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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Demonstratie_internationale_top_kunstrijden_in_Edenhal_Amerikaan_Terry_Kubicka_%2C_Bestanddeelnr_928-4696.jpg/220px-Demonstratie_internationale_top_kunstrijden_in_Edenhal_Amerikaan_Terry_Kubicka_%2C_Bestanddeelnr_928-4696.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Demonstratie_internationale_top_kunstrijden_in_Edenhal_Amerikaan_Terry_Kubicka_%2C_Bestanddeelnr_928-4696.jpg/330px-Demonstratie_internationale_top_kunstrijden_in_Edenhal_Amerikaan_Terry_Kubicka_%2C_Bestanddeelnr_928-4696.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Demonstratie_internationale_top_kunstrijden_in_Edenhal_Amerikaan_Terry_Kubicka_%2C_Bestanddeelnr_928-4696.jpg/440px-Demonstratie_internationale_top_kunstrijden_in_Edenhal_Amerikaan_Terry_Kubicka_%2C_Bestanddeelnr_928-4696.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2445" data-file-height="3682" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Terry_Kubicka" title="Terry Kubicka">Terry Kubicka</a> executing a backflip, 1976</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>backflip</b> is a move in <a href="/wiki/Figure_skating" title="Figure skating">figure skating</a>. <a href="/wiki/Terry_Kubicka" title="Terry Kubicka">Terry Kubicka</a>, a skater from the U.S., was the first skater to successfully execute a legal backflip at the Olympics, during the <a href="/wiki/Figure_skating_at_the_1976_Winter_Olympics" title="Figure skating at the 1976 Winter Olympics">1976 Winter Olympics</a>. The <a href="/wiki/International_Skating_Union" title="International Skating Union">International Skating Union</a> (ISU), the organization that oversees figure skating, banned the backflip in 1977 because it was deemed too dangerous and because it violated the principle of landing on one skate. Skaters continued to perform the move in <a href="/wiki/Ice_show" title="Ice show">ice shows</a> and other non-competitive shows. Until 2024, the backflip was listed as an "illegal element/movement" on the official scoresheet used by judges during competition. <a href="/wiki/Surya_Bonaly" title="Surya Bonaly">Surya Bonaly</a> from France was the first skater to successfully complete a backflip on one blade at the Olympics, during her <a href="/wiki/Free_skating" title="Free skating">free skating program</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Figure_skating_at_the_1998_Winter_Olympics" title="Figure skating at the 1998 Winter Olympics">1998 Winter Olympics</a>, even though it was illegal at the time. According to <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>, performing the backflip ended Bonaly's career, but "the moment quickly became a cultural touchstone" and "Bonaly was making a statement not only as an accomplished skater, but also as a black athlete in one of the world's whitest sports".<sup id="cite_ref-:1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The next time the backflip was done in competition was in 2024, at the <a href="/wiki/2024_European_Figure_Skating_Championships" title="2024 European Figure Skating Championships">European Championships</a>, by French skater <a href="/wiki/Adam_Siao_Him_Fa" title="Adam Siao Him Fa">Adam Siao Him Fa</a>, during his free skating program and while it was still an illegal move. He also completed a backflip during his free skating program at the <a href="/wiki/2024_World_Figure_Skating_Championships" title="2024 World Figure Skating Championships">2024 Worlds Championships</a>. The ban against backflips was lifted later in 2024, when it and other somersault type jumps were removed from the ISU's list of restricted moves and elements. The backflip is not assigned a points value and is not a required element but can be included as part of the <a href="/wiki/Choreographic_sequence" title="Choreographic sequence">choreographic sequence</a> during the free skating program. </p><p>The backflip is executed by skating backwards. One variation of the move, named for Bonaly, occurs when the skater throws both arms upwards to create <a href="/wiki/Momentum" title="Momentum">momentum</a>, dips the left knee to create power, kicks the right leg backwards to execute the flip, and ends it by landing on the left leg. Another variation is executed by landing on both feet. Completing the backflip has been described as "just a pick and a look back".<sup id="cite_ref-wellback_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wellback-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Training for the backflip is done with the use of support ropes around the skater's waist, as well as the use of a harness and a helmet. Skaters and coaches acknowledge both the potential risk of performing backflips and the excitement the audience expresses about seeing them during <a href="/wiki/Ice_show" title="Ice show">ice shows</a> and competitions. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Backflip_(figure_skating)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Terry_Kubicka" title="Terry Kubicka">Terry Kubicka</a> from the U.S. was the first figure skater to successfully execute a legal backflip at the Olympics, during the <a href="/wiki/Figure_skating_at_the_1976_Winter_Olympics" title="Figure skating at the 1976 Winter Olympics">1976 Winter Olympics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-walker_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-walker-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kubicka got the idea of using the backflip in his skating from Evy Scotvold, his coach, who wanted to help advance athleticism in figure skating and to go beyond the triple jumps that were the most difficult elements in the sport at the time. In 1976, in addition to landing a backflip at the Olympics, where Kubicka came in seventh place, he also landed the move at the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Figure_Skating_Championships" title="U.S. Figure Skating Championships">U.S. Championships</a>, which he won, and at the <a href="/wiki/1976_World_Figure_Skating_Championships" title="1976 World Figure Skating Championships">Worlds Championships</a>, when he came in sixth place.