola</a></th></tr><tr><th>Durata mandato</th><td>6 maggio <a href="/wiki/1935" title="1935">1935</a> –<br />14 dicembre <a href="/wiki/1935" title="1935">1935</a> </td></tr><tr><th>Capo del governo</th><td><a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Lerroux" title="Alejandro Lerroux">Alejandro Lerroux</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Chapaprieta" title="Joaquín Chapaprieta">Joaquín Chapaprieta</a> </td></tr><tr><th>Predecessore</th><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carlos_Masquelet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carlos Masquelet (la pagina non esiste)">Carlos Masquelet</a> </td></tr><tr><th>Successore</th><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicol%C3%A1s_Molero&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicolás Molero (la pagina non esiste)">Nicolás Molero</a> </td></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2" style="padding:0;"><hr /> </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#EAEAF7;"><a href="/wiki/Confederazione_Spagnola_delle_Destre_Autonome" title="Confederazione Spagnola delle Destre Autonome">Leader della Confederazione Spagnola delle Destre Autonome</a></th></tr><tr><th>Durata mandato</th><td>novembre <a href="/wiki/1933" title="1933">1933</a> –<br />19 aprile <a href="/wiki/1937" title="1937">1937</a> </td></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2" style="padding:0;"><hr /> </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background:#EAEAF7;color: black;">Dati generali</th></tr><tr><th>Partito politico</th><td><a href="/wiki/Confederazione_Spagnola_delle_Destre_Autonome" title="Confederazione Spagnola delle Destre Autonome">Confederazione Spagnola delle Destre Autonome</a><small><br />(1933-1937)</small> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Partito_Democratico_Cristiano_(Spagna)" title="Partito Democratico Cristiano (Spagna)">Partito Democratico Cristiano</a><small><br />(1977)</small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>José María Gil-Robles y Quiñones</b> (<a href="/wiki/Salamanca" title="Salamanca">Salamanca</a>, <a href="/wiki/22_novembre" title="22 novembre">22 novembre</a> <a href="/wiki/1898" title="1898">1898</a> – <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>, <a href="/wiki/14_settembre" title="14 settembre">14 settembre</a> <a href="/wiki/1980" title="1980">1980</a>) è stato un <a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">politico</a> <a href="/wiki/Spagna" title="Spagna">spagnolo</a>, deputato dal 1931 al 1939. Fondò la <a href="/wiki/CEDA" class="mw-redirect" title="CEDA">CEDA</a> e fu ministro della Guerra nel <a href="/wiki/1935" title="1935">1935</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biografia">Biografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Gil-Robles_y_Qui%C3%B1ones&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Biografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Gil-Robles_y_Qui%C3%B1ones&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Biografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nel 1922 divenne docente di Diritto politico all'Università di Santa Cruz di Tenerife. Nel <a href="/wiki/1931" title="1931">1931</a> fu eletto deputato per il Blocco agrario. A inizio <a href="/wiki/1933" title="1933">1933</a> fondò la CEDA (<a href="/wiki/Confederazione_Spagnola_delle_Destre_Autonome" title="Confederazione Spagnola delle Destre Autonome">Confederazione Spagnola delle Destre Autonome</a>) che alle elezioni del novembre ottenne la maggioranza relativa (115 seggi su 400). Nel maggio <a href="/wiki/1935" title="1935">1935</a> divenne <a href="/wiki/Ministro" title="Ministro">ministro</a> della Guerra, promuovendo militari che avrebbero avuto un ruolo nell'<a href="/wiki/Alzamiento" class="mw-redirect" title="Alzamiento">Alzamiento</a> del <a href="/wiki/1936" title="1936">1936</a> come <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Franco" title="Francisco Franco">Francisco Franco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emilio_Mola" title="Emilio Mola">Emilio Mola</a> e <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Enrique_Varela" title="José Enrique Varela">José Enrique Varela</a>. Restò ministro fino a dicembre.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nel febbraio <a href="/wiki/1936" title="1936">1936</a> la destra perse le elezioni e Gil Robles, rieletto alle Cortes, dopo l'assassinio di <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Calvo_Sotelo" title="José Calvo Sotelo">José Calvo Sotelo</a>, divenne il leader dell'opposizione alla sinistra e durante la <a href="/wiki/Guerra_civile_spagnola" title="Guerra civile spagnola">guerra civile spagnola</a>, che egli trascorse in Portogallo, i miliziani della CEDA sostennero i <a href="/wiki/Nazionalismo_spagnolo" title="Nazionalismo spagnolo">nazionalisti</a>. </p><p>Dal 1939 si avvicinò alla monarchia e tornò in Spagna solo nel <a href="/wiki/1953" title="1953">1953</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Alla fine degli anni Cinquanta passò su posizioni più moderate, insieme a un ex falangista, lo scrittore <a