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<span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Types</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Types-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Types subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Banded_iron_formations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Banded_iron_formations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Banded iron formations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Banded_iron_formations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Picture_jaspers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Picture_jaspers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Picture jaspers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Picture_jaspers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Basanite_and_other_types_of_touchstone" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Basanite_and_other_types_of_touchstone"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Basanite and other types of touchstone</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Basanite_and_other_types_of_touchstone-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Jasper</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 57 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-57" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">57 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D8%B4%D8%A8_(%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%B1)" title="يشب (حجر) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="يشب (حجر)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazpe" title="Gazpe – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Gazpe" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%C9%99%C5%9F%C9%99m" title="Yəşəm – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Yəşəm" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Яшма – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Яшма" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Яшма – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Яшма" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Яспис – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Яспис" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaspi" title="Jaspi – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Jaspi" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaspis" title="Jaspis – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jaspis" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaspis" title="Jaspis – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Jaspis" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaspis" title="Jaspis – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Jaspis" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaspe" title="Jaspe – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Jaspe" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaspo" title="Jaspo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Jaspo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaspe" title="Jaspe – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Jaspe" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%85" title="یشم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="یشم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaspe" title="Jaspe – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jaspe" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xaspe" title="Xaspe – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Xaspe" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B2%BD%EC%98%A5" title="벽옥 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="벽옥" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BA%D5%AB%D5%BD" title="Հասպիս – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հասպիս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaspo" title="Jaspo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Jaspo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badar_pati" title="Badar pati – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Badar pati" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaspis" title="Jaspis – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Jaspis" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diaspro" title="Diaspro – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Diaspro" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%94" title="ישפה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ישפה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D" title="ಜಾಸ್ಪರ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜಾಸ್ಪರ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98" title="იასპი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="იასპი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaspis" title="Jaspis – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Jaspis" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Яшма – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Яшма" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Яшма – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Яшма" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iaspis" title="Iaspis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Iaspis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ja%C5%A1ma" title="Jašma – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Jašma" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaspis" title="Jaspis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Jaspis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Јаспис – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Јаспис" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaspa" title="Jaspa – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Jaspa" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tecpacuihcuilli" title="Tecpacuihcuilli – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Tecpacuihcuilli" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaspis_(halfedelsteen)" title="Jaspis (halfedelsteen) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Jaspis (halfedelsteen)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A2%A7%E7%8E%89" title="碧玉 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="碧玉" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaspis" title="Jaspis – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Jaspis" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaspis" title="Jaspis – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Jaspis" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yashma" title="Yashma – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Yashma" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%B1" title="جیسپر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جیسپر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaspis" title="Jaspis – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jaspis" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaspe" title="Jaspe – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Jaspe" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ya%C5%9Fma" title="Yaşma – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Yaşma" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jasp" title="Jasp – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Jasp" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Яшма – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Яшма" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaspis" title="Jaspis – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Jaspis" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaspis" title="Jaspis – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Jaspis" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Јаспис – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Јаспис" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaspis" title="Jaspis – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jaspis" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaspis" title="Jaspis – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Jaspis" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="แจสเปอร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แจสเปอร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jasper_(ta%C5%9F)" title="Jasper (taş) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Jasper (taş)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Яшма – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Яшма" data-language-autonym="Українська" 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free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the mineral. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Jasper_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Jasper (disambiguation)">Jasper (disambiguation)</a>.</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Jaspis" redirects here. For the genus of sea sponges, see <a href="/wiki/Ancorinidae" title="Ancorinidae">Ancorinidae</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Chalcedony variety colored by iron oxide</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color:black; background-color: #8BAFDA">Jasper</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jasper_outcrop_in_the_Bucegi_Mountains.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Jasper_outcrop_in_the_Bucegi_Mountains.jpg/280px-Jasper_outcrop_in_the_Bucegi_Mountains.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Jasper_outcrop_in_the_Bucegi_Mountains.jpg/420px-Jasper_outcrop_in_the_Bucegi_Mountains.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Jasper_outcrop_in_the_Bucegi_Mountains.jpg/560px-Jasper_outcrop_in_the_Bucegi_Mountains.