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metaphor theory</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: conceptual metaphor theory"> <meta name="keywords" content="conceptual metaphor theory"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="conceptual metaphor theory"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 5716</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: conceptual metaphor theory</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5716</span> The Application of Conceptual Metaphor Theory to the Treatment of Depression</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Uma%20Kanth">Uma Kanth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amy%20Cook"> Amy Cook</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT) proposes that metaphor is fundamental to human thought. CMT utilizes embodied cognition, in that emotions are conceptualized as effects on the body because of a coupling of one’s bodily experiences and one’s somatosensory system. Time perception is a function of embodied cognition and conceptual metaphor in that one’s experience of time is inextricably dependent on one’s perception of the world around them. A hallmark of depressive disorders is the distortion in one’s perception of time, such as neurological dysfunction and psychomotor retardation, and yet, to the author’s best knowledge, previous studies have not before linked CMT, embodied cognition, and depressive disorders. Therefore, the focus of this paper is the investigation of how the applications of CMT and embodied cognition (especially regarding time perception) have promise in improving current techniques to treat depressive disorders. This paper aimed to extend, through a thorough review of literature, the theoretical basis required to further research into CMT and embodied cognition’s application in treating time distortion related symptoms of depressive disorders. Future research could include the development of brain training technologies that capitalize on the principles of CMT, with the aim of promoting cognitive remediation and cognitive activation to mitigate symptoms of depressive disorder. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=depression" title="depression">depression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conceptual%20metaphor%20theory" title=" conceptual metaphor theory"> conceptual metaphor theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=embodied%20cognition" title=" embodied cognition"> embodied cognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time" title=" time"> time</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121588/the-application-of-conceptual-metaphor-theory-to-the-treatment-of-depression" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121588.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">162</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5715</span> Temporal Axis in Japanese: The Paradox of a Metaphorical Orientation in Time</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tomoko%20Usui">Tomoko Usui</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the field of linguistics, it has been said that concepts associated with space and motion systematically contribute structure to the temporal concept. This is the conceptual metaphor theory. conceptual metaphors typically employ a more abstract concept (time) as their target and a more concrete or physical concept as their source (space). This paper will examine two major temporal conceptual metaphors: Ego-centered Moving Time Metaphor and Time-RP Metaphor. Moving time generally receives a front-back orientation, however, Japanese shows a different orientation given to time. By means of Ego perspective, this paper will illustrate the paradox of a metaphorical orientation in time. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ego-centered%20Moving%20Time%20Metaphor" title="Ego-centered Moving Time Metaphor">Ego-centered Moving Time Metaphor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Japanese%20saki" title=" Japanese saki"> Japanese saki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temporal%20metaphors" title=" temporal metaphors"> temporal metaphors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Time%20RP%20Metaphor" title=" Time RP Metaphor"> Time RP Metaphor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40111/temporal-axis-in-japanese-the-paradox-of-a-metaphorical-orientation-in-time" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40111.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">496</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5714</span> The Universal Cultural Associations in the Conceptual Metaphors Used in the Headlines of Arab News and Saudi Gazette Newspapers: A Critical Cognitive Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hind%20Hassan%20Arruwaite">Hind Hassan Arruwaite</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Conceptual metaphor is a cognitive semantic tool that provides access to people's conceptual systems. The correlation in the human conceptual system surpasses limited time and specific cultures. The universal associations provide universal schemas that organize people's conceptualization of the world. The study aims to explore how the cultural associations used in conceptual metaphors create commonalities and harmony between people of the world. In the research methodology, the researcher implemented Critical Metaphor Analysis, Metaphor Candidate Identification and Metaphor Identification Procedure models to deliver qualitative and descriptive findings. The semantic tension was the key criterion in identifying metaphorically used words in the headlines. The research materials are the oil trade conceptual metaphors used in the headlines of Arab News and Saudi Gazette Newspapers. The data will be uploaded to the self-constructed corpus to examine electronic lists for identifying conceptual metaphors. The study investigates the types of conceptual metaphors used in the headlines of the newspapers, the cultural associations identified in the conceptual metaphors, and whether the identified cultural associations in conceptual metaphors create universal conceptual schemas. The study aligned with previous seminal works on conceptual metaphor theory in emphasizing the distinctive power of conceptual metaphors in exposing the cultural associations that unify people's perceptions. The correlation of people conceptualization provides universal schemas that involve elements of human sensorimotor experiences. The study contributes to exposing the shared cultural associations that ensure the commonality of all humankind's thinking mechanism. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=critical%20discourse%20analysis" title="critical discourse analysis">critical discourse analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=critical%20metaphor%20analysis" title=" critical metaphor analysis"> critical metaphor analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conceptual%20metaphor%20theory" title=" conceptual metaphor theory"> conceptual metaphor theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primary%20and%20specific%20metaphors" title=" primary and specific metaphors"> primary and specific metaphors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corpus-driven%20approach" title=" corpus-driven approach"> corpus-driven approach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=universal%20associations" title=" universal associations"> universal associations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20schema" title=" image schema"> image schema</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensorimotor%20experience" title=" sensorimotor experience"> sensorimotor experience</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oil%20trade" title=" oil trade"> oil trade</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143748/the-universal-cultural-associations-in-the-conceptual-metaphors-used-in-the-headlines-of-arab-news-and-saudi-gazette-newspapers-a-critical-cognitive-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143748.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">201</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5713</span> The Saying of Conceptual Metaphors about Law, Righteousness, and Justice in the Old Testament: Cardinal Tendencies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ivana%20Prochazkova">Ivana Prochazkova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cognitive linguistics offers biblical scholarship a specific methodological tool for analysis and interpretation of metaphorical expressions. Its methodology makes it possible to study processes involved in constructing the meaning of individual metaphorical expressions and whole conceptual metaphors; to analyze their function in the text; to follow the semantic development of concepts and conceptual domains, and to trace semantic changes and their motivation. The legal language in the Hebrew canon is extremely specific and formalized. Especially in the preambles to the collections of laws in the Pentateuch, more general considerations of the motif of keeping and breaking the law are encountered. This is also true in the psalms and wisdom literature. Legal theory and the philosophy of law deal with these motifs today. Metaphors play an important role in texts that reflect on more general issues. The purpose of this conference contribution is to write all over the central metaphorical concept, conceptual metaphor ךרד תורה (TORAH/LAW IS A JOURNEY), its function in the Torah and principal trends of the further development in the Prophets and the Writings. The conceptual metaphor תורה ךרד (TORAH/LAW IS A JOURNEY) constitutes a coherent system in conjunction with other metaphors that include e.g., conceptual metaphors נחה תורה (TORAH/LAW LEADS); its variant רעה תורה (TORAH IS A SHEPHERD/GUIDE); מקור תורה (TORAH/LAW IS A FOUNTAIN/A SOURCE OF LIFE). Some conceptual metaphors are well known, and their using are conventional (עשׁר תורה TORAH/LAW IS RICHES, שׂשׂון תורה TORAH/LAW IS DELIGHT, דבשׁ תורה TORAH/LAW IS HONEY, שׁמשׁ תורה TORAH/LAW IS SUN ). But some conceptual metaphors are by its occurrence innovative and unique (e.g., שׁריון תורה TORAH /LAW IS BODY ARMOR, כובע תורה TORAH /LAW IS A HELMET, בגד תורה TORAH/LAW IS A GARMENT, etc.). There will be given examples. Conceptual metaphors will be described by means of some 'metaphorical vehicles,' which are Hebrew expressions in the source domain that are repeatedly used in metaphorical conceptualizations of the target domain(s). Conceptual metaphors will be further described by means of 'generic narrative structures,' which are the particular aspects of a conceptual metaphor that emerge during the metaphorical structuring of concepts. They are the units of the metaphorical vehicles – the Hebrew expressions in the source domain – that structure concepts in much the same way that the conceptual metaphor in the target domain does. And finally, they will be described by means of the network of correspondences that exist between metaphorical vehicles – or generic metaphorical structures – and the Hebrew expressions in the target domain. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cognitive%20theology" title="cognitive theology">cognitive theology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conceptual%20metaphor%20in%20the%20Old%20Testament" title=" conceptual metaphor in the Old Testament"> conceptual metaphor in the Old Testament</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conceptual%20metaphors%20of%20the%20Torah" title=" conceptual metaphors of the Torah"> conceptual metaphors of the Torah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conceptual%20domain%20of%20law" title=" conceptual domain of law"> conceptual domain of law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=righteousness" title=" righteousness"> righteousness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=and%20justice" title=" and justice"> and justice</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93054/the-saying-of-conceptual-metaphors-about-law-righteousness-and-justice-in-the-old-testament-cardinal-tendencies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93054.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">201</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5712</span> Conceptual Metaphors of Responsibility in Arabic to English Translation of Political Speeches: A Corpus-Based Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amr%20Anany">Amr Anany</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study offers a corpus-based analysis of the conceptual metaphors of RESPONSIBILITY inherent in the Arabic political speeches of King Abdulla II and their English translations rendered by the translators of the Royal Hashemite Court ("RHC translators"). In view of the Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT), the current study aims to uncover the extent to which the dominant ideology in the source Arabic speeches of King Abdulla II is conveyed into the target English translation. The study explores a bilingual corpus, including eleven authentic Arabic speeches delivered by King Abdulla II and their English translations. The study finds that both Arabic and English share several metaphorical expressions of RESPONSIBILITY that are based on bodily experience such as RESPONSIBILITY IS UP, RESPONSIBILITY IS AN OBJECT, and RESPONSIBILITY IS AN HONOR. Apparently, the study concludes that RHC translators succeed to convey the dominant ideology from the source Arabic speeches to the English ones using specific translation strategies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cognitive%20linguistics" title="cognitive linguistics">cognitive linguistics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CDA" title=" CDA"> CDA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conceptual%20metaphor%20theory" title=" conceptual metaphor theory"> conceptual metaphor theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ideology" title=" ideology"> ideology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=responsibility" title=" responsibility"> responsibility</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175471/conceptual-metaphors-of-responsibility-in-arabic-to-english-translation-of-political-speeches-a-corpus-based-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175471.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">71</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5711</span> Metaphors in Egyptian News Headlines in Relation to the Egyptian Political Situation 2012-2013</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wesam%20Mohamed%20Abdel%20Khalek%20Ibrahim">Wesam Mohamed Abdel Khalek Ibrahim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper examines the use of metaphors in Arabic political news discourse, focusing particularly on the headlines of the news articles relating to the Egyptian political situation in the period from June 2012 to October 2013. Metaphors are skilfully manipulated in the headlines to influence the public stance towards several events and entities including Egypt, Muslim Brotherhood (MB), Morsi, the June 30th uprising, Al-Sisi and the Armed Forces. The findings reveal that Arabic political news discourse shares basic features with its English counterpart, namely the use of metaphors as persuasive strategies and the presence of certain target domains. Insights gained from this study feed back into the conceptual metaphor theory by providing further evidence to the universality of metaphors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conceptual%20metaphor%20theory" title="conceptual metaphor theory">conceptual metaphor theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20discourse" title=" political discourse"> political discourse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=news%20discourse" title=" news discourse"> news discourse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Egyptian%20political%20situation" title=" Egyptian political situation"> Egyptian political situation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66807/metaphors-in-egyptian-news-headlines-in-relation-to-the-egyptian-political-situation-2012-2013" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66807.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">504</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5710</span> University Level Spanish Heritage Language Students' Use of Metaphor in Writing: Exploring Auto-Biographical Linguistic Narratives</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lorraine%20Ramos">Lorraine Ramos</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The question of heritage language learners in foreign language classrooms has been widely debated in second language education, especially with Spanish in a U.S. Instructors of Spanish as a foreign language have brought pedagogical focus to Spanish heritage language students in order to retain, develop and maintain their first language. This paper proposes a thorough examination of the use of conceptual metaphors within autobiographical linguistic narratives as a key indicator of the writing development of advanced Spanish-language students. By pairing genre theory from Systemic Functional Linguistics with metaphor theory, this paper will examine the metaphors used by 3rd and 4th year university Spanish students within the narrative genre from a corpus of 16, 091 words. The investigation has found that heritage language students use a variety of bicultural metaphors, transferred from both languages to conceptualize their linguistic development, in addition to using metaphor in specific narrative stages as a literary strategy. Since it has been found that the metaphors used were transcultural, the use of conceptual metaphors in heritage language learners can be further examined to help these students achieve their linguistic and academic goals in the Spanish by transferring from their knowledge in English. In conclusion, by closely examining the function of student discourse through their multicultural metaphoric competence, this study provides important insights on how to enable instructors to best further their students’ writing development in the target language. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=academic%20writing%20development" title="academic writing development">academic writing development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heritage%20language%20learners" title=" heritage language learners"> heritage language learners</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20attitudes%20and%20ideologies" title=" language attitudes and ideologies"> language attitudes and ideologies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metaphor" title=" metaphor"> metaphor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94067/university-level-spanish-heritage-language-students-use-of-metaphor-in-writing-exploring-auto-biographical-linguistic-narratives" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94067.