CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs skin-theme-clientpref-day mf-expand-sections-clientpref-0 mf-font-size-clientpref-small mw-mf-amc-clientpref-0" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Dardanelles - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js skin-theme-clientpref-day mf-expand-sections-clientpref-0 mf-font-size-clientpref-small mw-mf-amc-clientpref-0";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"053a8f77-7eae-4c6c-9b65-844aff634d13","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Dardanelles","wgTitle":"Dardanelles","wgCurRevisionId":1267447910,"wgRevisionId":1267447910,"wgArticleId":8073, "wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Dardanelles","wgRelevantArticleId":8073,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFMode":"stable","wgMFAmc":false,"wgMFAmcOutreachActive":false,"wgMFAmcOutreachUserEligible":false,"wgMFLazyLoadImages":true,"wgMFEditNoticesFeatureConflict":false,"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgMFIsSupportedEditRequest":true,"wgMFScriptPath":"", "wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgCoordinates":{"lat":40.2,"lon":26.4},"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgSectionTranslationMissingLanguages":[{"lang":"ace","autonym":"Acèh","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ady","autonym":"адыгабзэ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"alt","autonym":"алтай тил","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"am","autonym":"አማርኛ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ami","autonym":"Pangcah","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ann","autonym":"Obolo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"anp","autonym":"अंगिका","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ary","autonym":"الدارجة","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"as","autonym":"অসমীয়া","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"av","autonym":"авар","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"avk","autonym":"Kotava","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"awa","autonym":"अवधी","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ay","autonym":"Aymar aru","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"azb","autonym":"تۆرکجه","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"ban","autonym":"Basa Bali","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bar","autonym":"Boarisch","dir":"ltr" },{"lang":"bbc","autonym":"Batak Toba","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bcl","autonym":"Bikol Central","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bdr","autonym":"Bajau Sama","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bew","autonym":"Betawi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bho","autonym":"भोजपुरी","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bi","autonym":"Bislama","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bjn","autonym":"Banjar","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"blk","autonym":"ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bm","autonym":"bamanankan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bpy","autonym":"বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"btm","autonym":"Batak Mandailing","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bug","autonym":"Basa Ugi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cdo","autonym":"閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ch","autonym":"Chamoru","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"chr","autonym":"ᏣᎳᎩ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cr","autonym":"Nēhiyawēwin / ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"crh","autonym":"qırımtatarca","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cu", "autonym":"словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dag","autonym":"dagbanli","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dga","autonym":"Dagaare","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"din","autonym":"Thuɔŋjäŋ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"diq","autonym":"Zazaki","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dsb","autonym":"dolnoserbski","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dtp","autonym":"Kadazandusun","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dv","autonym":"ދިވެހިބަސް","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"dz","autonym":"ཇོང་ཁ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ee","autonym":"eʋegbe","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"eml","autonym":"emiliàn e rumagnòl","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fat","autonym":"mfantse","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ff","autonym":"Fulfulde","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fj","autonym":"Na Vosa Vakaviti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fo","autonym":"føroyskt","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fon","autonym":"fɔ̀ngbè","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"frp","autonym":"arpetan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fur","autonym":"furlan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gag","autonym":"Gagauz","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gan", "autonym":"贛語","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gcr","autonym":"kriyòl gwiyannen","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"glk","autonym":"گیلکی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"gn","autonym":"Avañe'ẽ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gom","autonym":"गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gor","autonym":"Bahasa Hulontalo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gpe","autonym":"Ghanaian Pidgin","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gu","autonym":"ગુજરાતી","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"guc","autonym":"wayuunaiki","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gur","autonym":"farefare","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"guw","autonym":"gungbe","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gv","autonym":"Gaelg","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ha","autonym":"Hausa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hak","autonym":"客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"haw","autonym":"Hawaiʻi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hif","autonym":"Fiji Hindi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hsb","autonym":"hornjoserbsce","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ht","autonym":"Kreyòl ayisyen","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hyw","autonym": "Արեւմտահայերէն","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ia","autonym":"interlingua","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"iba","autonym":"Jaku Iban","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ie","autonym":"Interlingue","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ig","autonym":"Igbo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"igl","autonym":"Igala","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ilo","autonym":"Ilokano","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"io","autonym":"Ido","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"iu","autonym":"ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"jam","autonym":"Patois","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kaa","autonym":"Qaraqalpaqsha","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kab","autonym":"Taqbaylit","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kbd","autonym":"адыгэбзэ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kbp","autonym":"Kabɩyɛ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kcg","autonym":"Tyap","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kg","autonym":"Kongo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kge","autonym":"Kumoring","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ki","autonym":"Gĩkũyũ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kl","autonym":"kalaallisut","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"km","autonym":"ភាសាខ្មែរ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang": "knc","autonym":"Yerwa Kanuri","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"koi","autonym":"перем коми","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"krc","autonym":"къарачай-малкъар","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ks","autonym":"कॉशुर / کٲشُر","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"kus","autonym":"Kʋsaal","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kv","autonym":"коми","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kw","autonym":"kernowek","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lad","autonym":"Ladino","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lez","autonym":"лезги","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lg","autonym":"Luganda","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"li","autonym":"Limburgs","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lij","autonym":"Ligure","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lld","autonym":"Ladin","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ln","autonym":"lingála","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lo","autonym":"ລາວ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ltg","autonym":"latgaļu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mad","autonym":"Madhurâ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mai","autonym":"मैथिली","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"map-bms","autonym":"Basa Banyumasan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mdf","autonym": "мокшень","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mg","autonym":"Malagasy","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mhr","autonym":"олык марий","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mi","autonym":"Māori","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"min","autonym":"Minangkabau","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mn","autonym":"монгол","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mni","autonym":"ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mnw","autonym":"ဘာသာမန်","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mos","autonym":"moore","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mrj","autonym":"кырык мары","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mt","autonym":"Malti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mwl","autonym":"Mirandés","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"my","autonym":"မြန်မာဘာသာ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"myv","autonym":"эрзянь","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mzn","autonym":"مازِرونی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"nah","autonym":"Nāhuatl","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nan","autonym":"閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nap","autonym":"Napulitano","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nb","autonym":"norsk bokmål","dir":"ltr"},{ "lang":"nds","autonym":"Plattdüütsch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nds-nl","autonym":"Nedersaksies","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ne","autonym":"नेपाली","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nia","autonym":"Li Niha","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nqo","autonym":"ߒߞߏ","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"nr","autonym":"isiNdebele seSewula","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nso","autonym":"Sesotho sa Leboa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ny","autonym":"Chi-Chewa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"om","autonym":"Oromoo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"or","autonym":"ଓଡ଼ିଆ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pa","autonym":"ਪੰਜਾਬੀ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pag","autonym":"Pangasinan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pam","autonym":"Kapampangan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pap","autonym":"Papiamentu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pcd","autonym":"Picard","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pcm","autonym":"Naijá","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pdc","autonym":"Deitsch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pms","autonym":"Piemontèis","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ps","autonym":"پښتو","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"pwn","autonym":"pinayuanan" ,"dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"qu","autonym":"Runa Simi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rm","autonym":"rumantsch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rn","autonym":"ikirundi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rsk","autonym":"руски","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rup","autonym":"armãneashti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rw","autonym":"Ikinyarwanda","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sa","autonym":"संस्कृतम्","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sah","autonym":"саха тыла","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sat","autonym":"ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sc","autonym":"sardu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sd","autonym":"سنڌي","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"se","autonym":"davvisámegiella","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sg","autonym":"Sängö","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sgs","autonym":"žemaitėška","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"shi","autonym":"Taclḥit","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"shn","autonym":"ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"si","autonym":"සිංහල","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"skr","autonym":"سرائیکی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"sm","autonym": "Gagana Samoa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"smn","autonym":"anarâškielâ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sn","autonym":"chiShona","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"srn","autonym":"Sranantongo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ss","autonym":"SiSwati","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"st","autonym":"Sesotho","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"stq","autonym":"Seeltersk","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"su","autonym":"Sunda","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"szl","autonym":"ślůnski","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tay","autonym":"Tayal","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tcy","autonym":"ತುಳು","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tdd","autonym":"ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"te","autonym":"తెలుగు","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tet","autonym":"tetun","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tg","autonym":"тоҷикӣ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ti","autonym":"ትግርኛ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tig","autonym":"ትግሬ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tk","autonym":"Türkmençe","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tl","autonym":"Tagalog","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tly","autonym":"tolışi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tn", "autonym":"Setswana","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"to","autonym":"lea