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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Taxonomy and origins</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Taxonomy_and_origins-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Taxonomy and origins subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Taxonomy_and_origins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Classification" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Classification"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Classification</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Classification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Evolution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Evolution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Evolution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Evolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Extinct_species" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Extinct_species"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Extinct species</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Extinct_species-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Characteristics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Characteristics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Characteristics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Characteristics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Distribution_and_status" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Distribution_and_status"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Distribution and status</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Distribution_and_status-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Behaviour_and_ecology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Behaviour_and_ecology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Behaviour and ecology</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Behaviour_and_ecology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Behaviour and ecology subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Behaviour_and_ecology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Social_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Social_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Social life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Social_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reproduction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reproduction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Reproduction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reproduction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interspecies_interactions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interspecies_interactions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Interspecies interactions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interspecies_interactions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hippos_and_humans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hippos_and_humans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Hippos and humans</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Hippos_and_humans-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Hippos and humans subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Hippos_and_humans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Attacks_on_humans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Attacks_on_humans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Attacks on humans</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Attacks_on_humans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_zoos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_zoos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>In zoos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_zoos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural_significance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_significance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Cultural significance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural_significance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Hippopotamus</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 134 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-134" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">134 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%84%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Псыфэнд – Kabardian" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Псыфэнд" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seekoei" title="Seekoei – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Seekoei" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8C%89%E1%88%9B%E1%88%AC" title="ጉማሬ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ጉማሬ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicor" title="Nicor – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Nicor" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%87%D8%B1" title="فرس النهر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فرس النهر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippopotamus_amphibius" title="Hippopotamus amphibius – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Hippopotamus amphibius" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B1%D5%AB%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Գետաձիեր – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Գետաձիեր" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippopotamus_amphibius" title="Hippopotamus amphibius – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Hippopotamus amphibius" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%B1_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82" title="ГӀадияб бегемот – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="ГӀадияб бегемот" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Begemot" title="Begemot – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Begemot" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A2%DB%8C%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="سوآیقیری – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="سوآیقیری" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mali_(bagan)" title="Mali (bagan) – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Mali (bagan)" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%80" title="জলহস্তী – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জলহস্তী" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B4-b%C3%A9" title="Hô-bé – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hô-bé" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Ябай бегемот – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ябай бегемот" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Бегемот – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Бегемот" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Хипопотам – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хипопотам" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%86%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%9F%E0%BC%8D" title="ཆུ་རྟ། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཆུ་རྟ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dourvarc%27h" title="Dourvarc'h – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Dourvarc'h" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipop%C3%B2tam" title="Hipopòtam – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Hipopòtam" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Ахаль бегемот – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Ахаль бегемот" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippopotamus_amphibius" title="Hippopotamus amphibius – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Hippopotamus amphibius" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hroch_oboj%C5%BEiveln%C3%BD" title="Hroch obojživelný – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hroch obojživelný" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mvuu" title="Mvuu – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Mvuu" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chigwele" title="Chigwele – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Chigwele" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afonfarch" title="Afonfarch – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Afonfarch" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%8Aamli" title="Ŋamli – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Ŋamli" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flodhest" title="Flodhest – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Flodhest" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flusspferd" title="Flusspferd – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Flusspferd" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%80%DE%A8%DE%95%DE%AF%DE%95%DE%AE%DE%93%DE%A6%DE%89%DE%A6%DE%90%DE%B0" title="ހިޕޯޕޮޓަމަސް – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ހިޕޯޕޮޓަމަސް" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A9%C3%A9hoo%C5%82ts%C3%B3dii_(%C3%ADiyis%C3%ADg%C3%AD%C3%AD)" title="Tééhoołtsódii (íiyisígíí) – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Tééhoołtsódii (íiyisígíí)" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B5ehobu" title="Jõehobu – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Jõehobu" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CF%80%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%80%CF%8C%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Ιπποπόταμος – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ιπποπόταμος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippopotamus_amphibius" title="Hippopotamus amphibius – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hippopotamus amphibius" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amfibia_hipopotamo" title="Amfibia hipopotamo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Amfibia hipopotamo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipopotamo" title="Hipopotamo – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hipopotamo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C9%94menyi" title="Tɔmenyi – Ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Tɔmenyi" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="Ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A8_%D8%A2%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="اسب آبی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اسب آبی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippopotamus_amphibius" title="Hippopotamus amphibius – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hippopotamus amphibius" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dobhareach" title="Dobhareach – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Dobhareach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Each-aibhne" title="Each-aibhne – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Each-aibhne" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipop%C3%B3tamo" title="Hipopótamo – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Hipopótamo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B9%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AA%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%AA%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%9F%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%B8" title="હિપોપોટેમસ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="હિપોપોટેમસ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%98%EB%A7%88" title="하마 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="하마" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B1%D5%AB" title="Գետաձի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գետաձի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88_%E0%A4%98%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BE" title="दरियाई घोड़ा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="दरियाई घोड़ा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nilski_konj" title="Nilski konj – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Nilski konj" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipopotamo" title="Hipopotamo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Hipopotamo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuda_nil" title="Kuda nil – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kuda nil" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D1%8B%D0%BC%C3%A6%D1%82%C3%A6%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Хуымæтæджы бегемот – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Хуымæтæджы бегемот" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imvubu" title="Imvubu – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Imvubu" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fl%C3%B3%C3%B0hestur" title="Flóðhestur – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Flóðhestur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippopotamus_amphibius" title="Hippopotamus amphibius – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Hippopotamus amphibius" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%98%D7%9D" title="היפופוטם – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="היפופוטם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaran_nil" title="Jaran nil – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Jaran nil" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuduwa" title="Tuduwa – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Tuduwa" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kl mw-list-item"><a href="https://kl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imermiutarsuaq" title="Imermiutarsuaq – Kalaallisut" lang="kl" hreflang="kl" data-title="Imermiutarsuaq" data-language-autonym="Kalaallisut" data-language-local-name="Kalaallisut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kalaallisut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಹಿಪಪಾಟಮಸ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಹಿಪಪಾಟಮಸ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%B0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="ბეჰემოთი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბეჰემოთი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A3%D8%A6_%DA%AF%D9%8F%D8%B1" title="دریأئ گُر – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="دریأئ گُر" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Бегемот – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Бегемот" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dowrvargh" title="Dowrvargh – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Dowrvargh" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiboko_(mnyama)" title="Kiboko (mnyama) – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kiboko (mnyama)" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troskol_(Hippopotamus_amphibius)" title="Troskol (Hippopotamus amphibius) – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Troskol (Hippopotamus amphibius)" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ipopotam" title="Ipopotam – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Ipopotam" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hesp%C3%AA_%C3%A7em%C3%AE" title="Hespê çemî – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Hespê çemî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A9%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B3%D1%8C%D1%83%D1%80" title="Щинал айгьур – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Щинал айгьур" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%A1%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%B2%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%A1%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%99%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%B3" title="ມ້າແມ່ນ້ຳ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ມ້າແມ່ນ້ຳ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippopotamus" title="Hippopotamus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Hippopotamus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C4%ABlzirgs" title="Nīlzirgs – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Nīlzirgs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nilp%C3%A4erd" title="Nilpäerd – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Nilpäerd" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Didysis_hipopotamas" title="Didysis hipopotamas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Didysis hipopotamas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngub%C3%BA" title="Ngubú – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Ngubú" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ipopotamo" title="Ipopotamo – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Ipopotamo" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%ADlusi_v%C3%ADzil%C3%B3" title="Nílusi víziló – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nílusi víziló" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%9A" title="Нилски коњ – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Нилски коњ" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hip%C3%B4p%C3%B4tama" title="Hipôpôtama – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Hipôpôtama" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%80%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B0" title="നീർക്കുതിര – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="നീർക്കുതിര" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%98%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE" title="पाणघोडा – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पाणघोडा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D9%82%D8%B4%D8%B7%D9%87" title="سيد قشطه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سيد قشطه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badak_air" title="Badak air – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Badak air" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%92%CC%A4-m%C4%81" title="Ò̤-mā – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ò̤-mā" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Армана – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Армана" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ရေမြင်း – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ရေမြင်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nijlpaard" title="Nijlpaard – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Nijlpaard" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE" title="जलगैँडा – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="जलगैँडा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%83%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%81%E2%80%8C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE" title="लःगय्ँ‌रा – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="लःगय्ँ‌रा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%90" title="カバ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カバ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Бегемот – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Бегемот" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanlig_flodhest" title="Vanlig flodhest – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Vanlig flodhest" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flodhest" title="Flodhest – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Flodhest" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippopotamus_amphibius" title="Hippopotamus amphibius – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Hippopotamus amphibius" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B9%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%B8" title="ହିପୋପୋଟାମସ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ହିପୋପୋଟାମସ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C_%DA%AF%DA%BE%D9%88%DA%91%D8%A7" title="دریائی گھوڑا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="دریائی گھوڑا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%88_%D8%A2%D8%B3" title="د اوبو آس – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د اوبو آس" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipopotam_nilowy" title="Hipopotam nilowy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Hipopotam nilowy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipop%C3%B3tamo-comum" title="Hipopótamo-comum – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Hipopótamo-comum" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipopotam" title="Hipopotam – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Hipopotam" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hatun_mayu_khuchi" title="Hatun mayu khuchi – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Hatun mayu khuchi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Обыкновенный бегемот – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Обыкновенный бегемот" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9C_%E1%B1%A6%E1%B1%9F.%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱫᱟᱜ ᱦᱟ.ᱛᱤ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱫᱟᱜ ᱦᱟ.ᱛᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippopotamus" title="Hippopotamus – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Hippopotamus" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kobu" title="Kobu – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Kobu" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipopotami" title="Hipopotami – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Hipopotami" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%9A%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A" title="හිපපොටේමස් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="හිපපොටේමස්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippopotamus" title="Hippopotamus – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Hippopotamus" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hroch_oboj%C5%BEiveln%C3%BD" title="Hroch obojživelný – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Hroch obojživelný" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veliki_povodni_konj" title="Veliki povodni konj – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Veliki povodni konj" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeer" title="Jeer – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Jeer" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%9A" title="Нилски коњ – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Нилски коњ" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nilski_konj" title="Nilski konj – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Nilski konj" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuda_nil" title="Kuda nil – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Kuda nil" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtahepo" title="Virtahepo – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Virtahepo" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flodh%C3%A4st" title="Flodhäst – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Flodhäst" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipopotamus" title="Hipopotamus – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Hipopotamus" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%88" title="நீர்யானை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நீர்யானை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aban%C9%A3u" title="Abanɣu – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Abanɣu" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BF_%E0%B0%8F%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%81" title="నీటి ఏనుగు – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="నీటి ఏనుగు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA" title="ฮิปโปโปเตมัส – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ฮิปโปโปเตมัส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C9%94u" title="Rɔu – Dinka" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Rɔu" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="Dinka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Thuɔŋjäŋ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%9D%E1%8F%AA%E1%8F%86" title="ᏝᏪᏆ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏝᏪᏆ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Su_ayg%C4%B1r%C4%B1" title="Su aygırı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Su aygırı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Бегемот – Tuvinian" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Бегемот" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Tuvinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Бегемот – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Бегемот" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Бегемот звичайний – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бегемот звичайний" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C_%DA%AF%DA%BE%D9%88%DA%91%D8%A7" title="دریائی گھوڑا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="دریائی گھوڑا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A0_m%C3%A3" title="Hà mã – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hà mã" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B5%C3%B5hop%C3%B5n" title="Jõõhopõn – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Jõõhopõn" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippopotamus" title="Hippopotamus – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Hippopotamus" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E9%A9%AC" title="河马 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="河马" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%98%D7%90%D7%9D" title="היפאפאטאם – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="היפאפאטאם" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E9%A6%AC" title="河馬 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="河馬" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E9%A9%AC" title="河马 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="河马" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fon mw-list-item"><a href="https://fon.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%89%C9%9Bgbo" title="Ɖɛgbo – Fon" lang="fon" hreflang="fon" data-title="Ɖɛgbo" data-language-autonym="Fɔ̀ngbè" data-language-local-name="Fon" 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Click here for more information."><img alt="Featured article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/20px-Cscr-featured.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/30px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/40px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="443" /></a></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi" title="This article is semi-protected due to vandalism"><img alt="Page semi-protected" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Large semi-aquatic mammal native to sub-Saharan Africa</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Hippo" redirects here. For its genus, see <a href="/wiki/Hippopotamus_(genus)" title="Hippopotamus (genus)">Hippopotamus (genus)</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Hippopotamus_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Hippopotamus (disambiguation)">Hippopotamus (disambiguation)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hippo_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Hippo (disambiguation)">Hippo (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Hippopotamus<br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">Temporal range: <span class="noprint"><span style="display:inline-block;"></span><span style="display:inline-block;">Pleistocene–Recent</span> <span style="display:inline-block;"></span><div id="Timeline-row" style="margin: 4px auto 0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:18px; overflow:visible; white-space:nowrap; border:1px #666; border-style:solid none; position:relative; z-index:0; font-size:97%;"> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; left:0px; width:207.23076923077px; padding-left:5px; text-align:left; background-color:rgb(254,217,106); background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(254,217,106,1) 15%, rgba(254,217,106,1));"><a href="/wiki/Precambrian" title="Precambrian">PreꞒ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,160,86); left:37.636923076923px; width:18.073846153846px;"><a href="/wiki/Cambrian" title="Cambrian">Ꞓ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(0,146,112); left:55.710769230769px; width:14.08px;"><a href="/wiki/Ordovician" title="Ordovician">O</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(179,225,182); left:69.790769230769px; width:8.3261538461539px;"><a href="/wiki/Silurian" title="Silurian">S</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(203,140,55); left:78.116923076923px; width:20.409230769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Devonian" title="Devonian">D</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(103,165,153); left:98.526153846154px; width:20.307692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Carboniferous" title="Carboniferous">C</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(240,64,40); left:118.83384615385px; width:15.907015384615px;"><a href="/wiki/Permian" title="Permian">P</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(129,43,146); left:134.74086153846px; width:17.092984615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Triassic" title="Triassic">T</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(52,178,201); left:151.83384615385px; width:19.089230769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Jurassic" title="Jurassic">J</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,198,78); left:170.92307692308px; width:26.738461538462px;"><a href="/wiki/Cretaceous" title="Cretaceous">K</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(253,154,82); left:197.66153846154px; width:14.543692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Paleogene" title="Paleogene">Pg</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(255,230,25); left:212.20523076923px; width:6.9215384615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Neogene" title="Neogene">N</a></div> <div id="end-border" style="position:absolute; height:100%; background-color:#666; width:1px; left:219px"></div><div style="margin:0 auto; line-height:0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:8px; overflow:visible; background-color:transparent; position:relative; top:-4px; z-index:100;"> <div style="position:absolute; left:219.12676923077px; font-size:50%"><div style="position:relative; left:-0.42em">↓</div></div> </div> </div></span></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_Hippopotamus_in_the_water.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Portrait_Hippopotamus_in_the_water.jpg/220px-Portrait_Hippopotamus_in_the_water.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Portrait_Hippopotamus_in_the_water.jpg/330px-Portrait_Hippopotamus_in_the_water.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Portrait_Hippopotamus_in_the_water.jpg/440px-Portrait_Hippopotamus_in_the_water.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4117" data-file-height="2745" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">A hippopotamus in <a href="/wiki/Saadani_National_Park" title="Saadani National Park">Saadani National Park</a>, Tanzania </td></tr> <tr style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"> <th colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Conservation_status" title="Conservation status">Conservation status</a></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Status_iucn3.1_VU.svg/220px-Status_iucn3.1_VU.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Status_iucn3.1_VU.svg/330px-Status_iucn3.1_VU.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Status_iucn3.1_VU.svg/440px-Status_iucn3.1_VU.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="137" /></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Vulnerable_species" title="Vulnerable species">Vulnerable</a> <small> (<a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN 3.1</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/CITES" title="CITES">CITES</a> Appendix II<small> (<a href="/wiki/CITES" title="CITES">CITES</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Hippopotamus" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Domain: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote">Eukaryota</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Phylum: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Class: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">Mammalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Artiodactyl" title="Artiodactyl">Artiodactyla</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hippopotamidae" title="Hippopotamidae">Hippopotamidae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hippopotamus_(genus)" title="Hippopotamus (genus)"><i>Hippopotamus</i></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Species: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="species"><i><b>H. amphibius</b></i></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">Binomial name</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><b><span class="binomial"><span style="font-weight:normal;"></span><i>Hippopotamus amphibius</i></span></b><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">Linnaeus</a>, <a href="/wiki/10th_edition_of_Systema_Naturae" title="10th edition of Systema Naturae">1758</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Hippopotamus_distribution.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Hippopotamus_distribution.png/220px-Hippopotamus_distribution.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Hippopotamus_distribution.png/330px-Hippopotamus_distribution.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Hippopotamus_distribution.png/440px-Hippopotamus_distribution.png 2x" data-file-width="909" data-file-height="712" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">Current distribution of the hippopotamus </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p>The <b>hippopotamus</b> (<i><b>Hippopotamus amphibius</b></i>) (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'h' in 'hi'">h</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span><span title="/ɒ/: 'o' in 'body'">ɒ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span></span>/</a></span></span>; <abbr title="plural form">pl.</abbr>: <b>hippopotamuses</b>; also shortened to <b>hippo</b> (<abbr title="plural form">pl.</abbr>: <b>hippos</b>), further qualified as the <b>common hippopotamus</b>, <b>Nile hippopotamus</b>, or <b>river hippopotamus</b>, is a large <a href="/wiki/Semiaquatic" title="Semiaquatic">semiaquatic</a> mammal native to <a href="/wiki/Sub-Saharan_Africa" title="Sub-Saharan Africa">sub-Saharan Africa</a>. It is one of only two <a href="/wiki/Extant_taxon" class="mw-redirect" title="Extant taxon">extant</a> <a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">species</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Scientific_classification" class="mw-redirect" title="Scientific classification">family</a> <a href="/wiki/Hippopotamidae" title="Hippopotamidae">Hippopotamidae</a>, the other being the <a href="/wiki/Pygmy_hippopotamus" title="Pygmy hippopotamus">pygmy hippopotamus</a> (<i>Choeropsis liberiensis</i> or <i>Hexaprotodon liberiensis</i>). Its name comes from the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">ancient Greek</a> for "river horse" (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἱπποπόταμος</span></span>). </p><p>After <a href="/wiki/Elephant" title="Elephant">elephants</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rhinoceros" title="Rhinoceros">rhinoceroses</a>, the hippopotamus is the next <a href="/wiki/Largest_mammals#Even-toed_Ungulates_(Artiodactyla)" class="mw-redirect" title="Largest mammals">largest land mammal</a>. It is also the largest extant land <a href="/wiki/Artiodactyl" title="Artiodactyl">artiodactyl</a>. Despite their physical resemblance to <a href="/wiki/Pig" title="Pig">pigs</a> and other terrestrial even-toed ungulates, the closest living relatives of the hippopotamids are <a href="/wiki/Cetacea" title="Cetacea">cetaceans</a> (<a href="/wiki/Whale" title="Whale">whales</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dolphin" title="Dolphin">dolphins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Porpoise" title="Porpoise">porpoises</a>, etc.), from which they diverged about 55 million years ago. Hippos are recognisable for their barrel-shaped torsos, wide-opening mouths with large <a href="/wiki/Canine_tooth" title="Canine tooth">canine</a> tusks, nearly hairless bodies, pillar-like legs, and large size: adults average 1,500 kg (3,300 lb) for bulls (males) and 1,300 kg (2,900 lb) for cows (females). Despite its stocky shape and short legs, it is capable of running 30 km/h (19 mph) over short distances. </p><p>Hippos inhabit rivers, lakes, and <a href="/wiki/Mangrove" title="Mangrove">mangrove</a> swamps. <a href="/wiki/Territorial_animal" class="mw-redirect" title="Territorial animal">Territorial</a> bulls each preside over a stretch of water and a group of five to thirty cows and calves. <a href="/wiki/Mating" title="Mating">Mating</a> and birth both occur in the water. During the day, hippos remain cool by staying in water or mud, emerging at dusk to graze on grasses. While hippos rest near each other in the water, grazing is a solitary activity and hippos typically do not display territorial behaviour on land. Hippos are among the most dangerous animals in the world due to their aggressive and unpredictable nature. They are threatened by <a href="/wiki/Habitat_loss" class="mw-redirect" title="Habitat loss">habitat loss</a> and <a href="/wiki/Poaching" title="Poaching">poaching</a> for their meat and <a href="/wiki/Ivory" title="Ivory">ivory</a> (canine teeth). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> word <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">hippopotamus</i></span> is derived from the ancient <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἱπποπόταμος</span></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">hippopótamos</i></span>), from <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἵππος</span></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">híppos</i></span>) <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">horse</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span> and <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ποταμός</span></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">potamós</i></span>) <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">river</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>, together meaning <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">horse of the river</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In English, the <a href="/wiki/English_plural" class="mw-redirect" title="English plural">plural</a> is "hippopotamuses".<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taxonomy_and_origins">Taxonomy and origins</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Classification">Classification</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output 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style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hipop%C3%B3tamo_(Hippopotamus_amphibius),_parque_nacional_de_Chobe,_Botsuana,_2018-07-28,_DD_60.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Hipop%C3%B3tamo_%28Hippopotamus_amphibius%29%2C_parque_nacional_de_Chobe%2C_Botsuana%2C_2018-07-28%2C_DD_60.jpg/200px-Hipop%C3%B3tamo_%28Hippopotamus_amphibius%29%2C_parque_nacional_de_Chobe%2C_Botsuana%2C_2018-07-28%2C_DD_60.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Hipop%C3%B3tamo_%28Hippopotamus_amphibius%29%2C_parque_nacional_de_Chobe%2C_Botsuana%2C_2018-07-28%2C_DD_60.jpg/300px-Hipop%C3%B3tamo_%28Hippopotamus_amphibius%29%2C_parque_nacional_de_Chobe%2C_Botsuana%2C_2018-07-28%2C_DD_60.jpg 1.5x, 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Hippopotamus_amphibius_%28mandible%29_3d_scan_Natural_History_Museum_University_of_Pisa_C228.stl/200px-Hippopotamus_amphibius_%28mandible%29_3d_scan_Natural_History_Museum_University_of_Pisa_C228.stl.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Hippopotamus_amphibius_%28mandible%29_3d_scan_Natural_History_Museum_University_of_Pisa_C228.stl/300px-Hippopotamus_amphibius_%28mandible%29_3d_scan_Natural_History_Museum_University_of_Pisa_C228.stl.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Hippopotamus_amphibius_%28mandible%29_3d_scan_Natural_History_Museum_University_of_Pisa_C228.stl/400px-Hippopotamus_amphibius_%28mandible%29_3d_scan_Natural_History_Museum_University_of_Pisa_C228.stl.png 2x" data-file-width="5120" data-file-height="2880" /></a></span></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Head, skull and mandible of Hippopotamus amphibius</div></div></div></div> <p>The modern hippopotamus and the <a href="/wiki/Pygmy_hippopotamus" title="Pygmy hippopotamus">pygmy hippopotamus</a> are the only living members of the family Hippopotamidae. Some taxonomists place hippos and <a href="/wiki/Anthracotheres" class="mw-redirect" title="Anthracotheres">anthracotheres</a> in the superfamily Anthracotheroidea. Hippopotamidae are classified along with other <a href="/wiki/Even-toed_ungulates" class="mw-redirect" title="Even-toed ungulates">even-toed ungulates</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Order_(biology)" title="Order (biology)">order</a> <a href="/wiki/Artiodactyla" class="mw-redirect" title="Artiodactyla">Artiodactyla</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Hippos_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Hippos-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 39–40">: 39–40 </span></sup> </p><p>Five subspecies of hippos have been described based on <a href="/wiki/Morphology_(biology)" title="Morphology (biology)">morphological</a> differences in their skulls as well as differences in geographical range:<sup id="cite_ref-The_Hippos_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Hippos-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 3">: 3 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Okello_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Okello-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><i>H. a. amphibius</i> – (the nominate subspecies) ranges from <a href="/wiki/Gambia" class="mw-redirect" title="Gambia">Gambia</a> east to <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a> and then south to <a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a> and historically ranged as far north as Egypt; its skull is distinguished by a moderately reduced preorbital region, a bulging dorsal surface, elongated <a href="/wiki/Mandibular_symphysis" title="Mandibular symphysis">mandibular symphysis</a> and larger chewing teeth.</li> <li><i>H. a. kiboko</i> – found in <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a> and <a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a>; was noted to be smaller and more lightly coloured than other hippos with wider nostrils, somewhat longer snout and more rounded and relatively raised <a href="/wiki/Orbit_(anatomy)" title="Orbit (anatomy)">orbits</a> with the space between them being incurved.</li> <li><i>H. a. capensis</i> – found in <a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>; distinguished by wider orbits.</li> <li><i>H. a. tschadensis</i> – ranges between <a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a> and <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a>; featured a slightly shorter but broader face, and pronounced, forward-facing orbits.