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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Toward crisis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Toward_crisis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Insurrection" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Insurrection"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Insurrection</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Insurrection-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Insurrection subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Insurrection-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tuileries_defenses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tuileries_defenses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Tuileries defenses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tuileries_defenses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dislocation_of_the_defense" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dislocation_of_the_defense"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Dislocation of the defense</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dislocation_of_the_defense-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Assault_on_the_Tuileries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Assault_on_the_Tuileries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Assault on the Tuileries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Assault_on_the_Tuileries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Aftermath</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Aftermath subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Legislative_Assembly" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legislative_Assembly"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Legislative Assembly</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legislative_Assembly-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Social_changes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Social_changes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Social changes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Social_changes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Insurrection of 10 August 1792</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 30 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-30" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">30 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuileriensturm" title="Tuileriensturm – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Tuileriensturm" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AF_10_%D8%A3%D8%BA%D8%B3%D8%B7%D8%B3_1792" title="تمرد 10 أغسطس 1792 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تمرد 10 أغسطس 1792" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8A%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D1%82_10_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82_1792" title="Въстание от 10 август 1792 – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Въстание от 10 август 1792" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devezh_an_10_a_viz_Eost_1792" title="Devezh an 10 a viz Eost 1792 – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Devezh an 10 a viz Eost 1792" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Atok_na_Tuilerijsk%C3%BD_pal%C3%A1c" title="Útok na Tuilerijský palác – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Útok na Tuilerijský palác" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuileriensturm" title="Tuileriensturm – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tuileriensturm" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%97%CE%BC%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_10%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%91%CF%85%CE%B3%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_1792" title="Ημέρα της 10ης Αυγούστου 1792 – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ημέρα της 10ης Αυγούστου 1792" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jornada_del_10_de_agosto_de_1792" title="Jornada del 10 de agosto de 1792 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Jornada del 10 de agosto de 1792" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B4_%DB%B1%DB%B0_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AA_%DB%B1%DB%B7%DB%B9%DB%B2" title="شورش ۱۰ اوت ۱۷۹۲ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شورش ۱۰ اوت ۱۷۹۲" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journ%C3%A9e_du_10_ao%C3%BBt_1792" title="Journée du 10 août 1792 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Journée du 10 août 1792" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/8%EC%9B%94_10%EC%9D%BC_%EC%82%AC%EA%B1%B4" title="8월 10일 사건 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="8월 10일 사건" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemberontakan_10_Agustus_1792" title="Pemberontakan 10 Agustus 1792 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pemberontakan 10 Agustus 1792" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giornata_del_10_agosto_1792" title="Giornata del 10 agosto 1792 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Giornata del 10 agosto 1792" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%AA_10_%D7%91%D7%90%D7%95%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%98_1792" title="הפיכת 10 באוגוסט 1792 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הפיכת 10 באוגוסט 1792" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/10._August_1792" title="10. August 1792 – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="10. August 1792" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peristiwa_10_Ogos" title="Peristiwa 10 Ogos – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Peristiwa 10 Ogos" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bestorming_van_de_Tuilerie%C3%ABn" title="Bestorming van de Tuilerieën – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bestorming van de Tuilerieën" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/8%E6%9C%8810%E6%97%A5%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="8月10日事件 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="8月10日事件" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stormen_p%C3%A5_Tuileriene" title="Stormen på Tuileriene – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Stormen på Tuileriene" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/10_sierpnia_1792" title="10 sierpnia 1792 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="10 sierpnia 1792" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jornada_de_10_de_Agosto_de_1792" title="Jornada de 10 de Agosto de 1792 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Jornada de 10 de Agosto de 1792" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insurec%C8%9Bia_de_la_10_august_1792" title="Insurecția de la 10 august 1792 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Insurecția de la 10 august 1792" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_10_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0_1792_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Восстание 10 августа 1792 года – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Восстание 10 августа 1792 года" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_10._%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0_1792." title="Устанак 10. августа 1792. – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Устанак 10. августа 1792." data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ustanak_10._augusta_1792." title="Ustanak 10. augusta 1792. – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ustanak 10. augusta 1792." data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuileries%E2%80%99n_palatsin_valtaus" title="Tuileries’n palatsin valtaus – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tuileries’n palatsin valtaus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stormningen_av_Tuilerierna" title="Stormningen av Tuilerierna – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Stormningen av Tuilerierna" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/10_A%C4%9Fustos_1792_Ayaklanmas%C4%B1" title="10 Ağustos 1792 Ayaklanması – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="10 Ağustos 1792 Ayaklanması" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_10_%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BF%D0%BD%D1%8F_1792_%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83" title="Повстання 10 серпня 1792 року – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Повстання 10 серпня 1792 року" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E6%9C%88%E5%8D%81%E6%97%A5%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="八月十日事件 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="八月十日事件" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1154330#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Insurrection_of_10_August_1792" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Insurrection_of_10_August_1792" rel="discussion" 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Insurrection_of_10_August_1792&params=48_51_44_N_2_19_57_E_region:FR-75C_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">48°51′44″N</span> <span class="longitude">2°19′57″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">48.86222°N 2.33250°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">48.86222; 2.33250</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Storming of the Tuileries Palace in Paris during the French Revolution</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Insurrection of 10 August 1792</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tuileriensturm.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Tuileriensturm.jpg/280px-Tuileriensturm.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Tuileriensturm.jpg/420px-Tuileriensturm.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Tuileriensturm.jpg/560px-Tuileriensturm.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1967" data-file-height="1281" /></a></span><br /><i>Capture of the Tuileries Palace, 10 August 1792</i><br />by <a href="/wiki/Jean_Duplessis-Bertaux" title="Jean Duplessis-Bertaux">Jean Duplessis-Bertaux</a>, 1793</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>10 August 1792</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, France</div><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Insurrection_of_10_August_1792&params=48_51_44_N_2_19_57_E_region:FR-75C_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">48°51′44″N</span> <span class="longitude">2°19′57″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">48.86222°N 2.33250°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">48.86222; 2.33250</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> Republican victory</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_France_%281790%E2%80%931794%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_France_%281790%E2%80%931794%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_France_%281790%E2%80%931794%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_France_%281790%E2%80%931794%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_France_%281790%E2%80%931794%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_France_%281790%E2%80%931794%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Republicanism in France">Republicans</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg/23px-Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg/35px-Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg/45px-Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ancien_r%C3%A9gime" title="Ancien régime">Royalists</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Joseph_Santerre" title="Antoine Joseph Santerre">Antoine Santerre</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Joseph_Westermann" title="François Joseph Westermann">François Westermann</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Claude_Fournier_(revolutionary)" title="Claude Fournier (revolutionary)">Claude Fournier</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Louis_XVI" title="Louis XVI">Louis XVI</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Surrender_(military)" title="Surrendered"><img alt="Surrendered" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/White_flag_icon.svg/14px-White_flag_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/White_flag_icon.svg/21px-White_flag_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/White_flag_icon.svg/28px-White_flag_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="351" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Augustin-Joseph_de_Mailly" title="Augustin-Joseph de Mailly">Augustin de Mailly</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Karl_Josef_von_Bachmann" title="Karl Josef von Bachmann">Karl von Bachmann</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment" title="Executed"><img alt="Executed" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Skull_and_Crossbones.svg/14px-Skull_and_Crossbones.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Skull_and_Crossbones.svg/21px-Skull_and_Crossbones.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Skull_and_Crossbones.svg/28px-Skull_and_Crossbones.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="510" data-file-height="490" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 20,000</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 1,200</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 200–400 killed</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 300–600 killed<br />200 captured</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="border-top:1px dotted #aaa;"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap 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data-file-height="402" /></span></span></div></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Paris_department_land_cover_location_map.svg" title="File:Paris department land cover location map.svg">class=notpageimage| </a></div>Location within present-day Paris, France</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Paris</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:300px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:300px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:300px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:France_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Insurrection of 10 August 1792 is located in France"><img alt="Insurrection of 10 August 1792 is located in France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/France_relief_location_map.jpg/300px-France_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="288" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/France_relief_location_map.jpg/450px-France_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/France_relief_location_map.jpg/600px-France_relief_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1922" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:25.122%;left:51.472%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Insurrection of 10 August 1792"><img alt="Insurrection of 10 August 1792" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Insurrection of 10 August 1792 (France)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of France</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:300px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:300px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:300px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Insurrection of 10 August 1792 is located in Europe"><img alt="Insurrection of 10 August 1792 is located in Europe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg/300px-Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="257" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg/450px-Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg/600px-Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1580" data-file-height="1351" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:62.816%;left:24.824%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Insurrection of 10 August 1792"><img alt="Insurrection of 10 August 1792" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Insurrection of 10 August 1792 (Europe)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Europe</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>insurrection of 10 August 1792</b> was a defining event of the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a>, when armed revolutionaries in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, increasingly in conflict with the <a href="/wiki/Ancien_R%C3%A9gime" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancien Régime">French monarchy</a>, stormed the <a href="/wiki/Tuileries_Palace" title="Tuileries Palace">Tuileries Palace</a>. The conflict led France to <a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_the_abolition_of_the_monarchy" title="Proclamation of the abolition of the monarchy">abolish the monarchy</a> and establish a <a href="/wiki/French_First_Republic" title="French First Republic">republic</a>. </p><p>Conflict between King <a href="/wiki/Louis_XVI" title="Louis XVI">Louis XVI</a> and the country's new revolutionary <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_(France)" title="Legislative Assembly (France)">Legislative Assembly</a> increased through the spring and summer of 1792 as Louis vetoed radical measures voted upon by the Assembly. Tensions accelerated dramatically on 1 August when news reached Paris that the commander of the allied <a href="/wiki/Prussia" title="Prussia">Prussian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Habsburg_monarchy" title="Habsburg monarchy">Austrian</a> armies had issued the <a href="/wiki/Brunswick_Manifesto" title="Brunswick Manifesto">Brunswick Manifesto</a>, threatening "unforgettable vengeance" on Paris should harm be done to the French royal family. On 10 August, the <a href="/wiki/National_Guard_(France)" title="National Guard (France)">National Guard</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Commune_(French_Revolution)" class="mw-redirect" title="Paris Commune (French Revolution)">Paris Commune</a> and <i><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9r%C3%A9" title="Fédéré">fédérés</a></i> from <a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brittany" title="Brittany">Brittany</a> stormed the King's residence in the Tuileries Palace in Paris, which was defended by the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Guards" title="Swiss Guards">Swiss Guards</a>. Hundreds of Swiss guardsmen and 400 revolutionaries were killed in the battle,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKropotkin1929176"[In_the_Tuileries_palace],_others_of_the_Swiss,_commanded_by_the_officers_of_the_Court_and_posted_on_the_great_staircase_of_the_chief_entrance,_fired_upon_the_crowd,_and_in_a_few_minutes_four_hundred_of_the_assailants_lay_dead_in_heaps_at_the_foot_of_the_stairs._[...]_soon_the_Swiss,_under_the_furious_assault_of_the_people,_were_either_disarmed_or_massacred"_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKropotkin1929176"[In_the_Tuileries_palace],_others_of_the_Swiss,_commanded_by_the_officers_of_the_Court_and_posted_on_the_great_staircase_of_the_chief_entrance,_fired_upon_the_crowd,_and_in_a_few_minutes_four_hundred_of_the_assailants_lay_dead_in_heaps_at_the_foot_of_the_stairs._[...]_soon_the_Swiss,_under_the_furious_assault_of_the_people,_were_either_disarmed_or_massacred"-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Louis and the royal family took shelter with the Legislative Assembly. The formal end of the monarchy occurred six weeks later on 21 September as one of the first acts of the new <a href="/wiki/National_Convention" title="National Convention">National Convention</a>, which established a republic on the next day.