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">228</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5709</span> Shaking the Iceberg: Metaphoric Shifting and Loss in the German Translations of 'The Sun Also Rises' </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christopher%20Dick">Christopher Dick</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> While the translation of 'literal language' poses numerous challenges for the translator, the translation of 'figurative language' creates even more complicated issues. It has been only in the last several decades that scholars have attempted to propose theories of figurative language translation, including metaphor translation. Even less work has applied these theories to metaphoric translation in literary texts. And almost no work has linked an analysis of metaphors in translation with the recent scholarship on conceptual metaphors. A study of literature in translation must not only examine the inevitable shifts that occur as specific metaphors move from source language to target language but also analyze the ways in which these shifts impact conceptual metaphors and, ultimately, the text as a whole. Doing so contributes to on-going efforts to bridge the sometimes wide gulf between considerations of content and form in literary studies. This paper attempts to add to the body of scholarly literature on metaphor translation and the function of metaphor in a literary text. Specifically, the study examines the metaphoric expressions in Hemingway’s The Sun Also Rises. First, the issue of Hemingway and metaphor is addressed. Next, the study examines the specific metaphors in the original novel in English and the German translations, first in Annemarie Horschitz’s 1928 German version and then in the recent Werner Schmitz 2013 translation. Hemingway’s metaphors, far from being random occurrences of figurative language, are linguistic manifestations of deeper conceptual metaphors that are central to an interpretation of the text. By examining the modifications that are made to these original metaphoric expressions as they are translated into German, one can begin to appreciate the shifts involved with metaphor translation. The translation of Hemingway’s metaphors into German represents significant metaphoric loss and shifting that subsequently shakes the important conceptual metaphors in the novel. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hemingway" title="Hemingway">Hemingway</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Conceptual%20Metaphor" title=" Conceptual Metaphor"> Conceptual Metaphor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Translation" title=" Translation"> Translation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stylistics" title=" Stylistics"> Stylistics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60050/shaking-the-iceberg-metaphoric-shifting-and-loss-in-the-german-translations-of-the-sun-also-rises" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60050.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">356</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5708</span> The English Translation of Arabic Metaphors in the Holy Qura’n</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Hamzah%20Alshehab">Mohammad Hamzah Alshehab</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Metaphor is a substitute expression in everyday life in languages, thoughts and actions. It has an original value in language use with different conceptual, grammatical and properties. In addition, it is a central concept in literary studies. The present paper aims at investigating metaphor’s types imbedded in some Holy Verses (HV). For achieving the objectives of this paper, two English versions were chosen , the first is the Translation of the Meanings of the Noble Qura’n in the English Language by Mohammad AlHilali and Mohammad Khan, and the second version is the English Translation of the Holy Qura’n by Mohammad Ali were used. The researcher selected (20) Holy Verses include metaphors to be analyzed and investigated. Metaphor types were categorized by an assessment of the two translations followed by a discussion between the two versions of translation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metaphor" title="metaphor">metaphor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metaphor%E2%80%99s%20types" title=" metaphor’s types"> metaphor’s types</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Holy%20Qura%E2%80%99n" title=" Holy Qura’n"> Holy Qura’n</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Holy%20Verses" title=" Holy Verses "> Holy Verses </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13557/the-english-translation-of-arabic-metaphors-in-the-holy-quran" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13557.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">653</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5707</span> Music as Source Domain: A Cross-Linguistic Exploration of Conceptual Metaphors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eleanor%20Sweeney">Eleanor Sweeney</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chunyuan%20Di"> Chunyuan Di</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The metaphors people use in everyday discourse do not arise randomly; rather, they develop from our physical experiences in our social and cultural environments. Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT) explains that through metaphor, we apply our embodied understanding of the physical world to non-material concepts to understand and express abstract concepts. Our most productive source domains derive from our embodied understanding and allow us to develop primary metaphors, and from primary metaphors, an elaborate, creative world of culturally constructed complex metaphors. Cognitive Linguistics researchers draw upon individual embodied experience for primary metaphors. Socioculturally embodied experience through music has long furnished linguistic expressions in diverse languages, as conceptual metaphors or everyday expressions.  Can a socially embodied experience function in the same way as an individually embodied experience in the creation of conceptual metaphors? The authors argue that since music is inherently social and embodied, musical experiences function as a richly motivated source domain. The focus of this study is socially embodied musical experience which is then reflected and expressed through metaphors. This cross-linguistic study explores music as a source domain for metaphors of social alignment in English, French, and Chinese. The authors explored two public discourse sites, Facebook and Linguée, in order to collect linguistic metaphors from three different languages. By conducting this cross-linguistic study, cross-cultural similarities and differences in metaphors for which music is the source domain can be examined. Different musical elements, such as melody, speed, rhythm and harmony, are analyzed for their possible metaphoric meanings of social alignment. Our findings suggest that the general metaphor cooperation is music is a productive metaphor with some subcases, and that correlated social behaviors can be metaphorically expressed with certain elements in music. For example, since performance is a subset of the category behavior, there is a natural mapping from performance in music to behavior in social settings: social alignment is musical performance. Musical performance entails a collective social expectation that exerts control over individual behavior.  When individual behavior does not align with the collective social expectation, music-related expressions are often used to express how the individual is violating social norms. Moreover, when individuals do align their behavior with social norms, similar musical expressions are used. Cooperation is a crucial social value in all cultures, indeed it is a key element of survival, and music provides a coherent, consistent, and rich source domain—one based upon a universal and definitive cultural practice. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chinese" title="Chinese">Chinese</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Conceptual%20Metaphor%20Theory" title=" Conceptual Metaphor Theory"> Conceptual Metaphor Theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cross-linguistic" title=" cross-linguistic"> cross-linguistic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=culturally%20embodied%20experience" title=" culturally embodied experience"> culturally embodied experience</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=English" title=" English"> English</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=French" title=" French"> French</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metaphor" title=" metaphor"> metaphor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=music" title=" music"> music</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87453/music-as-source-domain-a-cross-linguistic-exploration-of-conceptual-metaphors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87453.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">171</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5706</span> Metaphors Investigation between President Xi Jinping of China and Trump of Us on the Corpus-Based Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jie%20Zheng">Jie Zheng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ruifeng%20Luo"> Ruifeng Luo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The United States is the world’s most developed economy with the strongest military power. China is the fastest growing country with growing comprehensive strength and its economic strength is second only to the US. However, the conflict between them is getting serious in recent years. President’s address is the representative of a nation’s ideology. The paper has built up a small sized corpus of President Xi Jinping and Trump’s speech in Davos to investigate their respective use and types of metaphors and calculate the respective percentage of each type of metaphor. The result shows President Xi Jinping employs more metaphors than Trump. The metaphors of Xi includes “building” metaphor, “plant” metaphor, “journey” metaphor, “ship” metaphor, “traffic” metaphor, “nation is a person” metaphor, “show” metaphor, etc while Trump’s comprises “war” metaphor, “building” metaphor, “journey” metaphor, “traffic” metaphor, “tax” metaphor, “book” metaphor, etc. After investigating metaphor use differences, the paper makes an analysis of the underlying ideology between the two nations. China is willing to strengthen ties with all the countries all over the world and has built a platform of development for them and itself to go to the destination of social well being while the US pays much concern to itself, emphasizing its first leading position and is also willing to help its alliances to development. The paper’s comparison of the ideology difference between the two countries will help them get a better understanding and reduce the conflict to some extent. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metaphor%3B%20corpus%3B%20ideology%3B%20conflict" title="metaphor; corpus; ideology; conflict">metaphor; corpus; ideology; conflict</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106973/metaphors-investigation-between-president-xi-jinping-of-china-and-trump-of-us-on-the-corpus-based-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106973.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">147</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5705</span> Comparing Russian and American Students’ Metaphorical Competence</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Svetlana%20L.%20Mishlanova">Svetlana L. Mishlanova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Evgeniia%20V.%20Ermakova"> Evgeniia V. Ermakova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mariia%20E.%20Timirkina"> Mariia E. Timirkina</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper is concerned with the study of metaphor production in essays written by Russian and English native speakers in the framework of cognitive metaphor theory. It considers metaphorical competence as individual’s ability to recognize, understand and use metaphors in speech. The work analyzes the influence of visual metaphor on production and density of conventional and novel verbal metaphors. The main methods of research include experiment connected with image interpretation, metaphor identification procedure (MIPVU) and visual conventional metaphors identification procedure proposed by VisMet group. The research findings will be used in the project aimed at comparing metaphorical competence of native and non-native English speakers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metaphor" title="metaphor">metaphor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metaphorical%20competence" title=" metaphorical competence"> metaphorical competence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conventional" title=" conventional"> conventional</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=novel" title=" novel"> novel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68451/comparing-russian-and-american-students-metaphorical-competence" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68451.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">286</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5704</span> Metaphors, Cognition, and Action: Conceptual Metaphor Analysis of President Akuffo-Addo’s Speeches in the COVID-19 Crisis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isaac%20Kwabena%20Adubofour">Isaac Kwabena Adubofour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Esther%20Serwaah%20Afreh"> Esther Serwaah Afreh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Political speeches are structured in ways that ensure that the ideology of the leader is communicated in ways that the opinions of the audience are influenced towards certain lines of action, and in crisis situations like the outbreak of a global pandemic, public opinion and action are influenced through speeches. The foregoing explains the presence of metaphors in presidential speeches. Crises require, among other things, that the thoughts, emotions, and actions of the population are controlled in dealing with the problems at hand. The primary question this study assesses is how the use of metaphors in crisis situations, like the COVID-19 pandemic, influences thought, determines the policies a government adopts, and influences the reactions of the people. The study focused on twenty-four (24) addresses of the President of Ghana, Nana Addo Danquah Akuffo-Addo, on the COVID-19 pandemic and his government’s efforts to manage the crisis. The nature and relevance of presidential speeches and the presence of metaphors in such speeches have been investigated. However, there is a paucity of research on the connection between the presence of metaphors in presidential speeches and their influence on thought and action. Especially within the crisis of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is pertinent to investigate how the presence of metaphors in presidential addresses influences social thought and action. Thus, the current study sought to investigate the potential for metaphor use to influence thought and action on a national scale during the COVID crisis. The speeches were collected from the website of the presidency. The analysis was done using Metaphor Identification Process by the Praglejazz Group (2007) with conceptual metaphor theory (Lakoff & Johnson, 1980) as the theoretical foundation. The findings of the study show that the President’s adoption of war metaphors may not have been ideal since it triggered thoughts, policies, and social actions in line with war. For instance, the reference to health workers as heroes, heroines, and frontline workers praised the efforts of these workers over the efforts of the rest of the population, and that may have contributed to the apathy that arose among the citizens in dealing with the pandemic. This prioritization of the frontline workers explains why their taxes were forgiven for a considerable period. The government further absorbed utility bills of citizens during the pandemic. All these financial commitments may not have been advisable for a developing country like Ghana, but the authors argue that the actions may have been influenced by the metaphor that was adopted. Another finding that is explored is the problem of stigmatization in the country during the pandemic and its connection with the war metaphor. This investigation expands the research on metaphors, social thought and action, and crisis communication. Its contribution to metaphor use, thought, and action suggest its potential implication for education and other fields. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conceptual%20metaphor%20theory" title="conceptual metaphor theory">conceptual metaphor theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COVID-19" title=" COVID-19"> COVID-19</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crisis%20communication" title=" crisis communication"> crisis communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=presidential%20addresses" title=" presidential addresses"> presidential addresses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20communication" title=" risk communication"> risk communication</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149612/metaphors-cognition-and-action-conceptual-metaphor-analysis-of-president-akuffo-addos-speeches-in-the-covid-19-crisis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149612.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">104</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5703</span> Metaphor Institutionalization as Phase Transition: Case Studies of Chinese Metaphors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xuri%20Tang">Xuri Tang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ting%20Pan"> Ting Pan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Metaphor institutionalization refers to the propagation of a metaphor that leads to its acceptance in speech community as a norm of the language. Such knowledge is important to both theoretical studies of metaphor and practical disciplines such as lexicography and language generation. This paper reports an empirical study of metaphor institutionalization of 14 Chinese metaphors. It first explores the pattern of metaphor institutionalization by fitting the logistic function (or S-shaped curve) to time series data of conventionality of the metaphors that are automatically obtained from a large-scale diachronic Chinese corpus. Then it reports a questionnaire-based survey on the propagation scale of each metaphor, which is measured by the average number of subjects that can easily understand the metaphorical expressions. The study provides two pieces of evidence supporting the hypothesis that metaphor institutionalization is a phrase transition: (1) the pattern of metaphor institutionalization is an S-shaped curve and (2) institutionalized metaphors generally do not propagate to the whole community but remain in equilibrium state. This conclusion helps distinguish metaphor institutionalization from topicalization and other types of semantic change. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metaphor%20institutionalization" title="metaphor institutionalization">metaphor institutionalization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phase%20transition" title=" phase transition"> phase transition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=propagation%20scale" title=" propagation scale"> propagation scale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=s-shaped%20curve" title=" s-shaped curve"> s-shaped curve</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88692/metaphor-institutionalization-as-phase-transition-case-studies-of-chinese-metaphors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88692.