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all 100ms;">FAQ</span></a></span></li> <li style="display:inline;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r26673050"><span class="plainlinks"><a href="https://meta-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Research:Data?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=te&amp;_x_tr_hl=te" title="Special:MyLanguage/Research:Data"><span class="blue-button" style="text-rendering: optimizelegibility; transition: all 100ms;">Data</span></a></span></li> <li style="display:inline;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r26673050"><span class="plainlinks"><a href="https://meta-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Research:Resources?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=te&amp;_x_tr_hl=te" title="Special:MyLanguage/Research:Resources"><span class="blue-button" style="text-rendering: optimizelegibility; transition: all 100ms;">Resources</span></a></span></li> <li style="display:inline;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r26673050"><span class="plainlinks"><a href="https://meta-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Research:Newsletter?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=te&amp;_x_tr_hl=te" title="Special:MyLanguage/Research:Newsletter"><span class="blue-button" style="text-rendering: optimizelegibility; transition: all 100ms;">Newsletter</span></a></span></li> <li style="display:inline;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r26673050"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=te&amp;hl=te&amp;u=irc://irc.libera.chat/wikimedia-research"><span class="blue-button" style="text-rendering: optimizelegibility; transition: all 100ms;">Chat</span></a></span></li> </ul> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"> <h2 id="Getting_started">Getting started</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://meta-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Research:Resources&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=te&amp;_x_tr_hl=te" title="Edit section: Getting started"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span> </div> <p>If you're new to Wikimedia research and data, these resources can help you get started:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://meta-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Research:Data?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=te&amp;_x_tr_hl=te" title="Research:Data">Research:Data</a> - Overview of data sources and access methods</li> <li><a href="https://meta-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Research:Data_introduction?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=te&amp;_x_tr_hl=te" title="Research:Data introduction">Research:Data_introduction</a> - Explanation of key concepts and data domains</li> <li>Beginner PAWS notebooks and tutorials: <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=te&amp;hl=te&amp;u=https://public-paws.wmcloud.org/User:Tizianopiccardi/ICWSM_tutorial-content.ipynb">Working with Wikimedia content</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=te&amp;hl=te&amp;u=https://public-paws.wmcloud.org/User:Frimelle/ICWSM_tutorial-WM-community-data.ipynb">Working with community data through the Mediawiki API</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=te&amp;hl=te&amp;u=https://public-paws.wmcloud.org/User:MGerlach_(WMF)/ICWSM2024_Wikimedia-Data-Tutorial/working-with-dumps_HTML.ipynb">Working with HTML dumps</a></li> </ul></li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"> <h2 id="Bibliographies_and_References">Bibliographies and References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://meta-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Research:Resources&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=te&amp;_x_tr_hl=te" title="Edit section: Bibliographies and References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://meta-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wiki_Research_Bibliography?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=te&amp;_x_tr_hl=te" title="Wiki Research Bibliography">Wiki Research Bibliography</a> - a bibliography of research publications.</li> <li><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=te&amp;hl=te&amp;u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_in_academic_studies" class="extiw" title="en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia in academic studies">List of academic studies about Wikipedia</a> (en) on Wikipedia</li> <li><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=te&amp;hl=te&amp;u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Academic_studies_of_health_information_on_Wikipedia" class="extiw" title="en:Wikipedia:Academic studies of health information on Wikipedia">Academic studies of health information on Wikipedia</a> (en) on Wikipedia</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=te&amp;hl=te&amp;u=http://wikindx.inrp.fr/biblio_encyclen/">Wikibibliographie ENCYCLEN</a> (fr/en) - especially see <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=te&amp;hl=te&amp;u=http://www.inrp.fr/vst/Dossiers/Wikipedia/bibliographie.htm">a list</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=te&amp;hl=te&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20161014141801/http://ife.ens-lyon.fr/vst/Synthese/ListeDossiers.php?