<sup id="cite_ref-nickzaccardi_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nickzaccardi-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kubicka later said that he did not think the move influenced skaters' scores, adding, "I don't know if they really knew how to judge it or approach it".<sup id="cite_ref-adamsiaohimfa_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adamsiaohimfa-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/International_Skating_Union" title="International Skating Union">International Skating Union</a> (ISU), the organization that oversees figure skating, banned the backflip in 1977<sup id="cite_ref-walker_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-walker-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> because it was deemed too dangerous and because it "violated one of the sport's principles of landing on one skate".<sup id="cite_ref-adamsiaohimfa_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adamsiaohimfa-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Skaters continued to perform the move in <a href="/wiki/Ice_show" title="Ice show">ice shows</a> and other non-competitive shows; Kubicka, who became a veterinarian after retiring from figure skating, estimated that he executed it hundreds of times during the three years he performed with the <a href="/wiki/Ice_Capades" title="Ice Capades">Ice Capades</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nickzaccardi_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nickzaccardi-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2024, the backflip was listed as an "illegal element/movement" on the official scoresheet used by judges during competition.<sup id="cite_ref-apnews_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-apnews-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Surya_Bonaly,_2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="See caption description" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Surya_Bonaly%2C_2010.jpg/220px-Surya_Bonaly%2C_2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="301" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Surya_Bonaly%2C_2010.jpg/330px-Surya_Bonaly%2C_2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Surya_Bonaly%2C_2010.jpg/440px-Surya_Bonaly%2C_2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="821" data-file-height="1125" /></a><figcaption>Surya Bonaly in 2010</figcaption></figure> <p>French skater <a href="/wiki/Surya_Bonaly" title="Surya Bonaly">Surya Bonaly</a> was the first skater to successfully complete a backflip on one blade at the Olympics, during the <a href="/wiki/Figure_skating_at_the_1998_Winter_Olympics" title="Figure skating at the 1998 Winter Olympics">1998 Winter Olympics</a>, even though it was illegal at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-walker_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-walker-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2018, she said in a <a href="/wiki/TED_(conference)" title="TED (conference)">TEDx talk</a> that her mother, Suzanne Bonaly, encouraged her to practice "forbidden" moves like the backflip, even though her coach "told her off" for attempting them.<sup id="cite_ref-vickymckeever_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vickymckeever-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During a practice session for the <a href="/wiki/Short_program_(figure_skating)" title="Short program (figure skating)">short program</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Figure_skating_at_the_1992_Winter_Olympics" title="Figure skating at the 1992 Winter Olympics">1992 Winter Olympics</a>, Bonaly did a backflip and landed "very close"<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to <a href="/wiki/Midori_Ito" title="Midori Ito">Midori Ito</a> from Japan. According to <i><a href="/wiki/The_Baltimore_Sun" title="The Baltimore Sun">The Baltimore Sun</a></i>, Ito's final rehearsal before competition was interrupted and Ito "never regained her composure",<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which caused her to fall during the short program, and she came in fourth place. Bonaly received "a rare warning from the referee of the women's competition"<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> during a practice session the following day.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ben Wright, a referee from the U.S., told Suzanne Bonaly before practice that her daughter was not permitted to do the move, something she regularly performed during her exhibition programs. Suzanne Bonaly was furious about the reprimand, but her daughter did not execute the move during the practice session. <i>The Baltimore Sun</i> also stated that for two years, figure skating officials like Wright had suspected Bonaly of using the backflip to intimidate other skaters.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the 1998 Olympics, Bonaly was injured and recovering from a severe <a href="/wiki/Achilles_tendon_rupture" title="Achilles tendon rupture">ruptured Achilles tendon</a> that had threatened to end her figure skating career two years earlier, so she considered dropping out of the competition. She knew that she was not going to win or place, so she decided to compete anyway and to "leave the ice giving people something to talk about".<sup id="cite_ref-walker_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-walker-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a 2016 interview, she said that she was in pain towards the end of her <a href="/wiki/Free_skating" title="Free skating">free skating program</a>, and instead of doing the last two triples jumps she had planned because she knew that she would not be able to do them, she decided to do a backflip. She also did the backflip as a protest against the lack of respect and approval of the ISU judges she felt she had experienced throughout her career and for the audience, whom she knew it would please. As Rhiannon Walker of <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> put it, "So she spurned the judges and their approval. And in the end, executed a move that is now referred to by her last name".