CINXE.COM

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</ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-243" >Goats</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Goats</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-243"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/production-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-246" >Production and Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/product-quality" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-249" >Product Quality</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/nutrition-and-feeding" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-252" >Nutrition and Feeding</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/health-and-care" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-255" >Health and Care</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/reproduction-and-genetics" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-258" >Reproduction and Genetics</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/manure-and-nutrient-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-261" >Manure and Nutrient Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/facilities-and-technology" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-264" >Facilities and Technology</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-267" >Personal Safety </a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-270" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-291" >Sheep</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Sheep</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-291"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/production-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-294" >Production and Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/product-quality" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-297" >Product Quality</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/nutrition-and-feeding" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-300" >Nutrition and Feeding</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/health-and-care" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-303" >Health and Care</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/reproduction-and-genetics" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-306" >Reproduction and Genetics</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/manure-and-nutrient-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-309" >Manure and Nutrient Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/facilities-and-technology" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-312" >Facilities and Technology</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-315" >Personal Safety</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-318" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/llamas-and-alpacas" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-339" >Llamas and Alpacas</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Llamas and Alpacas</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-339"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/llamas-and-alpacas" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/llamas-and-alpacas/nutrition-and-feeding" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-348" >Nutrition and Feeding</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/llamas-and-alpacas/health-and-care" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-351" >Health and Care</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/llamas-and-alpacas/manure-and-nutrient-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-357" >Manure and Nutrient Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/llamas-and-alpacas/facilities-and-technology" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-360" >Facilities and Technology</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/llamas-and-alpacas/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-366" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/canine" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-2608" >Canine</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Canine</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-2608"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/canine" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/canine/nutrition-and-feeding" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2611" >Nutrition and Feeding</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/canine/behavior-and-welfare" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2614" >Behavior and Welfare</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/canine/health-and-care" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2617" >Health and Care</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/canine/reproduction-and-genetics" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2620" >Reproduction and Genetics</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__item  main-menu__item--parent level0"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops" class="main-menu__link menu-link-level-0" data-menu="menu-387" >Forage and Food Crops </a> </div><div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div class="back" data-role="back"><span>Forage and Food Crops </span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div> <div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level1" data-menu="menu-387"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level1 1"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-0" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-390" >Agronomic Crops</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Agronomic Crops</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-390"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/production-and-harvesting" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-393" >Production and Harvesting</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/species-and-varieties" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-396" >Species and Varieties</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/soil-fertility-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-399" >Soil Fertility and Management </a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/pests-and-diseases" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-402" >Pests and Diseases</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/weed-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-405" >Weed Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/organic-production" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-408" >Organic Production</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/sustainable-agriculture" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-411" >Sustainable Agriculture</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-414" >Personal Safety</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-417" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-438" >Cover Crops</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Cover Crops</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-438"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/production-and-harvesting" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-441" >Production and Harvesting</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/species-and-varieties" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-444" >Species and Varieties</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/soil-fertility-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-447" >Soil Fertility and Management </a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/pests-and-diseases" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-450" >Pests and Diseases</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/weed-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-453" >Weed Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/organic-production" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-456" >Organic Production</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/sustainable-agriculture" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-459" >Sustainable Agriculture</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-462" >Personal Safety</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-465" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-483" >Forages</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Forages</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-483"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/production-and-harvesting" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-486" >Production and Harvesting</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/species-and-varieties" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-489" >Species and Varieties</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/soil-fertility-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-492" >Soil Fertility and Management </a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/forage-quality-and-testing" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-495" >Forage Quality and Testing</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/pests-and-diseases" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-498" >Pests and Diseases</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/weed-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-501" >Weed Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/organic-production" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-504" >Organic Production</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/sustainable-agriculture" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-507" >Sustainable Agriculture</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-510" >Personal Safety</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-513" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-537" >Fruit</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Fruit</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-537"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit/production-and-harvesting" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-540" >Production and Harvesting</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit/cultivars-and-rootstocks" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-543" >Cultivars and Rootstocks</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit/soil-fertility-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-546" >Soil Fertility and Management </a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit/pests-and-diseases" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-549" >Pests and Diseases</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit/weed-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-552" >Weed Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit/organic-production" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-555" >Organic Production</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit/sustainable-agriculture" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-558" >Sustainable Agriculture</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-561" >Personal Safety</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-564" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/mushrooms" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-636" >Mushrooms</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Mushrooms</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-636"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/mushrooms" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/mushrooms/production-and-harvesting" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-639" >Production and Harvesting</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/mushrooms/substrate-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-645" >Substrate Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/mushrooms/pests-and-diseases" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-648" >Pests and Diseases</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/mushrooms/food-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-651" >Food Safety</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/mushrooms/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-657" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-585" >Vegetables</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Vegetables</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-585"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables/production-and-harvesting" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-588" >Production and Harvesting</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables/species-and-varieties" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-591" >Species