/Wikipedia/bibliographie.htm">archive</a>) compiled by <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=te&amp;hl=te&amp;u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/fr:Institut_fran%25C3%25A7ais_de_l%2527%25C3%25A9ducation" class="extiw" title="w:fr:Institut français de l'éducation">Institut français de l'éducation</a> (fr)</li> <li><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=te&amp;hl=te&amp;u=https://strategy.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia-pedia/Research" class="extiw" title="strategy:Wikimedia-pedia/Research">strategy:Wikimedia-pedia/Research</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=te&amp;hl=te&amp;u=http://www2.imm.dtu.dk/pubdb/views/edoc_download.php/6012/pdf/imm6012.pdf">Wikipedia research and tools: Review and comments</a>, review by Finn Årup Nielsen<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="https://meta-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Research:Resources?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=te&amp;_x_tr_hl=te#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=te&amp;hl=te&amp;u=http://wikipapers.referata.com">WikiPapers</a>, a wiki research literature compilation (conference papers, journal articles, theses, datasets and tools)</li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=te&amp;hl=te&amp;u=https://query.wikidata.org/embed.html%23SELECT%2520%253Fwork%2520%253FworkLabel%2520%253FprojectLabel%2520WHERE%2520%257B%250A%2520%2520SERVICE%2520wikibase%253Alabel%2520%257B%2520bd%253AserviceParam%2520wikibase%253Alanguage%2520%2522%255BAUTO_LANGUAGE%255D%252Cen%2522.%2520%257D%250A%2520%2520%253Fwork%2520wdt%253AP921%2520%253Fproject.%250A%2520%2520%253Fproject%2520wdt%253AP31%252Fwdt%253AP279%252a%2520wd%253AQ14827288.%250A%257D%250ALIMIT%252010000">Works about Wikimedia projects</a> known to Wikidata</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=te&amp;hl=te&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20190325092509/http://www.floatingsheep.org/search?q%3DWikipedia%26m%3D1">Mapping Wikipedia</a> (en) - various maps using geocoded Wikipedia pages by floatingsheep</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"> <h2 id="Communities_and_Groups">Communities and Groups</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://meta-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Research:Resources&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=te&amp;_x_tr_hl=te" title="Edit section: Communities and Groups"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://meta-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Research/Social_Research_Collaborations?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=te&amp;_x_tr_hl=te" title="Research/Social Research Collaborations">Social Research Collaborations</a></li> <li>dbpedia - Querying Wikipedia like a Database (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=te&amp;hl=te&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20080414191134/http://dbpedia.org/About">archive</a>) (en)</li> <li>Semantic Wiki Interest Group (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=te&amp;hl=te&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513090944/http://www.semanticweb.org/wiki/Semantic_Wiki_Interest_Group">archive</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=te&amp;hl=te&amp;u=http://networkcultures.org/wpmu/cpov/">Critical Point of View (CPoV)</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=te&amp;hl=te&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20190325080613/http://networkcultures.org/cpov/?s%3DCritical%2Bpoint%2Bif%2Bview">archive</a>) <ul> <li>Wikipedia Research Initiative of the Institute of Network Cultures (Netherlands) and the <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=te&amp;hl=te&amp;u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Centre_for_Internet_and_Society_(India)" class="extiw" title="w:en:Centre for Internet and Society (India)">Centre for Internet and Society (India)</a></li> </ul></li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"> <h2 id="Conferences_and_Events">Conferences and Events</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://meta-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Research:Resources&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=te&amp;_x_tr_hl=te" title="Edit section: Conferences and Events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span> </div> <div class="noprint" lang="" dir="auto"> <dl> <dd> <i>Main article: </i><bdi lang=""><a href="https://meta-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Research:Events?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=te&amp;_x_tr_hl=te" title="Research:Events">Research:Events</a></bdi> </dd> </dl> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=te&amp;hl=te&amp;u=https://wikimania.