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id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Roy Wilkins</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="it" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Roy_Wilkins_at_the_White_House,_30_April,_1968.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Roy_Wilkins_at_the_White_House%2C_30_April%2C_1968.jpg/220px-Roy_Wilkins_at_the_White_House%2C_30_April%2C_1968.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Roy_Wilkins_at_the_White_House%2C_30_April%2C_1968.jpg/330px-Roy_Wilkins_at_the_White_House%2C_30_April%2C_1968.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Roy_Wilkins_at_the_White_House%2C_30_April%2C_1968.jpg/440px-Roy_Wilkins_at_the_White_House%2C_30_April%2C_1968.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2461" data-file-height="2279" /></a><figcaption>Roy Ottoway Wilkins</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Roy Ottoway Wilkins</b> (<a href="/wiki/Saint_Louis" title="Saint Louis">Saint Louis</a>, <a href="/wiki/30_agosto" title="30 agosto">30 agosto</a> <a href="/wiki/1901" title="1901">1901</a> – <a href="/wiki/New_York" title="New York">New York</a>, <a href="/wiki/8_settembre" title="8 settembre">8 settembre</a> <a href="/wiki/1981" title="1981">1981</a>) è stato un <a href="/wiki/Attivismo" title="Attivismo">attivista</a> <a href="/wiki/Stati_Uniti_d%27America" title="Stati Uniti d'America">statunitense</a> per i diritti civili degli afroamericani. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LUTHER_KING.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/LUTHER_KING.jpg/220px-LUTHER_KING.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/LUTHER_KING.jpg/330px-LUTHER_KING.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/LUTHER_KING.jpg/440px-LUTHER_KING.jpg 2x" data-file-width="599" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>M. L. King e altri attivisti durante la marcia Selma-Montgomery (1965)</figcaption></figure> <p>Viene ricordato in particolare per il suo ruolo di segretario (1955-1963) e poi di direttore esecutivo (1964-1977) della <a href="/wiki/National_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Colored_People" title="National Association for the Advancement of Colored People">National Association for the Advancement of Colored People</a> - NAACP (Associazione nazionale per la promozione delle persone di colore). Fu uno dei sei leader, tra i quali <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King" title="Martin Luther King">Martin Luther King</a>, che parteciparono alla <a href="/wiki/Marcia_su_Washington_per_il_lavoro_e_la_libert%C3%A0" title="Marcia su Washington per il lavoro e la libertà">Marcia su Washington per il lavoro e la libertà</a> (28 agosto 1963); questi furono denominati <a href="/wiki/Big_Six" title="Big Six">Big Six</a> da <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_X" title="Malcolm X">Malcolm X</a> durante un intervento, tenuto a Detroit il 10 novembre 1963, molto critico rispetto alle loro posizioni nonviolente. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Le_origini_e_l'inizio_dell'impegno_per_i_diritti_civili"><span id="Le_origini_e_l.27inizio_dell.27impegno_per_i_diritti_civili"></span>Le origini e l'inizio dell'impegno per i diritti civili</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roy_Wilkins&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Le origini e l'inizio dell'impegno per i diritti civili" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roy_Wilkins&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Le origini e l'inizio dell'impegno per i diritti civili"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Roy Wilkins, nato a St. Louis nel <a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a>, rimase orfano di entrambi i genitori molto piccolo e visse la sua infanzia presso degli zii a Saint Paul, nel Minnesota. Qui frequentò il liceo e l'università, dove si laureò in Sociologia nel 1923. Nel 1929 sposò l'assistente sociale Aminda "Minnie" Badeau (1905–1994). Fin da giovane fu sensibile ai problemi generati dal razzismo diffuso e violento e dalla discriminazione subita dalla popolazione nera e iniziò a collaborare come giornalista a varie testate afroamericane, fra cui <i>The Call</i>. Nel 1931 si trasferì a New York, dove cominciò ad impegnarsi attivamente nella NAACP, diventando anche direttore della rivista ufficiale dell'Associazione, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Crisis" class="mw-disambig" title="The Crisis">The Crisis</a></i>, nel 1934. Negli anni successivi è significativa la sua attività contro la discriminazione delle persone di colore all'interno dell'esercito americano, specialmente con l'inizio della <a href="/wiki/Seconda_guerra_mondiale" title="Seconda guerra mondiale">Seconda Guerra Mondiale</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="La_lotta_per_i_diritti_civili_negli_anni_'60_e_'70"><span id="La_lotta_per_i_diritti_civili_negli_anni_.2760_e_.2770"></span>La lotta per i diritti civili negli anni '60 e '70</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roy_Wilkins&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione La lotta per i diritti civili negli