and Varieties</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables/soil-fertility-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-594" >Soil Fertility and Management </a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div 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href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables/sustainable-agriculture" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-606" >Sustainable Agriculture</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-609" >Personal Safety</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-612" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__item  main-menu__item--parent level0"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping" class="main-menu__link menu-link-level-0" data-menu="menu-675" >Trees, Lawns, and Landscaping</a> </div><div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div class="back" data-role="back"><span>Trees, Lawns, and Landscaping</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div> <div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level1" data-menu="menu-675"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level1 1"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-0" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/aquatic-plants-and-algae" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-2431" >Aquatic Plants and Algae</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Aquatic Plants and Algae</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-2431"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/aquatic-plants-and-algae" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/aquatic-plants-and-algae/species-and-varieties" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-828" >Species and Varieties</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/aquatic-plants-and-algae/pests-and-diseases" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-831" >Pests and Diseases</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/aquatic-plants-and-algae/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-837" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/christmas-trees" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-2434" >Christmas Trees</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Christmas Trees</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-2434"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/christmas-trees" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/christmas-trees/production-and-harvesting" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-909" >Production and Harvesting</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/christmas-trees/pests-and-diseases" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-915" >Pests and Diseases</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/christmas-trees/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-927" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/home-gardening" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-2425" >Home Gardening</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Home Gardening</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-2425"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/home-gardening" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/home-gardening/planting-and-growing" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-861" >Planting and Growing</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/home-gardening/species-and-varieties" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-864" >Species and Varieties</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/home-gardening/soil-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-867" >Soil Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/home-gardening/pests-and-diseases" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-870" >Pests and Diseases</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/home-gardening/weed-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-873" >Weed Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/home-gardening/eco-friendly-gardening" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-876" >Eco-Friendly Gardening</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/home-gardening/pollination-and-bees" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-879" >Pollination and Bees</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a 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data-appearance="full-width" data-enable-parallax="0" data-parallax-speed="0.5" data-background-images="{}" data-background-type="image" data-video-loop="true" data-video-play-only-visible="true" data-video-lazy-load="true" data-video-fallback-src="" data-element="main" data-pb-style="OGSRT0Q"><div class="row-full-width-inner" data-element="inner"><div data-content-type="products" data-grid-title="Latest News" data-grid-link="/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/ornamentals-and-floriculture/see-all-ornamentals-and-floriculture?education_format=News" data-grid-link-text="See All News" data-appearance="linked-product-grid-small" data-element="main"> <div class="block widget block-products-list grid"> <div class="title-with-link"><h2>Latest News</h2><a href="/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/ornamentals-and-floriculture/see-all-ornamentals-and-floriculture?education_format=News" title="See All News">See All News</a></div> <div class="block-content"> <div class="small-products-grid grid"><ol class="product-items widget-product-grid"> <li class="product-item"> <div class="product-item-info"><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/introducing-kelly-piccioni-schuylkill-countys-newest-educator" class="product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-69112-67b6499d2fa42"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/1/a/1ab6516c577984b62f3eff4501441644.png?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=176&width=252&canvas=252:176&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/1/a/1ab6516c577984b62f3eff4501441644.png?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=176&width=252&canvas=252:176&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/1/a/1ab6516c577984b62f3eff4501441644.png?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=176&width=252&canvas=252:176" loading="lazy" width="252" height="176" alt="Image: K. Piccioni, submitted photo"></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-6911267b6499d2fa42 { width: 252px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 252 / 176; } .product-image-container-6911267b6499d2fa42 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-6911267b6499d2fa42 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 69.84126984127%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="606"></span> <span>News</span></div></div> <h5 class="product-item-name"><a title="Introducing Kelly Piccioni, Schuylkill County's Newest Educator" href="https://extension.psu.edu/introducing-kelly-piccioni-schuylkill-countys-newest-educator" class="product-item-link">Introducing Kelly Piccioni, Schuylkill County's Newest Educator</a></h5></div></div> </li><li class="product-item"> <div class="product-item-info"><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/2024-cut-flower-updates" class="product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-62073-67b6499d305e0"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/7/d/7d40860479e619984f5b486716684c65.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=176&width=252&canvas=252:176&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/7/d/7d40860479e619984f5b486716684c65.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=176&width=252&canvas=252:176&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/7/d/7d40860479e619984f5b486716684c65.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=176&width=252&canvas=252:176" loading="lazy" width="252" height="176" alt="Flower farm in late summer (Photo: Margaret Pickoff, Penn State Extension)"></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-6207367b6499d305e0 { width: 252px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 252 / 176; } .product-image-container-6207367b6499d305e0 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-6207367b6499d305e0 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 69.84126984127%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="606"></span> <span>News</span></div></div> <h5 class="product-item-name"><a title="2024 Cut Flower Updates" href="https://extension.psu.edu/2024-cut-flower-updates" class="product-item-link">2024 Cut Flower Updates</a></h5></div></div> </li><li class="product-item"> <div class="product-item-info"><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/master-watershed-steward-native-tree-and-shrub-sale" class="product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-29872-67b6499d30f42"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/3/6/368336039a988937a5f3e185f3b49d47.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=176&width=252&canvas=252:176&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/3/6/368336039a988937a5f3e185f3b49d47.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=176&width=252&canvas=252:176&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/3/6/368336039a988937a5f3e185f3b49d47.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=176&width=252&canvas=252:176" loading="lazy" width="252" height="176" alt="A closeup of a snowberry shrub, a species offered in the 2024 sale. Image credit: Beth Yount, Penn State"></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-2987267b6499d30f42 { width: 252px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 252 / 176; } .product-image-container-2987267b6499d30f42 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-2987267b6499d30f42 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 69.84126984127%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="606"></span> <span>News</span></div></div> <h5 class="product-item-name"><a title="Master Watershed Steward Native Tree and Shrub Sale" href="https://extension.psu.edu/master-watershed-steward-native-tree-and-shrub-sale" class="product-item-link">Master Watershed Steward Native Tree and Shrub Sale</a></h5></div></div> </li><li class="product-item"> <div class="product-item-info"><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/root-rot-in-woody-ornamentals" class="product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-27459-67b6499d3179e"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/6/1/61982222415bffc159e341ee658a78da.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=176&width=252&canvas=252:176&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/6/1/61982222415bffc159e341ee658a78da.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=176&width=252&canvas=252:176&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/6/1/61982222415bffc159e341ee658a78da.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=176&width=252&canvas=252:176" loading="lazy" width="252" height="176" alt="Rapid death of cucumber magnolia (Magnolia acuminata) in an established landscape due to root rot. Photo: Alyssa Collins, Penn State"></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-2745967b6499d3179e { width: 252px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 252 / 176; } .product-image-container-2745967b6499d3179e span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-2745967b6499d3179e span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 69.84126984127%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="606"></span> <span>News</span></div></div> <h5 class="product-item-name"><a title="Root Rot in Woody Ornamentals" href="https://extension.psu.edu/root-rot-in-woody-ornamentals" class="product-item-link">Root Rot in Woody Ornamentals</a></h5></div></div> </li><li class="product-item"> <div class="product-item-info"><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/when-to-prune-which-hydrangea-species" class="product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-27452-67b6499d320e3"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/3/a/3a36ce8230045f6e61fea330c5b04cfd.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=176&width=252&canvas=252:176&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/3/a/3a36ce8230045f6e61fea330c5b04cfd.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=176&width=252&canvas=252:176&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/3/a/3a36ce8230045f6e61fea330c5b04cfd.