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orient</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: ancient orient"> <meta name="keywords" content="ancient orient"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="ancient orient"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 577</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: ancient orient</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">577</span> Architectural Visualization: From Ancient Civilizations to the Roman Empire</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matthias%20Stange">Matthias Stange</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Architectural visualization has been practiced for as long as there have been buildings. Visualization (lat.: visibilis "visible") generally refers to bringing abstract data and relationships into a graphically, visually comprehensible form. Particularly, visualization refers to the process of translating relationships that are difficult to formulate linguistically or logically into visual media (e.g., drawings or models) to make them comprehensible. Building owners have always been interested in knowing how their building will look before it is built. In the empirical part of this study, the roots of architectural visualization are examined, starting from the ancient civilizations to the end of the Roman Empire. Extensive literature research on architectural theory and architectural history forms the basis for this analysis. The focus of the analysis is basic research from the emergence of the first two-dimensional drawings in the Neolithic period to the triggers of significant further developments of architectural representation, as well as their importance for subsequent methods and the transmission of knowledge over the following epochs. The analysis focuses on the development of analog methods of representation from the first Neolithic house floor plans to the Greek detailed stone models and paper drawings in the Roman Empire. In particular, the question of socio-cultural, socio-political, and economic changes as possible triggers for the development of representational media and methods will be analyzed. The study has shown that the development of visual building representation has been driven by scientific, technological, and social developments since the emergence of the first civilizations more than 6000 years ago first by the change in human’s subsistence strategy, from food appropriation by hunting and gathering to food production by agriculture and livestock, and the sedentary lifestyle required for this. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ancient%20Greece" title="ancient Greece">ancient Greece</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ancient%20orient" title=" ancient orient"> ancient orient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roman%20Empire" title=" Roman Empire"> Roman Empire</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=architectural%20visualization" title=" architectural visualization"> architectural visualization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161856/architectural-visualization-from-ancient-civilizations-to-the-roman-empire" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161856.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">116</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">576</span> Research on the Protection and Development of Ancient Town Cultural Landscape Based on “Four State” Elements: Illustrated by the Example of Qikou</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bian%20ChengXiang">Bian ChengXiang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wang%20Qian"> Wang Qian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the deepening of the research on the connotation of cultural heritage and human geography, the cultural landscape takes landscape as a cultural product, integrates and blends cultural and natural heritage to explore the cultural value behind its material landscape. Qikou ancient town is a typical traditional settlement with a homomorphism of mountain and water veins. Its cultural accumulation and natural landscape play an important role in its development. Therefore, this paper will combine the material and cultural elements of Qikou ancient town to analyze the composition of the cultural landscape of the ancient town and explore the protection and utilization of the cultural landscape of Qikou ancient town from the four aspects of ecology, form, cultural form, and business form, so as to provide effective strategies for the development of the ancient town. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=four%20state" title="four state">four state</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural%20landscape" title=" cultural landscape"> cultural landscape</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ancient%20town" title=" ancient town"> ancient town</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=protection" title=" protection"> protection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=development" title=" development"> development</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158266/research-on-the-protection-and-development-of-ancient-town-cultural-landscape-based-on-four-state-elements-illustrated-by-the-example-of-qikou" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158266.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">136</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">575</span> Evaluation of the Spatial Performance of Ancient Cities in the Context of Landscape Architecture</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elvan%20Ender%20Altay">Elvan Ender Altay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zeynep%20Pirselimoglu%20Batman"> Zeynep Pirselimoglu Batman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Murat%20Zencirkiran"> Murat Zencirkiran</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ancient cities are, according to United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), landscape areas designed and created by people, at the same time naturally developing and constantly changing sustainable cultural landscapes. Ancient cities are the urban settlements where we can see the reflection of public lifestyle existed thousands of years ago. The conceptual and spatial traces in ancient cities, are crucial for examining the city history and its preservation. This study is intended to demonstrate the impacts of human life and physical environment on the cultural landscape. This research aims to protect and maintain cultural continuity of the ancient cities in Bursa which contain archeological and historical elements and could not majorly reach to the day because of not being protected and to show importance of landscape architecture to ensure this protection. In this context, ancient cities in Bursa were researched and a total of 7 ancient cities were identified. These ancient cities are; Apollonia, Lopadion, Nicaea, Myrleia, Cius, Daskyleion and Basilinopolis. In the next stage, the spatial performances of ancient cities were assessed by weighted criteria method. The highest score is the Nicaea Ancient City. Considering current situation of the ancient cities in Bursa, it is seen that most of them could not survive until our day due to lack of interest in these areas. As a result, according to the findings, it is a priority to create a protective band with green areas around the archaeological sites, thus adapting to nearby areas and emphasizing culture. In addition, proposals have been made to provide a transportation network that does not harm the ancient cities and the cultural landscape. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ancient%20cities" title="ancient cities">ancient cities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bursa" title=" Bursa"> Bursa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=landscape" title=" landscape"> landscape</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20performance" title=" spatial performance"> spatial performance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97875/evaluation-of-the-spatial-performance-of-ancient-cities-in-the-context-of-landscape-architecture" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97875.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">202</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">574</span> Reverence Posture at Darius’ Relief in Persepolis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Behzad%20Moeini%20Sam">Behzad Moeini Sam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sara%20Mohammadi%20Avendi"> Sara Mohammadi Avendi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The beliefs of the ancient peoples about gods and kings and how to perform rituals played an active part in the ancient civilizations. One of them in the ancient Near Eastern civilizations, which were accomplished, was paying homage to the gods and kings. The reverence posture during the Achaemenid period consisted of raising one right hand with the palm and the extended fingers facing the mouth. It is worth paying attention to the fact that the ancient empires such as Akkadian, Assyrian, Babylonian, and Persian should be regarded as successive versions of the same multinational power structure, each resulting from an internal power struggle within this structure. This article tries to show the reverence gesture with those of the ancient Near East. The working method is to study Darius one in Persepolis and pay homage to him and his similarities to those of the ancient Near East. Thus, it is logical to assume that the Reverence gesture follows the Sumerian and Akkadian ones. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Darius" title="Darius">Darius</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Persepolis" title=" Persepolis"> Persepolis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Achaemenid" title=" Achaemenid"> Achaemenid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Proskynesis" title=" Proskynesis"> Proskynesis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181860/reverence-posture-at-darius-relief-in-persepolis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181860.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">50</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">573</span> The Greek Root Word ‘Kos’ and the Trade of Ancient Greek with Tamil Nadu, India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Pugazhendhi">D. Pugazhendhi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The ancient Greeks were forerunners in many fields than other societies. So, the Greeks were well connected with all the countries which were well developed during that time through trade route. In this connection, trading of goods from the ancient Greece to Tamil Nadu which is presently in India, though they are geographically far away, played an important role. In that way, the word and the goods related with <em>kos</em> and <em>kare</em> got exchanged between these two societies. So, it is necessary to compare the phonology and the morphological occurrences of these words that are found common both in the ancient Greek and Tamil literatures of the contemporary period. The results show that there were many words derived from the root <em>kos</em> with the basic meaning of ‘arrange’ in the ancient Greek language, but this is not the case in the usage of the word <em>kare</em>. In the ancient Tamil literature, the word <em>‘kos’</em> does not have any root and also had rare occurrences. But it was just the opposite in the case of the word <em>‘kare’</em>. One of all the meanings of the word, which was derived from the root <em>‘kos’</em> in ancient Greek literature, is related with costly ornaments. This meaning seems to have close resemblance with the usage of word<em> ‘kos’</em> in ancient Tamil literature. Also, the meaning of the word <em>‘kare’</em> in ancient Tamil literature is related with spices whereas, in the ancient Greek literature, its meaning is related to that of the cooking of meat using spices. Hence, the similarity seen in the meanings of these words <em>‘kos’</em> and <em>‘kare’</em> in both these languages provides lead for further study. More than that, the ancient literary resources which are available in both these languages ensure the export and import of gold and spices from the ancient Greek land to Tamil land. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arrange" title="arrange">arrange</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kare" title=" kare"> kare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kos" title=" Kos"> Kos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ornament" title=" ornament"> ornament</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tamil" title=" Tamil"> Tamil</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/117046/the-greek-root-word-kos-and-the-trade-of-ancient-greek-with-tamil-nadu-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/117046.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">150</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">572</span> The Effects of Qigong Exercise Intervention on the Cognitive Function in Aging Adults</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Y.%20Fong">D. Y. Fong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Y.%20Kuo"> C. Y. Kuo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20T.%20Chiang"> Y. T. Chiang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20C.%20Lin"> W. C. Lin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objectives: Qigong is an ancient Chinese practice in pursuit of a healthier body and a more peaceful mindset. It emphasizes on the restoration of vital energy (Qi) in body, mind, and spirit. The practice is the combination of gentle movements and mild breathing which help the doers reach the condition of tranquility. On account of the features of Qigong, first, we use cross-sectional methodology to compare the differences among the varied levels of Qigong practitioners on cognitive function with event-related potential (ERP) and electroencephalography (EEG). Second, we use the longitudinal methodology to explore the effects on the Qigong trainees for pretest and posttest on ERP and EEG. Current study adopts Attentional Network Test (ANT) task to examine the participants’ cognitive function, and aging-related researches demonstrated a declined tread on the cognition in older adults and exercise might ameliorate the deterioration. Qigong exercise integrates physical posture (muscle strength), breathing technique (aerobic ability) and focused intention (attention) that researchers hypothesize it might improve the cognitive function in aging adults. Method: Sixty participants were involved in this study, including 20 young adults (21.65±2.41 y) with normal physical activity (YA), 20 Qigong experts (60.69 ± 12.42 y) with over 7 years Qigong practice experience (QE), and 20 normal and healthy adults (52.90±12.37 y) with no Qigong practice experience as experimental group (EG). The EG participants took Qigong classes 2 times a week and 2 hours per time for 24 weeks with the purpose of examining the effect of Qigong intervention on cognitive function. ANT tasks (alert network, orient network, and executive control) were adopted to evaluate participants’ cognitive function via ERP’s P300 components and P300 amplitude topography. Results: Behavioral data: 1.The reaction time (RT) of YA is faster than the other two groups, and EG was faster than QE in the cue and flanker conditions of ANT task. 2. The RT of posttest was faster than pretest in EG in the cue and flanker conditions. 3. No difference among the three groups on orient, alert, and execute control networks. ERP data: 1. P300 amplitude detection in QE was larger than EG at Fz electrode in orient, alert, and execute control networks. 2. P300 amplitude in EG was larger at pretest than posttest on the orient network. 3. P300 Latency revealed no difference among the three groups in the three networks. Conclusion: Taken together these findings, they provide neuro-electrical evidence that older adults involved in Qigong practice may develop a more overall compensatory mechanism and also benefit the performance of behavior. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qigong" title="Qigong">Qigong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cognitive%20function" title=" cognitive function"> cognitive function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aging" title=" aging"> aging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=event-related%20potential%20%28ERP%29" title="event-related potential (ERP)">event-related potential (ERP)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65567/the-effects-of-qigong-exercise-intervention-on-the-cognitive-function-in-aging-adults" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65567.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">393</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">571</span> A Character Detection Method for Ancient Yi Books Based on Connected Components and Regressive Character Segmentation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xu%20Han">Xu Han</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shanxiong%20Chen"> Shanxiong Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shiyu%20Zhu"> Shiyu Zhu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaoyu%20Lin"> Xiaoyu Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fujia%20Zhao"> Fujia Zhao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dingwang%20Wang"> Dingwang Wang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Character detection is an important issue for character recognition of ancient Yi books. The accuracy of detection directly affects the recognition effect of ancient Yi books. Considering the complex layout, the lack of standard typesetting and the mixed arrangement between images and texts, we propose a character detection method for ancient Yi books based on connected components and regressive character segmentation. First, the scanned images of ancient Yi books are preprocessed with nonlocal mean filtering, and then a modified local adaptive threshold binarization algorithm is used to obtain the binary images to segment the foreground and background for the images. Second, the non-text areas are removed by the method based on connected components. Finally, the single character in the ancient Yi books is segmented by our method. The experimental results show that the method can effectively separate the text areas and non-text areas for ancient Yi books and achieve higher accuracy and recall rate in the experiment of character detection, and effectively solve the problem of character detection and segmentation in character recognition of ancient books. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CCS%20concepts" title="CCS concepts">CCS concepts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computing%20methodologies" title=" computing methodologies"> computing methodologies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interest%20point" title=" interest point"> interest point</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salient%20region%20detections" title=" salient region detections"> salient region detections</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20segmentation" title=" image segmentation"> image segmentation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/115647/a-character-detection-method-for-ancient-yi-books-based-on-connected-components-and-regressive-character-segmentation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/115647.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">132</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">570</span> Revival of Ancient Egyptian Food Habits: Preserving the Past and Living the Present</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dina%20M.%20Ezz%20El-Din">Dina M. Ezz El-Din</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A variety of sources on Ancient Egypt provides us with knowledge about its agricultural and eating habits. This wealth of information testifies that the ancient Egyptians disposed of a wide variety of food choices. Egyptian agricultural diet was complemented by livestock breeding (Cows, sheep, geese, ducks, quail, pigeons, pelicans, etc). Moreover, the ancient Egyptians planted and harvested large amounts of cereals and vegetables (onions, leeks, lettuces, garlic). They had a varied and well-balanced diet throughout their history. Like in modern times, their eating habits not only changed from one region to the other, but also these also differed according to social classes. The present research is a descriptive-analytical study that tackles eating habits and culinary experience of the ancient Egyptians in an attempt to revive and preserve Egyptians’ food heritage. It focuses on different meals that were prepared and consumed in different occasions, and the habits that can be traced in Egypt in modern times. It also suggests means of bringing to life the ancient Egyptians’ food experience through restaurants and other tourism activities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural%20heritage" title="cultural heritage">cultural heritage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ancient%20Egyptian%20food" title=" ancient Egyptian food"> ancient Egyptian food</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eating%20habits" title=" eating habits"> eating habits</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preserving%20food%20traditions" title=" preserving food traditions"> preserving food traditions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49569/revival-of-ancient-egyptian-food-habits-preserving-the-past-and-living-the-present" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49569.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">309</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">569</span> A Recognition Method of Ancient Yi Script Based on Deep Learning</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shanxiong%20Chen">Shanxiong Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xu%20Han"> Xu Han</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaolong%20Wang"> Xiaolong Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hui%20Ma"> Hui Ma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Yi is an ethnic group mainly living in mainland China, with its own spoken and written language systems, after development of thousands of years. Ancient Yi is one of the six ancient languages in the world, which keeps a record of the history of the Yi people and offers documents valuable for research into human civilization. Recognition of the characters in ancient Yi helps to transform the documents into an electronic form, making their storage and spreading convenient. Due to historical and regional limitations, research on recognition of ancient characters is still inadequate. Thus, deep learning technology was applied to the recognition of such characters. Five models were developed on the basis of the four-layer convolutional neural network (CNN). Alpha-Beta divergence was taken as a penalty term to re-encode output neurons of the five models. Two fully connected layers fulfilled the compression of the features. Finally, at the softmax layer, the orthographic features of ancient Yi characters were re-evaluated, their probability distributions were obtained, and characters with features of the highest probability were recognized. Tests conducted show that the method has achieved higher precision compared with the traditional CNN model for handwriting recognition of the ancient Yi. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recognition" title="recognition">recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CNN" title=" CNN"> CNN</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yi%20character" title=" Yi character"> Yi character</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=divergence" title=" divergence "> divergence </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103578/a-recognition-method-of-ancient-yi-script-based-on-deep-learning" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103578.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">165</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">568</span> Research on the Overall Protection of Historical Cities Based on the 'City Image' in Ancient Maps: Take the Ancient City of Shipu, Zhejiang, China as an Example</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaoya%20Yi">Xiaoya Yi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yi%20He"> Yi He</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhao%20Lu"> Zhao Lu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yang%20Zhang"> Yang Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the process of rapid urbanization, many historical cities have undergone excessive demolition and construction under the protection and renewal mechanism. The original pattern of the city has been changed, the urban context has been cut off, and historical features have gradually been lost. The historical city gradually changed into the form of decentralization and fragmentation. The understanding of the ancient city includes two levels. The first one refers to the ancient city on the physical space, which defined an ancient city by its historic walls. The second refers to the public perception of the image, which is derived from people's spatial identification of the ancient city. In ancient China, people draw maps to show their way of understanding the city. Starting from ancient maps and exploring the spatial characteristics of traditional Chinese cities from the perspective of urban imagery is a key clue to understanding the spatial characteristics of historical cities on an overall level. The spatial characteristics of the urban image presented by the ancient map are summarized into two levels by typology. The first is the spatial pattern composed of the center, axis and boundary. The second is the space element that contains the city, street, and sign system. Taking the ancient city of Shipu as a typical case, the "city image" in the ancient map is analyzed as a prototype, and it is projected into the current urban space. The research found that after a long period of evolution, the historical spatial pattern of the ancient city has changed from “dominant” to “recessive control”, and the historical spatial elements are non-centralized and fragmented. The wall that serves as the boundary of the ancient city is transformed into “fragmentary remains”, the streets and lanes that serve as the axis of the ancient city are transformed into “structural remains”, and the symbols of the ancient city center are transformed into “site remains”. Based on this, the paper proposed the methods of controlling the protection of land boundaries, the protecting of the streets and lanes, and the selective restoring of the city wall system and the sign system by accurate assessment. In addition, this paper emphasizes the continuity of the ancient city's traditional spatial pattern and attempts to explore a holistic conservation method of the ancient city in the modern context. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ancient%20city%20protection" title="ancient city protection">ancient city protection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ancient%20maps" title=" ancient maps"> ancient maps</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shipu%20ancient%20city" title=" Shipu ancient city"> Shipu ancient city</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20intention" title=" urban intention"> urban intention</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/125969/research-on-the-overall-protection-of-historical-cities-based-on-the-city-image-in-ancient-maps-take-the-ancient-city-of-shipu-zhejiang-china-as-an-example" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/125969.