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">171</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5702</span> Theoretical Reflections on Metaphor and Cohesion and the Coherence of Face-To-Face Interactions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Afef%20Badri">Afef Badri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The role of metaphor in creating the coherence and the cohesion of discourse in online interactive talk has almost received no attention. This paper intends to provide some theoretical reflections on metaphorical coherence as a jointly constructed process that evolves in online, face-to-face interactions. It suggests that the presence of a global conceptual structure in a conversation makes it conceptually cohesive. Yet, coherence remains a process largely determined by other variables (shared goals, communicative intentions, and framework of understanding). Metaphorical coherence created by these variables can be useful in detecting bias in media reporting. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coherence" title="coherence">coherence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cohesion" title=" cohesion"> cohesion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=face-to-face%20interactions" title=" face-to-face interactions"> face-to-face interactions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metaphor" title=" metaphor"> metaphor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68682/theoretical-reflections-on-metaphor-and-cohesion-and-the-coherence-of-face-to-face-interactions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68682.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">247</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5701</span> Theater Metaphor in Event Quantification: A Corpus Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhuo%20Jing-Schmidt">Zhuo Jing-Schmidt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jun%20Lang"> Jun Lang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Numeral classifiers are common in Asian languages. Research on numeral classifiers primarily focuses on noun classifiers that quantify and individuate nominal referents. There is a scarcity of research on event quantification using verb classifiers. This study aims to understand the semantic and conceptual basis of event quantification in Chinese. From a usage-based Construction Grammar perspective, this study presents a corpus analysis of event quantification in Chinese. Drawing on a large balanced corpus of contemporary Chinese, we analyze 667 NOUN col-lexemes totaling 31136 tokens of a productive numeral classifier construction in Chinese. Using collostructional analysis of the collexemes, the results show that the construction quantifies and classifies dramatic events using a theater-based conceptual metaphor. We argue that the usage patterns reflect the cultural entrenchment of theater as in Chinese conceptualization and the construal of theatricality in linguistic expression. The study has implications for cognitive semantics and construction grammar. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=event%20quantification" title="event quantification">event quantification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=classifier" title=" classifier"> classifier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corpus" title=" corpus"> corpus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metaphor" title=" metaphor"> metaphor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171981/theater-metaphor-in-event-quantification-a-corpus-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171981.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">85</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5700</span> Like Making an Ancient Urn: Metaphor Conceptualization of L2 Writing </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhalim%20Muhalim">Muhalim Muhalim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Drawing on Lakoff’s theory of metaphor conceptualization, this article explores the conceptualization of language two writing (L2W) of ten students-teachers in Indonesia via metaphors. The ten postgraduate English language teaching students and at the same time (former) English teachers received seven days of intervention in teaching and learning L2. Using introspective log and focus group discussion, the results illuminate us that all participants are unanimous on perceiving L2W as process-oriented rather than product-oriented activity. Specifically, the metaphor conceptualizations exhibit three categories of process-oriented L2W: deliberate process, learning process, and problem-solving process. However, it has to be clarified from the outset that this categorization is not rigid because some of the properties of metaphors might belong to other categories. Results of the study and implications for English language teaching will be further discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metaphor%20conceptualisation" title="metaphor conceptualisation">metaphor conceptualisation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=second%20language" title=" second language"> second language</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learning%20writing" title=" learning writing"> learning writing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teaching%20writing" title=" teaching writing"> teaching writing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63962/like-making-an-ancient-urn-metaphor-conceptualization-of-l2-writing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63962.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">413</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5699</span> A Blending Analysis of Metaphors and Metonymies Used to Depict the Deal of the Century by Jordanian Cartoonists</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aseel%20Zibin">Aseel Zibin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdel%20Rahman%20Altakhaineh"> Abdel Rahman Altakhaineh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study analyses 30 cartoons depicting THE DEAL OF THE CENTURY as envisaged by two Jordanian cartoonists, namely, EmadHajjaj and Osama Hajjaj. Conceptual Blending Theory (CBT) and Multimodal Metaphor Theory (MMT) are adopted as a theoretical framework to interpret the metaphors and metonymies used in the target cartoons. The results reveal that the target domain THE DEAL OF THE CENTURY was conceptualized mainly through layered metaphors that have metonymic basis and event metaphors\allegories. Specifically, 6 groups were identified: OBJECT or a situation involving OBJECTS, situations involving HUMANS\HYBRIDS of HUMANS and OBJECTS, an ANIMAL OR situation involving an ANIMAL, hybrids of WEAPONS and humans, and event metaphors used to build a story\allegory. The target domain was also depicted via event metaphors used to build a story; some of which are embedded in the Jordanian culture, while others could be perceivable cross-culturally. The results also demonstrate that the most widely used configurations to construe the metaphors was the pictorial source–verbal target in line with Lan and Zuo (2016); the motivation was probably the greater conceptual density and concreteness of visual representation since the target is better captured verbally because of its abstractness. The use of cross-modal mappings of this type was attributed to the abstractness of the target domain, THE DEAL OF THE CENTURY, which makes it more construable via verbal cues rather than visual ones. In contrast, the source domains used were mainly concrete and thus perceivable pictorially rather than verbally. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=semiotics" title="semiotics">semiotics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cognitive%20semantics" title=" cognitive semantics"> cognitive semantics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metaphor" title=" metaphor"> metaphor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=culture" title=" culture"> culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blending" title=" blending"> blending</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cartoon" title=" cartoon"> cartoon</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157902/a-blending-analysis-of-metaphors-and-metonymies-used-to-depict-the-deal-of-the-century-by-jordanian-cartoonists" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157902.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">182</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5698</span> Corpus-Assisted Study of Gender Related Tiger Metaphors in the Chinese Context</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Na%20Xiao">Na Xiao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Animal metaphors have many different connotations, ranging from loving emotions to derogatory epithets, but gender expressions using animal metaphors are often imbalanced. Generally, animal metaphors related to females tend to be negative. Little known about the reasons for the negative expressions of animal female metaphors in Chinese contexts still have not been quantified. The Modern Chinese Corpus at the Center for Chinese Linguistics at Peking University (CCL Corpus) provided the data for this research, which aims to identify the influencing variables of gender differences in the description of animal metaphors mapping humans in Chinese by observing the percentage of "tiger" metaphor, which is based on the conceptual metaphor theory. A quantitative research method was used in this study to statistically examine the gender attitude percentage of the "tiger" metaphor using corpus data. This study has proved that the tiger metaphors associated with humans in the Chinese context tend to be negative. Importantly, this study has also shown that the high proportion of tiger metaphorical idioms is what causes the high proportion of negative tiger metaphors that are related to women. This finding can be used as crucial information for future studies on other gender-related animal metaphorical idioms and can offer additional insights for understanding trends in other animal metaphors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chinese" title="Chinese">Chinese</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CCL%20corpus" title=" CCL corpus"> CCL corpus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender%20differences" title=" gender differences"> gender differences</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metaphorical%20idioms" title=" metaphorical idioms"> metaphorical idioms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tigers" title=" tigers"> tigers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152992/corpus-assisted-study-of-gender-related-tiger-metaphors-in-the-chinese-context" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152992.