href="/wiki/Dionisio_Ridruejo" title="Dionisio Ridruejo">Dionisio Ridruejo</a>, e nel <a href="/wiki/1962" title="1962">1962</a>, dopo la riunione dell'opposizione conservatrice di <a href="/wiki/Monaco_di_Baviera" title="Monaco di Baviera">Monaco</a>, preferì andare in esilio<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Nel <a href="/wiki/1968" title="1968">1968</a> tornò a insegnare, a Oviedo. Dopo la morte di Franco fondò la <i>Democracia Social Cristiana</i>, ma alle elezioni del <a href="/wiki/1977" title="1977">1977</a> non fu eletto. </p><p>Suo figlio <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Gil-Robles" title="José María Gil-Robles">José María</a> è stato <a href="/wiki/Presidente_del_Parlamento_europeo" title="Presidente del Parlamento europeo">Presidente del Parlamento europeo</a> dal <a href="/wiki/1997" title="1997">1997</a> al <a href="/wiki/1999" title="1999">1999</a>, per il <i><a href="/wiki/Partido_Popular" class="mw-redirect" title="Partido Popular">Partido Popular</a></i>, mentre il figlio <a href="/wiki/%C3%81lvaro_Gil-Robles" title="Álvaro Gil-Robles">Alvaro</a> è stato <a href="/wiki/Commissario_per_i_diritti_umani_del_Consiglio_d%27Europa" title="Commissario per i diritti umani del Consiglio d'Europa">Commissario per i diritti umani del Consiglio d'Europa</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Gil-Robles_y_Qui%C3%B1ones&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Gil-Robles_y_Qui%C3%B1ones&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.it/books?id=ctqWzmdRIu8C&pg=PA77&lpg=PA77&dq=ceda+jos%C3%A8+maria+gil+robles&source=bl&ots=KEu9sg85yB&sig=Ucm4cbtRCDTKnH0a8SugdbOlscc&hl=it&sa=X&ei=PSpvULXhMYjdtAaTioHACQ&ved=0CH4Q6AEwEA#v=onepage&q=ceda%20jos%C3%A8%20maria%20gil%20robles&f=false">Pietro Barbieri, <i>Le cause della Guerra civile spagnola</i>, Robon, 2006, pagina 77</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/gil-robles-jose-maria/">Gil Robles Jose Maria nell'Enciclopedia Treccani</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Dario Puccini, <i>Romancero della Resistenza spagnola</i>, Laterza, 1974, pagina 567</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Gil-Robles_y_Qui%C3%B1ones&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a 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class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Gil-Robles_y_Qui%C3%B1ones&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Gil-Robles_y_Qui%C3%B1ones&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFTreccani.it" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/gil-robles-jose-maria"><span style="font-style:italic;">Gil Robles, José María</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">Treccani.it – Enciclopedie on line</span>, <a href="/wiki/Istituto_dell%27Enciclopedia_Italiana" title="Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana">Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana</a>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504061#P3365" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFDizionario_di_storia" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/gil-robles-jose-maria_(Dizionario-di-Storia)/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Gil Robles, José Maria</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Dizionario di storia</span>, <a href="/wiki/Istituto_dell%27Enciclopedia_Italiana" title="Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana">Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana</a>, 2010.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504061#P6404" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBritannica.com" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jose-Maria-Gil-Robles-y-Quinones"><span style="font-style:italic;">José María Gil Robles</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Britannica" title="Enciclopedia Britannica">Enciclopedia Britannica</a></span>, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504061#P1417" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFDBE" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="spagnolo">ES</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbe.rah.es/biografias/10687/jose-maria-gil-robles-y-quinones"><span style="font-style:italic;">José María Gil-Robles y Quiñones</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Dizionario_biografico_spagnolo" title="Dizionario biografico spagnolo">Diccionario biográfico español</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Real_Academia_de_la_Historia" title="Real Academia de la Historia">Real Academia de la Historia</a>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504061#P4459" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFOpen_Library" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/works/OL1274057A"><span style="font-style:italic;">Opere di José María Gil-Robles y Quiñones</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive#Open_Library" title="Internet Archive">Open Library</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504061#P648" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img 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