<sup id="cite_ref-walker_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-walker-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The judges gave Bonaly low scores, dropping her from sixth place after the short program to tenth place overall. Then-ISU president <a href="/wiki/Ottavio_Cinquanta" title="Ottavio Cinquanta">Ottovio Cinquanta</a> later said, "As a human, 10 percent of me approved, and 90 percent as ISU president disapproved".<sup id="cite_ref-walker_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-walker-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i> stated that performing the backflip ended Bonaly's career, but "the moment quickly became a cultural touchstone", adding that "Bonaly was making a statement not only as an accomplished skater, but also as a black athlete in one of the world's whitest sports".<sup id="cite_ref-:1_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She estimated that she landed the backflip over 1,000 times during ice shows; the last one was at a show in <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="São Paulo">São Paulo, Brazil</a>, at the age of 40.<sup id="cite_ref-nickzaccardi_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nickzaccardi-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For the next 25 years, as <a href="/wiki/NBC_Sports" title="NBC Sports">NBC Sports</a> put it, the backflip "remained in figure skating's background".<sup id="cite_ref-nickzaccardi_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nickzaccardi-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bonaly's story was retold every four years during the Olympics and skaters performed it in ice shows.<sup id="cite_ref-nickzaccardi_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nickzaccardi-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The next time the backflip was done in competition was in 2024, at the <a href="/wiki/2024_European_Figure_Skating_Championships" title="2024 European Figure Skating Championships">European Championships</a>, by French skater <a href="/wiki/Adam_Siao_Him_Fa" title="Adam Siao Him Fa">Adam Siao Him Fa</a>. He won the gold medal by more than 20 points for the second time in a row, even though the move was still illegal,<sup id="cite_ref-apnews_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-apnews-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> telling the spectators, "I've actually done this back flip for you people. It's a little French touch".<sup id="cite_ref-adamsiaohimfa_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adamsiaohimfa-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> NBC Sports called it "a throwback to the move trademarked by countrywoman Surya Bonaly".<sup id="cite_ref-adamsiaohimfa_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adamsiaohimfa-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Siao Him Fa received a two-point deduction, which did not affect the outcome of the competition.<sup id="cite_ref-adamsiaohimfa_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adamsiaohimfa-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-apnews_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-apnews-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-flippinamazing_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-flippinamazing-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He later said that he started adding the backflip in competition to push figure skating forward and to "provide opportunities for himself and other skaters to express themselves".<sup id="cite_ref-nickzaccardi_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nickzaccardi-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Siao Him Fa again executed the backflip during his free skating program at the <a href="/wiki/2024_World_Figure_Skating_Championships" title="2024 World Figure Skating Championships">2024 Worlds Championships</a>, after coming in 19th place during the short program; he came in third place overall. Kubicka was an official on the technical panel during Worlds; he later said, "It was our responsibility as a technical panel to call it illegal and make a deduction".<sup id="cite_ref-nickzaccardi_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nickzaccardi-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kubicka later told <a href="/wiki/U.S._Figure_Skating" title="U.S. Figure Skating">U.S. Figure Skating</a> that he was able to recognize the irony in having to make the deduction in Siao Him Fa's scores and called it "a full circle moment for me".<sup id="cite_ref-wellback_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wellback-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also said that Sonia Blanchetti was the chairperson of ISU's technical panel when the backflip was banned in 1977 and that her son held the same position in 2024, when the ban was lifted.<sup id="cite_ref-wellback_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wellback-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The backflip ban was lifted prior to the <a href="/wiki/2024%E2%80%9325_figure_skating_season" title="2024–25 figure skating season">2024-2025 season</a>, when it and other "somersault type jumps" were removed from ISU's list of restricted moves and elements. The ISU's agenda for its congress in <a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas" title="Las Vegas">Las Vegas</a> in June 2024 included a proposal to remove backflips from the restricted list,<sup id="cite_ref-nickzaccardi_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nickzaccardi-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> stating that the reason for doing so was that "somersault type jumps are very spectacular and nowadays it is not logical anymore to include them as illegal movements";<sup id="cite_ref-nickzaccardi_4-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nickzaccardi-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the proposal passed and the ban was removed from the sport's rules. The backflip is not assigned a point value and is not a required element, but it is allowed to be included as part of the <a href="/wiki/Choreographic_sequence" title="Choreographic sequence">choreographic sequence</a> during the free skating program.