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Jasper outcrop, <a href="/wiki/Bucegi_Mountains,_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Bucegi Mountains, Romania">Bucegi Mountains, Romania</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:black; background-color: #8BAFDA">General</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Category</th><td class="infobox-data">Aggregate rock (impure <a href="/wiki/Chalcedony" title="Chalcedony">chalcedony</a> variety)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Chemical_formula" title="Chemical formula">Formula</a></th><td class="infobox-data">SiO<sub>2</sub> (with varying impurities)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Crystal_system" title="Crystal system">Crystal system</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Hexagonal</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:black; background-color: #8BAFDA">Identification</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Colour</th><td class="infobox-data">Most commonly red, but may be yellow, brown, green or (rarely) blue</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Cleavage_(crystal)" title="Cleavage (crystal)">Cleavage</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Indiscernible</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Mohs_scale_of_mineral_hardness" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohs scale of mineral hardness">Mohs scale</a> hardness</th><td class="infobox-data">6.5–7</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Lustre_(mineralogy)" title="Lustre (mineralogy)">Luster</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Vitreous</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency" title="Transparency and translucency">Diaphaneity</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Opaque</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Specific_gravity" class="mw-redirect" title="Specific gravity">Specific gravity</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2.5–2.9</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Refractive_index" title="Refractive index">Refractive index</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1.54–2.65</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Birefringence" title="Birefringence">Birefringence</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0.009</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Jasper</b>, an <a href="/wiki/Aggregate_(geology)" title="Aggregate (geology)">aggregate</a> of <a href="/wiki/Microgranular" title="Microgranular">microgranular</a> <a href="/wiki/Quartz" title="Quartz">quartz</a> and/or <a href="/wiki/Cryptocrystalline" title="Cryptocrystalline">cryptocrystalline</a> <a href="/wiki/Chalcedony" title="Chalcedony">chalcedony</a> and other mineral phases,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kostov_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kostov-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is an <a href="/wiki/Opacity_(optics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Opacity (optics)">opaque</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> impure variety of <a href="/wiki/Silicon_dioxide" title="Silicon dioxide">silica</a>, usually red, yellow, brown or green in color; and rarely blue. The common red color is due to <a href="/wiki/Iron#Chemistry_and_compounds" title="Iron">iron(III)</a> <a href="/wiki/Inclusion_(mineral)" title="Inclusion (mineral)">inclusions</a>. Jasper breaks with a smooth surface and is used for ornamentation or as a <a href="/wiki/Gemstone" title="Gemstone">gemstone</a>. It can be highly polished and is used for items such as vases, <a href="/wiki/Seal_(emblem)" title="Seal (emblem)">seals</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Decorative_box#Snuff_box" title="Decorative box">snuff boxes</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Density" title="Density">density</a> of jasper is typically 2.5 to 2.9 g/cm<sup>3</sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Jaspillite" title="Jaspillite">Jaspillite</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Banded_iron_formation" title="Banded iron formation">banded-iron-formation</a> rock that often has distinctive bands of jasper. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology_and_history">Etymology and history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jasper&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology and history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Egyptian_-_Finger_Ring_with_a_Representation_of_Ptah_-_Walters_42387_-_Side_A.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Egyptian_-_Finger_Ring_with_a_Representation_of_Ptah_-_Walters_42387_-_Side_A.jpg/250px-Egyptian_-_Finger_Ring_with_a_Representation_of_Ptah_-_Walters_42387_-_Side_A.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Egyptian_-_Finger_Ring_with_a_Representation_of_Ptah_-_Walters_42387_-_Side_A.jpg/330px-Egyptian_-_Finger_Ring_with_a_Representation_of_Ptah_-_Walters_42387_-_Side_A.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Egyptian_-_Finger_Ring_with_a_Representation_of_Ptah_-_Walters_42387_-_Side_A.jpg/500px-Egyptian_-_Finger_Ring_with_a_Representation_of_Ptah_-_Walters_42387_-_Side_A.jpg 2x" data-file-width="763" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption>Movable Egyptian ring in green jasper and gold, from 664 to 322 BC or later (Late Period),<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Walters_Art_Museum" title="Walters Art Museum">Walters Art Museum</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_jasper_amulet_HARGM7392.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Red_jasper_amulet_HARGM7392.JPG/170px-Red_jasper_amulet_HARGM7392.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Red_jasper_amulet_HARGM7392.JPG/255px-Red_jasper_amulet_HARGM7392.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Red_jasper_amulet_HARGM7392.JPG/340px-Red_jasper_amulet_HARGM7392.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2528" data-file-height="2672" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Amulet" title="Amulet">Amulet</a> of scarlet jasper, provenance unknown, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Pump_Room,_Harrogate" title="Royal Pump Room, Harrogate">Royal Pump Room, Harrogate</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Necklace_And_Pendant_(possibly_France),_ca._1870_(CH_18423329).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Necklace_And_Pendant_%28possibly_France%29%2C_ca._1870_%28CH_18423329%29.jpg/250px-Necklace_And_Pendant_%28possibly_France%29%2C_ca._1870_%28CH_18423329%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Necklace_And_Pendant_%28possibly_France%29%2C_ca._1870_%28CH_18423329%29.jpg/330px-Necklace_And_Pendant_%28possibly_France%29%2C_ca._1870_%28CH_18423329%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Necklace_And_Pendant_%28possibly_France%29%2C_ca._1870_%28CH_18423329%29.jpg/500px-Necklace_And_Pendant_%28possibly_France%29%2C_ca._1870_%28CH_18423329%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3795" data-file-height="3732" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Relief" title="Relief">Low-relief</a> sphinx pendant, red jasper, pearl and enamel, French, circa 1870</figcaption></figure> <p>The name means "spotted or speckled stone," and is derived via <a href="/wiki/Old_French" title="Old French">Old French</a> <span title="Old French (842-ca. 1400)-language text"><i lang="fro">jaspre</i></span> (variant of <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Norman_language" title="Anglo-Norman language">Anglo-Norman</a> <i>jaspe</i>) and <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">iaspidem</i></span> (nom. <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">iaspis</i></span>) from <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> <span class="texhtml">ἴασπις</span> <i>iaspis</i> (feminine noun),<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from an <a href="/wiki/Afroasiatic_languages" title="Afroasiatic languages">Afroasiatic language</a> (cf. <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a> <i><span title="Hebrew-language text"><span lang="he" dir="rtl">ישפה</span></span></i> <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">yashpeh</i></span>, <a href="/wiki/Akkadian_language" title="Akkadian language">Akkadian</a> <i>yashupu</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This Semitic etymology is believed to be unrelated to that of the English given name <a href="/wiki/Jasper_(given_name)" title="Jasper (given name)">Jasper</a>, which is of <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a> origin,<sup id="cite_ref-OxfordJasper_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OxfordJasper-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though the Persian word for the mineral jasper is also <i>yashum</i> (<a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%85" class="extiw" title="fa:یشم">یَشم</a>). </p><p>Green jasper was used to make <a href="/wiki/Bow_drill" title="Bow drill">bow drills</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mehrgarh" title="Mehrgarh">Mehrgarh</a> between 4th and <span class="nowrap">5th millennium BC.</span><sup id="cite_ref-Kulke&R._10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kulke&R.-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jasper is known to have been a favorite gem in the ancient world; its name can be traced back in <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>, Persian, Hebrew, Assyrian, Greek and <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On <a href="/wiki/Minoan_civilization" title="Minoan civilization">Minoan</a> <a href="/wiki/Crete" title="Crete">Crete</a>, jasper was carved to produce seals circa 1800 BC, as evidenced by archaeological recoveries at the palace of <a href="/wiki/Knossos" title="Knossos">Knossos</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although the term jasper is now restricted to opaque quartz, the ancient <i>iaspis</i> was a stone of considerable translucency including <a href="/wiki/Nephrite" title="Nephrite">nephrite</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kostov_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kostov-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The jasper of antiquity was in many cases distinctly green, for it is often compared to <a href="/wiki/Emerald" title="Emerald">emerald</a> and other green objects. Jasper is referred to in the <i><a href="/wiki/Nibelungenlied" title="Nibelungenlied">Nibelungenlied</a></i> as being clear and green. The jasper of the ancients probably included stones which would now be classed as <a href="/wiki/Chalcedony" title="Chalcedony">chalcedony</a>, and the emerald-like jasper may have been akin to the modern <a href="/wiki/Chrysoprase" title="Chrysoprase">chrysoprase</a>. The Hebrew word may have designated a green jasper.<sup id="cite_ref-Rudler-1911-EB_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rudler-1911-EB-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Flinders_Petrie" title="Flinders Petrie">Flinders Petrie</a> suggested that the <i>odem</i> – the first stone on the <a href="/wiki/Priestly_breastplate" title="Priestly breastplate">High Priest's breastplate</a> – was a red jasper, whilst <i>tarshish</i>, the tenth stone, may have been a yellow jasper.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Harappa_red_jasper_male_torso.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Harappa_red_jasper_male_torso.jpg/250px-Harappa_red_jasper_male_torso.