About High Blood Pressure | High Blood Pressure

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<div class="cdc-mobile-navbar"> <div class="cdc-mobile-navbar__paging"> </div> <div class="cdc-mobile-navbar__links" tabindex="-1"> <a data-post-id="43" href="/high-blood-pressure/about/index.html" tabindex="0"> About </a> <a data-post-id="49" href="/high-blood-pressure/risk-factors/index.html" tabindex="0"> Risk Factors </a> <a data-post-id="48" href="/high-blood-pressure/prevention/index.html" tabindex="0"> Preventing </a> <a data-post-id="47" href="/high-blood-pressure/living-with/index.html" tabindex="0"> Managing High Blood Pressure </a> <a data-post-id="46" href="/high-blood-pressure/data-research/facts-stats/index.html" tabindex="0"> High Blood Pressure Facts </a> <a data-post-id="55" href="/high-blood-pressure/measure/index.html" tabindex="0"> Measure Your Blood Pressure </a> <a class="view-all" href="/high-blood-pressure/site.html"> View All </a> </div> </div> </header> <main class="container cdc-main" role="main" aria-label="Main Content Area"> <section class="cdc-page-title-bar cdc-page-offset noindex"> <time class="cdc-page-title-bar__item cdc-page-title-bar__item--date" datetime="2024-05-15 04:00:00"> May 15, 2024 </time> </section> <div class="cdc-page-title cdc-page-offset syndicate"> <h1>About High Blood Pressure</h1> </div> <div id="content" class="cdc-page-content cdc-page-offset syndicate container"> <div class="cdc-dfe-body "> <div class="cdc-dfe-body__top "> <div class="dfe-section dfe-section--page-summary summary-list" data-section="cdc_disease_basics_page_summary"> <div class="dfe-section__header"> <h2 class="editor-block--title" id="heading-a5bipdqdow">Key points</h2> </div> <div class="dfe-section__content"> <ul class="nested-list"> <li class="level-1">High blood pressure, also called hypertension, is blood pressure that is higher than normal.<ul> </ul> </li> <li class="level-1">High blood pressure usually has no warning signs or symptoms.<ul> </ul> </li> <li class="level-1">High blood pressure usually develops over time.<ul> </ul> </li> </ul> <div class="dfe-section__nav hide" id="dfe-section__nav"> <div class="dfe-section__nav__header" id="dfe-section__nav__header"> </div> <div class="dfe-section__nav-links" id="dfe-section__nav-links"> </div> </div> </div> <div id="nav-buttons"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="cdc-dfe-body__center "> <div class="dfe-section" data-section="cdc_disease_basics_overview"> <a class="onThisPageAnchor" id="cdc_disease_basics_overview-definition-of-blood-pressure" name="<h2%20class=%22editor-block--title%22%20id=%22heading-hrkuy6jtks%22>Definition%20of%20blood%20pressure</h2>" title='<h2 class="editor-block--title" id="heading-hrkuy6jtks">Definition of blood pressure</h2>'></a><h2 class="editor-block--title" id="heading-hrkuy6jtks">Definition of blood pressure</h2> <p>Blood pressure is the pressure of blood pushing against the walls of your arteries. Arteries carry blood from your heart to other parts of your body.</p> <h3 id="heading-tufkshmlxq">What are normal blood pressure numbers?</h3> <p>A normal blood pressure level is less than 120/80 mmHg.<span class="cdc-references-cite"><a class="cdc-references-cite__link" href="#cdcreference_1" aria-label="Reference link 1">1</a></span></p> <p>No matter your age, you can take steps each day to keep your <a href="/high-blood-pressure/prevention/index.html">blood pressure in a healthy range</a>.</p> <h3 id="heading-cbivdznmrh">What is high blood pressure (hypertension)?</h3> <p>High blood pressure, also called hypertension, is blood pressure that is higher than normal. Your blood pressure changes throughout the day based on your activities. Having blood pressure consistently above normal may result in a diagnosis of high blood pressure (or hypertension).</p> <p>The higher your blood pressure levels, the more risk you have for other health problems, such as <a href="/heart-disease/about/index.html" class="">heart disease</a>, <a href="/heart-disease/about/heart-attack.html" class="">heart attack</a>, and <a href="/stroke/about/index.html" class="">stroke</a>.