<sup id="cite_ref-flippinamazing_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-flippinamazing-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wellback_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wellback-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>ABC News reported that backflips "almost immediately"<sup id="cite_ref-flippinamazing_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-flippinamazing-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> began to appear in lower-level competitions, including at the <a href="/wiki/2024_CS_Lombardia_Trophy" title="2024 CS Lombardia Trophy">Lombardia Trophy</a> in September 2024, when <a href="/wiki/Ilia_Malinin" title="Ilia Malinin">Ilia Malinin</a> from the U.S., who won the event, successfully executed it. The first time the move was allowed at the <a href="/wiki/ISU_Grand_Prix_of_Figure_Skating" title="ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating">Grand Prix series</a> was at the <a href="/wiki/2024_Skate_America" title="2024 Skate America">2024 Skate America</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-flippinamazing_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-flippinamazing-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nickzaccardi_4-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nickzaccardi-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wellback_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wellback-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Execution_and_training">Execution and training</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Backflip_(figure_skating)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Execution and training"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ryan_Bradley_Backflip_-_2006_Skate_America.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Note caption description" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Ryan_Bradley_Backflip_-_2006_Skate_America.jpg/220px-Ryan_Bradley_Backflip_-_2006_Skate_America.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Ryan_Bradley_Backflip_-_2006_Skate_America.jpg/330px-Ryan_Bradley_Backflip_-_2006_Skate_America.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/Ryan_Bradley_Backflip_-_2006_Skate_America.jpg 2x" data-file-width="384" data-file-height="576" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ryan_Bradley" title="Ryan Bradley">Ryan Bradley</a> demonstrating the back flip, 2006</figcaption></figure> <p>A skater enters into a backflip by skating backwards. Then they throw both their arms upwards to create <a href="/wiki/Momentum" title="Momentum">momentum</a>, dip their left knee to create power, kick their right leg backwards to execute the flip, and end it by landing on their left leg.<sup id="cite_ref-walker_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-walker-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This variation of the backflip is named after Bonaly.<sup id="cite_ref-vickymckeever_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vickymckeever-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-flippinamazing_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-flippinamazing-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The backflip is also executed by landing on two feet, as Siao Him Fa did at the 2024 European Championships.<sup id="cite_ref-adamsiaohimfa_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adamsiaohimfa-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Patrick Blackwell from the U.S., who competed as a junior in 2024, described completing the backflip as "just a pick and a look back".<sup id="cite_ref-wellback_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wellback-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kubicka learned and trained for the backflip on the ice by using support ropes to help guide his landing. Siao Him Fa trained for the backflip wearing a helmet and a harness.<sup id="cite_ref-nickzaccardi_4-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nickzaccardi-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Blackwell trained with a harness.<sup id="cite_ref-wellback_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wellback-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Malinin was able to "seamlessly incorporate the backflip into his program"<sup id="cite_ref-flippinamazing_9-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-flippinamazing-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> because he had been doing gymnastics off the ice for much of his life. He had been doing backflips off-ice for the previous four or five years before the ban was lifted, stating, "I was doing gymnastics and it started to become muscle memory".<sup id="cite_ref-flippinamazing_9-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-flippinamazing-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He worked on learning the backflip with his father and another coach at his home, using ropes around his waist for support, and later worked with former competitor <a href="/wiki/Ryan_Bradley" title="Ryan Bradley">Ryan Bradley</a> from the U.S. and American professional skaters Scott Irvine and Jason Gratz, who taught him how to execute the move on the ice.<sup id="cite_ref-wellback_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wellback-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Skaters, including Kubicka, Bonaly, Siao Him Fa, and Bradley, who also performed backflips in ice shows for many years, acknowledged the risk associated with the move. Kubicka expressed hope that skaters have "the appropriate training prior to incorporating it onto the ice".<sup id="cite_ref-nickzaccardi_4-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nickzaccardi-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bonaly, who became a skating coach and was hospitalized after attempting a backflip with a twist on the ice, said in 2024 that she did not teach the move to her students.<sup id="cite_ref-nickzaccardi_4-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nickzaccardi-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Malinin told NBC Sports that spectators at ice shows and competitions "really went wild over" the backflip and that it inserted a surprise into his programs. He also said that it "almost gives the same energy as if I were to do a quad jump".