faka-Tonga","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tpi","autonym":"Tok Pisin","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"trv","autonym":"Seediq","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ts","autonym":"Xitsonga","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tum","autonym":"chiTumbuka","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tw","autonym":"Twi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ty","autonym":"reo tahiti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tyv","autonym":"тыва дыл","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"udm","autonym":"удмурт","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ve","autonym":"Tshivenda","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vec","autonym":"vèneto","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vep","autonym":"vepsän kel’","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vo","autonym":"Volapük","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vro","autonym":"võro","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"wa","autonym":"walon","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"wo","autonym":"Wolof","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"xal","autonym":"хальмг","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"xh","autonym":"isiXhosa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"xmf","autonym":"მარგალური","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"yo","autonym": "Yorùbá","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"yue","autonym":"粵語","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"za","autonym":"Vahcuengh","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"zgh","autonym":"ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"zu","autonym":"isiZulu","dir":"ltr"}],"wgSectionTranslationTargetLanguages":["ace","ady","alt","am","ami","an","ang","ann","anp","ar","ary","arz","as","ast","av","avk","awa","ay","az","azb","ba","ban","bar","bbc","bcl","bdr","be","bew","bg","bho","bi","bjn","blk","bm","bn","bo","bpy","br","bs","btm","bug","ca","cdo","ce","ceb","ch","chr","ckb","co","cr","crh","cs","cu","cy","da","dag","de","dga","din","diq","dsb","dtp","dv","dz","ee","el","eml","eo","es","et","eu","fa","fat","ff","fi","fj","fo","fon","fr","frp","frr","fur","fy","gag","gan","gcr","gl","glk","gn","gom","gor","gpe","gu","guc","gur","guw","gv","ha","hak","haw","he","hi","hif","hr","hsb","ht","hu","hy","hyw","ia","iba","ie","ig","igl","ilo","io","is","it","iu","ja","jam","jv","ka","kaa","kab","kbd","kbp","kcg", "kg","kge","ki","kk","kl","km","kn","knc","ko","koi","krc","ks","ku","kus","kv","kw","ky","lad","lb","lez","lg","li","lij","lld","lmo","ln","lo","lt","ltg","lv","mad","mai","map-bms","mdf","mg","mhr","mi","min","mk","ml","mn","mni","mnw","mos","mr","mrj","ms","mt","mwl","my","myv","mzn","nah","nan","nap","nb","nds","nds-nl","ne","new","nia","nl","nn","nqo","nr","nso","ny","oc","om","or","os","pa","pag","pam","pap","pcd","pcm","pdc","pl","pms","pnb","ps","pt","pwn","qu","rm","rn","ro","rsk","rue","rup","rw","sa","sah","sat","sc","scn","sco","sd","se","sg","sgs","sh","shi","shn","si","sk","skr","sl","sm","smn","sn","so","sq","sr","srn","ss","st","stq","su","sv","sw","szl","ta","tay","tcy","tdd","te","tet","tg","th","ti","tig","tk","tl","tly","tn","to","tpi","tr","trv","ts","tt","tum","tw","ty","tyv","udm","ur","uz","ve","vec","vep","vi","vls","vo","vro","wa","war","wo","wuu","xal","xh","xmf","yi","yo","yue","za","zgh","zh","zu"],"isLanguageSearcherCXEntrypointEnabled":true, "mintEntrypointLanguages":["ace","ast","azb","bcl","bjn","bh","crh","ff","fon","ig","is","ki","ks","lmo","min","sat","ss","tn","vec"],"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q6514","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false,"wgMinervaPermissions":{"watchable":true,"watch":false},"wgMinervaFeatures":{"beta":false,"donate":true,"mobileOptionsLink":true,"categories":false,"pageIssues":true,"talkAtTop":true,"historyInPageActions":false,"overflowSubmenu":false,"tabsOnSpecials":true,"personalMenu":false,"mainMenuExpanded":false,"echo":true,"nightMode":true},"wgMinervaDownloadNamespaces":[0]};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options": "loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","mediawiki.page.gallery.styles":"ready","skins.minerva.styles":"ready","skins.minerva.content.styles.images":"ready","mediawiki.hlist":"ready","skins.minerva.codex.styles":"ready","skins.minerva.icons":"ready","skins.minerva.amc.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","mobile.init.styles":"ready","ext.relatedArticles.styles":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","skins.minerva.scripts","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","ext.popups","mobile.init","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.relatedArticles.readMore.bootstrap","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.entrypoints.mffrequentlanguages", "ext.cx.entrypoints.languagesearcher.init","mw.externalguidance.init","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.relatedArticles.styles%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cmediawiki.hlist%7Cmediawiki.page.gallery.styles%7Cmobile.init.styles%7Cskins.minerva.amc.styles%7Cskins.minerva.codex.styles%7Cskins.minerva.content.styles.images%7Cskins.minerva.icons%2Cstyles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=minerva"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=minerva"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=minerva"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.16"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#eaecf0"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/Dardanelles_map2.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1029"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/Dardanelles_map2.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="686"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Dardanelles_map2.png/640px-Dardanelles_map2.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="549"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, user-scalable=yes, minimum-scale=0.25, maximum-scale=5.0"> <meta property="og:title" content="Dardanelles - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="manifest" href="/w/api.php?action=webapp-manifest"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Dardanelles&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dardanelles"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Dardanelles rootpage-Dardanelles stable issues-group-B skin-minerva action-view skin--responsive mw-mf-amc-disabled mw-mf"><div id="mw-mf-viewport"> <div id="mw-mf-page-center"> <a class="mw-mf-page-center__mask" href="#"></a> <header class="header-container header-chrome"> <div class="minerva-header"> <nav class="navigation-drawer toggle-list view-border-box"> <input type="checkbox" id="main-menu-input" class="toggle-list__checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="mw-mf-main-menu-button"> <label role="button" for="main-menu-input" id="mw-mf-main-menu-button" aria-hidden="true" data-event-name="ui.mainmenu" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet toggle-list__toggle"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--menu"></span> <span></span> </label> <div id="mw-mf-page-left" class="menu view-border-box"> <ul id="p-navigation" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--home" href="/wiki/Main_Page" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--home"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Home</span> </a> </li> <li class="toggle-list-item "> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--random" href="/wiki/Special:Random" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--die"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Random</span> </a> </li> <li class="toggle-list-item skin-minerva-list-item-jsonly"> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--nearby" href="/wiki/Special:Nearby" data-event-name="menu.nearby" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--mapPin"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Nearby</span> </a> </li> </ul> <ul id="p-personal" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor mw-list-item menu__item--login" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Dardanelles" data-event-name="menu.login" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--logIn"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Log in</span> </a> </li> </ul> <ul id="pt-preferences" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item skin-minerva-list-item-jsonly"> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--settings" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:MobileOptions&returnto=Dardanelles" data-event-name="menu.settings" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--settings"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Settings</span> </a> </li> </ul> <ul id="p-donation" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--donate" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en&wmf_key=minerva" data-event-name="menu.donate" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--heart"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Donate</span> </a> </li> </ul> <ul class="hlist"> <li class="toggle-list-item "> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--about" href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" data-mw="interface"> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">About Wikipedia</span> </a> </li> <li class="toggle-list-item "> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--disclaimers" href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer" data-mw="interface"> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Disclaimers</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <label class="main-menu-mask" for="main-menu-input"></label> </nav> <div class="branding-box"> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page"> <span><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </span> </a> </div> <form action="/w/index.php" method="get" class="minerva-search-form"> <div class="search-box"> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"/> <input class="search skin-minerva-search-trigger" id="searchInput" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> <span class="search-box-icon-overlay"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--search"></span> </span> </div> <button id="searchIcon" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet skin-minerva-search-trigger"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </form> <nav class="minerva-user-navigation" aria-label="User navigation"> </nav> </div> </header> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <div class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Dardanelles</span></h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li class="minerva__tab selected mw-list-item"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Dardanelles" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.main">Article</a> </li> <li class="minerva__tab mw-list-item"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Talk:Dardanelles" rel="discussion" data-event-name="tabs.talk">Talk</a> </li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" href="#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--language"></span> <span>Language</span> </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Dardanelles" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--star"></span> <span>Watch</span> </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-edit" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="/w/index.php?title=Dardanelles&action=edit" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Edit</span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span>For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Dardanelles_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Dardanelles (disambiguation)">Dardanelles (disambiguation)</a>.</span> <span>"Hellespont" redirects here. For the ancient town, see <a href="/wiki/Hellespontine_Phrygia" title="Hellespontine Phrygia">Hellespontine Phrygia</a>. For the Roman province, see <a href="/wiki/Hellespontus_(province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hellespontus (province)">Hellespontus (province)</a>.</span></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><p>The <b>Dardanelles</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/ɑːr/: 'ar' in 'far'">ɑːr</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">DAR</span>-də-<span style="font-size:90%">NELZ</span></i></a>; <a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: <i lang="tr"><b>Çanakkale Boğazı</b></i>, <small><a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> </small>'Strait of Çanakkale'; <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">Δαρδανέλλια</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Greek" title="Romanization of Greek">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Greek-language romanization"><i lang="el-Latn">Dardanéllia</i></span>), also known as the <b>Strait of Gallipoli</b> (after the <a href="/wiki/Gallipoli" title="Gallipoli">Gallipoli</a> peninsula) and in Classical Antiquity as the <b>Hellespont</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'h' in 'hi'">h</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span><span title="/ɒ/: 'o' in 'body'">ɒ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">HEL</span>-isp-ont</i></a>; <a href="/wiki/Classical_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical Greek language">Classical Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">Ἑλλήσποντος</span>, <small>romanized: </small><span title="Classical Greek-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">Hellḗspontos</i></span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> </small>'Sea of <a href="/wiki/Helle_(mythology)" title="Helle (mythology)">Helle</a>'), is a narrow, natural strait and internationally significant waterway in northwestern <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> that forms part of the continental boundary between <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> and separates Asian Turkey from European Turkey. Together with the <a href="/wiki/Bosporus" title="Bosporus">Bosporus</a>, the Dardanelles forms the <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Straits" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish Straits">Turkish Straits</a>. </p><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="background-color: #cedeff; font-size: 125%;">Dardanelles</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader nickname" style="font-size:100%; border-bottom: 1px solid #cedeff;">Strait of Gallipoli</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader nickname" style="font-size:100%; border-bottom: 1px solid #cedeff;"><span title="Turkish-language text"><i lang="tr">Çanakkale Boğazı</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>)</span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="line-height: 1.2; border-bottom: 1px solid #cedeff;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dardanelles_map2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Dardanelles_map2.png/264px-Dardanelles_map2.png" decoding="async" width="264" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Dardanelles_map2.png/396px-Dardanelles_map2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Dardanelles_map2.png/528px-Dardanelles_map2.