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">128</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">567</span> Study on the Legend of Dayi in China</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhiguo%20Ju">Zhiguo Ju</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Both ancient written documents and archaeological studies showed that the ancient Chinese was people who worshiped the Sun God. There is a legend of Dayi in China, however, told a story of Dayi, an ancient hero who sacrificed his life to shoot nine suns out of the ten in the sky, restored the order of the universe, and saved the people’s life. By investigating its oral inheritance and folk customs, we found that the story was originated from Rizhao, the east coralline in east China. This could provide valuable cultural resources and could be used in local tourism. How the Sun-worshipping-people developed such a contradictory legend, how was it be carried by generations, and how to use it as a cultural source to promote the local tourism was discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Legend%20of%20Dayi" title="Legend of Dayi">Legend of Dayi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sun%20worship" title=" sun worship"> sun worship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ancient%20Chinese" title=" ancient Chinese"> ancient Chinese</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=China" title=" China"> China</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130513/study-on-the-legend-of-dayi-in-china" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130513.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">691</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">566</span> Of Rites of Narration and Representation of Orient and Occident in Thomas Heywood's Fair Maid of the West</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tarik%20Bouguerba">Tarik Bouguerba</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Thomas Heywood was an outstanding, prolific playwright of the period, writing both in prose and verse. Unlike Shakespeare in particular, Heywood could be considered as a playwright who was well informed about Morocco and wrote in greater detail about a possible dialogue among cultures. As it is a historical platform for power relations, The Fair Maid of the West recalled the heroism and excitement of English counterattacks against Spain in the Post-Armada period. This paper therefore pins down the acts of narration and representation of Morocco and Moroccans and examines how the Occident has contributed to the production of the Orient and finally attests to the metamorphosis the plot undergoes in Part I and Part II. As an adventure play, The Fair Maid of the West teaches about, informs of and confirms the existing patterns of virtue in European voyagers and at the same time it asserts how honor and chastity are European par excellence whereas villainy and wickedness are Oriental assets. Once taken captive, these virtues and traits are put into task as the plot disentangles. This paper also examines how the play in both parts generates a whole history of stereotypes about Morocco and unexpectedly subverts this stereotype; such a biased mode of narration of the Orient the playwright took up at first was played down at a later phase in the narrative. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Heywood" title="Heywood">Heywood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Occident" title=" Occident"> Occident</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Orientalism" title=" Orientalism"> Orientalism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stereotype" title=" Stereotype"> Stereotype</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Virtue" title=" Virtue"> Virtue</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136508/of-rites-of-narration-and-representation-of-orient-and-occident-in-thomas-heywoods-fair-maid-of-the-west" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136508.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">139</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">565</span> Research on the Development of Ancient Cities in Wenzhou from the Historical Perspective</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ying%20Sun">Ying Sun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ji-wu%20Wang"> Ji-wu Wang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The establishment of a city is the result of the accumulation of local historical and cultural heritage and the sublimation of settlements. Take history as a mirror, it’s known how the things rise and fall. Based on the perspective of history, the development of the ancient city of Wenzhou was combed, and the urban development history of Wenzhou in 2200 could be divided into seven stages. This paper mainly studies the four stages of germination, formation, initial development and tortuous development, explores the external and internal driving forces of urban development and the structural evolution of urban layout, and discusses how the ancient Wenzhou evolved from a remote town to an important coastal port city. This paper finds that the most important factors affecting the development of ancient cities in Wenzhou are war, policy and geographical environment, and then points out the importance of urban policies to the rise and fall of cities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ancient%20city%20development" title="ancient city development">ancient city development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=history" title=" history"> history</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wenzhou%20city" title=" Wenzhou city"> Wenzhou city</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=city%20policy" title=" city policy"> city policy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103064/research-on-the-development-of-ancient-cities-in-wenzhou-from-the-historical-perspective" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103064.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">137</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">564</span> Astronomical Panels of Measuring and Dividing Time in Ancient Egypt</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Saeed%20Ahmed%20Salman">Mohamed Saeed Ahmed Salman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The ancient Egyptians used the stars to measure time or, in a more precise sense, as one of the astronomical means of measuring time. These methods differed throughout the historical ages. They began with simple observations of observing astronomical phenomena and watching them, such as observing the movements of the stars in the sky. The year, to know the days, nights, and other means used to help set the time when the sky overcast, and so the researcher tries through archaeological evidence to demonstrate the knowledge of the ancient Egyptian stars of heaven, and movements through the first pre-history. It is not believed that the astronomical information possessed by the Egyptian was limited, and simple, it was reaching a level of almost optimal in terms of importance, and the goal he wanted to reach the ancient Egyptian, and also help him to know the time, and the passage of time; which ended in finally trying to find a system of timing and calculation of time. It was noted that there were signs that the stellar creed was known, and prosperous, especially since the pre-family ages, and this is evident on the inscriptions that come back to that period. The Egyptian realized that some of the stars remain visible at night, The ancient Egyptian was familiar with the daily journey of the stars. This is what was adopted in many paragraphs of the texts of the pyramids and its references to the rise of the deceased king of the heavenly world between the stars of the eternal sky. It was noted that the ancient Egyptian link between the doctrine of the star, we find that the public The lunar was known to the ancient Egyptians, and sang it for two years, and the stellar solar; but it was based on the appearance of the star Sirius, and this is the first means used to measure time and know the calendar stars. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ancient%20Egyptian" title="ancient Egyptian">ancient Egyptian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=astronomical%20panels" title=" astronomical panels"> astronomical panels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Egyptian" title=" Egyptian"> Egyptian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=astronomical" title=" astronomical"> astronomical</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192059/astronomical-panels-of-measuring-and-dividing-time-in-ancient-egypt" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192059.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">22</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">563</span> Ancient Port Towns of Western Coastal Plain in Kerala, India: From Manuscripts to Material Remains</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saravanan%20R.">Saravanan R.