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href="#Applications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Applications </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Applications-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Applications subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Applications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Radioactive_strontium" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Radioactive_strontium"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Radioactive strontium </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Radioactive_strontium-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Biological_role" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biological_role"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Biological role </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Biological_role-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Biological role subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Biological_role-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Effect_on_the_human_body" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Effect_on_the_human_body"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Effect on the human body </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Effect_on_the_human_body-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nuclear_waste" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nuclear_waste"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Nuclear waste </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Nuclear_waste-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Nuclear waste subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Nuclear_waste-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Remediation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Remediation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Remediation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Remediation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Strontium</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 146 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-146" aria-hidden="true" > 146 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stronsium" title="Stronsium – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Stronsium" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%B5%E1%89%B5%E1%88%AE%E1%8A%95%E1%89%B2%E1%8B%A8%E1%88%9D" title="ስትሮንቲየም – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ስትሮንቲየም" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="स्ट्रोंटियम – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="स्ट्रोंटियम" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="سترونتيوم – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سترونتيوم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estroncio" title="Estroncio – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Estroncio" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stron%C8%9Biu" title="Stronțiu – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Stronțiu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Armãneashti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estronciu" title="Estronciu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Estronciu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stronsium" title="Stronsium – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Stronsium" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strontium" title="Strontium – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Strontium" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE" title="স্ট্রনশিয়াম – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="স্ট্রনশিয়াম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strontium" title="Strontium – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Strontium" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Стронций – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Стронций" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%B9" title="Стронцый – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Стронцый" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%86" title="Стронц – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Стронц" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="स्ट्रॉन्सियम – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="स्ट्रॉन्सियम" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estronsiyo" title="Estronsiyo – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Estronsiyo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Стронций – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Стронций" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%B7%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A4%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8D" title="སྷྲོན་ཤམ། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="སྷྲོན་ཤམ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroncij" title="Stroncij – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Stroncij" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strontiom" title="Strontiom – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Strontiom" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estronci" title="Estronci – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Estronci" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Стронций – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Стронций" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estronsyo" title="Estronsyo – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Estronsyo" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroncium" title="Stroncium – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Stroncium" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stronziu" title="Stronziu – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Stronziu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strontiwm" title="Strontiwm – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Strontiwm" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strontium" title="Strontium – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Strontium" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="سطرونتيوم – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="سطرونتيوم" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strontium" title="Strontium – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Strontium" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strontsium" title="Strontsium – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Strontsium" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%84%CF%81%CF%8C%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Στρόντιο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Στρόντιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estroncio" title="Estroncio – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Estroncio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroncio" title="Stroncio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Stroncio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrontzio" title="Estrontzio – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Estrontzio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%85" title="استرانسیم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="استرانسیم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strontium" title="Strontium – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Strontium" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strontium" title="Strontium – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Strontium" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strontium" title="Strontium – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Strontium" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stronzi" title="Stronzi – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Stronzi" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Furlan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strointiam" title="Strointiam – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Strointiam" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroin%C3%A7hum" title="Stroinçhum – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Stroinçhum" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strontium" title="Strontium – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Strontium" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estroncio" title="Estroncio – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Estroncio" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8D%B6" title="鍶 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="鍶" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target">贛語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%9F%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B6%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%AE" title="સ્ટ્રોન્શિયમ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="સ્ટ્રોન્શિયમ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strontium" title="Strontium – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Strontium" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Стронциум – Kalmyk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Стронциум" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmyk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Хальмг</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8%EB%A1%A0%ED%8A%AC" title="스트론튬 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="스트론튬" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%B6%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Ստրոնցիում – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ստրոնցիում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="स्ट्रोन्शियम – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="स्ट्रोन्शियम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroncij" title="Stroncij – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Stroncij" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroncio" title="Stroncio – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Stroncio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stronsium" title="Stronsium – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Stronsium" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strontium" title="Strontium – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Strontium" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Стронций – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Стронций" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISolombi" title="ISolombi – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="ISolombi" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stront%C3%ADn" title="Strontín – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Strontín" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stronzio" title="Stronzio – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Stronzio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D" title="סטרונציום – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סטרונציום" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stronsiyum" title="Stronsiyum – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Stronsiyum" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C9%A9tr%C9%94nt%C9%A9y%C9%94m" title="Sɩtrɔntɩyɔm – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Sɩtrɔntɩyɔm" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D" title="ಸ್ಟ್ರಾನ್ಶಿಯಮ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸ್ಟ್ರಾನ್ಶಿಯಮ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="სტრონციუმი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სტრონციუმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Стронций – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Стронций" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strontiom" title="Strontiom – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Strontiom" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stronti" title="Stronti – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Stronti" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Стронций – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Стронций" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estwonty%C3%B2m" title="Estwontyòm – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Estwontyòm" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stronsiy%C3%BBm" title="Stronsiyûm – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Stronsiyûm" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Стронций – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Стронций" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Стронций – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Стронций" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кырык мары</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strontium" title="Strontium – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Strontium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroncijs" title="Stroncijs – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Stroncijs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strontium" title="Strontium – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Strontium" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroncis" title="Stroncis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Stroncis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stronsio" title="Stronsio – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Stronsio" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strontium" title="Strontium – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Strontium" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroncii" title="Stroncii – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Stroncii" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/jinmrstronti" title="jinmrstronti – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="jinmrstronti" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target">La .lojban.</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stronsio" title="Stronsio – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Stronsio" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroncium" title="Stroncium – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Stroncium" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Стронциум – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Стронциум" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BA%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="സ്ട്രോൺഷിയം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സ്ട്രോൺഷിയം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="स्ट्राँशियम – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="स्ट्राँशियम" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="سترونشيوم – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سترونشيوم" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strontium" title="Strontium – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Strontium" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strontium" title="Strontium – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Strontium" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Стронци – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Стронци" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Мокшень</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Стронци – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Стронци" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%85%E1%80%91%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA" title="စထရွန်တီယမ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="စထရွန်တီယမ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strontium" title="Strontium – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Strontium" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="स्ट्रोन्सियम – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="स्ट्रोन्सियम" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%AD%E3%83%B3%E3%83%81%E3%82%A6%E3%83%A0" title="ストロンチウム – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ストロンチウム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strontsium" title="Strontsium – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Strontsium" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strontium" title="Strontium – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Strontium" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strontium" title="Strontium – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Strontium" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estronci" title="Estronci – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Estronci" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stronsiy" title="Stronsiy – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Stronsiy" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%AE" title="ਸਟਰੌਂਸ਼ਮ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸਟਰੌਂਸ਼ਮ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="स्ट्रोन्सियम – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="स्ट्रोन्सियम" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target">पालि</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%B9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D9%B9%DB%8C%D9%85" title="سٹرونٹیم – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سٹرونٹیم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%BC%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D9%BC%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="سټرونټيوم – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="سټرونټيوم" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stronsi" title="Stronsi – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Stronsi" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strontium" title="Strontium – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Strontium" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stront" title="Stront – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Stront" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estr%C3%B4ncio" title="Estrôncio – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Estrôncio" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stron%C8%9Biu" title="Stronțiu – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Stronțiu" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isrunsiyu" title="Isrunsiyu – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Isrunsiyu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Стронций – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Стронций" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Стронсиум – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Стронсиум" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="स्ट्रोन्सियम – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="स्ट्रोन्सियम" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istr%C3%B2ntziu" title="Istròntziu – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Istròntziu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strontium" title="Strontium – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Strontium" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stronciumi" title="Stronciumi – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Stronciumi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stronziu" title="Stronziu – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Stronziu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strontium" title="Strontium – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Strontium" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroncium" title="Stroncium – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Stroncium" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroncij" title="Stroncij – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Stroncij" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istoroontiyaam" title="Istoroontiyaam – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Istoroontiyaam" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%86%D9%86%D8%B4%DB%8C%DB%86%D9%85" title="سترۆنشیۆم – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سترۆنشیۆم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Стронцијум – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Стронцијум" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroncijum" title="Stroncijum – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Stroncijum" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stronsium" title="Stronsium – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Stronsium" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strontium" title="Strontium – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Strontium" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strontium" title="Strontium – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Strontium" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istronsiyo" title="Istronsiyo – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Istronsiyo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="இசுட்ரோன்சியம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இசுட்ரோன்சியம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Стронций – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Стронций" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="స్ట్రాన్షియం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="స్ట్రాన్షియం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1" title="สตรอนเชียม – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สตรอนเชียม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Стронсий – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Стронсий" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stronsiyum" title="Stronsiyum – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Stronsiyum" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B9" title="Стронцій – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Стронцій" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%B9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D9%B9%DB%8C%D8%A6%D9%85" title="سٹرونٹیئم – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سٹرونٹیئم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%89%D9%8A" title="سترونتسىي – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="سترونتسىي" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Str%C3%B3nsio" title="Strónsio – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Strónsio" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroncii" title="Stroncii – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Stroncii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stronti" title="Stronti – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Stronti" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sitrontiom" title="Sitrontiom – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Sitrontiom" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8D%B6" title="鍶 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="鍶" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estronsyo" title="Estronsyo – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Estronsyo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%94%B6" title="锶 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="锶" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D" title="סטראנטיום – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="סטראנטיום" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strontium" title="Strontium – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Strontium" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8D%B6" title="鍶 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="鍶" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%94%B6" title="锶 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="锶" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a 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Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Strontium_compounds&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Strontium compounds">Strontium compounds</a>)</div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Strontium_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Strontium (disambiguation)">Strontium (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Chemical element with atomic number 38 (Sr)</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1158442001">body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data>.wikitable,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox .periodictable{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data{width:calc(100% - 20px)}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data>div{max-width:100%;overflow:auto}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox caption{display:table-caption}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Strontium, 38Sr</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Strontium_destilled_crystals.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Strontium_destilled_crystals.jpg/220px-Strontium_destilled_crystals.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Strontium_destilled_crystals.jpg/330px-Strontium_destilled_crystals.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Strontium_destilled_crystals.jpg/440px-Strontium_destilled_crystals.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5236" data-file-height="3357" /></a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:inherit; background:#ff9999">Strontium</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pronunciation</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist" style="margin: 0; text-align: left;"><ul><li style="margin: 0; text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈstrɒntiəm/</a> (<a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">STRON-tee-əm</a>)</li><li style="margin: 0; text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈstrɒnʃiəm/</a> (<a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">STRON-shee-əm</a>)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Appearance</th><td class="infobox-data">silvery white metallic; with a pale yellow tint<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align: left; color:inherit; background: transparent;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_atomic_weight" title="Standard atomic weight">Standard atomic weight</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>Ar°(Sr)</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>87.62±0.01<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></li><li>87.62±0.01 (<a href="/wiki/Standard_atomic_weight#Abridged_atomic_weight" title="Standard atomic weight">abridged</a>)<a href="#cite_note-CIAAW2021-3">[3]</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:inherit; background:#ff9999">Strontium in the <a href="/wiki/Periodic_table" title="Periodic table">periodic table</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:100%; margin:0; background:#f8f8f8; color:black;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table class="periodictable" style="margin:0 auto"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:none; width:5px"><div style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit; margin:0; padding:0; text-align:center; border:none;"> <table style="empty-cells:hidden; border:none; padding:0; border-spacing:1px; border-collapse:separate; margin:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen">Hydrogen</a> </td> <td colspan="30" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">Helium</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium">Lithium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Beryllium" title="Beryllium">Beryllium</a> </td> <td colspan="24" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Boron" title="Boron">Boron</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon">Carbon</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">Nitrogen</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">Oxygen</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Fluorine" title="Fluorine">Fluorine</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a 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style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc">Zinc</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Gallium" title="Gallium">Gallium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium">Germanium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Arsenic" title="Arsenic">Arsenic</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Selenium" title="Selenium">Selenium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Bromine" title="Bromine">Bromine</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Krypton" title="Krypton">Krypton</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium">Rubidium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Strontium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;; width:0;"> </td> <td colspan="13" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium">Yttrium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Zirconium" title="Zirconium">Zirconium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium">Niobium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Molybdenum" title="Molybdenum">Molybdenum</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Technetium" title="Technetium">Technetium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium">Ruthenium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Rhodium" title="Rhodium">Rhodium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Palladium" title="Palladium">Palladium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Silver" title="Silver">Silver</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Cadmium" title="Cadmium">Cadmium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Indium" title="Indium">Indium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tin" title="Tin">Tin</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Antimony" title="Antimony">Antimony</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tellurium" title="Tellurium">Tellurium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Iodine" title="Iodine">Iodine</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">Xenon</a> </td></tr> <tr style="border:none;padding:0;"> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Caesium" title="Caesium">Caesium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Barium" title="Barium">Barium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lanthanum" title="Lanthanum">Lanthanum</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Cerium" title="Cerium">Cerium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Praseodymium" title="Praseodymium">Praseodymium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Neodymium" title="Neodymium">Neodymium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Promethium" title="Promethium">Promethium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Samarium" title="Samarium">Samarium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Europium" title="Europium">Europium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium">Gadolinium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Terbium" title="Terbium">Terbium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Dysprosium" title="Dysprosium">Dysprosium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Holmium" title="Holmium">Holmium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium">Erbium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Thulium" title="Thulium">Thulium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Ytterbium" title="Ytterbium">Ytterbium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lutetium" title="Lutetium">Lutetium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium">Hafnium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tantalum" title="Tantalum">Tantalum</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tungsten" title="Tungsten">Tungsten</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Rhenium" title="Rhenium">Rhenium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium">Osmium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Iridium" title="Iridium">Iridium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Platinum" title="Platinum">Platinum</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">Gold</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Mercury_(element)" title="Mercury (element)">Mercury (element)</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Thallium" title="Thallium">Thallium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lead" title="Lead">Lead</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Bismuth" title="Bismuth">Bismuth</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium">Polonium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Astatine" title="Astatine">Astatine</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon">Radon</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Francium" title="Francium">Francium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Radium" title="Radium">Radium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Actinium" title="Actinium">Actinium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Thorium" title="Thorium">Thorium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Protactinium" title="Protactinium">Protactinium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">Uranium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Neptunium" title="Neptunium">Neptunium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium">Plutonium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Americium" title="Americium">Americium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Curium" title="Curium">Curium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Berkelium" title="Berkelium">Berkelium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Californium" title="Californium">Californium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Einsteinium" title="Einsteinium">Einsteinium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium">Fermium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Mendelevium" title="Mendelevium">Mendelevium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Nobelium" title="Nobelium">Nobelium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lawrencium" title="Lawrencium">Lawrencium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Rutherfordium" title="Rutherfordium">Rutherfordium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Dubnium" title="Dubnium">Dubnium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Seaborgium" title="Seaborgium">Seaborgium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Bohrium" title="Bohrium">Bohrium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Hassium" title="Hassium">Hassium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Meitnerium" title="Meitnerium">Meitnerium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Darmstadtium" title="Darmstadtium">Darmstadtium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Roentgenium" title="Roentgenium">Roentgenium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Copernicium" title="Copernicium">Copernicium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Nihonium" title="Nihonium">Nihonium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Flerovium" title="Flerovium">Flerovium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Moscovium" title="Moscovium">Moscovium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium">Livermorium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tennessine" title="Tennessine">Tennessine</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Oganesson" title="Oganesson">Oganesson</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height:100%; width:10px; border:none;"><a href="/wiki/Calcium" title="Calcium">Ca</a> ↑ Sr ↓ <a href="/wiki/Barium" title="Barium">Ba</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="nowrap" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height:100%; padding-top:0; padding-bottom:1px; border:none;"><a href="/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium">rubidium</a> ← strontium → <a href="/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium">yttrium</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Atomic_number" title="Atomic number">Atomic number</a> (Z)</th><td class="infobox-data">38</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Group_(periodic_table)" title="Group (periodic table)">Group</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alkaline_earth_metal" title="Alkaline earth metal">group 2 (alkaline earth metals)</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Period_(periodic_table)" title="Period (periodic table)">Period</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Period_5_element" title="Period 5 element">period 5</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Block_(periodic_table)" title="Block (periodic table)">Block</a></th><td class="infobox-data">  <a href="/wiki/Block_(periodic_table)#s-block" title="Block (periodic table)">s-block</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Electron_configuration" title="Electron configuration">Electron configuration</a></th><td class="infobox-data">[<a href="/wiki/Krypton" title="Krypton">Kr</a>] 5s2</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Electrons per shell</th><td class="infobox-data">2, 8, 18, 8, 2<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:inherit; background:#ff9999">Physical properties</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Phase_(matter)" title="Phase (matter)">Phase</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">at <a href="/wiki/Standard_temperature_and_pressure" title="Standard temperature and pressure">STP</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Solid" title="Solid">solid</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Melting_point" title="Melting point">Melting point</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1050 <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a> (777 °C, 1431 °F) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Boiling_point" title="Boiling point">Boiling point</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1650 K (1377 °C, 2511 °F) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Density" title="Density">Density</a> (at 20° C)</th><td class="infobox-data">2.582 g/cm3<a href="#cite_note-Arblaster_2018-5">[5]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">when liquid (at <a href="/wiki/Melting_point" title="Melting point">m.p.</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data">2.375 g/cm3 </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Enthalpy_of_fusion" title="Enthalpy of fusion">Heat of fusion</a></th><td class="infobox-data">7.43 <a href="/wiki/Kilojoule_per_mole" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilojoule per mole">kJ/mol</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Enthalpy_of_vaporization" title="Enthalpy of vaporization">Heat of vaporization</a></th><td class="infobox-data">141 kJ/mol </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Molar_heat_capacity" title="Molar heat capacity">Molar heat capacity</a></th><td class="infobox-data">26.4 J/(mol·K) </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Vapor_pressure" title="Vapor pressure">Vapor pressure</a><div style="position:relative; margin:0 auto; padding:0; text-align:initial; width:-moz-fit-content;width:-webkit-fit-content;width:fit-content;"> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%; border-collapse:collapse; margin:0"> <tbody><tr> <th><abbr title="Pressure">P</abbr> (Pa) </th> <th>1 </th> <th>10 </th> <th>100 </th> <th>1 k </th> <th>10 k </th> <th>100 k </th></tr> <tr> <th>at <abbr title="Temperature">T</abbr> (K) </th> <td>796 </td> <td>882 </td> <td>990 </td> <td>1139 </td> <td>1345 </td> <td>1646 </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:inherit; background:#ff9999">Atomic properties</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Oxidation_state" title="Oxidation state">Oxidation states</a></th><td class="infobox-data">common: +2 +1<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Electronegativity" title="Electronegativity">Electronegativity</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Pauling scale: 0.95 </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ionization_energy" title="Ionization energy">Ionization energies</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>1st: 549.5 kJ/mol </li><li>2nd: 1064.2 kJ/mol </li><li>3rd: 4138 kJ/mol </li><li> </li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Atomic_radius" title="Atomic radius">Atomic radius</a></th><td class="infobox-data">empirical: 215 <a href="/wiki/Picometre" title="Picometre">pm</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Covalent_radius" title="Covalent radius">Covalent radius</a></th><td class="infobox-data">195±10 pm </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Van_der_Waals_radius" title="Van der Waals radius">Van der Waals radius</a></th><td class="infobox-data">249 pm </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Strontium_spectrum_visible.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Color lines in a spectral range" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Strontium_spectrum_visible.png/240px-Strontium_spectrum_visible.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Strontium_spectrum_visible.png/360px-Strontium_spectrum_visible.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Strontium_spectrum_visible.png/480px-Strontium_spectrum_visible.png 2x" data-file-width="7430" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><a href="/wiki/Spectral_line" title="Spectral line">Spectral lines</a> of strontium</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:inherit; background:#ff9999">Other properties</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Natural occurrence</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Primordial_nuclide" title="Primordial nuclide">primordial</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Crystal_structure" title="Crystal structure">Crystal structure</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> <a href="/wiki/Cubic_crystal_system" title="Cubic crystal system">face-centered cubic</a> (fcc) (<a href="/wiki/Pearson_symbol" title="Pearson symbol">cF4</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Lattice_constant" title="Lattice constant">Lattice constant</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="float:right;"><a href="/wiki/File:Cubic-face-centered.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Face-centered cubic crystal structure for strontium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Cubic-face-centered.svg/50px-Cubic-face-centered.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Cubic-face-centered.svg/75px-Cubic-face-centered.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Cubic-face-centered.svg/100px-Cubic-face-centered.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="109" data-file-height="127" /></a></div>a = 608.6 pm (at 20 °C)<a href="#cite_note-Arblaster_2018-5">[5]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Coefficient_of_thermal_expansion" class="mw-redirect" title="Coefficient of thermal expansion">Thermal expansion</a></th><td class="infobox-data">22.55×10−6/K (at 20 °C)<a href="#cite_note-Arblaster_2018-5">[5]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Thermal_conductivity" class="mw-redirect" title="Thermal conductivity">Thermal conductivity</a></th><td class="infobox-data">35.4 W/(m⋅K) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Electrical_resistivity_and_conductivity" title="Electrical resistivity and conductivity">Electrical resistivity</a></th><td class="infobox-data">132 nΩ⋅m (at 20 °C) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Magnetism" title="Magnetism">Magnetic ordering</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Paramagnetism" title="Paramagnetism">paramagnetic</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Magnetic_susceptibility" title="Magnetic susceptibility">Molar magnetic susceptibility</a></th><td class="infobox-data">−92.0×10−6 cm3/mol (298 K)<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Young%27s_modulus" title="Young's modulus">Young's modulus</a></th><td class="infobox-data">15.7 GPa </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Shear_modulus" title="Shear modulus">Shear modulus</a></th><td class="infobox-data">6.03 GPa </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Poisson%27s_ratio" title="Poisson's ratio">Poisson ratio</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0.28 </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Mohs_scale_of_mineral_hardness" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohs scale of mineral hardness">Mohs hardness</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1.5 </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/CAS_Registry_Number" title="CAS Registry Number">CAS Number</a></th><td class="infobox-data">7440-24-6 </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:inherit; background:#ff9999">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Naming</th><td class="infobox-data">after the mineral <a href="/wiki/Strontianite" title="Strontianite">strontianite</a>, itself named after <a href="/wiki/Strontian" title="Strontian">Strontian</a>, Scotland</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_chemical_element_discoveries" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of chemical element discoveries">Discovery</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_Cruickshank_(chemist)" title="William Cruickshank (chemist)">William Cruickshank</a> (1787)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First isolation</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Humphry_Davy" title="Humphry Davy">Humphry Davy</a> (1808)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:inherit; background:#ff9999"><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_strontium" title="Isotopes of strontium">Isotopes of strontium</a><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Infobox_strontium_isotopes" title="Template:Infobox strontium isotopes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Infobox_strontium_isotopes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Infobox strontium isotopes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin: 0; padding: 0;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3">Main isotopes<a href="#cite_note-NUBASE2020-8">[8]</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Radioactive_decay" title="Radioactive decay">Decay</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th> </th> <th style="padding: 0.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Natural_abundance" title="Natural abundance">abundance</a> </th> <th style="padding: 0.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Half-life" title="Half-life">half-life</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(t1/2) </th> <th style="padding: 0.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Radioactive_decay#Types_of_decay" title="Radioactive decay">mode</a> </th> <th style="padding: 0.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Decay_product" title="Decay product">product</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;">82Sr </th> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Synthetic_radioisotope" title="Synthetic radioisotope">synth</a> </td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right;">25.36 d </td> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><a href="/wiki/Electron_capture" title="Electron capture">ε</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right; vertical-align: middle;"><a href="/wiki/Rubidium-82" title="Rubidium-82">82Rb</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3" style="vertical-align: top;">83Sr </th> <td rowspan="3" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">synth </td> <td rowspan="3" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right;">1.35 d </td> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;">ε </td> <td style="text-align: right; vertical-align: middle;"><a href="/wiki/Rubidium-83" class="mw-redirect" title="Rubidium-83">83Rb</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><a href="/wiki/Beta_plus_decay" class="mw-redirect" title="Beta plus decay">β+</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right; vertical-align: middle;">83Rb </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><a href="/wiki/Gamma_decay" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamma decay">γ</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right; vertical-align: middle;">– </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;">84Sr </th> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right;">0.56% </td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="3" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Stable_isotope" class="mw-redirect" title="Stable isotope">stable</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: top;">85Sr </th> <td rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">synth </td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right;">64.84 d </td> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;">ε </td> <td style="text-align: right; vertical-align: middle;"><a href="/wiki/Rubidium-85" class="mw-redirect" title="Rubidium-85">85Rb</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;">γ </td> <td style="text-align: right; vertical-align: middle;">– </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;">86Sr </th> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right;">9.86% </td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="3" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;">stable </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;">87Sr </th> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right;">7% </td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="3" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;">stable </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;">88Sr </th> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right;">82.6% </td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="3" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;">stable </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;">89Sr </th> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">synth </td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right;">50.52 d </td> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><a href="/wiki/Beta_minus_decay" class="mw-redirect" title="Beta minus decay">β−</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right; vertical-align: middle;"><a href="/wiki/Yttrium-89" class="mw-redirect" title="Yttrium-89">89Y</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;">90Sr </th> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Trace_radioisotope" title="Trace radioisotope">trace</a> </td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right;">28.90 y </td> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;">β− </td> <td style="text-align: right; vertical-align: middle;"><a href="/wiki/Yttrium-90" title="Yttrium-90">90Y</a> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint" style="color:inherit; background:#ff9999"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Strontium" title="Category:Strontium">Category: Strontium</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Infobox_strontium" title="Template:Infobox strontium">view</a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Infobox_strontium" title="Template talk:Infobox strontium">talk</a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Infobox_strontium" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Infobox strontium">edit</a></li></ul></div> | <a href="/wiki/List_of_data_references_for_chemical_elements" title="List of data references for chemical elements">references</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Strontium is a <a href="/wiki/Chemical_element" title="Chemical element">chemical element</a>; it has <a href="/wiki/Symbol_(chemistry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbol (chemistry)">symbol</a> Sr and <a href="/wiki/Atomic_number" title="Atomic number">atomic number</a> 38. An <a href="/wiki/Alkaline_earth_metal" title="Alkaline earth metal">alkaline earth metal</a>, strontium is a soft silver-white yellowish <a href="/wiki/Metal" title="Metal">metallic</a> element that is highly <a href="/wiki/Reactivity_(chemistry)" title="Reactivity (chemistry)">chemically reactive</a>. The metal forms a dark oxide layer when it is exposed to air. Strontium has physical and chemical properties similar to those of its two vertical neighbors in the periodic table, <a href="/wiki/Calcium" title="Calcium">calcium</a> and <a href="/wiki/Barium" title="Barium">barium</a>. It occurs naturally mainly in the <a href="/wiki/Minerals" class="mw-redirect" title="Minerals">minerals</a> <a href="/wiki/Celestine_(mineral)" title="Celestine (mineral)">celestine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Strontianite" title="Strontianite">strontianite</a>, and is mostly mined from these. Both strontium and strontianite are named after <a href="/wiki/Strontian" title="Strontian">Strontian</a>, a village in Scotland near which the mineral was discovered in 1790 by <a href="/wiki/Adair_Crawford" title="Adair Crawford">Adair Crawford</a> and <a href="/wiki/William_Cruickshank_(chemist)" title="William Cruickshank (chemist)">William Cruickshank</a>; it was identified as a new element the next year from its crimson-red <a href="/wiki/Flame_test" title="Flame test">flame test</a> color. Strontium was first isolated as a metal in 1808 by <a href="/wiki/Humphry_Davy" title="Humphry Davy">Humphry Davy</a> using the then newly discovered process of <a href="/wiki/Electrolysis" title="Electrolysis">electrolysis</a>. During the 19th century, strontium was mostly used in the production of sugar from <a href="/wiki/Sugar_beet" title="Sugar beet">sugar beets</a> (see <a href="/wiki/Strontian_process" title="Strontian process">strontian process</a>). At the peak of production of television <a href="/wiki/Cathode-ray_tube" title="Cathode-ray tube">cathode-ray tubes</a>, as much as 75% of strontium consumption in the United States was used for the faceplate glass.<a href="#cite_note-USGS-9">[9]</a> With the replacement of cathode-ray tubes with other display methods, consumption of strontium has dramatically declined.<a href="#cite_note-USGS-9">[9]</a> While natural strontium (which is mostly the <a href="/wiki/Isotope" title="Isotope">isotope</a> strontium-88) is stable, the synthetic <a href="/wiki/Strontium-90" title="Strontium-90">strontium-90</a> is radioactive and is one of the most dangerous components of <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_fallout" title="Nuclear fallout">nuclear fallout</a>, as strontium is absorbed by the body in a similar manner to calcium. Natural stable strontium, on the other hand, is not hazardous to health. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characteristics">Characteristics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Strontium&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Characteristics">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Strontium_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Strontium_1.jpg/170px-Strontium_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Strontium_1.jpg/255px-Strontium_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Strontium_1.jpg/340px-Strontium_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="376" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>Oxidized <a href="/wiki/Dendrite_(crystal)" title="Dendrite (crystal)">dendritic</a> strontium</figcaption></figure> Strontium is a <a href="/wiki/Divalent" class="mw-redirect" title="Divalent">divalent</a> silvery metal with a pale yellow tint whose properties are mostly intermediate between and similar to those of its group neighbors <a href="/wiki/Calcium" title="Calcium">calcium</a> and <a href="/wiki/Barium" title="Barium">barium</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Greenwood112-10">[10]</a> It is softer than calcium and harder than barium. Its melting (777 °C) and boiling (1377 °C) points are lower than those of calcium (842 °C and 1484 °C respectively); barium continues this downward trend in the melting point (727 °C), but not in the boiling point (1900 °C). The density of strontium (2.64 g/cm3) is similarly intermediate between those of calcium (1.54 g/cm3) and barium (3.594 g/cm3).<a href="#cite_note-CRC-11">[11]</a> Three <a href="/wiki/Allotropy" title="Allotropy">allotropes</a> of metallic strontium exist, with <a href="/wiki/Transition_point" title="Transition point">transition points</a> at 235 and 540 °C.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The <a href="/wiki/Standard_electrode_potential" title="Standard electrode potential">standard electrode potential</a> for the Sr2+/Sr couple is −2.89 V, approximately midway between those of the Ca2+/Ca (−2.84 V) and Ba2+/Ba (−2.92 V) couples, and close to those of the neighboring <a href="/wiki/Alkali_metal" title="Alkali metal">alkali metals</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Greenwood111-12">[12]</a> Strontium is intermediate between calcium and barium in its reactivity toward water, with which it reacts on contact to produce <a href="/wiki/Strontium_hydroxide" title="Strontium hydroxide">strontium hydroxide</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen">hydrogen</a> gas. Strontium metal burns in air to produce both <a href="/wiki/Strontium_oxide" title="Strontium oxide">strontium oxide</a> and <a href="/wiki/Strontium_nitride" title="Strontium nitride">strontium nitride</a>, but since it does not react with <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">nitrogen</a> below 380 °C, at room temperature it forms only the oxide spontaneously.<a href="#cite_note-CRC-11">[11]</a> Besides the simple oxide SrO, the <a href="/wiki/Peroxide" title="Peroxide">peroxide</a> SrO2 can be made by direct oxidation of strontium metal under a high pressure of oxygen, and there is some evidence for a yellow <a href="/wiki/Superoxide" title="Superoxide">superoxide</a> Sr(O2)2.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> <a href="/wiki/Strontium_hydroxide" title="Strontium hydroxide">Strontium hydroxide</a>, Sr(OH)2, is a strong base, though it is not as strong as the hydroxides of barium or the alkali metals.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> All four dihalides of strontium are known.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> Due to the large size of the heavy <a href="/wiki/S-block" class="mw-redirect" title="S-block">s-block</a> elements, including strontium, a vast range of <a href="/wiki/Coordination_number" title="Coordination number">coordination numbers</a> is known, from 2, 3, or 4 all the way to 22 or 24 in SrCd11 and SrZn13. The Sr2+ ion is quite large, so that high coordination numbers are the rule.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> The large size of strontium and barium plays a significant part in stabilising strontium complexes with <a href="/wiki/Denticity" title="Denticity">polydentate</a> <a href="/wiki/Macrocycle" title="Macrocycle">macrocyclic</a> ligands such as <a href="/wiki/Crown_ether" title="Crown ether">crown ethers</a>: for example, while <a href="/wiki/18-crown-6" class="mw-redirect" title="18-crown-6">18-crown-6</a> forms relatively weak complexes with calcium and the alkali metals, its strontium and barium complexes are much stronger.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> Organostrontium compounds contain one or more strontium–carbon bonds. They have been reported as intermediates in <a href="/wiki/Barbier_reaction" title="Barbier reaction">Barbier-type</a> reactions.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> Although strontium is in the same group as magnesium, and <a href="/wiki/Organomagnesium_compound" class="mw-redirect" title="Organomagnesium compound">organomagnesium compounds</a> are very commonly used throughout chemistry, organostrontium compounds are not similarly widespread because they are more difficult to make and more reactive. Organostrontium compounds tend to be more similar to organo<a href="/wiki/Europium" title="Europium">europium</a> or organo<a href="/wiki/Samarium" title="Samarium">samarium</a> compounds due to the similar <a href="/wiki/Ionic_radius" title="Ionic radius">ionic radii</a> of these elements (Sr2+ 118 pm; Eu2+ 117 pm; Sm2+ 122 pm). Most of these compounds can only be prepared at low temperatures; bulky ligands tend to favor stability. For example, strontium di<a href="/wiki/Cyclopentadienyl" title="Cyclopentadienyl">cyclopentadienyl</a>, Sr(C5H5)2, must be made by directly reacting strontium metal with <a href="/wiki/Mercurocene" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercurocene">mercurocene</a> or <a href="/wiki/Cyclopentadiene" title="Cyclopentadiene">cyclopentadiene</a> itself; replacing the C5H5 ligand with the bulkier C5(CH3)5 ligand on the other hand increases the compound's solubility, volatility, and kinetic stability.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> Because of its extreme reactivity with <a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">oxygen</a> and water, strontium occurs naturally only in compounds with other elements, such as in the minerals <a href="/wiki/Strontianite" title="Strontianite">strontianite</a> and <a href="/wiki/Celestine_(mineral)" title="Celestine (mineral)">celestine</a>. It is kept under a liquid <a href="/wiki/Hydrocarbon" title="Hydrocarbon">hydrocarbon</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Mineral_oil" title="Mineral oil">mineral oil</a> or <a href="/wiki/Kerosene" title="Kerosene">kerosene</a> to prevent <a href="/wiki/Oxidation" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxidation">oxidation</a>; freshly exposed strontium metal rapidly turns a yellowish color with the formation of the oxide. Finely powdered strontium metal is <a href="/wiki/Pyrophoric" class="mw-redirect" title="Pyrophoric">pyrophoric</a>, meaning that it will ignite spontaneously in air at room temperature. Volatile strontium salts impart a bright red color to flames, and these salts are used in <a href="/wiki/Pyrotechnic" class="mw-redirect" title="Pyrotechnic">pyrotechnics</a> and in the production of <a href="/wiki/Flare_(pyrotechnic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Flare (pyrotechnic)">flares</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CRC-11">[11]</a> Like calcium and barium, as well as the alkali metals and the divalent <a href="/wiki/Lanthanide" title="Lanthanide">lanthanides</a> <a href="/wiki/Europium" title="Europium">europium</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ytterbium" title="Ytterbium">ytterbium</a>, strontium metal dissolves directly in liquid <a href="/wiki/Ammonia" title="Ammonia">ammonia</a> to give a dark blue solution of solvated electrons.<a href="#cite_note-Greenwood112-10">[10]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Isotopes">Isotopes</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Strontium&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Isotopes">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_strontium" title="Isotopes of strontium">Isotopes of strontium</a></div> Natural strontium is a mixture of four stable <a href="/wiki/Isotope" title="Isotope">isotopes</a>: 84Sr, 86Sr, 87Sr, and 88Sr.<a href="#cite_note-CRC-11">[11]</a> On these isotopes, 88Sr is the most abundant, makes up about 82.6% of all natural strontium, though the abundance varies due to the production of <a href="/wiki/Radiogenic" class="mw-redirect" title="Radiogenic">radiogenic</a> 87Sr as the daughter of long-lived <a href="/wiki/Beta-decay" class="mw-redirect" title="Beta-decay">beta-decaying</a> 87<a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_rubidium" title="Isotopes of rubidium">Rb</a>.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> This is the basis of <a href="/wiki/Rubidium%E2%80%93strontium_dating" title="Rubidium–strontium dating">rubidium–strontium dating</a>. Of the unstable isotopes, the primary decay mode of the isotopes lighter than 85Sr is <a href="/wiki/Electron_capture" title="Electron capture">electron capture</a> or <a href="/wiki/Positron_emission" title="Positron emission">positron emission</a> to isotopes of rubidium, and that of the isotopes heavier than 88Sr is <a href="/wiki/Electron_emission" title="Electron emission">electron emission</a> to isotopes of <a href="/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium">yttrium</a>. Of special note are <a href="/wiki/Strontium-89" title="Strontium-89">89Sr</a> and <a href="/wiki/Strontium-90" title="Strontium-90">90Sr</a>. The former has a <a href="/wiki/Half-life" title="Half-life">half-life</a> of 50.6 days and is used to treat <a href="/wiki/Bone_cancer" class="mw-redirect" title="Bone cancer">bone cancer</a> due to strontium's chemical similarity and hence ability to replace calcium.<a href="#cite_note-HalperinPerez2008-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-BaumanCharette2005-24">[24]</a> While 90Sr (half-life 28.90 years) has been used similarly, it is also an isotope of concern in <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_fallout" title="Nuclear fallout">fallout</a> from <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapons" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear weapons">nuclear weapons</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_accidents" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear accidents">nuclear accidents</a> due to its production as a <a href="/wiki/Fission_product" class="mw-redirect" title="Fission product">fission product</a>. Its presence in bones can cause bone cancer, cancer of nearby tissues, and <a href="/wiki/Leukemia" title="Leukemia">leukemia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-EPA-25">[25]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Chernobyl_accident" class="mw-redirect" title="Chernobyl accident">1986 Chernobyl nuclear accident</a> contaminated about 30,000 km2 with greater than 10 kBq/m2 with 90Sr, which accounts for about 5% of the 90Sr which was in the reactor core.<a href="#cite_note-OECD02-Ch1-26">[26]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Strontium&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flammenf%C3%A4rbungSr.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flammenf%C3%A4rbungSr.png/130px-Flammenf%C3%A4rbungSr.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="395" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flammenf%C3%A4rbungSr.png/195px-Flammenf%C3%A4rbungSr.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flammenf%C3%A4rbungSr.png/260px-Flammenf%C3%A4rbungSr.png 2x" data-file-width="483" data-file-height="1467" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Flame_test" title="Flame test">Flame test</a> for strontium</figcaption></figure> Strontium is named after the Scottish village of <a href="/wiki/Strontian" title="Strontian">Strontian</a> (<a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Gaelic language">Scottish Gaelic</a>: Sròn an t-Sìthein), where it was discovered in the ores of the lead mines.