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">108</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5697</span> A Comparative Study on Multimodal Metaphors in Public Service Advertising of China and Germany</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xing%20Lyu">Xing Lyu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Multimodal metaphor promotes the further development and refinement of multimodal discourse study. Cultural aspects matter a lot not only in creating but also in comprehending multimodal metaphor. By analyzing the target domain and the source domain in 10 public service advertisements of China and Germany about environmental protection, this paper compares the source when the target is alike in each multimodal metaphor in order to seek similarities and differences across cultures. The findings are as follows: first, the multimodal metaphors center around three major topics: the earth crisis, consequences of environmental damage, and appeal for environmental protection; second, the multimodal metaphors mainly grounded in three universal conceptual metaphors which focused on high level is up; earth is mother and all lives are precious. However, there are five Chinese culture-specific multimodal metaphors which are not discovered in Germany ads: east is high leve; a purposeful life is a journey; a nation is a person; good is clean, and water is mother. Since metaphors are excellent instruments on studying ideology, this study can be helpful on intercultural/cross-cultural communication. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multimodal%20metaphor" title="multimodal metaphor">multimodal metaphor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural%20aspects" title=" cultural aspects"> cultural aspects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20service%20advertising" title=" public service advertising"> public service advertising</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cross-cultural%20communication" title=" cross-cultural communication"> cross-cultural communication</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112889/a-comparative-study-on-multimodal-metaphors-in-public-service-advertising-of-china-and-germany" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112889.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">174</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5696</span> Cognitive Translation and Conceptual Wine Tasting Metaphors: A Corpus-Based Research</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christine%20Demaecker">Christine Demaecker</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Many researchers have underlined the importance of metaphors in specialised language. Their use of specific domains helps us understand the conceptualisations used to communicate new ideas or difficult topics. Within the wide area of specialised discourse, wine tasting is a very specific example because it is almost exclusively metaphoric. Wine tasting metaphors express various conceptualisations. They are not linguistic but rather conceptual, as defined by Lakoff & Johnson. They correspond to the linguistic expression of a mental projection from a well-known or more concrete source domain onto the target domain, which is the taste of wine. But unlike most specialised terminologies, the vocabulary is never clearly defined. When metaphorical terms are listed in dictionaries, their definitions remain vague, unclear, and circular. They cannot be replaced by literal linguistic expressions. This makes it impossible to transfer them into another language with the traditional linguistic translation methods. Qualitative research investigates whether wine tasting metaphors could rather be translated with the cognitive translation process, as well described by Nili Mandelblit (1995). The research is based on a corpus compiled from two high-profile wine guides; the Parker’s Wine Buyer’s Guide and its translation into French and the Guide Hachette des Vins and its translation into English. In this small corpus with a total of 68,826 words, 170 metaphoric expressions have been identified in the original English text and 180 in the original French text. They have been selected with the MIPVU Metaphor Identification Procedure developed at the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. The selection demonstrates that both languages use the same set of conceptualisations, which are often combined in wine tasting notes, creating conceptual integrations or blends. The comparison of expressions in the source and target texts also demonstrates the use of the cognitive translation approach. In accordance with the principle of relevance, the translation always uses target language conceptualisations, but compared to the original, the highlighting of the projection is often different. Also, when original metaphors are complex with a combination of conceptualisations, at least one element of the original metaphor underlies the target expression. This approach perfectly integrates into Lederer’s interpretative model of translation (2006). In this triangular model, the transfer of conceptualisation could be included at the level of ‘deverbalisation/reverbalisation’, the crucial stage of the model, where the extraction of meaning combines with the encyclopedic background to generate the target text. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cognitive%20translation" title="cognitive translation">cognitive translation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conceptual%20integration" title=" conceptual integration"> conceptual integration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conceptual%20metaphor" title=" conceptual metaphor"> conceptual metaphor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interpretative%20model%20of%20translation" title=" interpretative model of translation"> interpretative model of translation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wine%20tasting%20metaphor" title=" wine tasting metaphor"> wine tasting metaphor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152968/cognitive-translation-and-conceptual-wine-tasting-metaphors-a-corpus-based-research" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152968.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">131</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5695</span> The Effectiveness of Metaphor Therapy on Depression among Female Students</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marzieh%20Talebzadeh%20Shoushtari">Marzieh Talebzadeh Shoushtari </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Metaphor therapy on depression among female students. The sample included 60 female students with depression symptoms selected by simple sampling and randomly divided into two equal groups (experimental and control groups). Beck Depression Inventory was used to measure the variables. This was an experimental study with a pre-test/post-test design with control group. Eight metaphor therapy sessions were held for the experimental group. A post-test was administered to both groups. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). Results showed that the Metaphor therapy decreased depression in the experimental group compared to the control group. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metaphor%20therapy" title="metaphor therapy">metaphor therapy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=depression" title=" depression"> depression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=female" title=" female"> female</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=students" title=" students"> students</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36335/the-effectiveness-of-metaphor-therapy-on-depression-among-female-students" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36335.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">454</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5694</span> Cognitive Models of Future in Political Texts</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Solopova%20Olga">Solopova Olga</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present paper briefly recalls theoretical preconditions for investigating cognitive-discursive models of future in political discourse. The author reviews theories and methods used for strengthening a future focus in this discourse working out two main tools – a model of future and a metaphorical scenario. The paper examines the implications of metaphorical analogies for modeling future in mass media. It argues that metaphor is not merely a rhetorical ornament in the political discourse of media regulation but a conceptual model that legislates and regulates our understanding of future. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cognitive%20approach" title="cognitive approach">cognitive approach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=future%20research" title=" future research"> future research</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20discourse" title=" political discourse"> political discourse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=model" title=" model"> model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scenario" title=" scenario"> scenario</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metaphor" title=" metaphor"> metaphor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3554/cognitive-models-of-future-in-political-texts" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3554.