</li> <li><i>H. a. constrictus</i> – ranged from the southern <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_Congo" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Republic of Congo">Democratic Republic of Congo</a> to <a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a> and <a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a>; skull characterised by a thicker preorbital region, shorter snout, flatter dorsal surface, reduced mandibular symphysis and smaller chewing teeth.</li></ul> <p>The suggested subspecies above were never widely used or validated by field biologists; the described morphological differences were small enough that they could have resulted from simple variation in nonrepresentative samples.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Hippos_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Hippos-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 2">: 2 </span></sup> A study examining <a href="/wiki/Mitochondrial_DNA" title="Mitochondrial DNA">mitochondrial DNA</a> from skin biopsies taken from 13 sampling locations found "low, but significant, genetic differentiation" among <i>H. a. amphibius</i>, <i>H. a. capensis</i>, and <i>H. a. kiboko</i>. Neither <i>H. a. tschadensis</i> nor <i>H. a. constrictus</i> have been tested.<sup id="cite_ref-Okello_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Okello-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Evolution">Evolution</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Evolutionary_relationships_among_laurasiatherian_mammals_as_used_in_molecular_evolution_analyses.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Evolutionary_relationships_among_laurasiatherian_mammals_as_used_in_molecular_evolution_analyses.jpg/220px-Evolutionary_relationships_among_laurasiatherian_mammals_as_used_in_molecular_evolution_analyses.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Evolutionary_relationships_among_laurasiatherian_mammals_as_used_in_molecular_evolution_analyses.jpg/330px-Evolutionary_relationships_among_laurasiatherian_mammals_as_used_in_molecular_evolution_analyses.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Evolutionary_relationships_among_laurasiatherian_mammals_as_used_in_molecular_evolution_analyses.jpg/440px-Evolutionary_relationships_among_laurasiatherian_mammals_as_used_in_molecular_evolution_analyses.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1013" /></a><figcaption>Evolutionary relationships among hippo and Cetacea (whales, dolphins)<sup id="cite_ref-TsagkogeorgaMcGowen2015_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TsagkogeorgaMcGowen2015-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Until 1909, <a href="/wiki/Natural_history" title="Natural history">naturalists</a> classified hippos together with pigs based on <a href="/wiki/Molar_(tooth)" title="Molar (tooth)">molar</a> patterns. Several lines of evidence, first from blood proteins, then from <a href="/wiki/Molecular_systematics" class="mw-redirect" title="Molecular systematics">molecular systematics</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Genomes_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Genomes-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/DNA" title="DNA">DNA</a><sup id="cite_ref-DNA_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DNA-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Nature2009_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nature2009-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Fossil_record" class="mw-redirect" title="Fossil record">fossil record</a>, show their closest living relatives are <a href="/wiki/Cetacean" class="mw-redirect" title="Cetacean">cetaceans</a> (<a href="/wiki/Whale" title="Whale">whales</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dolphin" title="Dolphin">dolphins</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Porpoise" title="Porpoise">porpoises</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-ScienceNews_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ScienceNews-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Cetartiodactyla_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cetartiodactyla-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The common ancestor of hippos and whales branched off from <a href="/wiki/Ruminantia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruminantia">Ruminantia</a> and the rest of the even-toed ungulates; the cetacean and hippo lineages split soon afterwards.<sup id="cite_ref-DNA_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DNA-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Cetartiodactyla_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cetartiodactyla-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="clade"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1258728058">body.skin-vector-2022 .mw-parser-output div.clade,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade{overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:hidden}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade p{font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade{border-spacing:0;margin:0;font-size:100%;line-height:100%;border-collapse:separate;width:auto}.mw-parser-output table.clade table.clade{width:100%;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label{min-width:0.2em;width:0.2em;padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label::before,.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel::before{content:"\2060 "}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width{overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.first{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel{padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.last{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar{vertical-align:middle;text-align:left;padding:0 0.5em;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar.reverse{text-align:right;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf{border:0;padding:0;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leafR{border:0;padding:0;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf.reverse{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkA{background-color:yellow}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkB{background-color:green}</style> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">   <a href="/wiki/Even-toed_ungulate" class="mw-redirect" title="Even-toed ungulate">Artiodactyla</a>    </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p> <a href="/wiki/Tylopoda" title="Tylopoda">Tylopoda</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">   <a href="/wiki/Artiofabula" title="Artiofabula">Artiofabula</a>    </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p> <a href="/wiki/Suina" title="Suina">Suina</a>     </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">   <a href="/wiki/Cetruminantia" title="Cetruminantia">Cetruminantia</a>    </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p> <a href="/wiki/Ruminantia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruminantia">Ruminantia</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">   <a href="/wiki/Whippomorpha" title="Whippomorpha">Whippomorpha</a>    </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p> <a href="/wiki/Hippopotamidae" title="Hippopotamidae">Hippopotamidae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p> <a href="/wiki/Cetacea" title="Cetacea">Cetacea</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Anthracotherium_magnum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Anthracotherium_magnum.jpg/220px-Anthracotherium_magnum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Anthracotherium_magnum.jpg/330px-Anthracotherium_magnum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Anthracotherium_magnum.jpg/440px-Anthracotherium_magnum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5263" data-file-height="2536" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Anthracotherium" title="Anthracotherium">Anthracotherium</a> magnum</i> from the Oligocene of Europe</figcaption></figure> <p>The most recent theory of the origins of Hippopotamidae suggests hippos and whales shared a common semiaquatic ancestor that branched off from other artiodactyls around <span class="nourlexpansion plainlinks" style="white-space:nowrap;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://geoltime.github.io/?Ma=60">60</a> million years ago</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-DNA_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DNA-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ScienceNews_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ScienceNews-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This hypothesised ancestral group likely split into two branches again around <span class="nourlexpansion plainlinks" style="white-space:nowrap;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://geoltime.github.io/?Ma=54">54</a> million years ago</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-Genomes_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Genomes-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One branch would <a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_cetaceans" title="Evolution of cetaceans">evolve into cetaceans</a>, possibly beginning about <span class="nourlexpansion plainlinks" style="white-space:nowrap;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://geoltime.github.io/?Ma=52">52</a> million years ago</span>, with the protowhale <i><a href="/wiki/Pakicetus" title="Pakicetus">Pakicetus</a></i> and other early whale ancestors collectively known as <a href="/wiki/Archaeoceti" title="Archaeoceti">Archaeoceti</a>. This group eventually underwent <a href="/wiki/Aquatic_adaptation" class="mw-redirect" title="Aquatic adaptation">aquatic adaptation</a> into the completely aquatic <a href="/wiki/Cetacea" title="Cetacea">cetaceans</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Cetartiodactyla_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cetartiodactyla-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The other branch became the <a href="/wiki/Anthracotheriidae" title="Anthracotheriidae">anthracotheres</a>, a large family of four-legged beasts, the earliest of which in the late <a href="/wiki/Eocene" title="Eocene">Eocene</a> would have resembled skinny hippos with comparatively smaller, narrower heads. All branches of the anthracotheres, except that which evolved into <a href="/wiki/Hippopotamidae" title="Hippopotamidae">Hippopotamidae</a>, became extinct during the <a href="/wiki/Pliocene" title="Pliocene">Pliocene</a>, leaving no descendants.<sup id="cite_ref-ScienceNews_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ScienceNews-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Cetartiodactyla_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cetartiodactyla-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A rough evolutionary lineage of the hippo can thus be traced from Eocene and <a href="/wiki/Oligocene" title="Oligocene">Oligocene</a> species: from <i><a href="/wiki/Anthracotherium" title="Anthracotherium">Anthracotherium</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Elomeryx" title="Elomeryx">Elomeryx</a></i> to the <a href="/wiki/Miocene" title="Miocene">Miocene</a> species <i><a href="/wiki/Merycopotamus" title="Merycopotamus">Merycopotamus</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Libycosaurus" title="Libycosaurus">Libycosaurus</a></i> and finally the very latest anthracotheres in the <a href="/wiki/Pliocene" title="Pliocene">Pliocene</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Origins_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Origins-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These groups lived across Eurasia and Africa. The discovery of <i>Epirigenys</i> in East Africa, which was likely a descent of Asian anthracotheres and a <a href="/wiki/Sister_taxon" class="mw-redirect" title="Sister taxon">sister taxon</a> to Hippopotamidae, suggests that hippo ancestors entered Africa from Asia around <span class="nourlexpansion plainlinks" style="white-space:nowrap;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://geoltime.github.io/?Ma=35">35</a> million years ago</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An early hippopotamid is the genus <i><a href="/wiki/Kenyapotamus" title="Kenyapotamus">Kenyapotamus</a></i>, which lived in Africa from 15 to <span class="nourlexpansion plainlinks" style="white-space:nowrap;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://geoltime.github.io/?Ma=9">9</a> million years ago</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-Origins_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Origins-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hippopotamid species would spread across Africa and Eurasia, including the modern pygmy hippo. From 7.5 to <span class="nourlexpansion plainlinks" style="white-space:nowrap;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://geoltime.github.io/?Ma=1.8">1.8</a> million years ago</span>, a possible ancestor to the modern hippo, <i><a href="/wiki/Archaeopotamus" title="Archaeopotamus">Archaeopotamus</a></i>, lived in Africa and the Middle East.<sup id="cite_ref-Linnean_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Linnean-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The oldest records of the genus <i><a href="/wiki/Hippopotamus_(genus)" title="Hippopotamus (genus)">Hippopotamus</a></i> date to the <a href="/wiki/Pliocene" title="Pliocene">Pliocene</a> (5.3–2.6 million years ago).<sup id="cite_ref-VanDerMadeEtAl2017_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VanDerMadeEtAl2017-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The oldest unambiguous records of the modern <i>H. amphibius</i> date to the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Pleistocene" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle Pleistocene">Middle Pleistocene</a>, though there are possible <a href="/wiki/Early_Pleistocene" title="Early Pleistocene">Early Pleistocene</a> records.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Malagasy_Hippopotamus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Malagasy_Hippopotamus.jpg/220px-Malagasy_Hippopotamus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Malagasy_Hippopotamus.jpg/330px-Malagasy_Hippopotamus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Malagasy_Hippopotamus.jpg/440px-Malagasy_Hippopotamus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1332" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption><i>Choeropsis madagascariensis</i> skeleton with a modern hippopotamus skull</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Extinct_species">Extinct species</h3></div> <p>Three species of <a href="/wiki/Malagasy_hippopotamus" title="Malagasy hippopotamus">Malagasy hippopotamus</a> became extinct during the <a href="/wiki/Holocene" title="Holocene">Holocene</a> on <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a>, the last of them within the past 1,000 years. The Malagasy hippos were smaller than the modern hippo, a likely result of the process of <a href="/wiki/Insular_dwarfism" title="Insular dwarfism">insular dwarfism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Stuenes_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stuenes-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fossil evidence indicates many Malagasy hippos were hunted by humans, a factor in their eventual extinction.<sup id="cite_ref-Stuenes_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stuenes-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Isolated individual Malagasy hippos may have survived in remote pockets; in 1976, villagers described a living animal called the <i>kilopilopitsofy</i>, which may have been a Malagasy hippo.<sup id="cite_ref-Kidoky_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kidoky-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Hippopotamus_gorgops" title="Hippopotamus gorgops">Hippopotamus gorgops</a></i> from the Early Pleistocene to the early Middle Pleistocene of Africa and West Asia grew considerably larger than the living hippopotamus, with an estimated body mass of over 4,000 kg (8,800 lb).<sup id="cite_ref-VanDerMadeEtAl2017_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VanDerMadeEtAl2017-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Hippopotamus_antiquus" title="Hippopotamus antiquus">Hippopotamus antiquus</a></i> ranged throughout Europe, extending as far north as Britain during the <a href="/wiki/Early_Pleistocene" title="Early Pleistocene">Early</a> and <a href="/wiki/Middle_Pleistocene" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle Pleistocene">Middle Pleistocene</a> epochs, before being replaced by the modern <i>H. amphibius</i> in Europe during the latter part of the Middle Pleistocene.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Pleistocene also saw a number of dwarf species evolve on several Mediterranean islands, including <a href="/wiki/Crete" title="Crete">Crete</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Hippopotamus_creutzburgi" title="Hippopotamus creutzburgi">Hippopotamus creutzburgi</a></i>), <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a> (the <a href="/wiki/Cyprus_dwarf_hippopotamus" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyprus dwarf hippopotamus">Cyprus dwarf hippopotamus</a>, <i>Hippopotamus minor</i>), <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Hippopotamus_melitensis" title="Hippopotamus melitensis">Hippopotamus melitensis</a></i>), and <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Hippopotamus_pentlandi" title="Hippopotamus pentlandi">Hippopotamus pentlandi</a></i>). Of these, the Cyprus dwarf hippo survived until the end of the Pleistocene or early Holocene. Evidence from the archaeological site <a href="/wiki/Aetokremnos" title="Aetokremnos">Aetokremnos</a> continues to cause debate on whether or not the species was driven to extinction or even encountered by humans.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Taxonomy_of_Pleistocene_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Taxonomy_of_Pleistocene-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characteristics">Characteristics</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hippo_skull_dark.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Hippo_skull_dark.jpg/220px-Hippo_skull_dark.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Hippo_skull_dark.jpg/330px-Hippo_skull_dark.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Hippo_skull_dark.jpg/440px-Hippo_skull_dark.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2016" data-file-height="1512" /></a><figcaption>Hippopotamus <a href="/wiki/Skull" title="Skull">skull</a>, showing the large canines and incisors used for fighting</figcaption></figure> <p>The hippopotamus is a <a href="/wiki/Megaherbivore" title="Megaherbivore">megaherbivore</a> and is exceeded in size among land animals only by <a href="/wiki/Elephant" title="Elephant">elephants</a> and some <a href="/wiki/Rhinoceros" title="Rhinoceros">rhinoceros</a> species. The mean adult weight is around 1,480 kg (3,260 lb) for bulls and 1,365 kg (3,009 lb) for cows. Exceptionally large males have been recorded reaching 2,660 kg (5,860 lb).<sup id="cite_ref-Owen-Smith_1992_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Owen-Smith_1992-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Male hippos appear to continue growing throughout their lives, while females reach maximum weight at around age 25.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is 2.90 to 5.05 m (9 ft 6 in to 16 ft 7 in) long,<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including a tail of about 35 to 56 cm (14 to 22 in) in length and 1.30 to 1.65 m (4 ft 3 in to 5 ft 5 in) tall at the shoulder,<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hippopotamus_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hippopotamus-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with males and females ranging 1.40 to 1.65 m (4 ft 7 in to 5 ft 5 in) and 1.30 to 1.45 m (4 ft 3 in to 4 ft 9 in) tall at the shoulder respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-Hippopotamus_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hippopotamus-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The species has a typical head–body length of 3.3–3.45 m (10.8–11.3 ft) and an average standing height of 1.4 m (4 ft 7 in) at the shoulder.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hippos have barrel-shaped bodies with short tails and legs, and an hourglass-shaped skull with a long snout.<sup id="cite_ref-estes_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-estes-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-The_Hippos_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Hippos-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 3, 19">: 3, 19 </span></sup> Their skeletal structures are <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/graviportal" class="extiw" title="wikt:graviportal">graviportal</a>, adapted to carrying their enormous weight,<sup id="cite_ref-The_Hippos_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Hippos-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 8">: 8 </span></sup> and their dense bones and low <a href="/wiki/Centre_of_gravity" class="mw-redirect" title="Centre of gravity">centre of gravity</a> allows them to sink and move along the bottom of the water.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hippopotamuses have small legs (relative to other <a href="/wiki/Megafauna" title="Megafauna">megafauna</a>) because the water in which they live reduces the weight burden.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The toes are webbed and the <a href="/wiki/Pelvis" title="Pelvis">pelvis</a> rests at an angle of 45 degrees.