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=176&width=252&canvas=252:176" loading="lazy" width="252" height="176" alt="Hydrangea macrophylla. Photo: Mike Masiuk, Penn State"></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-2745267b6499d320e3 { width: 252px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 252 / 176; } .product-image-container-2745267b6499d320e3 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-2745267b6499d320e3 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 69.84126984127%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="606"></span> <span>News</span></div></div> <h5 class="product-item-name"><a title="When to Prune Which Hydrangea Species" href="https://extension.psu.edu/when-to-prune-which-hydrangea-species" class="product-item-link">When to Prune Which Hydrangea Species</a></h5></div></div> </li><li class="product-item"> <div class="product-item-info"><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/root-rots-in-ornamental-plant-species" class="product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-25293-67b6499d32a65"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/0/e/0ee3e24f1e4ec1d46c28e8283491a95b.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=176&width=252&canvas=252:176&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/0/e/0ee3e24f1e4ec1d46c28e8283491a95b.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=176&width=252&canvas=252:176&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/0/e/0ee3e24f1e4ec1d46c28e8283491a95b.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=176&width=252&canvas=252:176" loading="lazy" width="252" height="176" alt="Rapid death of cucumber magnolia (Magnolia acuminata) in an established landscape due to root rot. Photo: Alyssa Collins, Penn State"></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-2529367b6499d32a65 { width: 252px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 252 / 176; } .product-image-container-2529367b6499d32a65 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-2529367b6499d32a65 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 69.84126984127%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product-item-details"> <div class="product-type-wrapper"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="606"></span> <span>News</span></div></div> <h5 class="product-item-name"><a title="Root Rots in Ornamental Plant Species" href="https://extension.psu.edu/root-rots-in-ornamental-plant-species" class="product-item-link">Root Rots in Ornamental Plant Species</a></h5></div></div></li> </ol></div></div></div></div></div></div><div data-content-type="row" data-appearance="contained" data-element="main"><div data-enable-parallax="0" data-parallax-speed="0.5" data-background-images="{}" data-background-type="image" data-video-loop="true" data-video-play-only-visible="true" data-video-lazy-load="true" data-video-fallback-src="" data-element="inner" data-pb-style="NBVKORT"><div data-content-type="block" data-appearance="default" data-element="main"> <div class="widget block block-static-block"><style>#html-body [data-pb-style=GF5BSFF],#html-body [data-pb-style=MP5KBA8]{background-position:left top;background-size:cover;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-attachment:scroll}#html-body [data-pb-style=GF5BSFF]{justify-content:flex-start;display:flex;flex-direction:column;margin:0;padding:0}#html-body [data-pb-style=MP5KBA8]{align-self:stretch}#html-body [data-pb-style=WOIK6DY]{display:flex;width:100%}#html-body [data-pb-style=FRVRSAN]{justify-content:flex-start;display:flex;flex-direction:column;background-position:left top;background-size:cover;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-attachment:scroll;width:58.3333%;margin:0;padding:20px 20px 0;align-self:stretch}#html-body [data-pb-style=FHS3LNC]{margin-bottom:20px}#html-body [data-pb-style=KQL27SP]{padding-bottom:20px}#html-body [data-pb-style=AEY50WA]{border-style:none}#html-body [data-pb-style=CS8BGTC],#html-body [data-pb-style=E7KDJR9]{max-width:100%;height:auto}#html-body [data-pb-style=R5UOXYR]{justify-content:flex-start;display:flex;flex-direction:column;background-position:left top;background-size:cover;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-attachment:scroll;width:41.6667%;margin:0;padding:0;align-self:stretch}@media only screen and (max-width: 768px) { #html-body [data-pb-style=AEY50WA]{border-style:none} }</style><div data-content-type="block" data-appearance="default" data-element="main"> <div class="widget block block-static-block"><div data-content-type="html" data-appearance="default" data-element="main" data-decoded="true"><style> .optin { border-top: #e98300 4px solid !important; background-color: #f6f8fc !important; margin: 20px 0px 20px 0px !imporant; } .l2Form { width: 90% !important; margin: 20px 20px 20px 20px; display: block; } #l2button { margin: 20px 20px -20px 20px !important; display: block; background-color: #329BE1 !important; padding: 8px 16px; color: #FFFFFF; border: none; } .signup .optin { clear: both; } .signup .optin h2 { display: none; } .optin img { display: none; } .signup .optin img { width: 100%; max-width: 500px !important; margin: 20px 0; display: block; } .optin .video-outer-wrapper { display: none; } .signup .optin .video-outer-wrapper { max-width: 100%; margin: 2em 0; display: block; } .signup .optin .video-inner-wrapper { position:relative; padding-bottom:56.25%; } .signup .optin .video-inner-wrapper iframe { position:absolute; top:0; left:0; width:100%; height:100%; border: none; } </style></div></div></div><div data-content-type="row" data-appearance="contained" data-element="main"><div class="optin" data-enable-parallax="0" data-parallax-speed="0.5" data-background-images="{}" data-background-type="image" data-video-loop="true" data-video-play-only-visible="true" data-video-lazy-load="true" data-video-fallback-src="" data-element="inner" data-pb-style="GF5BSFF"><div class="pagebuilder-column-group" data-background-images="{}" data-content-type="column-group" data-appearance="default" data-grid-size="12" data-element="main" data-pb-style="MP5KBA8"><div class="pagebuilder-column-line" data-content-type="column-line" data-element="main" data-pb-style="WOIK6DY"><div class="pagebuilder-column" data-content-type="column" data-appearance="full-height" data-background-images="{}" data-element="main" data-pb-style="FRVRSAN"><h2 data-content-type="heading" data-appearance="default" data-element="main">Stay Connected with the Green Industry Team!</h2><div data-content-type="text" data-appearance="default" data-element="main" data-pb-style="FHS3LNC"><p><span style="font-size: 18px;">Sign-up to receive news, upcoming event information, and the monthly e-newsletter.</span></p></div><div data-content-type="text" data-appearance="default" data-element="main" data-pb-style="KQL27SP"><p> Get the latest news and information on classes, workshops, publications, videos, and online and in-person events. Topics include landscape services/grounds management; turfgrass management; greenhouse, ornamental, and floriculture production; nursery and Christmas tree production; cut flowers, business planning; spotted lanternfly; workforce development; and more. </p></div><div data-content-type="text" data-appearance="default" data-element="main"><p>By entering your email, you consent to receive communications from Penn State Extension. <a href="https://www.psu.edu/web-privacy-statement/">View our privacy policy</a>.</p></div><figure data-content-type="image" data-appearance="full-width" data-element="main" data-pb-style="AEY50WA"><img class="pagebuilder-mobile-hidden" loading="lazy" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/wysiwyg/media-assets/sign-up/greeni.jpg" alt="Flowers in a garden" title="" width="" height="" stoplazyloading="0" data-element="desktop_image" data-pb-style="E7KDJR9"><img class="pagebuilder-mobile-only" loading="lazy" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/wysiwyg/media-assets/sign-up/greeni.jpg" alt="Flowers in a garden" title="" width="" height="" data-element="mobile_image" data-pb-style="CS8BGTC"></figure></div><div class="pagebuilder-column" data-content-type="column" data-appearance="full-height" data-background-images="{}" data-element="main" data-pb-style="R5UOXYR"><div data-content-type="html" data-appearance="default" data-element="main" data-decoded="true"><form action="https://cl.exct.net/DEManager.aspx" name="subscribeForm1" method="post" style="text-align:left;display:inline;" onsubmit="myButton.disabled = true; return true;"> <input type="hidden" name="_clientID" value="7234940"> <input type="hidden" name="_deExternalKey" value="5pxtuxeklvh6gehitnx0lv5311v2"> <input type="hidden" name="_action" value="add"> <input type="hidden" name="_returnXML" value="0"> <input type="hidden" name="_successURL" value=""> <input type="hidden" name="_errorURL" value=""> <input name="urlSource" id="urlSource" value="" type="hidden"> <input name="TimeStamp" id="TimeStamp" value="" type="hidden"> <input name="TimeStampNew" id="TimeStampNew" value="" type="hidden"> <input type="hidden" name="CommercialTurfgrass" value="True" checked> <input type="hidden" name="CommercialTreesandShrubs" value="True" checked> <input type="hidden" name="CommercialOrnamentalsandFloriculture" value="True" checked> <input type="hidden" name="CommercialCutFlower" value="True" checked> <input type="hidden" name="CommercialGreenhouseandNursery" value="True" checked> <input class="l2Form" id="FirstName" type="text" name="FirstName" placeholder="First Name" required> <input class="l2Form" id="LastName" type="text" name="LastName" placeholder="Last Name" required> <input class="l2Form" id="emailInput" type="email" name="E-mail" placeholder="Email Address" required> <input class="l2Form" type="text" id="popupInput2" name="ZipCode" placeholder="Postal code" required maxlength="20"> <input id="l2button" type="submit" name="myButton" value="Sign up today!" class="button"><br><br> </form> </div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div data-content-type="row" data-appearance="full-width" data-enable-parallax="0" data-parallax-speed="0.5" data-background-images="{}" data-background-type="image" data-video-loop="true" data-video-play-only-visible="true" data-video-lazy-load="true" data-video-fallback-src="" data-element="main" data-pb-style="TWHYGNK"><div class="row-full-width-inner" data-element="inner"><div data-content-type="products" data-appearance="carousel" data-autoplay="false" data-autoplay-speed="4000" data-infinite-loop="false" data-show-arrows="true" data-show-dots="false" data-carousel-mode="default" data-grid-title="Featured Articles" data-slides-to-show="3" data-slides-to-scroll="1" data-center-padding="90px" data-element="main"> <div class="block-top-wrapper"><h2 class="block-title">Featured Articles</h2><div class="widget-navigation"></div></div><div class="products wrapper products-grid grid"><div class="product-items widget-product-carousel"> <div class="product-item"> <div class="product-item-info"><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/liatris-postharvest-handling-tips" class="product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-50815-67b6499d520d4"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/d/f/df2ad97eabfa07f1b5e983cd941a97f7.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/d/f/df2ad97eabfa07f1b5e983cd941a97f7.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/d/f/df2ad97eabfa07f1b5e983cd941a97f7.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Figure 1: Liatris is one of the most popular perennial cut flowers. Photo: Thomas Ford, Penn State Extension"></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-5081567b6499d520d4 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-5081567b6499d520d4 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-5081567b6499d520d4 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product-item-details"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> <h5 class="product-item-name"><a title="Liatris: Postharvest Handling Tips" href="https://extension.psu.edu/liatris-postharvest-handling-tips" class="product-item-link">Liatris: Postharvest Handling Tips</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class="attribute authors"><span class="label">By </span><span class="value">Thomas Ford</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Liatris spicata which is known as liatris, Gayfeather, and Blazing Star, is one of the more popular native North American perennials grown outdoors by specialty cut flower growers.</div> </div></div> </div><div class="product-item"> <div class="product-item-info"><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/greenhouse-ipm-lily-basal-rot-and-bulb-mites-in-easter-lilies" class="product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-32875-67b6499d62bcc"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/d/8/d87e64e7497fc2e26c008a65f3349958.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/d/8/d87e64e7497fc2e26c008a65f3349958.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/d/8/d87e64e7497fc2e26c008a65f3349958.