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The landscape of Kerala was paved way for the growth of maritime contacts with foreigners. Pepper was the important exported item from here because this region only having pepper production on the West Coast of India. The paper is attempting to analysis the available references of ancient port town in Kerala. It is merely preliminary investigation about Early Historic urban centres with the available literary evidences and excavations reports that would help us to understand the ancient port town in Kerala coast. There were number of ancient port towns mentioned in classical Greek and Sangam literatures. For instance, Naura, Tyndis, Nelcynda, Bacare and Muziris were the major sites of Kerala which represented only in the text but not able to locate these sites on the ground so far. There are lot of studies on site based as well as state based regarding the various aspects of ancient port towns. But, it is mainly focussed on factual narration and theoretical interpretation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20centre" title="urban centre">urban centre</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amphora" title=" amphora"> amphora</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muziris" title=" Muziris"> Muziris</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=port%20town" title=" port town"> port town</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sangam%20text%20and%20trade" title=" Sangam text and trade"> Sangam text and trade</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177295/ancient-port-towns-of-western-coastal-plain-in-kerala-india-from-manuscripts-to-material-remains" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177295.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">71</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">562</span> Genomic Evidence for Ancient Human Migrations Along South America's East Coast</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andre%20Luiz%20Campelo%20dos%20Santos">Andre Luiz Campelo dos Santos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amanda%20Owings"> Amanda Owings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Henry%20Socrates%20Lavalle%20Sullasi"> Henry Socrates Lavalle Sullasi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omer%20Gokcumen"> Omer Gokcumen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20DeGiorgio"> Michael DeGiorgio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20Lindo"> John Lindo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An increasing body of archaeological and genomic evidence have indicated a complex settlement process of the Americas. Here, four newly sequenced ancient genomes from Northeast Brazil and Uruguay are reported to share strong relationships with previously published samples from Panama and Southeast Brazil. Moreover, an unexpected high genomic affinity with present-day Onge is found in ancient individuals unearthed along the northern portion of South America’s Atlantic coast. These results provide genomic evidence for ancient migrations along South America’s Atlantic coast. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=archaeogenomics" title="archaeogenomics">archaeogenomics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=atlantic%20coast" title=" atlantic coast"> atlantic coast</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=paleomigrations" title=" paleomigrations"> paleomigrations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=South%20America" title=" South America"> South America</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148451/genomic-evidence-for-ancient-human-migrations-along-south-americas-east-coast" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148451.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">241</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">561</span> Ancient Iran Water Technologies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akbar%20Khodavirdizadeh">Akbar Khodavirdizadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Nemati%20Babaylou"> Ali Nemati Babaylou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hassan%20Moomivand"> Hassan Moomivand</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The history of human access to water technique has been one of the factors in the formation of human civilizations in the ancient world. The technique that makes surface water and groundwater accessible to humans on the ground has been a clever technique in human life to reach the water. In this study, while examining the water technique of ancient Iran using the Qanats technique, the water supply system of different regions of the ancient world were also studied and compared. Six groups of the ancient region of ancient Greece (Archaic 480-750 BC and Classical 223-480 BC), Urartu in Tuspa (600-850 BC), Petra (106-168 BC), Ancient Rome (265 BC), and the ancient United States (1450 BC) and ancient Iranian water technologies were studied under water supply systems. Past water technologies in these areas: water transmission systems in primary urban centers, use of water structures in water control, use of bridges in water transfer, construction of waterways for water transfer, storage of rainfall, construction of various types of pottery- ceramic, lead, wood and stone pipes have been used in water transfer, flood control, water reservoirs, dams, channel, wells, and Qanat. The central plateau of Iran is one of the arid and desert regions. Archaeological, geomorphological, and paleontological studies of the central region of the Iranian plateau showed that without the use of Qanats, the possibility of urban civilization in this region was difficult and even impossible. Zarch aqueduct is the most important aqueduct in Yazd region. Qanat of Zarch is a plain Qanat with a gallery length of 80 km; its mother well is 85 m deep and has 2115 well shafts. The main purpose of building the Qanat of Zārch was to access the groundwater source and transfer it to the surface of the ground. Regarding the structure of the aqueduct and the technique of transferring water from the groundwater source to the surface, it has a great impact on being different from other water techniques in the ancient world. The results show that the use of water technologies in ancient is very important to understand the history of humanity in the use of hydraulic techniques. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ancient%20water%20technologies" title="ancient water technologies">ancient water technologies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=groundwaters" title=" groundwaters"> groundwaters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=qanat" title=" qanat"> qanat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20history" title=" human history"> human history</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ancient%20Iran" title=" Ancient Iran"> Ancient Iran</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136620/ancient-iran-water-technologies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136620.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">112</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">560</span> Tracing Economic Policies to Ancient Indian Economic Thought</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Satish%20Y.%20Deodhar">Satish Y. Deodhar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Science without history is like a man without memory. The colossal history of India stores many ideas on economic ethics and public policy, which have been forgotten in the course of time. This paper is an attempt to bring to the fore contributions from ancient Indian treatises. In this context, the paper briefly summarizes alternative economic ideas such as communism, capitalism, and the holistic approach of ancient Indian writings. Thereafter, the idea of a welfare brick for an individual consisting of three dimensions -Purusharthas, Ashramas, and Varnas is discussed. Given the contours of the welfare brick, the concept of the state, its economic policies, markets, prices, interest rates, and credit are covered next. This is followed by delving into the treatment of land, property rights, guilds, and labour relations. The penultimate section summarises the economic advice offered to the head of a household in the treatise Shukranitisara. Finally, in concluding comments, the relevance of ancient Indian writings for modern times is discussed -both for pedagogy and economic policies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ancient%20Indian%20treatises" title="ancient Indian treatises">ancient Indian treatises</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=history%20of%20economic%20thought" title=" history of economic thought"> history of economic thought</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=science%20of%20political%20economy" title=" science of political economy"> science of political economy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanskrit" title=" Sanskrit"> Sanskrit</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172645/tracing-economic-policies-to-ancient-indian-economic-thought" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172645.