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Hippos_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Hippos-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 3, 9">: 3, 9 </span></sup> Though chubby-looking, hippos have little fat.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Hippos_7-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Hippos-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 3">: 3 </span></sup> The eyes, ears, and nostrils of hippos are placed high on the roof of their skulls. This allows these organs to remain above the surface while the rest of the body is submerged.<sup id="cite_ref-kingdon_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kingdon-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 259">: 259 </span></sup> The nostrils and ears can close when underwater while <a href="/wiki/Nictitating_membrane" title="Nictitating membrane">nictitating membranes</a> cover the eyes.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Hippos_7-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Hippos-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 4, 116">: 4, 116 </span></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Vocal_fold" class="mw-redirect" title="Vocal fold">vocal folds</a> of the hippo are more horizontally positioned, much like baleen whales. Underneath are throat tissues, where vibrations are transmitted to produce underwater calls.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hipop%C3%B3tamos_(Hippopotamus_amphibius),_parque_nacional_de_Chobe,_Botsuana,_2018-07-28,_DD_79.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Hipop%C3%B3tamos_%28Hippopotamus_amphibius%29%2C_parque_nacional_de_Chobe%2C_Botsuana%2C_2018-07-28%2C_DD_79.jpg/220px-Hipop%C3%B3tamos_%28Hippopotamus_amphibius%29%2C_parque_nacional_de_Chobe%2C_Botsuana%2C_2018-07-28%2C_DD_79.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Hipop%C3%B3tamos_%28Hippopotamus_amphibius%29%2C_parque_nacional_de_Chobe%2C_Botsuana%2C_2018-07-28%2C_DD_79.jpg/330px-Hipop%C3%B3tamos_%28Hippopotamus_amphibius%29%2C_parque_nacional_de_Chobe%2C_Botsuana%2C_2018-07-28%2C_DD_79.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Hipop%C3%B3tamos_%28Hippopotamus_amphibius%29%2C_parque_nacional_de_Chobe%2C_Botsuana%2C_2018-07-28%2C_DD_79.jpg/440px-Hipop%C3%B3tamos_%28Hippopotamus_amphibius%29%2C_parque_nacional_de_Chobe%2C_Botsuana%2C_2018-07-28%2C_DD_79.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5246" data-file-height="2951" /></a><figcaption>Characteristic "yawn" of a hippo</figcaption></figure> <p>The hippo's jaw is powered by huge <a href="/wiki/Masseter_muscle" title="Masseter muscle">masseter</a> and <a href="/wiki/Digastric_muscle" title="Digastric muscle">digastric muscles</a> which give them large, droopy cheeks.<sup id="cite_ref-kingdon_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kingdon-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 259">: 259 </span></sup> The jaw hinge allows the animal to open its mouth at almost 180°.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Hippos_7-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Hippos-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 17">: 17 </span></sup> A folded <a href="/wiki/Orbicularis_oris_muscle" title="Orbicularis oris muscle">orbicularis oris muscle</a> allows the hippo to attain an extreme gape without tearing any tissue.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the lower jaw, the <a href="/wiki/Incisor" title="Incisor">incisors</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canine_tooth" title="Canine tooth">canines</a> grow continuously, the former reaching 40 cm (16 in), while the latter can grow to up to 50 cm (20 in). The lower canines are sharpened through contact with the smaller upper canines.<sup id="cite_ref-estes_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-estes-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The canines and incisors are used mainly for combat instead of feeding. Hippos rely on their flattened, horny lips to grasp and pull grasses which are then ground by the <a href="/wiki/Molar_(tooth)" title="Molar (tooth)">molars</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-kingdon_39-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kingdon-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 259, 263">: 259, 263 </span></sup> The hippo is considered to be a <a href="/wiki/Pseudoruminant" title="Pseudoruminant">pseudoruminant</a>; it has a complex three-chambered stomach, but does not "chew <a href="/wiki/Cud" title="Cud">cud</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-The_Hippos_7-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Hippos-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 22">: 22 </span></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hippopotamus_in_San_Diego_Zoo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Hippopotamus_in_San_Diego_Zoo.jpg/220px-Hippopotamus_in_San_Diego_Zoo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Hippopotamus_in_San_Diego_Zoo.jpg/330px-Hippopotamus_in_San_Diego_Zoo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Hippopotamus_in_San_Diego_Zoo.jpg/440px-Hippopotamus_in_San_Diego_Zoo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Completely submerged hippo (<a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Zoo" title="San Diego Zoo">San Diego Zoo</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p>Hippo skin is 6 cm (2.4 in) thick across much of its body with little hair.<sup id="cite_ref-estes_36-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-estes-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-kingdon_39-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kingdon-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 260">: 260 </span></sup> The animal is mostly purplish-grey or blue-black, but brownish-pink on the underside and around the eyes and ears.<sup id="cite_ref-kingdon_39-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kingdon-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 260">: 260 </span></sup> Their skin secretes a natural, red-coloured <a href="/wiki/Sunscreen" title="Sunscreen">sunscreen</a> substance that is sometimes referred to as "blood sweat" but is neither blood nor sweat. This secretion is initially colourless and turns red-orange within minutes, eventually becoming brown. Two highly acidic pigments have been identified in the secretions; one red <a href="/wiki/Hipposudoric_acid" title="Hipposudoric acid">hipposudoric acid</a> and one orange norhipposudoric acid, which inhibit the growth of disease-causing bacteria and their light-absorption profile peaks in the <a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet" title="Ultraviolet">ultraviolet</a> range, creating a sunscreen effect.<sup id="cite_ref-Distillations_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Distillations-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Saikawa_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saikawa-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Regardless of diet, all hippos secrete these pigments so food does not appear to be their source; rather, they may be synthesised from <a href="/wiki/Protein_precursor" title="Protein precursor">precursors</a> such as the <a href="/wiki/Amino_acid" title="Amino acid">amino acid</a> <a href="/wiki/Tyrosine" title="Tyrosine">tyrosine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Saikawa_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saikawa-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This natural sunscreen cannot prevent the animal's skin from cracking if it stays out of water too long.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The testes of the males do not fully descend and a scrotum is not present. In addition, the penis retracts into the body when not <a href="/wiki/Erection" title="Erection">erect</a>. The genitals of the female hippos are unusual in that the vagina is ridged and the <a href="/wiki/Vulval_vestibule" title="Vulval vestibule">vulval vestibule</a> has two large, protruding <a href="/wiki/Diverticula" class="mw-redirect" title="Diverticula">diverticula</a>. Both of these have an unknown function.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Hippos_7-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Hippos-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 28–29">: 28–29 </span></sup> </p><p>A hippo's lifespan is typically 40 to 50 years.<sup id="cite_ref-kingdon_39-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kingdon-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 277">: 277 </span></sup> Donna the Hippo was one of the oldest living hippos in captivity. She lived at the <a href="/wiki/Mesker_Park_Zoo" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesker Park Zoo">Mesker Park Zoo</a> in <a href="/wiki/Evansville,_Indiana" title="Evansville, Indiana">Evansville, Indiana</a>, in the US<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> until her death in 2012 at the age of 61.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The oldest hippo ever recorded was called Bertha; she had lived in the <a href="/wiki/Manila_Zoo" title="Manila Zoo">Manila Zoo</a> in the Philippines since it first opened in 1959. When she died in 2017, her age was estimated to be 65.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The oldest living hippopotamus in captivity is Lu the Hippo, from the Ellie Schiller <a href="/wiki/Homosassa_Springs_Wildlife_State_Park" title="Homosassa Springs Wildlife State Park">Homosassa Springs Wildlife State Park</a>. As of 2024, he is 64 years old.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distribution_and_status">Distribution and status</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hippovictora.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Hippovictora.png/220px-Hippovictora.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Hippovictora.png/330px-Hippovictora.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Hippovictora.png/440px-Hippovictora.png 2x" data-file-width="651" data-file-height="493" /></a><figcaption>Ugandan tribespeople with hippo slain for food (early 20th century)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Incised_hippopotamus_ivory_tusk,_upper_canine._Four_holes_around_top._From_Naqada_Tomb_1419,_Egypt._Naqada_period._The_Petrie_Museum_of_Egyptian_Archaeology,_London.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Incised_hippopotamus_ivory_tusk%2C_upper_canine._Four_holes_around_top._From_Naqada_Tomb_1419%2C_Egypt._Naqada_period._The_Petrie_Museum_of_Egyptian_Archaeology%2C_London.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Incised_hippopotamus_ivory_tusk%2C_upper_canine._Four_holes_around_top._From_Naqada_Tomb_1419%2C_Egypt._Naqada_period._The_Petrie_Museum_of_Egyptian_Archaeology%2C_London.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Incised_hippopotamus_ivory_tusk%2C_upper_canine._Four_holes_around_top._From_Naqada_Tomb_1419%2C_Egypt._Naqada_period._The_Petrie_Museum_of_Egyptian_Archaeology%2C_London.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6016" data-file-height="4016" /></a><figcaption>Incised hippopotamus ivory tusk (upper canine) with four holes around top (Naqada Tomb 1419, Egypt; Naqada period)</figcaption></figure> <p><i>Hippopotamus amphibius</i> arrived in Europe around 560–460,000 years ago, during the Middle Pleistocene.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The distribution of <i>Hippopotamus amphibius</i> in Europe during the Pleistocene was largely confined to Southern Europe, including the Iberian Peninsula,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Italy,<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:02_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Greece,<sup id="cite_ref-:1_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but extended into northwestern Europe, including Great Britain (as far north as <a href="/wiki/North_Yorkshire" title="North Yorkshire">North Yorkshire</a>), the Netherlands, and western Germany during <a href="/wiki/Interglacial" title="Interglacial">interglacial</a> periods, such as the <a href="/wiki/Last_Interglacial" title="Last Interglacial">Last Interglacial</a> (130–115,000 years ago).<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The youngest records of the species in Europe are from the Late Pleistocene of Greece, dating to around 40–30,000 years ago.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Archaeological evidence exists of its presence in the <a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levant</a>, dating to less than 3,000 years ago.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The species was common in <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Nile" title="Nile">Nile</a> region during <a href="/wiki/Classical_antiquity" title="Classical antiquity">antiquity</a>, but it has since been driven out. According to <a href="/wiki/Pliny_the_Elder" title="Pliny the Elder">Pliny the Elder</a>, in his time, the best location in Egypt for capturing this animal was in the <a href="/wiki/Sais,_Egypt" title="Sais, Egypt">Saite nome</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-Pliny_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pliny-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the animal could still be found along the <a href="/wiki/Damietta" title="Damietta">Damietta</a> branch of the Nile after the Arab Conquest in 639. Reports of the slaughter of the last hippo in <a href="/wiki/Natal_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Natal Province">Natal Province</a> were made at the end of the 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hippos are still found in the rivers and lakes of the northern <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a>, north through to <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a>, west to <a href="/wiki/The_Gambia" title="The Gambia">The Gambia</a>, and south to <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Genetic evidence suggests common hippos in Africa experienced a marked population expansion during or after the <a href="/wiki/Pleistocene" title="Pleistocene">Pleistocene</a>, attributed to an increase in water bodies at the end of the era. These findings have important conservation implications, as hippo populations across the continent are currently threatened by loss of access to fresh water.<sup id="cite_ref-Okello_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Okello-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hippos are also subject to unregulated hunting and <a href="/wiki/Poaching" title="Poaching">poaching</a>. The species is included in Appendix II of the <a href="/wiki/Convention_on_International_Trade_in_Endangered_Species" class="mw-redirect" title="Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species">Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species</a> (CITES) meaning international export/import (including in parts and derivatives) requires CITES documentation to be obtained and presented to border authorities.<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Appendices_{{!}}_CITES_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Appendices_{{!}}_CITES-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2017, the <a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN Red List</a> drawn up by the <a href="/wiki/International_Union_for_Conservation_of_Nature" title="International Union for Conservation of Nature">International Union for Conservation of Nature</a> (IUCN) lists the species as <a href="/wiki/Vulnerable_species" title="Vulnerable species">vulnerable</a>, with a stable population estimated between 115,000 and 130,000 animals.<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The hippo population has declined most dramatically in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.<sup id="cite_ref-HippoHaven_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HippoHaven-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 2005, the population in <a href="/wiki/Virunga_National_Park" title="Virunga National Park">Virunga National Park</a> had dropped to 800 or 900 from around 29,000 in the mid-1970s.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This decline is attributed to the disruptions caused by the <a href="/wiki/Second_Congo_War" title="Second Congo War">Second Congo War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The poachers are believed to be <a href="/wiki/Mai-Mai" title="Mai-Mai">Mai-Mai</a> rebels, underpaid Congolese soldiers, and local militia groups.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_64-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-natgeo_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-natgeo-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reasons for poaching include the belief hippos are harmful to society, as well as financial gain.<sup id="cite_ref-Star_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Star-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2016, the Virunga hippo population appears to have increased again, possibly due to better protection from park rangers, who have worked with local fishermen.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The sale of hippo meat is illegal, but black-market sales are difficult for Virunga National Park officers to track.<sup id="cite_ref-natgeo_65-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-natgeo-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Star_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Star-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hippo meat is highly valued in some areas of central Africa and the teeth may be used as a replacement for elephant ivory.<sup id="cite_ref-newscientist2003_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newscientist2003-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A population of hippos <a href="/wiki/Hippopotamuses_in_Colombia" title="Hippopotamuses in Colombia">exists in Colombia</a>, descended from captive individuals that escaped from <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Escobar" title="Pablo Escobar">Pablo Escobar</a>'s estate after his death in 1993. Their numbers grew to 100 by the 2020s and ecologists believe the population should be eradicated, as they are breeding rapidly and are an increasing menace to humans and the environment. Attempts to control them include sterilisation and <a href="/wiki/Culling" title="Culling">culling</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Behaviour_and_ecology">Behaviour and ecology</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Hippo.ogv/220px--Hippo.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="106" data-mwtitle="Hippo.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Hippo.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/Hippo.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="532" data-height="300" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c0/Hippo.ogv/Hippo.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="532" data-height="300" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c0/Hippo.ogv/Hippo.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c0/Hippo.ogv/Hippo.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /></video></span><figcaption>Video of hippos in the wild</figcaption></figure> <p>Hippos are <a href="/wiki/Semiaquatic" title="Semiaquatic">semiaquatic</a> and require enough water to immerse in, while being close to grass.<sup id="cite_ref-estes_36-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-estes-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They mostly live in freshwater habitat, but can be found in <a href="/wiki/Estuaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Estuaries">estuaries</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They prefer relatively still waters with gently sloping shores, though male hippos may also be found in very small numbers in more <a href="/wiki/Rapids" title="Rapids">rapid</a> waters with rocky slopes.<sup id="cite_ref-kingdon_39-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kingdon-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 264">: 264 </span></sup> Like most herbivores, hippos will consume a variety of plants if presented with them in captivity, but their diet in nature consists almost entirely of grass, with only minimal consumption of aquatic plants.<sup id="cite_ref-Grey_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grey-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hippos spend most of the day in water to stay cool and hydrated. Just before night begins, they leave the water to forage on land. A hippo will travel 3–5 km (1.9–3.1 mi) per night, eating around 40 kg (88 lb) of grass. By dawn, they are back in the water.<sup id="cite_ref-estes_36-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-estes-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite being semiaquatic, an adult hippo is not a particularly good swimmer, nor can it float. It rarely enters deep water; when it does, the animal moves by bouncing off the bottom. An adult hippo surfaces every four to six minutes, while young need to breathe every two to three minutes.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Hippos_7-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Hippos-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 3–4">: 3–4 </span></sup> Hippos move on land by <a href="/wiki/Trot" title="Trot">trotting</a>, and limb movements do not change between speeds. They can reach an airborne stage (a stage when all limb are off the ground) when they move fast enough. Hippos are reported to reach 30 km/h (19 mph) but this has not been confirmed.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are incapable of jumping but can walk up steep banks.