</p> <figure class="dfe-image dfe-image__large"><div class="image-container calculated-ratio-16-9 aspect-ratio-16-9"><img src="/high-blood-pressure/images/BP-illustration.jpg" alt="When the heart pumps blood through the arteries, the blood puts pressure on the artery walls. This is known as blood pressure." title="BP-illustration"></div> <div class="dfe-image-caption-container"><figcaption class="dfe-image-caption" id="caption-118-66e9810ab9a1d">When the heart pumps blood through the arteries, the blood puts pressure on the artery walls. This is called blood pressure.</figcaption></div></figure> <p>Your health care team can diagnose high blood pressure. They can also make treatment decisions by reviewing your systolic (first number) and diastolic (second number) blood pressure levels and comparing them to guidelines.</p> <p>The guidelines used to diagnose high blood pressure may differ from one health care provider to another:</p> <ul class="nested-list"> <li class="level-1">Some health care professionals diagnose patients with high blood pressure if their blood pressure is consistently 140/90 mm Hg or higher.<span class="cdc-references-cite"><a class="cdc-references-cite__link" href="#cdcreference_2" aria-label="Reference link 2">2</a></span> This limit is based on a guideline released in 2003, as seen in the table below.<ul> </ul> </li> <li class="level-1">Other health care professionals diagnose patients with high blood pressure if their blood pressure is consistently 130/80 mm Hg or higher.<span class="cdc-references-cite"><a class="cdc-references-cite__link" href="#cdcreference_1" aria-label="Reference link 1">1</a></span> This limit is based on a guideline released in 2017, as seen in the table below.<ul> </ul> </li> </ul> <h4 id="heading-odbw3hpb6l">Blood pressure levels according to The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (2003 Guideline)<span class="cdc-references-cite"><a class="cdc-references-cite__link" href="#cdcreference_2" aria-label="Reference link 2">2</a></span></h4> <div class="dfe-block dfe-block--cdcmodule dfe-block--width-standard"><div class="dfe-block__inner"><div class="cdc-dfe-content-table"> <div class="cdc-content-table header-column" role="table" aria-label="table"> <div role="rowgroup"> <div class="row" role="row"> <div class="col-4"> <div role="cell"> <p>Normal</p> </div></div> <div class="col-8"> <div role="cell"> <p>systolic: less than 120 mm Hg<br> diastolic: less than 80 mm Hg</p> </div></div> </div> <div class="row" role="row"> <div class="col-4"> <div role="cell"> <p>At risk (prehypertension)</p> </div></div> <div class="col-8"> <div role="cell"> <p>systolic: 120–139 mm Hg<br> diastolic: 80–89 mm Hg</p> </div></div> </div> <div class="row" role="row"> <div class="col-4"> <div role="cell"> <p>High blood pressure (hypertension)</p> </div></div> <div class="col-8"> <div role="cell"> <p>systolic: 140 mm Hg or higher<br> diastolic: 90 mm Hg or higher</p> </div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div></div><h4 id="heading-zxdbzvyh5o">Blood pressure levels according to The American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults (2017 Guideline)<span class="cdc-references-cite"><a class="cdc-references-cite__link" href="#cdcreference_1" aria-label="Reference link 1">1</a></span></h4> <div class="dfe-block dfe-block--cdcmodule dfe-block--width-standard"><div class="dfe-block__inner"><div class="cdc-dfe-content-table"> <div class="cdc-content-table header-column" role="table" aria-label="table"> <div role="rowgroup"> <div class="row" role="row"> <div class="col-4"> <div role="cell"> <p>Normal</p> </div></div> <div class="col-8"> <div role="cell"> <p>systolic: less than 120 mm Hg<br> diastolic: less than 80 mm Hg</p> </div></div> </div> <div class="row" role="row"> <div class="col-4"> <div role="cell"> <p>Elevated</p> </div></div> <div class="col-8"> <div role="cell"> <p>systolic: 120–129 mm Hg<br> diastolic: less than 80 mm Hg</p> </div></div> </div> <div class="row" role="row"> <div class="col-4"> <div role="cell"> <p>High blood pressure (hypertension)</p> </div></div> <div class="col-8"> <div role="cell"> <p>systolic: 130 mm Hg or higher<br> diastolic: 80 mm Hg or higher</p> </div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div></div><p>If you are diagnosed with high blood pressure, talk with your health care team about your blood pressure levels and how these levels affect your treatment plan.