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> In 1790, <a href="/wiki/Adair_Crawford" title="Adair Crawford">Adair Crawford</a>, a physician engaged in the preparation of barium, and his colleague <a href="/wiki/William_Cruickshank_(chemist)" title="William Cruickshank (chemist)">William Cruickshank</a>, recognised that the Strontian ores exhibited properties that differed from those in other "heavy spars" sources.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> This allowed Crawford to conclude on page 355 "... it is probable indeed, that the scotch mineral is a new species of earth which has not hitherto been sufficiently examined." The physician and mineral collector <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Gabriel_Sulzer" title="Friedrich Gabriel Sulzer">Friedrich Gabriel Sulzer</a> analysed together with <a href="/wiki/Johann_Friedrich_Blumenbach" title="Johann Friedrich Blumenbach">Johann Friedrich Blumenbach</a> the mineral from Strontian and named it strontianite. He also came to the conclusion that it was distinct from the <a href="/wiki/Witherite" title="Witherite">witherite</a> and contained a new earth (neue Grunderde).<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> In 1793 <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Charles_Hope" title="Thomas Charles Hope">Thomas Charles Hope</a>, a professor of chemistry at the University of Glasgow studied the mineral<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> and proposed the name strontites.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> He confirmed the earlier work of Crawford and recounted: "... Considering it a peculiar earth I thought it necessary to give it an name. I have called it Strontites, from the place it was found; a mode of derivation in my opinion, fully as proper as any quality it may possess, which is the present fashion." The element was eventually isolated by Sir <a href="/wiki/Humphry_Davy" title="Humphry Davy">Humphry Davy</a> in 1808 by the <a href="/wiki/Electrolysis" title="Electrolysis">electrolysis</a> of a mixture containing <a href="/wiki/Strontium_chloride" title="Strontium chloride">strontium chloride</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mercuric_oxide" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercuric oxide">mercuric oxide</a>, and announced by him in a lecture to the Royal Society on 30 June 1808.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> In keeping with the naming of the other alkaline earths, he changed the name to strontium.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> The first large-scale application of strontium was in the production of sugar from <a href="/wiki/Sugar_beet" title="Sugar beet">sugar beet</a>. Although a crystallisation process using strontium hydroxide was patented by <a href="/wiki/Augustin-Pierre_Dubrunfaut" title="Augustin-Pierre Dubrunfaut">Augustin-Pierre Dubrunfaut</a> in 1849<a href="#cite_note-Metalle_in_der_Elektrochemie-41">[41]</a> the large scale introduction came with the improvement of the process in the early 1870s. The German <a href="/wiki/Sugar_industry" title="Sugar industry">sugar industry</a> used the process well into the 20th century. Before <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> the beet sugar industry used 100,000 to 150,000 tons of strontium hydroxide for this <a href="/wiki/Strontian_process" title="Strontian process">process</a> per year.<a href="#cite_note-books.google.de-42">[42]</a> The strontium hydroxide was recycled in the process, but the demand to substitute losses during production was high enough to create a significant demand initiating mining of strontianite in the <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnsterland" class="mw-redirect" title="Münsterland">Münsterland</a>. The mining of strontianite in Germany ended when mining of the <a href="/wiki/Celestine_(mineral)" title="Celestine (mineral)">celestine</a> deposits in <a href="/wiki/Gloucestershire" title="Gloucestershire">Gloucestershire</a> started.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> These mines supplied most of the world strontium supply from 1884 to 1941. Although the celestine deposits in the <a href="/wiki/Granada_basin" class="mw-redirect" title="Granada basin">Granada basin</a> were known for some time the large scale mining did not start before the 1950s.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> During atmospheric <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapons_testing" title="Nuclear weapons testing">nuclear weapons testing</a>, it was observed that strontium-90 is one of the <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_fission_product" title="Nuclear fission product">nuclear fission products</a> with a relatively high yield. The similarity to calcium and the chance that the strontium-90 might become enriched in bones made research on the metabolism of strontium an important topic.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Occurrence">Occurrence</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Strontium&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Occurrence">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable selfref">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:Strontium_minerals" title="Category:Strontium minerals">Category:Strontium minerals</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Celestine_Poland.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Celestine_Poland.jpg/220px-Celestine_Poland.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/17/Celestine_Poland.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="225" /></a><figcaption>The mineral celestine (SrSO4)</figcaption></figure> Strontium commonly occurs in nature, being the 15th most <a href="/wiki/Abundance_of_the_chemical_elements" title="Abundance of the chemical elements">abundant element</a> on Earth (its heavier congener barium being the 14th), estimated to average approximately 360 <a href="/wiki/Parts_per_million" class="mw-redirect" title="Parts per million">parts per million</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Abundance_of_elements_in_Earth%27s_crust" title="Abundance of elements in Earth's crust">Earth's crust</a><a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> and is found chiefly as the <a href="/wiki/Sulfate" title="Sulfate">sulfate</a> <a href="/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral">mineral</a> <a href="/wiki/Celestine_(mineral)" title="Celestine (mineral)">celestine</a> (SrSO4) and the <a href="/wiki/Carbonate" title="Carbonate">carbonate</a> <a href="/wiki/Strontianite" title="Strontianite">strontianite</a> (SrCO3). Of the two, celestine occurs much more frequently in deposits of sufficient size for mining. Because strontium is used most often in the carbonate form, strontianite would be the more useful of the two common minerals, but few deposits have been discovered that are suitable for development.<a href="#cite_note-usgs10-48">[48]</a> Because of the way it reacts with air and water, strontium only exists in nature when combined to form minerals. Naturally occurring strontium is stable, but its synthetic isotope Sr-90 is only produced by nuclear fallout. In groundwater strontium behaves chemically much like calcium. At intermediate to acidic <a href="/wiki/PH" title="PH">pH</a> Sr2+ is the dominant strontium species. In the presence of calcium ions, strontium commonly forms <a href="/wiki/Coprecipitation" title="Coprecipitation">coprecipitates</a> with calcium minerals such as <a href="/wiki/Calcite" title="Calcite">calcite</a> and anhydrite at an increased pH. At intermediate to acidic pH, dissolved strontium is bound to soil particles by <a href="/wiki/Cation-exchange_capacity" title="Cation-exchange capacity">cation exchange</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Heuel-Fabianek-49">[49]</a> The mean strontium content of ocean water is 8 mg/L.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> At a concentration between 82 and 90 μmol/L of strontium, the concentration is considerably lower than the calcium concentration, which is normally between 9.6 and 11.6 mmol/L.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> It is nevertheless much higher than that of barium, 13 μg/L.<a href="#cite_note-CRC-11">[11]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production">Production</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Strontium&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Production">edit</a>]</div> The major producers of strontium as celestine as of January 2024 are Spain (200,000 <a href="/wiki/Metric_ton" class="mw-redirect" title="Metric ton">t</a>), Iran (200,000 t), China (80,000 t), Mexico (35,000 t); and Argentina (700 t).<a href="#cite_note-USGSMinRep24-54">[54]</a> Although strontium deposits occur widely in the United States, they have not been mined since 1959.<a href="#cite_note-USGSMinRep24-54">[54]</a> A large proportion of mined celestine (SrSO4) is converted to the carbonate by two processes. Either the celestine is directly leached with sodium carbonate solution or the celestine is roasted with coal to form the sulfide. The second stage produces a dark-coloured material containing mostly <a href="/wiki/Strontium_sulfide" title="Strontium sulfide">strontium sulfide</a>. This so-called "black ash" is dissolved in water and filtered. Strontium carbonate is precipitated from the strontium sulfide solution by introduction of <a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide" title="Carbon dioxide">carbon dioxide</a>.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> The sulfate is <a href="/wiki/Redox" title="Redox">reduced</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Sulfide" title="Sulfide">sulfide</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Carbothermic_reduction" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbothermic reduction">carbothermic reduction</a>: <dl><dd>SrSO4 + 2 C → SrS + 2 CO2</dd></dl> About 300,000 tons are processed in this way annually.<a href="#cite_note-Ullmann-56">[56]</a> The metal is produced commercially by reducing strontium <a href="/wiki/Oxide" title="Oxide">oxide</a> with <a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">aluminium</a>. The strontium is <a href="/wiki/Distillation" title="Distillation">distilled</a> from the mixture.<a href="#cite_note-Ullmann-56">[56]</a> Strontium metal can also be prepared on a small scale by <a href="/wiki/Electrolysis" title="Electrolysis">electrolysis</a> of a solution of <a href="/wiki/Strontium_chloride" title="Strontium chloride">strontium chloride</a> in molten <a href="/wiki/Potassium_chloride" title="Potassium chloride">potassium chloride</a>:<a href="#cite_note-Greenwood111-12">[12]</a> <dl><dd>Sr2+ + 2 e− → Sr</dd> <dd>2 Cl− → Cl2 + 2 e− </dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Applications">Applications</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Strontium&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Applications">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Monitor.arp.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Monitor.arp.jpg/220px-Monitor.arp.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Monitor.arp.jpg/330px-Monitor.arp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Monitor.arp.jpg/440px-Monitor.arp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="762" /></a><figcaption>Most of the world's production of strontium used to be consumed in the production of cathode-ray tube (CRT) displays. The glass contained strontium and barium oxide to block X-rays.</figcaption></figure> Consuming 75% of production, the primary use for strontium was in glass for colour television <a href="/wiki/Cathode-ray_tube" title="Cathode-ray tube">cathode-ray tubes</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Ullmann-56">[56]</a> where it prevented <a href="/wiki/X-ray" title="X-ray">X-ray</a> emission.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> This application for strontium has been declining because CRTs are being replaced by other display methods. This decline has a significant influence on the mining and refining of strontium.<a href="#cite_note-usgs10-48">[48]</a> All parts of the CRT must absorb X-rays. In the neck and the funnel of the tube, lead glass is used for this purpose, but this type of glass shows a browning effect due to the interaction of the X-rays with the glass. Therefore, the front panel is made from a different glass mixture with strontium and barium to absorb the X-rays. The average values for the glass mixture determined for a recycling study in 2005 is 8.5% <a href="/wiki/Strontium_oxide" title="Strontium oxide">strontium oxide</a> and 10% <a href="/wiki/Barium_oxide" title="Barium oxide">barium oxide</a>.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> Because strontium is so similar to calcium, it is incorporated in the bone. All four stable isotopes are incorporated, in roughly the same proportions they are found in nature. However, the actual distribution of the isotopes tends to vary greatly from one geographical location to another. Thus, analyzing the bone of an individual can help determine the region it came from.<a href="#cite_note-PriceSchoeninger1985-60">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-SteadmanBrudevold1958-61">[61]</a> This approach helps to identify the ancient migration patterns and the origin of commingled human remains in battlefield burial sites.<a href="#cite_note-SchweissingGrupe2003-62">[62]</a> 87Sr/86Sr ratios are commonly used to determine the likely provenance areas of sediment in natural systems, especially in <a href="/wiki/Marine_environments" class="mw-redirect" title="Marine environments">marine</a> and <a href="/wiki/River" title="River">fluvial</a> environments. Dasch (1969) showed that surface sediments of Atlantic displayed 87Sr/86Sr ratios that could be regarded as bulk averages of the 87Sr/86Sr ratios of geological terrains from adjacent landmasses.<a href="#cite_note-Dasch-63">[63]</a> A good example of a fluvial-marine system to which Sr isotope provenance studies have been successfully employed is the River Nile-Mediterranean system.<a href="#cite_note-Krom1999-64">[64]</a> Due to the differing ages of the rocks that constitute the majority of the <a href="/wiki/Blue_Nile" title="Blue Nile">Blue</a> and <a href="/wiki/White_Nile" title="White Nile">White Nile</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catchment_area" title="Catchment area">catchment areas</a> of the changing provenance of sediment reaching the <a href="/wiki/River_Nile_Delta" class="mw-redirect" title="River Nile Delta">River Nile Delta</a> and East Mediterranean Sea can be discerned through strontium isotopic studies. Such changes are climatically controlled in the <a href="/wiki/Late_Quaternary" class="mw-redirect" title="Late Quaternary">Late Quaternary</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Krom1999-64">[64]</a> More recently, 87Sr/86Sr ratios have also been used to determine the source of ancient archaeological materials such as timbers and corn in <a href="/wiki/Chaca_Canyon,_New_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaca Canyon, New Mexico">Chaco Canyon, New Mexico</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Benson-65">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-English-66">[66]</a> 87Sr/86Sr ratios in teeth may also be used to <a href="/wiki/Animal_migration_tracking" title="Animal migration tracking">track animal migrations</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Barnett-Johnson-67">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-Porder-68">[68]</a> <a href="/wiki/Strontium_aluminate" title="Strontium aluminate">Strontium aluminate</a> is frequently used in <a href="/wiki/Phosphorescence" title="Phosphorescence">glow in the dark</a> toys, as it is chemically and biologically inert.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ignis_Brunensis_2010-05-22_(5).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="red fireworks" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Ignis_Brunensis_2010-05-22_%285%29.jpg/170px-Ignis_Brunensis_2010-05-22_%285%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Ignis_Brunensis_2010-05-22_%285%29.jpg/255px-Ignis_Brunensis_2010-05-22_%285%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Ignis_Brunensis_2010-05-22_%285%29.jpg/340px-Ignis_Brunensis_2010-05-22_%285%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Strontium salts are added to fireworks in order to create red colors.