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Easter lily bulb with lily basal rot. Photo: Tom Ford, Penn State"></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-3287567b6499d62bcc { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-3287567b6499d62bcc span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-3287567b6499d62bcc span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product-item-details"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> <h5 class="product-item-name"><a title="Greenhouse IPM: Lily Basal Rot and Bulb Mites in Easter Lilies" href="https://extension.psu.edu/greenhouse-ipm-lily-basal-rot-and-bulb-mites-in-easter-lilies" class="product-item-link">Greenhouse IPM: Lily Basal Rot and Bulb Mites in Easter Lilies</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class="attribute authors"><span class="label">By </span><span class="value">Thomas Ford</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Easter lily popularity as a greenhouse crop has declined over the years, but there are still thousands of Easter lilies produced in Pennsylvania greenhouses each spring.</div> </div></div> </div><div class="product-item"> <div class="product-item-info"><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/underused-woody-ornamentals-red-buckeye" class="product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-29473-67b6499d638ab"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/7/3/7312e6018ab65e7dd83a84a50799e421.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/7/3/7312e6018ab65e7dd83a84a50799e421.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/7/3/7312e6018ab65e7dd83a84a50799e421.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Red buckeye. Photo: Margaret Hoffman, Penn State"></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-2947367b6499d638ab { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-2947367b6499d638ab span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-2947367b6499d638ab span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product-item-details"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> <h5 class="product-item-name"><a title="Underused Woody Ornamentals: Red Buckeye" href="https://extension.psu.edu/underused-woody-ornamentals-red-buckeye" class="product-item-link">Underused Woody Ornamentals: Red Buckeye</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class="attribute authors"><span class="label">By </span><span class="value">Margaret Hoffman, Ph.D.</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Do you love hummingbirds? Try Aesvulus pavia - Red buckeye.</div> </div></div> </div><div class="product-item"> <div class="product-item-info"><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/edible-landscapes-woody-plants" class="product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-29470-67b6499d68ec7"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/5/b/5b989b18badc2d57f61c6829676a7834.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/5/b/5b989b18badc2d57f61c6829676a7834.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/5/b/5b989b18badc2d57f61c6829676a7834.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="High bush blueberries in the landscape. Photo: Margaret Hoffman, Penn State"></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-2947067b6499d68ec7 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-2947067b6499d68ec7 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-2947067b6499d68ec7 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product-item-details"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> <h5 class="product-item-name"><a title="Edible Landscapes: Woody Plants" href="https://extension.psu.edu/edible-landscapes-woody-plants" class="product-item-link">Edible Landscapes: Woody Plants</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class="attribute authors"><span class="label">By </span><span class="value">Margaret Hoffman, Ph.D.</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">This article will discuss incorporating woody edibles attractively into the home landscape.</div> </div></div> </div><div class="product-item"> <div class="product-item-info"><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/controlling-weeds-in-nursery-and-landscape-plantings" class="product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-13629-67b6499d699c1"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/i/m/image_3777_1_2_1_262_1_23_1_28_2_11_2_2_2_38_1_94_7_2_24_46_6_414_49_21_45_2_25_15_1_9_1_18_9_6_5_1_21_3_29_8_2_1_13_5_1_345.jpg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/i/m/image_3777_1_2_1_262_1_23_1_28_2_11_2_2_2_38_1_94_7_2_24_46_6_414_49_21_45_2_25_15_1_9_1_18_9_6_5_1_21_3_29_8_2_1_13_5_1_345.jpg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/i/m/image_3777_1_2_1_262_1_23_1_28_2_11_2_2_2_38_1_94_7_2_24_46_6_414_49_21_45_2_25_15_1_9_1_18_9_6_5_1_21_3_29_8_2_1_13_5_1_345.jpg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Controlling Weeds in Nursery and Landscape Plantings"></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-1362967b6499d699c1 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-1362967b6499d699c1 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-1362967b6499d699c1 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product-item-details"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> <h5 class="product-item-name"><a title="Controlling Weeds in Nursery and Landscape Plantings" href="https://extension.psu.edu/controlling-weeds-in-nursery-and-landscape-plantings" class="product-item-link">Controlling Weeds in Nursery and Landscape Plantings</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class="attribute authors"><span class="label">By </span><span class="value">Jim Sellmer, Ph.D., Larry Kuhns, Tracey Lynn Harpster</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">This guide explains how people who grow and maintain landscape and nursery plantings can develop effective weed control programs.</div> </div></div> </div><div class="product-item"> <div class="product-item-info"><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/extending-the-garden-season-with-high-tunnels" class="product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-5385-67b6499d77e53"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/6/6/6691d9d999d42fe4174cf32cfa994d74_1.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/6/6/6691d9d999d42fe4174cf32cfa994d74_1.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/6/6/6691d9d999d42fe4174cf32cfa994d74_1.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Extending the Garden Season with High Tunnels"></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-538567b6499d77e53 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-538567b6499d77e53 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-538567b6499d77e53 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product-item-details"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> <h5 class="product-item-name"><a title="Extending the Garden Season with High Tunnels" href="https://extension.psu.edu/extending-the-garden-season-with-high-tunnels" class="product-item-link">Extending the Garden Season with High Tunnels</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class="attribute authors"><span class="label">By </span><span class="value">Elsa Sánchez, Ph.D., Michael Orzolek, Ph.D.</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">High tunnels offer plants protection from wet, saturated soils and low temperatures in the spring and fall, thereby extending the gardening season.</div> </div></div> </div><div class="product-item"> <div class="product-item-info"><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/christmas-cactus-diseases" class="product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-5014-67b6499d82995"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/3/4/3449742055894343b6312e0ea17ba603.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/3/4/3449742055894343b6312e0ea17ba603.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/3/4/3449742055894343b6312e0ea17ba603.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Christmas Cactus Diseases"></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-501467b6499d82995 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-501467b6499d82995 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-501467b6499d82995 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product-item-details"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> <h5 class="product-item-name"><a title="Christmas Cactus Diseases" href="https://extension.psu.edu/christmas-cactus-diseases" class="product-item-link">Christmas Cactus Diseases</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class="attribute authors"><span class="label">By </span><span class="value">Gary W. Moorman, Ph.D.</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Informational table showing disease name, symptoms, pathogen/cause, and management of Christmas cactus diseases.</div> </div></div> </div><div class="product-item"> <div class="product-item-info"><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/diagnosing-poor-plant-health" class="product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-4672-67b6499d88382"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/0/d/0dc591685c50f82695d256a03a07d8fe.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/0/d/0dc591685c50f82695d256a03a07d8fe.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/0/d/0dc591685c50f82695d256a03a07d8fe.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Diagnosing Poor Plant Health"></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-467267b6499d88382 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-467267b6499d88382 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-467267b6499d88382 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product-item-details"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> <h5 class="product-item-name"><a title="Diagnosing Poor Plant Health" href="https://extension.psu.edu/diagnosing-poor-plant-health" class="product-item-link">Diagnosing Poor Plant Health</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class="attribute authors"><span class="label">By </span><span class="value">Gary W. Moorman, Ph.D.</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Many things make plants unwell and pests and diseases are only two causes of poor plant growth.</div> </div></div> </div><div class="product-item"> <div class="product-item-info"><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/preventing-diagnosing-and-correcting-common-houseplant-problems" class="product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-4305-67b6499d88f98"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/9/8/98c0df42b8b2515724d55af9d3ecd240.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/9/8/98c0df42b8b2515724d55af9d3ecd240.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/9/8/98c0df42b8b2515724d55af9d3ecd240.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Preventing, Diagnosing, and Correcting Common Houseplant Problems"></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-430567b6499d88f98 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-430567b6499d88f98 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-430567b6499d88f98 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product-item-details"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> <h5 class="product-item-name"><a title="Preventing, Diagnosing, and Correcting Common Houseplant Problems" href="https://extension.psu.edu/preventing-diagnosing-and-correcting-common-houseplant-problems" class="product-item-link">Preventing, Diagnosing, and Correcting Common Houseplant Problems</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Properly selecting houseplants for purchase at a garden center or other retailer is essential if you want to take home a good, healthy plant and avoid potential problems.</div> </div></div> </div><div class="product-item"> <div class="product-item-info"><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/pennsylvania-native-plants-for-the-perennial-garden" class="product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-4302-67b6499d899a1"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/3/b/3bde9e8d93b6e4a3026ce95b9f7e769f.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/3/b/3bde9e8d93b6e4a3026ce95b9f7e769f.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/3/b/3bde9e8d93b6e4a3026ce95b9f7e769f.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Pennsylvania Native Plants for the Perennial Garden"></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-430267b6499d899a1 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-430267b6499d899a1 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-430267b6499d899a1 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product-item-details"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> <h5 class="product-item-name"><a title="Pennsylvania Native Plants for the Perennial Garden" href="https://extension.psu.edu/pennsylvania-native-plants-for-the-perennial-garden" class="product-item-link">Pennsylvania Native Plants for the Perennial Garden</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class="attribute authors"><span class="label">By </span><span class="value">Constance Schmotzer</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Herbaceous (nonwoody) perennial plants add year round interest to any landscape and are a popular choice of plants among gardeners.