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="600"></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Close-up topographic map of the Dardanelles</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="line-height: 1.2; border-bottom: 1px solid #cedeff;"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:256px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:256px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:256px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Turkey_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dardanelles is located in Turkey"><img alt="Dardanelles is located in Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Turkey_relief_location_map.jpg/256px-Turkey_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="256" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Turkey_relief_location_map.jpg/384px-Turkey_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Turkey_relief_location_map.jpg/512px-Turkey_relief_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1579" data-file-height="677"></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:32.857%;left:5.102%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Dardanelles"><img alt="Dardanelles" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Dardanelles</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Turkey</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:256px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:256px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:256px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dardanelles is located in Europe"><img alt="Dardanelles is located in Europe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg/256px-Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="256" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg/384px-Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg/512px-Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1580" data-file-height="1351"></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:83.044%;left:65.053%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Dardanelles"><img alt="Dardanelles" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Dardanelles</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Europe</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span title="Geographical coordinates">Coordinates</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Dardanelles&params=40.2_N_26.4_E_type:waterbody"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">40°12′N</span> <span class="longitude">26°24′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">40.2°N 26.4°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">40.2; 26.4</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Body_of_water#Waterbody_types" title="Body of water">Type</a></th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Strait" title="Strait">Strait</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Part of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Straits" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish Straits">Turkish Straits</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Drainage_basin" title="Drainage basin">Basin</a> countries</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-bottom: #cedeff 1px solid"></th></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Max. length</th><td class="infobox-data">61 km (38 mi)</td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Min. width</th><td class="infobox-data">1.2 km (0.75 mi)</td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Turkish_Strait_disambig.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Turkish_Strait_disambig.svg/250px-Turkish_Strait_disambig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Turkish_Strait_disambig.svg/375px-Turkish_Strait_disambig.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Turkish_Strait_disambig.svg/500px-Turkish_Strait_disambig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="469" data-file-height="388"></a><figcaption>Map showing the location of the Dardanelles (yellow), relative to the <a href="/wiki/Bosporus" title="Bosporus">Bosporus</a> (red), the Sea of Marmara, the Aegean Sea, and the Black Sea.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gallipoli_peninsula_from_space.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Gallipoli_peninsula_from_space.png/250px-Gallipoli_peninsula_from_space.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Gallipoli_peninsula_from_space.png/375px-Gallipoli_peninsula_from_space.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Gallipoli_peninsula_from_space.png/500px-Gallipoli_peninsula_from_space.png 2x" data-file-width="992" data-file-height="653"></a><figcaption>View of the Dardanelles taken from the Landsat 7 satellite in September 2006. The body of water on the left is the Aegean Sea, while the one on the upper right is the Sea of Marmara. The Dardanelles is the tapered waterway running diagonally between the two seas, from the northeast to the southwest. The long, narrow upper peninsula on the northern shores of the strait is Gallipoli (<a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: <i lang="tr">Gelibolu</i>), and constitutes the banks of the continent of Europe, while the lower peninsula is Troad (<a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: <i lang="tr">Biga</i>) and constitutes the banks of the continent of Asia. The city of Çanakkale is visible along the shores of the lower peninsula, centered at the only point where a sharp outcropping juts into the otherwise-linear Dardanelles.</figcaption></figure> <p>One of the world's narrowest straits used for <a href="/wiki/International_waterway" class="mw-redirect" title="International waterway">international navigation</a>, the Dardanelles connects the <a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Marmara" title="Sea of Marmara">Sea of Marmara</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Aegean_Sea" title="Aegean Sea">Aegean</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean</a> seas while also allowing passage to the <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a> by extension via the Bosporus. The Dardanelles is 61 kilometres (38 mi) long and 1.2 to 6 kilometres (0.75 to 3.73 mi) wide. It has an average depth of 55 metres (180 ft) with a maximum depth of 103 metres (338 ft) at its narrowest point abreast the city of <a href="/wiki/%C3%87anakkale" title="Çanakkale">Çanakkale</a>. The first <a href="/wiki/Fixed_crossing" class="mw-redirect" title="Fixed crossing">fixed crossing</a> across the Dardanelles opened in 2022 with the completion of the <a href="/wiki/1915_%C3%87anakkale_Bridge" title="1915 Çanakkale Bridge">1915 Çanakkale Bridge</a>. </p><p>Most of the northern shores of the strait along the Gallipoli peninsula (<a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: <i lang="tr">Gelibolu</i>) are sparsely settled, while the southern shores along the <a href="/wiki/Troad" title="Troad">Troad</a> peninsula (<a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: <i lang="tr">Biga</i>) are inhabited by the city of Çanakkale's urban population of 110,000. </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Names"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Names</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Geography"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Geography</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Present_morphology"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Present morphology</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Ancient_Dardanian,_Persian,_Roman,_and_Byzantine_eras_(pre-1454)"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Ancient Dardanian, Persian, Roman, and Byzantine eras (pre-1454)</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-6"><a href="#Dardanian_and_Persian_history"><span class="tocnumber">3.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Dardanian and Persian history</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-7"><a href="#Byzantine_history"><span class="tocnumber">3.1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Byzantine history</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Ottoman_era_(1354%E2%80%931922)"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Ottoman era (1354–1922)</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-9"><a href="#Nineteenth_century"><span class="tocnumber">3.2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Nineteenth century</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-10"><a href="#World_War_I"><span class="tocnumber">3.2.2</span> <span class="toctext">World War I</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Turkish_republican_and_modern_eras_(1923%E2%80%93present)"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Turkish republican and modern eras (1923–present)</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#Crossings"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Crossings</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Maritime"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Maritime</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Land"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Land</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Subsea"><span class="tocnumber">4.3</span> <span class="toctext">Subsea</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="#Image_gallery"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Image gallery</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Names">Names</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Dardanelles&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Names" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>The contemporary Turkish name <span title="Turkish-language text"><i lang="tr">Çanakkale Boğazı</i></span>, meaning '<span title="Turkish-language text"><span lang="tr" style="font-style: normal;">Çanakkale</span></span> Strait', is derived from the <a href="/wiki/%C3%87anakkale" title="Çanakkale">eponymous midsize city</a> that adjoins the strait, itself meaning 'pottery fort'—from <span lang="ota"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%82#Ottoman_Turkish" class="extiw" title="wikt:چاناق">چاناق</a></span> (<span title="Ottoman Turkish (1500-1928)-language text"><i lang="ota-Latn">çanak</i></span>, 'pottery') + <span lang="ota"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%87#Ottoman_Turkish" class="extiw" title="wikt:قلعه">قلعه</a></span> (<i lang="tr"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/kale#Turkish" class="extiw" title="wikt:kale">kale</a></i>, 'fortress')—in reference to the area's famous pottery and ceramic wares, and the landmark Ottoman fortress of Sultaniye. </p><p>The English name <i>Dardanelles</i> is an abbreviation of <i>Strait of the Dardanelles</i>. During Ottoman times there was a castle on each side of the strait. These castles together were called the <i>Dardanelles</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> probably named after <a href="/wiki/Dardanus_(city)" title="Dardanus (city)">Dardanus</a>, an ancient city on the Asian shore of the strait which in turn was said to take its name from <a href="/wiki/Dardanus_(son_of_Zeus)" title="Dardanus (son of Zeus)">Dardanus</a>, the mythical son of <a href="/wiki/Zeus" title="Zeus">Zeus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Electra_(Pleiad)" title="Electra (Pleiad)">Electra</a>. The name comes from the <a href="/wiki/Dardani" title="Dardani">Dardani</a> in the Balkans, according to Papazoglu.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ancient <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> name <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Ἑλλήσποντος</span></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc">Hellēspontos</i></span>) means "Sea of Helle", and was the ancient name of the narrow strait. It was variously named in classical literature <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Hellespontium Pelagus</i></span>, <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Rectum Hellesponticum</i></span>, and <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Fretum Hellesponticum</i></span>. It was so called from <a href="/wiki/Helle_(mythology)" title="Helle (mythology)">Helle</a>, the daughter of Athamas, who was drowned here in the mythology of the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Fleece" title="Golden Fleece">Golden Fleece</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Dardanelles&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Geography" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>As a <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/maritime" class="extiw" title="wikt:maritime">maritime</a> <a href="/wiki/Waterway" title="Waterway">waterway</a>, the Dardanelles connects various seas along the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Mediterranean" title="Eastern Mediterranean">Eastern Mediterranean</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans">Balkans</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Near_East" title="Near East">Near East</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Western_Eurasia" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Eurasia">Western Eurasia</a>, and specifically connects the <a href="/wiki/Aegean_Sea" title="Aegean Sea">Aegean Sea</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Marmara" title="Sea of Marmara">Sea of Marmara</a>. The Marmara further connects to the <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a> via the <a href="/wiki/Bosporus" title="Bosporus">Bosporus</a>, while the Aegean further links to the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean</a>. Thus, the Dardanelles allows maritime connections from the Black Sea all the way to the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean via Gibraltar, and the Indian Ocean through the <a href="/wiki/Suez_Canal" title="Suez Canal">Suez Canal</a>, making it a crucial international waterway, in particular for the passage of goods coming in from <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>. </p><p>The strait is located at approximately <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Dardanelles&params=40_13_N_26_26_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">40°13′N</span> <span class="longitude">26°26′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">40.217°N 26.433°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">40.217; 26.433</span></span></span></a></span></span>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Present_morphology">Present morphology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Dardanelles&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Present morphology" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>The strait is 61 kilometres (38 mi) long, and 1.2 to 6 kilometres (0.7 to 3.7 mi) wide, averaging 55 metres (180 ft) deep with a maximum depth of 103 metres (338 ft) at its narrowest point at <a href="/wiki/Nara_Burnu" title="Nara Burnu">Nara Burnu</a>, abreast <a href="/wiki/%C3%87anakkale" title="Çanakkale">Çanakkale</a>. There are two major currents through the strait: a <a href="/wiki/Surface_current" class="mw-redirect" title="Surface current">surface current</a> flows from the Black Sea towards the Aegean Sea, and a more saline <a href="/wiki/Subsurface_current" class="mw-redirect" title="Subsurface current">undercurrent</a> flows in the opposite direction.