anni '60 e '70" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roy_Wilkins&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: La lotta per i diritti civili negli anni '60 e '70"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dal dopoguerra fino al suo ritiro dalla NAACP, Wilkins è stato uno dei protagonisti delle lotte per i diritti delle persone di colore negli USA, sia nell'ambito dell'impegno sindacale che attraverso l'attività legislativa, svolta in collaborazione con leader di altre organizzazioni<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Negli anni Sessanta partecipò alle principali marce nonviolente contro il razzismo e per i <a href="/wiki/Diritti_civili" title="Diritti civili">diritti civili</a> e politici, fra cui quella di Washington (1963) e quelle da <a href="/wiki/Marce_da_Selma_a_Montgomery" title="Marce da Selma a Montgomery">Selma</a> a Montgomery in Alabama (1965). Wilkins si distinse sempre per le sue posizioni riformiste e moderate, contrarie agli orientamenti politici e culturali del <a href="/wiki/Black_Power" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Power">Black Power</a>, e fu fautore dei principi di integrazione razziale collaborando con le istituzioni, con il Congresso e con i Presidenti che governarono gli Stati Uniti in quegli anni. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roy_Wilkins&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roy_Wilkins&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><i> NACCP history: Roy Wilkins</i>, in <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://naacp.org/naacp-history-roy-wilkins/">https://naacp.org/naacp-history-roy-wilkins/</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201205151711/https://www.naacp.org/naacp-history-roy-wilkins/">Archiviato</a> il 5 dicembre 2020 in <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roy_Wilkins&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roy_Wilkins&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Roy Wilkins e Tom Mathews, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/standingfastauto00wilk"><span style="font-style:italic;">Standing Fast</span></a>, Viking Press, New York, N.Y., 1982.</cite></li></ul> <ul><li><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Calvin Craig Miller, <span style="font-style:italic;">Roy Wilkins: Leader Of The Naacp</span>, Greensboro, N.C., Morgan Reynolds, 2005.</cite></li></ul> <ul><li><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Yvonne Ryan, <span style="font-style:italic;">Roy Wilkins: The Quiet Revolutionary and the NAACP</span>, Lexington, KY, University Press of Kentucky, 2014.</cite></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roy_Wilkins&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roy_Wilkins&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><span class="plainlinks" title="commons:Category:Roy Wilkins"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Roy_Wilkins?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it" title="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/27px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> contiene immagini o altri file su <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Roy_Wilkins?uselang=it">Roy Wilkins</a></span></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roy_Wilkins&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roy_Wilkins&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBritannica.com" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Roy-Wilkins"><span style="font-style:italic;">Roy Wilkins</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Britannica" title="Enciclopedia Britannica">Enciclopedia Britannica</a></span>, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2738344#P1417" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140554510">.mw-parser-output .CdA{border:1px solid #aaa;width:100%;margin:auto;font-size:90%;padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#f2f2f2;font-weight:bold;width:20%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}</style><table class="CdA"><tbody><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Controllo_di_autorit%C3%A0" title="Aiuto:Controllo di autorità">Controllo di autorità</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; 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font-size:80%"><abbr title="tedesco">DE</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/121007162">121007162</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_nazionale_di_Francia" title="Biblioteca nazionale di Francia">BNF</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="francese">FR</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12674397x">cb12674397x</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12674397x">(data)</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_nazionale_di_Israele" title="Biblioteca nazionale di Israele">J9U</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr>, <abbr title="ebraico">HE</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007270090005171">987007270090005171</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="noprint" style="width:100%; 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