</p> </div> <div class="dfe-section" data-section="cdc_disease_basics_symptoms"> <a class="onThisPageAnchor" id="cdc_disease_basics_symptoms-signs-and-symptoms" name="<h2%20class=%22editor-block--title%22%20id=%22heading-ryvhiiq-pj%22>Signs%20and%20symptoms</h2>" title='<h2 class="editor-block--title" id="heading-ryvhiiq-pj">Signs and symptoms</h2>'></a><h2 class="editor-block--title" id="heading-ryvhiiq-pj">Signs and symptoms</h2> <p>High blood pressure usually has no warning signs or symptoms, and many people do not know they have it. <a href="/high-blood-pressure/measure/index.html" class="">Measuring your blood pressure</a> is the only way to know whether you have high blood pressure.</p> </div> <div class="dfe-section" data-section="cdc_disease_basics_causes_risk_spread"> <a class="onThisPageAnchor" id="cdc_disease_basics_causes_risk_spread-causes" name="<h2%20class=%22editor-block--title%22%20id=%22heading-njuiae0k6s%22>Causes</h2>" title='<h2 class="editor-block--title" id="heading-njuiae0k6s">Causes</h2>'></a><h2 class="editor-block--title" id="heading-njuiae0k6s">Causes</h2> <p>High blood pressure usually develops over time. It can happen because of unhealthy lifestyle choices, such as not getting enough regular physical activity. <a href="/high-blood-pressure/risk-factors/index.html" class="">Certain health conditions</a>, such as diabetes and having obesity, can also increase the risk for developing high blood pressure. High blood pressure can also <a href="/high-blood-pressure/about/high-blood-pressure-during-pregnancy.html">happen during pregnancy</a>.</p> <figure class="dfe-image dfe-image__large"><div class="image-container calculated-ratio-16-9 aspect-ratio-16-9"><img src="/high-blood-pressure/images/hypertension-complications.jpg" alt="Hypertension complications: stroke, heart attack, kidney damage." title="Hypertension Complications"></div> <div class="dfe-image-caption-container"><figcaption class="dfe-image-caption" id="caption-131-66e9810abf19c">You can manage your blood pressure to lower your risk for serious health problems that may affect your heart, brain, kidneys, and eyes.</figcaption></div></figure> <h3 id="heading-kpxedui7g4">Potential problems having high blood pressure could cause</h3> <p>High blood pressure can damage your health in many ways. It can seriously hurt important organs like your heart, brain, kidneys, and eyes.</p> <p>The good news is that, in most cases, you can manage your blood pressure to lower your risk for serious health problems.</p> <h4 id="heading-c85nm505me">Heart attack and heart disease</h4> <p>High blood pressure can damage your arteries by making them less elastic. This decreases the flow of blood and oxygen to your heart and leads to <a href="/heart-disease/about/index.html" class="">heart disease</a>. In addition, decreased blood flow to the heart can cause:</p> <ul class="nested-list"> <li class="level-1">Chest pain, also called angina.<ul> </ul> </li> <li class="level-1"><a href="/heart-disease/about/heart-attack.html" class="">Heart attack</a>, which happens when the blood supply to your heart is blocked and heart muscle begins to die without enough oxygen. The longer the blood flow is blocked, the greater the damage to the heart.<ul> </ul> </li> <li class="level-1"><a href="/heart-disease/about/heart-failure.html" class="">Heart failure</a>, a condition that means your heart can't pump enough blood and oxygen to your other organs.<ul> </ul> </li> </ul> <h4 id="heading-2ib0cvxpp8">Stroke and brain problems</h4> <p>High blood pressure can cause the arteries that supply blood and oxygen to the brain to burst or be blocked, causing a <a href="/stroke/about/index.html" class="">stroke</a>. Brain cells die during a stroke because they do not get enough oxygen. Stroke can cause serious disabilities in speech, movement, and other basic activities. A stroke can cause death.</p> <p>Having high blood pressure, especially in midlife, is linked to having poorer cognitive function and dementia later in life. Learn more about the link between high blood pressure and dementia from the National Institutes of Health's <a href="https://www.mindyourrisks.nih.gov/" class="tp-link-policy" rel="noreferrer" data-domain-ext="gov">Mind Your Risks<sup>®</sup><span class="visually-hidden sr-only" aria-label=" external icon" role="img"></span><span class="cdc-icon-external cdc-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" alt="external icon"></span></a> campaign.