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Dardanelles is unique in many respects. The very narrow and winding shape of the strait is more akin to that of a river. It is considered one of the most hazardous, crowded, difficult and potentially dangerous waterways in the world. The currents produced by the tidal action in the Black Sea and the Sea of Marmara are such that ships under sail must wait at anchorage for the right conditions before entering the Dardanelles. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Dardanelles&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <p>As part of the only passage between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean, the Dardanelles has always been of great importance from a commercial and military point of view, and remains strategically important today. It is a major sea access route for numerous countries, including <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>. Control over it has been an objective of a number of hostilities in modern history, notably the attack of the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_I" title="Allies of World War I">Allied Powers</a> on the Dardanelles during the 1915 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gallipoli" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Gallipoli">Battle of Gallipoli</a> in the course of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancient_Dardanian,_Persian,_Roman,_and_Byzantine_eras_(pre-1454)"><span id="Ancient_Dardanian.2C_Persian.2C_Roman.2C_and_Byzantine_eras_.28pre-1454.29"></span>Ancient Dardanian, Persian, Roman, and Byzantine eras (pre-1454)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Dardanelles&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Ancient Dardanian, Persian, Roman, and Byzantine eras (pre-1454)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Dardanian_and_Persian_history">Dardanian and Persian history</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Dardanelles&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Dardanian and Persian history" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Xerxes_lash_sea.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Xerxes_lash_sea.JPG/170px-Xerxes_lash_sea.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="262" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="440" data-file-height="679"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 262px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Xerxes_lash_sea.JPG/170px-Xerxes_lash_sea.JPG" data-width="170" data-height="262" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Xerxes_lash_sea.JPG/255px-Xerxes_lash_sea.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Xerxes_lash_sea.JPG/340px-Xerxes_lash_sea.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>An artist's illustration depicting <a href="/wiki/Xerxes_I_of_Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Xerxes I of Persia">Xerxes</a>' alleged "punishment" of the Hellespont</figcaption></figure> <p>The ancient city of <a href="/wiki/Troy" title="Troy">Troy</a> was located near the western entrance of the strait, and the strait's Asiatic shore was the focus of the <a href="/wiki/Trojan_War" title="Trojan War">Trojan War</a>. Troy was able to control the marine traffic entering this vital waterway. The <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Persian</a> army of <a href="/wiki/Xerxes_I_of_Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Xerxes I of Persia">Xerxes I of Persia</a> and later the Macedonian army of <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a> crossed the Dardanelles in opposite directions to invade each other's lands, in 480 BC and 334 BC respectively. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Herodotus" title="Herodotus">Herodotus</a> says that, circa 482 BC, Xerxes I (the son of <a href="/wiki/Darius_the_Great" title="Darius the Great">Darius</a>) had two <a href="/wiki/Pontoon_bridge" title="Pontoon bridge">pontoon bridges</a> built across the width of the Hellespont at <a href="/wiki/Abydos,_Hellespont" class="mw-redirect" title="Abydos, Hellespont">Abydos</a>, in order that his huge army could cross from Persia into <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Greece</a>. This crossing was named by <a href="/wiki/Aeschylus" title="Aeschylus">Aeschylus</a> in his tragedy <i><a href="/wiki/The_Persians" title="The Persians">The Persians</a></i> as the cause of divine intervention against Xerxes.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to Herodotus (vv.34), both bridges were destroyed by a storm and <a href="/wiki/Xerxes_I_of_Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Xerxes I of Persia">Xerxes</a> had those responsible for building the bridges beheaded and the strait itself whipped. <a href="/wiki/The_Histories_of_Herodotus" class="mw-redirect" title="The Histories of Herodotus">The Histories of Herodotus</a> vii.33–37 and vii.54–58 give details of building and crossing of <a href="/wiki/Xerxes%27_Pontoon_Bridges" class="mw-redirect" title="Xerxes' Pontoon Bridges">Xerxes' Pontoon Bridges</a>. Xerxes is then said to have thrown <a href="/wiki/Fetters" class="mw-redirect" title="Fetters">fetters</a> into the strait, given it three hundred lashes with multiple whips and branded it with red-hot irons as the soldiers shouted at the water.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Herodotus commented that this was a "highly presumptuous way to address the Hellespont" but in no way atypical of Xerxes. (vii.35) </p><p><a href="/wiki/Harpalus_(engineer)" title="Harpalus (engineer)">Harpalus the engineer</a> is said to have eventually helped the invading armies to cross by lashing the ships together with their bows facing the current and adding two additional anchors to each ship. </p><p>From the perspective of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek mythology">ancient Greek mythology</a> <a href="/wiki/Helle_(mythology)" title="Helle (mythology)">Helle</a>, the daughter of Athamas, supposedly was drowned at the Dardanelles in the legend of the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Fleece" title="Golden Fleece">Golden Fleece</a>. Likewise, the strait was the scene of the legend of <a href="/wiki/Hero_and_Leander" title="Hero and Leander">Hero and Leander</a>, wherein the lovesick Leander swam the strait nightly in order to tryst with his beloved, the priestess Hero, but was ultimately drowned in a storm. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Byzantine_history">Byzantine history</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Dardanelles&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Byzantine history" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>The Dardanelles were vital to the defence of <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine</a> period. </p><p>Also, the Dardanelles was an important source of income for the ruler of the region. At the <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a> Archaeological Museum a marble plate contains a law by the <a href="/wiki/Anastasius_I_(emperor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Anastasius I (emperor)">Byzantine Emperor Anastasius I</a> (491–518 AD), that regulated fees for passage through the customs office of the Dardanelles. Translation: </p> <blockquote><p>... Whoever dares to violate these regulations shall no longer be regarded as a friend, and he shall be punished. Besides, the administrator of the Dardanelles must have the right to receive 50 golden Litrons, so that these rules, which we make out of piety, shall never ever be violated... ... The distinguished governor and major of the capital, who already has both hands full of things to do, has turned to our lofty piety in order to reorganize the entry and exit of all ships through the Dardanelles... ... Starting from our day and also in the future, anybody who wants to pass through the Dardanelles must pay the following: <br> </p><p>– All wine merchants who bring wine to the capital (Constantinopolis), except <a href="/wiki/Cilicia" title="Cilicia">Cilicians</a>, have to pay the Dardanelles officials 6 <a href="/wiki/Follis" title="Follis">follis</a> and 2 <a href="/wiki/Sextarius" class="mw-redirect" title="Sextarius">sextarius</a> of wine. <br> – In the same manner, all merchants of olive-oil, vegetables and lard must pay the Dardanelles officials 6 follis. Cilician sea-merchants have to pay 3 follis and in addition to that, 1 keration (12 follis) to enter, and 2 keration to exit.<br> </p><p> – All wheat merchants have to pay the officials 3 follis per modius, and a further sum of 3 follis when leaving.</p></blockquote> <p>Since the 14th century the Dardanelles have almost continuously been controlled by the Turks. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ottoman_era_(1354–1922)"><span id="Ottoman_era_.281354.E2.80.931922.29"></span>Ottoman era (1354–1922)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Dardanelles&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Ottoman era (1354–1922)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_the_Dardanelles_-_Belon_Pierre_-_1554.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Map_of_the_Dardanelles_-_Belon_Pierre_-_1554.jpg/220px-Map_of_the_Dardanelles_-_Belon_Pierre_-_1554.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="930"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 136px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Map_of_the_Dardanelles_-_Belon_Pierre_-_1554.jpg/220px-Map_of_the_Dardanelles_-_Belon_Pierre_-_1554.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="136" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Map_of_the_Dardanelles_-_Belon_Pierre_-_1554.jpg/330px-Map_of_the_Dardanelles_-_Belon_Pierre_-_1554.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Map_of_the_Dardanelles_-_Belon_Pierre_-_1554.jpg/440px-Map_of_the_Dardanelles_-_Belon_Pierre_-_1554.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>1554 map of the Dardanelles in <a href="/wiki/Observations_(Belon_book)" title="Observations (Belon book)">Belon's Observations</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The Dardanelles continued to constitute an important waterway during the period of the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>, which <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Gallipoli" title="Fall of Gallipoli">conquered Gallipoli</a> in 1354. </p><p>Ottoman control of the strait continued largely without interruption or challenges until the 19th century, when the Empire started <a href="/wiki/Decline_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Decline of the Ottoman Empire">its decline</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Nineteenth_century">Nineteenth century</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Dardanelles&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Nineteenth century" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Gaining control of, or guaranteed access to, the strait became a key foreign-policy goal of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> during the 19th century. During the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a>, Russia—supported by <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">Great Britain</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Dardanelles_Operation" class="mw-redirect" title="Dardanelles Operation">Dardanelles Operation</a>—<a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Dardanelles_(1807)" title="Battle of the Dardanelles (1807)">blockaded the straits</a> in 1807. </p><p>In 1833, following the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>'s defeat in the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1828%E2%80%931829)" title="Russo-Turkish War (1828–1829)">Russo-Turkish War of 1828–1829</a>, Russia pressured the Ottomans to sign the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Hunkiar_Iskelesi" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Hunkiar Iskelesi">Treaty of Hunkiar Iskelesi</a>—which required the closing of the straits to warships of non-Black Sea powers at Russia's request. That would have effectively given Russia a free hand in the Black Sea. </p><p>This treaty alarmed the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>, who were concerned that the consequences of potential Russian expansionism in the Black Sea and Mediterranean regions could conflict with their own possessions and economic interest in the region. At the <a href="/wiki/London_Straits_Convention" title="London Straits Convention">London Straits Convention</a> in July 1841, the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Prussia" title="Prussia">Prussia</a> pressured Russia to agree that only Turkish warships could traverse the Dardanelles in peacetime. The United Kingdom and France subsequently sent their fleets through the straits to defend the Danube front and to attack the <a href="/wiki/Crimean_Peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Crimean Peninsula">Crimean Peninsula</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Crimean_War" title="Crimean War">Crimean War</a> of 1853–1856 – but they did so as allies of the Ottoman Empire. Following the defeat of Russia in the Crimean War, the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Paris" class="mw-redirect" title="Congress of Paris">Congress of Paris</a> in 1856 formally reaffirmed the London Straits Convention. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="World_War_I">World War I</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Dardanelles&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: World War I" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Constantinople" class="mw-redirect" title="Occupation of Constantinople">Occupation of Constantinople</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chanak_Crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="Chanak Crisis">Chanak Crisis</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Gallipoli_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallipoli Campaign">Gallipoli Campaign</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Landing_French-Gallipoli.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Landing_French-Gallipoli.jpg/220px-Landing_French-Gallipoli.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3513" data-file-height="2561"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 160px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Landing_French-Gallipoli.jpg/220px-Landing_French-Gallipoli.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="160" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Landing_French-Gallipoli.jpg/330px-Landing_French-Gallipoli.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Landing_French-Gallipoli.jpg/440px-Landing_French-Gallipoli.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>1915 Landing of French troops in Moudros (Lemnos island) during the <a href="/wiki/Gallipoli_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallipoli Campaign">Gallipoli Campaign</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Landing_at_Gallipoli_(13901951593).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Landing_at_Gallipoli_%2813901951593%29.jpg/220px-Landing_at_Gallipoli_%2813901951593%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="127" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1266" data-file-height="731"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 127px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Landing_at_Gallipoli_%2813901951593%29.jpg/220px-Landing_at_Gallipoli_%2813901951593%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="127" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Landing_at_Gallipoli_%2813901951593%29.jpg/330px-Landing_at_Gallipoli_%2813901951593%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Landing_at_Gallipoli_%2813901951593%29.jpg/440px-Landing_at_Gallipoli_%2813901951593%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Landing at Gallipoli in April 1915</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:View_of_Anzac_Cove_-_Gallipoli_Peninsula_-_Dardanelles_-_Turkey_-_01_(5734713946).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/View_of_Anzac_Cove_-_Gallipoli_Peninsula_-_Dardanelles_-_Turkey_-_01_%285734713946%29.jpg/220px-View_of_Anzac_Cove_-_Gallipoli_Peninsula_-_Dardanelles_-_Turkey_-_01_%285734713946%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/View_of_Anzac_Cove_-_Gallipoli_Peninsula_-_Dardanelles_-_Turkey_-_01_%285734713946%29.jpg/220px-View_of_Anzac_Cove_-_Gallipoli_Peninsula_-_Dardanelles_-_Turkey_-_01_%285734713946%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/View_of_Anzac_Cove_-_Gallipoli_Peninsula_-_Dardanelles_-_Turkey_-_01_%285734713946%29.jpg/330px-View_of_Anzac_Cove_-_Gallipoli_Peninsula_-_Dardanelles_-_Turkey_-_01_%285734713946%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/View_of_Anzac_Cove_-_Gallipoli_Peninsula_-_Dardanelles_-_Turkey_-_01_%285734713946%29.jpg/440px-View_of_Anzac_Cove_-_Gallipoli_Peninsula_-_Dardanelles_-_Turkey_-_01_%285734713946%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Anzac_Cove" class="mw-redirect" title="Anzac Cove">Anzac Cove</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gallipoli_ANZAC_Cove_Sphinx_2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Gallipoli_ANZAC_Cove_Sphinx_2.JPG/220px-Gallipoli_ANZAC_Cove_Sphinx_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1667"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Gallipoli_ANZAC_Cove_Sphinx_2.JPG/220px-Gallipoli_ANZAC_Cove_Sphinx_2.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Gallipoli_ANZAC_Cove_Sphinx_2.JPG/330px-Gallipoli_ANZAC_Cove_Sphinx_2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Gallipoli_ANZAC_Cove_Sphinx_2.JPG/440px-Gallipoli_ANZAC_Cove_Sphinx_2.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>The Sphinx overlooking Anzac Cove</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1915 the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_I" title="Allies of World War I">Allies</a> sent a substantial invasion force of British, Indian, Australian, New Zealand, French and Newfoundland troops to attempt to open up the straits. In the <a href="/wiki/Gallipoli_campaign" title="Gallipoli campaign">Gallipoli campaign</a>, Turkish troops trapped the Allies on the coasts of the Gallipoli peninsula. The campaign damaged the career of <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a>, then <a href="/wiki/First_Lord_of_the_Admiralty" title="First Lord of the Admiralty">First Lord of the Admiralty</a> (in office 1911–1915), who had eagerly promoted the (unsuccessful) use of <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> <a href="/wiki/Sea_power" class="mw-redirect" title="Sea power">sea power</a> to force open the straits. <a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk" title="Mustafa Kemal Atatürk">Mustafa Kemal Atatürk</a>, subsequent founder of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Turkey#Republic_of_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Turkey">Republic of Turkey</a>, served as an Ottoman commander during the land campaign. </p><p>The Turks mined the straits to prevent Allied ships from penetrating them but, in minor actions two submarines, one British and one Australian, did succeed in penetrating the minefields. The British submarine sank an obsolete Turkish <a href="/wiki/Pre-dreadnought_battleship" title="Pre-dreadnought battleship">pre-dreadnought battleship</a> off the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Horn" title="Golden Horn">Golden Horn</a> of Istanbul. <a href="/wiki/Ian_Hamilton_(British_Army_officer)" title="Ian Hamilton (British Army officer)">Sir Ian Hamilton</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Expeditionary_Force" title="Mediterranean Expeditionary Force">Mediterranean Expeditionary Force</a> failed in its attempt to capture the Gallipoli peninsula, and the British cabinet ordered its withdrawal in December 1915, after eight months' fighting. Total Allied deaths included 41,000 British and Irish,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 15,000 French, 8,700 Australians, 2,700 New Zealanders, 1,370 Indians and 49 Newfoundlanders.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Total Turkish deaths were around 60,000. </p><p>Following the war, the 1920 <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_S%C3%A8vres" title="Treaty of Sèvres">Treaty of Sèvres</a> demilitarized the strait and made it an international territory under the control of the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations" title="League of Nations">League of Nations</a>. The Ottoman Empire's non-ethnically Turkish territories were broken up and partitioned among the Allied Powers, and Turkish jurisdiction over the <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Straits" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish Straits">straits</a> curbed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Turkish_republican_and_modern_eras_(1923–present)"><span id="Turkish_republican_and_modern_eras_.281923.E2.80.93present.29"></span>Turkish republican and modern eras (1923–present)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Dardanelles&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Turkish republican and modern eras (1923–present)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>After the dissolution of the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> following a lengthy campaign by Turks as part of the <a href="/wiki/Turkish_War_of_Independence" title="Turkish War of Independence">Turkish War of Independence</a> against both the Allied Powers and the Ottoman court, the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Turkey">Republic of Turkey</a> was created in 1923 by the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Lausanne_(1923)" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Lausanne (1923)">Treaty of Lausanne</a>, which established most of the modern sovereign territory of Turkey and restored the <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Straits" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish Straits">straits</a> to Turkish territory, with the condition that Turkey keep them demilitarized and allow all foreign warships and commercial shipping to traverse the straits freely. </p><p>As part of its national security strategy, Turkey eventually rejected the terms of the treaty, and subsequently remilitarized <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Straits" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish Straits">the straits</a> area over the following decade. Following extensive diplomatic negotiations, the reversion was formalized under the <a href="/wiki/Montreux_Convention_Regarding_the_Regime_of_the_Turkish_Straits" class="mw-redirect" title="Montreux Convention Regarding the Regime of the Turkish Straits">Montreux Convention Regarding the Regime of the Turkish Straits</a> on 20 July 1936. That convention, which is still in force today, treats the straits as an international shipping lane while allowing Turkey to retain the right to restrict the naval traffic of non-Black Sea states. </p><p>During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, through February 1945, when Turkey was neutral for most of the length of the conflict, the Dardanelles were closed to the ships of the belligerent nations. Turkey declared war on Germany in February 1945, but it did not employ any offensive forces during the war. </p><p>In July 1946, the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> sent a note to Turkey proposing a new régime for the Dardanelles that would have excluded all nations except the Black Sea powers. The second proposal was that the straits should be put under joint Turkish-Soviet defence. This meant that Turkey, the Soviet Union, Bulgaria and Romania would be the only states having access to the Black Sea through the Dardanelles. The Turkish government however, under pressure from the United States, rejected these proposals.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Turkey joined <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> in 1952, thus affording its straits even more strategic importance as a commercial and military waterway. </p><p>In more recent years,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (March 2019)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> the <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Straits" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish Straits">Turkish Straits</a> have become particularly important for the oil industry. Russian oil, from ports such as <a href="/wiki/Novorossyisk" class="mw-redirect" title="Novorossyisk">Novorossyisk</a>, is exported by tankers primarily to western Europe and the U.S. via the Bosporus and the Dardanelles straits. </p><p>The Dardanelles were closed in late February 2022 to all foreign warships at the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a> in accordance with the <a href="/wiki/Montreux_Convention" class="mw-redirect" title="Montreux Convention">Montreux Convention</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-navnews-closed-2022_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-navnews-closed-2022-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Crossings">Crossings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Dardanelles&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Crossings" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1915_%C3%87anakkale_Bridge_20220327.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/1915_%C3%87anakkale_Bridge_20220327.jpg/240px-1915_%C3%87anakkale_Bridge_20220327.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="173" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3702" data-file-height="2665"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 240px;height: 173px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/1915_%C3%87anakkale_Bridge_20220327.jpg/240px-1915_%C3%87anakkale_Bridge_20220327.jpg" data-width="240" data-height="173" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/1915_%C3%87anakkale_Bridge_20220327.jpg/360px-1915_%C3%87anakkale_Bridge_20220327.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/1915_%C3%87anakkale_Bridge_20220327.jpg/480px-1915_%C3%87anakkale_Bridge_20220327.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/%C3%87anakkale_1915_Bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Çanakkale 1915 Bridge">Çanakkale 1915 Bridge</a> on the Dardanelles strait, connecting Europe and Asia, is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_longest_suspension_bridge_spans" title="List of longest suspension bridge spans">longest suspension bridge in the world</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-hdn_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hdn-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Maritime">Maritime</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Dardanelles&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Maritime" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>The waters of the Dardanelles are traversed by numerous passenger and vehicular ferries daily, as well as recreational and fishing boats ranging from dinghies to yachts owned by both public and private entities. </p><p>The strait also experiences significant amounts of commercial shipping traffic. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Land">Land</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Dardanelles&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Land" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/%C3%87anakkale_1915_Bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Çanakkale 1915 Bridge">Çanakkale 1915 Bridge</a></div> <p>The Çanakkale 1915 Bridge joins <a href="/wiki/Lapseki" title="Lapseki">Lapseki</a>, a district of Çanakkale, on the Asian side and <a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCtl%C3%BCce,_Gelibolu" title="Sütlüce, Gelibolu">Sütlüce</a>, a village of the <a href="/wiki/Gelibolu" title="Gelibolu">Gelibolu</a> district, on the European side.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is part of planned expansions to the Turkish National Highway Network. Work on the bridge began in March 2017, and it was opened on March 18, 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Subsea">Subsea</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Dardanelles&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Subsea" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>2 <a href="/wiki/Submarine_power_cable" title="Submarine power cable">submarine cable</a> systems transmitting electric power at 400 kV bridge the Dardanelles to feed west and east of Istanbul. They have their own landing stations in Lapseki and Sütlüce. The first, situated in the northeast quarter portion of the strait, was energised in April 2015 and provides 2 <a href="/wiki/Gigawatt" class="mw-redirect" title="Gigawatt">GW</a> via 6 phases 400 kV AC 3.9 km far through the sea. The second, somewhat in the middle of the strait, was still under construction in June 2016 and will provide similar capabilities to the first line. </p><p>Both subsea power lines cross 4 optical fibre data lines laid earlier along the strait.