</div> </div></div> </div><div class="product-item"> <div class="product-item-info"><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/cut-flower-production" class="product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-4289-67b6499d8f06c"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/8/2/825b7c9eec77db3186d67a8cc84a01a7_1.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/8/2/825b7c9eec77db3186d67a8cc84a01a7_1.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/8/2/825b7c9eec77db3186d67a8cc84a01a7_1.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Flower Production"></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-428967b6499d8f06c { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-428967b6499d8f06c span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-428967b6499d8f06c span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product-item-details"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> <h5 class="product-item-name"><a title="Cut Flower Production" href="https://extension.psu.edu/cut-flower-production" class="product-item-link">Cut Flower Production</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class="attribute authors"><span class="label">By </span><span class="value">Thomas Ford, Lynn Kime, Steve Bogash</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">The specialty cut-flower business may fit well into a small-scale and part-time farming operation.</div> </div></div> </div><div class="product-item"> <div class="product-item-info"><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/why-isnt-my-african-violet-flowering" class="product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-4134-67b6499d9e786"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/3/f/3f2128519afb7b84703aaa8d71bda73b.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/3/f/3f2128519afb7b84703aaa8d71bda73b.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/3/f/3f2128519afb7b84703aaa8d71bda73b.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Beautiful purple African violet blooms"></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-413467b6499d9e786 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-413467b6499d9e786 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-413467b6499d9e786 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product-item-details"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> <h5 class="product-item-name"><a title="Why Isn't My African Violet Flowering?" href="https://extension.psu.edu/why-isnt-my-african-violet-flowering" class="product-item-link">Why Isn't My African Violet Flowering?</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class="attribute authors"><span class="label">By </span><span class="value">Sandy Feather</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Most modern African violets (Saintpaulia spp.) bloom throughout the year without much effort on the grower's part.</div> </div></div> </div><div class="product-item"> <div class="product-item-info"><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/how-to-pasteurize-medium-and-sterilize-containers-and-tools" class="product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-4041-67b6499da54c3"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/i/m/image_162.png?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/i/m/image_162.png?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/i/m/image_162.png?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="How to Pasteurize Medium and Sterilize Containers and Tools"></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-404167b6499da54c3 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-404167b6499da54c3 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-404167b6499da54c3 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product-item-details"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> <h5 class="product-item-name"><a title="How to Pasteurize Medium and Sterilize Containers and Tools" href="https://extension.psu.edu/how-to-pasteurize-medium-and-sterilize-containers-and-tools" class="product-item-link">How to Pasteurize Medium and Sterilize Containers and Tools</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class="attribute authors"><span class="label">By </span><span class="value">Jim Sellmer, Ph.D., Phyllis Lamont</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">To increase the survival rate for seedlings during germination, containers and tools should be sterilized and pasteurized or sterile soilless mixes should be used as growing medium.</div> </div></div> </div><div class="product-item"> <div class="product-item-info"><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/greenhouse-production" class="product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-3726-67b6499daa85b"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/8/3/83347a7b3dfd2e1bf9a3b24d1f449fda.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/8/3/83347a7b3dfd2e1bf9a3b24d1f449fda.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/8/3/83347a7b3dfd2e1bf9a3b24d1f449fda.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Greenhouse Production"></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-372667b6499daa85b { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-372667b6499daa85b span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-372667b6499daa85b span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product-item-details"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> <h5 class="product-item-name"><a title="Greenhouse Production" href="https://extension.psu.edu/greenhouse-production" class="product-item-link">Greenhouse Production</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class="attribute authors"><span class="label">By </span><span class="value">Lynn Kime</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Greenhouse production may be year-round and can provide valuable cash flow throughout the year.</div> </div></div> </div><div class="product-item"> <div class="product-item-info"><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/powdery-mildew" class="product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-2515-67b6499dab215"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/5/6/567b77a2dc5eac8a298a52b1644452cf.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/5/6/567b77a2dc5eac8a298a52b1644452cf.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/5/6/567b77a2dc5eac8a298a52b1644452cf.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Powdery mildew on Poinsettia"></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-251567b6499dab215 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-251567b6499dab215 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-251567b6499dab215 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product-item-details"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> <h5 class="product-item-name"><a title="Powdery Mildew" href="https://extension.psu.edu/powdery-mildew" class="product-item-link">Powdery Mildew</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class="attribute authors"><span class="label">By </span><span class="value">Gary W. Moorman, Ph.D.</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Powdery mildew occurs on many different flowers, woody ornamentals and trees.</div> </div></div> </div><div class="product-item"> <div class="product-item-info"><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/poinsettia-diseases" class="product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-2510-67b6499dabaf1"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/7/e/7e3c356f998cd56e09af0de92438a782.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/7/e/7e3c356f998cd56e09af0de92438a782.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/7/e/7e3c356f998cd56e09af0de92438a782.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Poinsettia Diseases"></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-251067b6499dabaf1 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-251067b6499dabaf1 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-251067b6499dabaf1 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product-item-details"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> <h5 class="product-item-name"><a title="Poinsettia Diseases" href="https://extension.psu.edu/poinsettia-diseases" class="product-item-link">Poinsettia Diseases</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class="attribute authors"><span class="label">By </span><span class="value">Gary W. Moorman, Ph.D.</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Informational table showing disease name, symptoms, pathogen/cause, and management of Poinsettia diseases.</div> </div></div> </div><div class="product-item"> <div class="product-item-info"><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/over-fertilization-of-potted-plants" class="product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-2390-67b6499dac3d1"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/6/d/6d388cdb4e9af3efea5f362e0e089d7f.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/6/d/6d388cdb4e9af3efea5f362e0e089d7f.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/6/d/6d388cdb4e9af3efea5f362e0e089d7f.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Over-Fertilization of Potted Plants"></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-239067b6499dac3d1 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-239067b6499dac3d1 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-239067b6499dac3d1 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product-item-details"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> <h5 class="product-item-name"><a title="Over-Fertilization of Potted Plants" href="https://extension.psu.edu/over-fertilization-of-potted-plants" class="product-item-link">Over-Fertilization of Potted Plants</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class="attribute authors"><span class="label">By </span><span class="value">Gary W. Moorman, Ph.D.</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Over-fertilization of commercial pot or container-grown crops results in high concentrations of soluble salts in the potting medium.</div> </div></div></div> </div></div></div></div></div><div data-content-type="row" data-appearance="full-width" data-enable-parallax="0" data-parallax-speed="0.5" data-background-images="{}" data-background-type="image" data-video-loop="true" data-video-play-only-visible="true" data-video-lazy-load="true" data-video-fallback-src="" data-element="main" data-pb-style="F16LVEF"><div class="row-full-width-inner" data-element="inner"><div data-content-type="products" data-appearance="carousel" data-autoplay="false" data-autoplay-speed="4000" data-infinite-loop="false" data-show-arrows="true" data-show-dots="false" data-carousel-mode="default" data-grid-title="Common Problems" data-slides-to-show="3" data-slides-to-scroll="1" data-center-padding="90px" data-element="main"> <div class="block-top-wrapper"><h2 class="block-title">Common Problems</h2><div class="widget-navigation"></div></div><div class="products wrapper products-grid grid"><div class="product-items widget-product-carousel"> <div class="product-item"> <div class="product-item-info"><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/another-tool-for-combatting-pest-problems-in-the-greenhouse" class="product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-60094-67b6499dc7c7d"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/f/1/f12090dcb5cc587c5805dfb6855148e9.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/f/1/f12090dcb5cc587c5805dfb6855148e9.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/f/1/f12090dcb5cc587c5805dfb6855148e9.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Figure 1: Cotton aphid. Mycoinsecticides can be used effectively in the greenhouse to manage aphids, thrips, whiteflies, and mites. Photo by Thomas Ford, Penn State Extension."></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-6009467b6499dc7c7d { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-6009467b6499dc7c7d span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-6009467b6499dc7c7d span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product-item-details"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> <h5 class="product-item-name"><a title="Another Tool for Combatting Pest Problems in the Greenhouse" href="https://extension.psu.edu/another-tool-for-combatting-pest-problems-in-the-greenhouse" class="product-item-link">Another Tool for Combatting Pest Problems in the Greenhouse</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class="attribute authors"><span class="label">By </span><span class="value">Thomas Ford</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">The return of metarhizium brunneum strain F52 to the market gives growers another tool for combatting pest problems in the greenhouse.