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson1959315_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson1959315-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Insurrection" class="mw-redirect" title="Insurrection">insurrection</a> and its outcomes are most commonly referred to by historians of the Revolution simply as "the 10 August"; other common designations include "the day of the 10 August" (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">journée du 10 août</i>) or "the Second Revolution". </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_10_August_1792&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Demonstration_of_20_June_1792" title="Demonstration of 20 June 1792"><i>Journée</i> of 20 June 1792</a></div> <p>On 20 April 1792, France declared war against the <a href="/wiki/Francis_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor">King of Bohemia and Hungary</a> (<a href="/wiki/Habsburg_monarchy" title="Habsburg monarchy">Austria</a>). The <a href="/wiki/Campaigns_of_1792_in_the_French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="Campaigns of 1792 in the French Revolutionary Wars">initial battles were a disaster</a> for a <a href="/wiki/French_Revolutionary_Army" title="French Revolutionary Army">French army</a> partially disorganised by mutinies, <a href="/wiki/French_emigration_(1789%E2%80%931815)" title="French emigration (1789–1815)">emigration</a> of officers, and political change.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Prussia" title="Prussia">Prussia</a> then joined Austria in <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_First_Coalition" title="War of the First Coalition">active alliance against France</a>, eventually declaring war on France on 13 June. The blame for these opening setbacks was put upon the King and his ministers (the Austrian Committee), and after upon the <a href="/wiki/Girondins" title="Girondins">Girondin</a> party.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson1959267_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson1959267-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_(France)" title="Legislative Assembly (France)">Legislative Assembly</a> passed decrees sentencing any <a href="/wiki/Civil_Constitution_of_the_Clergy#Jurors_and_non-jurors" title="Civil Constitution of the Clergy">priest</a> denounced by twenty citizens to immediate deportation (27 May), dissolving the King's <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Guard" title="Constitutional Guard">Constitutional Guard</a>, incorrectly alleging that it was manned by aristocrats<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (29 May), and establishing in the vicinity of Paris a camp of 20,000 <i><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9r%C3%A9" title="Fédéré">fédérés</a></i> (8 June). The King vetoed the decrees and dismissed Girondists from the Ministry.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESoboul1974245_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESoboul1974245-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the King formed a new cabinet mostly of <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy" title="Constitutional monarchy">constitutional monarchists</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Feuillant_(political_group)" title="Feuillant (political group)">Feuillants</a></i>), this widened the breach between the King and the Assembly and the majority of the common people of Paris. These events happened on 16 June when <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_du_Motier,_marquis_de_Lafayette" class="mw-redirect" title="Gilbert du Motier, marquis de Lafayette">Lafayette</a> sent a letter to the Assembly, recommending suppression of "anarchists" and political clubs in the capital.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPfeiffer1913221_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPfeiffer1913221-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PeopleStormingTuileries.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/PeopleStormingTuileries.jpg/220px-PeopleStormingTuileries.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/PeopleStormingTuileries.jpg/330px-PeopleStormingTuileries.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/PeopleStormingTuileries.jpg/440px-PeopleStormingTuileries.jpg 2x" data-file-width="928" data-file-height="685" /></a><figcaption>Journée of 20 June 1792</figcaption></figure> <p>The King's veto of the Legislative Assembly's decrees was published on 19 June, one day before the third anniversary of the <a href="/wiki/Tennis_Court_Oath" title="Tennis Court Oath">Tennis Court Oath</a>, which had inaugurated the Revolution. The popular <a href="/wiki/Demonstration_of_20_June_1792" title="Demonstration of 20 June 1792"><i>journée</i> of 20 June 1792</a> was organized to put pressure on the King. Appearing before the crowd, the King put on the <i>bonnet rouge</i> of liberty and drank to the health of the nation, but refused to ratify decrees or to recall the ministers. The republican <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Paris" title="Mayor of Paris">mayor of Paris</a>, <a href="/wiki/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_P%C3%A9tion_de_Villeneuve" title="Jérôme Pétion de Villeneuve">Jérôme Pétion de Villeneuve</a>, was suspended by the Directory of the Seine <i>département</i> for having neglected to protect the <a href="/wiki/Tuileries_Palace" title="Tuileries Palace">Tuileries Palace</a> on 20 June. On 28 June, General Lafayette left his post with the army and appeared before the Assembly to call on the deputies to dissolve the <a href="/wiki/Jacobin_Club" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacobin Club">Jacobin Club</a> and punish those who were responsible for the demonstration of 20 June.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESoboul1974246_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESoboul1974246-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The deputies indicted the general for deserting his command. The King rejected all suggestions of escape from Lafayette, the man who had long presided over his imprisonment. The crowd burnt him in effigy at the <a href="/wiki/Palais-Royal" title="Palais-Royal">Palais-Royal</a>. There was no place for Lafayette beside the republican emblem, nor in the country which had adopted it. Within six weeks he was arrested whilst fleeing to England and placed in an Austrian prison.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson1959275_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson1959275-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lafayette failed because his views clashed with French national sentiment, and his passive leadership of French armies had given the Prussians time to finish their preparations and concentrate upon the <a href="/wiki/Rhine" title="Rhine">Rhine</a> undisturbed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMathiez1929159_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMathiez1929159-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> A decree of 2 July authorized National Guards, many of whom were already on their way to Paris, to come for the Federation ceremony. A decree of 5 July declared that in the event of danger to the nation all able-bodied men could be called to service and necessary arms requisitioned. Six days later the Assembly declared <i>la patrie est en danger</i> (the homeland is in danger).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHampson1988145_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHampson1988145-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Banners were placed in the public squares, with the words:<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Would you allow foreign hordes to spread like a destroying torrent over your countryside! That they ravage our harvest! That they devastate our fatherland through fire and murder! In a word, that they overcome you with chains dyed with the blood of those whom you hold the most dear... Citizens, the country is in danger!<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcPhee200296_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcPhee200296-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Toward_crisis">Toward crisis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_10_August_1792&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Toward crisis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 3 July <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Victurnien_Vergniaud" title="Pierre Victurnien Vergniaud">Pierre Vergniaud</a> gave a wider scope to the debate by uttering a threat against the King's person: "It is in the King's name that the French princes have tried to rouse all the courts of Europe against the nation, it is to avenge the dignity of the King that the <a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_Pillnitz" title="Declaration of Pillnitz">treaty of Pillnitz</a> was concluded and the monstrous alliance formed between the Courts of Vienna and Berlin; it is to defend the King that we have seen what were formerly companies of the Gardes du Corps hurrying to join the standard of rebellion in Germany; it is to come to the assistance of the King that the <i>émigrés</i> are soliciting and obtaining employment in the Austrian army and preparing to stab their fatherland to the heart... it is in the name of the King that liberty is being attacked... yet I read in the Constitution, chapter II, section i, article 6: <i>If the king place himself at the head of an army and turn its forces against the nation, or if he do not explicitly manifest his opposition to any such enterprise carried out in his name, he shall be considered to have abdicated his royal office.</i>" Vergniaud recalled the royal veto, the disorders it had caused in the provinces, and the deliberate inaction of the generals who had opened the way to invasion; and he implied it to the Assembly that Louis XVI came within the scope of this article of the Constitution. By this means he put the idea of deposing the King into the minds of the public. His speech was circulated by the Assembly through all the departments.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMathiez1929155_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMathiez1929155-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Evading the royal veto on an armed camp, the Assembly had invited National Guards from the provinces, on their way to the front, to come to Paris, ostensibly for 14 July celebrations. By mid-July the <i>fédérés</i> were petitioning the Assembly to dethrone the king. The <i>fédérés</i> were reluctant to leave Paris before a decisive blow had been struck, and the arrival on 25 July of 300 from <a href="/wiki/Brest,_France" title="Brest, France">Brest</a> and five days later of 500 <a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseillais</a>, who made the streets of Paris echo with <a href="/wiki/La_Marseillaise" title="La Marseillaise">the song</a> to which they gave their name, provided the revolutionaries with a formidable force.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHampson1988146_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHampson1988146-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i>fédérés</i> set up a central committee and a secret directory that included some of the Parisian leaders and to assure direct contact with the sections. A coordinating committee had been formed of one federal from each department. Within this body soon appeared a secret committee of five members. Vaugeois of Blois, Debesse of The Drome, Guillaume of Caen, and Simon of Strasbourg were names nearly unknown to history: but they were the creators of a movement that shook France<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. They met at <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Duplay" title="Maurice Duplay">Maurice Duplay</a>'s house in the <a href="/wiki/Rue_Saint-Honor%C3%A9" title="Rue Saint-Honoré">Rue Saint-Honoré</a>, where <a href="/wiki/Robespierre" class="mw-redirect" title="Robespierre">Robespierre</a> had his lodgings, in a room occupied by their fifth member, Antoine, the mayor of Metz. They conferred with a group of section leaders hardly better known than themselves—the journalists <a href="/wiki/Jean-Louis_Carra" title="Jean-Louis Carra">Carra</a> and <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Joseph_Gorsas" title="Antoine Joseph Gorsas">Gorsas</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles-Alexis_Alexandre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles-Alexis Alexandre (page does not exist)">Alexandre</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles-Alexis_Alexandre" class="extiw" title="fr:Charles-Alexis Alexandre">fr</a>]</span> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Claude_Fran%C3%A7ois_Lazowski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Claude François Lazowski (page does not exist)">Lazowski</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Fran%C3%A7ois_Lazowski" class="extiw" title="fr:Claude François Lazowski">fr</a>]</span> of the <i><a href="/wiki/Faubourg" title="Faubourg">Faubourg</a> Saint-Marceau</i>, <a href="/wiki/Claude_Fournier_(revolutionary)" title="Claude Fournier (revolutionary)">Fournier "the American"</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Joseph_Westermann" title="François Joseph Westermann">Westermann</a> (the only soldier among them), the baker Garin, <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Gaspard_Chaumette" title="Pierre Gaspard Chaumette">Anaxagore Chaumette</a> and <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Joseph_Santerre" title="Antoine Joseph Santerre">Antoine Santerre</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Faubourg_Saint-Antoine" title="Faubourg Saint-Antoine">Faubourg Saint-Antoine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson1959280_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson1959280-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Daily meetings were held by the individual sections, and on 25 July the assembly authorized continuous sessions for them. On the 27th Pétion, who had been reinstated as Paris mayor by the Assembly on 13 July, permitted a "correspondence office" to be set up in the <i><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_de_Ville,_Paris" title="Hôtel de Ville, Paris">Hôtel de Ville</a></i>. Not all sections opposed the King, but <a href="/wiki/Active_and_passive_citizens" class="mw-redirect" title="Active and passive citizens">passive citizens</a> joined them, and on the 30th the section of the <i>Théâtre Français</i> gave all its members the right to vote. At the section meetings, Jacobins and <i>sans-culottes</i> clashed with moderates and gradually gained the upper hand. On 30 July a decree admitted passive citizens to the National Guard.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELefebvre1962230_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELefebvre1962230-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 1 August came news of a manifesto signed by the <a href="/wiki/Charles_William_Ferdinand,_Duke_of_Brunswick" title="Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick">Duke of Brunswick</a>, threatening as it did summary justice on the people of Paris if Louis and his family were harmed: "they will wreak an exemplary and forever memorable vengeance, by giving up the city of Paris to a military execution, and total destruction, and the rebels guilty of assassinations, to the execution that they have merited."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcPhee200297_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcPhee200297-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This <a href="/wiki/Brunswick_Manifesto" title="Brunswick Manifesto">Brunswick Manifesto</a> became known in Paris on 1 August and heated the republican spirit to revolutionary fury.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELefebvre1962230_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELefebvre1962230-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Insurrection threatened to break out on the 26 July, again on the 30 July. It was postponed both times through the efforts of Pétion, who was to present the section petitions to the Assembly on 3 August. On 4 August, the section of the Quinze-Vingts, the Faubourg Saint-Antoine, gave the Legislative assembly an ultimatum: until 9 August to prove itself.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of the forty-eight sections of Paris, all but one concurred. Pétion informed the Legislative Assembly that the sections had "resumed their sovereignty" and that he had no power over the people other than that of persuasion. On 9 August the Assembly refused to indict Lafayette. That night the tocsin rang.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELefebvre1962231_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELefebvre1962231-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Insurrection">Insurrection</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_10_August_1792&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Insurrection"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Throughout the night of 9 August, the sections sat in consultation. At 11 o'clock the <i>Quinze-Vingts</i> section proposed that each section should appoint three of its members onto a body with instructions "to recommend immediate steps to save the state" (<i>sauver la chose publique</i>). During the night 28 sections answered this invitation. Their representatives constituted the Insurrectional Commune.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson1959286_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson1959286-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Jean-Louis_Carra" title="Jean-Louis Carra">Carra</a> and Chaumette went to the barracks of the Marseilles <i>fédérés</i> in the section of the Cordeliers, while Santerre roused the <i>Faubourg Saint-Antoine</i>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles-Alexis_Alexandre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles-Alexis Alexandre (page does not exist)">Alexandre</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles-Alexis_Alexandre" class="extiw" title="fr:Charles-Alexis Alexandre">fr</a>]</span> the <i>Faubourg Saint-Marceau</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMathiez1929159_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMathiez1929159-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The municipality was already in session. From midnight until three o'clock the next morning the old and new, the legal and the insurrectional communes, sat in adjoining rooms at the Town Hall (<i><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_de_Ville,_Paris" title="Hôtel de Ville, Paris">Hôtel de Ville</a></i>). The illegal body organized the attack on Tuileries. The legal body, by recalling the officer in charge of the troops at the Tuileries, disorganized its defense. Between six and seven in the morning this farcical situation was brought to an end. The Insurrectional Commune informed the municipal body, in a formally worded resolution, that they had decided upon its suspension; but they would retain the mayor (<a href="/wiki/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_P%C3%A9tion_de_Villeneuve" title="Jérôme Pétion de Villeneuve">Pétion</a>), the prosecutor (<a href="/wiki/Louis_Pierre_Manuel" title="Louis Pierre Manuel">Manuel</a>), the <i>deputy-prosecutor</i> (<a href="/wiki/Danton" class="mw-redirect" title="Danton">Danton</a>), and the administrators in their executive functions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson1959286_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson1959286-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The resolution stated that "When the People puts itself into a state of insurrection, it withdraws all powers and takes it to itself."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelin1926267_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelin1926267-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tuileries_defenses">Tuileries defenses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_10_August_1792&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Tuileries defenses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tuileries_palace_-_Turgot_-_1739.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Tuileries_palace_-_Turgot_-_1739.jpg/220px-Tuileries_palace_-_Turgot_-_1739.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Tuileries_palace_-_Turgot_-_1739.jpg/330px-Tuileries_palace_-_Turgot_-_1739.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Tuileries_palace_-_Turgot_-_1739.jpg/440px-Tuileries_palace_-_Turgot_-_1739.