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="261" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Harappa_red_jasper_male_torso.jpg/330px-Harappa_red_jasper_male_torso.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Harappa_red_jasper_male_torso.jpg/500px-Harappa_red_jasper_male_torso.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2226" data-file-height="3420" /></a><figcaption>Male torso carved from red jasper, <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harappa" title="Harappa">Harappa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indus_Valley_civilisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Indus Valley civilisation">Indus Valley civilisation</a>, Pakistan</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jasper&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jasper_vase_WB.71.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Jasper_vase_WB.71.jpg/250px-Jasper_vase_WB.71.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Jasper_vase_WB.71.jpg/330px-Jasper_vase_WB.71.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Jasper_vase_WB.71.jpg/500px-Jasper_vase_WB.71.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3014" data-file-height="3014" /></a><figcaption>Jewel-set vase carved from red-and-yellow jasper. Probable provenance: German, early 17th century, <a href="/wiki/Waddesdon_Bequest" title="Waddesdon Bequest">Waddesdon Bequest</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum">British Museum</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jasper_goat_basket_(Russia,_19_c.).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Jasper_goat_basket_%28Russia%2C_19_c.%29.jpg/250px-Jasper_goat_basket_%28Russia%2C_19_c.%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Jasper_goat_basket_%28Russia%2C_19_c.%29.jpg/330px-Jasper_goat_basket_%28Russia%2C_19_c.%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Jasper_goat_basket_%28Russia%2C_19_c.%29.jpg/500px-Jasper_goat_basket_%28Russia%2C_19_c.%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2551" data-file-height="1953" /></a><figcaption>Goat-headed basket carved from red jasper. Russian, late 19th century, <a href="/wiki/Kremlin_Armoury" title="Kremlin Armoury">Kremlin Armoury</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Jasper is an <a href="/wiki/Opacity_(optics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Opacity (optics)">opaque</a> rock of virtually any colour stemming from the mineral content of the original sediments or ash. Patterns arise during the consolidation process forming flow and depositional patterns in the original silica-rich <a href="/wiki/Sediment" title="Sediment">sediment</a> or <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_ash" title="Volcanic ash">volcanic ash</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hydrothermal_circulation" title="Hydrothermal circulation">Hydrothermal circulation</a> is generally thought to be required in the formation of jasper.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jasper can be modified by the diffusion of minerals along discontinuities providing the appearance of vegetative growth, i.e., <a href="/wiki/Dendrite_(crystal)" title="Dendrite (crystal)">dendritic</a>. The original materials are often fractured and/or distorted, after deposition, into diverse patterns, which are later filled in with other colorful minerals. Weathering, with time, will create intensely colored superficial rinds. </p><p>The classification and naming of jasper varieties presents a challenge.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Terms attributed to various well-defined materials includes the geographic locality where it is found, sometimes quite restricted such as "Bruneau" (a canyon) and "Lahontan" (a lake), rivers and even individual mountains; many are fanciful, such as "forest fire" or "rainbow", while others are descriptive, such as "autumn" or "porcelain". A few are designated by the place of origin such as a brown Egyptian or red African. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Banded_iron_formations">Banded iron formations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jasper&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Banded iron formations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jasper is the main component in the silica-rich parts of <a href="/wiki/Banded_iron_formation" title="Banded iron formation">banded iron formations</a> (BIFs) which indicate low, but present, amounts of dissolved oxygen in the water such as during the <a href="/wiki/Great_Oxygenation_Event" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Oxygenation Event">Great Oxidation Event</a> or snowball earths.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The red bands are microcrystalline red chert, also called jasper. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Picture_jaspers">Picture jaspers<span class="anchor" id="picture"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jasper&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Picture jaspers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jasper_earrings.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Jasper_earrings.jpg/220px-Jasper_earrings.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Jasper_earrings.jpg/330px-Jasper_earrings.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Jasper_earrings.jpg/440px-Jasper_earrings.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Earrings of polished "leopard-spot jasper" (actually a type of spherulitic <a href="/wiki/Rhyolite" title="Rhyolite">rhyolite</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p>Picture jaspers exhibit combinations of patterns resulting in what appear to be scenes or images, when seen on a cut section. Such patterns include banding from flow or depositional patterns (from water or wind), as well as dendritic or color variations. Diffusion from a center produces a distinctive <a href="/wiki/Orbicular_jasper" title="Orbicular jasper">orbicular</a> appearance, i.e., leopard skin jasper or linear banding from a fracture as seen in <a href="/wiki/Liesegang_rings_(geology)" title="Liesegang rings (geology)">liesegang</a> jasper. Healed, fragmented rock produces <a href="/wiki/Breccia" title="Breccia">brecciated</a> (broken) jasper. </p><p>While these "picture jaspers" can be found all over the world, specific colors or patterns are unique to the geographic region from which they originate. One source of the stone is <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, especially in <a href="/wiki/Purbalingga" title="Purbalingga">Purbalingga</a> district. From the US, <a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Biggs_jasper" title="Biggs jasper">Biggs jasper</a> and <a href="/wiki/Idaho" title="Idaho">Idaho</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Bruneau_jasper" title="Bruneau jasper">Bruneau jasper</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Bruneau_River" title="Bruneau River">Bruneau River</a> canyon are particularly fine examples. Other examples can be seen at <a href="/wiki/Ynys_Llanddwyn" title="Ynys Llanddwyn">Ynys Llanddwyn</a> in <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A blue-green jasper occurs in a deposit at Ettutkan Mountain, <a href="/wiki/Sibay" title="Sibay">Staryi Sibay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bashkortostan" title="Bashkortostan">Bashkortostan</a>, Russia. (The town of Sibay, in the far south of the <a href="/wiki/Ural_Mountains" title="Ural Mountains">Ural Mountains</a>, near the border with <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a>, is noted for its colossal, open-cast <a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">copper</a> mine.)<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Basanite_and_other_types_of_touchstone">Basanite<span class="anchor" id="basanite"></span> and other types of touchstone</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jasper&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Basanite and other types of touchstone"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <blockquote><p>Basanite is a deep velvety-black variety of amorphous quartz, of a slightly tougher and finer grain than jasper, and less splintery than hornstone. It was the <i>Lydian stone</i> or <i>touchstone</i> of the ancients. It is mentioned and its use described in the writings of <a href="/wiki/Bacchylides" title="Bacchylides">Bacchylides</a> about 450 BC, and was also described by <a href="/wiki/Theophrastus" title="Theophrastus">Theophrastus</a> in his book <i>On Stones</i> (<a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Ancient Greek</a> title: <span class="texhtml">Περὶ λίθων</span>: <i>Peri Lithon</i>), a century later. It is evident that the touchstone that <a href="/wiki/Pliny_the_Elder" title="Pliny the Elder">Pliny</a> had in mind when he wrote about it was merely a dense variety of <a href="/wiki/Basalt" title="Basalt">basalt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Basanite (not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Bassanite" title="Bassanite">bassanite</a>), <i>Lydian stone</i>, and <a href="/wiki/Radiolarite" title="Radiolarite">radiolarite</a> (a.k.a. lydite or flinty slate) are terms used to refer to several types of black, jasper-like rock (also including <a href="/wiki/Tuff" title="Tuff">tuffs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chert" title="Chert">cherts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Siltstone" title="Siltstone">siltstones</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which are dense, fine-grained and flinty / cherty in texture and found in a number of localities. The "Lydian Stone" known to the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greeks" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greeks">Ancient Greeks</a> is named for the ancient kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Lydia" title="Lydia">Lydia</a> in what is now western <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>. A similar rock type occurs in <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a>. Such rock types have long been used for the making of <a href="/wiki/Touchstone_(assaying_tool)" title="Touchstone (assaying tool)">touchstones</a> to test the purity of <a href="/wiki/Precious_metal" title="Precious metal">precious metal</a> <a href="/wiki/Alloy" title="Alloy">alloys</a>, because they are hard enough to scratch such metals, which, if drawn (scraped) across them, show to advantage their metallic <a href="/wiki/Streak_(mineralogy)" title="Streak (mineralogy)">streaks</a> of various (diagnostic) colours, against the dark background. There are, confusingly, not one but two rocks called basanite, one being a black form of jasper and the <a href="/wiki/Basanite" title="Basanite">other</a> a black volcanic rock closely akin to basalt. Add to this the fact that many different rock types – having in common the colour black and a fine texture – have, over the ages, been pressed into service as touchstones and it will be seen that there is ample scope for confusion in this <a href="/wiki/Petrology" title="Petrology">petrology</a>- and <a href="/wiki/Mineralogy" title="Mineralogy">mineralogy</a>-related field of study.