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Strontium_carbonate" title="Strontium carbonate">Strontium carbonate</a> and other strontium <a href="/wiki/Salt_(chemistry)" title="Salt (chemistry)">salts</a> are added to fireworks to give a deep red colour.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> This same effect identifies strontium <a href="/wiki/Cations" class="mw-redirect" title="Cations">cations</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Flame_test" title="Flame test">flame test</a>. Fireworks consume about 5% of the world's production.<a href="#cite_note-Ullmann-56">[56]</a> Strontium carbonate is used in the manufacturing of hard <a href="/wiki/Ferrite_(magnet)" title="Ferrite (magnet)">ferrite</a> magnets.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> <a href="/wiki/Strontium_chloride" title="Strontium chloride">Strontium chloride</a> is sometimes used in toothpastes for sensitive teeth. One popular brand includes 10% total strontium chloride hexahydrate by weight.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> Small amounts are used in the refining of zinc to remove small amounts of lead impurities.<a href="#cite_note-CRC-11">[11]</a> The metal itself has a limited use as a <a href="/wiki/Getter" title="Getter">getter</a>, to remove unwanted gases in vacuums by reacting with them, although barium may also be used for this purpose.<a href="#cite_note-Greenwood111-12">[12]</a> The ultra-narrow optical transition between the [Kr]5s2 1S0 electronic <a href="/wiki/Ground_state" title="Ground state">ground state</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Metastability" title="Metastability">metastable</a> [Kr]5s5p 3P0 excited state of 87Sr is one of the leading candidates for the future re-definition of the <a href="/wiki/Second" title="Second">second</a> in terms of an optical transition as opposed to the current definition derived from a microwave transition between different <a href="/wiki/Hyperfine_structure" title="Hyperfine structure">hyperfine</a> ground states of <a href="/wiki/Caesium" title="Caesium">133Cs.</a><a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> Current optical <a href="/wiki/Atomic_clock" title="Atomic clock">atomic clocks</a> operating on this transition already surpass the precision and accuracy of the current definition of the second.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Radioactive_strontium">Radioactive strontium</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Strontium&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Radioactive strontium">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Soviet_RTG.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Soviet_RTG.jpg/220px-Soviet_RTG.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Soviet_RTG.jpg/330px-Soviet_RTG.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d9/Soviet_RTG.jpg 2x" data-file-width="402" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>RTGs from Soviet-era lighthouses</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Strontium-89" title="Strontium-89">89Sr</a> is the active ingredient in <a href="/wiki/Metastron" class="mw-redirect" title="Metastron">Metastron</a>,<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> a <a href="/wiki/Radiopharmaceutical" title="Radiopharmaceutical">radiopharmaceutical</a> used for bone pain secondary to <a href="/wiki/Metastatic" class="mw-redirect" title="Metastatic">metastatic</a> <a href="/wiki/Bone_cancer" class="mw-redirect" title="Bone cancer">bone cancer</a>. The strontium is processed like calcium by the body, preferentially incorporating it into bone at sites of increased <a href="/wiki/Osteogenesis" class="mw-redirect" title="Osteogenesis">osteogenesis</a>. This localization focuses the radiation exposure on the cancerous lesion.<a href="#cite_note-BaumanCharette2005-24">[24]</a> <a href="/wiki/Strontium-90" title="Strontium-90">90Sr</a> has been used as a power source for <a href="/wiki/Radioisotope_thermoelectric_generator" title="Radioisotope thermoelectric generator">radioisotope thermoelectric generators</a> (RTGs). 90Sr produces approximately 0.93 watts of heat per gram (it is lower for the form of 90Sr used in RTGs, which is <a href="/wiki/Strontium_fluoride" title="Strontium fluoride">strontium fluoride</a>).<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> However, 90Sr has one third the lifetime and a lower density than <a href="/wiki/Plutonium-238" title="Plutonium-238">238Pu</a>, another RTG fuel. The main advantage of 90Sr is that it is significantly cheaper than 238Pu and is found in <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_waste" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear waste">nuclear waste</a>. The latter must be prepared by irradiating 237Np with neutrons then separating the modest amounts of 238Pu. The principal disadvantage of 90Sr is the high energy beta particles produce <a href="/wiki/Bremsstrahlung" title="Bremsstrahlung">Bremsstrahlung</a> as they encounter nuclei of other nearby heavy atoms such as adjacent strontium. This is mostly in the range of X-rays. Thus strong beta emitters also emit significant secondary X-rays in most cases. This requires significant shielding measures which complicates the design of RTGs using 90Sr. The <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> deployed nearly 1000 of these RTGs on its northern coast as a power source for lighthouses and meteorology stations.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-O'BrienAmbrosi2008-79">[79]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biological_role">Biological role</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Strontium&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Biological role">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1084375498">.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox{border-collapse:collapse;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox td,.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox th{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:40%}.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox td+td{width:60%}</style> <table class="infobox ib-chembox"> <caption>Strontium </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba; text-align: center;">Hazards </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left; background-color:#eaeaea;"><a href="/wiki/Globally_Harmonized_System_of_Classification_and_Labelling_of_Chemicals" title="Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals">GHS labelling</a>: </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left:1em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/GHS_hazard_pictograms" title="GHS hazard pictograms">Pictograms</a></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="GHS02: Flammable"><img alt="GHS02: Flammable" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg/50px-GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg/75px-GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg/100px-GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a><a href="/wiki/File:GHS-pictogram-exclam.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="GHS07: Exclamation mark"><img alt="GHS07: Exclamation mark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/GHS-pictogram-exclam.svg/50px-GHS-pictogram-exclam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/GHS-pictogram-exclam.svg/75px-GHS-pictogram-exclam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/GHS-pictogram-exclam.svg/100px-GHS-pictogram-exclam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left:1em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Globally_Harmonized_System_of_Classification_and_Labelling_of_Chemicals#Signal_word" title="Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals">Signal word</a></div> </td> <td>Danger </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left:1em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/GHS_hazard_statements" title="GHS hazard statements">Hazard statements</a></div> </td> <td><abbr class="abbr" title="H261: In contact with water releases flammable gas">H261</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="H315: Causes skin irritation">H315</abbr> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left:1em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/GHS_precautionary_statements" title="GHS precautionary statements">Precautionary statements</a></div> </td> <td><abbr class="abbr" title="P223: Do not allow contact with water.">P223</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="P231+P232: Handle and store contents under inert gas. Protect from moisture">P231+P232</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="P370+P378: In case of fire: Use ... to extinguish.">P370+P378</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="P422: Store contents under ...">P422</abbr><a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/NFPA_704" title="NFPA 704">NFPA 704</a> (fire diamond) </td> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1170367383">.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-ref{float:right;padding:1px;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-container{width:82px;font-family:sans-serif;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-container-ref{float:left;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-images{float:left;font-size:20px;text-align:center;position:relative;height:80px;width:80px;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-map{position:absolute;height:80px;width:80px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond .noresize{margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-code{line-height:1em;text-align:center;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-code>a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-blue{width:13px;top:31px;left:15px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-red{width:12px;top:12px;left:35px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-yellow{width:13px;top:31px;left:54px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-white-image{position:relative;top:51px;left:0}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-white-text{vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;line-height:80%;position:absolute;top:52px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-white-text a>span{position:absolute;color:black}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-white-wors{font-size:15px;width:23px;left:29px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-white-wox{font-size:15px;font-stretch:condensed;width:21px;line-height:80%;top:-4px;left:29px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-white-abcp{font-size:13.5px;font-stretch:condensed;width:28px;left:26px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-white-ac{font-size:10px;width:30px;left:25px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-white-strike{text-decoration:line-through}</style><div class="nfpa-704-diamond notheme"><div class="nfpa-704-diamond-container"><div class="nfpa-704-diamond-images nounderlines"> <div class="nfpa-704-diamond-map"><figure class="noresize" typeof="mw:File"><img alt="NFPA 704 four-colored diamond" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/NFPA_704.svg/80px-NFPA_704.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/NFPA_704.svg/120px-NFPA_704.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/NFPA_704.svg/160px-NFPA_704.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" usemap="#ImageMap_fc42f991110b2e30" /><map name="ImageMap_fc42f991110b2e30"><area href="/wiki/NFPA_704#Blue" shape="poly" coords="23,23,47,47,23,70,0,47" alt="Health 2: Intense or continued but not chronic exposure could cause temporary incapacitation or possible residual injury. E.g. chloroform" title="Health 2: Intense or continued but not chronic exposure could cause temporary incapacitation or possible residual injury. E.g. chloroform" /><area href="/wiki/NFPA_704#Red" shape="poly" coords="47,0,70,23,47,47,23,23" alt="Flammability 0: Will not burn. E.g. water" title="Flammability 0: Will not burn. E.g. water" /><area href="/wiki/NFPA_704#Yellow" shape="poly" coords="70,23,94,47,70,70,47,47" alt="Instability 2: Undergoes violent chemical change at elevated temperatures and pressures, reacts violently with water, or may form explosive mixtures with water. E.g. white phosphorus" title="Instability 2: Undergoes violent chemical change at elevated temperatures and pressures, reacts violently with water, or may form explosive mixtures with water. E.g. white phosphorus" /><area href="/wiki/NFPA_704#White" shape="poly" coords="47,47,70,70,47,94,23,70" alt="Special hazard W: Reacts with water in an unusual or dangerous manner. E.g. sodium, sulfuric acid" title="Special hazard W: Reacts with water in an unusual or dangerous manner. E.g. sodium, sulfuric acid" /></map><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div><div class="nfpa-704-diamond-code nfpa-704-diamond-blue"> <a href="/wiki/NFPA_704#Blue" title="NFPA 704">2</a></div><div class="nfpa-704-diamond-code nfpa-704-diamond-red"> <a href="/wiki/NFPA_704#Red" title="NFPA 704">0</a></div><div class="nfpa-704-diamond-code nfpa-704-diamond-yellow"> <a href="/wiki/NFPA_704#Yellow" title="NFPA 704"><span title="Instability 2: Undergoes violent chemical change at elevated temperatures and pressures, reacts violently with water, or may form explosive mixtures with water. E.g. white phosphorus" class="notheme mw-no-invert">2</a></div><div class="nfpa-704-diamond-white-text mw-no-invert"><a href="/wiki/NFPA_704#White" title="NFPA 704">W</a></div></div></div></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Chemical compound</div> <a href="/wiki/Acantharea" class="mw-redirect" title="Acantharea">Acantharea</a>, a relatively large group of marine <a href="/wiki/Radiolaria" title="Radiolaria">radiolarian</a> <a href="/wiki/Protozoa" title="Protozoa">protozoa</a>, produce intricate mineral <a href="/wiki/Skeleton" title="Skeleton">skeletons</a> composed of <a href="/wiki/Strontium_sulfate" title="Strontium sulfate">strontium sulfate</a>.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> In biological systems, calcium is substituted to a small extent by strontium.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> In the human body, most of the absorbed strontium is deposited in the bones. The ratio of strontium to calcium in human bones is between 1:1000 and 1:2000, roughly in the same range as in the blood serum.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Effect_on_the_human_body">Effect on the human body</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Strontium&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Effect on the human body">edit</a>]</div> The human body absorbs strontium as if it were its lighter congener calcium. Because the elements are chemically very similar, stable strontium isotopes do not pose a significant health threat. The average human has an intake of about two milligrams of strontium a day.<a href="#cite_note-nbb-84">[84]</a> In adults, strontium consumed tends to attach only to the surface of bones, but in children, strontium can replace calcium in the mineral of the growing bones and thus lead to bone growth problems.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Biological_half-life" title="Biological half-life">biological half-life</a> of strontium in humans has variously been reported as from 14 to 600 days,<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> 1,000 days,<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> 18 years,<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> 30 years<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> and, at an upper limit, 49 years.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> The wide-ranging published biological half-life figures are explained by strontium's complex metabolism within the body. However, by averaging all excretion paths, the overall biological half-life is estimated to be about 18 years.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> The elimination rate of strontium is strongly affected by age and sex, due to differences in <a href="/wiki/Bone_metabolism" class="mw-redirect" title="Bone metabolism">bone metabolism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ShaginaBougrov2006-93">[93]</a> The drug <a href="/wiki/Strontium_ranelate" title="Strontium ranelate">strontium ranelate</a> aids <a href="/wiki/Bone" title="Bone">bone</a> growth, increases bone density, and lessens the incidence of vertebral, peripheral, and hip <a href="/wiki/Bone_fracture" title="Bone fracture">fractures</a>.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> However, strontium ranelate also increases the risk of venous thromboembolism, pulmonary embolism, and serious cardiovascular disorders, including myocardial infarction. Its use is therefore now restricted.