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1349" data-file-height="710" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Tuileries_Palace" title="Tuileries Palace">Tuileries Palace</a>, Louis XVI's residence at the time of the insurrection</figcaption></figure> <p>The King had failed to buy off the popular leaders. According to <a href="/wiki/Malouet" class="mw-redirect" title="Malouet">Malouet</a>, 37,000 <a href="/wiki/French_livre" title="French livre">livres</a> had been paid to Pétion and Santerre for worthless promises to stop the insurrection. He rejected the last-minute advice, not only of <a href="/wiki/Vergniaud" class="mw-redirect" title="Vergniaud">Vergniaud</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marguerite-%C3%89lie_Guadet" title="Marguerite-Élie Guadet">Guadet</a>, now alarmed by a turn of affairs they brought about and also of his loyal old minister <a href="/wiki/Guillaume-Chr%C3%A9tien_de_Lamoignon_de_Malesherbes" title="Guillaume-Chrétien de Lamoignon de Malesherbes">Malesherbes</a>, to abdicate the throne. He was determined to defend the Tuileries. His supporters had anticipated and prepared for the attack long beforehand, and were confident of success. A plan of defense, drawn up by a professional soldier, had been adopted by the Paris department on 25 June: for it was their official duty to safeguard the Executive Power. The palace was easy to defend. It was garrisoned by the only regular troops on either side—950 veteran <a href="/wiki/Swiss_mercenaries" title="Swiss mercenaries">Swiss mercenaries</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Guards" title="Swiss Guards">Swiss Guards</a> brought in from their barracks on the outskirts of Paris during the night of 9–10 August.<sup id="cite_ref-Bodin_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bodin-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Swiss were backed by 930 <i><a href="/wiki/Gendarmes" class="mw-redirect" title="Gendarmes">gendarmes</a></i>, 2,000 national guards, and 200–300 <i>Chevaliers de Saint Louis</i>, and other <a href="/wiki/Royalist_Volunteers" title="Royalist Volunteers">royalist volunteers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Five thousand men should have been an ample defense; though it appears that, by some oversight, they were seriously short of ammunition. Police spies reported to the commune that underground passages had been constructed by which additional troops could be secretly introduced from their barracks.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson1959286_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson1959286-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Marquis_de_Mandat" class="mw-redirect" title="Marquis de Mandat">Mandat</a>, the commander of the National Guard, was not very sure of his forces, but the tone of his orders was so resolute that it seemed to steady the troops. He had stationed some troops on the <a href="/wiki/Pont_Neuf" title="Pont Neuf">Pont Neuf</a> so as to prevent a junction between the insurgents on the two sides of the river, which could prevent any combined movement on their part.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelin1926267_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelin1926267-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dislocation_of_the_defense">Dislocation of the defense</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_10_August_1792&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Dislocation of the defense"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:De_mailly_et_louis_xvi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/De_mailly_et_louis_xvi.jpg/180px-De_mailly_et_louis_xvi.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/De_mailly_et_louis_xvi.jpg/270px-De_mailly_et_louis_xvi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/De_mailly_et_louis_xvi.jpg/360px-De_mailly_et_louis_xvi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2286" data-file-height="3357" /></a><figcaption>Louis XVI inspecting loyal troops</figcaption></figure> <p>Pétion, the mayor of Paris, <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Louis_Roederer" title="Pierre Louis Roederer">Roederer</a> the prosecutor of the Paris department, and Mandat, the commander of the National Guard and the officer in charge of the troops detailed for the defense of the Tuileries. Pétion professed that he had to come to defend the royal family; but at about 2 a.m., hearing himself threatened by a group of royalist gunners, he obeyed summons to the Parliament-house, reported that all precautions had been taken to keep the peace, and retired to the <i>Mairie</i>, where he was confined on the orders of the Insurrectional Commune. Roederer's first act was to assure the royal family that there would be no attack. His second act, when a series of bulletins from Blondel, the secretary of the department, made it clear that an attack was imminent, was to persuade Louis to abandon the defense of the palace and to put himself under the protection of the assembly. Mandat, after seeing to the defense of the palace, was persuaded by Roederer (in the third and fatal mistake of the Tuileries defense) to obey a treacherous summons from the Town Hall.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson1959287_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson1959287-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mandat knew nothing of the formation of the Insurrectional Commune, and thus he departed without any escort. He was put under arrest, and shortly after murdered. His command was transferred to Santerre.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelin1926267_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelin1926267-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At about 7 a.m. the head of the federal column was seen debouching on the back of the palace, there was no one to order the defense. Louis, sleepily reviewing his garrison, "in full dress, with his sword at his side, but with the powder falling out his hair," was greeted by some of the National Guards with cries of "<i>Vive la nation!</i>" and "<i>A bas le véto!</i>". Louis made no reply and went back to the Tuileries. Behind him, quarrels were breaking out in the ranks. The gunners declared they would not fire on their brethren.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelin1926267_21-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelin1926267-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hating violence, and dreading bloodshed, Louis listened willingly to Roederer's suggestion that he should abandon the defense of the palace. The Queen urged in vain that they should stay and fight. Before even a single shot had been fired, the royal family were in retreat across the gardens to the door of the Assembly. "Gentlemen," said the King, "I come here to avoid a great crime; I think I cannot be safer than with you." "Sire," replied <a href="/wiki/Vergniaud" class="mw-redirect" title="Vergniaud">Vergniaud</a>, who filled the chair, "you may rely on the firmness of the national assembly. Its members have sworn to die in maintaining the rights of the people, and the constituted authorities." The King then took his seat next to the president. But <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Chabot" title="François Chabot">François Chabot</a> reminded him that the assembly could not deliberate in the presence of the King, and Louis retired with his family and ministers into the reporter's box behind the president.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMignet1824287_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMignet1824287-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There, the King was given a seat and he listened, with his customary air of bland indifference, whilst the deputies discussed his fate. The Queen sat at the bar of the House, with the Dauphin on her knees.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson1959287_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson1959287-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Assault_on_the_Tuileries">Assault on the Tuileries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_10_August_1792&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Assault on the Tuileries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Si%C3%A8ge_des_Tuileries,_1792,_Mus%C3%A9e_de_la_R%C3%A9volution_fran%C3%A7aise_-_Vizille.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Si%C3%A8ge_des_Tuileries%2C_1792%2C_Mus%C3%A9e_de_la_R%C3%A9volution_fran%C3%A7aise_-_Vizille.jpg/220px-Si%C3%A8ge_des_Tuileries%2C_1792%2C_Mus%C3%A9e_de_la_R%C3%A9volution_fran%C3%A7aise_-_Vizille.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Si%C3%A8ge_des_Tuileries%2C_1792%2C_Mus%C3%A9e_de_la_R%C3%A9volution_fran%C3%A7aise_-_Vizille.jpg/330px-Si%C3%A8ge_des_Tuileries%2C_1792%2C_Mus%C3%A9e_de_la_R%C3%A9volution_fran%C3%A7aise_-_Vizille.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Si%C3%A8ge_des_Tuileries%2C_1792%2C_Mus%C3%A9e_de_la_R%C3%A9volution_fran%C3%A7aise_-_Vizille.jpg/440px-Si%C3%A8ge_des_Tuileries%2C_1792%2C_Mus%C3%A9e_de_la_R%C3%A9volution_fran%C3%A7aise_-_Vizille.jpg 2x" data-file-width="881" data-file-height="556" /></a><figcaption>Print of the Tuileries attack (<a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_de_la_R%C3%A9volution_fran%C3%A7aise" title="Musée de la Révolution française">Musée de la Révolution française</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p>The incentive for resistance fell away with the King's departure. The means of defense had been diminished by the departure of a detachment of National Guardsmen who escorted the royal family to the National Assembly. The <i>gendarmerie</i> left their posts, crying "Vive la nation!", and the National Guard's inclination began to move towards the insurgents. On the right bank of the river, the battalions of the <i>Faubourg Saint-Antoine</i>, and, on the left, those of the <i>Faubourg Saint-Marcel</i>, the Bretons, and the Marseilles <i>fédérés</i>, marched forth as freely as if going to parade. At many places that had been ordered guarded, no resistance was put up at all, like at the Arcade Saint-Jean, the passages of the bridges, alongside the quays, and in the court of the <a href="/wiki/Louvre" title="Louvre">Louvre</a>. An advance guard consisting of men, women, and children, all armed with cutters, cudgels, and pikes, spread over the abandoned Carrousel, and around eight o'clock the advance column, led by Westermann, was in front of the palace.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaine2011298_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaine2011298-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tuileries_Henri_Motte.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Tuileries_Henri_Motte.jpg/220px-Tuileries_Henri_Motte.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Tuileries_Henri_Motte.jpg/330px-Tuileries_Henri_Motte.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Tuileries_Henri_Motte.jpg/440px-Tuileries_Henri_Motte.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2586" data-file-height="1796" /></a><figcaption>Staircase faceoff.</figcaption></figure> <p>The assault on the palace began at eight o'clock in the morning. As per the King's orders, the regulars of the Swiss Guard had retired into the interior of the building, and the defense of the courtyard had been left to the National Guard. The Marseillais rushed in, fraternized with the gunners of the National Guard, reached the vestibule, ascended the grand staircase, and called on the Swiss Guard to surrender. "Surrender to the Nation!", shouted Westermann in German. "We should think ourselves dishonored!" was the reply.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelin1926270_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelin1926270-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "We are Swiss, the Swiss do not part with their arms but with their lives. We think that we do not merit such an insult. If the regiment is no longer wanted, let it be legally discharged. But we will not leave our post, nor will we let our arms be taken from us."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaine2011298_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaine2011298-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Swiss filled the windows of the château and stood motionless. The two bodies confronted each other for some time, without either of them making a definitive move. A few of the assailants advanced amicably, and, in what was taken by the revolutionaries to be a gesture of encouragement, some of the Swiss threw some cartridges from the windows as a token of peace. The insurgents penetrated as far as the vestibule, where they were met by a less friendly group of Swiss defenders of the palace, commanded by officers of the Court.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKropotkin1929176"But_here,_others_of_the_Swiss,_commanded_by_the_officers_of_the_Court_and_posted_on_the_great_staircase_of_the_chief_entrance..."_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKropotkin1929176"But_here,_others_of_the_Swiss,_commanded_by_the_officers_of_the_Court_and_posted_on_the_great_staircase_of_the_chief_entrance..."-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two bodies of troops remained facing each other on the staircase for forty-five minutes. A barrier separated them, and there the combat began; it is unknown which side took the initiative. <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMignet1824298_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMignet1824298-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Swiss, firing from above, cleaned out the vestibule and the courts, rushed down into the square and seized the cannon; the insurgents scattered out of range. The Marseillais, nevertheless, rallied behind the entrances of the houses on the Carrousel, threw cartridges into the courts of the small buildings and set them on fire. Then the Swiss attacked, stepped over the corpses, seized the cannon, recovered possession of the royal entrance, crossed the <a href="/wiki/Place_du_Carrousel" title="Place du Carrousel">Place du Carrousel</a>, and even carried off the guns drawn up there.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelin1926270_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelin1926270-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKropotkin1929176"[I]n_a_few_minutes_four_hundred_of_the_assailants_lay_dead_in_heaps_at_the_foot_of_the_stairs._This_shooting_decided_the_issue_of_the_day."_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKropotkin1929176"[I]n_a_few_minutes_four_hundred_of_the_assailants_lay_dead_in_heaps_at_the_foot_of_the_stairs._This_shooting_decided_the_issue_of_the_day."-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As at the <a href="/wiki/Storming_of_the_Bastille" title="Storming of the Bastille">Storming of the Bastille</a>, the cry of "Treachery!" went up. The attackers assumed that they had been drawn into a deliberate ambush and henceforth the Swiss were the subject of violent hatred on the part of <i>sans-culottes</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHampson1988147_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHampson1988147-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERude1972104_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERude1972104-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Louis_XVI_order_to_surrender_10_August_1792.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Louis_XVI_order_to_surrender_10_August_1792.jpg/220px-Louis_XVI_order_to_surrender_10_August_1792.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Louis_XVI_order_to_surrender_10_August_1792.jpg/330px-Louis_XVI_order_to_surrender_10_August_1792.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/89/Louis_XVI_order_to_surrender_10_August_1792.jpg 2x" data-file-width="361" data-file-height="206" /></a><figcaption>Louis XVI's order to surrender</figcaption></figure> <p>At that moment the battalions of the <i>Faubourg Saint-Antoine</i> arrived, and the reinforced insurgents pushed the Swiss back into the palace. Louis, hearing from the <i>manége</i> the sound of firing, wrote on a scrap of paper: "The King orders the Swiss to lay down their arms at once, and to retire to their barracks." To obey this order in the midst of heavy fighting meant almost certain death and the Swiss officers in command did not immediately act upon it. However, the position of the Swiss Guard soon became untenable as their ammunition ran low and casualties mounted. The King's note was then produced and the defenders were ordered to disengage. The main body of Swiss Guards fell back through the palace and retreated under fire through the <a href="/wiki/Tuileries_Garden" title="Tuileries Garden">Tuileries Garden</a> at the rear of the building. They were brought to a halt near the central Round Pond, broken into smaller groups and slaughtered.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some sought sanctuary in the Parliament House: about sixty were surrounded, taken as prisoners to the Hôtel de Ville, and put to death by the crowd there, beneath the statue of Louis XIV.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson1959288_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson1959288-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The victims of the massacre also included some of the male courtiers and members of the palace staff, although being less conspicuous than the red-coated Swiss Guards others were able to escape. No female members of the court seem to have been killed during the massacre. According to <a href="/wiki/Jeanne-Louise-Henriette_Campan" class="mw-redirect" title="Jeanne-Louise-Henriette Campan">Jeanne-Louise-Henriette Campan</a>, after the royal family left the palace only in the company of <a href="/wiki/Princess_Marie_Louise_of_Savoy" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Marie Louise of Savoy">Princess de Lamballe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Louise-%C3%89lisabeth_de_Cro%C3%BF_de_Tourzel" class="mw-redirect" title="Louise-Élisabeth de Croÿ de Tourzel">Madame de Tourzel</a>, the remaining ladies-in-waiting were gathered in a room in the queen's apartment, and when they were spotted, a man prevented an attack upon them by exclaiming, in the name of Pétion: "Spare the women! Don't disgrace the nation!"<sup id="cite_ref-Campan_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Campan-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (August 2020)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> As the queen's entire household was gathered in her apartment, this may also have included female servants. Campan also mentioned two maids outside of this room, neither of whom was killed despite a male member of the staff being murdered beside them.<sup id="cite_ref-Campan_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Campan-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (August 2020)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The ladies-in-waiting were, according to Campan, "escorted to prison."<sup id="cite_ref-Campan_35-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Campan-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (August 2020)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> This is more or less confirmed in the memoirs of <a href="/wiki/Pauline_de_Tourzel" title="Pauline de Tourzel">Pauline de Tourzel</a>, who states that when the mob entered the chamber where the ladies-in-waiting were gathered, the <a href="/wiki/Louise-Emmanuelle_de_Ch%C3%A2tillon,_Princesse_de_Tarente" class="mw-redirect" title="Louise-Emmanuelle de Châtillon, Princesse de Tarente">Princesse de Tarente</a> approached one of the rebels and asked for his protection for her colleagues Madame de Ginestous and Pauline de Tourzel, upon which he replied: "We do not fight with women; go, all of you, if you choose".<sup id="cite_ref-Hardy,_B._C._(Blanche_Christabel)_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hardy,_B._C._(Blanche_Christabel)-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following this example, the rest of the ladies-in-waiting departed the palace in about the same way,<sup id="cite_ref-Campan_35-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Campan-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (August 2020)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and all passed safely out.<sup id="cite_ref-Hardy,_B._C._(Blanche_Christabel)_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hardy,_B._C._(Blanche_Christabel)-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The total losses on the King's side were perhaps eight hundred. Out of the nine hundred Swiss on duty at the palace only about three hundred survived the fighting, and of these an estimated two hundred either died of their wounds in prison or during the <a href="/wiki/September_Massacres" title="September Massacres">September Massacres</a> that followed.