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="wikimania:">Wikimania</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=te&amp;hl=te&amp;u=https://www.thewebconf.org/">The Web Conference</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=te&amp;hl=te&amp;u=https://dl.acm.org/conference/cscw">ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work</a> (CSCW)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=te&amp;hl=te&amp;u=https://wikiworkshop.org/">Wiki Workshop</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=te&amp;hl=te&amp;u=https://dl.acm.org/conference/cikm">Conference on Information and Knowledge Management</a> (CIKM)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=te&amp;hl=te&amp;u=https://recsys.acm.org/">ACM Conference on Recommender Systems</a> (RecSys)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=te&amp;hl=te&amp;u=https://nips.cc/">Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems</a> (NeurIPS)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=te&amp;hl=te&amp;u=https://opensym.org/">OpenSym</a></li> <li>CoNLL</li> <li>ICDM</li> <li>WSDM</li> <li>AAAI</li> <li>ACM FAT</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"> <h2 id="Research_Tools:_Statistics,_Visualization,_etc."><span id="Research_Tools:_Statistics.2C_Visualization.2C_etc."></span>Research Tools: Statistics, Visualization, etc.</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://meta-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Research:Resources&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=te&amp;_x_tr_hl=te" title="Edit section: Research Tools: Statistics, Visualization, etc."><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span> </div> <dl> <dd> <i>See also: 4useful statistics about users and pages, and has interesting features like differentiating between types of edits. </i> </dd> </dl> <ul> <li><a href="https://meta-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikistats?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=te&amp;_x_tr_hl=te" class="mw-disambig" title="Wikistats">Wikistats</a></li> <li><a href="https://meta-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/WikiXRay?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=te&amp;_x_tr_hl=te" title="WikiXRay">WikiXRay</a> A Python tool collecting scripts to automate the quantitative analysis of any language version of Wikipedia. Mainly developed to support the analyses included in Felipe Ortega's PhD. thesis <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=te&amp;hl=te&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20101030093005/http://libresoft.es/Members/jfelipe/phd-thesis">"Wikipedia: A quantitative analysis"</a></li> <li><a href="https://meta-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/StatMediaWiki?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=te&amp;_x_tr_hl=te" title="StatMediaWiki">StatMediaWiki</a>, a statistical analysis tool for wikis</li> <li>Related pages: <ul> <li><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=te&amp;hl=te&amp;u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Computer_help_desk" class="extiw" title="en:Wikipedia:Computer help desk">en:Wikipedia:Computer help desk</a></li> <li><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=te&amp;hl=te&amp;u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Scripts" class="extiw" title="en:Wikipedia:Scripts">en:Wikipedia:Scripts</a> - mainly scripts to activate wikilinks in various IRC programs</li> <li><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=te&amp;hl=te&amp;u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools" class="extiw" title="en:Wikipedia:Tools">en:Wikipedia:Tools</a> - various types of tools: bookmarklets, user scripts, etc.</li> <li><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=te&amp;hl=te&amp;u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_User_CSS" class="extiw" title="en:Wikipedia:WikiProject User CSS">en:Wikipedia:WikiProject User CSS</a> - a similar project</li> </ul></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=te&amp;hl=te&amp;u=https://wiki.digitalmethods.net/Dmi/ToolDatabase?cat%3DDeviceCentric%26subcat%3DWikipedia">DMI Tools pertaining to Wikipedia</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=te&amp;hl=te&amp;u=https://retention.toolforge.org/">User retention analysis</a></li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"> <h2 id="Wikimedia_Research_Links">Wikimedia Research Links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://meta-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Research:Resources&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=te&amp;_x_tr_hl=te" title="Edit section: Wikimedia Research Links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://meta-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artikel_in_Information_Wissenschaft_%26_Praxis?