CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9134b7635967fdcb',cH: 'e3lxdqjhmQZqCGc9SxeecTX9VDtLxsARYbVL.sH7mc4-1739784182-1.2.1.1-TRrygK1wSjiQwEDVtJ5fsFOkv8zxTQeVdjck4Rc.6fzyhw5IgBbD2lxpmKjnLU__',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=all-optical%20function&__cf_chl_tk=m1aNDLVXYEAoIixOMv0wutH7.bSbnmLB7KAH1A_agBw-1739784182-1.0.1.1-N0yfCMScBhoeYQ5SlL8Pm9mZUMO948_71KE2wVLe5aI",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739784182',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=all-optical%20function&__cf_chl_f_tk=m1aNDLVXYEAoIixOMv0wutH7.bSbnmLB7KAH1A_agBw-1739784182-1.0.1.1-N0yfCMScBhoeYQ5SlL8Pm9mZUMO948_71KE2wVLe5aI",md: "0uXEdPZkEToZ5s4MSpjQtsyek6WGxM1Lmr2yTKebevI-1739784182-1.2.1.1-pmlxuf4i4MYSXsfrDcL8VFzUWWa2W9aFG8YWiUPeh7Wx5Lqi4kbbJZdFaBTqdtPM3YtYotZ8twuOGYGTW9LKLFdVfMDp_.g4VEZzQnjQVacGxsNUSdk_oj1rF7p4Dr_6L3SDsAXHspDrUy8xC1lPylNW_gaxSZEPxGTJf3EtNQVLncGTCO3ctrPGEC9VuK9YwTVQdHQ96uif9CfWG1OdgBqtAfVZo4yXjJCpVmtmbsv953ERvkDMmz3XXkocNGqbagBgpL2TXh9qdD.fERZFYkC0v7qSI7oNX74HhOLVRZjUm2w0Ps1aICZk.HwfF.WZB2DTWIRMpTNr2Iun.CNWJrMyndpq9uRr8iHVrpBCen4DWEx6T9uPbc1935JDC94aEbRUo1NqhUHE7VDDGd_9wVu4oJo6aq19368NT5bpRjZ0eG.MY5v19i6tOTmY8abDzqLhBnd8XgXR2uATKyHzFrOgaHYtc1bGtf4GE8UJ_0Tp9TNVL410exVBjfy5If4tmgnc7qdkYCjGSEhLKYSvNIGGjlA.0aQEN5I1tlj1G0bgJ9KeFLPZZ_VQsRxX0xuFdYF6oNp5mTSvp82aLRCSsOEnz3VUyNaIzLqjU.RRL3x3POCACdpRHRoV0W9tGG6HCua1Y_PLIQvr6xkgac3I20Xn0afPPr5LUyIMy3dJdL.V6I65u8f_8FV.t2oZYZwTK7el5bh_Cdud0Wqbt77jasf6TkCmDwdbHT7vfBzGRlRL5lX6.wmjOE430QJBoLXepPsouOjHyoZjmeiwPyiZCKiC4Wkr6oS0jbJAFHlEIPe1Fcy.mw6zhoUN8Q.wrQalyc9jTLbiD6ORkMbDCyk243yIEnNn5niiTbZgWCljKgk44dPHlorQ64uhgwYAUhU8xs5Jvz40UwGQIViFbwjE5a7HKatFFCJN0gsxSm_fvjR52nnfjXHyN0DiYL_3a5rBIE7emkReCUZyEaaeNgQZRP7M1T6Ug3sjaUf3vXMgiecuH9a9GXJB47gnxNsodiXXJYGUzwrRAakK2PvwmUIEjK5FEgLfg7AqhY7v4hYv7p6rGdm2xJQoCAdlJoIuNpA2jFvwQpUHyOLnG863auLKYrzjpxN3NF8sKKUy_M4LR7c7W7RhFsj441b01xuD5bsjLuUAGjzl.jiX7pNkACOCqckeZaVw1Md1ReOtLVFqh7OzZVHsBKLgBkTFChRMHHi63b38_Pm7vmGFWCs6mkcKbKXZZpN1bknWCGBIRca8Kj86NRaj5me.JpFm1a0FPbhiV6D4HWjr4LtehoqJHLO1LWSmPhnX0yhWq1iR_ENt6bV48UN88cYcV2hFmTSj72_NiBd9UdrrBZHtaw6q8FRw0PJIAJWeer6Iao4463hISfQxjCURKKYR2LsK1oBjK6l4xBc6DksQJ034FrzxYJ.1F.ksttkv4_nOZz.5s_ycV9g4MPI8Xno3zcQ5cxnDeoI5xVf9F45_AfCpt9O3Ik9oL7mfZwpjmwVl2lchdgHkpFiyF0aGrfqKHDDLQRc.VQWSowXxhbY2y79Zg8qimRtgk.XN49.x_Ef0dEZh5BDe9VKCHE.eQAIoQp0zMlnwG8B6S4qk.PEmI60gm_CXfvKriPegeCzjy32uepY4neC6aiTUVraXtx1TN4qKYrxzsCit4SauIYtuaPzmADyU4Q0WGKnqWxOsw4iZjRjDqDXXs1QcQnf5B7n0pRR4t_cwZn9gW59uu2JssZ4pf6WNBFnrjmWMzVifMEyC.ipgvjVpuB5gw434tyWLvSGfTtcmwp1T5lm0jsK2X0.5.WBZ8tovPOEi3MDObOGV0q1hkwQemqMM_nFSTzBLghwmvTc8jKMghVPoJ.YVnPTgwVccaIeaB_81.g_Z0q5Oah02uNL1Ay5TDlcgpTQxdMdsXAwZC416707m4qnATLeqjc.nHovzr1zx.ofJ01rrS3wYki3ftN75XSz1bQ0S1TDPMUiwD.q0",mdrd: "ydRJnh3QVNjhUp9JJSLR33TYFhWPGP9WXaB8vUPm4Ns-1739784182-1.2.1.1-XX1tVBv5iOYg97wV6Ii0LDWV5ZGBY_HmKSBqOWVHACXvSYelF3iW1H9sbwZLhLZdeYJB8GgIIj1jddwe1hqiyT6rjlXzj8rc.jJjrb3CXXWBBtTucmOQ4IHpWnrbgc0p4eWeseU0zS6qIdRHkxNYKprzWBCTYvuAEoJiz_Dd4iIG9yMPSrDCZCr0Hr5zcd_orrcuMCu5ZwPDCd1ApkcKjnMsaUcZEVG_aW8Do6lAgvGRWO7ykomxDsI203LTbf5lRpWibYWiKd9ys9HXK0dA.ll3G2_VfdflJP3q0BcZjZTNaO38EmGrCqW.nx0yhLwybQ_U_WvhH9Am7fmUNnin2jg78kppGDSzycorzTYfRP9ExhwsaRBeCmBt.SjqDnygijtWv.LIIB4ou_iJzKmyNdcqrGMdpqvGjNPGX8o63uy2A8o9FpyZELcoZmBnu5DMhZpRVHcjzwlrzgs4MpZU_vC3Ry7u5za701DM_U7tiwWkDxfnEtQUefhq_Zwfm175MzjYCv3U.vXd2B3QTTnQKSW.T77SiZAu9fhh85u_PeFJlcuoGKdWO5duC_ZEKW9tPxGHdLE99aWkbZdVNX.ZcJuPgh5hR2Dz7UwdOLT9RL6NU4LbGNEObKibbbPFSfiD_Bb6B.8_AbyeHX9EXY_Ba.KNXBDB8MSjDVYaLNzU0uzJUmjOQlOCe0vz08rcZtRSZLKuziuDAH70Z6SrD3gv39pqNF260Zvj22qpmuLyJ9FgH2ehGMVkVCYbLJcQraeUJA0RgVDgTfsEBP83W5bD4slbuwgHulieg_gju0aVbDCvdhXQVu2.Evd2QifE75wzyDs73qiE4gRE2j0cyfY4N16AaVyRP1I0u_DWHIiRmua020zo2.x2VGVzLGxnaTctlNLSgx6YLPwU0x8aj3Ampej_mYp_H4CUTA7cBeTMrK8oTvia43TRQAc1zio9P0no4OblO1HMeqowQ2Vl1jNkjIBBFhGjE6FQEOtPTywUKaMMTxBKTT8S9uES2bDPamEMCu81CXgpvDRyBq4qZ0Ra8gPvVWvPp_hacTjoAqWCiPQTfpIccDuEj0kPG2UUM8oIrzPDEopU6wyUqR2DPN6XIZwkL6Qw1n11u_tBG7YJIl1_u5jN916vpr_eMU6I3cmnkjvC5faT_1qfzLFnAAahe8Q2DCu78paNP8uFJ_H0OYPyWZbe6SbYiuvh5LUQe9mPh88Ynw1aSGlhno26GSMJO24Z.pwOChcreqAOu2n7SVl.QJ5ymbdPM.9_UXdX1QeZKor4fI_XlrvYhxAePAXm8OdmH58PFswWXuzxO_BCDbQ3MMHAgQnlnK9DvMsDOa2sjX0wVHljDxDOiLF.iRpt0uPNNqioL_.hxBih__dXTD4kA6eUbSLDqp2cBe97VweDyBzivItVvrIpdzSjIsWT1WXyulHsx9JJj7WWoJMRKFmvC24alZgx53rtY1_U2ZbaiNA66kK_xREWbLCjVWvNXIRoWxvLyDmmVHAhI.keorhAh0iLuoJSWeUZYnwopL89WCqGPcswksEkusYe2BHqYMp1bepUD1qRN8sIU.wXDPOsIhmPgKc5CcEjqNh_xGpOyFhDVN7BEnrlWGUcNbs7RRgfsASAJOUqPcr.O1iSCk_82ZdNU.xPcfBxGWqWA3pATovUTPbmOATZC5qkJjM5xfuxq80vaGOMdgmNVtwYD2nRz6gwSdo4xGpSDY7qGo6XhxZsaLStWK82hEaxF3m_XWVyNGYBn82lGmtTbeNuluSp99geHwiPQhVq8a6kv0S97D8KTQNiCfJ7_ov2bmfs.3U_6XhnbNGGJRmS.VWPBM8cUrgNndGJU2bCHeelJnQsD9ZYuOVWyO7vvIdxC_9WDwY1vXr2F3z...gv8QxiXrYosU7PgEsazS3.TyfGYhdR8QNU9L3kHQiVxdAdeJNweoAx0H5gHz.q1ghwArNAB.GrDs0CE62tmpgzqbvpJkk8z5WmATBSkATKtLTNBKe9Qg"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9134b7635967fdcb';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=all-optical%20function&__cf_chl_rt_tk=m1aNDLVXYEAoIixOMv0wutH7.bSbnmLB7KAH1A_agBw-1739784182-1.0.1.1-N0yfCMScBhoeYQ5SlL8Pm9mZUMO948_71KE2wVLe5aI" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>