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A further three hundred Swiss Guards had been sent to Normandy to escort grain convoys a few days before 10 August and escaped the massacre.<sup id="cite_ref-Bodin_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bodin-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The commander of all <a href="/wiki/Swiss_mercenaries" title="Swiss mercenaries">Swiss mercenaries</a> in French service, <a href="/wiki/Louis-Auguste-Augustin_d%27Affry" title="Louis-Auguste-Augustin d'Affry">Louis-Auguste-Augustin d'Affry</a>, who had been absent on 10 August due to illness, reported on 12 November that about 300 Swiss guardsmen had been killed at the Tuileries.<sup id="cite_ref-HDS_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HDS-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the side of the insurgents, three hundred and seventy-six were either killed or wounded. Eighty-three of these were <i>fédérés</i>, and two hundred and eighty-five members of these were the National Guard: common citizens from every branch of the trading and working classes of Paris, including hair-dressers, harness-makers, carpenters, joiners, house-painters, tailors, hatters, boot-makers, locksmiths, laundry-men, and domestic servants. Two female combatants were among the wounded.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson1959288_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson1959288-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_10_August_1792&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:10_aout_1792_Catacombes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/10_aout_1792_Catacombes.jpg/220px-10_aout_1792_Catacombes.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/10_aout_1792_Catacombes.jpg/330px-10_aout_1792_Catacombes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/10_aout_1792_Catacombes.jpg/440px-10_aout_1792_Catacombes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption>Plaque commemorating 10 August 1792 assault on the Tuileries, in the <a href="/wiki/Catacombs_of_Paris" title="Catacombs of Paris">Catacombs of Paris</a> where many of those killed have been buried.</figcaption></figure> <p>The crisis of the summer of 1792 was a major turning-point of the Revolution. By overthrowing the monarchy, the popular movement had effectively issued a challenge to the whole of Europe; internally, the declaration of war and overthrow of the monarchy radicalized the Revolution. If the Revolution was to survive it would have to call on all of the nation's reserves.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcPhee200298_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcPhee200298-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A second revolution had, indeed, occurred, ushering in <a href="/wiki/Universal_manhood_suffrage" title="Universal manhood suffrage">universal suffrage for men</a> and, in effect, a republic. However, it did not have the warm and virtually unanimous support that the nation had offered the first. Events since 1789 had brought difference and divisions: many had followed the <a href="/wiki/Refractory_clergy" title="Refractory clergy">refractory priests</a>; of those who remained loyal to the revolution some criticized 10 August while others stood by, fearing the day's aftermath. Those who had participated in the insurrection or who approved it were few in number, a minority resolved to crush counter-revolution by any means.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELefebvre1962234_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELefebvre1962234-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Among the Swiss Guards who survived the insurrection, up to 350 later enlisted in the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolutionary_Army" title="French Revolutionary Army">Revolutionary Army</a> of the <a href="/wiki/First_French_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="First French Republic">First French Republic</a>, while others joined the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_and_Royal_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic and Royal Army">counter-revolutionaries</a> in the <a href="/wiki/War_in_the_Vend%C3%A9e" title="War in the Vendée">War in the Vendée</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-HDS_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HDS-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1817, the <a href="/wiki/Tagsatzung" title="Tagsatzung">Swiss Federal Diet</a> awarded 389 of the survivors the commemorative medal <i>Treue und Ehre</i> (Loyalty and Honor).<sup id="cite_ref-HDS_38-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HDS-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legislative_Assembly">Legislative Assembly</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_10_August_1792&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Legislative Assembly"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_people_of_Paris_storm_the_Tuileries.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/The_people_of_Paris_storm_the_Tuileries.jpg/220px-The_people_of_Paris_storm_the_Tuileries.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/The_people_of_Paris_storm_the_Tuileries.jpg/330px-The_people_of_Paris_storm_the_Tuileries.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/The_people_of_Paris_storm_the_Tuileries.jpg/440px-The_people_of_Paris_storm_the_Tuileries.jpg 2x" data-file-width="498" data-file-height="347" /></a><figcaption>The insurgents at Legislative Assembly</figcaption></figure> <p>Over half of the Legislative Assembly's members fled and on the evening 10 August only 284 deputies were in their seats.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHampson1988148_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHampson1988148-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Assembly looked on anxiously at the vicissitudes of the struggle. So long as the issue was doubtful, Louis XVI was treated like a king. As soon as the insurrection was definitely victorious, the Assembly announced the suspension of the King. The King was placed under a strong guard. The Assembly would have liked to assign him the <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_Palace" title="Luxembourg Palace">Luxembourg Palace</a>, but the insurgent Commune demanded that he should be taken to the <a href="/wiki/Temple_(Paris)" class="mw-redirect" title="Temple (Paris)">Temple</a>, a smaller prison, which would be easier to guard.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMathiez1929159_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMathiez1929159-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>14 July had saved the Constitutional Assembly, 10 August passed sentence on the Legislative Assembly: the day's victors intended to dissolve the Assembly and keep power in their own hands. But because the new Commune, composed of unknowns, hesitated to alarm the provinces, the Girondins were kept and the Revolution was mired in compromise. The Assembly remained for the time being but recognized the Commune, increased through elections to 288 members. The Assembly appointed a provisional Executive Council and put <a href="/wiki/Gaspard_Monge" title="Gaspard Monge">Gaspard Monge</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Henri_H%C3%A9l%C3%A8ne_Marie_Lebrun-Tondu" title="Pierre Henri Hélène Marie Lebrun-Tondu">Pierre Henri Hélène Marie Lebrun-Tondu</a> on it, along with several former Girondin ministers. The Assembly voted that the Convention should be summoned and elected by universal suffrage to decide on the future organization of the State.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELefebvre1962238_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELefebvre1962238-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of its first acts was to abolish the monarchy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson1959315_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson1959315-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Social_changes">Social changes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_10_August_1792&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Social changes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With the fall of the Tuileries, the face of Parisian society underwent an abrupt change. The August insurrection greatly increased <a href="/wiki/Sans-culotte" class="mw-redirect" title="Sans-culotte">sans-culotte</a> influence in Paris. Whereas the old Commune had been predominantly middle class, the new one contained twice as many artisans as lawyers—and the latter were often obscure men, very different from the <a href="/wiki/Barrister" title="Barrister">barristers</a> of 1789. Moreover, the Commune itself was little more than "a sort of federal parliament in a federal republic of 48 states". It had only a tenuous control over the Sections, which began practicing the direct democracy of <a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau" title="Jean-Jacques Rousseau">Rousseau</a>. "Passive" citizens were admitted to meetings, <a href="/wiki/Justice_of_the_peace" title="Justice of the peace">justices of the peace</a> and police officers dismissed and the <i>assemblée générale</i> of the Section became, in some cases, a "people's court", while a new <i>comité de surveillance</i> hunted down <a href="/wiki/Counter-revolutionary" title="Counter-revolutionary">counter-revolutionaries</a>. For the Parisian nobility, it was 10 August 1792 rather than 14 July 1789 that marked the end of the ancien régime.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHampson1988148_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHampson1988148-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The victors of 10 August were concerned with establishing their dictatorship. The Commune silenced the opposition press, closed the toll gates, and seized a number of refractory priests and aristocratic notables. On 11 August the Legislative Assembly gave municipalities the authority to arrest suspects.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELefebvre1962235_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELefebvre1962235-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The volunteers were preparing to leave to the front and the rumours spread rapidly that their departure was to be the signal for prisoners to stage an uprising. The wave of executions in prisons followed, what later was known as <a href="/wiki/September_Massacres" title="September Massacres">The September Massacres</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESoboul1974262_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESoboul1974262-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="War">War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_10_August_1792&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Luzern_asv2022-10_L%C3%B6wendenkmal_img2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Luzern_asv2022-10_L%C3%B6wendenkmal_img2.jpg/220px-Luzern_asv2022-10_L%C3%B6wendenkmal_img2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Luzern_asv2022-10_L%C3%B6wendenkmal_img2.jpg/330px-Luzern_asv2022-10_L%C3%B6wendenkmal_img2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Luzern_asv2022-10_L%C3%B6wendenkmal_img2.jpg/440px-Luzern_asv2022-10_L%C3%B6wendenkmal_img2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5373" data-file-height="3582" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bertel_Thorvaldsen" title="Bertel Thorvaldsen">Bertel Thorvaldsen</a>: The <i><a href="/wiki/Lion_Monument" title="Lion Monument">Lion Monument</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/Lucerne" title="Lucerne">Lucerne</a> in memory of the Swiss Guards.<br />Text reads: HELVETIORUM FIDEI AC VIRTUTI (To the loyalty and bravery of the Swiss)</figcaption></figure> <p>To convince the revolutionaries that the insurrection of 10 August had decided nothing, the Prussian army crossed the French frontier on the 16th. A week later the powerful fortress of <a href="/wiki/Longwy" title="Longwy">Longwy</a> fell so quickly that <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Victurnien_Vergniaud" title="Pierre Victurnien Vergniaud">Vergniaud</a> declared it to "have been handed over to the enemy." By the end of the month the Prussians were at <a href="/wiki/Verdun" title="Verdun">Verdun</a>, the last fortress barring the road to Paris. In the capital, there was a well-justified belief that Verdun would offer no more than a token resistance. The war, which had appeared to bring the triumph of the Revolution, now seemed likely to lead it to disaster.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHampson1988151_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHampson1988151-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 2 September the alarm gun was fired and drums beat the citizens to their Sections again. The <a href="/wiki/City_walls_of_Paris" title="City walls of Paris">City walls of Paris</a> were plastered with <a href="/wiki/Military_recruitment" title="Military recruitment">recruiting posters</a> whose opening sentence, "To arms, citizens, the enemy is at our gates!" was taken literally by many readers. In the Assembly, Danton concluded the most famous of all his speeches: "De l'audace, encore de l'audace, toujours de l'audace, et la France est sauvée!" ("Audacity, and yet more audacity, and always audacity, and France will be saved!") Once more the sans-culottes responded and in the next three weeks, 20,000 marched from Paris for the defense of the Revolution.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHampson1988152_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHampson1988152-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_10_August_1792&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKropotkin1929176"[In_the_Tuileries_palace],_others_of_the_Swiss,_commanded_by_the_officers_of_the_Court_and_posted_on_the_great_staircase_of_the_chief_entrance,_fired_upon_the_crowd,_and_in_a_few_minutes_four_hundred_of_the_assailants_lay_dead_in_heaps_at_the_foot_of_the_stairs._[...]_soon_the_Swiss,_under_the_furious_assault_of_the_people,_were_either_disarmed_or_massacred"-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKropotkin1929176"[In_the_Tuileries_palace],_others_of_the_Swiss,_commanded_by_the_officers_of_the_Court_and_posted_on_the_great_staircase_of_the_chief_entrance,_fired_upon_the_crowd,_and_in_a_few_minutes_four_hundred_of_the_assailants_lay_dead_in_heaps_at_the_foot_of_the_stairs._[...]_soon_the_Swiss,_under_the_furious_assault_of_the_people,_were_either_disarmed_or_massacred"_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKropotkin1929">Kropotkin 1929</a>, p. 176, "[In the Tuileries palace], others of the Swiss, commanded by the officers of the Court and posted on the great staircase of the chief entrance, fired upon the crowd, and in a few minutes four hundred of the assailants lay dead in heaps at the foot of the stairs. [...] soon the Swiss, under the furious assault of the people, were either disarmed or massacred".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson1959315-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson1959315_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson1959315_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThompson1959">Thompson 1959</a>, p. 315.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCrowdy2003" class="citation book cs1">Crowdy, Terry (2003). <i>French Revolutionary Infantryman 1791–1802</i>. Bloomsbury. p. 16. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84176-552-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-84176-552-X"><bdi>1-84176-552-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=French+Revolutionary+Infantryman+1791%E2%80%931802&rft.pages=16&rft.pub=Bloomsbury&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=1-84176-552-X&rft.aulast=Crowdy&rft.aufirst=Terry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInsurrection+of+10+August+1792" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson1959267-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson1959267_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThompson1959">Thompson 1959</a>, p. 267.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Philip Mansel, p. 35 <i>Pillars of Monarchy. An Outline of the Political and Social History of Royal Guards 1400–1984</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7043-24245" title="Special:BookSources/0-7043-24245">0-7043-24245</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESoboul1974245-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESoboul1974245_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSoboul1974">Soboul 1974</a>, p. 245.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPfeiffer1913221-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPfeiffer1913221_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPfeiffer1913">Pfeiffer 1913</a>, p. 221.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESoboul1974246-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESoboul1974246_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSoboul1974">Soboul 1974</a>, p. 246.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson1959275-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson1959275_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThompson1959">Thompson 1959</a>, p. 275.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMathiez1929159-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMathiez1929159_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMathiez1929159_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMathiez1929159_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMathiez1929">Mathiez 1929</a>, p. 159.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHampson1988145-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHampson1988145_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHampson1988">Hampson 1988</a>, p. 145.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcPhee200296-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcPhee200296_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcPhee2002">McPhee 2002</a>, p. 96.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMathiez1929155-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMathiez1929155_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMathiez1929">Mathiez 1929</a>, p. 155.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHampson1988146-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHampson1988146_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHampson1988">Hampson 1988</a>, p. 146.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson1959280-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson1959280_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThompson1959">Thompson 1959</a>, p. 280.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELefebvre1962230-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELefebvre1962230_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELefebvre1962230_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLefebvre1962">Lefebvre 1962</a>, p. 230.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcPhee200297-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcPhee200297_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcPhee2002">McPhee 2002</a>, p. 97.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Camille Bloch, ed., La Révolution Française, no. 27 (1894), 177–82</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELefebvre1962231-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELefebvre1962231_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLefebvre1962">Lefebvre 1962</a>, p. 231.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson1959286-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson1959286_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson1959286_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson1959286_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThompson1959">Thompson 1959</a>, p. 286.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelin1926267-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelin1926267_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelin1926267_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelin1926267_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelin1926267_21-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMadelin1926">Madelin 1926</a>, p. 267.