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=te&amp;_x_tr_hl=te" title="Artikel in Information Wissenschaft &amp; Praxis">Artikel in Information Wissenschaft &amp; Praxis</a> (de, 2004)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=te&amp;hl=te&amp;u=https://www.google.com/search?q%3DWikipedia%2Bresearch%2B-%2522original%2Bresearch%2522%2Bsite%253Amail.wikipedia.org">Search for 'Wikipedia+Research at our mailing lists</a></li> <li><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=te&amp;hl=te&amp;u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProjekt_Selbstreflexion_der_Wikipedia" class="extiw" title="de:Wikipedia:WikiProjekt Selbstreflexion der Wikipedia">Selbstreflexion_der_Wikipedia</a> (de) <ul> <li><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=te&amp;hl=te&amp;u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedistik/Bibliographie" class="extiw" title="de:Wikipedia:Wikipedistik/Bibliographie">/Bibliographie</a> - bibliography (mostly moved to <a href="https://meta-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Research:Resources?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=te&amp;_x_tr_hl=te#_Wiki_Research_Bibliography"># Wiki Research Bibliography</a>)</li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=te&amp;hl=te&amp;u=https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/en:Wiki_Science:Wikiresearch" class="extiw" title="b:en:Wiki Science:Wikiresearch">Wikibooks:Wikiresearch</a> (en)</li> <li><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=te&amp;hl=te&amp;u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedistik" class="extiw" title="de:Wikipedia:Wikipedistik">Wikipedistik</a> (de)</li> <li><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=te&amp;hl=te&amp;u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Ethically_researching_Wikipedia" class="extiw" title="w:Wikipedia:Ethically researching Wikipedia">Ethically researching Wikipedia</a></li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"> <h2 id="Style_guides">Style guides</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://meta-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Research:Resources&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=te&amp;_x_tr_hl=te" title="Edit section: Style guides"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=te&amp;hl=te&amp;u=https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Product_Analytics/Style_guide" class="extiw" title="mw:Product Analytics/Style guide">Product Analytics style guide</a>: code conventions for SQL, Python, and R. Consider adopting them to make your work more consistent and easier for others in the movement to read!</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"> <h2 id="Miscellaneous_Links">Miscellaneous Links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://meta-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Research:Resources&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=te&amp;_x_tr_hl=te" title="Edit section: Miscellaneous Links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span> </div> <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=te&amp;hl=te&amp;u=https://www.iqsdirectory.com/researchwiki/research-and-statistics-Harvard">[1]</a> technical industry collaboration methods in science</li> </ul> <div class="mw-references-wrap"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://meta-wikimedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Research:Resources?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=te&amp;_x_tr_hl=te#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Nielsen, Finn Årup (24 January 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=te&amp;hl=te&amp;u=http://www2.imm.dtu.dk/pubdb/views/edoc_download.php/6012/pdf/imm6012.pdf"><i>Wikipedia research and tools: Review and comments</i></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmeta.wikimedia.org%3AResearch%3AResources&amp;rft.aufirst=Finn+%C3%85rup&amp;rft.aulast=Nielsen&amp;rft.btitle=Wikipedia+research+and+tools%3A+Review+and+comments&amp;rft.date=24+January+2019&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.imm.dtu.dk%2Fpubdb%2Fviews%2Fedoc_download.php%2F6012%2Fpdf%2Fimm6012.pdf&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> </ol> </div><!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6b6f6c8754‐xpjnx Cached time: 20250126234227 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.077 seconds Real time usage: 0.108 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 631/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 7100/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 648/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 10/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 5947/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.015/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1211137/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 93.930 1 -total 34.43% 32.342 1 Template:Main 29.99% 28.173 1 Research:Index/header 24.65% 23.151 1 Template:Cite_book 16.91% 15.886 1 Template:Int 15.99% 15.023 7 Template:Blue_button 6.17% 5.796 1 Template:List 2.96% 2.778 2 Template:BCP47 2.10% 1.975 2 Template:Dir --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key metawiki:pcache:554335:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20250126234227 and revision id 27735068. 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