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">97</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">559</span> A Study on the Urban Design Path of Historical Block in the Ancient City of Suzhou, China</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yan%20Wang">Yan Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wei%20Wu"> Wei Wu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years, with the gradual change of Chinese urban development mode from 'incremental development' to 'stock-based renewal', the urban design method of ‘grand scene’ in the past could only cope with the planning and construction of incremental spaces such as new towns and new districts, while the problems involved in the renewal of the stock lands such as historic blocks of ancient cities are more complex. 'Simplified' large-scale demolition and construction may lead to the damage of the ancient city's texture and the overall cultural atmosphere; thus it is necessary to re-explore the urban design path of historical blocks in the conservation context of the ancient city. Through the study of the cultural context of the ancient city of Suzhou in China and the interpretation of its current characteristics, this paper explores the methods and paths for the renewal of historical and cultural blocks in the ancient city. It takes No. 12 and No. 13 historical blocks in the ancient city of Suzhou as examples, coordinating the spatial layout and the landscape and shaping the regional characteristics to improve the quality of the ancient city's life. This paper analyses the idea of conservation and regeneration from the aspects of culture, life, business form, and transport. Guided by the planning concept of ‘block repair and cultural infiltration’, it puts forward the urban design path of ‘conservation priority, activation and utilization, organic renewal and strengthening guidance’, with a view to continuing the cultural context and stimulating the vitality of ancient city, so as to realize the integration of history, modernity, space and culture. As a rare research on urban design in the scope of Suzhou ancient city, the paper expects to explore the concepts and methods of urban design for the historic blocks on the basis of the conservation of the history, space, and culture and provides a reference for other similar types of urban construction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=historical%20block" title="historical block">historical block</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suzhou%20ancient%20city" title=" Suzhou ancient city"> Suzhou ancient city</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stock-based%20renewal" title=" stock-based renewal"> stock-based renewal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20design" title=" urban design"> urban design</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109037/a-study-on-the-urban-design-path-of-historical-block-in-the-ancient-city-of-suzhou-china" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109037.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">144</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">558</span> Sociology of Vis and Ramin</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farzane%20Yusef%20Ghanbari">Farzane Yusef Ghanbari </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A sociological analysis on the ancient poetry of Vis and Ramin reveals important points about the political, cultural, and social conditions of the Iranian ancient history. The reciprocal relationship between the effect and structure of society helps the understanding and interpretation of the work. Therefore, informed by the Goldman genetic structuralism and through a glance at social epistemology, this study attempts to explain the role of spell in shaping the social knowledge of ancient people. The results suggest that due to the lack of a central government, and secularism in politics and freedom of speech and opinion, such romantic stories as Vis and Ramin, with a focal female character, has emerged. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=persian%20literature" title="persian literature">persian literature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vis%20and%20Ramin" title=" Vis and Ramin"> Vis and Ramin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sociology" title=" sociology"> sociology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=developmental%20structuralism" title=" developmental structuralism "> developmental structuralism </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33555/sociology-of-vis-and-ramin" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33555.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">430</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">557</span> Analyzing the Ancient Islamic Architectural Theories: Role of Geometric Proportionality as a Principle of Islamic Design</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vamsi%20G.">Vamsi G.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Majority of the modern-day structures have less aesthetical value with minimum requirements set by foreign tribes. Numerous elements of traditional architecture can be incorporated into modern designs using appropriate principles to improve and enhance the functionality, aesthetics, and usability of any space. This paper reviews the diminishing ancient values of the traditional Islamic architecture. By introducing them into the modern-day structures like commercial, residential and recreational spaces in at least the Islamic states, the functionality of those spaces can be improved. For this, aspects like space planning, aesthetics, scale, hierarchy, value, and patterns are to be experimented with modern day structures. Case studies of few ancient Islamic architectural marvels are done to elaborate the whole. A brief analysis of materials and execution strategies are also a part of this paper. The analysis is formulated and is ready to design or redesign spaces using traditional Islamic principles and Elements of design to improve the quality of the architecture of modern day structures by studying the ancient Islamic architectural theories. For this, sources from the history and evolution of this architecture have been studied. Also, elements and principles of design from case studies of various mosques, forts, tombs, and palaces have been tabulated. All this data accumulated, will help revive the elements decorated by ancient principles in functional and aesthetical ways. By this, one of the most astonishing architectural styles can be conserved, reinstalled into modern day buildings and remembered. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ancient%20architecture" title="ancient architecture">ancient architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=architectural%20history" title=" architectural history"> architectural history</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamic%20architecture" title=" Islamic architecture"> Islamic architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=principles%20and%20elements" title=" principles and elements"> principles and elements</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81955/analyzing-the-ancient-islamic-architectural-theories-role-of-geometric-proportionality-as-a-principle-of-islamic-design" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81955.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">213</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">556</span> Determination of Weathering at Kilistra Ancient City by Using Non-Destructive Techniques, Central Anatolia, Turkey</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C4%B0smail%20%C4%B0nce">İsmail İnce</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Osman%20G%C3%BCnaydin"> Osman Günaydin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatma%20%C3%96zer"> Fatma Özer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Stones used in the construction of historical structures are exposed to various direct or indirect atmospheric effects depending on climatic conditions. Building stones deteriorate partially or fully as a result of this exposure. The historic structures are important symbols of any cultural heritage. Therefore, it is important to protect and restore these historical structures. The aim of this study is to determine the weathering conditions at the Kilistra ancient city. It is located in the southwest of the Konya city, Central Anatolia, and was built by carving into pyroclastic rocks during the Byzantine Era. For this purpose, the petrographic and mechanical properties of the pyroclastic rocks were determined. In the assessment of weathering of structures in the ancient city, in-situ non-destructive testing (i.e., Schmidt hardness rebound value, relative humidity measurement) methods were applied. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural%20heritage" title="cultural heritage">cultural heritage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kilistra%20ancient%20city" title=" Kilistra ancient city"> Kilistra ancient city</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-destructive%20techniques" title=" non-destructive techniques"> non-destructive techniques</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weathering" title=" weathering"> weathering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63339/determination-of-weathering-at-kilistra-ancient-city-by-using-non-destructive-techniques-central-anatolia-turkey" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63339.