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jasper&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerycaption">Varieties</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jasper_(32132824820).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Red jasper rough, Cave Creek, Arizona"><img alt="Red jasper rough, Cave Creek, Arizona" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Jasper_%2832132824820%29.jpg/250px-Jasper_%2832132824820%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="145" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Jasper_%2832132824820%29.jpg/330px-Jasper_%2832132824820%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1244" data-file-height="1033" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Red jasper rough, <a href="/wiki/Cave_Creek,_Arizona" title="Cave Creek, Arizona">Cave Creek, Arizona</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jasper-poloski.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dull red jasper veined with white quartz, rough, provenance: uncertain – possibly Crimea or Kyrgyzstan"><img alt="Dull red jasper veined with white quartz, rough, provenance: uncertain – possibly Crimea or Kyrgyzstan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Jasper-poloski.jpg/129px-Jasper-poloski.jpg" decoding="async" width="129" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Jasper-poloski.jpg/194px-Jasper-poloski.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Jasper-poloski.jpg/259px-Jasper-poloski.jpg 2x" data-file-width="769" data-file-height="714" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Dull red jasper veined with white quartz, rough, provenance: uncertain – possibly Crimea or <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jasper.pebble.600pix.bkg.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Brecciated red jasper tumbled smooth, 1 in (2.5 cm)"><img alt="Brecciated red jasper tumbled smooth, 1 in (2.5 cm)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Jasper.pebble.600pix.bkg.jpg/77px-Jasper.pebble.600pix.bkg.jpg" decoding="async" width="77" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Jasper.pebble.600pix.bkg.jpg/116px-Jasper.pebble.600pix.bkg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Jasper.pebble.600pix.bkg.jpg/155px-Jasper.pebble.600pix.bkg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="405" data-file-height="626" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Brecciated red jasper tumbled smooth, 1 in (2.5 cm)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cherry_Creek_Jasper_(China)_(40126258670).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Red-green-and-yellow jasper cabochon, Cherry Creek, China"><img alt="Red-green-and-yellow jasper cabochon, Cherry Creek, China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Cherry_Creek_Jasper_%28China%29_%2840126258670%29.jpg/120px-Cherry_Creek_Jasper_%28China%29_%2840126258670%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="76" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Cherry_Creek_Jasper_%28China%29_%2840126258670%29.jpg/250px-Cherry_Creek_Jasper_%28China%29_%2840126258670%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="762" data-file-height="1203" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Red-green-and-yellow jasper <a href="/wiki/Cabochon" title="Cabochon">cabochon</a>, Cherry Creek, China</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jasper-brek4iya.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Brecciated yellow-and-green jasper, cut and polished, Kara Dag, Crimea"><img alt="Brecciated yellow-and-green jasper, cut and polished, Kara Dag, Crimea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Jasper-brek4iya.jpg/250px-Jasper-brek4iya.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Jasper-brek4iya.jpg/330px-Jasper-brek4iya.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Jasper-brek4iya.jpg/500px-Jasper-brek4iya.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="629" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Brecciated yellow-and-green jasper, cut and polished, <a href="/wiki/Kara_Dag_Mountain" title="Kara Dag Mountain">Kara Dag</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crimea" title="Crimea">Crimea</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cut_and_oiled_yellow_jasper_3.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Brecciated yellow jasper, cut and oiled"><img alt="Brecciated yellow jasper, cut and oiled" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Cut_and_oiled_yellow_jasper_3.JPG/160px-Cut_and_oiled_yellow_jasper_3.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Cut_and_oiled_yellow_jasper_3.JPG/240px-Cut_and_oiled_yellow_jasper_3.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Cut_and_oiled_yellow_jasper_3.JPG/320px-Cut_and_oiled_yellow_jasper_3.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Brecciated yellow jasper, cut and oiled</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Saint-Jacut-les-Pins_-_Tropical_Parc,_mus%C3%A9e_des_min%C3%A9raux_(14).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Green-yellow-and-orange polished jasper boulder, Tropical Parc, musée des mineraux, Saint-Jacut-les-Pins, Brittany"><img alt="Green-yellow-and-orange polished jasper boulder, Tropical Parc, musée des mineraux, Saint-Jacut-les-Pins, Brittany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Saint-Jacut-les-Pins_-_Tropical_Parc%2C_mus%C3%A9e_des_min%C3%A9raux_%2814%29.jpg/250px-Saint-Jacut-les-Pins_-_Tropical_Parc%2C_mus%C3%A9e_des_min%C3%A9raux_%2814%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Saint-Jacut-les-Pins_-_Tropical_Parc%2C_mus%C3%A9e_des_min%C3%A9raux_%2814%29.jpg/330px-Saint-Jacut-les-Pins_-_Tropical_Parc%2C_mus%C3%A9e_des_min%C3%A9raux_%2814%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Green-yellow-and-orange polished jasper boulder, Tropical Parc, musée des mineraux, <a href="/wiki/Saint-Jacut-les-Pins" title="Saint-Jacut-les-Pins">Saint-Jacut-les-Pins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brittany" title="Brittany">Brittany</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Green_and_Red_Jasper_IMG_9478.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Green-and-red jasper pebble with areas of grey, translucent chalcedony, Aomori Prefecture, Shichiri Nagahama, Japan"><img alt="Green-and-red jasper pebble with areas of grey, translucent chalcedony, Aomori Prefecture, Shichiri Nagahama, Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Green_and_Red_Jasper_IMG_9478.jpg/160px-Green_and_Red_Jasper_IMG_9478.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Green_and_Red_Jasper_IMG_9478.jpg/240px-Green_and_Red_Jasper_IMG_9478.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Green_and_Red_Jasper_IMG_9478.jpg/320px-Green_and_Red_Jasper_IMG_9478.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Green-and-red jasper pebble with areas of grey, translucent <a href="/wiki/Chalcedony" title="Chalcedony">chalcedony</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aomori_Prefecture" title="Aomori Prefecture">Aomori Prefecture</a>, Shichiri Nagahama, Japan</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tabu_Tabu_Jasper_(South_Africa)_(41889473312).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cabochon of Tabu Tabu jasper (brecciated, with angular clasts cemented by grey chalcedony) South Africa"><img alt="Cabochon of Tabu Tabu jasper (brecciated, with angular clasts cemented by grey chalcedony) South Africa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Tabu_Tabu_Jasper_%28South_Africa%29_%2841889473312%29.jpg/120px-Tabu_Tabu_Jasper_%28South_Africa%29_%2841889473312%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Tabu_Tabu_Jasper_%28South_Africa%29_%2841889473312%29.jpg/250px-Tabu_Tabu_Jasper_%28South_Africa%29_%2841889473312%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1126" data-file-height="1498" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cabochon of Tabu Tabu jasper (brecciated, with angular <a href="/wiki/Clasts" class="mw-redirect" title="Clasts">clasts</a> cemented by grey chalcedony) <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bloodstone_3_(49036281801).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jasper variety bloodstone, provenance doubtful, possibly Deccan Traps India"><img alt="Jasper variety bloodstone, provenance doubtful, possibly Deccan Traps India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Bloodstone_3_%2849036281801%29.jpg/250px-Bloodstone_3_%2849036281801%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="168" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Bloodstone_3_%2849036281801%29.jpg/330px-Bloodstone_3_%2849036281801%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Bloodstone_3_%2849036281801%29.jpg/500px-Bloodstone_3_%2849036281801%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3275" data-file-height="2348" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Jasper variety <a href="/wiki/Heliotrope_(mineral)" title="Heliotrope (mineral)">bloodstone</a>, provenance doubtful, possibly <a href="/wiki/Deccan_Traps" title="Deccan Traps">Deccan Traps</a> India</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jaspi_verd,_montjuic,_barcelona.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Multi-coloured, banded jasper rough, Montjuïc, Barcelona"><img alt="Multi-coloured, banded jasper rough, Montjuïc, Barcelona" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Jaspi_verd%2C_montjuic%2C_barcelona.jpg/250px-Jaspi_verd%2C_montjuic%2C_barcelona.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Jaspi_verd%2C_montjuic%2C_barcelona.jpg/330px-Jaspi_verd%2C_montjuic%2C_barcelona.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Multi-coloured, banded jasper rough, <a href="/wiki/Montju%C3%AFc" title="Montjuïc">Montjuïc</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kaleidoscope_Jasper_from_Oregon.