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bodin-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bodin_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bodin_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBodin1988" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bodin, Jerome (1988). <i>Les Suisses au Service de la France</i> (in French). Albin Michel. p. 259. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-2260-3334-3" title="Special:BookSources/2-2260-3334-3"><bdi>2-2260-3334-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL2269296M">2269296M</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Les+Suisses+au+Service+de+la+France&rft.pages=259&rft.pub=Albin+Michel&rft.date=1988&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL2269296M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.isbn=2-2260-3334-3&rft.aulast=Bodin&rft.aufirst=Jerome&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInsurrection+of+10+August+1792" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">M. J. Sydenham (1965). <i>The French Revolution</i>, London, B.T. Batesford, p. 109 <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="Please supply an ISBN for this book.">ISBN missing</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson1959287-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson1959287_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson1959287_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThompson1959">Thompson 1959</a>, p. 287.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMignet1824287-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMignet1824287_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMignet1824">Mignet 1824</a>, p. 287.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETaine2011298-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaine2011298_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaine2011298_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTaine2011">Taine 2011</a>, p. 298.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadelin1926270-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelin1926270_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadelin1926270_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMadelin1926">Madelin 1926</a>, p. 270.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKropotkin1929176"But_here,_others_of_the_Swiss,_commanded_by_the_officers_of_the_Court_and_posted_on_the_great_staircase_of_the_chief_entrance..."-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKropotkin1929176"But_here,_others_of_the_Swiss,_commanded_by_the_officers_of_the_Court_and_posted_on_the_great_staircase_of_the_chief_entrance..."_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKropotkin1929">Kropotkin 1929</a>, p. 176, "But here, others of the Swiss, commanded by the officers of the Court and posted on the great staircase of the chief entrance...".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMignet1824298-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMignet1824298_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMignet1824">Mignet 1824</a>, p. 298.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKropotkin1929176"[I]n_a_few_minutes_four_hundred_of_the_assailants_lay_dead_in_heaps_at_the_foot_of_the_stairs._This_shooting_decided_the_issue_of_the_day."-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKropotkin1929176"[I]n_a_few_minutes_four_hundred_of_the_assailants_lay_dead_in_heaps_at_the_foot_of_the_stairs._This_shooting_decided_the_issue_of_the_day."_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKropotkin1929">Kropotkin 1929</a>, p. 176, "[I]n a few minutes four hundred of the assailants lay dead in heaps at the foot of the stairs. This shooting decided the issue of the day.".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHampson1988147-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHampson1988147_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHampson1988">Hampson 1988</a>, p. 147.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERude1972104-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERude1972104_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRude1972">Rude 1972</a>, p. 104.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">M.J. Sydenham, p. 111 <i>The French Revolution</i>, B.T. Batesford Ltd, London 1965 <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="Please supply an ISBN for this book.">ISBN missing</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson1959288-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson1959288_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson1959288_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThompson1959">Thompson 1959</a>, p. 288.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Campan-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Campan_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Campan_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Campan_35-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Campan_35-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Madame Campan, <i>Memoirs of the Court of Marie Antoinette, Queen of France</i>, Project Gutenberg</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hardy,_B._C._(Blanche_Christabel)-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hardy,_B._C._(Blanche_Christabel)_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hardy,_B._C._(Blanche_Christabel)_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hardy, B. C. (Blanche Christabel), <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/princessedelamba00harduoft/princessedelamba00harduoft_djvu.txt">The Princesse de Lamballe; a biography</a></i>, 1908, <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTozzi2016" class="citation book cs1">Tozzi, Christopher J. (2016). <i>Nationalizing France's Army</i>. University of Virginia Press. p. 80. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8139-3833-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8139-3833-2"><bdi>978-0-8139-3833-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nationalizing+France%27s+Army&rft.pages=80&rft.pub=University+of+Virginia+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0-8139-3833-2&rft.aulast=Tozzi&rft.aufirst=Christopher+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInsurrection+of+10+August+1792" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HDS-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HDS_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HDS_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HDS_38-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> Alain-Jacques Czouz-Tornare: <i>Massacre of the Tuileries</i> in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/d/D008916.php"><span title="Massacre of the Tuileries in German">German</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F008916.php"><span title="Massacre of the Tuileries in French">French</span></a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/i/I008916.php"><span title="Massacre of the Tuileries in Italian">Italian</span></a> in the online <i><a href="/wiki/Historical_Dictionary_of_Switzerland" title="Historical Dictionary of Switzerland">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></i>, 25 February 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcPhee200298-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcPhee200298_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcPhee2002">McPhee 2002</a>, p. 98.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELefebvre1962234-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELefebvre1962234_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLefebvre1962">Lefebvre 1962</a>, p. 234.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHampson1988148-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHampson1988148_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHampson1988148_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHampson1988">Hampson 1988</a>, p. 148.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELefebvre1962238-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELefebvre1962238_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLefebvre1962">Lefebvre 1962</a>, p. 238.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELefebvre1962235-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELefebvre1962235_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLefebvre1962">Lefebvre 1962</a>, p. 235.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESoboul1974262-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESoboul1974262_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSoboul1974">Soboul 1974</a>, p. 262.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHampson1988151-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHampson1988151_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHampson1988">Hampson 1988</a>, p. 151.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHampson1988152-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHampson1988152_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHampson1988">Hampson 1988</a>, p. 152.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_10_August_1792&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHampson1988" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Norman_Hampson" title="Norman Hampson">Hampson, Norman</a> (1988). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/socialhistoryoff0000hamp"><i>A Social History of the French Revolution</i></a></span>. Routledge: University of Toronto Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-710-06525-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-710-06525-6"><bdi>0-710-06525-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Social+History+of+the+French+Revolution&rft.place=Routledge&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0-710-06525-6&rft.aulast=Hampson&rft.aufirst=Norman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsocialhistoryoff0000hamp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInsurrection+of+10+August+1792" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKropotkin1929" class="citation book cs1">Kropotkin, Peter (1929). <i>The Great French Revolution 1789–1793</i>. Vol. I. New York: Vanguard Press. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL5222400M">5222400M</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Great+French+Revolution+1789%E2%80%931793&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Vanguard+Press&rft.date=1929&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL5222400M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.aulast=Kropotkin&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInsurrection+of+10+August+1792" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLefebvre1962" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Georges_Lefebvre" title="Georges Lefebvre">Lefebvre, Georges</a> (1962). <i>The French Revolution: From Its Origins to 1793</i>. Vol. I. New York: Columbia University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-231-08599-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-231-08599-0"><bdi>0-231-08599-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+French+Revolution%3A+From+Its+Origins+to+1793&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=1962&rft.isbn=0-231-08599-0&rft.aulast=Lefebvre&rft.aufirst=Georges&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInsurrection+of+10+August+1792" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMadelin1926" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Louis_Madelin" title="Louis Madelin">Madelin, Louis</a> (1926). <i>The French Revolution</i>. London: William Heinemann Ltd.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+French+Revolution&rft.place=London&rft.pub=William+Heinemann+Ltd.&rft.date=1926&rft.aulast=Madelin&rft.aufirst=Louis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInsurrection+of+10+August+1792" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMathiez1929" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Mathiez" title="Albert Mathiez">Mathiez, Albert</a> (1929). <i>The French Revolution</i>. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+French+Revolution&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Alfred+A.+Knopf&rft.date=1929&rft.aulast=Mathiez&rft.aufirst=Albert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInsurrection+of+10+August+1792" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcPhee2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_McPhee_(academic)" title="Peter McPhee (academic)">McPhee, Peter</a> (2002). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/frenchrevolution00mcph_0"><i>The French Revolution 1789–1799</i></a></span>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-199-24414-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-199-24414-6"><bdi>0-199-24414-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+French+Revolution+1789%E2%80%931799&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-199-24414-6&rft.aulast=McPhee&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffrenchrevolution00mcph_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInsurrection+of+10+August+1792" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMignet1824" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mignet" title="François Mignet">Mignet, François</a> (1824). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofthefren09602gut"><i>History of the French Revolution from 1789 to 1814</i></a>. Project Gutenberg eBook.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+French+Revolution+from+1789+to+1814&rft.pub=Project+Gutenberg+eBook&rft.date=1824&rft.aulast=Mignet&rft.aufirst=Fran%C3%A7ois&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofthefren09602gut&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInsurrection+of+10+August+1792" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPfeiffer1913" class="citation book cs1">Pfeiffer, L. B. (1913). <i>The Uprising of June 20, 1792</i>. Lincoln: New Era Printing Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Uprising+of+June+20%2C+1792&rft.place=Lincoln&rft.pub=New+Era+Printing+Company&rft.date=1913&rft.aulast=Pfeiffer&rft.aufirst=L.+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInsurrection+of+10+August+1792" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRude1972" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_Rud%C3%A9" title="George Rudé">Rude, George</a> (1972). <i>The Crowd in the French Revolution</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Crowd+in+the+French+Revolution&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1972&rft.aulast=Rude&rft.aufirst=George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInsurrection+of+10+August+1792" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSoboul1974" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Soboul" title="Albert Soboul">Soboul, Albert</a> (1974). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/frenchrevolution0000sobo"><i>The French Revolution: 1787–1799</i></a></span>. New York: Random House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-394-47392-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-394-47392-2"><bdi>0-394-47392-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+French+Revolution%3A+1787%E2%80%931799&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=0-394-47392-2&rft.aulast=Soboul&rft.aufirst=Albert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffrenchrevolution0000sobo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInsurrection+of+10+August+1792" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaine2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hippolyte_Taine" title="Hippolyte Taine">Taine, Hippolyte</a> (2011). <i>The Origins of Contemporary France, Volume 3</i>. Project Gutenberg eBook.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Origins+of+Contemporary+France%2C+Volume+3&rft.pub=Project+Gutenberg+eBook&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Taine&rft.aufirst=Hippolyte&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInsurrection+of+10+August+1792" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThompson1959" class="citation book cs1">Thompson, J. M. (1959). <i>The French Revolution</i>. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+French+Revolution&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Basil+Blackwell&rft.date=1959&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=J.+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInsurrection+of+10+August+1792" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Insurrection_of_10_August_1792&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output 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<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:10th_of_August_1792" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:10th of August 1792">10th of August 1792</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historyguide.org/intellect/august10.html">The document by which the National Assembly formally deposed Louis XVI and called for the Convention</a>, translated into English.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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title="Timeline of the French Revolution">Timeline</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ancien_R%C3%A9gime" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancien Régime">Ancien Régime</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">Revolution</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France_(1791%E2%80%9392)" title="Kingdom of France (1791–92)">Constitutional monarchy</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/French_First_Republic" title="French First Republic">Republic</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/French_Directory" title="French Directory">Directory</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/French_Consulate" title="French Consulate">Consulate</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_the_French_Revolution" title="Glossary of the French Revolution">Glossary</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_journals_appearing_under_the_French_Revolution" title="List of journals appearing under the French Revolution">Journals</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_de_la_R%C3%A9volution_fran%C3%A7aise" title="Musée de la Révolution française">Museum</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div id="Significant_civil_and_political_events_by_year5924" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Significant civil and political events by year</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1788</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Day_of_the_Tiles" title="Day of the Tiles">Day of the Tiles</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(7 Jun 1788)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Vizille" title="Assembly of Vizille">Assembly of Vizille</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(21 Jul 1788)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1789</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/What_Is_the_Third_Estate%3F" title="What Is the Third Estate?">What Is the Third Estate?