</div> </div></div> </div><div class="product-item"> <div class="product-item-info"><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/managing-thrips-on-garden-mums" class="product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-53320-67b6499dc8841"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/d/b/db0fcc4244462e5cfaef7a3db34cdd99.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/d/b/db0fcc4244462e5cfaef7a3db34cdd99.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/d/b/db0fcc4244462e5cfaef7a3db34cdd99.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Figure 1:Thrips are difficult to manage when garden mums are grown in outdoor production areas. Photos: Thomas Ford, Penn State"></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-5332067b6499dc8841 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-5332067b6499dc8841 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-5332067b6499dc8841 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product-item-details"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> <h5 class="product-item-name"><a title="Managing Thrips on Garden Mums" href="https://extension.psu.edu/managing-thrips-on-garden-mums" class="product-item-link">Managing Thrips on Garden Mums</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class="attribute authors"><span class="label">By </span><span class="value">Thomas Ford</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Western flower thrips are one insect pest that can wreak havoc on even the best-managed garden mum crop.</div> </div></div> </div><div class="product-item"> <div class="product-item-info"><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/tobacco-mosaic-virus-tmv-and-your-employees" class="product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-53317-67b6499dc929b"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/d/1/d1f16e2ee07138a1ddce223140c65374.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/d/1/d1f16e2ee07138a1ddce223140c65374.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/d/1/d1f16e2ee07138a1ddce223140c65374.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Figure 1: Floral symptoms on petunia with confirmed Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) infection. Photo: Thomas Ford, Penn State"></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-5331767b6499dc929b { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-5331767b6499dc929b span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-5331767b6499dc929b span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product-item-details"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> <h5 class="product-item-name"><a title="Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) and Your Employees" href="https://extension.psu.edu/tobacco-mosaic-virus-tmv-and-your-employees" class="product-item-link">Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) and Your Employees</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class="attribute authors"><span class="label">By </span><span class="value">Thomas Ford</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) can infect up to 350 species of plants, including common crops like bacopa, calibrachoa, petunia, nicotiana, scaveola, verbena, eggplant, tomato, pepper, tobacco, etc.</div> </div></div> </div><div class="product-item"> <div class="product-item-info"><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/black-root-rot-in-pansies" class="product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-53314-67b6499dc9d16"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/7/0/70da9fdbfa161ee2f6d0f972b30e365f.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/7/0/70da9fdbfa161ee2f6d0f972b30e365f.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/7/0/70da9fdbfa161ee2f6d0f972b30e365f.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Figure 1: Weak and chlorotic appearing pansies may be infected with Black root rot (Thielaviopsis basicola) Photo: Thomas Ford, Penn State"></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-5331467b6499dc9d16 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-5331467b6499dc9d16 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-5331467b6499dc9d16 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product-item-details"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> <h5 class="product-item-name"><a title="Black Root Rot in Pansies" href="https://extension.psu.edu/black-root-rot-in-pansies" class="product-item-link">Black Root Rot in Pansies</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class="attribute authors"><span class="label">By </span><span class="value">Thomas Ford</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Pansies are very susceptible to several root diseases like Pythium, Rhizoctonia, Fusarium, and Thielaviopsis (Black root rot).</div> </div></div> </div><div class="product-item"> <div class="product-item-info"><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/correcting-nutritional-disorders-in-greenhouse-crops" class="product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-50968-67b6499dca78d"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/4/b/4bad5c95fbc64fc98f73fab738dae27f.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/4/b/4bad5c95fbc64fc98f73fab738dae27f.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/4/b/4bad5c95fbc64fc98f73fab738dae27f.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Figure 1: Elevated substrate pH can result in iron deficiency symptoms being observed in petunias and calibrachoas. Photo by Thomas Ford, Penn State"></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-5096867b6499dca78d { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-5096867b6499dca78d span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-5096867b6499dca78d span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product-item-details"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> <h5 class="product-item-name"><a title="Correcting Nutritional Disorders in Greenhouse Crops" href="https://extension.psu.edu/correcting-nutritional-disorders-in-greenhouse-crops" class="product-item-link">Correcting Nutritional Disorders in Greenhouse Crops</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class="attribute authors"><span class="label">By </span><span class="value">Thomas Ford</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">The pH of the greenhouse media substrate can significantly influence nutrient uptake and availability in plants.</div> </div></div> </div><div class="product-item"> <div class="product-item-info"><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/managing-botrytis-or-gray-mold-in-the-greenhouse" class="product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-50830-67b6499dcb09d"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/9/0/90fc660acf938baa26477f890b59ee72.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/9/0/90fc660acf938baa26477f890b59ee72.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/9/0/90fc660acf938baa26477f890b59ee72.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Figure 1: Light gray to tan cobweb-like mold observed on blighted leaves is one sign of a Botrytis cinerea infection. Photo: Thomas Ford, Penn State Extension"></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-5083067b6499dcb09d { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-5083067b6499dcb09d span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-5083067b6499dcb09d span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product-item-details"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> <h5 class="product-item-name"><a title="Managing Botrytis or Gray Mold in the Greenhouse" href="https://extension.psu.edu/managing-botrytis-or-gray-mold-in-the-greenhouse" class="product-item-link">Managing Botrytis or Gray Mold in the Greenhouse</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class="attribute authors"><span class="label">By </span><span class="value">Thomas Ford</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Botrytis or gray mold (Botrytis cinerea) is commonly observed in greenhouse environments on a wide range of ornamental and vegetable crops.</div> </div></div> </div><div class="product-item"> <div class="product-item-info"><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/lawn-and-turfgrass-weeds-annual-or-daisy-fleabane" class="product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-26995-67b6499dcb9d9"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/1/b/1bf3f866e35368036f66033223a88d99.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/1/b/1bf3f866e35368036f66033223a88d99.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/1/b/1bf3f866e35368036f66033223a88d99.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Flowers of annual fleabane. Photo: Peter Landschoot, Penn State"></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-2699567b6499dcb9d9 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-2699567b6499dcb9d9 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-2699567b6499dcb9d9 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product-item-details"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> <h5 class="product-item-name"><a title="Lawn and Turfgrass Weeds: Annual or Daisy Fleabane" href="https://extension.psu.edu/lawn-and-turfgrass-weeds-annual-or-daisy-fleabane" class="product-item-link">Lawn and Turfgrass Weeds: Annual or Daisy Fleabane</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class="attribute authors"><span class="label">By </span><span class="value">Tim Abbey, Peter Landschoot, Ph.D., Tanner Delvalle</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Annual fleabane, also called daisy fleabane, is a common and fast-growing broadleaf weed found in Pennsylvania lawns and other low maintenance turf areas. Its common name comes from folklore claiming dried plant material will repel fleas.</div> </div></div> </div><div class="product-item"> <div class="product-item-info"><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/lawn-and-turfgrass-weeds-creeping-buttercup" class="product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-26784-67b6499dd9aea"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/4/e/4e15c76234c32c32b6d08b839667a7b7.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/4/e/4e15c76234c32c32b6d08b839667a7b7.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/4/e/4e15c76234c32c32b6d08b839667a7b7.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Creeping buttercup growing in a partially shaded lawn. Photo: Peter Landschoot, Penn State"></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-2678467b6499dd9aea { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-2678467b6499dd9aea span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-2678467b6499dd9aea span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product-item-details"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> <h5 class="product-item-name"><a title="Lawn and Turfgrass Weeds: Creeping Buttercup" href="https://extension.psu.edu/lawn-and-turfgrass-weeds-creeping-buttercup" class="product-item-link">Lawn and Turfgrass Weeds: Creeping Buttercup</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class="attribute authors"><span class="label">By </span><span class="value">Tim Abbey, Peter Landschoot, Ph.D., Tanner Delvalle</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Creeping buttercup is a stoloniferous plant that spreads through thin turf forming patches in lawns and parks.</div> </div></div> </div><div class="product-item"> <div class="product-item-info"><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/lawn-and-turfgrass-weeds-hairy-bittercress" class="product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-24753-67b6499dda5c0"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/3/c/3c25532ddbc323d5286b28531719742a.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/3/c/3c25532ddbc323d5286b28531719742a.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/3/c/3c25532ddbc323d5286b28531719742a.