<sup id="cite_ref-nickzaccardi_4-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nickzaccardi-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Backflip_(figure_skating)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:1-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRoot2018" class="citation news cs1">Root, Tik (22 February 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/sports/wp/2018/02/22/twenty-years-later-figure-skatings-most-famous-backflip-remains-amazing-and-illegal/">"Twenty Years Later, Figure Skating's Most Famous Back Flip Remains Amazing (and Illegal)"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221107111945/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/sports/wp/2018/02/22/twenty-years-later-figure-skatings-most-famous-backflip-remains-amazing-and-illegal/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Twenty+Years+Later%2C+Figure+Skating%27s+Most+Famous+Back+Flip+Remains+Amazing+%28and+Illegal%29&rft.date=2018-02-22&rft.aulast=Root&rft.aufirst=Tik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fsports%2Fwp%2F2018%2F02%2F22%2Ftwenty-years-later-figure-skatings-most-famous-backflip-remains-amazing-and-illegal%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABackflip+%28figure+skating%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wellback-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wellback_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wellback_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wellback_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wellback_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wellback_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wellback_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wellback_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wellback_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalker2024" class="citation web cs1">Walker, Elvin (3 October 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usfigureskating.org/news/article/backflip-well-back">"The Backflip is Well, Back…"</a>. <i>U.S. Figure Skating</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Figure+Skating&rft.atitle=The+Backflip+is+Well%2C+Back%E2%80%A6&rft.date=2024-10-03&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=Elvin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usfigureskating.org%2Fnews%2Farticle%2Fbackflip-well-back&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABackflip+%28figure+skating%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-walker-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-walker_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-walker_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-walker_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-walker_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-walker_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-walker_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-walker_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalker2022" class="citation news cs1">Walker, Rhiannon (18 February 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/3133356/2022/02/18/forgotten-fridays-in-her-last-olympic-competition-surya-bonaly-pulled-something-special-out-of-her-back-pocket/">"Forgotten Fridays: In Her Last Olympic Competition, Surya Bonaly Pulled Something Special out of Her Back Pocket"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Forgotten+Fridays%3A+In+Her+Last+Olympic+Competition%2C+Surya+Bonaly+Pulled+Something+Special+out+of+Her+Back+Pocket&rft.date=2022-02-18&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=Rhiannon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Fathletic%2F3133356%2F2022%2F02%2F18%2Fforgotten-fridays-in-her-last-olympic-competition-surya-bonaly-pulled-something-special-out-of-her-back-pocket%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABackflip+%28figure+skating%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nickzaccardi-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nickzaccardi_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nickzaccardi_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nickzaccardi_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nickzaccardi_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nickzaccardi_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nickzaccardi_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nickzaccardi_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nickzaccardi_4-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nickzaccardi_4-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nickzaccardi_4-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nickzaccardi_4-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nickzaccardi_4-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nickzaccardi_4-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nickzaccardi_4-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZaccardi2024" class="citation news cs1">Zaccardi, Nick (16 October 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcsports.com/olympics/news/figure-skating-backflip-ilia-malinin-surya-bonaly-adam-siao-him-fa">"From Surya Bonaly to Ilia Malinin, Figure Skating's Backflip Comeback Sparks Reaction"</a>. <i>NBC Sports</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NBC+Sports&rft.atitle=Adam+Siao+Him+Fa+Lands+Back+Flip+En+Route+to+European+Figure+Skating+Title&rft.date=2024-01-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcsports.com%2Folympics%2Fnews%2Fadam-siao-him-fa-back-flip-surya-bonaly-figure-skating-european-championships&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABackflip+%28figure+skating%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-apnews-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-apnews_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-apnews_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-apnews_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/figure-skating-european-championships-290dff46fcb55a1e64cf278091ec9b22">"Siao Him Fa Retains European Figure Skating Gold Despite Losing Points for an Illegal Backflip"</a>. <i>AP News</i>. 