</p> <h4 id="heading-hezkupz4io">Kidney disease</h4> <p>Adults with diabetes, high blood pressure, or both have a higher risk of developing chronic kidney disease than those without these conditions.</p> </div> <div class="dfe-section" data-section="cdc_disease_basics_prevention"> <a class="onThisPageAnchor" id="cdc_disease_basics_prevention-prevention" name="<h2%20class=%22editor-block--title%22%20id=%22heading-wmafmzmqn1%22>Prevention</h2>" title='<h2 class="editor-block--title" id="heading-wmafmzmqn1">Prevention</h2>'></a><h2 class="editor-block--title" id="heading-wmafmzmqn1">Prevention</h2> <p>Many people with high blood pressure can lower their blood pressure into a healthy range or keep their numbers in a healthy range by making <strong>lifestyle changes</strong>. Talk with your health care team about:</p> <ul class="nested-list"> <li class="level-1">Physical activity each week (about 30 minutes a day, 5 days a week)<ul> </ul> </li> <li class="level-1">Not smoking<ul> </ul> </li> <li class="level-1">Eating a healthy diet, including limiting sodium (salt) and alcohol<ul> </ul> </li> <li class="level-1">Keeping a healthy weight<ul> </ul> </li> <li class="level-1">Managing stress<ul> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>Learn more about ways to <a href="/high-blood-pressure/living-with/index.html" class="">manage</a> and <a href="/high-blood-pressure/prevention/index.html" class="">prevent</a> high blood pressure.</p> <p>In addition to making positive lifestyle changes, some people with high blood pressure need to<strong> take medicine </strong>to manage their blood pressure.</p> <p>Talk with your health care team right away if:</p> <ul class="nested-list"> <li class="level-1">You think you have high blood pressure.<ul> </ul> </li> <li class="level-1">If you've been told you have high blood pressure but do not have it under control.<ul> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>By taking action to lower your blood pressure, you can help protect yourself against heart disease and stroke, also called cardiovascular disease (CVD).</p> </div> </div> <div class="cdc-dfe-body__right page-right-rail"> <aside class="page-right-rail__static noindex" role="complementary"> <div class="on-this-page " data-sid=""> <h2 class="on-this-page__heading"> On This Page </h2> <div class="card-body"> <ul> <li><a href="#cdc_disease_basics_overview-definition-of-blood-pressure">Definition of blood pressure</a></li> <li><a href="#cdc_disease_basics_symptoms-signs-and-symptoms">Signs and symptoms</a></li> <li><a href="#cdc_disease_basics_causes_risk_spread-causes">Causes</a></li> <li><a href="#cdc_disease_basics_prevention-prevention">Prevention</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </aside> <aside class="page-right-rail__dynamic noindex" role="complementary"> <div data-related-nav></div> </aside> </div> </div> <div data-journey-next></div> <section class="container page-mobile-bar"> <time class="page-mobile-bar__item page-mobile-bar__item--date" datetime="2024-05-15 00:00:00"> May 15, 2024 </time> </section> <div class="page-content-sources noindex"> <div class="page-content-sources__header"> <a data-action="summary" class="collapsed" href="#content-sources" role="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="content-sources" data-cs-toggle="">Sources</a> <a data-action="print" href="#print" class="d-none d-md-block" aria-label="print this page" onclick="window.print()">Print</a> <a data-action="share" href="#share" data-bs-toggle="dropdown" aria-label="share this page" aria-expanded="false">Share</a> <div class="dropdown-menu page-share-bar" data-popper-placement="bottom-start"> <a href="#" class="page-share-facebook"><span class="cdc-icon-facebook"></span></a> <a href="#" class="page-share-linkedin"><span class="cdc-icon-linkedin"></span></a> <a href="#" class="page-share-twitter"><span class="cdc-icon-twitter"></span></a> <a href="#" class="page-share-syndication"><span class="cdc-icon-rss"></span></a> </div> </div> <div