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Pinnately compound leaves with rounded leaflets. Photo: Peter Landschoot, Penn State"></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-2475367b6499dda5c0 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-2475367b6499dda5c0 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-2475367b6499dda5c0 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product-item-details"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> <h5 class="product-item-name"><a title="Lawn and Turfgrass Weeds: Hairy Bittercress" href="https://extension.psu.edu/lawn-and-turfgrass-weeds-hairy-bittercress" class="product-item-link">Lawn and Turfgrass Weeds: Hairy Bittercress</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class="attribute authors"><span class="label">By </span><span class="value">Tim Abbey, Peter Landschoot, Ph.D., Tanner Delvalle</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Hairy bittercress (Cardamine hirsuta L.) is one of the first broadleaf weeds to appear in home lawns, parks, and other turf areas during early spring.</div> </div></div> </div><div class="product-item"> <div class="product-item-info"><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/lawn-and-turfgrass-weeds-common-field-speedwell-veronica-persica" class="product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-24691-67b6499ddb004"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/8/4/845eb0a7f8e3f3f20f6f108a637be7f4.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/8/4/845eb0a7f8e3f3f20f6f108a637be7f4.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/8/4/845eb0a7f8e3f3f20f6f108a637be7f4.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Patch of common field speedwell in park in Gettysburg. Photo: Peter Landschoot, Penn State"></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-2469167b6499ddb004 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-2469167b6499ddb004 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-2469167b6499ddb004 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product-item-details"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> <h5 class="product-item-name"><a title="Lawn and Turfgrass Weeds: Common Field Speedwell (Veronica persica)" href="https://extension.psu.edu/lawn-and-turfgrass-weeds-common-field-speedwell-veronica-persica" class="product-item-link">Lawn and Turfgrass Weeds: Common Field Speedwell (Veronica persica)</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class="attribute authors"><span class="label">By </span><span class="value">Tim Abbey, Peter Landschoot, Ph.D., Tanner Delvalle</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Common field speedwell is a common weed of home lawns, parks, institutional grounds, and golf courses in Pennsylvania.</div> </div></div> </div><div class="product-item"> <div class="product-item-info"><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/abiotic-diseases-of-woody-ornamentals" class="product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-4006-67b6499ddb98c"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/0/f/0f7215973c267550dcbf1fe2906c9668.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/0/f/0f7215973c267550dcbf1fe2906c9668.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/0/f/0f7215973c267550dcbf1fe2906c9668.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Abiotic Diseases Of Woody Ornamentals"></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-400667b6499ddb98c { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-400667b6499ddb98c span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-400667b6499ddb98c span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product-item-details"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> <h5 class="product-item-name"><a title="Abiotic Diseases Of Woody Ornamentals" href="https://extension.psu.edu/abiotic-diseases-of-woody-ornamentals" class="product-item-link">Abiotic Diseases Of Woody Ornamentals</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class="attribute authors"><span class="label">By </span><span class="value">Gary W. Moorman, Ph.D.</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Of the two major types of diseases of woody ornamentals—biotic and abiotic—abiotic diseases are by far the most important ones on landscape and nursery plants.</div> </div></div> </div><div class="product-item"> <div class="product-item-info"><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/off-label-applications-of-pesticides-and-phytotoxicity" class="product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-2636-67b6499ddc438"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/0/a/0a138811cd7e9add3194c67ebdb8fb64.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/0/a/0a138811cd7e9add3194c67ebdb8fb64.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/0/a/0a138811cd7e9add3194c67ebdb8fb64.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Phytotoxicity from the insecticide Spirotetramat on geraniums. Photo: Thomas G. Ford"></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-263667b6499ddc438 { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-263667b6499ddc438 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-263667b6499ddc438 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product-item-details"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> <h5 class="product-item-name"><a title="Off-label Applications of Pesticides and Phytotoxicity" href="https://extension.psu.edu/off-label-applications-of-pesticides-and-phytotoxicity" class="product-item-link">Off-label Applications of Pesticides and Phytotoxicity</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class="attribute authors"><span class="label">By </span><span class="value">Thomas Ford</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Extension professionals and pesticide industry representatives consistently reminded growers to read the pesticide label thoroughly and observe all precautions listed on the label.</div> </div></div> </div><div class="product-item"> <div class="product-item-info"><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/key-plants-and-key-diseases-indoors" class="product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-2462-67b6499ddce3a"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/f/3/f3df9effbeeb2a7218de5e6cd49d0cf2.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/f/3/f3df9effbeeb2a7218de5e6cd49d0cf2.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/f/3/f3df9effbeeb2a7218de5e6cd49d0cf2.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Key Plants And Key Diseases Indoors"></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-246267b6499ddce3a { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-246267b6499ddce3a span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-246267b6499ddce3a span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product-item-details"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> <h5 class="product-item-name"><a title="Key Plants And Key Diseases Indoors" href="https://extension.psu.edu/key-plants-and-key-diseases-indoors" class="product-item-link">Key Plants And Key Diseases Indoors</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class="attribute authors"><span class="label">By </span><span class="value">Gary W. Moorman, Ph.D.</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Selecting plants for placement in the interiorscape can be simplified if the key plants used are known and if the key pathogens on those plants can be identified.</div> </div></div> </div><div class="product-item"> <div class="product-item-info"><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/disinfecting-tools-equipment-pots-flats-and-benches" class="product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-2405-67b6499ddd72d"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/0/1/01954e2a4bcc3f338910f670a04b3b76.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/0/1/01954e2a4bcc3f338910f670a04b3b76.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/0/1/01954e2a4bcc3f338910f670a04b3b76.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=448&width=676&canvas=676:448" loading="lazy" width="676" height="448" alt="Store clean, dry tools on clean newspaper or plastic sheeting or in an empty, clean container. Or you can hang them up, so they do not become contaminated with soil or plant debris."></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-240567b6499ddd72d { width: 676px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 676 / 448; } .product-image-container-240567b6499ddd72d span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-240567b6499ddd72d span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.272189349112%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product-item-details"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> <h5 class="product-item-name"><a title="Disinfecting Tools, Equipment, Pots, Flats and Benches" href="https://extension.psu.edu/disinfecting-tools-equipment-pots-flats-and-benches" class="product-item-link">Disinfecting Tools, Equipment, Pots, Flats and Benches</a></h5><div class="product-attributes"> <div class="attribute authors"><span class="label">By </span><span class="value">Gary W. Moorman, Ph.D.</span></div> </div> <div class="product-short-description">Disinfectants are chemicals that kill or inactivate pathogens before plant infection occurs. Disinfectants are used to decontaminate equipment surfaces or plant surfaces. This article addresses the disinfectation of equipment.</div> </div></div></div> </div></div></div></div></div><div data-content-type="row" data-appearance="contained" data-element="main"><div data-enable-parallax="0" data-parallax-speed="0.5" data-background-images="{}" data-background-type="image" data-video-loop="true" data-video-play-only-visible="true" data-video-lazy-load="true" data-video-fallback-src="" data-element="inner" data-pb-style="VUE6416"><div data-content-type="block" data-appearance="default" data-element="main"> <div class="widget block block-static-block"><style>#html-body [data-pb-style=AYUUEJC],#html-body [data-pb-style=UQD4TWC]{justify-content:flex-start;display:flex;flex-direction:column;background-position:left top;background-size:cover;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-attachment:scroll;margin:0}#html-body [data-pb-style=AYUUEJC]{background-color:#f6f8fc;border-color:#72a4a1;border-width:4px;padding:0}#html-body [data-pb-style=UQD4TWC]{width:83.3333%;padding:0 20px;align-self:stretch}#html-body [data-pb-style=VP1US9H]{padding-top:20px}#html-body [data-pb-style=Y1N9WXM]{margin-top:20px;padding-bottom:20px}#html-body [data-pb-style=LFTVTGT]{justify-content:flex-start;display:flex;flex-direction:column;background-position:left top;background-size:cover;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-attachment:scroll;width:16.6667%;margin:0;padding:0;align-self:stretch}#html-body [data-pb-style=SNRKXP9]{padding:20px 20px 20px 0;border-style:none}#html-body [data-pb-style=CXIYDBE],#html-body [data-pb-style=F8NBYNW]{max-width:100%;height:auto}@media only screen and (max-width: 768px) { #html-body [data-pb-style=SNRKXP9]{border-style:none} }</style><div data-content-type="html" data-appearance="default" data-element="main" data-decoded="true"><style> .expert-border{border-top:#5c9b96 4px solid;} </style></div><div data-content-type="row" data-appearance="contained" data-element="main"><div class="expert-border" data-enable-parallax="0" data-parallax-speed="0.5" data-background-images="{}" data-background-type="image" data-video-loop="true" data-video-play-only-visible="true" data-video-lazy-load="true" data-video-fallback-src="" data-element="inner" data-pb-style="AYUUEJC"><div data-content-type="text" data-appearance="default" data-element="main"></div><div class="pagebuilder-column-group" style="display: flex;" data-content-type="column-group" data-grid-size="12" data-element="main"><div class="pagebuilder-column" data-content-type="column" data-appearance="full-height" data-background-images="{}" data-element="main" data-pb-style="UQD4TWC"><div data-content-type="text" data-appearance="default" data-element="main" data-pb-style="VP1US9H"><h3><span style="font-size: 36px; line-height: 36px;">Your Challenges, Our Expertise</span></h3></div><div data-content-type="text" data-appearance="default" data-element="main"><p><span style="font-size: 20px; line-height: 20px;">Connect with us for the latest research-based knowledge and hands-on know-how. Find experts who will work with you in person or online to answer questions, solve problems, and seize opportunities.