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">394</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5693</span> Cognitive Semantics Study of Conceptual and Metonymical Expressions in Johnson's Speeches about COVID-19</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hussain%20Hameed%20Mayuuf">Hussain Hameed Mayuuf</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study is an attempt to investigate the conceptual metonymies is used in political discourse about COVID-19. Thus, this study tries to analyze and investigate how the conceptual metonymies in Johnson's speech about coronavirus are constructed. This study aims at: Identifying how are metonymies relevant to understand the messages in Boris Johnson speeches and to find out how can conceptual blending theory help people to understand the messages in the political speech about COVID-19. Lastly, it tries to Point out the kinds of integration networks are common in political speech. The study is based on the hypotheses that conceptual blending theory is a powerful tool for investigating the intended messages in Johnson's speech and there are different processes of blending networks and conceptual mapping that enable the listeners to identify the messages in political speech. This study presents a qualitative and quantitative analysis of four speeches about COVID-19; they are said by Boris Johnson. The selected data have been tackled from the cognitive-semantic perspective by adopting Conceptual Blending Theory as a model for the analysis. It concludes that CBT is applicable to the analysis of metonymies in political discourse. Its mechanisms enable listeners to analyze and understand these speeches. Also the listener can identify and understand the hidden messages in Biden and Johnson's discourse about COVID-19 by using different conceptual networks. Finally, it is concluded that the double scope networks are the most common types of blending of metonymies in the political speech. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cognitive" title="cognitive">cognitive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=semantics" title=" semantics"> semantics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conceptual" title=" conceptual"> conceptual</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metonymical" title=" metonymical"> metonymical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Covid-19" title=" Covid-19"> Covid-19</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157124/cognitive-semantics-study-of-conceptual-and-metonymical-expressions-in-johnsons-speeches-about-covid-19" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157124.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">128</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5692</span> Effects of Animal Metaphor on Consumer Response to Product Advertising</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wen-Hsien%20Huang">Wen-Hsien Huang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hsu-Ting%20Hsu"> Hsu-Ting Hsu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> While advertisers often use animal metaphors to promote product performance, representing through the use of a product image together with an animal-like messenger to imply the undesirable health states of not using the product, the effect of such metaphors on persuasion remains unclear. The current research addresses this issue by investigating how consumers perceive and react to animal metaphor advertising in the context of product promotion. Three studies are carried out using field and experimental data. The findings demonstrate that animal metaphor ads are less persuasive than non-metaphor ads and that ads with animal-like messengers (as opposed to human messengers) activate stronger dehumanization perceptions, which in turn lead to lower product choice, product evaluation and purchase intention, regardless of whether the animal metaphors are presented visually in the picture or verbally in the headline. Furthermore, when the metaphorical pairing includes a more disliked animal, consumer reaction was less favorable. The implications of the findings for advertisers considering the use of animalized messengers are discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=animal%20metaphor" title="animal metaphor">animal metaphor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dehumanization" title=" dehumanization"> dehumanization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=product%20evaluation" title=" product evaluation"> product evaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20communication" title=" health communication"> health communication</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163849/effects-of-animal-metaphor-on-consumer-response-to-product-advertising" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163849.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">84</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5691</span> Discursive Construction of Strike in the Media Coverage of Academic Staff Union of Universities vs Federal Government of Nigeria Industrial Conflict of 2013</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samuel%20Alaba%20Akinwotu">Samuel Alaba Akinwotu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Over the years, Nigeria’s educational system has greatly suffered from the menace of industrial conflict. The smooth running of the nation’s public educational institutions has been hampered by incessant strikes embarked upon by workers of these institutions. Even though industrial conflicts in Nigeria have enjoyed wide reportage in the media, there has been a dearth of critical examination of the language use that index the conflict’s discourse in the media. This study which is driven by a combination of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) and Conceptual Metaphor (CM) examines the discursive and ideological features of language indexing the industrial conflict between the Academic Staff Union of Universities (ASUU) and the Federal Government of Nigeria (FGN) in 2013. It aims to identify and assess the conceptual and cognitive motivations of the stances expressed by the parties and the public and the role of the media in the management and resolution of the conflict. For data, media reports and readers’ comments were purposively sampled from six print and online news sources (The Punch, This Day, Vanguard, The Nation, Osun Defender and AITonline) published between July and December 2013. The study provides further insight into industrial conflict and proves to be useful for the management and resolution of industrial conflicts especially in our public educational institutions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=industrial%20conflict" title="industrial conflict">industrial conflict</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=critical%20discourse%20analysis" title=" critical discourse analysis"> critical discourse analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conceptual%20metaphor" title=" conceptual metaphor"> conceptual metaphor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=federal%20government%20of%20Nigeria" title=" federal government of Nigeria"> federal government of Nigeria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=academic%20staff%20union%20of%20universities" title=" academic staff union of universities"> academic staff union of universities</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86799/discursive-construction-of-strike-in-the-media-coverage-of-academic-staff-union-of-universities-vs-federal-government-of-nigeria-industrial-conflict-of-2013" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86799.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">142</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5690</span> Metaphors Underlying Idiomatic Expressions in Trilingual Perspective: Contributions to the Teaching of Lexicon and to Materials Development</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marilei%20Amadeu%20Sabino">Marilei Amadeu Sabino</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Idiomatic expressions are linguistic phraseologisms present in natural languages. Known to be metaphorical linguistic combinations, a good majority of them provide elements that reveal important cultural aspects of their linguistic community through their metaphors. With the advent of Cognitive Linguistics (more specifically of Cognitive Semantics), the metaphor ceased to be related to poetic language and rhetorical embellishment and came to be seen as part of simple everyday language, reflecting the way human beings think, act and conceive reality, i. e., a fundamental mechanism of human conceptualizations of the world. In this sense, it came to be conceived as an inevitable mechanism for representing the nature of thought and language. The speakers, in conceptualizing reality, often use metaphorically parts of the body in expressions known as somatic. Several conceptual metaphors appear to be potentially universal or near-universal, because people across the world share certain bodily experiences. In these terms, many linguistic metaphors may be identical or very similar in several languages. These similarities, according to the Theory of Conceptual Metaphor, derive from universal aspects of the human body. Thus, this research aims to investigate the nature of some metaphors underlying somatic idiomatic expressions of Portuguese, Italian and English languages, establishing a pattern of similarities and differences among them from a trilingual perspective. The analysis shows that much of the studied expressions are really structurally, semantically and metaphorically identical or similar in the three languages. These findings incite relevant discussions concerning mother and foreign language learning and aim to contribute to the teaching of phraseological Lexicon as well as to materials development in mono and multilingual perspectives. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=idiomatic%20expressions" title="idiomatic expressions">idiomatic expressions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=materials%20development" title=" materials development"> materials development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metaphors" title=" metaphors"> metaphors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phraseological%20lexicon" title=" phraseological lexicon"> phraseological lexicon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teaching%20and%20learning" title=" teaching and learning"> teaching and learning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72456/metaphors-underlying-idiomatic-expressions-in-trilingual-perspective-contributions-to-the-teaching-of-lexicon-and-to-materials-development" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72456.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">192</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5689</span> 'I Broke the Line Back to the Ancient Ones': Rethinking Intersectional Theory through Wounded Histories in Once Were Warriors (1994) and Whale Rider (2002). </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kerry%20Mackereth">Kerry Mackereth</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Kimberle Crenshaw’s theory of intersectionality has become immensely influential in the fields of women’s and gender studies. However, intersectionality’s widespread use among feminist scholars and activists has been accompanied by critiques of its reliance upon subject categorization. These critiques are of particular import when connected to Wendy Brown’s characterization of identity politics as static 'wounded attachments'. Together, these critiques show how the gridlock model proposed by intersectionality’s primary metaphor, the traffic accident at the intersection, is useful for identifying discrimination but not for remembering historical injustices or imagining feminist and anti-racist resistance. Through the lens of New Zealand Maori film, focusing upon Once Were Warriors (1994) and Whale Rider (2002), this article examines how wounded histories need not be passively reproduced by contemporaneously oppressed groups. Instead, the metaphor of the traffic intersection should be complemented by the metaphor of the wound. Against Brown’s characterization of wounded attachments as negative, static identities, Gloria Anzaldua’s account of the borderland between the United States and Mexico as “una herida abierta”, an open wound, offers an alternative reading of the wound. Through Anzaldua’s and Hortense Spillers’ political thought, the wound is reconceptualized as not only a site of suffering but also as a regenerative space. The coexistence of deterioration and regeneration at the site of the wound underpins the narrative arc of both Once Were Warriors and Whale Rider. In both films, the respective child protagonists attempt to reconcile the pain of wounded histories with the imagination of cultural regeneration. The metaphor of the wound thus serves as an alternative theoretical resource for mapping experiences of oppression, one that enriches feminist theory by balancing the remembrance of historical grievance with the forging of hopeful political projects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender%20theory" title="gender theory">gender theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=historical%20grievance" title=" historical grievance"> historical grievance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intersectionality" title=" intersectionality"> intersectionality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=New%20Zealand%20film" title=" New Zealand film"> New Zealand film</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=postcolonialism" title=" postcolonialism"> postcolonialism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89856/i-broke-the-line-back-to-the-ancient-ones-rethinking-intersectional-theory-through-wounded-histories-in-once-were-warriors-1994-and-whale-rider-2002" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89856.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">253</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5688</span> Metaphors of Love and Passion in Lithuanian Comics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saulut%C4%97%20Juzel%C4%97nien%C4%97">Saulutė Juzelėnienė</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Skirmant%C4%97%20%C5%A0arkauskien%C4%97"> Skirmantė Šarkauskienė</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, it is aimed to analyse the multimodal representations of the concepts of LOVE and PASSION in Lithuanian graphic novel “Gertrūda”, by Gerda Jord. The research is based on the earlier findings by Forceville (2005), Eerden (2009) as well as insights made by Shihara and Matsunaka (2009) and Kövecses (2000). The domains of target and source of LOVE and PASSION metaphors in comics are expressed by verbal and non-verbal cues. The analysis of non-verbal cues adopts the concepts of rune and indexes. A pictorial rune is a graphic representation of an object that does not exist in reality in comics, such as lines, dashes, text "balloons", and pictorial index – a graphically represented object of reality, a real symptom expressing a certain emotion, such as a wide smile, furrowed eyebrows, etc. Indexes are often hyperbolized in comics. The research revealed that most frequent source domains are CLOSINESS/UNITY, NATURAL/ PHYSICAL FORCE, VALUABLE OBJECT, PRESSURE. The target is the emotion of LOVE/PASSION which belongs to a more abstract domain of psychological experience. In this kind of metaphor, the picture can be interpreted as representing the emotion of happiness. Data are taken from Lithuanian comic books and Internet sites, where comics have been presented. The data and the analysis we are providing in this article aims to reveal that there are pictorial metaphors that manifest conceptual metaphors that are also expressed verbally and that methodological framework constructed for the analysis in the papers by Forceville at all is applicable to other emotions and culture specific pictorial manifestations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multimodal%20metaphor" title="multimodal metaphor">multimodal metaphor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conceptual%20metaphor" title=" conceptual metaphor"> conceptual metaphor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=comics" title=" comics"> comics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graphic%20novel" title=" graphic novel"> graphic novel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concept%20of%20love%2Fpassion" title=" concept of love/passion"> concept of love/passion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164221/metaphors-of-love-and-passion-in-lithuanian-comics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164221.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">67</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5687</span> The Capability of Organizational Leadership: Development of Conceptual Framework</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kurmet%20Kivip%C3%B5ld">Kurmet Kivipõld</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maaja%20Vadi"> Maaja Vadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Current paper develops the conceptual framework for organizational leadership capability. Organizational leadership here is understood as collective multi-level phenomenon which has been embedded into organizational processes as a capability at the level of the entire organization. The paper analyses and systematises the theo¬retical approaches to multi-level leadership in existing literature. This analysis marks the foundation of collective leadership at the organizational level, which forms the basis for the development of the conceptual framework of organi¬zational leadership capability. The developed conceptual framework of organiza¬tional leadership capability is formed from the synthesis of the three groups of base theories – traditional leadership theories, the resource-based view from strategic management and complexity theory from system theories. These conceptual sources present the main characteristics that determine the nature of organizational leadership capability and are the basis for its mea¬surement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leadership" title="leadership">leadership</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organizational%20capability" title=" organizational capability"> organizational capability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organizational%20leadership" title=" organizational leadership"> organizational leadership</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resource-based%20view" title=" resource-based view"> resource-based view</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=system%20theory" title=" system theory"> system theory</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77838/the-capability-of-organizational-leadership-development-of-conceptual-framework" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77838.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">350</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conceptual%20metaphor%20theory&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conceptual%20metaphor%20theory&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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