</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Jan 1789)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9veillon_riots" title="Réveillon riots">Réveillon riots</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(28 Apr 1789)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estates_General_of_1789" title="Estates General of 1789">Convocation of the Estates General</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(5 May 1789)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Joseph,_Dauphin_of_France#Illness" title="Louis Joseph, Dauphin of France">Death of the Dauphin</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(4 June 1789)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(French_Revolution)" title="National Assembly (French Revolution)">National Assembly</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(17 Jun – 9 Jul 1790)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennis_Court_Oath" title="Tennis Court Oath">Tennis Court Oath</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(20 Jun 1789)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Constituent_Assembly_(France)" title="National Constituent Assembly (France)">National Constituent Assembly</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(9 Jul – 30 Sep 1791)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storming_of_the_Bastille" title="Storming of the Bastille">Storming of the Bastille</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(14 Jul 1789)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Fear" title="Great Fear">Great Fear</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(20 Jul – 5 Aug 1789)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abolition_of_feudalism_in_France" title="Abolition of feudalism in France">Abolition of Feudalism</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(4–11 Aug 1789)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen" title="Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen">Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(26 Aug 1789)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_March_on_Versailles" title="Women's March on Versailles">Women's March on Versailles</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(5 Oct 1789)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biens_nationaux" title="Biens nationaux">Nationalization of the Church properties</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2 Nov 1789)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1790</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parlement#Abolition" title="Parlement">Abolition of the Parlements</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Feb–Jul 1790)</span></li> <li>Abolition of the <a href="/wiki/French_nobility#The_abolition_of_privileges_during_the_French_Revolution" title="French nobility">Nobility</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(23 Jun 1790)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Constitution_of_the_Clergy" title="Civil Constitution of the Clergy">Civil Constitution of the Clergy</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(12 Jul 1790)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/F%C3%AAte_de_la_F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration" title="Fête de la Fédération">Fête de la Fédération</a></i> <small>(14 Jul 1790)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1791</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flight_to_Varennes" title="Flight to Varennes">Flight to Varennes</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(20–21 Jun 1791)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champ_de_Mars_massacre" title="Champ de Mars massacre">Champ de Mars massacre</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(17 Jul 1791)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_Pillnitz" title="Declaration of Pillnitz">Declaration of Pillnitz</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(27 Aug 1791)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Constitution_of_1791" title="French Constitution of 1791">The Constitution of 1791</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(3 Sep 1791)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_(France)" title="Legislative Assembly (France)">National Legislative Assembly</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1 Oct 1791 – Sep 1792)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1792</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_First_Coalition" title="War of the First Coalition">France declares war</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(20 Apr 1792)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunswick_Manifesto" title="Brunswick Manifesto">Brunswick Manifesto</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(25 Jul 1792)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Commune_(1789%E2%80%931795)" title="Paris Commune (1789–1795)">Paris Commune becomes insurrectionary</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Jun 1792)</span></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">10th of August</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(10 Aug 1792)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_Massacres" title="September Massacres">September Massacres</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Sep 1792)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Convention" title="National Convention">National Convention</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(20 Sep 1792 – 26 Oct 1795)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_First_Republic" title="French First Republic">First republic declared</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(22 Sep 1792)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1793</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Execution_of_Louis_XVI" title="Execution of Louis XVI">Execution of Louis XVI</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(21 Jan 1793)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Tribunal" title="Revolutionary Tribunal">Revolutionary Tribunal</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(9 Mar 1793 – 31 May 1795)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reign_of_Terror" title="Reign of Terror">Reign of Terror</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(27 Jun 1793 – 27 Jul 1794)</span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Committee_of_Public_Safety" title="Committee of Public Safety">Committee of Public Safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_of_General_Security" title="Committee of General Security">Committee of General Security</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurrection_of_31_May_%E2%80%93_2_June_1793" title="Insurrection of 31 May – 2 June 1793">Fall of the Girondists</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2 Jun 1793)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Marat#Death" title="Jean-Paul Marat">Assassination of Marat</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(13 Jul 1793)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lev%C3%A9e_en_masse" title="Levée en masse">Levée en masse</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(23 Aug 1793)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Death_of_Marat" title="The Death of Marat">The Death of Marat</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(painting)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Suspects" title="Law of Suspects">Law of Suspects</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(17 Sep 1793)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Antoinette#Trial_and_execution_(14–16_October_1793)" title="Marie Antoinette">Marie Antoinette is guillotined</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(16 Oct 1793)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dechristianization_of_France_during_the_French_Revolution#The_Revolution_and_the_Church" title="Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution">Anti-clerical laws</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(throughout the year)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1794</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Danton#Life" title="Georges Danton">Danton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Camille_Desmoulins#Trial_and_execution" title="Camille Desmoulins">Desmoulins guillotined</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(5 Apr 1794)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_22_Prairial" title="Law of 22 Prairial">Law of 22 Prairial</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(10 Jun 1794)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermidorian_Reaction" title="Thermidorian Reaction">Thermidorian Reaction</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(27 Jul 1794)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilien_Robespierre" title="Maximilien Robespierre">Robespierre</a> guillotined <span style="font-size:85%;">(28 Jul 1794)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_White_Terror" title="First White Terror">White Terror</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Fall 1794)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacobins#Fall_from_power" title="Jacobins">Closing of the Jacobin Club</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(11 Nov 1794)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1795–6</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Insurrection_of_12_Germinal_Year_III" title="Insurrection of 12 Germinal Year III">Insurrection of 12 Germinal Year III</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1 Apr 1795)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Year_III" title="Constitution of the Year III">Constitution of the Year III</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(22 Aug 1795)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Directory" title="French Directory">Directoire</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1795–99)</span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Five_Hundred" title="Council of Five Hundred">Council of Five Hundred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ancients" title="Council of Ancients">Council of Ancients</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/13_Vend%C3%A9miaire" title="13 Vendémiaire">13 Vendémiaire</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">5 Oct 1795</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_of_the_Equals" title="Conspiracy of the Equals">Conspiracy of the Equals</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(May 1796)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1797</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coup_of_18_Fructidor" title="Coup of 18 Fructidor">Coup of 18 Fructidor</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(4 Sep 1797)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Congress_of_Rastatt" title="Second Congress of Rastatt">Second Congress of Rastatt</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Dec 1797)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1798</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_22_Flor%C3%A9al_Year_VI" title="Law of 22 Floréal Year VI">Law of 22 Floréal Year VI</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(11 May 1798)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1799</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coup_of_30_Prairial_VII" title="Coup of 30 Prairial VII">Coup of 30 Prairial VII</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(18 Jun 1799)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coup_of_18_Brumaire" title="Coup of 18 Brumaire">Coup of 18 Brumaire</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(9 Nov 1799)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Year_VIII" title="Constitution of the Year VIII">Constitution of the Year VIII</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(24 Dec 1799)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Consulate" title="French Consulate">Consulate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div id="Revolutionary_campaigns6992" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Revolutionary campaigns</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Campaigns_of_1792_in_the_French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="Campaigns of 1792 in the French Revolutionary Wars">1792</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Verdun_(1792)" title="Battle of Verdun (1792)">Verdun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Thionville_(1792)" title="Siege of Thionville (1792)">Thionville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Valmy" title="Battle of Valmy">Valmy</a></li> <li>Royalist Revolts <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chouannerie" title="Chouannerie">Chouannerie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_the_Vend%C3%A9e" title="War in the Vendée">Vendée</a></li> <li>Dauphiné</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Column_of_the_Goddess" title="Column of the Goddess">Lille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Mainz_(1792)" title="Siege of Mainz (1792)">Siege of Mainz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jemappes" title="Battle of Jemappes">Jemappes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Namur_(1792)" title="Siege of Namur (1792)">Namur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Campaigns_of_1793_in_the_French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="Campaigns of 1793 in the French Revolutionary Wars">1793</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_First_Coalition" title="War of the First Coalition">First Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_the_Vend%C3%A9e" title="War in the Vendée">War in the Vendée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Neerwinden_(1793)" title="Battle of Neerwinden (1793)">Battle of Neerwinden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Famars" title="Battle of Famars">Battle of Famars</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(23 May 1793)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_expedition_to_Sardinia" title="French expedition to Sardinia">Expedition to Sardinia</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(21 Dec 1792 - 25 May 1793)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kaiserslautern" title="Battle of Kaiserslautern">Battle of Kaiserslautern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Mainz_(1793)" title="Siege of Mainz (1793)">Siege of Mainz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wattignies" title="Battle of Wattignies">Battle of Wattignies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hondschoote" title="Battle of Hondschoote">Battle of Hondschoote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Bellegarde_(1793)" title="Siege of Bellegarde (1793)">Siege of Bellegarde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Peyrestortes" title="Battle of Peyrestortes">Battle of Peyrestortes (Pyrenees)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Toulon" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Toulon">Siege of Toulon</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(18 Sep – 18 Dec 1793)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Wissembourg_(1793)" class="mw-redirect" title="First Battle of Wissembourg (1793)">First Battle of Wissembourg</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(13 Oct 1793)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Truillas" title="Battle of Truillas">Battle of Truillas (Pyrenees)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Wissembourg_(1793)" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Battle of Wissembourg (1793)">Second Battle of Wissembourg</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(26–27 Dec 1793)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Campaigns_of_1794_in_the_French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="Campaigns of 1794 in the French Revolutionary Wars">1794</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Villers-en-Cauchies" title="Battle of Villers-en-Cauchies">Battle of Villers-en-Cauchies</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(24 Apr 1794)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Boulou" title="Second Battle of Boulou">Second Battle of Boulou</a> (Pyrenees) <span style="font-size:85%;">(30 Apr – 1 May 1794)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tourcoing" title="Battle of Tourcoing">Battle of Tourcoing</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(18 May 1794)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tournay_(1794)" title="Battle of Tournay (1794)">Battle of Tournay</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(22 May 1794)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glorious_First_of_June" title="Glorious First of June">Glorious First of June</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1 Jun 1794)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fleurus_(1794)" title="Battle of Fleurus (1794)">Battle of Fleurus</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(26 Jun 1794)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chouannerie" title="Chouannerie">Chouannerie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aldenhoven_(1794)" title="Battle of Aldenhoven (1794)">Battle of Aldenhoven</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2 Oct 1794)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Luxembourg_(1794-95)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Luxembourg (1794-95)">Siege of Luxembourg</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(22 Nov 1794 - 7 Jun 1795)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Campaigns_of_1795_in_the_French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="Campaigns of 1795 in the French Revolutionary Wars">1795</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Luxembourg_(1794-95)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Luxembourg (1794-95)">Siege of Luxembourg</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(22 Nov 1794 - 7 Jun 1795)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Basel" title="Peace of Basel">Peace of Basel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Campaigns_of_1796_in_the_French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="Campaigns of 1796 in the French Revolutionary Wars">1796</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Campaign_of_1796%E2%80%931797" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Campaign of 1796–1797">Italian campaign</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1796)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lonato" title="Battle of Lonato">Battle of Lonato</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(3–4 Aug 1796)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Castiglione" title="Battle of Castiglione">Battle of Castiglione</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(5 Aug 1796)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Theiningen" title="Battle of Theiningen">Battle of Theiningen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Neresheim" title="Battle of Neresheim">Battle of Neresheim</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(11 Aug 1796)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Amberg" title="Battle of Amberg">Battle of Amberg</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(24 Aug 1796)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_W%C3%BCrzburg" title="Battle of Würzburg">Battle of Würzburg</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(3 Sep 1796)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rovereto" title="Battle of Rovereto">Battle of Rovereto</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(4 Sep 1796)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bassano" title="Battle of Bassano">First Battle of Bassano</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(8 Sep 1796)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Emmendingen" title="Battle of Emmendingen">Battle of Emmendingen</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(19 Oct 1796)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Schliengen" title="Battle of Schliengen">Battle of Schliengen</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(26 Oct 1796)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Bassano" title="Second Battle of Bassano">Second Battle of Bassano</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(6 Nov 1796)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Calliano" title="Battle of Calliano">Battle of Calliano</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(6–7 Nov 1796)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arcole" title="Battle of Arcole">Battle of Arcole</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(15–17 Nov 1796)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_expedition_to_Ireland_(1796)" title="French expedition to Ireland (1796)">Ireland expedition</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Dec 1796)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Campaigns_of_1797_in_the_French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="Campaigns of 1797 in the French Revolutionary Wars">1797</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Campaign_of_1796-1797" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Campaign of 1796-1797">Italian campaign</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1797)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_13_January_1797" title="Action of 13 January 1797">Naval