12 January 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AP+News&rft.atitle=Siao+Him+Fa+Retains+European+Figure+Skating+Gold+Despite+Losing+Points+for+an+Illegal+Backflip&rft.date=2024-01-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Ffigure-skating-european-championships-290dff46fcb55a1e64cf278091ec9b22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABackflip+%28figure+skating%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vickymckeever-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-vickymckeever_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vickymckeever_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcKeever2019" class="citation news cs1">McKeever, Vicky (6 November 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2019/11/06/how-olympic-figure-skater-surya-bonaly-became-a-world-champion.html">"Olympic Figure Skater Surya Bonaly Followed This Simple Rule to Become World Champion"</a>. <i>CNBC</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1992-02-21/sports/1992052091_1_bonaly-surya-back-flip">the original</a> on 25 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Baltimore+Sun&rft.atitle=Bonaly+Kicks+Up+Controversy%2C+Draws+Warning+for+Back+Flip&rft.date=1992-02-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.baltimoresun.com%2F1992-02-21%2Fsports%2F1992052091_1_bonaly-surya-back-flip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABackflip+%28figure+skating%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-flippinamazing-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-flippinamazing_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-flippinamazing_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-flippinamazing_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-flippinamazing_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-flippinamazing_9-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-flippinamazing_9-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-flippinamazing_9-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSkretta2024" class="citation web cs1">Skretta, Dave (15 October 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/Sports/wireStory/flippin-amazing-figure-skating-grand-prix-season-begins-114822684">"That's Flippin' Amazing! 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=That%27s+Flippin%27+Amazing%21+Figure+Skating+Grand+Prix+Season+Begins+with+Backflips+No+Longer+Banned&rft.date=2024-10-15&rft.aulast=Skretta&rft.aufirst=Dave&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FSports%2FwireStory%2Fflippin-amazing-figure-skating-grand-prix-season-begins-114822684&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABackflip+%28figure+skating%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Backflip_(figure_skating)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Backflips_in_figure_skating" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Backflips in figure skating">Backflips in figure skating</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://current.isu.org/inside-isu/isu-communications/communications/33753-isu-communication-2629/file">Communication No. 2629: Agenda of the 59th Ordinary Congress, Las Vegas – 2024</a>: Proposal for rule change (p. 101)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://current.isu.org/inside-isu/isu-communications/communications/34017-isu-communication-2655/file">Communication No. 2655</a> (July 14, 2024): Rule 610 change, p. 3</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mreoWzjej8k">Surya Bonaly's free skate at the 1998 Winter Olympics</a> (YouTube clip, backflip at 3.58)</li> <li>A <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_R7Cq2Nz8x0">dam Siao Him Fa's free skate at the 2024 Worlds Championships</a> (YouTube clip, backflip at 4.10)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OEZ8_--BvXM">Ilian Malinin's free skate at 2024 Skate America</a> (YouTube clip, backflip at 4.22)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template:Figure_skating" title="Template:Figure skating"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Figure_skating" title="Template talk:Figure skating"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Figure_skating" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Figure skating"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Figure_skating" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Figure_skating" title="Figure skating">Figure skating</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Skating_Union" title="International Skating Union">International Skating Union (ISU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_figure_skating" title="International figure skating">National federations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISU_World_Standings_and_Season%27s_World_Ranking" title="ISU World Standings and Season's World Ranking">World Standings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figure_skating_records_and_statistics" title="Figure skating records and statistics">Records and statistics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Competitive<br />skating</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_figure_skating_terms" title="Glossary of figure skating terms">Glossary of terms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_figure_skating" title="History of figure skating">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figure_skate" title="Figure skate">Figure skate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figure_skating_rink" title="Figure skating rink">Rink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figure_skating_club" title="Figure skating club">Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figure_skating_competition" title="Figure skating competition">Competition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figure_skating_season" title="Figure skating season">Season</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISU_Judging_System" title="ISU Judging System">ISU Judging System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6.0_system" title="6.0 system">6.0 