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">360</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">555</span> Archaeology Study of Soul Houses in Ancient Egypt on Five Models in the Grand Egyptian Museum</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayman%20Aboelkassem">Ayman Aboelkassem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahmoud%20Ali"> Mahmoud Ali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: The models of soul houses have appeared in the prehistory, old kingdom and middle kingdom period. These soul houses represented the imagination of the deceased about his house in the afterlife, some of these soul houses were two floors and the study will examine five models of soul houses which were discovered near Saqqara site by an Egyptian mission. These models had been transferred to The Grand Egyptian Museum (GEM) to be ready to display at the new museum. We focus on models of soul houses (GEM Numbers, 1276, 1280, 1281, 1282, 8711) these models of soul houses were related to the old kingdom period. These models were all made of pottery, the five models have an oval shape and were decorated with relief. Methodology: The study will focus on the development of soul houses during the different periods in ancient Egypt, the function of soul houses, the kind of offerings which were put in it and the symbolism of the offerings colors in ancient Egyptian believe. Conclusion: This study is useful for the heritage and ancient civilizations especially when we talk about opening new museums like The Grand Egyptian Museum which will display a new collection of soul houses. The study of soul houses and The kinds of offerings which put in it reflect the economic situation in the Egyptian society and kinds of oils which were famous in ancient Egypt. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=archaeology%20study" title="archaeology study">archaeology study</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Grand%20Egyptian%20Museum" title=" Grand Egyptian Museum"> Grand Egyptian Museum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relief" title=" relief"> relief</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soul%20houses" title=" soul houses"> soul houses</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97653/archaeology-study-of-soul-houses-in-ancient-egypt-on-five-models-in-the-grand-egyptian-museum" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97653.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">255</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">554</span> The Renewal Strategy for Ancient Residential Area in Small and Medium-Sized Cities Based on Field Research of Changshu City in China</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yun%20Zhang">Yun Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhu%20Wang"> Zhu Wang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Renewing ancient residential areas is an integral part of the sustainable development of modern cities. Compared with a metropolis, the old areas of small and medium-sized cities is more complicated to update, as the spatial form is more fragmented. In this context, the author takes as the research object, the ancient town of Changshu City, which is a small city representative in China with a history of more than 1,200 years. Through the analysis of urban research and update projects, the spatial evolution characteristics and renewal strategies of small ancient urban settlements are studied. On this basis, it is proposed to protect the residential area from the perspective of integrity and sustainability, strengthen the core public part, control the district building, and reshape the important interface. Renewing small and medium-sized urban areas should respect the rhythm of their own urban development and gradually complete the update, not blindly copying the experience of large cities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ancient%20residential%20area" title="ancient residential area">ancient residential area</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Changshu" title=" Changshu"> Changshu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=city%20renewal%20strategy" title=" city renewal strategy"> city renewal strategy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=small%20and%20medium-sized%20cities" title=" small and medium-sized cities"> small and medium-sized cities</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109351/the-renewal-strategy-for-ancient-residential-area-in-small-and-medium-sized-cities-based-on-field-research-of-changshu-city-in-china" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109351.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">117</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">553</span> A Self Beheld the Eyes of the Other: Reflections on Montesquieu's Persian Letters</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyed%20Majid%20Alavi%20Shooshtari">Seyed Majid Alavi Shooshtari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As a multi-layered prose piece of artistry and craftsmanship Charles de Secondat, baron de Montesquieu’s Persian Letters (1721) is a satirical work which records the experiences of two Persian noblemen, Usbek and Rica, traveling through France in the early eighteenth century. Montesquieu creates Persian Letters as a critique of the French society, a critical explanation of what was considered to be 'the Orient' in the period, and an invaluable historical document which illustrates the ways Europe and the East understood each other in the first half of the eighteenth century. However, Persian Letters is considered today, in part, an Orientalist text because of it presenting the culture of the East using stereotypical images. Although, when Montesquieu published Persian Letters, the term Orientalist was a harmless word for people who studied or took an interest in it, the ways in which this Western intellectual author exerts his critique of French social and political life through the eyes of Persian protagonists by placing the example of the Orient (the Other) at the service of an ongoing Eighteen century discourse does raise some Eastern eyebrows. The fact that Persian side of the novel is considered by some critics as a fanciful decor, and the letters sent home are seen as literary props, yet these Eastern men intelligently question the rationality of religious, state, military and cultural practices and uncover much of the absurdity, irrationality or frivolity of European life. By drawing on the insight that Montesquieu’s text problematizes the assumption that orientalism monolithically constructs the Orient as the Other, the present paper aims to examine how the innocent gaze of two Eastern travelers mirrors the ways Europe’s identity defines its-Self. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=montesquieu" title="montesquieu">montesquieu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=persian%20letters" title=" persian letters"> persian letters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%E2%80%98the%20orint%E2%80%99" title=" ‘the orint’"> ‘the orint’</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=identity%20politics" title=" identity politics"> identity politics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self" title=" self"> self</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20other" title=" the other"> the other</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149100/a-self-beheld-the-eyes-of-the-other-reflections-on-montesquieus-persian-letters" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149100.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">111</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">552</span> Analysis of Ancient Bone DNA Samples From Excavations at St Peter’s Burial Ground, Blackburn</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shakhawan%20K.%20Mawlood">Shakhawan K. Mawlood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Catriona%20Pickard"> Catriona Pickard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benjamin%20Pickard"> Benjamin Pickard</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In summer 2015 the remains of 800 children are among 1,967 bodies were exhumed by archaeologists at St Peter's Burial Ground in Blackburn, Lancashire. One hundred samples from these 19th century ancient bones were selected for DNA analysis. These comprised samples biased for those which prior osteological evidence indicated a potential for microbial infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (causing tuberculosis, TB) or Treponema pallidum (causing Syphilis) species, as well a random selection of other bones for which visual inspection suggested good preservation (and, therefore, likely DNA retrieval).They were subject to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays aimed at detecting traces of DNA from infecting mycobacteria, with the purpose both of confirming the palaeopathological diagnosis of tuberculosis and determining in individual cases whether disease and death was due to M. tuberculosis or other reasons. Our secondary goal was to determine sex determination and age prediction. The results demonstrated that extraction of vast majority ancient bones DNA samples succeeded. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ancient%20bone" title="ancient bone">ancient bone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DNA" title=" DNA"> DNA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tuberculosis" title=" tuberculosis"> tuberculosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=age%20prediction" title=" age prediction"> age prediction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165416/analysis-of-ancient-bone-dna-samples-from-excavations-at-st-peters-burial-ground-blackburn" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165416.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">103</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">551</span> Warfare Ships at Ancient Egypt: Since Pre-Historic Era (3700 B.C.) Uptill the End of the 2nd Intermediate Period (1550 B.C.) </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohsen%20Negmeddin">Mohsen Negmeddin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Throughout their history, ancient Egyptians had known several kinds and types of boats, which were made from two main kinds of materials, the local one, as the dried papyrus reeds and the local tree trunks, the imported one, as the boats which were made from Lebanon cedar tree trunks. A varied using of these boats, as the fish hunting small boats, the transportation and trade boats "Cargo Boats", as well as the ceremonial boats, and the warfare boats. The research is intending for the last one, the warfare boats and the river/maritime battles since the beginning of ancient Egyptian civilization at the pre-historic era up till the end of the second intermediate period, to reveal the kinds and types of those fighting ships before establishing the Egyptian navy at the beginning of the New Kingdome (1550-1770 B.C). Two methods will follow at this research, the mention of names and titles of these ships through the texts (ancient Egyptian language) resources, and the depiction of it at the scenes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20warfare%20boats" title="the warfare boats">the warfare boats</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20maritime%20battles" title=" the maritime battles"> the maritime battles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20pre-historic%20era" title=" the pre-historic era"> the pre-historic era</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20second%20intermediate%20period" title=" the second intermediate period"> the second intermediate period</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64849/warfare-ships-at-ancient-egypt-since-pre-historic-era-3700-bc-uptill-the-end-of-the-2nd-intermediate-period-1550-bc" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64849.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">278</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">550</span> Sustainable Rehabilation of Ancient Structure</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ram%20Narayan%20Khare">Ram Narayan Khare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aradhna%20Shrivastava"> Aradhna Shrivastava</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adhyatma%20Khare"> Adhyatma Khare</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper focuses on the damage that has been occurred in the Ancient structures due to various factors such as rainfall, climate, insects, lifespan and also most important lack of technologies in the era of its construction. The structure is of lime surkhi masonry and is made a century ago. It has crossed its durability but is of historical importance for the area, that is the reason why it needs utmost importance for its Rehabilitation. The paper deals with the damage that has been occurred in the structure and how to repair and renovate the same keeping in mind that the material deviation could not take place because it shows how in ancient era structures are made of. The building has used lime surkhi mortar along with wood apple as fibrous material for providing adhesiveness in masonry binding. The paper helps in sustainable retrofitting of the structure without changing the integrity of the structure. This helps in maintaining the originality of structure in present era and also help in providing information to the upcoming generation how ancient civil construction has been carried out that withstand even more than a century. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lime%20Surkhi%20masonry" title="Lime Surkhi masonry">Lime Surkhi masonry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rehabilitation" title=" rehabilitation"> rehabilitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20development" title=" sustainable development"> sustainable development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=historical%20building" title=" historical building"> historical building</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188980/sustainable-rehabilation-of-ancient-structure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188980.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">37</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">549</span> Whether Chaos Theory Could Reconstruct the Ancient Societies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zahra%20Kouzehgari">Zahra Kouzehgari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Since the early emergence of chaos theory in the 1970s in mathematics and physical science, it has increasingly been developed and adapted in social sciences as well. The non-linear and dynamic characteristics of the theory make it a useful conceptual framework to interpret the complex social systems behavior. Regarding chaotic approach principals, sensitivity to initial conditions, dynamic adoption, strange attractors and unpredictability this paper aims to examine whether chaos approach could interpret the ancient social changes. To do this, at first, a brief history of the chaos theory, its development and application in social science as well as the principals making the theory, then its application in archaeological since has been reviewed. The study demonstrates that although based on existing archaeological records reconstruct the whole social system of the human past, the non-linear approaches in studying social complex systems would be of a great help in finding general order of the ancient societies and would enable us to shed light on some of the social phenomena in the human history or to make sense of them. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=archaeology" title="archaeology">archaeology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-linear%20approach" title=" non-linear approach"> non-linear approach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chaos%20theory" title=" chaos theory"> chaos theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ancient%20social%20systems" title=" ancient social systems"> ancient social systems</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15685/whether-chaos-theory-could-reconstruct-the-ancient-societies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15685.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">283</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">548</span> Mellowing the Mélange: Ancient Southeast Asian Kingdoms in the Asian Civilizations Museum</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rin%20Li%20Si%20Samantha">Rin Li Si Samantha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Asian Civilisations Museum in Singapore contains artifacts spanning thousands of years of history and possibly hundreds of communities and nations. Based in Singapore, its collections history and curation are deeply rooted in Singapore’s national and international agendas: to be a cultural center within Southeast Asia and a global hub representing Asia to the world. As such, the position of Southeast Asian histories, particularly Southeast Asian ancient kingdoms, is a carefully negotiated one; its presence contingent on the territorialization and depoliticization of Southeast Asian ancient kingdoms, such that they remain palatable to modern nation-states and governments; its absence noted, strategically overlooked in favour of ‘grander’ cultural and global — oftentimes a misnomer for Western — narratives. This study undertakes a close reading of several key permanent exhibitions at the Asian Civilisations Museum in pursuit of how ancient Southeast Asian kingdoms are framed and forgotten to reveal a conscious mellowing of the mélange such that Singapore may be positioned as inheritor of Asia’s cultural wealth. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=museum" title="museum">museum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Southeast%20Asia" title=" Southeast Asia"> Southeast Asia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=art%20history" title=" art history"> art history</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pre-colonial" title=" pre-colonial"> pre-colonial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=national%20narratives" title=" national narratives"> national narratives</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170880/mellowing-the-melange-ancient-southeast-asian-kingdoms-in-the-asian-civilizations-museum" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170880.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">77</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ancient%20orient&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ancient%20orient&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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