<sup id="cite_ref-estes_36-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-estes-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The hippopotamus sleeps with both hemispheres of the brain resting, as in all land mammals, and usually sleeps on land or in water with the nostrils exposed. Despite this, it may be capable of sleeping while submerged, intermittently surfacing to breathe without waking. They appear to transition between different phases of sleep more quickly than other mammals.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Because of their size and their habit of taking the same paths to feed, hippos can have a significant impact on the land across which they walk, keeping the land clear of vegetation and depressing the ground. Over prolonged periods, hippos can divert the paths of swamps and channels.<sup id="cite_ref-Botswana_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Botswana-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By defecating in the water, the animals also appear to pass on microbes from their gut, affecting the <a href="/wiki/Biogeochemical_cycle" title="Biogeochemical cycle">biogeochemical cycle</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On occasion, hippos have been filmed eating <a href="/wiki/Carrion" title="Carrion">carrion</a>, usually near the water. There are other reports of meat-eating and even <a href="/wiki/Cannibalism" title="Cannibalism">cannibalism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Predation" title="Predation">predation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hippos' stomach anatomy lacks adaptions to carnivory and meat-eating is likely caused by lack of nutrients or just an abnormal behaviour.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Hippos_7-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Hippos-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 82–84">: 82–84 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Social_life">Social life</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hippo_pod_edit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Hippo_pod_edit.jpg/220px-Hippo_pod_edit.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Hippo_pod_edit.jpg/330px-Hippo_pod_edit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Hippo_pod_edit.jpg/440px-Hippo_pod_edit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2160" data-file-height="1440" /></a><figcaption>Hippopotamus pod</figcaption></figure> <p>It is challenging to study the interaction of bulls and cows because hippos are not <a href="/wiki/Sexual_dimorphism" title="Sexual dimorphism">sexually dimorphic</a>, so cows and young bulls are almost indistinguishable in the field.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hippo pods fluctuate but can contain over 100 hippos. Although they lie close together, adults develop almost no social bonds. Males establish <a href="/wiki/Territory_(animal)" title="Territory (animal)">territories</a> in water but not land, and these may range 250–500 m (820–1,640 ft) in lakes and 50–100 m (160–330 ft) in rivers. Territories are abandoned when the water dries up. The bull has breeding access to all the cows in his territory. Younger bachelors are allowed to stay as long as they defer to him. A younger male may challenge the old bull for control of the territory. Within the pods, the hippos tend to segregate by sex and status. Bachelor males lounge near other bachelors, females with other females, and the territorial male is on his own. When hippos emerge from the water to graze, they do so individually.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Hippos_7-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Hippos-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 4–5, 49–50">: 4–5, 49–50 </span></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hippo_fight.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Hippo_fight.jpg/220px-Hippo_fight.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Hippo_fight.jpg/330px-Hippo_fight.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Hippo_fight.jpg/440px-Hippo_fight.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="502" /></a><figcaption>Male hippos fighting</figcaption></figure> <p>Hippos engage in "muck-spreading" which involves defecating while spinning their tails to distribute the faeces over a greater area. Muck-spreading occurs both on land and in water and its function is not well understood. It is unlikely to serve a territorial function, as the animals only establish territories in the water. They may be used as trails between the water and grazing areas.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Hippos_7-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Hippos-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 5, 51–52">: 5, 51–52 </span></sup> "Yawning" serves as a threat display.<sup id="cite_ref-estes_36-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-estes-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When fighting, bulls use their incisors to block each other's attacks and their large canines as offensive weapons.<sup id="cite_ref-kingdon_39-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kingdon-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 259–260">: 259–260 </span></sup> When hippos become over-populated or a habitat shrinks, bulls sometimes attempt <a href="/wiki/Infanticide_(zoology)" title="Infanticide (zoology)">infanticide</a>, but this behaviour is not common under normal conditions.<sup id="cite_ref-Infanticide_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Infanticide-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The most common hippo vocalisation is the "wheeze honk", which can travel over long distances in air.<sup id="cite_ref-wheeze-honk_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wheeze-honk-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This call starts as a high-pitched squeal followed by a deeper, resonant call.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Hippos_7-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Hippos-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 5">: 5 </span></sup> The animals can recognise the calls of other individuals. Hippos are more likely to react to the wheeze honks of strangers than to those they are more familiar with.<sup id="cite_ref-wheeze-honk_78-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wheeze-honk-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When threatened or alarmed, they produce exhalations,<sup id="cite_ref-estes_36-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-estes-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and fighting bulls will bellow loudly.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Hippos_7-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Hippos-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 5">: 5 </span></sup> Hippos are recorded to produce clicks underwater which may have <a href="/wiki/Animal_echolocation" title="Animal echolocation">echolocative</a> properties.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They have the unique ability to hold their heads partially above the water and send out a cry that travels through both water and air; individuals respond both above and below water.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reproduction">Reproduction</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hippofetus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Hippofetus.jpg/220px-Hippofetus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Hippofetus.jpg/330px-Hippofetus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Hippofetus.jpg/440px-Hippofetus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4854" data-file-height="3349" /></a><figcaption>Preserved hippopotamus fetus</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mother_and_Young_Hippo,_Uganda_(15397037561).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Mother_and_Young_Hippo%2C_Uganda_%2815397037561%29.jpg/220px-Mother_and_Young_Hippo%2C_Uganda_%2815397037561%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Mother_and_Young_Hippo%2C_Uganda_%2815397037561%29.jpg/330px-Mother_and_Young_Hippo%2C_Uganda_%2815397037561%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Mother_and_Young_Hippo%2C_Uganda_%2815397037561%29.jpg/440px-Mother_and_Young_Hippo%2C_Uganda_%2815397037561%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="731" /></a><figcaption>Cow and calf</figcaption></figure> <p>Cows reach sexual maturity at five to six years of age and have a <a href="/wiki/Pregnancy_(mammals)" title="Pregnancy (mammals)">gestation period</a> of eight months.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A study of <a href="/wiki/Endocrine_system" title="Endocrine system">endocrine systems</a> revealed cows may begin puberty at as early as three or four years.<sup id="cite_ref-Endocrine_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Endocrine-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bulls reach maturity at around 7.5 years. Both conceptions and births are highest during the <a href="/wiki/Wet_season" title="Wet season">wet season</a>. Male hippos always have mobile <a href="/wiki/Spermatozoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Spermatozoa">spermatozoa</a> and can breed year-round.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Hippos_7-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Hippos-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 59–61, 66">: 59–61, 66 </span></sup> After becoming pregnant, a female hippo will typically not begin ovulation again for 17 months.<sup id="cite_ref-Endocrine_82-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Endocrine-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hippos mate in the water, with the cow remaining under the surface,<sup id="cite_ref-The_Hippos_7-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Hippos-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 63">: 63 </span></sup> her head emerging periodically to draw breath. Cows give birth in seclusion and return within 10 to 14 days. Calves are born on land or shallow water<sup id="cite_ref-estes_36-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-estes-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> weighing on average 50 kg (110 lb) and at an average length of around 127 cm (50 in). The female lies on her side when nursing, which can occur underwater or on land. The young are carried on their mothers' backs in deep water.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Hippos_7-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Hippos-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 4, 64">: 4, 64 </span></sup> </p><p>Mother hippos are very protective of their young, not allowing others to get too close.<sup id="cite_ref-estes_36-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-estes-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One cow was recorded protecting a calf's carcass after it had died.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Calves may be temporarily kept in <a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%A8che_(zoology)" title="Crèche (zoology)">nurseries</a>, guarded by one or more adults, and will play amongst themselves.<sup id="cite_ref-estes_36-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-estes-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like many other large mammals, hippos are described as <a href="/wiki/K-selection" class="mw-redirect" title="K-selection">K-strategists</a>, in this case typically producing just one large, well-developed infant every couple of years (rather than many small, poorly developed young several times per year, as is common among small mammals such as rodents).<sup id="cite_ref-Endocrine_82-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Endocrine-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Infanticide_77-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Infanticide-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Calves no longer need to suckle when they are a year old.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Hippos_7-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Hippos-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 64">: 64 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Interspecies_interactions">Interspecies interactions</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kruger-Park-Hippo-And-Crocodile.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Kruger-Park-Hippo-And-Crocodile.jpg/220px-Kruger-Park-Hippo-And-Crocodile.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Kruger-Park-Hippo-And-Crocodile.jpg/330px-Kruger-Park-Hippo-And-Crocodile.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Kruger-Park-Hippo-And-Crocodile.jpg/440px-Kruger-Park-Hippo-And-Crocodile.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5234" data-file-height="3271" /></a><figcaption>A hippopotamus and Nile crocodile side by side in Kruger National Park</figcaption></figure> <p>Hippos coexist alongside a variety of large predators in their habitats. <a href="/wiki/Nile_crocodile" title="Nile crocodile">Nile crocodiles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lion" title="Lion">lions</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Spotted_hyena" title="Spotted hyena">spotted hyenas</a> are known to prey on young hippos.<sup id="cite_ref-estes_36-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-estes-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beyond these, adult hippos are not usually preyed upon by other animals due to their aggression and size. Cases where large lion prides have successfully preyed on adult hippos have been reported, but it is generally rare.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lions occasionally prey on adults at <a href="/wiki/Gorongosa_National_Park" title="Gorongosa National Park">Gorongosa National Park</a> and calves are sometimes taken at Virunga.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Crocodile" title="Crocodile">Crocodiles</a> are frequent targets of hippo aggression, probably because they often inhabit the same <a href="/wiki/Riparian" class="mw-redirect" title="Riparian">riparian</a> habitats; crocodiles may be either aggressively displaced or killed by hippos.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In turn, very large Nile crocodiles have been observed preying occasionally on calves, "half-grown" hippos, and possibly also adult female hippos. Groups of crocodiles have also been observed finishing off still-living male hippos that were previously injured in mating battles with other males.<sup id="cite_ref-Cott_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cott-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Guggisberg_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guggisberg-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hippos occasionally visit <a href="/wiki/Cleaning_stations" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleaning stations">cleaning stations</a> in order to be cleaned of parasites by certain species of fishes. They signal their readiness for this service by opening their mouths wide. This is an example of <a href="/wiki/Mutualism_(biology)" title="Mutualism (biology)">mutualism</a>, in which the hippo benefits from the cleaning while the fish receive food.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hippo defecation creates <a href="/wiki/Allochthonous" class="mw-redirect" title="Allochthonous">allochthonous</a> deposits of organic matter along the river beds. These deposits have an unclear ecological function.<sup id="cite_ref-Grey_70-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grey-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 2015 study concluded hippo dung provides nutrients from terrestrial material for fish and aquatic invertebrates,<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while a 2018 study found that their dung can be toxic to aquatic life in large quantities, due to absorption of dissolved oxygen in water bodies.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The parasitic <a href="/wiki/Monogenea" title="Monogenea">monogenean</a> <a href="/wiki/Flatworm" title="Flatworm">flatworm</a><i> Oculotrema hippopotami</i> infests hippopotamus eyes, mainly the nictitating membrane. It is the only monogenean species (which normally live on fish) documented to live on a mammal.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hippos_and_humans">Hippos and humans</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Standing_Hippopotamus_MET_DP248993.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Standing_Hippopotamus_MET_DP248993.jpg/220px-Standing_Hippopotamus_MET_DP248993.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Standing_Hippopotamus_MET_DP248993.jpg/330px-Standing_Hippopotamus_MET_DP248993.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Standing_Hippopotamus_MET_DP248993.jpg/440px-Standing_Hippopotamus_MET_DP248993.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2899" data-file-height="2195" /></a><figcaption>Hippopotamus (<a href="/wiki/William_the_Faience_Hippopotamus" title="William the Faience Hippopotamus">"William"</a>), <a href="/wiki/Middle_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Middle Kingdom of Egypt">Middle Kingdom of Egypt</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1961–1878 BC</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NMW_-_R%C3%B6misches_Mosaik_1b.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/NMW_-_R%C3%B6misches_Mosaik_1b.jpg/220px-NMW_-_R%C3%B6misches_Mosaik_1b.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/NMW_-_R%C3%B6misches_Mosaik_1b.jpg/330px-NMW_-_R%C3%B6misches_Mosaik_1b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/NMW_-_R%C3%B6misches_Mosaik_1b.jpg/440px-NMW_-_R%C3%B6misches_Mosaik_1b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1712" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Roman_mosaic" title="Roman mosaic">Roman mosaic</a> showing a hippopotamus in the river Nile, <a href="/wiki/Roman_Egypt" title="Roman Egypt">Roman Egypt</a>, 1st century AD</figcaption></figure> <p>Cut marks on bones of <i>H. amphibius</i> found at <a href="/wiki/Bolomor_Cave" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolomor Cave">Bolomor Cave</a>, a site in Spain preserving fossils dating from 230,000 to 120,000 years ago, provides evidence for <a href="/wiki/Neanderthal" title="Neanderthal">Neanderthal</a> butchery of hippopotamuses.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The earliest evidence of modern human interaction with hippos comes from butchery cut marks on hippo bones found at the <a href="/wiki/Bouri_Formation" title="Bouri Formation">Bouri Formation</a> and dated to around 160,000 years ago.<sup id="cite_ref-Clark_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clark-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 4,000–5,000 year art showing hippos being hunted have been found in the <a href="/wiki/Tassili_n%27Ajjer" title="Tassili n'Ajjer">Tassili n'Ajjer Mountains</a> of the central <a href="/wiki/Sahara" title="Sahara">Sahara</a> near <a href="/wiki/Djanet" title="Djanet">Djanet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Hippos_7-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Hippos-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 1">: 1 </span></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">ancient Egyptians</a> recognised the hippo as ferocious, and representations on the tombs of nobles show humans hunting them.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The hippo was also known to the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Greeks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Romans</a>. The Greek historian <a href="/wiki/Herodotus" title="Herodotus">Herodotus</a> described the hippo in <i><a href="/wiki/Histories_(Herodotus)" title="Histories (Herodotus)">The Histories</a></i> (written <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/circa" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:circa">circa</a></i> 440 BC) and the Roman naturalist <a href="/wiki/Pliny_the_Elder" title="Pliny the Elder">Pliny the Elder</a> wrote about the hippo in his encyclopedia <i><a href="/wiki/Naturalis_Historia" class="mw-redirect" title="Naturalis Historia">Naturalis Historia</a></i> (written <i>circa</i> 77 AD).<sup id="cite_ref-Pliny_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pliny-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Yoruba_people" title="Yoruba people">Yoruba people</a> called the hippo <i>erinmi</i>, which means "elephant of the water".<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some individual hippos have achieved international fame. <a href="/wiki/Huberta_(hippopotamus)" title="Huberta (hippopotamus)">Huberta</a> became a celebrity during the Great Depression for trekking a great distance across <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-reaktion_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reaktion-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 111–112">: 111–112 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Attacks_on_humans">Attacks on humans</h3></div> <p>The hippo is considered to be extremely aggressive and has frequently been reported charging and attacking boats.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Small boats can easily be capsized by hippos and passengers can be injured or killed by the animals, or drown in the water. In one 2014 case in <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a>, a boat was capsized by a hippo and 13 people were killed.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hippos will often raid farm crops if the opportunity arises, and humans may come into conflict with them on these occasions. These encounters can be fatal to either humans or hippos.