Engagement off Brittany</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(13 Jan 1797)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rivoli" title="Battle of Rivoli">Battle of Rivoli</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(14–15 Jan 1797)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_25_January_1797" title="Action of 25 January 1797">Battle of the Bay of Cádiz</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(25 Jan 1797)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Leoben" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Leoben">Treaty of Leoben</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(17 Apr 1797)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Neuwied_(1797)" title="Battle of Neuwied (1797)">Battle of Neuwied</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(18 Apr 1797)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Campo_Formio" title="Treaty of Campo Formio">Treaty of Campo Formio</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(17 Oct 1797)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Campaigns_of_1798_in_the_French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="Campaigns of 1798 in the French Revolutionary Wars">1798</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_invasion_of_Switzerland" title="French invasion of Switzerland">French invasion of Switzerland</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(28 January – 17 May 1798)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_campaign_in_Egypt_and_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="French campaign in Egypt and Syria">French Invasion of Egypt</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1798–1801)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Rebellion_of_1798#French_landing" title="Irish Rebellion of 1798">Irish Rebellion of 1798</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(23 May – 23 Sep 1798)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quasi-War" title="Quasi-War">Quasi-War</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1798–1800)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peasants%27_War_(1798)" title="Peasants' War (1798)">Peasants' War</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(12 Oct – 5 Dec 1798)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Campaigns_of_1799_in_the_French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="Campaigns of 1799 in the French Revolutionary Wars">1799</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Second_Coalition" title="War of the Second Coalition">Second Coalition</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1798–1802)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Acre_(1799)" title="Siege of Acre (1799)">Siege of Acre</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(20 Mar – 21 May 1799)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ostrach" title="Battle of Ostrach">Battle of Ostrach</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(20–21 Mar 1799)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stockach_(1799)" title="Battle of Stockach (1799)">Battle of Stockach</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(25 Mar 1799)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Magnano" title="Battle of Magnano">Battle of Magnano</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(5 Apr 1799)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cassano_(1799)" title="Battle of Cassano (1799)">Battle of Cassano</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(27–28 Apr 1799)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Zurich" title="First Battle of Zurich">First Battle of Zurich</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(4–7 Jun 1799)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Trebbia_(1799)" title="Battle of Trebbia (1799)">Battle of Trebbia</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(17–20 Jun 1799)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Novi_(1799)" title="Battle of Novi (1799)">Battle of Novi</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(15 Aug 1799)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Zurich" title="Second Battle of Zurich">Second Battle of Zurich</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(25–26 Sep 1799)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Campaigns_of_1800_in_the_French_Revolutionary_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Campaigns of 1800 in the French Revolutionary Wars">1800</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Marengo" title="Battle of Marengo">Battle of Marengo</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(14 Jun 1800)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_of_Alessandria" title="Convention of Alessandria">Convention of Alessandria</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(15 Jun 1800)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hohenlinden" title="Battle of Hohenlinden">Battle of Hohenlinden</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(3 Dec 1800)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_League_of_Armed_Neutrality" title="Second League of Armed Neutrality">League of Armed Neutrality</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1800–02)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Campaigns_of_1801_in_the_French_Revolutionary_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Campaigns of 1801 in the French Revolutionary Wars">1801</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Lun%C3%A9ville" title="Treaty of Lunéville">Treaty of Lunéville</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(9 Feb 1801)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Florence" title="Treaty of Florence">Treaty of Florence</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(18 Mar 1801)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algeciras_campaign" title="Algeciras campaign">Algeciras campaign</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(8 Jul 1801)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1802</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Amiens" title="Treaty of Amiens">Treaty of Amiens</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(25 Mar 1802)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1802)" title="Treaty of Paris (1802)">Treaty of Paris</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(25 Jun 1802)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div id="Military_leaders7320" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Military leaders</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/French_First_Republic" title="French First Republic"><img alt="French First Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_France_official.svg/23px-Flag_of_France_official.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_France_official.svg/35px-Flag_of_France_official.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_France_official.svg/45px-Flag_of_France_official.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/French_First_Republic" title="French First Republic">France</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/French_Revolutionary_Army" title="French Revolutionary Army">French Army</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eustache_Charles_d%27Aoust" title="Eustache Charles d'Aoust">Eustache Charles d'Aoust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles-Pierre_Augereau" title="Charles-Pierre Augereau">Charles-Pierre Augereau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_de_Beauharnais" title="Alexandre de Beauharnais">Alexandre de Beauharnais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_XIV_John" title="Charles XIV John">Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Alexandre_Berthier" title="Louis-Alexandre Berthier">Louis-Alexandre Berthier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Bessi%C3%A8res" title="Jean-Baptiste Bessières">Jean-Baptiste Bessières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoléon Bonaparte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Brune" title="Guillaume Brune">Guillaume Brune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Fran%C3%A7ois_Carteaux" title="Jean François Carteaux">Jean François Carteaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-%C3%89tienne_Championnet" title="Jean-Étienne Championnet">Jean-Étienne Championnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Bertin_Gaston_Chapuis_de_Tourville" title="Charles Bertin Gaston Chapuis de Tourville">Chapuis de Tourville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Philippe,_Comte_de_Custine" title="Adam Philippe, Comte de Custine">Adam Philippe, Comte de Custine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Nicolas_Davout" title="Louis-Nicolas Davout">Louis-Nicolas Davout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Desaix" title="Louis Desaix">Louis Desaix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Fran%C3%A7ois_Dugommier" title="Jacques François Dugommier">Jacques François Dugommier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas-Alexandre_Dumas" title="Thomas-Alexandre Dumas">Thomas-Alexandre Dumas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Fran%C3%A7ois_Dumouriez" title="Charles François Dumouriez">Charles François Dumouriez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Marie_Barth%C3%A9lemy_Ferino" title="Pierre Marie Barthélemy Ferino">Pierre Marie Barthélemy Ferino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Charles_de_Flers" title="Louis-Charles de Flers">Louis-Charles de Flers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Grenier" title="Paul Grenier">Paul Grenier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_de_Grouchy,_marquis_de_Grouchy" title="Emmanuel de Grouchy, marquis de Grouchy">Emmanuel de Grouchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Maurice_Hatry" title="Jacques Maurice Hatry">Jacques Maurice Hatry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazare_Hoche" title="Lazare Hoche">Lazare Hoche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Jourdan" title="Jean-Baptiste Jourdan">Jean-Baptiste Jourdan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Christophe_de_Kellermann" title="François Christophe de Kellermann">François Christophe de Kellermann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Kl%C3%A9ber" title="Jean-Baptiste Kléber">Jean-Baptiste Kléber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Choderlos_de_Laclos" title="Pierre Choderlos de Laclos">Pierre Choderlos de Laclos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Lannes" title="Jean Lannes">Jean Lannes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Leclerc_(general,_born_1772)" title="Charles Leclerc (general, born 1772)">Charles Leclerc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Lecourbe" title="Claude Lecourbe">Claude Lecourbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Joseph_Lefebvre" title="François Joseph Lefebvre">François Joseph Lefebvre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Macdonald" title="Étienne Macdonald">Étienne Macdonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Antoine_Marbot" title="Jean-Antoine Marbot">Jean-Antoine Marbot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcellin_Marbot" title="Marcellin Marbot">Marcellin Marbot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_S%C3%A9verin_Marceau" title="François Séverin Marceau">François Séverin Marceau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auguste_de_Marmont" title="Auguste de Marmont">Auguste de Marmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Mass%C3%A9na" title="André Masséna">André Masséna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bon-Adrien_Jeannot_de_Moncey" title="Bon-Adrien Jeannot de Moncey">Bon-Adrien Jeannot de Moncey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Victor_Marie_Moreau" title="Jean Victor Marie Moreau">Jean Victor Marie Moreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Mortier,_Duke_of_Tr%C3%A9vise" class="mw-redirect" title="Édouard Mortier, Duke of Trévise">Édouard Mortier, Duke of Trévise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim_Murat" title="Joachim Murat">Joachim Murat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Ney" title="Michel Ney">Michel Ney</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre-Jacques_Osten&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre-Jacques Osten (page does not exist)">Pierre-Jacques Osten</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre-Jacques_Osten" class="extiw" title="fr:Pierre-Jacques Osten">fr</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Oudinot" title="Nicolas Oudinot">Nicolas Oudinot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine-Dominique_de_P%C3%A9rignon" title="Catherine-Dominique de Pérignon">Catherine-Dominique de Pérignon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Charles_Pichegru" title="Jean-Charles Pichegru">Jean-Charles Pichegru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Poniatowski" title="Józef Poniatowski">Józef Poniatowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurent_de_Gouvion_Saint-Cyr" title="Laurent de Gouvion Saint-Cyr">Laurent de Gouvion Saint-Cyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barth%C3%A9lemy_Louis_Joseph_Sch%C3%A9rer" title="Barthélemy Louis Joseph Schérer">Barthélemy Louis Joseph Schérer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Mathieu-Philibert_S%C3%A9rurier" title="Jean-Mathieu-Philibert Sérurier">Jean-Mathieu-Philibert Sérurier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Souham" title="Joseph Souham">Joseph Souham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-de-Dieu_Soult" title="Jean-de-Dieu Soult">Jean-de-Dieu Soult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Gabriel_Suchet" title="Louis-Gabriel Suchet">Louis-Gabriel Suchet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude-Henri_Belgrand_de_Vaubois" title="Claude-Henri Belgrand de Vaubois">Belgrand de Vaubois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude-Victor_Perrin" title="Claude-Victor Perrin">Claude Victor-Perrin, Duc de Belluno</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/French_Navy#18th_century" title="French Navy">French Navy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles-Alexandre_L%C3%A9on_Durand_Linois" title="Charles-Alexandre Léon Durand Linois">Charles-Alexandre Linois</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Coalition_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Coalition Wars">Opposition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire"><img alt="Austrian Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zsef_Alvinczi" title="József Alvinczi">József Alvinczi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Charles,_Duke_of_Teschen" title="Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen">Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_S%C3%A9bastien_Charles_Joseph_de_Croix,_Count_of_Clerfayt" title="François Sébastien Charles Joseph de Croix, Count of Clerfayt">Count of Clerfayt <span style="font-size:85%;">(Walloon)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Aloys_zu_F%C3%BCrstenberg" title="Karl Aloys zu Fürstenberg">Karl Aloys zu Fürstenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Freiherr_von_Hotze" title="Friedrich Freiherr von Hotze">Friedrich Freiherr von Hotze <span style="font-size:85%;">(Swiss)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Adolf,_Count_von_Kalckreuth" title="Friedrich Adolf, Count von Kalckreuth">Friedrich Adolf, Count von Kalckreuth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Kray" title="Paul Kray">Pál Kray <span style="font-size:85%;">(Hungarian)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Eugene,_Prince_of_Lambesc" title="Charles Eugene, Prince of Lambesc">Charles Eugene, Prince of Lambesc <span style="font-size:85%;">(French)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_Anton_Karl,_Count_Baillet_de_Latour" title="Maximilian Anton Karl, Count Baillet de Latour">Maximilian Baillet de Latour <span style="font-size:85%;">(Walloon)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Mack_von_Leiberich" title="Karl Mack von Leiberich">Karl Mack von Leiberich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Ritter_von_Otto" title="Rudolf Ritter von Otto">Rudolf Ritter von Otto <span style="font-size:85%;">(Saxon)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Josias_of_Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld" title="Prince Josias of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld">Prince Josias of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Vitus_von_Quosdanovich" title="Peter Vitus von Quosdanovich">Peter Vitus von Quosdanovich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Heinrich_XV_of_Reuss-Plauen" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince Heinrich XV of Reuss-Plauen">Prince Heinrich XV of Reuss-Plauen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_M%C3%A9sz%C3%A1ros_von_Szoboszl%C3%B3" title="Johann Mészáros von Szoboszló">Johann Mészáros von Szoboszló <span style="font-size:85%;">(Hungarian)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Philipp_Sebottendorf" title="Karl Philipp Sebottendorf">Karl Philipp Sebottendorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dagobert_Sigmund_von_Wurmser" title="Dagobert Sigmund von Wurmser">Dagobert von Wurmser</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain"><img alt="Kingdom of Great Britain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Great_Britain_%281707%E2%80%931800%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Britain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sir" title="Sir">Sir</a> <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Abercromby" title="Ralph Abercromby">Ralph Abercromby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Saumarez,_1st_Baron_de_Saumarez" title="James Saumarez, 1st Baron de Saumarez">James Saumarez, 1st Baron de Saumarez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Pellew,_1st_Viscount_Exmouth" title="Edward Pellew, 1st Viscount Exmouth">Edward Pellew, 1st Viscount Exmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Frederick,_Duke_of_York_and_Albany" title="Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany">Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic"><img alt="Dutch Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Statenvlag.svg/23px-Statenvlag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Statenvlag.svg/35px-Statenvlag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Statenvlag.svg/45px-Statenvlag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic">Netherlands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_V,_Prince_of_Orange" title="William V, Prince of Orange">William V, Prince of Orange</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia"><img alt="Kingdom of Prussia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia">Prussia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_William_Ferdinand,_Duke_of_Brunswick" title="Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick">Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Louis,_Prince_of_Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick Louis, Prince of Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen">Frederick Louis, Prince of Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire"><img alt="Russian Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Korsakov" title="Alexander Korsakov">Alexander Korsakov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Suvorov" title="Alexander Suvorov">Alexander Suvorov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Rosenberg" title="Andrei Rosenberg">Andrei Rosenberg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/History_of_Spain_(1700%E2%80%931810)#Charles_IV,_decline_and_fall_(1788–1808)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Spain (1700–1810)">Spain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Firm%C3%ADn_de_Carvajal,_Conde_de_la_Uni%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Luis Firmín de Carvajal, Conde de la Unión">Luis Firmin de Carvajal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Ricardos" title="Antonio Ricardos">Antonio Ricardos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div id="Other_significant_figures_and_factions5821" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other significant figures and factions</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Patriotic_Society_of_1789" title="Patriotic