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> Its beneficial effects are also questionable, since the increased bone density is partially caused by the increased density of strontium over the calcium which it replaces. Strontium also <a href="/wiki/Bioaccumulation" title="Bioaccumulation">bioaccumulates</a> in the body.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> Despite restrictions on <a href="/wiki/Strontium_ranelate" title="Strontium ranelate">strontium ranelate</a>, strontium is still contained in some supplements.<a href="#cite_note-WebMD-Strontium-98">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-WebMD-StrontiumOsteoporosis-99">[99]</a> There is not much scientific evidence on risks of strontium chloride when taken by mouth. Those with a personal or family history of blood clotting disorders are advised to avoid strontium.<a href="#cite_note-WebMD-Strontium-98">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-WebMD-StrontiumOsteoporosis-99">[99]</a> Strontium has been shown to inhibit sensory irritation when applied topically to the skin.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> Topically applied, strontium has been shown to accelerate the recovery rate of the epidermal permeability barrier (skin barrier).<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nuclear_waste">Nuclear waste</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Strontium&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Nuclear waste">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Strontium-90" title="Strontium-90">Strontium-90</a></div> Strontium-90 is a <a href="/wiki/Radioactive" class="mw-redirect" title="Radioactive">radioactive</a> fission product produced by <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_reactors" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear reactors">nuclear reactors</a> used in <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power" title="Nuclear power">nuclear power</a>. It is a major component of high level radioactivity of <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_waste" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear waste">nuclear waste</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spent_nuclear_fuel" title="Spent nuclear fuel">spent nuclear fuel</a>. Its 29-year half life is short enough that its <a href="/wiki/Radioisotope_thermoelectric_generator" title="Radioisotope thermoelectric generator">decay heat has been used to power</a> arctic lighthouses, but long enough that it can take hundreds of years to decay to safe levels. Exposure from contaminated water and food may increase the risk of <a href="/wiki/Leukemia" title="Leukemia">leukemia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bone_cancer" class="mw-redirect" title="Bone cancer">bone cancer</a><a href="#cite_note-Potera-103">[103]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Primary_hyperparathyroidism" title="Primary hyperparathyroidism">primary hyperparathyroidism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Remediation">Remediation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Strontium&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Remediation">edit</a>]</div> Algae has shown selectivity for strontium in studies, where most plants used in <a href="/wiki/Bioremediation" title="Bioremediation">bioremediation</a> have not shown selectivity between calcium and strontium, often becoming saturated with calcium, which is greater in quantity and also present in nuclear waste.<a href="#cite_note-Potera-103">[103]</a> Researchers have looked at the bioaccumulation of strontium by <a href="/wiki/Scenedesmus" title="Scenedesmus">Scenedesmus spinosus</a> (<a href="/wiki/Algae" title="Algae">algae</a>) in simulated wastewater. The study claims a highly selective <a href="/wiki/Biosorption" title="Biosorption">biosorption</a> capacity for strontium of S. spinosus, suggesting that it may be appropriate for use in treating nuclear wastewater.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> A study of the pond alga <a href="/wiki/Closterium" title="Closterium">Closterium moniliferum</a> using non-radioactive strontium found that varying the ratio of <a href="/wiki/Barium" title="Barium">barium</a> to strontium in water improved strontium selectivity.<a href="#cite_note-Potera-103">[103]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Strontium&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portal</a>:<ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Papapishu-Lab-icon-6.svg/19px-Papapishu-Lab-icon-6.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Papapishu-Lab-icon-6.svg/29px-Papapishu-Lab-icon-6.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Papapishu-Lab-icon-6.svg/38px-Papapishu-Lab-icon-6.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Chemistry" title="Portal:Chemistry">Chemistry</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Strontium&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> Greenwood and Earnshaw, p. 112 </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ciaaw.org/strontium.htm">"Standard Atomic Weights: Strontium"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Commission_on_Isotopic_Abundances_and_Atomic_Weights" title="Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights">CIAAW</a>. 1969.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Standard+Atomic+Weights%3A+Strontium&rft.pub=CIAAW&rft.date=1969&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ciaaw.org%2Fstrontium.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrontium" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CIAAW2021-3"><a href="#cite_ref-CIAAW2021_3-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite 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Retrieved 18 June 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Strontium+%26%23124%3B+Radiation+Protection+%26%23124%3B+US+EPA&rft.pub=EPA&rft.date=2012-04-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epa.gov%2Frpdweb00%2Fradionuclides%2Fstrontium.html%23environment&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrontium" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-OECD02-Ch1-26"><a href="#cite_ref-OECD02-Ch1_26-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oecd-nea.org/rp/reports/2003/nea3508-chernobyl.pdf">"Chernobyl: Assessment of Radiological and Health Impact, 2002 update; Chapter I – The site and accident sequence"</a> (PDF). OECD-NEA. 2002. Retrieved 3 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chernobyl%3A+Assessment+of+Radiological+and+Health+Impact%2C+2002+update%3B+Chapter+I+%E2%80%93+The+site+and+accident+sequence&rft.pub=OECD-NEA&rft.date=2002&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oecd-nea.org%2Frp%2Freports%2F2003%2Fnea3508-chernobyl.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrontium" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurray,_W._H.1977" class="citation book cs1">Murray, W. H. (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/companionguideto00murr">The Companion Guide to the West Highlands of Scotland</a>. London: Collins. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-00-211135-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-00-211135-5"><bdi>978-0-00-211135-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Companion+Guide+to+the+West+Highlands+of+Scotland&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Collins&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=978-0-00-211135-5&rft.au=Murray%2C+W.+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcompanionguideto00murr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrontium" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrawford1790" class="citation journal cs1">Crawford, Adair (1790). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bHI_AAAAcAAJ&pg=P301">"On the medicinal properties of the muriated barytes"</a>. Medical Communications. 2: 301–59.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Medical+Communications&rft.atitle=On+the+medicinal+properties+of+the+muriated+barytes&rft.volume=2&rft.pages=301-59&rft.date=1790&rft.aulast=Crawford&rft.aufirst=Adair&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbHI_AAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DP301&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrontium" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSulzerBlumenbach1791" class="citation journal cs1">Sulzer, Friedrich Gabriel; Blumenbach, Johann Friedrich (1791). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gCY7AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA433">"Über den Strontianit, ein Schottisches Foßil, das ebenfalls eine neue Grunderde zu enthalten scheint"</a>. Bergmännisches Journal: 433–36.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bergm%C3%A4nnisches+Journal&rft.atitle=%C3%9Cber+den+Strontianit%2C+ein+Schottisches+Fo%C3%9Fil%2C+das+ebenfalls+eine+neue+Grunderde+zu+enthalten+scheint&rft.pages=433-36&rft.date=1791&rft.aulast=Sulzer&rft.aufirst=Friedrich+Gabriel&rft.au=Blumenbach%2C+Johann+Friedrich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgCY7AAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPA433&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrontium" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chem.ed.ac.uk/about-us/history/professors/thomas-charles-hope">"Thomas Charles Hope, MD, FRSE, FRS (1766-1844) - School of Chemistry"</a>. www.chem.ed.ac.uk. 16 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.chem.ed.ac.uk&rft.atitle=Thomas+Charles+Hope%2C+MD%2C+FRSE%2C+FRS+%281766-1844%29+-+School+of+Chemistry&rft.date=2024-02-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chem.ed.ac.uk%2Fabout-us%2Fhistory%2Fprofessors%2Fthomas-charles-hope&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrontium" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDoyle,_W.P." class="citation web cs1">Doyle, W.P. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130602122314/http://www.chem.ed.ac.uk/about/professors/hope.html">"Thomas Charles Hope, MD, FRSE, FRS (1766–1844)"</a>. The University of Edinburgh. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chem.ed.ac.uk/about/professors/hope.html">the original</a> on 2 June 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Thomas+Charles+Hope%2C+MD%2C+FRSE%2C+FRS+%281766%E2%80%931844%29&rft.pub=The+University+of+Edinburgh&rft.au=Doyle%2C+W.P.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chem.ed.ac.uk%2Fabout%2Fprofessors%2Fhope.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrontium" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> Although Thomas C. Hope had investigated strontium ores since 1791, his research was published in: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHope1798" class="citation journal cs1">Hope, Thomas Charles (1798). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5TEeAQAAMAAJ&pg=RA1-PA3">"Account of a mineral from Strontian and of a particular species of earth which it contains"</a>. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. 4 (2): 3–39. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0080456800030726">10.1017/S0080456800030726</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:251579302">251579302</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+Royal+Society+of+Edinburgh&rft.atitle=Account+of+a+mineral+from+Strontian+and+of+a+particular+species+of+earth+which+it+contains&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=3-39&rft.date=1798&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0080456800030726&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A251579302%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Hope&rft.aufirst=Thomas+Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5TEeAQAAMAAJ%26pg%3DRA1-PA3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrontium" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurray,_T.1993" class="citation journal cs1">Murray, T. (1993). "Elementary Scots: The Discovery of Strontium". Scottish Medical Journal. 38 (6): 188–89. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F003693309303800611">10.1177/003693309303800611</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8146640">8146640</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:20396691">20396691</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scottish+Medical+Journal&rft.atitle=Elementary+Scots%3A+The+Discovery+of+Strontium&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=188-89&rft.date=1993&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A20396691%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F8146640&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F003693309303800611&rft.au=Murray%2C+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrontium" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHope1794" class="citation journal cs1">Hope, Thomas Charles (1794). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7StFAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA143">"Account of a mineral from Strontian and of a particular species of earth which it contains"</a>. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. 3 (2): 141–49. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0080456800020275">10.1017/S0080456800020275</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:251579281">251579281</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+Royal+Society+of+Edinburgh&rft.atitle=Account+of+a+mineral+from+Strontian+and+of+a+particular+species+of+earth+which+it+contains&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=141-49&rft.date=1794&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0080456800020275&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A251579281%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Hope&rft.aufirst=Thomas+Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7StFAAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPA143&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrontium" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavy1808" class="citation journal cs1">Davy, H. (1808). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gpwEAAAAYAAJ&pg=102">"Electro-chemical researches on the decomposition of the earths; with observations on the metals obtained from the alkaline earths, and on the amalgam procured from ammonia"</a>. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 98: 333–70. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1808RSPT...98..333D">1808RSPT...98..333D</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frstl.1808.0023">10.1098/rstl.1808.0023</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:96364168">96364168</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philosophical+Transactions+of+the+Royal+Society+of+London&rft.atitle=Electro-chemical+researches+on+the+decomposition+of+the+earths%3B+with+observations+on+the+metals+obtained+from+the+alkaline+earths%2C+and+on+the+amalgam+procured+from+ammonia&rft.volume=98&rft.pages=333-70&rft.date=1808&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A96364168%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frstl.1808.0023&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1808RSPT...98..333D&rft.aulast=Davy&rft.aufirst=H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgpwEAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3D102&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrontium" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylor,_Stuart2008" class="citation web cs1">Taylor, Stuart (19 June 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090113005443/http://www.lochaber-news.co.uk/news/fullstory.php/aid/2644/Strontian_gets_set_for_anniversary.html">"Strontian gets set for anniversary"</a>. Lochaber News. Archived from the original on 13 January 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Strontian+gets+set+for+anniversary&rft.pub=Lochaber+News&rft.date=2008-06-19&rft.au=Taylor%2C+Stuart&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lochaber-news.co.uk%2Fnews%2Ffullstory.php%2Faid%2F2644%2FStrontian_gets_set_for_anniversary.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrontium" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeeks,_Mary_Elvira1932" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mary_Elvira_Weeks" title="Mary Elvira Weeks">Weeks, Mary Elvira</a> (1932). "The discovery of the elements: X. The alkaline earth metals and magnesium and cadmium". Journal of Chemical Education. 9 (6): 1046–57. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1932JChEd...9.1046W">1932JChEd...9.1046W</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fed009p1046">10.1021/ed009p1046</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Education&rft.atitle=The+discovery+of+the+elements%3A+X.