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the <a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemaic kingdom">Ptolemaic</a> historian <a href="/wiki/Manetho" title="Manetho">Manetho</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Pharaoh" title="Pharaoh">pharaoh</a> <a href="/wiki/Menes" title="Menes">Menes</a> was carried off and then killed by a hippopotamus.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_zoos">In zoos</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Obaysch_1852.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Obaysch_1852.jpg/220px-Obaysch_1852.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Obaysch_1852.jpg/330px-Obaysch_1852.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Obaysch_1852.jpg/440px-Obaysch_1852.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="461" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Obaysch" title="Obaysch">Obaysch</a> lounging at the <a href="/wiki/London_Zoo" title="London Zoo">London Zoo</a> in 1852</figcaption></figure> <p>Hippos have long been popular zoo animals. The first record of hippos taken into captivity for display is dated to 3500 BC in Hierakonpolis, Egypt.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first zoo hippo in modern history was <a href="/wiki/Obaysch" title="Obaysch">Obaysch</a>, who arrived at the <a href="/wiki/London_Zoo" title="London Zoo">London Zoo</a> on 25 May 1850, where he attracted up to 10,000 visitors a day and inspired a popular song, the "Hippopotamus Polka".<sup id="cite_ref-Mania_107-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mania-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hippos generally breed well in captivity; birth rates are lower than in the wild, but this can be attributed to zoos' desire to limit births, since hippos are relatively expensive to maintain.<sup id="cite_ref-Mania_107-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mania-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Starting in 2015, the <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati_Zoo" class="mw-redirect" title="Cincinnati Zoo">Cincinnati Zoo</a> built a US$73 million exhibit to house three adult hippos, featuring a 250,000 L (55,000 imp gal; 66,000 US gal) tank. Modern hippo enclosures also have a complex filtration system for the animal's waste, an underwater viewing area for the visitors, and glass that may be up to 9 cm (3.5 in) thick and capable of holding water under pressures of 31 kPa (4.5 psi).<sup id="cite_ref-reaktion_101-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reaktion-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 158–159">: 158–159 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cultural_significance">Cultural significance</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kalabari_masks_BM.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Kalabari_masks_BM.jpg/170px-Kalabari_masks_BM.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Kalabari_masks_BM.jpg/255px-Kalabari_masks_BM.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Kalabari_masks_BM.jpg/340px-Kalabari_masks_BM.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2200" data-file-height="2553" /></a><figcaption>Ijaw hippopotamus masks</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_mythology" title="Egyptian mythology">Egyptian mythology</a>, the god <a href="/wiki/Set_(deity)" title="Set (deity)">Set</a> takes the form of a red hippopotamus and fights <a href="/wiki/Horus" title="Horus">Horus</a> for control of the land, but is defeated. The goddess <a href="/wiki/Tawaret" class="mw-redirect" title="Tawaret">Tawaret</a> is depicted as a pregnant woman with a hippo head, representing fierce maternal love.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Ijaw_people" title="Ijaw people">Ijaw people</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Niger_Delta" title="Niger Delta">Niger Delta</a> wore masks of aquatic animals like the hippo when practising their <a href="/wiki/Water_spirit" title="Water spirit">water spirit</a> cults,<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and hippo ivory was used in the <a href="/wiki/Divination" title="Divination">divination</a> rituals of the Yoruba.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hippo masks were also used in <a href="/wiki/Nyau" title="Nyau">Nyau</a> funerary rituals of the <a href="/wiki/Chewa_people" title="Chewa people">Chewa</a> of Southern Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-reaktion_101-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reaktion-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 120">: 120 </span></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Robert_Baden-Powell,_1st_Baron_Baden-Powell" title="Robert Baden-Powell, 1st Baron Baden-Powell">Robert Baden-Powell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zulu_people" title="Zulu people">Zulu</a> warriors referred to hippos in war chants.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Behemoth" title="Behemoth">Behemoth</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Job" title="Book of Job">Book of Job</a>, 40:15–24 is thought to be based on the hippo.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hippos have been the subjects of various <a href="/wiki/African_folklore" class="mw-redirect" title="African folklore">African folktales</a>. According to a <a href="/wiki/San_people" title="San people">San</a> story, when the <a href="/wiki/Creator_deity" title="Creator deity">Creator</a> assigned each animal its place in nature, the hippos wanted to live in the water, but were refused out of fear they might eat all the fish. After begging and pleading, the hippos were finally allowed to live in the water on the condition they would eat grass instead of fish, and fling their dung so it can be inspected for fish bones. In a Ndebele tale, the hippo originally had long, beautiful hair, but it was set on fire by a jealous hare and the hippo had to jump into a nearby pool. The hippo lost most of his hair and was too embarrassed to leave the water.<sup id="cite_ref-folktale_114-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-folktale-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hippopotamus-polka-early1850s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Hippopotamus-polka-early1850s.jpg/170px-Hippopotamus-polka-early1850s.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="248" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Hippopotamus-polka-early1850s.jpg/255px-Hippopotamus-polka-early1850s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Hippopotamus-polka-early1850s.jpg/340px-Hippopotamus-polka-early1850s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="906" /></a><figcaption>The "Hippopotamus Polka"</figcaption></figure> <p>Hippopotamuses were rarely depicted in European art during the <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baroque" title="Baroque">Baroque</a> periods, due to less access to specimens by Europeans. One notable exception is <a href="/wiki/Peter_Paul_Rubens" title="Peter Paul Rubens">Peter Paul Rubens</a>' <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hippopotamus_and_Crocodile_Hunt" title="The Hippopotamus and Crocodile Hunt">The Hippopotamus and Crocodile Hunt</a></i> (1615–1616).<sup id="cite_ref-reaktion_101-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reaktion-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 122–123">: 122–123 </span></sup> Ever since <a href="/wiki/Obaysch" title="Obaysch">Obaysch</a> inspired the "Hippopotamus Polka", hippos have been popular animals in <a href="/wiki/Western_culture" title="Western culture">Western culture</a> for their rotund appearance, which many consider comical.<sup id="cite_ref-Mania_107-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mania-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/The_Walt_Disney_Company" title="The Walt Disney Company">Disney</a> film <i><a href="/wiki/Fantasia_(1940_film)" title="Fantasia (1940 film)">Fantasia</a></i> featured a ballerina hippo dancing to the opera <i><a href="/wiki/La_Gioconda_(opera)" title="La Gioconda (opera)">La Gioconda</a></i>. The film <i><a href="/wiki/Hugo_the_Hippo" title="Hugo the Hippo">Hugo the Hippo</a></i> is set in Tanzania and involves the title character trying to escape being slaughtered with the help of local children. The <i><a href="/wiki/Madagascar_(franchise)" title="Madagascar (franchise)">Madagascar</a></i> films feature a hippo named <a href="/wiki/List_of_Madagascar_(franchise)_characters#Gloria" title="List of Madagascar (franchise) characters">Gloria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-reaktion_101-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reaktion-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 128–129">: 128–129 </span></sup> Hippos even inspired a popular board game, <a href="/wiki/Hungry_Hungry_Hippos" title="Hungry Hungry Hippos">Hungry Hungry Hippos</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Among the most famous poems about the hippo is "The Hippopotamus" by <a href="/wiki/T._S._Eliot" title="T. S. Eliot">T. S. Eliot</a>, where he uses the animal to represent the Catholic Church. Hippos are mentioned in the novelty Christmas song "<a href="/wiki/I_Want_a_Hippopotamus_for_Christmas" title="I Want a Hippopotamus for Christmas">I Want a Hippopotamus for Christmas</a>" that became a hit for child star <a href="/wiki/Gayla_Peevey" title="Gayla Peevey">Gayla Peevey</a> in 1953. They also featured in the popular "The Hippopotamous Song" by <a href="/wiki/Flanders_and_Swann" title="Flanders and Swann">Flanders and Swann</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-reaktion_101-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reaktion-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 128, 136">: 128, 136 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Okapi2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Okapi2.jpg/32px-Okapi2.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Okapi2.jpg/48px-Okapi2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Okapi2.jpg/64px-Okapi2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1707" data-file-height="1482" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Mammals" title="Portal:Mammals">Mammals portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Hippo_bill" title="American Hippo bill">American Hippo bill</a> - 1910 bill that proposed the introduction of hippos into Louisiana</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armley_Hippo" title="Armley Hippo">Armley Hippo</a> fossil <i>H. amphibius</i> specimen from England</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allenton_hippopotamus" title="Allenton hippopotamus">Allenton hippopotamus</a> fossil <i>H. amphibius</i> specimen from England</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owen_and_Mzee" title="Owen and Mzee">Owen and Mzee</a> - hippo and tortoise who bonded</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiona_(hippopotamus)" title="Fiona (hippopotamus)">Fiona</a> - hippo born 6 weeks early at the <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati_Zoo_and_Botanical_Garden" title="Cincinnati Zoo and Botanical Garden">Cincinnati Zoo and Botanical Garden</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-iucn-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLewison,_R.Pluháček,_J.2017" class="citation journal cs1">Lewison, R.; Pluháček, J. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/10103/18567364">"<i>Hippopotamus amphibius</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN Red List of Threatened Species</a></i>. <b>2017</b>: e.T10103A18567364. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T10103A18567364.en">10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T10103A18567364.en</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 July</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Integrated+Taxonomic+Information+System&rft.atitle=ITIS+on+Hippopotamus+amphibius&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.itis.gov%2Fservlet%2FSingleRpt%2FSingleRpt%3Fsearch_topic%3DTSN%26search_value%3D625024&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHippopotamus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=i(ppopo/tamos"><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἱπποπόταμος</span></span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=i(/ppos"><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἵππος</span></span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=potamo/s"><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ποταμός</span></span></a>. <a href="/wiki/Henry_Liddell" title="Henry Liddell">Liddell, Henry George</a>; <a href="/wiki/Robert_Scott_(philologist)" title="Robert Scott (philologist)">Scott, Robert</a>; <i><a href="/wiki/A_Greek%E2%80%93English_Lexicon" title="A Greek–English Lexicon">A Greek–English Lexicon</a></i> at the <a href="/wiki/Perseus_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="Perseus Project">Perseus Project</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hippopotamus">"Hippopotamus"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Webster%27s_Dictionary" title="Webster's Dictionary">Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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(2000). <i>When Hippo Was Hairy: And Other Tales from Africa</i>. Struik. pp. 67–71. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86872-456-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86872-456-7"><bdi>978-1-86872-456-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=When+Hippo+Was+Hairy%3A+And+Other+Tales+from+Africa&rft.pages=67-71&rft.pub=Struik&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-1-86872-456-7&rft.au=Greaves%2C+N.&rft.au=Clement%2C+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHippopotamus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobinsonFlackeHentschel2017" class="citation book cs1">Robinson, P. T.; Flacke, G. L.; Hentschel, K. M. (2017). <i>The Pygmy Hippo Story: West Africa's Enigma of the Rainforest</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780190611859" title="Special:BookSources/9780190611859"><bdi>9780190611859</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Pygmy+Hippo+Story%3A+West+Africa%27s+Enigma+of+the+Rainforest&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9780190611859&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=P.+T.&rft.au=Flacke%2C+G.+L.&rft.au=Hentschel%2C+K.+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHippopotamus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hippopotamus_amphibius" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Hippopotamus amphibius">Hippopotamus amphibius</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Hippopotami" class="extiw" title="q:Hippopotami">Hippopotami</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101119172410/http://awf.org/content/wildlife/detail/hippopotamus">"Hippos: Wildlife summary"</a>. <a href="/wiki/African_Wildlife_Foundation" title="African Wildlife Foundation">African Wildlife Foundation</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://awf.org/content/wildlife/detail/hippopotamus">the original</a> on 19 November 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hippos%3A+Wildlife+summary&rft.pub=African+Wildlife+Foundation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fawf.org%2Fcontent%2Fwildlife%2Fdetail%2Fhippopotamus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHippopotamus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141122203937/http://www.ml.duke.edu/projects/hippos/">"Hippo Specialist Group of the World Conservation Union"</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Union_for_Conservation_of_Nature" title="International Union for Conservation of Nature">International Union for Conservation of Nature</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ml.duke.edu/projects/hippos/">the original</a> on 22 November 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 November</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hippo+Specialist+Group+of+the+World+Conservation+Union&rft.pub=International+Union+for+Conservation+of+Nature&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ml.duke.edu%2Fprojects%2Fhippos%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHippopotamus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.com/news/history-lists/11-things-you-may-not-know-about-ancient-egypt">"11 Things You May Not Know About Ancient Egypt: King Tut may have been killed by a hippopotamus"</a>. <a href="/wiki/History_(U.S._TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="History (U.S. TV channel)">History</a>. 12 November 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141217213422/http://www.history.com/news/history-lists/11-things-you-may-not-know-about-ancient-egypt">Archived</a> from the original on 17 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=11+Things+You+May+Not+Know+About+Ancient+Egypt%3A+King+Tut+may+have+been+killed+by+a+hippopotamus&rft.pub=History&rft.date=2012-11-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.com%2Fnews%2Fhistory-lists%2F11-things-you-may-not-know-about-ancient-egypt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHippopotamus" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Antilocapra" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="/wiki/Pronghorn" title="Pronghorn">Antilocapra</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pronghorn" title="Pronghorn">Pronghorn (<i>A. americana</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Giraffidae" title="Giraffidae">Giraffidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="/wiki/Okapi" title="Okapi">Okapia</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Okapi" title="Okapi">Okapi (<i>O. johnstoni</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="/wiki/Giraffe" title="Giraffe">Giraffa</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_giraffe" title="Northern giraffe">Northern giraffe (<i>G. camelopardalis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_giraffe" title="Southern giraffe">Southern giraffe (<i>G. giraffa</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reticulated_giraffe" title="Reticulated giraffe">Reticulated giraffe (<i>G. reticulata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masai_giraffe" title="Masai giraffe">Masai giraffe (<i>G. tippelskirchi</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Moschidae" title="Moschidae">Moschidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Moschus" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="/wiki/Musk_deer" title="Musk deer">Moschus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anhui_musk_deer" title="Anhui musk deer">Anhui musk deer (<i>M. anhuiensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwarf_musk_deer" title="Dwarf musk deer">Dwarf musk deer (<i>M. berezovskii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpine_musk_deer" title="Alpine musk deer">Alpine musk deer (<i>M. chrysogaster</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmir_musk_deer" title="Kashmir musk deer">Kashmir musk deer (<i>M. cupreus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_musk_deer" title="Black musk deer">Black musk deer (<i>M. fuscus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White-bellied_musk_deer" title="White-bellied musk deer">Himalayan musk deer (<i>M. leucogaster</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siberian_musk_deer" title="Siberian musk deer">Siberian musk deer (<i>M. moschiferus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chevrotain" title="Chevrotain">Tragulidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="/wiki/Water_chevrotain" title="Water chevrotain">Hyemoschus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Water_chevrotain" title="Water chevrotain">Water chevrotain (<i>H. aquaticus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="/wiki/Moschiola" title="Moschiola">Moschiola</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_spotted_chevrotain" title="Indian spotted chevrotain">Indian spotted chevrotain (<i>M. indica</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow-striped_chevrotain" title="Yellow-striped chevrotain">Yellow-striped chevrotain (<i>M. kathygre</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_spotted_chevrotain" title="Sri Lankan spotted chevrotain">Sri Lankan spotted chevrotain (<i>M. meminna</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="/wiki/Tragulus" title="Tragulus">Tragulus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Java_mouse-deer" title="Java mouse-deer">Java mouse-deer (<i>T. javanicus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesser_mouse-deer" title="Lesser mouse-deer">Lesser mouse-deer (<i>T. kanchil</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_mouse-deer" title="Greater mouse-deer">Greater mouse-deer (<i>T. napu</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_mouse-deer" title="Philippine mouse-deer">Philippine mouse-deer (<i>T. nigricans</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_mouse-deer" title="Vietnam mouse-deer">Vietnam mouse-deer (<i>T. versicolor</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Williamson%27s_mouse-deer" title="Williamson's mouse-deer">Williamson's mouse-deer (<i>T. williamsoni</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Deer" title="Deer">Cervidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">Large family listed below</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bovidae" title="Bovidae">Bovidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">Large family listed below</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Family_Cervidae" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="nobold">Family <a href="/wiki/Deer" title="Deer">Cervidae</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Cervinae" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cervinae" title="Cervinae">Cervinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Muntjac" title="Muntjac">Muntiacus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bornean_yellow_muntjac" title="Bornean yellow muntjac">Bornean yellow muntjac (<i>M. atherodes</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hairy-fronted_muntjac" title="Hairy-fronted muntjac">Hairy-fronted muntjac (<i>M. crinifrons</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fea%27s_muntjac" title="Fea's muntjac">Fea's muntjac (<i>M. feae</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gongshan_muntjac" title="Gongshan muntjac">Gongshan muntjac (<i>M. gongshanensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumatran_muntjac" title="Sumatran muntjac">Sumatran muntjac (<i>M. montanus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_red_muntjac" title="Southern red muntjac">Southern red muntjac (<i>M. muntjak</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pu_Hoat_muntjac" title="Pu Hoat muntjac">Pu Hoat muntjac (<i>M. puhoatensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leaf_muntjac" title="Leaf muntjac">Leaf muntjac (<i>M. putaoensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reeves%27s_muntjac" title="Reeves's muntjac">Reeves's muntjac (<i>M. reevesi</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roosevelt%27s_muntjac" title="Roosevelt's muntjac">Roosevelt's muntjac (<i>M. rooseveltorum</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truong_Son_muntjac" title="Truong Son muntjac">Truong Son muntjac (<i>M. truongsonensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_red_muntjac" title="Northern red muntjac">Northern red muntjac (<i>M. vaginalis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giant_muntjac" title="Giant muntjac">Giant muntjac (<i>M. vuquangensis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Tufted_deer" title="Tufted deer">Elaphodus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tufted_deer" title="Tufted deer">Tufted deer (<i>E. cephalophus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Dama_(genus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dama (genus)">Dama</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_fallow_deer" title="European fallow deer">European fallow deer (<i>D. dama</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_fallow_deer" title="Persian fallow deer">Persian fallow deer (<i>D. mesopotamica</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Axis_(genus)" title="Axis (genus)">Axis</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chital" title="Chital">Chital (<i>A. axis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calamian_deer" title="Calamian deer">Calamian deer (<i>A. calamianensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bawean_deer" title="Bawean deer">Bawean deer (<i>A. kuhlii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_hog_deer" title="Indian hog deer">Hog deer (<i>A. porcinus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Rucervus" title="Rucervus">Rucervus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barasingha" title="Barasingha">Barasingha (<i>R. duvaucelii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eld%27s_deer" title="Eld's deer">Eld's deer (<i>R. eldii</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Elaphurus" title="Elaphurus">Elaphurus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A8re_David%27s_deer" title="Père David's deer">Père David's deer (<i>E. davidianus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Rusa_(genus)" title="Rusa (genus)">Rusa</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Visayan_spotted_deer" title="Visayan spotted deer">Visayan spotted deer (<i>R. alfredi</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_deer" title="Philippine deer">Philippine sambar (<i>R. mariannus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javan_rusa" title="Javan rusa">Rusa deer (<i>R. timorensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sambar_deer" title="Sambar deer">Sambar (<i>R. unicolor</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Cervus" title="Cervus">Cervus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thorold%27s_deer" title="Thorold's deer">Thorold's deer (<i>C. albirostris</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_deer" title="Red deer">Red deer (<i>C. elaphus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elk" title="Elk">Elk (<i>C. canadensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Asian_red_deer" title="Central Asian red deer">Central Asian red deer (<i>C. hanglu</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sika_deer" title="Sika deer">Sika deer (<i>C. nippon</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Capreolinae" title="Capreolinae">Capreolinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Moose" title="Moose">Alces</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moose" title="Moose">Moose (<i>A. alces</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Water_deer" title="Water deer">Hydropotes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Water_deer" title="Water deer">Water deer (<i>H. inermis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Capreolus" title="Capreolus">Capreolus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roe_deer" title="Roe deer">European roe deer (<i>C. capreolus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siberian_roe_deer" title="Siberian roe deer">Siberian roe deer (<i>C. pygargus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Reindeer" title="Reindeer">Rangifer</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reindeer" title="Reindeer">Reindeer (<i>R. tarandus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Hippocamelus" title="Hippocamelus">Hippocamelus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taruca" title="Taruca">Taruca (<i>H. antisensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Andean_deer" title="South Andean deer">South Andean deer (<i>H. bisulcus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Brocket_deer" title="Brocket deer">Mazama</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Red_brocket" title="Red brocket">Red brocket (<i>M. americana</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_red_brocket" title="Small red brocket">Small red brocket (<i>M. bororo</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merida_brocket" class="mw-redirect" title="Merida brocket">Merida brocket (<i>M. bricenii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwarf_brocket" title="Dwarf brocket">Dwarf brocket (<i>M. chunyi</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gray_brocket" title="Gray brocket">Gray brocket (<i>M. gouazoubira</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pygmy_brocket" title="Pygmy brocket">Pygmy brocket (<i>M. nana</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazonian_brown_brocket" title="Amazonian brown brocket">Amazonian brown brocket (<i>M. nemorivaga</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_red_brocket" title="Little red brocket">Little red brocket (<i>M. rufina</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_American_red_brocket" title="Central American red brocket">Central American red brocket (<i>M. temama</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Pampas_deer" title="Pampas deer">Ozotoceros</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pampas_deer" title="Pampas deer">Pampas deer (<i>O. bezoarticus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Marsh_deer" title="Marsh deer">Blastocerus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marsh_deer" title="Marsh deer">Marsh deer (<i>B. dichotomus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Pudu" title="Pudu">Pudu</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_pudu" title="Northern pudu">Northern pudu (<i>P. mephistophiles</i>)</a>?</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_pudu" title="Southern pudu">Southern pudu (<i>P. pudu</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Pudella" class="mw-redirect" title="Pudella">Pudella</a></i>?</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pudella_carlae" title="Pudella carlae">Peruvian Yungas pudu (<i>P. carlae</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_pudu" title="Northern pudu">Northern pudu (<i>P. mephistophiles</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Odocoileus" title="Odocoileus">Odocoileus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mule_deer" title="Mule deer">Mule deer (<i>O. hemionus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yucatan_brown_brocket" title="Yucatan brown brocket">Yucatan brown brocket (<i>O. pandora</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White-tailed_deer" title="White-tailed deer">White-tailed deer (<i>O. virginianus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Family_Bovidae" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="nobold">Family <a href="/wiki/Bovidae" title="Bovidae">Bovidae</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Grazing_antelope" title="Grazing antelope">Hippotraginae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Hippotragus" title="Hippotragus">Hippotragus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roan_antelope" title="Roan antelope">Roan antelope (<i>H. equinus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sable_antelope" title="Sable antelope">Sable antelope (<i>H. niger</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Oryx" title="Oryx">Oryx</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_African_oryx" title="East African oryx">East African oryx (<i>O. beisa</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scimitar_oryx" title="Scimitar oryx">Scimitar oryx (<i>O. dammah</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemsbok" title="Gemsbok">Gemsbok (<i>O. gazella</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabian_oryx" title="Arabian oryx">Arabian oryx (<i>O. leucoryx</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Addax" title="Addax">Addax</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Addax" title="Addax">Addax (<i>A. nasomaculatus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Reduncinae" title="Reduncinae">Reduncinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Kobus_(antelope)" title="Kobus (antelope)">Kobus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Waterbuck" title="Waterbuck">Waterbuck (<i>K. ellipsiprymnus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kob" title="Kob">Kob (<i>K. kob</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lechwe" title="Lechwe">Lechwe (<i>K. leche</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nile_lechwe" title="Nile lechwe">Nile lechwe (<i>K. megaceros</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puku" title="Puku">Puku (<i>K. vardonii</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Reedbuck" title="Reedbuck">Redunca</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_reedbuck" title="Southern reedbuck">Southern reedbuck (<i>R. arundinum</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_reedbuck" title="Mountain reedbuck">Mountain reedbuck (<i>R. fulvorufula</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohor_reedbuck" title="Bohor reedbuck">Bohor reedbuck (<i>R. redunca</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Impala" title="Impala">Aepycerotinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Aepyceros" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Impala" title="Impala">Aepyceros</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impala" title="Impala">Impala (<i>A. melampus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Grey_rhebok" title="Grey rhebok">Peleinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Pelea" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Grey_rhebok" title="Grey rhebok">Pelea</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grey_rhebok" title="Grey rhebok">Grey rhebok (<i>P. capreolus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Alcelaphinae" title="Alcelaphinae">Alcelaphinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Hirola" title="Hirola">Beatragus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hirola" title="Hirola">Hirola (<i>B. hunteri</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Damaliscus" title="Damaliscus">Damaliscus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Damaliscus_lunatus" title="Damaliscus lunatus">Common tsessebe (<i>D. lunatus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bontebok" title="Bontebok">Bontebok (<i>D. pygargus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Hartebeest" title="Hartebeest">Alcelaphus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hartebeest" title="Hartebeest">Hartebeest (<i>A. buselaphus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Wildebeest" title="Wildebeest">Connochaetes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_wildebeest" title="Black wildebeest">Black wildebeest (<i>C. gnou</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_wildebeest" title="Blue wildebeest">Blue wildebeest (<i>C. taurinus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_antelope" title="Tibetan antelope">Pantholopinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Pantholops" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_antelope" title="Tibetan antelope">Pantholops</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_antelope" title="Tibetan antelope">Tibetan antelope (<i>P. hodgsonii</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Caprinae" title="Caprinae">Caprinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">Large subfamily listed below</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bovinae" title="Bovinae">Bovinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">Large subfamily listed below</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Antilopinae" title="Antilopinae">Antilopinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">Large subfamily listed below</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Family_Bovidae_(subfamily_Caprinae)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="nobold">Family <a href="/wiki/Bovidae" title="Bovidae">Bovidae</a> (subfamily <a href="/wiki/Caprinae" title="Caprinae">Caprinae</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Barbary_sheep" title="Barbary sheep">Ammotragus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbary_sheep" title="Barbary sheep">Barbary sheep (<i>A. lervia</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Arabian_tahr" title="Arabian tahr">Arabitragus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabian_tahr" title="Arabian tahr">Arabian tahr (<i>A. jayakari</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Takin" title="Takin">Budorcas</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Takin" title="Takin">Takin (<i>B. taxicolor</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Capra_(genus)" title="Capra (genus)">Capra</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wild_goat" title="Wild goat">Wild goat (<i>C. aegagrus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Caucasian_tur" title="West Caucasian tur">West Caucasian tur (<i>C. caucasia</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Caucasian_tur" title="East Caucasian tur">East Caucasian tur (<i>C. cylindricornis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Markhor" title="Markhor">Markhor (<i>C. falconeri</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goat" title="Goat">Domestic goat (<i>C. hircus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpine_ibex" title="Alpine ibex">Alpine ibex (<i>C. ibex</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nubian_ibex" title="Nubian ibex">Nubian ibex (<i>C. nubiana</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iberian_ibex" title="Iberian ibex">Iberian ibex (<i>C. pyrenaica</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siberian_ibex" title="Siberian ibex">Siberian ibex (<i>C. sibirica</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walia_ibex" title="Walia ibex">Walia ibex (<i>C. walie</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Serow" title="Serow">Capricornis</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_serow" title="Japanese serow">Japanese serow (<i>C. crispus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_serow" title="Red serow">Red serow (<i>C. rubidus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainland_serow" title="Mainland serow">Mainland serow (<i>C. sumatraensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_serow" title="Taiwan serow">Taiwan serow (<i>C. swinhoei</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Tahr" title="Tahr">Hemitragus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Himalayan_tahr" title="Himalayan tahr">Himalayan tahr (<i>H. jemlahicus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Goral" title="Goral">Naemorhedus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Red_goral" title="Red goral">Red goral (<i>N. baileyi</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long-tailed_goral" title="Long-tailed goral">Long-tailed goral (<i>N. caudatus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himalayan_goral" title="Himalayan goral">Himalayan goral (<i>N. goral</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_goral" title="Chinese goral">Chinese goral (<i>N. griseus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Mountain_goat" title="Mountain goat">Oreamnos</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_goat" title="Mountain goat">Mountain goat (<i>O. americanus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Muskox" title="Muskox">Ovibos</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muskox" title="Muskox">Muskox (<i>O. moschatus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Nilgiri_tahr" title="Nilgiri tahr">Nilgiritragus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nilgiri_tahr" title="Nilgiri tahr">Nilgiri tahr (<i>N. hylocrius</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Ovis" title="Ovis">Ovis</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argali" title="Argali">Argali (<i>O. ammon</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheep" title="Sheep">Domestic sheep (<i>O. aries</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bighorn_sheep" title="Bighorn sheep">Bighorn sheep (<i>O. canadensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dall_sheep" title="Dall sheep">Dall sheep (<i>O. dalli</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mouflon" title="Mouflon">Mouflon (<i>O. gmelini</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snow_sheep" title="Snow sheep">Snow sheep (<i>O. nivicola</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urial" title="Urial">Urial (<i>O. vignei</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Pseudois" class="mw-redirect" title="Pseudois">Pseudois</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bharal" title="Bharal">Bharal (<i>P. nayaur</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Rupicapra" title="Rupicapra">Rupicapra</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pyrenean_chamois" title="Pyrenean chamois">Pyrenean chamois (<i>R. pyrenaica</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamois" title="Chamois">Chamois (<i>R. rupicapra</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Family_Bovidae_(subfamily_Bovinae)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="nobold">Family <a href="/wiki/Bovidae" title="Bovidae">Bovidae</a> (subfamily <a href="/wiki/Bovinae" title="Bovinae">Bovinae</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Boselaphini" title="Boselaphini">Boselaphini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Four-horned_antelope" title="Four-horned antelope">Tetracerus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Four-horned_antelope" title="Four-horned antelope">Four-horned antelope (<i>T. quadricornis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Nilgai" title="Nilgai">Boselaphus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nilgai" title="Nilgai">Nilgai (<i>B. tragocamelus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bovini" title="Bovini">Bovini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Bubalus" title="Bubalus">Bubalus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wild_water_buffalo" title="Wild water buffalo">Wild water buffalo (<i>B. arnee</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_buffalo" title="Water buffalo">Domestic water buffalo (<i>B. bubalis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowland_anoa" title="Lowland anoa">Lowland anoa (<i>B. depressicornis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamaraw" title="Tamaraw">Tamaraw (<i>B. mindorensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_anoa" title="Mountain anoa">Mountain anoa (<i>B. quarlesi</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Bos" title="Bos">Bos</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_bison" title="American bison">American bison (<i>B. bison</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_bison" title="European bison">European bison (<i>B. bonasus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bali_cattle" title="Bali cattle">Bali cattle (<i>B. domesticus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gayal" title="Gayal">Gayal (<i>B. frontalis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaur" title="Gaur">Gaur (<i>B. gaurus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yak" title="Yak">Domestic yak (<i>B. grunniens</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zebu" title="Zebu">Zebu (<i>B. indicus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banteng" title="Banteng">Banteng (<i>B. javanicus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_yak" title="Wild yak">Wild yak (<i>B. mutus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cattle" title="Cattle">Cattle (<i>B. taurus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Saola" title="Saola">Pseudoryx</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saola" title="Saola">Saola (<i>P. nghetinhensis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/African_buffalo" title="African buffalo">Syncerus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_buffalo" title="African buffalo">African buffalo (<i>S. caffer</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tragelaphini" title="Tragelaphini">Tragelaphini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Tragelaphus" title="Tragelaphus">Tragelaphus</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span class="nobold">(including <a href="/wiki/Kudu" title="Kudu">kudus</a>)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nyala" title="Nyala">Nyala (<i>T. angasii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_nyala" title="Mountain nyala">Mountain nyala (<i>T. buxtoni</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bongo_(antelope)" title="Bongo (antelope)">Bongo (<i>T. eurycerus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesser_kudu" title="Lesser kudu">Lesser kudu (<i>T. imberbis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harnessed_bushbuck" title="Harnessed bushbuck">Harnessed bushbuck (<i>T. scriptus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitatunga" title="Sitatunga">Sitatunga (<i>T. spekeii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_kudu" title="Greater kudu">Greater kudu (<i>T. strepsiceros</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_bushbuck" title="Cape bushbuck">Cape bushbuck (<i>T. sylvaticus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="/wiki/Taurotragus" title="Taurotragus">Taurotragus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giant_eland" title="Giant eland">Giant eland (<i>T. derbianus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_eland" title="Common eland">Common eland (<i>T. oryx</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Family_Bovidae_(subfamily_Antilopinae)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="nobold">Family <a href="/wiki/Bovidae" title="Bovidae">Bovidae</a> (subfamily <a href="/wiki/Antilopinae" title="Antilopinae">Antilopinae</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Antilopini" title="Antilopini">Antilopini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="/wiki/Dibatag" title="Dibatag">Ammodorcas</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dibatag" title="Dibatag">Dibatag (<i>A. clarkei</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="/wiki/Springbok" title="Springbok">Antidorcas</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Springbok" title="Springbok">Springbok (<i>A. marsupialis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="/wiki/Blackbuck" title="Blackbuck">Antilope</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blackbuck" title="Blackbuck">Blackbuck (<i>A. cervicapra</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="/wiki/Eudorcas" title="Eudorcas">Eudorcas</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mongalla_gazelle" title="Mongalla gazelle">Mongalla gazelle (<i>E. albonotata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red-fronted_gazelle" title="Red-fronted gazelle">Red-fronted gazelle (<i>E. rufifrons</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomson%27s_gazelle" title="Thomson's gazelle">Thomson's gazelle (<i>E. thomsonii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heuglin%27s_gazelle" title="Heuglin's gazelle">Heuglin's gazelle (<i>E. tilonura</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="/wiki/Gazelle" title="Gazelle">Gazella</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinkara" title="Chinkara">Chinkara (<i>G. bennettii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuvier%27s_gazelle" title="Cuvier's gazelle">Cuvier's gazelle (<i>G. cuvieri</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorcas_gazelle" title="Dorcas gazelle">Dorcas gazelle (<i>G. dorcas</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erlanger%27s_gazelle" title="Erlanger's gazelle">Erlanger's gazelle (<i>G. erlangeri</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_gazelle" title="Mountain gazelle">Mountain gazelle (<i>G. gazella</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhim_gazelle" title="Rhim gazelle">Rhim gazelle (<i>G. leptoceros</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speke%27s_gazelle" title="Speke's gazelle">Speke's gazelle (<i>G. spekei</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goitered_gazelle" title="Goitered gazelle">Goitered gazelle (<i>G. subgutturosa</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="/wiki/Gerenuk" title="Gerenuk">Litocranius</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gerenuk" title="Gerenuk">Gerenuk (<i>L. walleri</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="/wiki/Nanger" title="Nanger">Nanger</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dama_gazelle" title="Dama gazelle">Dama gazelle (<i>N. dama</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grant%27s_gazelle" title="Grant's gazelle">Grant's gazelle (<i>N. granti</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bright%27s_gazelle" class="mw-redirect" title="Bright's gazelle">Bright's gazelle (<i>N. notatus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter%27s_gazelle" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter's gazelle">Peter's gazelle (<i>N. petersii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soemmerring%27s_gazelle" title="Soemmerring's gazelle">Soemmerring's gazelle (<i>N. soemmerringii</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="/wiki/Procapra" title="Procapra">Procapra</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_gazelle" title="Mongolian gazelle">Mongolian gazelle (<i>P. gutturosa</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goa_(antelope)" title="Goa (antelope)">Goa (<i>P. picticaudata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Przewalski%27s_gazelle" title="Przewalski's gazelle">Przewalski's gazelle (<i>P. przewalskii</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Saigini</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Saiga" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="/wiki/Saiga_antelope" title="Saiga antelope">Saiga</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saiga_antelope" title="Saiga antelope">Saiga antelope (<i>S. tatarica</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Neotragini" title="Neotragini">Neotragini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="/wiki/Beira_(antelope)" title="Beira (antelope)">Dorcatragus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beira_(antelope)" title="Beira (antelope)">Beira (<i>D. megalotis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="/wiki/Dik-dik" title="Dik-dik">Madoqua</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnther%27s_dik-dik" title="Günther's dik-dik">Günther's dik-dik (<i>M. guentheri</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirk%27s_dik-dik" title="Kirk's dik-dik">Kirk's dik-dik (<i>M. kirkii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_dik-dik" title="Silver dik-dik">Silver dik-dik (<i>M. piacentinii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt%27s_dik-dik" title="Salt's dik-dik">Salt's dik-dik (<i>M. saltiana</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="/wiki/Neotragus" title="Neotragus">Neotragus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_antelope" title="Royal antelope">Royal antelope (<i>N. pygmaeus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="/wiki/Nesotragus" title="Nesotragus">Nesotragus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bates%27s_pygmy_antelope" title="Bates's pygmy antelope">Bates' pygmy antelope (<i>N. batesi</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suni" title="Suni">Suni (<i>N. moschatus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="/wiki/Klipspringer" title="Klipspringer">Oreotragus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Klipspringer" title="Klipspringer">Klipspringer (<i>O. oreotragus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="/wiki/Oribi" title="Oribi">Ourebia</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oribi" title="Oribi">Oribi (<i>O. ourebi</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="/wiki/Raphicerus" title="Raphicerus">Raphicerus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Steenbok" title="Steenbok">Steenbok (<i>R. campestris</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_grysbok" title="Cape grysbok">Cape grysbok (<i>R. melanotis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharpe%27s_grysbok" title="Sharpe's grysbok">Sharpe's grysbok (<i>R. sharpei</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Duiker" title="Duiker">Cephalophini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="/wiki/Duiker" title="Duiker">Cephalophus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aders%27s_duiker" title="Aders's duiker">Aders's duiker (<i>C. adersi</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooke%27s_duiker" title="Brooke's duiker">Brooke's duiker (<i>C. brookei</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peters%27s_duiker" title="Peters's duiker">Peters' duiker (<i>C. callipygus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White-legged_duiker" title="White-legged duiker">White-legged duiker (<i>C. crusalbum</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_duiker" title="Bay duiker">Bay duiker (<i>C. dorsalis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey%27s_duiker" title="Harvey's duiker">Harvey's duiker (<i>C. harveyi</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jentink%27s_duiker" title="Jentink's duiker">Jentink's duiker (<i>C. jentinki</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White-bellied_duiker" title="White-bellied duiker">White-bellied duiker (<i>C. leucogaster</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_forest_duiker" title="Red forest duiker">Red forest duiker (<i>C. natalensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_duiker" title="Black duiker">Black duiker (<i>C. niger</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black-fronted_duiker" title="Black-fronted duiker">Black-fronted duiker (<i>C. nigrifrons</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogilby%27s_duiker" title="Ogilby's duiker">Ogilby's duiker (<i>C. ogilbyi</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruwenzori_duiker" title="Ruwenzori duiker">Ruwenzori duiker (<i>C. rubidis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red-flanked_duiker" title="Red-flanked duiker">Red-flanked duiker (<i>C. rufilatus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow-backed_duiker" title="Yellow-backed duiker">Yellow-backed duiker (<i>C. silvicultor</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbott%27s_duiker" title="Abbott's duiker">Abbott's duiker (<i>C. spadix</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weyns%27s_duiker" title="Weyns's duiker">Weyns's duiker (<i>C. weynsi</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zebra_duiker" title="Zebra duiker">Zebra duiker (<i>C. zebra</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="/wiki/Duiker" title="Duiker">Philantomba</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_duiker" title="Blue duiker">Blue duiker (<i>P. monticola</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxwell%27s_duiker" title="Maxwell's duiker">Maxwell's duiker (<i>P. maxwellii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter%27s_duiker" title="Walter's duiker">Walter's duiker (<i>P. walteri</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="/wiki/Common_duiker" title="Common duiker">Sylvicapra</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Common_duiker" title="Common duiker">Common duiker (<i>S. grimmia</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Suborder_Suina" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Suborder <a href="/wiki/Suina" title="Suina">Suina</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Suidae" title="Suidae">Suidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Babirusa" title="Babirusa">Babyrousa</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buru_babirusa" title="Buru babirusa">Buru babirusa (<i>B. babyrussa</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Sulawesi_babirusa" title="North Sulawesi babirusa">North Sulawesi babirusa (<i>B. celebensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togian_babirusa" title="Togian babirusa">Togian babirusa (<i>B. togeanensis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Giant_forest_hog" title="Giant forest hog">Hylochoerus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giant_forest_hog" title="Giant forest hog">Giant forest hog (<i>H. meinertzhageni</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Phacochoerus" class="mw-redirect" title="Phacochoerus">Phacochoerus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Desert_warthog" title="Desert warthog">Desert warthog (<i>P. aethiopicus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_warthog" title="Common warthog">Common warthog (<i>P. africanus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Pygmy_hog" title="Pygmy hog">Porcula</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pygmy_hog" title="Pygmy hog">Pygmy hog (<i>P. salvania</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Potamochoerus" title="Potamochoerus">Potamochoerus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bushpig" title="Bushpig">Bushpig (<i>P. larvatus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_river_hog" title="Red river hog">Red river hog (<i>P. porcus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Sus_(genus)" title="Sus (genus)">Sus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palawan_bearded_pig" title="Palawan bearded pig">Palawan bearded pig (<i>S. ahoenobarbus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bornean_bearded_pig" title="Bornean bearded pig">Bornean bearded pig (<i>S. barbatus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visayan_warty_pig" title="Visayan warty pig">Visayan warty pig (<i>S. cebifrons</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celebes_warty_pig" title="Celebes warty pig">Celebes warty pig (<i>S. celebensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pig" title="Pig">Domestic pig (<i>S. domesticus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flores_warty_pig" title="Flores warty pig">Flores warty pig (<i>S. heureni</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver%27s_warty_pig" title="Oliver's warty pig">Oliver's warty pig (<i>S. oliveri</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_warty_pig" title="Philippine warty pig">Philippine warty pig (<i>S. philippensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_boar" title="Wild boar">Wild boar (<i>S. scrofa</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timor_warty_pig" title="Timor warty pig">Timor warty pig (<i>S. timoriensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javan_warty_pig" title="Javan warty pig">Javan warty pig (<i>S. verrucosus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Peccary" title="Peccary">Tayassuidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/White-lipped_peccary" title="White-lipped peccary">Tayassu</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White-lipped_peccary" title="White-lipped peccary">White-lipped peccary (<i>T. pecari</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Chacoan_peccary" title="Chacoan peccary">Catagonus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chacoan_peccary" title="Chacoan peccary">Chacoan peccary (<i>C. wagneri</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Collared_peccary" title="Collared peccary">Dicotyles</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collared_peccary" title="Collared peccary">Collared peccary (<i>D. tajacu</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Suborder_Tylopoda" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Suborder <a href="/wiki/Tylopoda" title="Tylopoda">Tylopoda</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Camelidae" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em"><a href="/wiki/Camelidae" title="Camelidae">Camelidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Lama_(genus)" title="Lama (genus)">Lama</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Llama" title="Llama">Llama (<i>L. glama</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanaco" title="Guanaco">Guanaco (<i>L. guanicoe</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpaca" title="Alpaca">Alpaca (<i>L. pacos</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicu%C3%B1a" title="Vicuña">Vicuña (<i>L. vicugna</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Camel" title="Camel">Camelus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bactrian_camel" title="Bactrian camel">Domestic Bactrian camel (<i>C. bactrianus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dromedary" title="Dromedary">Dromedary/Arabian camel (<i>C. dromedarius</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_Bactrian_camel" title="Wild Bactrian camel">Wild Bactrian camel (<i>C. ferus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Suborder_Whippomorpha" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Suborder <a href="/wiki/Whippomorpha" title="Whippomorpha">Whippomorpha</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><a href="/wiki/Hippopotamidae" title="Hippopotamidae">Hippopotamidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Hippopotamus_(genus)" title="Hippopotamus (genus)">Hippopotamus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hippopotamus (<i>H. amphibius</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="/wiki/Pygmy_hippopotamus" title="Pygmy hippopotamus">Choeropsis</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pygmy_hippopotamus" title="Pygmy hippopotamus">Pygmy hippopotamus (<i>C. liberiensis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><a href="/wiki/Cetacea" title="Cetacea">Cetacea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>see <a href="/wiki/Template:Cetacea" title="Template:Cetacea">Cetacea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Hippopotamus amphibius</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34505" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q34505">Q34505</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Hippopotamus_amphibius" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Hippopotamus amphibius">Hippopotamus amphibius</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Animal_Diversity_Web" title="Animal Diversity Web">ADW</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Hippopotamus_amphibius/">Hippopotamus_amphibius</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Barcode_of_Life_Data_System" title="Barcode of Life Data System">BOLD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/TaxBrowser_TaxonPage?taxid=26234">26234</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/3M2JB">3M2JB</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/311532">311532</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/EPPO_Code" title="EPPO Code">EPPO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HPPPAM">HPPPAM</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/2441247">2441247</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/42149">42149</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=10228662">10228662</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=625024">625024</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apiv3.iucnredlist.org/api/v3/taxonredirect/10103">10103</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Mammalogists#Mammal_Diversity_Database" title="American Society of Mammalogists">MDD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1006390">1006390</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Mammal_Species_of_the_World" title="Mammal Species of the World">MSW</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?s=y&id=14200106">14200106</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=9833">9833</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Observation.org" title="Observation.org">Observation.org</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://observation.org/species/79391/">79391</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=510762">510762</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Paleobiology_Database" title="Paleobiology Database">Paleobiology Database</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=77338">77338</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/CITES" title="CITES">Species+</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://speciesplus.net/#/taxon_concepts/9229">9229</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tierstimmenarchiv" class="extiw" title="de:Tierstimmenarchiv">TSA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tierstimmen.org/en/database?field_spec_species_target_id_selective=8206">8206</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/ZooBank" title="ZooBank">ZooBank</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zoobank.org/NomenclaturalActs/92482285-5A1F-4BB2-A283-2D7FF4D43B77">92482285-5A1F-4BB2-A283-2D7FF4D43B77</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div 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