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kaleidoscope jasper rough, Oregon"><img alt="Kaleidoscope jasper rough, Oregon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Kaleidoscope_Jasper_from_Oregon.jpg/250px-Kaleidoscope_Jasper_from_Oregon.jpg" decoding="async" width="159" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Kaleidoscope_Jasper_from_Oregon.jpg/330px-Kaleidoscope_Jasper_from_Oregon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="773" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Kaleidoscope jasper rough, <a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Poppyjasper.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Poppy jasper (an orbicular jasper from Morgan Hill, California), rough"><img alt="Poppy jasper (an orbicular jasper from Morgan Hill, California), rough" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Poppyjasper.jpg/250px-Poppyjasper.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Poppyjasper.jpg/330px-Poppyjasper.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Poppyjasper.jpg/500px-Poppyjasper.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2003" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Poppy jasper (an orbicular jasper from <a href="/wiki/Morgan_Hill" class="mw-redirect" title="Morgan Hill">Morgan Hill</a>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>), rough</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Poppyjasperpolished.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Poppy jasper: small, polished slabs, Morgan Hill, California"><img alt="Poppy jasper: small, polished slabs, Morgan Hill, California" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Poppyjasperpolished.JPG/250px-Poppyjasperpolished.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Poppyjasperpolished.JPG/330px-Poppyjasperpolished.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Poppyjasperpolished.JPG/500px-Poppyjasperpolished.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3225" data-file-height="2150" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Poppy jasper: small, polished slabs, Morgan Hill, California</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Freiberg,_Terra_mineralia,_Augenjaspis.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Orbicular "ocean jasper" (not, strictly, a jasper, but a highly silicified rhyolite or tuff) Analalava District Madagascar, polished slab"><img alt="Orbicular "ocean jasper" (not, strictly, a jasper, but a highly silicified rhyolite or tuff) Analalava District Madagascar, polished slab" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Freiberg%2C_Terra_mineralia%2C_Augenjaspis.JPG/167px-Freiberg%2C_Terra_mineralia%2C_Augenjaspis.JPG" decoding="async" width="167" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Freiberg%2C_Terra_mineralia%2C_Augenjaspis.JPG/250px-Freiberg%2C_Terra_mineralia%2C_Augenjaspis.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Freiberg%2C_Terra_mineralia%2C_Augenjaspis.JPG/333px-Freiberg%2C_Terra_mineralia%2C_Augenjaspis.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3352" data-file-height="2418" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Orbicular "ocean jasper" (not, strictly, a jasper, but a highly silicified <a href="/wiki/Rhyolite" title="Rhyolite">rhyolite</a> or <a href="/wiki/Tuff" title="Tuff">tuff</a>) <a href="/wiki/Analalava_District" title="Analalava District">Analalava District</a> <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a>, polished slab</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jaspe_orbiculaire_Madagascar_1597B.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Orbicular "ocean jasper", 5 cm (2.0 in), Analalava District, Madagascar"><img alt="Orbicular "ocean jasper", 5 cm (2.0 in), Analalava District, Madagascar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Jaspe_orbiculaire_Madagascar_1597B.jpg/250px-Jaspe_orbiculaire_Madagascar_1597B.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Jaspe_orbiculaire_Madagascar_1597B.jpg/330px-Jaspe_orbiculaire_Madagascar_1597B.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2128" data-file-height="1822" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Orbicular "ocean jasper", 5 cm (2.0 in), Analalava District, Madagascar</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bruneau_Jasper_from_Idaho_Thundereggs.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bruneau jasper, Idaho (this jasper occurs within thundereggs), A. E. Seaman Mineral Museum"><img alt="Bruneau jasper, Idaho (this jasper occurs within thundereggs), A. E. Seaman Mineral Museum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Bruneau_Jasper_from_Idaho_Thundereggs.jpg/250px-Bruneau_Jasper_from_Idaho_Thundereggs.jpg" decoding="async" width="161" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Bruneau_Jasper_from_Idaho_Thundereggs.jpg/330px-Bruneau_Jasper_from_Idaho_Thundereggs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2822" data-file-height="2107" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Bruneau_jasper" title="Bruneau jasper">Bruneau jasper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Idaho" title="Idaho">Idaho</a> (this jasper occurs within <a href="/wiki/Thunderegg" title="Thunderegg">thundereggs</a>), <a href="/wiki/A._E._Seaman_Mineral_Museum" title="A. E. Seaman Mineral Museum">A. E. Seaman Mineral Museum</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mookaite_(Windalia_Radiolarite_Formation,_Lower_Cretaceous;_Western_Australia).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title=""Mookaite" (a radiolarian chert from the Windalia Radiolarite Formation, Western Australia), rough"><img alt=""Mookaite" (a radiolarian chert from the Windalia Radiolarite Formation, Western Australia), rough" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Mookaite_%28Windalia_Radiolarite_Formation%2C_Lower_Cretaceous%3B_Western_Australia%29.jpg/250px-Mookaite_%28Windalia_Radiolarite_Formation%2C_Lower_Cretaceous%3B_Western_Australia%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Mookaite_%28Windalia_Radiolarite_Formation%2C_Lower_Cretaceous%3B_Western_Australia%29.jpg/330px-Mookaite_%28Windalia_Radiolarite_Formation%2C_Lower_Cretaceous%3B_Western_Australia%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Mookaite_%28Windalia_Radiolarite_Formation%2C_Lower_Cretaceous%3B_Western_Australia%29.jpg/500px-Mookaite_%28Windalia_Radiolarite_Formation%2C_Lower_Cretaceous%3B_Western_Australia%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3315" data-file-height="2346" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">"Mookaite" (a <a href="/wiki/Radiolarite" title="Radiolarite">radiolarian chert</a> from the Windalia Radiolarite Formation, <a href="/wiki/Western_Australia" title="Western Australia">Western Australia</a>), rough</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Biggs_jasper_on_carpet.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Biggs jasper, Oregon"><img alt="Biggs jasper, Oregon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Biggs_jasper_on_carpet.jpg/250px-Biggs_jasper_on_carpet.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Biggs_jasper_on_carpet.jpg/330px-Biggs_jasper_on_carpet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Biggs_jasper_on_carpet.jpg/500px-Biggs_jasper_on_carpet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2954" data-file-height="1804" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Biggs_jasper" title="Biggs jasper">Biggs jasper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jasper_Dalmatian_(212237453).jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title=""Dalmatian jasper" – not a jasper at all but a form of the igneous rock perthite. The black spots are composed of the rare amphibole arfvedsonite (and not, as often claimed, of tourmaline). Polished pebble."><img alt=""Dalmatian jasper" – not a jasper at all but a form of the igneous rock perthite. The black spots are composed of the rare amphibole arfvedsonite (and not, as often claimed, of tourmaline). Polished pebble." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Jasper_Dalmatian_%28212237453%29.jpeg/180px-Jasper_Dalmatian_%28212237453%29.jpeg" decoding="async" width="180" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Jasper_Dalmatian_%28212237453%29.jpeg/270px-Jasper_Dalmatian_%28212237453%29.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Jasper_Dalmatian_%28212237453%29.jpeg/360px-Jasper_Dalmatian_%28212237453%29.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1041" data-file-height="628" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">"<a href="/wiki/Dalmatian_(dog)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dalmatian (dog)">Dalmatian</a> jasper" – not a jasper at all but a form of the igneous rock <a href="/wiki/Perthite" title="Perthite">perthite</a>. The black spots are composed of the rare <a href="/wiki/Amphibole" title="Amphibole">amphibole</a> <a href="/wiki/Arfvedsonite" title="Arfvedsonite">arfvedsonite</a> (and not, as often claimed, of tourmaline). Polished pebble.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jasper&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> "Jasper: The usual English form of the name assigned in Christian folklore to one of <a href="/wiki/Biblical_Magi" title="Biblical Magi">the three magi or 'wise men'</a>, who brought gifts to the infant Christ at his birth (Matthew 2:1). The name <span style="color:gray">[Jasper]</span> does not appear in the Bible, and is first found in medieval tradition. It seems to be ultimately of Persian origin, from a word meaning 'treasurer'. There is probably no connection with the English vocabulary word <i>jasper</i> denoting a gemstone, which is of <span class="nowrap">Semitic origin." — Hanks, Hardcastle, & Hodges (2006)<sup id="cite_ref-OxfordJasper_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OxfordJasper-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jasper&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/gemstones/sp14-95/chalcedony.html">"Chalcedony"</a>. Gemstones. <i>USGS.gov</i>. Commodity minerals. <a href="/wiki/U.S._Geological_Survey" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Geological Survey">U.S. Geological Survey</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=USGS.gov&rft.atitle=Chalcedony&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fminerals.usgs.gov%2Fminerals%2Fpubs%2Fcommodity%2Fgemstones%2Fsp14-95%2Fchalcedony.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJasper" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kostov-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kostov_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kostov_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKostov2010" class="citation conference cs1">Kostov, R.I. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ace.hu/am/2010_3/AM-10-03-RK.pdf"><i>Review on the mineralogical systematics of jasper and related rocks</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archaeometry Workshop. Vol. 7. pp. <span class="nowrap">209–</span>213.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=Review+on+the+mineralogical+systematics+of+jasper+and+related+rocks&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E209-%3C%2Fspan%3E213&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Kostov&rft.aufirst=R.I.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ace.hu%2Fam%2F2010_3%2FAM-10-03-RK.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJasper" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mindat.org/min-2082.html">"Jasper"</a>. <i>Mindat.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mindat.org&rft.atitle=Jasper&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mindat.org%2Fmin-2082.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJasper" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDietrich2005" class="citation web cs1">Dietrich, R.V. (23 May 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120309113547/http://www.cst.cmich.edu/users/dietr1rv/jasper.htm">"Jasper"</a>. <i>cst.cmich.edu</i>. GemRocks. Central Michigan University. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cst.cmich.edu/users/dietr1rv/jasper.htm">the original</a> on 9 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 October</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cst.cmich.edu&rft.atitle=Jasper&rft.date=2005-05-23&rft.aulast=Dietrich&rft.aufirst=R.V.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cst.cmich.edu%2Fusers%2Fdietr1rv%2Fjasper.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJasper" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://art.thewalters.org/detail/15717">"Finger ring with a representation of Ptah"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Walters_Art_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="The Walters Art Museum">The Walters Art Museum</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Finger+ring+with+a+representation+of+Ptah&rft.pub=The+Walters+Art+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fart.thewalters.org%2Fdetail%2F15717&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJasper" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20160522180056/http://cf.blueletterbible.org/lang/lexicon/lexicon.cfm?Strongs=G2393&t=KJV">"iaspis"</a>. Lexicon. <i>Blue Letter Bible</i>. Strong's G2393. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cf.blueletterbible.org/lang/lexicon/lexicon.cfm?Strongs=G2393&t=KJV">the original</a> on 22 May 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Blue+Letter+Bible&rft.atitle=iaspis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcf.blueletterbible.org%2Flang%2Flexicon%2Flexicon.cfm%3FStrongs%3DG2393%26t%3DKJV&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJasper" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=jasper">"Jasper"</a>. <i>etymonline.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=etymonline.com&rft.atitle=Jasper&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Findex.php%3Fterm%3Djasper&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJasper" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OxfordJasper-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-OxfordJasper_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OxfordJasper_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHanksHardcastleHodges2006" class="citation book cs1">Hanks, Patrick; Hardcastle, Kate; Hodges, Flavia (2006). <i>A Dictionary of First Names</i> (2 ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 138. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0198610601" title="Special:BookSources/978-0198610601"><bdi>978-0198610601</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Dictionary+of+First+Names&rft.pages=138&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0198610601&rft.aulast=Hanks&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft.au=Hardcastle%2C+Kate&rft.au=Hodges%2C+Flavia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJasper" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kulke&R.-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kulke&R._10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKulkeRothermund2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Kulke" title="Hermann Kulke">Kulke, Hermann</a>; <a href="/wiki/Dietmar_Rothermund" title="Dietmar Rothermund">Rothermund, Dietmar</a> (2004). <i>A History of India</i>. Routledge. p. 22. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-32920-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-32920-5"><bdi>0-415-32920-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+India&rft.pages=22&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-415-32920-5&rft.aulast=Kulke&rft.aufirst=Hermann&rft.au=Rothermund%2C+Dietmar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJasper" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gemstone.org/gem-by-gem/english/jasper.html">"Jasper"</a>. Gem by Gem. International Colored Gemstone Association.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jasper&rft.series=Gem+by+Gem&rft.pub=International+Colored+Gemstone+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gemstone.org%2Fgem-by-gem%2Fenglish%2Fjasper.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJasper" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHogan2008" class="citation journal cs1">Hogan, C. Michael (14 April 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.themodernantiquarian.com/site/10854/knossos.html#fieldnotes">"Knossos fieldnotes"</a>. <i>The Modern Antiquarian</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Modern+Antiquarian&rft.atitle=Knossos+fieldnotes&rft.date=2008-04-14&rft.aulast=Hogan&rft.aufirst=C.+Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.themodernantiquarian.com%2Fsite%2F10854%2Fknossos.html%23fieldnotes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJasper" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rudler-1911-EB-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rudler-1911-EB_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rudler-1911-EB_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/20px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/40px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> </span>One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRudler,_Frederick_William1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Rudler, Frederick William (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Jasper" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Jasper">Jasper</a>". In <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i> (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Jasper&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rft.au=Rudler%2C+Frederick+William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJasper" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Hastings's Dict. Bible</i>. 1902,</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hastings%27s+Dict.+Bible&rft.date=1902&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJasper" class="Z3988"></span> cited in <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i> (1911).<sup id="cite_ref-Rudler-1911-EB_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rudler-1911-EB-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.prehistoricoregon.com/learn/what-is-a-mineral/jasper/">"Jasper"</a>. <i>Prehistoric Online</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Prehistoric+Online&rft.atitle=Jasper&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.prehistoricoregon.com%2Flearn%2Fwhat-is-a-mineral%2Fjasper%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJasper" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGamma,_Hans" class="citation web cs1">Gamma, Hans (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldofjaspers.com/index.html">"World of Jaspers"</a>. <i>worldofjaspers.com</i> (main).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=worldofjaspers.com&rft.atitle=World+of+Jaspers&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldofjaspers.com%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJasper" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBroecker1985" class="citation book cs1">Broecker, W.S. (1985). <i>How to Build a Habitable Planet</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+to+Build+a+Habitable+Planet&rft.date=1985&rft.aulast=Broecker&rft.aufirst=W.S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJasper" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gemsociety.org/article/jasper-gem-information/">"Jasper gemological information"</a>. <i>gemsociety.org</i>. International Gem Society (IGS)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=gemsociety.org&rft.atitle=Jasper+gemological+information&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gemsociety.org%2Farticle%2Fjasper-gem-information%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJasper" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mindat.org/locentry-707656.html">"[green] Jasper from Ettutkanskoe jasper deposit, Ettutkan Mt, Staryi Sibay, Bashkortostan, Russia"</a>. <i>Mindat.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mindat.org&rft.atitle=%5Bgreen%5D+Jasper+from+Ettutkanskoe+jasper+deposit%2C+Ettutkan+Mt%2C+Staryi+Sibay%2C+Bashkortostan%2C+Russia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mindat.org%2Flocentry-707656.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJasper" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDakeFleenerWilson1938" class="citation book cs1">Dake, H.C.; Fleener, Frank L.; Wilson, Ben Hur (1938). <i>Quartz Family Minerals: A handbook for the mineral collector</i>. Whittlesey House (McGraw Hill).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Quartz+Family+Minerals%3A+A+handbook+for+the+mineral+collector&rft.pub=Whittlesey+House+%28McGraw+Hill%29&rft.date=1938&rft.aulast=Dake&rft.aufirst=H.C.&rft.au=Fleener%2C+Frank+L.&rft.au=Wilson%2C+Ben+Hur&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJasper" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMooreOddy1985" class="citation journal cs1">Moore, D.T.; Oddy, W.A. (1 January 1985). "Touchstones: Some aspects of their nomenclature, petrography and provenance". <i>Journal of Archaeological Science</i>. <b>12</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">59–</span>80. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1985JArSc..12...59M">1985JArSc..12...59M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0305-4403%2885%2990015-9">10.1016/0305-4403(85)90015-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Archaeological+Science&rft.atitle=Touchstones%3A+Some+aspects+of+their+nomenclature%2C+petrography+and+provenance&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E59-%3C%2Fspan%3E80&rft.date=1985-01-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0305-4403%2885%2990015-9&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1985JArSc..12...59M&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=D.T.&rft.au=Oddy%2C+W.A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJasper" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mindat.org/min-9173.html">"Basanite"</a>. <i>Mindat.org</i>. 15 October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mindat.org&rft.atitle=Basanite&rft.date=2012-10-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mindat.org%2Fmin-9173.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJasper" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jasper&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Jasper" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Jasper">Jasper</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Jasper"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Encyclopedia_Americana_(1920)/Jasper">"Jasper" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_Americana" title="Encyclopedia Americana">Encyclopedia Americana</a></i>. 1920.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Jasper&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Americana&rft.date=1920&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJasper" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Jasper"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Jasper">"Jasper" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 279.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Jasper&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=279&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJasper" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Jewellery187" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Jewellery" title="Jewellery">Jewellery</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_jewellery_types" title="List of jewellery types">Forms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anklet" title="Anklet">Anklet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_clip" title="Hair clip">Barrette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belly_chain" title="Belly chain">Belly chain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belt_buckle" title="Belt buckle">Belt buckle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bindi_(decoration)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bindi (decoration)">Bindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolo_tie" title="Bolo tie">Bolo tie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bracelet" title="Bracelet">Bracelet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooch" title="Brooch">Brooch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewellery_chain" title="Jewellery chain">Chain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chatelaine_(chain)" title="Chatelaine (chain)">Chatelaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collar_pin" title="Collar pin">Collar pin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown" title="Crown">Crown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cufflink" title="Cufflink">Cufflink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earring" title="Earring">Earring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferronni%C3%A8re" title="Ferronnière">Ferronnière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genital_jewellery" class="mw-redirect" title="Genital jewellery">Genital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapel_pin" title="Lapel pin">Lapel pin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necklace" title="Necklace">Necklace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neck_ring" title="Neck ring">Neck ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pectoral_(Ancient_Egypt)" title="Pectoral (Ancient Egypt)">Pectoral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pendant" title="Pendant">Pendant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ring_(jewellery)" title="Ring (jewellery)">Ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiara" title="Tiara">Tiara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tie_chain" title="Tie chain">Tie chain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tie_clip" title="Tie clip">Tie clip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tie_pin" title="Tie pin">Tie pin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toe_ring" title="Toe ring">Toe ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watch" title="Watch">Watch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pocket_watch" title="Pocket watch">pocket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watch_strap" title="Watch strap">strap</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Making</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bench_jeweler" title="Bench jeweler">Bench jeweler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clockmaker" title="Clockmaker">Clockmaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goldsmith" title="Goldsmith">Goldsmith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewellery_design" title="Jewellery design">Jewellery designer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapidary" title="Lapidary">Lapidarist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silversmith" title="Silversmith">Silversmith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watchmaker" title="Watchmaker">Watchmaker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Processes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cameo_(carving)" title="Cameo (carving)">Carving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metal_casting" title="Metal casting">Casting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centrifugal_casting_(silversmithing)" title="Centrifugal casting (silversmithing)">centrifugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lost-wax_casting" title="Lost-wax casting">lost-wax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metal_casting" title="Metal casting">vacuum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitreous_enamel" title="Vitreous enamel">Enameling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engraved_gem" title="Engraved gem">Engraving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filigree" title="Filigree">Filigree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewelry_model" title="Jewelry model">Jewelry model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metal_clay" title="Metal clay">Metal clay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plating" title="Plating">Plating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polishing_(metalworking)" title="Polishing (metalworking)">Polishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repouss%C3%A9_and_chasing" title="Repoussé and chasing">Repoussé and chasing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soldering" title="Soldering">Soldering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stonesetting" title="Stonesetting">Stonesetting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wire_sculpture" title="Wire sculpture">Wire sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wire_wrapped_jewelry" title="Wire wrapped jewelry">Wire wrapped jewelry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Draw_plate" title="Draw plate">Draw plate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_(tool)" title="File (tool)">File</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammer" title="Hammer">Hammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandrel" title="Mandrel">Mandrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pliers" title="Pliers">Pliers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Materials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Precious_metal" title="Precious metal">Precious metals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">Gold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palladium" title="Palladium">Palladium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platinum" title="Platinum">Platinum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhodium" title="Rhodium">Rhodium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver" title="Silver">Silver</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Precious metal <a href="/wiki/Alloy" title="Alloy">alloys</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Britannia_silver" title="Britannia silver">Britannia silver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colored_gold" title="Colored gold">Colored gold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_gold" title="Crown gold">Crown gold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrum" title="Electrum">Electrum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakud%C5%8D" title="Shakudō">Shakudō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shibuichi" title="Shibuichi">Shibuichi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sterling_silver" title="Sterling silver">Sterling silver</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentium_sterling_silver" title="Argentium sterling silver">Argentium</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumbaga" title="Tumbaga">Tumbaga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Base_metal" title="Base metal">Base metals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brass" title="Brass">Brass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bronze" title="Bronze">Bronze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">Copper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mokume-gane" title="Mokume-gane">Mokume-gane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nickel_silver" title="Nickel silver">Nickel silver (alpacca)</a>:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium">Niobium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pewter" title="Pewter">Pewter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinchbeck_(alloy)" title="Pinchbeck (alloy)">Pinchbeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stainless_steel" title="Stainless steel">Stainless steel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titanium" title="Titanium">Titanium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tungsten" title="Tungsten">Tungsten</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mineral <a