system</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Disciplines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Single_skating" title="Single skating">Single skating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pair_skating" title="Pair skating">Pair skating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_dance" title="Ice dance">Ice dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synchronized_skating" title="Synchronized skating">Synchronized skating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_skating" title="Four skating">Four skating</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Segments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Compulsory_figures" title="Compulsory figures">Compulsory figures</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demise_and_revival_of_compulsory_figures" title="Demise and revival of compulsory figures">Demise and revival</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_figures" title="Special figures">Special figures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_program_(figure_skating)" title="Short program (figure skating)">Short program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_skating" title="Free skating">Free skating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compulsory_dance" title="Compulsory dance">Compulsory dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Original_dance" title="Original dance">Original dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhythm_dance" title="Rhythm dance">Rhythm dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_dance_(ice_dance)" title="Free dance (ice dance)">Free dance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International<br />competitions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Singles, pairs <br /> and ice dance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Figure_skating_at_the_Olympic_Games" title="Figure skating at the Olympic Games">Olympic Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Figure_Skating_Championships" title="World Figure Skating Championships">World Championships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Figure_Skating_Championships" title="European Figure Skating Championships">European Championships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Continents_Figure_Skating_Championships" title="Four Continents Figure Skating Championships">Four Continents Championships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISU_Grand_Prix_of_Figure_Skating" title="ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating">Grand Prix</a> (<a href="/wiki/Grand_Prix_of_Figure_Skating_Final" title="Grand Prix of Figure Skating Final">Final</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISU_Challenger_Series" title="ISU Challenger Series">Challenger Series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISU_World_Team_Trophy_in_Figure_Skating" title="ISU World Team Trophy in Figure Skating">World Team Trophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figure_skating_at_the_Youth_Olympic_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="Figure skating at the Youth Olympic Games">Youth Olympic Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Junior_Figure_Skating_Championships" title="World Junior Figure Skating Championships">World Junior Championships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISU_Junior_Grand_Prix" title="ISU Junior Grand Prix">Junior Grand Prix</a> (<a href="/wiki/ISU_Junior_Grand_Prix_Final" title="ISU Junior Grand Prix Final">Final</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Synchronized skating</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISU_World_Synchronized_Skating_Championships" title="ISU World Synchronized Skating Championships">World Championships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISU_World_Junior_Synchronized_Skating_Championships" title="ISU World Junior Synchronized Skating Championships">World Junior Championships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISU_Junior_World_Challenge_Cup" title="ISU Junior World Challenge Cup">Junior World Challenge Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISU_Synchronized_Skating_Challenger_Series&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISU Synchronized Skating Challenger Series (page does not exist)">Challenger Series</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elements<br />and other<br />moves</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Required elements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Choreographic_sequence" title="Choreographic sequence">Choreographic sequence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_spiral_(figure_skating)" title="Death spiral (figure skating)">Death spiral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figure_skating_jumps" title="Figure skating jumps">Jumps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figure_skating_lifts" title="Figure skating lifts">Lifts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figure_skating_spins" title="Figure skating spins">Spins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Step_sequence" title="Step sequence">Step sequence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twizzle" title="Twizzle">Twizzle turn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Competition_elements_in_ice_dance" title="Competition elements in ice dance">Competition elements in ice dance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Jumps</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Axel_jump" title="Axel jump">Axel jump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euler_jump" title="Euler jump">Euler jump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flip_jump" title="Flip jump">Flip jump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loop_jump" title="Loop jump">Loop jump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutz_jump" title="Lutz jump">Lutz jump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salchow_jump" title="Salchow jump">Salchow jump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toe_loop_jump" title="Toe loop jump">Toe loop