class="page-share-container"> <div class="page-share-popup" id="page-share-popup" role="dialog"> <a target="_blank" title="Share to Facebook" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="page-share-facebook metrics-share-facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov"> <span class="sr-only">Facebook</span> <span class="cdc-icon-facebook-inverse"></span> </a> <a target="_blank" title="Share to LinkedIn" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="page-share-linkedin metrics-share-linkedin" href="https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov&title=Living%20with%20High%20Blood%20Pressure"> <span class="sr-only">LinkedIn</span> <span class="cdc-icon-linkedin-inverse"></span> </a> <a target="_blank" title="Share to Twitter" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="page-share-twitter metrics-share-twitter" href="https://twitter.com/share?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov&text=Living%20with%20High%20Blood%20Pressure"> <span class="sr-only">Twitter</span> <span class="cdc-icon-twitter-inverse"></span> </a> <a target="_blank" title="Embed this Page" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="page-share-syndication metrics-share-syndicate" href="https://tools.cdc.gov/medialibrary/index.aspx#/sharecontent/https://https://www.cdc.gov/high-blood-pressure/about/index.html"> <span class="sr-only">Syndicate</span> <span class="fi cdc-icon-syndication-round"></span> </a> </div> </div> <div id="content-sources" class="page-content-sources__body accordion-collapse collapse"> <div class="callout callout-content-source" role="status"> <div class="callout-heading">Content Source:</div> <a class="cdc-block-link" href="https://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/">National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion</a>; <a class="cdc-block-link" href="/nccdphp/divisions-offices/about-the-division-for-heart-disease-and-stroke-prevention.html">About the Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention</a> </div> <div class="page-content-sources__section page-content-sources__section--references"><label for="page_references">References</label><ol id="page_references"><li id="cdcreference_1">Whelton PK, Carey RM, Aronow, WS, et al. 2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA guideline for the prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of high blood pressure in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. <em>J Am Coll Cardiol</em>. 2018;71(19):e127–e248.</li> <li id="cdcreference_2">National High Blood Pressure Education Program. <a href="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines/hypertension/express.pdf" target="_blank" class="tp-link-policy" rel="noreferrer" data-domain-ext="gov"><em>The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure</em> [PDF – 223K]<span aria-label=" pdf icon" role="img" class="sr-only"></span><span class="cdc-link-icon cdc-link-icon--pdf" aria-hidden="true"></span><span class="visually-hidden sr-only" aria-label=" external icon" role="img"></span><span class="cdc-icon-external cdc-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" alt="external icon"></span></a>. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; 2003.</li></ol></div> </div> </div> <section class="container related-pages related-pages__mobile"> <div data-related-nav-mobile></div> </section> </div> </main> <section class="site-footer container noindex"> <div class="row cdc-footer__inner"> <div class="col-lg-3 site-footer__heading"> <h2> <a href=""> <i class="cdc-icon cdc-fa-solid cdc-fa-house"></i> <span class="cdc-footer__super-title" aria-label="High Blood Pressure"> <a href="/high-blood-pressure/index.html"> High Blood Pressure </a> <i class="cdc-icon cdc-fa-light cdc-fa-angle-right"></i> </span> </a> </h2> <p>High blood pressure increases the risk for heart disease and stroke, two leading causes of death for Americans.</p> <a href="/high-blood-pressure/site.html" class="btn-outline__half btn btn-outline-white btn-arrow"> View All </a> </div> <div class="col-lg-8 offset-lg-1"> <div class="row site-footer__links"> <div class="col-md-6">  <h3 class="site-footer__links__header"> <a 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