Society of 1789">Patriotic Society of 1789</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Sylvain_Bailly" title="Jean Sylvain Bailly">Jean Sylvain Bailly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_du_Motier,_Marquis_de_Lafayette" title="Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette">Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Alexandre_Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric,_duc_de_la_Rochefoucauld-Liancourt" class="mw-redirect" title="François Alexandre Frédéric, duc de la Rochefoucauld-Liancourt">François Alexandre Frédéric, duc de la Rochefoucauld-Liancourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Ren%C3%A9_Guy_le_Chapelier" title="Isaac René Guy le Chapelier">Isaac René Guy le Chapelier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honor%C3%A9_Gabriel_Riqueti,_comte_de_Mirabeau" title="Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau">Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Joseph_Siey%C3%A8s" title="Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès">Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Maurice_de_Talleyrand-P%C3%A9rigord" title="Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord">Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquis_de_Condorcet" title="Marquis de Condorcet">Nicolas de Condorcet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Feuillant_(political_group)" title="Feuillant (political group)">Feuillants</a><br />and <i><a href="/wiki/Club_de_Clichy" title="Club de Clichy">monarchiens</a></i></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grace_Elliott" title="Grace Elliott">Grace Elliott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnaud_II_de_La_Porte" title="Arnaud II de La Porte">Arnaud de La Porte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Sifrein_Maury" title="Jean-Sifrein Maury">Jean-Sifrein Maury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Marie,_marquis_de_Barth%C3%A9lemy" title="François-Marie, marquis de Barthélemy">François-Marie, marquis de Barthélemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillaume-Mathieu_Dumas" title="Guillaume-Mathieu Dumas">Guillaume-Mathieu Dumas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Barnave" title="Antoine Barnave">Antoine Barnave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_du_Motier,_Marquis_de_Lafayette" title="Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette">Lafayette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre-Th%C3%A9odore-Victor,_comte_de_Lameth" title="Alexandre-Théodore-Victor, comte de Lameth">Alexandre-Théodore-Victor, comte de Lameth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Malo_Fran%C3%A7ois_Lameth" title="Charles Malo François Lameth">Charles Malo François Lameth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Ch%C3%A9nier" title="André Chénier">André Chénier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Rewbell" title="Jean-François Rewbell">Jean-François Rewbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camille_Jordan_(politician)" title="Camille Jordan (politician)">Camille Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germaine_de_Sta%C3%ABl" title="Germaine de Staël">Madame de Staël</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Antoine_de_Boissy_d%27Anglas" title="François Antoine de Boissy d'Anglas">Boissy d'Anglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Charles_Pichegru" title="Jean-Charles Pichegru">Jean-Charles Pichegru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Paul_Royer-Collard" title="Pierre Paul Royer-Collard">Pierre Paul Royer-Collard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Bar%C3%A8re" title="Bertrand Barère">Bertrand Barère de Vieuzac</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Girondins" title="Girondins">Girondins</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Pierre_Brissot" title="Jacques Pierre Brissot">Jacques Pierre Brissot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Roland_de_la_Plati%C3%A8re" title="Jean-Marie Roland de la Platière">Jean-Marie Roland de la Platière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madame_Roland" title="Madame Roland">Madame Roland</a></li> <li>Father <a href="/wiki/Henri_Gr%C3%A9goire" title="Henri Grégoire">Henri Grégoire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Clavi%C3%A8re" title="Étienne Clavière">Étienne Clavière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquis_de_Condorcet" title="Marquis de Condorcet">Marquis de Condorcet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Corday" title="Charlotte Corday">Charlotte Corday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie-Jean_H%C3%A9rault_de_S%C3%A9chelles" title="Marie-Jean Hérault de Séchelles">Marie Jean Hérault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_Treilhard" title="Jean Baptiste Treilhard">Jean Baptiste Treilhard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Victurnien_Vergniaud" title="Pierre Victurnien Vergniaud">Pierre Victurnien Vergniaud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_P%C3%A9tion_de_Villeneuve" title="Jérôme Pétion de Villeneuve">Jérôme Pétion de Villeneuve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Debry" title="Jean Debry">Jean Debry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympe_de_Gouges" title="Olympe de Gouges">Olympe de Gouges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Robert_Lindet" title="Jean-Baptiste Robert Lindet">Jean-Baptiste Robert Lindet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Marie_de_La_R%C3%A9velli%C3%A8re-L%C3%A9peaux" title="Louis Marie de La Révellière-Lépeaux">Louis Marie de La Révellière-Lépeaux</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/The_Plain" title="The Plain">The Plain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Joseph_Siey%C3%A8s" title="Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès">Abbé Sieyès</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques-R%C3%A9gis_de_Cambac%C3%A9r%C3%A8s" title="Jean-Jacques-Régis de Cambacérès">de Cambacérès</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles-Fran%C3%A7ois_Lebrun" title="Charles-François Lebrun">Charles-François Lebrun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Joseph_Cambon" title="Pierre-Joseph Cambon">Pierre-Joseph Cambon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Bar%C3%A8re" title="Bertrand Barère">Bertrand Barère</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazare_Carnot" title="Lazare Carnot">Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Philippe_II,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orléans">Philippe Égalité</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Philippe_I" title="Louis Philippe I">Louis Philippe I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honor%C3%A9_Gabriel_Riqueti,_comte_de_Mirabeau" title="Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau">Mirabeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Christophe_Merlin" title="Antoine Christophe Merlin">Antoine Christophe Merlin de Thionville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Joseph_Mounier" title="Jean Joseph Mounier">Jean Joseph Mounier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Samuel_du_Pont_de_Nemours" title="Pierre Samuel du Pont de Nemours">Pierre Samuel du Pont de Nemours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Neufch%C3%A2teau" class="mw-redirect" title="François de Neufchâteau">François de Neufchâteau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/The_Mountain" title="The Mountain">Montagnards</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maximilien_Robespierre" title="Maximilien Robespierre">Maximilien Robespierre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Danton" title="Georges Danton">Georges Danton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Marat" title="Jean-Paul Marat">Jean-Paul Marat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camille_Desmoulins" title="Camille Desmoulins">Camille Desmoulins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Antoine_de_Saint-Just" title="Louis Antoine de Saint-Just">Louis Antoine de Saint-Just</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Barras" title="Paul Barras">Paul Barras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Philippe_I" title="Louis Philippe I">Louis Philippe I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Michel_le_Peletier,_marquis_de_Saint-Fargeau" title="Louis-Michel le Peletier, marquis de Saint-Fargeau">Louis Michel le Peletier de Saint-Fargeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques-Louis_David" title="Jacques-Louis David">Jacques-Louis David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquis_de_Sade" title="Marquis de Sade">Marquis de Sade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Couthon" title="Georges Couthon">Georges Couthon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Ducos" title="Roger Ducos">Roger Ducos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Collot_d%27Herbois" title="Jean-Marie Collot d'Herbois">Jean-Marie Collot d'Herbois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Henri_Voulland" title="Jean-Henri Voulland">Jean-Henri Voulland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe-Antoine_Merlin_de_Douai" title="Philippe-Antoine Merlin de Douai">Philippe-Antoine Merlin de Douai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Quentin_Fouquier-Tinville" title="Antoine Quentin Fouquier-Tinville">Antoine Quentin Fouquier-Tinville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe-Fran%C3%A7ois-Joseph_Le_Bas" title="Philippe-François-Joseph Le Bas">Philippe-François-Joseph Le Bas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc-Guillaume_Alexis_Vadier" title="Marc-Guillaume Alexis Vadier">Marc-Guillaume Alexis Vadier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre-Andr%C3%A9_Amar" title="Jean-Pierre-André Amar">Jean-Pierre-André Amar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Antoine,_comte_Prieur-Duvernois" title="Claude Antoine, comte Prieur-Duvernois">Prieur de la Côte-d'Or</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Louis_Prieur" title="Pierre Louis Prieur">Prieur de la Marne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Romme" title="Gilbert Romme">Gilbert Romme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Bon_Saint-Andr%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean Bon Saint-André">Jean Bon Saint-André</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Lambert_Tallien" title="Jean-Lambert Tallien">Jean-Lambert Tallien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Louis_Prieur" title="Pierre Louis Prieur">Pierre Louis Prieur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Christophe_Saliceti" title="Antoine Christophe Saliceti">Antoine Christophe Saliceti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9bertists" title="Hébertists">Hébertists</a><br />and <i><a href="/wiki/Enrag%C3%A9s" title="Enragés">Enragés</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_H%C3%A9bert" title="Jacques Hébert">Jacques Hébert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques-Nicolas_Billaud-Varenne" title="Jacques-Nicolas Billaud-Varenne">Jacques-Nicolas Billaud-Varenne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Gaspard_Chaumette" title="Pierre Gaspard Chaumette">Pierre Gaspard Chaumette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles-Philippe_Ronsin" title="Charles-Philippe Ronsin">Charles-Philippe Ronsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine-Fran%C3%A7ois_Momoro" title="Antoine-François Momoro">Antoine-François Momoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Nicolas_Vincent" title="François-Nicolas Vincent">François-Nicolas Vincent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Chabot" title="François Chabot">François Chabot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_No%C3%ABl_Bouchotte" title="Jean Baptiste Noël Bouchotte">Jean Baptiste Noël Bouchotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste-Joseph_Gobel" title="Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Gobel">Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Gobel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Hanriot" title="François Hanriot">François Hanriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Roux" title="Jacques Roux">Jacques Roux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanislas-Marie_Maillard" title="Stanislas-Marie Maillard">Stanislas-Marie Maillard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles-Philippe_Ronsin" title="Charles-Philippe Ronsin">Charles-Philippe Ronsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Varlet" title="Jean-François Varlet">Jean-François Varlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Th%C3%A9ophile_Victor_Leclerc" title="Jean Théophile Victor Leclerc">Theophile Leclerc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claire_Lacombe" title="Claire Lacombe">Claire Lacombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pauline_L%C3%A9on" title="Pauline Léon">Pauline Léon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-No%C3%ABl_Babeuf" title="François-Noël Babeuf">Gracchus Babeuf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvain_Mar%C3%A9chal" title="Sylvain Maréchal">Sylvain Maréchal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_X_of_France" title="Charles X of France">Charles X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVI" title="Louis XVI">Louis XVI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVII" title="Louis XVII">Louis XVII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVIII" title="Louis XVIII">Louis XVIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Antoine,_Duke_of_Enghien" title="Louis Antoine, Duke of Enghien">Louis Antoine, Duke of Enghien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Henri,_Prince_of_Cond%C3%A9" title="Louis Henri, Prince of Condé">Louis Henri, Prince of Condé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Joseph,_Prince_of_Cond%C3%A9" title="Louis Joseph, Prince of Condé">Louis Joseph, Prince of Condé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Antoinette" title="Marie Antoinette">Marie Antoinette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoléon Bonaparte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucien_Bonaparte" title="Lucien Bonaparte">Lucien Bonaparte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bonaparte" title="Joseph Bonaparte">Joseph Bonaparte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Fesch" title="Joseph Fesch">Joseph Fesch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9phine_de_Beauharnais" title="Joséphine de Beauharnais">Joséphine de Beauharnais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim_Murat" title="Joachim Murat">Joachim Murat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Sylvain_Bailly" title="Jean Sylvain Bailly">Jean Sylvain Bailly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques-Donatien_Le_Ray_de_Chaumont" title="Jacques-Donatien Le Ray de Chaumont">Jacques-Donatien Le Ray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillaume-Chr%C3%A9tien_de_Lamoignon_de_Malesherbes" title="Guillaume-Chrétien de Lamoignon de Malesherbes">Guillaume-Chrétien de Malesherbes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Maurice_de_Talleyrand-P%C3%A9rigord" title="Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord">Talleyrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9r%C3%A9sa_Tallien" title="Thérésa Tallien">Thérésa Tallien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gui-Jean-Baptiste_Target" title="Gui-Jean-Baptiste Target">Gui-Jean-Baptiste Target</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Th%C3%A9ot" title="Catherine Théot">Catherine Théot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_Louise_of_Savoy,_Princesse_de_Lamballe" title="Marie Thérèse Louise of Savoy, Princesse de Lamballe">Madame de Lamballe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madame_du_Barry" title="Madame du Barry">Madame du Barry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Auguste_Le_Tonnelier_de_Breteuil" title="Louis Auguste Le Tonnelier de Breteuil">Louis de Breteuil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Ren%C3%A9_de_Chateaubriand" title="François-René de Chateaubriand">de Chateaubriand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Chouan" title="Jean Chouan">Jean Chouan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Charles_de_Lom%C3%A9nie_de_Brienne" title="Étienne Charles de Loménie de Brienne">Loménie de Brienne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Alexandre_de_Calonne" title="Charles Alexandre de Calonne">Charles Alexandre de Calonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Necker" title="Jacques Necker">Jacques Necker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Duval_d%27Epr%C3%A9mesnil" title="Jean-Jacques Duval d'Eprémesnil">Jean-Jacques Duval d'Eprémesnil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_associated_with_the_French_Revolution" title="List of people associated with the French Revolution">List of people associated with the French Revolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Factions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacobins" title="Jacobins">Jacobins</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cordeliers" title="Cordeliers">Cordeliers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panth%C3%A9on_Club" title="Panthéon Club">Panthéon Club</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_the_Friends_of_Truth" title="Society of the Friends of Truth">Social Club</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div id="Influential_thinkers636" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Influential thinkers</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Les Lumières</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Beaumarchais" title="Pierre Beaumarchais">Beaumarchais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Burke" title="Edmund Burke">Edmund Burke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anacharsis_Cloots" title="Anacharsis Cloots">Anacharsis Cloots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles-Augustin_de_Coulomb" title="Charles-Augustin de Coulomb">Charles-Augustin de Coulomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Claude_Fran%C3%A7ois_Daunou" title="Pierre Claude François Daunou">Pierre Claude François Daunou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Diderot" title="Denis Diderot">Diderot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Benjamin Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Lavoisier" title="Antoine Lavoisier">Antoine Lavoisier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montesquieu" title="Montesquieu">Montesquieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Paine" title="Thomas Paine">Thomas Paine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau" title="Jean-Jacques Rousseau">Jean-Jacques Rousseau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Joseph_Siey%C3%A8s" title="Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès">Abbé Sieyès</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire">Voltaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Wollstonecraft" title="Mary Wollstonecraft">Mary Wollstonecraft</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div id="Cultural_impact1319" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Cultural impact</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/La_Marseillaise" title="La Marseillaise">La Marseillaise</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cockade_of_France" title="Cockade of France">Cockade of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_France" title="Flag of France">Flag of France</a></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Libert%C3%A9,_%C3%A9galit%C3%A9,_fraternit%C3%A9" title="Liberté, égalité, fraternité">Liberté, égalité, fraternité</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marianne" title="Marianne">Marianne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscadin" title="Muscadin">Muscadin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bastille_Day" title="Bastille Day">Bastille Day</a></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Panth%C3%A9on" title="Panthéon">Panthéon</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Republican_calendar" title="French Republican calendar">French Republican calendar</a></li> 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