</span></p></div><div data-content-type="html" data-appearance="default" data-element="main" data-pb-style="Y1N9WXM" data-decoded="true"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/ornamentals-and-floriculture/experts" class="experts-link"><span>Meet The Experts</span></a></div></div><div class="pagebuilder-column pagebuilder-mobile-hidden" data-content-type="column" data-appearance="full-height" data-background-images="{}" data-element="main" data-pb-style="LFTVTGT"><figure class="pagebuilder-mobile-hidden" data-content-type="image" data-appearance="full-width" data-element="main" data-pb-style="SNRKXP9"><img class="pagebuilder-mobile-hidden" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/wysiwyg/Meet_the_Experts_bigstock-409918480.png" alt="" title="" data-element="desktop_image" data-pb-style="F8NBYNW"><img class="pagebuilder-mobile-only" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/wysiwyg/Meet_the_Experts_bigstock-409918480.png" alt="" title="" data-element="mobile_image" data-pb-style="CXIYDBE"></figure></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div data-content-type="row" data-appearance="full-width" data-enable-parallax="0" data-parallax-speed="0.5" data-background-images="{}" data-background-type="image" data-video-loop="true" data-video-play-only-visible="true" data-video-lazy-load="true" data-video-fallback-src="" data-element="main" data-pb-style="DBU3FR3"><div class="row-full-width-inner" data-element="inner"><div data-content-type="products" data-grid-title="Resources and Programs" data-appearance="read-more-product-grid" data-element="main"> <div class="block widget block-products-list grid"> <div class="title-with-link"><h2>Resources and Programs</h2></div> <div class="block-content"> <div class="read-more-products-grid grid"><ol class="product-items widget-product-grid">  <li class="product-item"> <h5 class="product-item-name"><a title="Agricultural Analytical Services Laboratory" href="https://agsci.psu.edu/aasl" class="product-item-link">Agricultural Analytical Services Laboratory</a></h5><div class="item-description"><div>AASL provides a wide range of testing programs for soils, water, plants, biosolids, and other agricultural materials.</div></div><a href="https://agsci.psu.edu/aasl" class="product-item-link">Read More</a>  </li><li class="product-item"> <h5 class="product-item-name"><a title="Insect Identification Lab" href="https://ento.psu.edu/about/contact/instructions-for-insect-identification-requests" class="product-item-link">Insect Identification Lab</a></h5><div class="item-description"><div>A service of the Department of Entomology that provides identification of insects.</div></div><a href="https://ento.psu.edu/about/contact/instructions-for-insect-identification-requests" class="product-item-link">Read More</a>  </li><li class="product-item"> <h5 class="product-item-name"><a title="Keeping It Green: A Podcast from Penn State Extension" href="https://extension.psu.edu/keeping-it-green" class="product-item-link">Keeping It Green: A Podcast from Penn State Extension</a></h5><div class="item-description"><div>Join our weekly podcast in which educators talk with ornamental plant professionals and enthusiasts who add beauty and function to our landscapes. Topics will range from design, installation and maintenance, plant selection, pests, and other current horticulture topics.</div></div><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/keeping-it-green" class="product-item-link">Read More</a>  </li><li class="product-item"> <h5 class="product-item-name"><a title="Plant Disease Clinic" href="https://plantpath.psu.edu/facilities/plant-disease-clinic" class="product-item-link">Plant Disease Clinic</a></h5><div class="item-description"><div>Provides clinical diagnoses of plant diseases for 2,000+ samples submitted annually by agricultural producers, urban gardeners, and homeowners.</div></div><a href="https://plantpath.psu.edu/facilities/plant-disease-clinic" class="product-item-link">Read More</a>  </li><li class="product-item"> <h5 class="product-item-name"><a title="Trial Gardens" href="https://agsci.psu.edu/flower-trials" class="product-item-link">Trial Gardens</a></h5><div class="item-description"><div>The trial gardens are living laboratories and classrooms for horticulture, plant pathology and entomology.</div></div><a href="https://agsci.psu.edu/flower-trials" class="product-item-link">Read More</a> </li> </ol></div></div></div></div></div></div><div data-content-type="row" data-appearance="contained" data-element="main"><div data-enable-parallax="0" data-parallax-speed="0.5" data-background-images="{}" data-background-type="image" data-video-loop="true" data-video-play-only-visible="true" data-video-lazy-load="true" data-video-fallback-src="" data-element="inner" data-pb-style="KLHTUSR"><div data-content-type="text" data-appearance="default" data-element="main"></div></div></div></div> <div id="ajaxlogin-popup" data-bind="scope:'ajaxLogin'" style="display: none;"></div><input name="form_key" type="hidden" value="0HnnvcYcMtmfItBT" /> <div id="authenticationPopup" data-bind="scope:'authenticationPopup', style: {display: 'none'}">  </div> <div class="category-description"><div data-content-type="html" data-appearance="default" data-element="main" data-decoded="true"><p>Flowers, foliage, trees, and shrubs can make a stunning display in any landscape. The production of ornamental plants and floriculture is one of the most diverse sectors of horticulture. Use Penn State Extension’s vast collection of resources to explore how to plant and grow flowers and ornamentals for profit. Get advice on how to manage flower pests and diseases, soil, and more.</p> <h2>Types of Floriculture</h2> <p>Floriculture is a branch of ornamental horticulture. It relates to the growing and marketing of flowers and ornamental plants. The most important types of floriculture are:</p> <ul style="list-style: disc; list-style-position: inside;"> <li>Annual, biennial or perennial flowers and ornamentals</li> <li>Bedding and garden plants</li> <li>Potted flowering plants</li> <li>Foliage plants</li> <li>Cut flowers</li> </ul> <p>We often consider certain <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/flowering-tree-identification-for-green-industry-professionals">flowering trees</a> as ornamental plants. Floriculture also includes flower arrangement and the <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/cut-flower-production">production of cut flowers</a>. It is considered by many to be a greenhouse industry, as the production of flowers and potted plants largely takes place in temperate climates.</p> <p>However, you can still cultivate flowers outdoors in nurseries or crop fields. The production of bedding plants, most of which are <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/annuals">annuals</a>, and the production of cuttings for growing in greenhouses or for use indoors are fundamental parts of floriculture.</p> <p>Floriculturists are also responsible for doing research on specific flowers and determining in which conditions they will grow the best. <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/heat-and-drought-tolerant-plants">Heat and drought-tolerant plants</a>, for example, thrive when the temperatures soar.</p> <h2>Best Flowers and Ornamentals to Grow in PA</h2> <p>If you’re growing flowers and ornamentals in Pennsylvania, the <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/penn-state-flower-trials-aid-industry-consumers-in-picking-posies">Penn State Flower Trials</a> are an annual event you don’t want to miss. It’s been held for over 85 years and is the perfect opportunity to network with industry representatives, other <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/green-industry-conference">green industry professionals</a>, and connect with customers. <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/2020-penn-state-flower-trials">Videos of the event</a> are generally available if you want a sneak peek of what you can expect. <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/virtual-flower-trials">Virtual Flower Trials</a> are also used to showcase the annual event.</p> <p>The <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/greenhouse-meeting">Western Pennsylvania Fall Greenhouse Meeting</a> is another opportunity to learn more about pest and disease control, proper cultural practices, new varieties of plants, and marketing ideas.</p> <p>When selecting plants for a landscape in Pennsylvania, <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/pennsylvania-native-plants-for-the-perennial-garden">natives have many advantages</a>. Because they have evolved in the state, they are well-adapted to the climate and much easier to care for once they’re established.</p> <p><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/long-blooming-perennials">Perennials that you can grow in Pennsylvania</a> include <i>Alcea</i> hybrids, <i>Brunnera macrophylla, Chrysanthemum maximum</i>, and <i>Dicentra eximia</i>. Great <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/great-cut-flowers-from-your-home-garden">cut flowers for the home</a> include black-eyed Susan, columbine, bellflower, and calendula. To keep the interest in your garden throughout the winter, choose <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/evergreen-native-plants">evergreen native plants</a> such as Christmas fern, seersucker sedge, mountain laurel, and rosebay rhododendron. You should always give careful consideration to <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/key-herbaceous-plants-and-key-pathogens-diseases">key herbaceous plants</a>. These are the ones that are more likely to develop diseases and require regular monitoring.</p> <h2>Getting Started With Flowers and Ornamentals</h2> <p>There’s a lot to consider when you’re first starting out growing flowers and ornamentals. You’ve got a wide selection of <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/ornamentals-and-floriculture/species-and-varieties">species and varieties</a> to choose from. To ensure optimum growth you have to include <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/ornamentals-and-floriculture/soil-management">soil management</a> in your plan as well as look for ways to control <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/ornamentals-and-floriculture/pests-and-diseases">pests and diseases</a>. A crucial skill is to be able to <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/symptoms-and-signs-of-plant-health-problems">recognize symptoms and signs of stress</a> in plants, including damage and <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/plant-health-diagnosis-assessing-plant-diseases-pests-and-problems">disease</a>.</p> <p>A wealth of topical information is available to help you when you’re getting started. Networking opportunities also exist for Green Industry Professionals. The <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/landscape-update">Landscape Update program</a> provides information about pest management for turf and ornamental plants. Get regular updates at the <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/turf-and-ornamentals-conference">Turf and Ornamentals Conferences</a>.</p> <p>Training plays a key role in running a successful floriculture business. Take advantage of Penn State Extension’s <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/trees-and-shrubs/employee-landscape-training">Employee Landscape Training</a> that encompasses planting, mulching, and watering for both beginner and seasonal employees. <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/pruning-basics">Pruning basics</a> is another topic covered in these courses. Knowing how to <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/pruning-ornamental-trees-and-shrubs">prune ornamental trees and shrubs</a>, when and what to prune, as well as safe use of tools is paramount.</p></div></div> </div><div class="sidebar sidebar-main"> <div class="block filter level2" id="layered-filter-block" data-mage-init=' { "collapsible": { "openedState": "active", "collapsible": true, "active": false, "collateral": { "openedState": "filter-active", "element": "body" } } }'><div class="block-title filter-title"><strong data-role="title">Select a category</strong></div><div class="block-content filter-content content"><strong role="heading" aria-level="2" class="subtitle block-subtitle filter-subtitle">Narrow By:</strong> <div class="options filter-options collapsible-menu" id="narrow-by-list2"><div class="filter-options-item" data-role="collapsible" ><div data-role="title" class="filter-options-title gray-background">Categories</div><div class="filter-options-content" 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class="featured-content__wrapper"><div class="featured-content" data-content-type="products" data-appearance="carousel" data-autoplay="false" data-autoplay-speed="4000" data-infinite-loop="false" data-show-arrows="true" data-show-dots="false" data-carousel-mode="default" data-slides-to-show="4" data-slides-to-scroll="1" data-center-padding="90px" data-element="main" role="complementary"><div class="block-top-wrapper"><h2 class="block-title">You May Also Be Interested In...</h2><div class="widget-navigation"></div></div><div class="products-grid products wrapper"><ol class="product-items"> <li class="product-item"> <div class="product-item-info"><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/symptoms-and-signs-of-plant-health-problems" class="product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-27233-67b6499e1a3df"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" 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