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A published map shows communication lines leading from Istanbul into the Mediterranean, named MedNautilus and landing at <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a> and elsewhere.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Image_gallery">Image gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Dardanelles&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Image gallery" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Byzantine_Dardanelles_Customs_Law.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Marble plate with 6th century AD Byzantine law regulating payment of customs in the Dardanelles"><noscript><img alt="Marble plate with 6th century AD Byzantine law regulating payment of customs in the Dardanelles" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Byzantine_Dardanelles_Customs_Law.JPG/120px-Byzantine_Dardanelles_Customs_Law.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="118" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2633" data-file-height="2583"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 118px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Byzantine_Dardanelles_Customs_Law.JPG/120px-Byzantine_Dardanelles_Customs_Law.JPG" data-alt="Marble plate with 6th century AD Byzantine law regulating payment of customs in the Dardanelles" data-width="120" data-height="118" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Byzantine_Dardanelles_Customs_Law.JPG/180px-Byzantine_Dardanelles_Customs_Law.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Byzantine_Dardanelles_Customs_Law.JPG/240px-Byzantine_Dardanelles_Customs_Law.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Marble plate with 6th century AD <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine</a> law regulating payment of customs in the Dardanelles</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dardanelles_and_Gulf_of_Saros_by_Piri_Reis.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Historic map of the Dardanelles by Piri Reis"><noscript><img alt="Historic map of the Dardanelles by Piri Reis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Dardanelles_and_Gulf_of_Saros_by_Piri_Reis.jpg/87px-Dardanelles_and_Gulf_of_Saros_by_Piri_Reis.jpg" decoding="async" width="87" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="826"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 87px;height: 120px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Dardanelles_and_Gulf_of_Saros_by_Piri_Reis.jpg/87px-Dardanelles_and_Gulf_of_Saros_by_Piri_Reis.jpg" data-alt="Historic map of the Dardanelles by Piri Reis" data-width="87" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Dardanelles_and_Gulf_of_Saros_by_Piri_Reis.jpg/131px-Dardanelles_and_Gulf_of_Saros_by_Piri_Reis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Dardanelles_and_Gulf_of_Saros_by_Piri_Reis.jpg/174px-Dardanelles_and_Gulf_of_Saros_by_Piri_Reis.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Historic map of the Dardanelles by <a href="/wiki/Piri_Reis" title="Piri Reis">Piri Reis</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Anzac_Beach_1915.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The ANZACs at Gallipoli in 1915"><noscript><img alt="The ANZACs at Gallipoli in 1915" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Anzac_Beach_1915.jpg/120px-Anzac_Beach_1915.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="85" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="722"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 85px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Anzac_Beach_1915.jpg/120px-Anzac_Beach_1915.jpg" data-alt="The ANZACs at Gallipoli in 1915" data-width="120" data-height="85" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Anzac_Beach_1915.jpg/180px-Anzac_Beach_1915.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Anzac_Beach_1915.jpg/240px-Anzac_Beach_1915.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/ANZAC" class="mw-redirect" title="ANZAC">ANZACs</a> at <a href="/wiki/Gallipoli" title="Gallipoli">Gallipoli</a> in 1915</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Graphic_map_of_the_Dardanelles.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of the Dardanelles drawn by G. F. Morrell, 1915, showing the Gallipoli peninsula and the west coast of Turkey, as well as the location of front line troops and landings during the Gallipoli Campaign"><noscript><img alt="Map of the Dardanelles drawn by G. F. Morrell, 1915, showing the Gallipoli peninsula and the west coast of Turkey, as well as the location of front line troops and landings during the Gallipoli Campaign" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Graphic_map_of_the_Dardanelles.JPG/120px-Graphic_map_of_the_Dardanelles.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="83" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3600" data-file-height="2494"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 83px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Graphic_map_of_the_Dardanelles.JPG/120px-Graphic_map_of_the_Dardanelles.JPG" data-alt="Map of the Dardanelles drawn by G. F. Morrell, 1915, showing the Gallipoli peninsula and the west coast of Turkey, as well as the location of front line troops and landings during the Gallipoli Campaign" data-width="120" data-height="83" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Graphic_map_of_the_Dardanelles.JPG/180px-Graphic_map_of_the_Dardanelles.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Graphic_map_of_the_Dardanelles.JPG/240px-Graphic_map_of_the_Dardanelles.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Map of the Dardanelles drawn by G. F. Morrell, 1915, showing the <a href="/wiki/Gallipoli" title="Gallipoli">Gallipoli</a> peninsula and the west coast of Turkey, as well as the location of front line troops and landings during the <a href="/wiki/Gallipoli_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallipoli Campaign">Gallipoli Campaign</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dardanellen_1.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="A view of the Dardanelles from Gallipoli peninsula"><noscript><img alt="A view of the Dardanelles from Gallipoli peninsula" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Dardanellen_1.JPG/120px-Dardanellen_1.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2300" data-file-height="1534"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 80px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Dardanellen_1.JPG/120px-Dardanellen_1.JPG" data-alt="A view of the Dardanelles from Gallipoli peninsula" data-width="120" data-height="80" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Dardanellen_1.JPG/180px-Dardanellen_1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Dardanellen_1.JPG/240px-Dardanellen_1.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A view of the Dardanelles from <a href="/wiki/Gallipoli" title="Gallipoli">Gallipoli</a> peninsula</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chanakkale_Turkey.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A view of Çanakkale from the Dardanelles"><noscript><img alt="A view of Çanakkale from the Dardanelles" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Chanakkale_Turkey.jpg/120px-Chanakkale_Turkey.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 90px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Chanakkale_Turkey.jpg/120px-Chanakkale_Turkey.jpg" data-alt="A view of Çanakkale from the Dardanelles" data-width="120" data-height="90" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Chanakkale_Turkey.jpg/180px-Chanakkale_Turkey.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Chanakkale_Turkey.jpg/240px-Chanakkale_Turkey.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A view of <a href="/wiki/%C3%87anakkale" title="Çanakkale">Çanakkale</a> from the Dardanelles</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ChanakkaleFerry.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ferry line across the Dardanelles in Çanakkale"><noscript><img alt="Ferry line across the Dardanelles in Çanakkale" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/ChanakkaleFerry.jpg/120px-ChanakkaleFerry.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="87" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="582"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 87px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/ChanakkaleFerry.jpg/120px-ChanakkaleFerry.jpg" data-alt="Ferry line across the Dardanelles in Çanakkale" data-width="120" data-height="87" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/ChanakkaleFerry.jpg/180px-ChanakkaleFerry.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/ChanakkaleFerry.jpg/240px-ChanakkaleFerry.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Ferry" title="Ferry">Ferry</a> line across the Dardanelles in <a href="/wiki/%C3%87anakkale" title="Çanakkale">Çanakkale</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Havadan_cnk.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Aerial view of the city of Çanakkale"><noscript><img alt="Aerial view of the city of Çanakkale" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Havadan_cnk.jpg/120px-Havadan_cnk.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="602"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 80px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Havadan_cnk.jpg/120px-Havadan_cnk.jpg" data-alt="Aerial view of the city of Çanakkale" data-width="120" data-height="80" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Havadan_cnk.jpg/180px-Havadan_cnk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Havadan_cnk.jpg/240px-Havadan_cnk.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Aerial view of the city of <a href="/wiki/%C3%87anakkale" title="Çanakkale">Çanakkale</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dardanelles_2021.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dardanelles in 2021"><noscript><img alt="Dardanelles in 2021" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Dardanelles_2021.jpg/120px-Dardanelles_2021.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 90px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Dardanelles_2021.jpg/120px-Dardanelles_2021.jpg" data-alt="Dardanelles in 2021" data-width="120" data-height="90" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Dardanelles_2021.jpg/180px-Dardanelles_2021.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Dardanelles_2021.jpg/240px-Dardanelles_2021.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Dardanelles in 2021</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Narrowest_section_of_the_Strait_of_%C3%87anakkale.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The narrowest section of the Dardanelles"><noscript><img alt="The narrowest section of the Dardanelles" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Narrowest_section_of_the_Strait_of_%C3%87anakkale.jpg/97px-Narrowest_section_of_the_Strait_of_%C3%87anakkale.jpg" decoding="async" width="97" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="891"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 97px;height: 120px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Narrowest_section_of_the_Strait_of_%C3%87anakkale.jpg/97px-Narrowest_section_of_the_Strait_of_%C3%87anakkale.jpg" data-alt="The narrowest section of the Dardanelles" data-width="97" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Narrowest_section_of_the_Strait_of_%C3%87anakkale.jpg/145px-Narrowest_section_of_the_Strait_of_%C3%87anakkale.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Narrowest_section_of_the_Strait_of_%C3%87anakkale.jpg/194px-Narrowest_section_of_the_Strait_of_%C3%87anakkale.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The narrowest section of the Dardanelles</div> </li> </ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Dardanelles&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_26_June_1656" class="mw-redirect" title="Action of 26 June 1656">Action of 26 June 1656</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Dardanelles_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of the Dardanelles (disambiguation)">Battle of the Dardanelles (disambiguation)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dardanelles_Commission" title="Dardanelles Commission">Dardanelles Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_maritime_incidents_in_the_Turkish_Straits" title="List of maritime incidents in the Turkish Straits">List of maritime incidents in the Turkish Straits</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Dardanelles&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHoogstratenNidekSchuer1727" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Hoogstraten, David van; Nidek, Matthaeus Brouërius van; Schuer, Jan Lodewyk (1727). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gM-Ioe4CVgYC&pg=PA25">"Dardanellen"</a>. <i>Groot algemeen historisch, geografisch, genealogisch, en oordeelkundig woordenboek</i> (in Dutch). Vol. 4: D en E. Amsterdam/Utrecht/The Hague. p. 25. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1193061215">1193061215</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171024131728/https://books.google.nl/books?id=gM-Ioe4CVgYC&pg=PA25&lpg=PA25&dq=roumeli+iski-issar&source=bl&ots=hmSzTovLCV&sig=xxcHuj-Bjp4xaKd0NjcNi1W6I_4&hl=nl&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjroKyBovfTAhXsCsAKHVOqCPEQ6AEIPDAH">Archived</a> from the original on 24 October 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Dardanellen&rft.btitle=Groot+algemeen+historisch%2C+geografisch%2C+genealogisch%2C+en+oordeelkundig+woordenboek&rft.place=Amsterdam%2FUtrecht%2FThe+Hague&rft.pages=25&rft.date=1727&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1193061215&rft.aulast=Hoogstraten&rft.aufirst=David+van&rft.au=Nidek%2C+Matthaeus+Brou%C3%ABrius+van&rft.au=Schuer%2C+Jan+Lodewyk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgM-Ioe4CVgYC%26pg%3DPA25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADardanelles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrabb1833" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_Crabb_(writer)" title="George Crabb (writer)">Crabb, George</a> (1833). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/universalhistori10crab/page/n519/mode/2up">"Dardanelles"</a>. <i>Universal Historical Dictionary</i>. Vol. 1. London. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1158045075">1158045075</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Dardanelles&rft.btitle=Universal+Historical+Dictionary&rft.place=London&rft.date=1833&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1158045075&rft.aulast=Crabb&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Funiversalhistori10crab%2Fpage%2Fn519%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADardanelles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Papazoglu, F. (1978). The Central Balkan Tribes in Pre-Roman Times: Triballi, Autariatae, Dardanians, Scordisci and Moesians. Niederlande: Hakkert, p. 132</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 12px;height: 13px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="12" data-height="13" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> </span>One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Hellespont" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Hellespont">Hellespont</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 13 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 246.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Hellespont&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=246&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADardanelles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRozakisStagos1987" class="citation book cs1">Rozakis, Christos L.; Stagos, Petros N. (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yJc7HWhF-K8C"><i>The Turkish Straits</i></a>. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 1. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-247-3464-9" title="Special:BookSources/90-247-3464-9"><bdi>90-247-3464-9</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Turkish+Straits&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=Martinus+Nijhoff+Publishers&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=90-247-3464-9&rft.aulast=Rozakis&rft.aufirst=Christos+L.&rft.au=Stagos%2C+Petros+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyJc7HWhF-K8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADardanelles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAeschylus" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Aeschylus" title="Aeschylus">Aeschylus</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://classics.mit.edu/Aeschylus/persians.html">"The Persians"</a>. Translated by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Potter_(translator)" title="Robert Potter (translator)">Potter, Robert</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20031119043049/http://classics.mit.edu/Aeschylus/persians.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 November 2003<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 September</span> 2003</span> – via The Internet Classics Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Persians&rft.au=Aeschylus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fclassics.mit.edu%2FAeschylus%2Fpersians.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADardanelles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreen1996" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Green_(historian)" title="Peter Green (historian)">Green, Peter</a> (1996). <i>The Greco-Persian Wars</i>. Berkeley; London: The University of California Press. p. 75. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-520-20573-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-520-20573-1"><bdi>0-520-20573-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Greco-Persian+Wars&rft.place=Berkeley%3B+London&rft.pages=75&rft.pub=The+University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-520-20573-1&rft.aulast=Green&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADardanelles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/key-facts-of-gallipoli-casualties/7kwbwhum1">"Key facts of Gallipoli casualties"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/SBS_World_News" title="SBS World News">SBS World News</a></i>. 17 April 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SBS+World+News&rft.atitle=Key+facts+of+Gallipoli+casualties&rft.date=2014-04-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sbs.com.au%2Fnews%2Farticle%2Fkey-facts-of-gallipoli-casualties%2F7kwbwhum1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADardanelles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nzhistory.govt.nz/media/interactive/gallipoli-casualties-country">"Gallipoli casualties by country"</a>. <i>New Zealand History</i>. New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage. 1 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+Zealand+History&rft.atitle=Gallipoli+casualties+by+country&rft.date=2016-03-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnzhistory.govt.nz%2Fmedia%2Finteractive%2Fgallipoli-casualties-country&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADardanelles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCabell1966" class="citation book cs1">Cabell, Phillips B. H. (1966). <i>The Truman presidency : the history of a triumphant succession</i>. New York: Macmillan. pp. <span class="nowrap">102–</span>103. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1088163662">1088163662</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Truman+presidency+%3A+the+history+of+a+triumphant+succession&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E102-%3C%2Fspan%3E103&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=1966&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1088163662&rft.aulast=Cabell&rft.aufirst=Phillips+B.+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADardanelles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-navnews-closed-2022-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-navnews-closed-2022_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOzberk2022" class="citation web cs1">Ozberk, Tayfun (28 February 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2022/02/turkey-closes-the-dardanelles-and-bosphorus-to-warships/">"Turkey closes the Dardanelles and Bosphorus to warships"</a>. <i>Naval News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Naval+News&rft.atitle=Turkey+closes+the+Dardanelles+and+Bosphorus+to+warships&rft.date=2022-02-28&rft.aulast=Ozberk&rft.aufirst=Tayfun&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.navalnews.com%2Fnaval-news%2F2022%2F02%2Fturkey-closes-the-dardanelles-and-bosphorus-to-warships%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADardanelles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hdn-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hdn_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/groundbreaking-ceremony-for-bridge-over-dardanelles-to-take-place-on-march-18.aspx?pageID=238&nID=110948&NewsCatID=345">"Groundbreaking ceremony for bridge over Dardanelles to take place on March 18"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/H%C3%BCrriyet_Daily_News" title="Hürriyet Daily News">Hürriyet Daily News</a></i>. 17 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=H%C3%BCrriyet+Daily+News&rft.atitle=Groundbreaking+ceremony+for+bridge+over+Dardanelles+to+take+place+on+March+18&rft.date=2017-03-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hurriyetdailynews.com%2Fgroundbreaking-ceremony-for-bridge-over-dardanelles-to-take-place-on-march-18.aspx%3FpageID%3D238%26nID%3D110948%26NewsCatID%3D345&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADardanelles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.1915canakkale.com/en-us/corporate/project-information">"Project Information"</a>. 1915 Çanakkale Bridge<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Project+Information&rft.pub=1915+%C3%87anakkale+Bridge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.1915canakkale.com%2Fen-us%2Fcorporate%2Fproject-information&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADardanelles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/turkey-worlds-biggest-bridge/index.html">"Turkey opens record-breaking bridge between Europe and Asia"</a>. <i>CNN</i>. 18 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Turkey+opens+record-breaking+bridge+between+Europe+and+Asia&rft.date=2022-03-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2Ftravel%2Farticle%2Fturkey-worlds-biggest-bridge%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADardanelles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYüce2016" class="citation conference cs1">Yüce, Gülnazi (7–8 June 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180409043054/http://hro-cigre.hr/downloads/SEERC_CD/papers/topic_2/2-03_presentation.pdf"><i>Submarine Cable Projects (2-03)</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. First South East European Regional CIGRÉ Conference. Portorož, Slovenia. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hro-cigre.hr/downloads/SEERC_CD/papers/topic_2/2-03_presentation.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 9 April 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=Submarine+Cable+Projects+%282-03%29&rft.place=Portoro%C5%BE%2C+Slovenia&rft.date=2016-06-07%2F2016-06-08&rft.aulast=Y%C3%BCce&rft.aufirst=G%C3%BClnazi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhro-cigre.hr%2Fdownloads%2FSEERC_CD%2Fpapers%2Ftopic_2%2F2-03_presentation.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADardanelles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://submarine-cable-map-2017.telegeography.com">"Submarine Cable Map 2017"</a>. <i>TeleGeography</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170928152213/http://submarine-cable-map-2017.telegeography.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 September 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TeleGeography&rft.atitle=Submarine+Cable+Map+2017&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsubmarine-cable-map-2017.telegeography.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADardanelles" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Dardanelles&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 30px;height: 40px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="30" data-height="40" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Dardanelles" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Dardanelles">Dardanelles</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pbase.com/dosseman/canakkale_turkey">Pictures of the city of Çanakkale</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fsmitha.com/h1/map13ga.html">Map of Hellespont</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.livius.org/he-hg/hellespont/hellespont.html">Livius.org: Hellespont</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130901205228/http://www.livius.org/he-hg/hellespont/hellespont.html">Archived</a> 1 September 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110726082914/http://www.gallipoli.com.tr/if_stones_could_speak/18th_march_etching.htm">Monuments and memorials of the Gallipoli campaign along the Dardanelles</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://merhav.nli.org.il/primo-explore/search?query=any,contains,dardanelles%20maps&tab=default_tab&search_scope=Local&sortby=lso01&vid=NLI&mfacet=rtype,include,maps,1&mfacet=tlevel,include,online_resources,2&lang=en_US">Old Maps of the Dardanelles</a>, Eran Laor Cartographic collection, The <a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Israel" title="National Library of Israel">National Library of Israel</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=mobile&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dardanelles&oldid=1267447910">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dardanelles&oldid=1267447910</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Dardanelles&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="Skipfortyfour" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1736049896"> <span>Last edited on 5 January 2025, at 04:04</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dardanelle" title="Dardanelle – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Dardanelle" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellaspontus" title="Ellaspontus – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Ellaspontus" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%84" title="الدردنيل – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الدردنيل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dardanelos" title="Dardanelos – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Dardanelos" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dardanelos" title="Dardanelos – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Dardanelos" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dardanel" title="Dardanel – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Dardanel" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF" title="দার্দানেলেস প্রণালি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="দার্দানেলেস প্রণালি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D2%93%D0%B0%D2%99%D1%8B" title="Дарданелл боғаҙы – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Дарданелл боғаҙы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Дарданэлы – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Дарданэлы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Дарданэлы – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Дарданэлы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Дарданели – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Дарданели" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%8F%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%8F%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%9A%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%82" title="ཏ་ཏ་ནེར་མཚོ་འགག – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཏ་ཏ་ནེར་མཚོ་འགག" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dardaneli" title="Dardaneli – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Dardaneli" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dardanello%C3%B9" title="Dardanelloù – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Dardanelloù" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B9" title="Дарданеллын хоолой – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Дарданеллын хоолой" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dardanels" title="Dardanels – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Dardanels" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dardanelles_(estretso_sa_Turkeya,_lat_40,21,_long_26,46)" title="Dardanelles (estretso sa Turkeya, lat 40,21, long 26,46) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Dardanelles (estretso sa Turkeya, lat 40,21, long 26,46)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dardanely" title="Dardanely – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Dardanely" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strittonu_di_i_Dardaneddi" title="Strittonu di i Dardaneddi – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Strittonu di i Dardaneddi" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dardanelles" title="Dardanelles – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Dardanelles" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dardanellerne" title="Dardanellerne – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Dardanellerne" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dardanellen" title="Dardanellen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Dardanellen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dardanellid" title="Dardanellid – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Dardanellid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%AE%CF%83%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Ελλήσποντος – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ελλήσποντος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dardanelos" title="Dardanelos – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Dardanelos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dardaneloj" title="Dardaneloj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Dardaneloj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dardaneloak" title="Dardaneloak – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Dardaneloak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%84" title="داردانل – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="داردانل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dardanelles" title="Dardanelles – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Dardanelles" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dardanellen" title="Dardanellen – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Dardanellen" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Dardain%C3%A9il" title="An Dardainéil – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Dardainéil" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Na_D%C3%A0rdainealan" title="Na Dàrdainealan – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Na Dàrdainealan" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dardanelos" title="Dardanelos – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Dardanelos" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8B%A4%EB%A5%B4%EB%8B%A4%EB%84%AC%EC%8A%A4_%ED%95%B4%ED%98%91" title="다르다넬스 해협 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="다르다넬스 해협" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B4%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%AB_%D5%B6%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%81" title="Դարդանելի նեղուց – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Դարդանելի նեղուց" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BF" title="दार्दानेल्ज़ जलसन्धि – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="दार्दानेल्ज़ जलसन्धि" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dardaneli" title="Dardaneli – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Dardaneli" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selat_Dardanella" title="Selat Dardanella – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Selat Dardanella" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%82%C3%A6" title="Дарданеллтæ – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Дарданеллтæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dardanellasund" title="Dardanellasund – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Dardanellasund" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dardanelli" title="Dardanelli – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Dardanelli" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%A0%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D" title="דרדנלים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דרדנלים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dardanelles" title="Dardanelles – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Dardanelles" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8C" title="ಡಾರ್ಡ್ನೆಲ್ಸ್‌ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಡಾರ್ಡ್ನೆಲ್ಸ್‌" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94" title="დარდანელის სრუტე – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="დარდანელის სრუტე" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB_%D0%B1%D2%B1%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%8B" title="Дарданелл бұғазы – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Дарданелл бұғазы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dardaneli" title="Dardaneli – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Dardaneli" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tengava_%C3%87anakkaley%C3%AA" title="Tengava Çanakkaleyê – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Tengava Çanakkaleyê" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB" title="Дарданелл – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Дарданелл" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellespontus" title="Hellespontus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Hellespontus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dardane%C4%BCi" title="Dardaneļi – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Dardaneļi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dardanellen" title="Dardanellen – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Dardanellen" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dardanelai" title="Dardanelai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Dardanelai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streit_dei_Dardanei" title="Streit dei Dardanei – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Streit dei Dardanei" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dardanell%C3%A1k" title="Dardanellák – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Dardanellák" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Дарданели – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Дарданели" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%86%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="ഡാർഡനെൽസ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഡാർഡനെൽസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9D" title="डार्डेनेल्झ – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="डार्डेनेल्झ" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%84" title="الدردنيل – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الدردنيل" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dardanelles" title="Dardanelles – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Dardanelles" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dardanellen" title="Dardanellen – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Dardanellen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="दार्दानेल्स – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="दार्दानेल्स" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%80%E3%83%BC%E3%83%80%E3%83%8D%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B9%E6%B5%B7%E5%B3%A1" title="ダーダネルス海峡 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ダーダネルス海峡" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%B5" title="Дарданеллан хидоькъе – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Дарданеллан хидоькъе" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dardanellen" title="Dardanellen – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Dardanellen" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dardanellene" title="Dardanellene – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Dardanellene" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dardanellane" title="Dardanellane – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Dardanellane" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dardan%C3%A8ls" title="Dardanèls – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Dardanèls" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dardanell_bo%CA%BBg%CA%BBozi" title="Dardanell boʻgʻozi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Dardanell boʻgʻozi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%92_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84" title="آبنائے در دانیال – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="آبنائے در دانیال" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dardanele" title="Dardanele – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Dardanele" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dardanelos" title="Dardanelos – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Dardanelos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dardanele" title="Dardanele – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Dardanele" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Дарданелы – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Дарданелы" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Дарданеллы – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Дарданеллы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dardanelles" title="Dardanelles – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Dardanelles" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dardanelet" title="Dardanelet – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Dardanelet" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strittu_d%C3%AE_Dardanelli" title="Strittu dî Dardanelli – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Strittu dî Dardanelli" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dardanelles" title="Dardanelles – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Dardanelles" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dardanely" title="Dardanely – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Dardanely" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dardanele" title="Dardanele – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Dardanele" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dardaniil" title="Dardaniil – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Dardaniil" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8E%D9%84" title="داردانێل – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="داردانێل" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Дарданели – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Дарданели" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dardaneli" title="Dardaneli – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Dardaneli" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dardanellit" title="Dardanellit – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Dardanellit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dardanellerna" title="Dardanellerna – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Dardanellerna" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%88" title="தார்தனெல்சு நீரிணை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தார்தனெல்சு நீரிணை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Дарданеллар – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Дарданеллар" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C" title="ดาร์ดะเนลส์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ดาร์ดะเนลส์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87anakkale_Bo%C4%9Faz%C4%B1" title="Çanakkale Boğazı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Çanakkale Boğazı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Дарданелли – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Дарданелли" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84" title="در دانیال – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="در دانیال" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dardanellia" title="Dardanellia – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Dardanellia" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dardanelln" title="Dardanelln – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Dardanelln" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dardanelles" title="Dardanelles – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Dardanelles" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BE%BE%E8%BE%BE%E5%B0%BC%E5%B0%94%E6%B5%B7%E5%B3%A1" title="达达尼尔海峡 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="达达尼尔海峡" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%9F" title="דארדאנעלן – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="דארדאנעלן" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%81%94%E9%81%94%E5%B0%BC%E7%88%BE%E6%B5%B7%E5%B3%BD" title="達達尼爾海峽 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="達達尼爾海峽" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%81%94%E9%81%94%E5%B0%BC%E7%88%BE%E6%B5%B7%E5%B3%BD" title="達達尼爾海峽 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="達達尼爾海峽" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 5 January 2025, at 04:04<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-terms-use"><a href="https://foundation.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Terms of Use</a></li> <li id="footer-places-desktop-toggle"><a id="mw-mf-display-toggle" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dardanelles&mobileaction=toggle_view_desktop" data-event-name="switch_to_desktop">Desktop</a></li> </ul> </div> </footer> </div> </div> <div class="mw-notification-area" data-mw="interface"></div>  <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-b766959bd-ghnnz","wgBackendResponseTime":221,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.204","walltime":"1.626","ppvisitednodes":{"value":4031,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":242782,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":6861,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":13,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":16,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":104460,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1349.230 1 -total"," 26.27% 354.448 1 Template:Infobox_body_of_water"," 24.71% 333.420 1 Template:Infobox"," 21.31% 287.488 1 Template:Reflist"," 10.00% 134.871 1 Template:Authority_control"," 9.14% 123.282 1 Template:Ancient_Greece_topics"," 9.12% 122.986 1 Template:Native_name_checker"," 8.77% 118.351 1 Template:Navbox_with_collapsible_groups"," 8.28% 111.748 2 Template:Cite_encyclopedia"," 5.77% 77.898 1 Template:Short_description"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.742","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":18209525,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-5b65fffc7d-krfj9","timestamp":"20250217022214","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Dardanelles","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dardanelles","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q6514","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q6514","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-04-30T16:29:52Z","dateModified":"2025-01-05T04:04:56Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/a\/a5\/Dardanelles_map2.png","headline":"strait in northwestern Turkey"}</script><script>(window.NORLQ=window.NORLQ||[]).push(function(){var ns,i,p,img;ns=document.getElementsByTagName('noscript');for(i=0;i<ns.length;i++){p=ns[i].nextSibling;if(p&&p.className&&p.className.indexOf('lazy-image-placeholder')>-1){img=document.createElement('img');img.setAttribute('src',p.getAttribute('data-src'));img.setAttribute('width',p.getAttribute('data-width'));img.setAttribute('height',p.getAttribute('data-height'));img.setAttribute('alt',p.getAttribute('data-alt'));p.parentNode.replaceChild(img,p);}}});</script> </body> </html>