href="/wiki/Gemstone" title="Gemstone">gemstones</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agate" title="Agate">Agate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazonite" title="Amazonite">Amazonite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amethyst" title="Amethyst">Amethyst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aventurine" title="Aventurine">Aventurine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beryl" title="Beryl">Beryl</a> (<a href="/wiki/Red_beryl" title="Red beryl">red</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnelian" title="Carnelian">Carnelian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrysoberyl" title="Chrysoberyl">Chrysoberyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrysocolla" title="Chrysocolla">Chrysocolla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrine_(quartz)" title="Citrine (quartz)">Citrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diamond" title="Diamond">Diamond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diopside" title="Diopside">Diopside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emerald" title="Emerald">Emerald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluorite" title="Fluorite">Fluorite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garnet" title="Garnet">Garnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howlite" title="Howlite">Howlite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jade" title="Jade">Jade</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jasper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyanite" title="Kyanite">Kyanite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labradorite" title="Labradorite">Labradorite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapis_lazuli" title="Lapis lazuli">Lapis lazuli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larimar" title="Larimar">Larimar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malachite" title="Malachite">Malachite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcasite_jewellery" title="Marcasite jewellery">Marcasite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moonstone_(gemstone)" title="Moonstone (gemstone)">Moonstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obsidian" title="Obsidian">Obsidian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onyx" title="Onyx">Onyx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opal" title="Opal">Opal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peridot" title="Peridot">Peridot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prasiolite" title="Prasiolite">Prasiolite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quartz" title="Quartz">Quartz</a> (<a href="/wiki/Smoky_quartz" title="Smoky quartz">smoky</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruby" title="Ruby">Ruby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sapphire" title="Sapphire">Sapphire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodalite" title="Sodalite">Sodalite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinel" title="Spinel">Spinel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunstone" title="Sunstone">Sunstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzanite" title="Tanzanite">Tanzanite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiger%27s_eye" title="Tiger's eye">Tiger's eye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topaz" title="Topaz">Topaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourmaline" title="Tourmaline">Tourmaline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turquoise" title="Turquoise">Turquoise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variscite" title="Variscite">Variscite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zircon" title="Zircon">Zircon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organic gemstones</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abalone" title="Abalone">Abalone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amber" title="Amber">Amber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ammolite" title="Ammolite">Ammolite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copal" title="Copal">Copal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coral" title="Coral">Coral</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_coral" title="Black coral">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precious_coral" title="Precious coral">Precious</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivory" title="Ivory">Ivory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jet_(gemstone)" title="Jet (gemstone)">Jet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nacre" title="Nacre">Nacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operculum_(gastropod)" title="Operculum (gastropod)">Operculum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearl" title="Pearl">Pearl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tortoiseshell" title="Tortoiseshell">Tortoiseshell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other natural objects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bezoar" title="Bezoar">Bezoar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bog-wood" title="Bog-wood">Bog-wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebonite" title="Ebonite">Ebonite (vulcanite)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gutta-percha" title="Gutta-percha">Gutta-percha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_jewellery" class="mw-redirect" title="Hair jewellery">Hair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shell_jewelry" title="Shell jewelry">Shell</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spondylus" title="Spondylus">Spondylus shell</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toadstone" title="Toadstone">Toadstone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_jewelry" title="Art jewelry">Art jewelry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carat_(mass)" title="Carat (mass)">Carat</a> (mass)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fineness#Carat" title="Fineness">Carat</a> (purity)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finding_(jewelcrafting)" title="Finding (jewelcrafting)">Finding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fineness" title="Fineness">Fineness</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>Related topics</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Body_piercing" title="Body piercing">Body piercing</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Fashion" title="Fashion">Fashion</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gemology" title="Gemology">Gemology</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Metalworking" title="Metalworking">Metalworking</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Phaleristics" title="Phaleristics">Phaleristics</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wearable_art" title="Wearable art">Wearable art</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Silica_minerals152" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Silica_minerals" title="Template:Silica minerals"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Silica_minerals" title="Template talk:Silica minerals"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Silica_minerals" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Silica minerals"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Silica_minerals152" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Silicon_dioxide" title="Silicon dioxide">Silica</a> <a href="/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral">minerals</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Crystal_structure" title="Crystal structure">Crystalline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coesite" title="Coesite">Coesite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cristobalite" title="Cristobalite">Cristobalite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keatite" title="Keatite">Keatite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moganite" title="Moganite">Moganite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quartz" title="Quartz">Quartz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seifertite" title="Seifertite">Seifertite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stishovite" title="Stishovite">Stishovite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tridymite" title="Tridymite">Tridymite</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cryptocrystalline" title="Cryptocrystalline">Cryptocrystalline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chalcedony" title="Chalcedony">Chalcedony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chert" title="Chert">Chert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flint" title="Flint">Flint</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jasper</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Amorphous_solid" title="Amorphous solid">Amorphous</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fulgurite" title="Fulgurite">Fulgurite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lechatelierite" title="Lechatelierite">Lechatelierite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opal" title="Opal">Opal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tiger%27s_eye" title="Tiger's eye">Tiger's eye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aqeeq" title="Aqeeq">Aqeeq</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable varieties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chalcedony" title="Chalcedony">Chalcedony</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agate" title="Agate">Agate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnelian" title="Carnelian">Carnelian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrome_chalcedony" title="Chrome chalcedony">Chrome chalcedony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrysoprase" title="Chrysoprase">Chrysoprase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heliotrope_(mineral)" title="Heliotrope (mineral)">Heliotrope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moss_agate" title="Moss agate">Moss agate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onyx" title="Onyx">Onyx</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Opal" title="Opal">Opal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fiorite" title="Fiorite">Fiorite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geyserite" title="Geyserite">Geyserite</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Quartz" title="Quartz">Quartz</a></th><td 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