jump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadruple_jump" title="Quadruple jump">Quadruple jump</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spins</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Upright_spin" title="Upright spin">Upright spin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Layback_spin" title="Layback spin">Layback spin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biellmann_spin" title="Biellmann spin">Biellmann spin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sit_spin" title="Sit spin">Sit spin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camel_spin" title="Camel spin">Camel spin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Steps, turns<br />and basic strokes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Three_turn" class="mw-redirect" title="Three turn">Three turn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bracket_turn" title="Bracket turn">Bracket turn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choctaw_turn" title="Choctaw turn">Choctaw turn</a> (S<span class="nowrap"> </span>step)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter_turn" title="Counter turn">Counter turn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossover_(figure_skating)" title="Crossover (figure skating)">Crossover</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loop_turn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Loop turn (page does not exist)">Loop turn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohawk_turn" title="Mohawk turn">Mohawk turn</a> (C<span class="nowrap"> </span>step)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocker_turn" title="Rocker turn">Rocker turn</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Backflip</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Moves in the field</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Besti_squat" title="Besti squat">Besti squat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantilever_(figure_skating)" title="Cantilever (figure skating)">Cantilever</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydroblading" title="Hydroblading">Hydroblading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ina_Bauer_(element)" title="Ina Bauer (element)">Ina Bauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figure_skating_spirals" title="Figure skating spirals">Spiral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spread_eagle_(figure_skating)" title="Spread eagle (figure skating)">Spread eagle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Professional<br />skating</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ice_show" title="Ice show">Ice shows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_theatre" title="Ice theatre">Ice theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Professional_Figure_Skating_Championships" title="World Professional Figure Skating Championships">World Professional Figure Skating Championships</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adult_figure_skating" title="Adult figure skating">Adult figure skating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doping_in_figure_skating" title="Doping in figure skating">Doping in figure skating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Country_changes_in_figure_skating" title="Country changes in figure skating">Country changes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Slam_(figure_skating)" title="Grand Slam (figure skating)">Grand Slam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiss_and_cry" title="Kiss and cry">Kiss and cry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Figure_Skating_Hall_of_Fame" title="World Figure Skating Hall of Fame">World Figure Skating Hall of Fame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Figure_Sport_Society" title="World Figure Sport Society">World Figure Sport Society</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_figure_skaters_(men%27s_singles)" title="List of figure skaters (men's singles)">Figure skaters (men)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_figure_skaters_(women%27s_singles)" title="List of figure skaters (women's singles)">Figure skaters (women)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_figure_skaters_(pair_skating)" title="List of figure skaters (pair skating)">Figure skaters (pairs)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_figure_skaters_(ice_dance)" title="List of figure skaters (ice dance)">Figure skaters (ice dance)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympic_venues_in_figure_skating" title="List of Olympic venues in figure skating">Olympic venues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_figure_skating_competitions" title="List of figure skating competitions">Competitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest_scores_in_figure_skating" title="List of highest scores in figure skating">Highest scores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest_historical_scores_in_figure_skating" title="List of highest historical scores in figure skating">Highest historical scores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest_junior_scores_in_figure_skating" title="List of highest junior scores in figure skating">Highest junior scores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest_historical_junior_scores_in_figure_skating" title="List of highest historical junior scores in figure skating">Highest historical junior scores</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Film & TV</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Blades_of_Glory" title="Blades of Glory">Blades of Glory</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Cutting_Edge" title="The Cutting Edge">The Cutting Edge</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ice_Princess" title="Ice Princess">Ice Princess</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spinning_Out" title="Spinning Out">Spinning Out</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yuri_on_Ice" title="Yuri on Ice">Yuri on Ice</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zero_Chill" title="Zero Chill">Zero Chill</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" 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