+The+alkaline+earth+metals+and+magnesium+and+cadmium&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=1046-57&rft.date=1932&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fed009p1046&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1932JChEd...9.1046W&rft.au=Weeks%2C+Mary+Elvira&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrontium" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPartington1942" class="citation journal cs1">Partington, J. R. (1942). "The early history of strontium". Annals of Science. 5 (2): 157. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00033794200201411">10.1080/00033794200201411</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Science&rft.atitle=The+early+history+of+strontium&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=157&rft.date=1942&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00033794200201411&rft.aulast=Partington&rft.aufirst=J.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrontium" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPartington1951" class="citation journal cs1">Partington, J. R. (1951). "The early history of strontium. Part II". Annals of Science. 7: 95. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00033795100202211">10.1080/00033795100202211</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Science&rft.atitle=The+early+history+of+strontium.+Part+II&rft.volume=7&rft.pages=95&rft.date=1951&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00033795100202211&rft.aulast=Partington&rft.aufirst=J.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrontium" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> Many other early investigators examined strontium ore, among them: (1) Martin Heinrich Klaproth, "Chemische Versuche über die Strontianerde" (Chemical experiments on strontian ore), Crell's Annalen (September 1793) no. ii, pp. 189–202 ; and "Nachtrag zu den Versuchen über die Strontianerde" (Addition to the Experiments on Strontian Ore), Crell's Annalen (February 1794) no. i, p. 99 ; also (2) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKirwan1794" class="citation journal cs1">Kirwan, Richard (1794). "Experiments on a new earth found near Stronthian in Scotland". 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H. P (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-vd_cn4K8NUC&pg=PA341">"strontium saccharate process"</a>. Manufacture of Sugar from the Cane and Beet. 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British Medical Journal. 1 (5591): 566. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fbmj.1.5591.566">10.1136/bmj.1.5591.566</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1985251">1985251</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=British+Medical+Journal&rft.atitle=Strontium+Comes+of+Age&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=5591&rft.pages=566&rft.date=1968&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1985251%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1136%2Fbmj.1.5591.566&rft.aulast=Nordin&rft.aufirst=B.+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1985251&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrontium" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTurekianWedepohl1961" class="citation journal cs1">Turekian, K. 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The New England Journal of Medicine. 365 (7): 676–8. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1056%2FNEJMc1104982">10.1056/NEJMc1104982</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21848480">21848480</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+England+Journal+of+Medicine&rft.atitle=The+parathyroid+as+a+target+for+radiation+damage.&rft.volume=365&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=676-8&rft.date=2011-08-18&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1056%2FNEJMc1104982&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21848480&rft.aulast=Boehm&rft.aufirst=BO&rft.au=Rosinger%2C+S&rft.au=Belyi%2C+D&rft.au=Dietrich%2C+JW&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1056%252FNEJMc1104982&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrontium" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiuDongKangSun2014" class="citation journal cs1">Liu, Mingxue; Dong, Faqin; Kang, Wu; Sun, Shiyong; Wei, Hongfu; Zhang, Wei; Nie, Xiaoqin; Guo, Yuting; Huang, Ting; Liu, Yuanyuan (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4078568">"Biosorption of Strontium from Simulated Nuclear Wastewater by Scenedesmus spinosus under Culture Conditions: Adsorption and Bioaccumulation Processes and Models"</a>. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 11 (6): 6099–6118. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fijerph110606099">10.3390/ijerph110606099</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4078568">4078568</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24919131">24919131</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Int+J+Environ+Res+Public+Health&rft.atitle=Biosorption+of+Strontium+from+Simulated+Nuclear+Wastewater+by+Scenedesmus+spinosus+under+Culture+Conditions%3A+Adsorption+and+Bioaccumulation+Processes+and+Models&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=6099-6118&rft.date=2014&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4078568%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24919131&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3390%2Fijerph110606099&rft.aulast=Liu&rft.aufirst=Mingxue&rft.au=Dong%2C+Faqin&rft.au=Kang%2C+Wu&rft.au=Sun%2C+Shiyong&rft.au=Wei%2C+Hongfu&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Wei&rft.au=Nie%2C+Xiaoqin&rft.au=Guo%2C+Yuting&rft.au=Huang%2C+Ting&rft.au=Liu%2C+Yuanyuan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4078568&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrontium" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Strontium&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreenwoodEarnshaw1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Norman_Greenwood" title="Norman Greenwood">Greenwood, Norman N.</a>; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). <a href="/wiki/Butterworth-Heinemann" title="Butterworth-Heinemann">Butterworth-Heinemann</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-08-037941-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-08-037941-8"><bdi>978-0-08-037941-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chemistry+of+the+Elements&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Butterworth-Heinemann&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-08-037941-8&rft.aulast=Greenwood&rft.aufirst=Norman+N.&rft.au=Earnshaw%2C+Alan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStrontium" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Strontium&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output 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Videos">The Periodic Table of Videos</a> (University of Nottingham)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Alkaline_earth_metal" title="Alkaline earth metal">2</a> </th> <td colspan="14"> </td> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Group_3_element" title="Group 3 element">3</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Group_4_element" title="Group 4 element">4</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Group_5_element" title="Group 5 element">5</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Group_6_element" title="Group 6 element">6</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Group_7_element" title="Group 7 element">7</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Group_8_element" title="Group 8 element">8</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Group_9_element" title="Group 9 element">9</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Group_10_element" title="Group 10 element">10</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Group_11_element" title="Group 11 element">11</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Group_12_element" title="Group 12 element">12</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Boron_group" title="Boron group">13</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Carbon_group" title="Carbon group">14</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Pnictogen" title="Pnictogen">15</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Chalcogen" title="Chalcogen">16</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen">17</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Noble_gas" title="Noble gas">18</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Period_1_element" title="Period 1 element">1</a> </th> <td title="H, Hydrogen" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen">H</a> </td> <td colspan="30"> </td> <td title="He, Helium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">He</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Period_2_element" title="Period 2 element">2</a> </th> <td title="Li, Lithium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium">Li</a> </td> <td title="Be, Beryllium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Beryllium" title="Beryllium">Be</a> </td> <td colspan="24"> </td> <td title="B, Boron" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Boron" title="Boron">B</a> </td> <td title="C, Carbon" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon">C</a> </td> <td title="N, Nitrogen" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">N</a> </td> <td title="O, Oxygen" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">O</a> </td> <td title="F, Fluorine" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Fluorine" title="Fluorine">F</a> </td> <td title="Ne, Neon" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">Ne</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Period_3_element" title="Period 3 element">3</a> </th> <td title="Na, Sodium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Sodium" title="Sodium">Na</a> </td> <td title="Mg, Magnesium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">Mg</a> </td> <td colspan="24"> </td> <td title="Al, Aluminium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">Al</a> </td> <td title="Si, Silicon" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Silicon" title="Silicon">Si</a> </td> <td title="P, Phosphorus" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Phosphorus" title="Phosphorus">P</a> </td> <td title="S, Sulfur" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Sulfur" title="Sulfur">S</a> </td> <td title="Cl, Chlorine" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Chlorine" title="Chlorine">Cl</a> </td> <td title="Ar, Argon" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">Ar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Period_4_element" title="Period 4 element">4</a> </th> <td title="K, Potassium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Potassium" title="Potassium">K</a> </td> <td title="Ca, Calcium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Calcium" title="Calcium">Ca</a> </td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td title="Sc, Scandium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Scandium" title="Scandium">Sc</a> </td> <td title="Ti, Titanium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Titanium" title="Titanium">Ti</a> </td> <td title="V, Vanadium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium">V</a> </td> <td title="Cr, Chromium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Chromium" title="Chromium">Cr</a> </td> <td title="Mn, Manganese" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese">Mn</a> </td> <td title="Fe, Iron" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">Fe</a> </td> <td title="Co, Cobalt" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Cobalt" title="Cobalt">Co</a> </td> <td title="Ni, Nickel" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Nickel" title="Nickel">Ni</a> </td> <td title="Cu, Copper" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">Cu</a> </td> <td title="Zn, Zinc" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc">Zn</a> </td> <td title="Ga, Gallium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Gallium" title="Gallium">Ga</a> </td> <td title="Ge, Germanium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium">Ge</a> </td> <td title="As, Arsenic" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Arsenic" title="Arsenic">As</a> </td> <td title="Se, Selenium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Selenium" title="Selenium">Se</a> </td> <td title="Br, Bromine" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Bromine" title="Bromine">Br</a> </td> <td title="Kr, Krypton" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Krypton" title="Krypton">Kr</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Period_5_element" title="Period 5 element">5</a> </th> <td title="Rb, Rubidium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium">Rb</a> </td> <td title="Sr, Strontium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:3px solid black; ;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sr</a> </td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td title="Y, Yttrium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium">Y</a> </td> <td title="Zr, Zirconium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Zirconium" title="Zirconium">Zr</a> </td> <td title="Nb, Niobium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium">Nb</a> </td> <td title="Mo, Molybdenum" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Molybdenum" title="Molybdenum">Mo</a> </td> <td title="Tc, Technetium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Technetium" title="Technetium">Tc</a> </td> <td title="Ru, Ruthenium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium">Ru</a> </td> <td title="Rh, Rhodium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Rhodium" title="Rhodium">Rh</a> </td> <td title="Pd, Palladium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Palladium" title="Palladium">Pd</a> </td> <td title="Ag, Silver" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Silver" title="Silver">Ag</a> </td> <td title="Cd, Cadmium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Cadmium" title="Cadmium">Cd</a> </td> <td title="In, Indium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Indium" title="Indium">In</a> </td> <td title="Sn, Tin" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tin" title="Tin">Sn</a> </td> <td title="Sb, Antimony" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Antimony" title="Antimony">Sb</a> </td> <td title="Te, Tellurium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tellurium" title="Tellurium">Te</a> </td> <td title="I, Iodine" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Iodine" title="Iodine">I</a> </td> <td title="Xe, Xenon" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">Xe</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Period_6_element" title="Period 6 element">6</a> </th> <td title="Cs, Caesium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Caesium" title="Caesium">Cs</a> </td> <td title="Ba, Barium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Barium" title="Barium">Ba</a> </td> <td title="La, Lanthanum" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Lanthanum" title="Lanthanum">La</a> </td> <td title="Ce, Cerium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Cerium" title="Cerium">Ce</a> </td> <td title="Pr, Praseodymium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Praseodymium" title="Praseodymium">Pr</a> </td> <td title="Nd, Neodymium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Neodymium" title="Neodymium">Nd</a> </td> <td title="Pm, Promethium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Promethium" title="Promethium">Pm</a> </td> <td title="Sm, Samarium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Samarium" title="Samarium">Sm</a> </td> <td title="Eu, Europium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Europium" title="Europium">Eu</a> </td> <td title="Gd, Gadolinium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium">Gd</a> </td> <td title="Tb, Terbium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Terbium" title="Terbium">Tb</a> </td> <td title="Dy, Dysprosium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Dysprosium" title="Dysprosium">Dy</a> </td> <td title="Ho, Holmium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Holmium" title="Holmium">Ho</a> </td> <td title="Er, Erbium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium">Er</a> </td> <td title="Tm, Thulium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Thulium" title="Thulium">Tm</a> </td> <td title="Yb, Ytterbium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Ytterbium" title="Ytterbium">Yb</a> </td> <td title="Lu, Lutetium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Lutetium" title="Lutetium">Lu</a> </td> <td title="Hf, Hafnium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium">Hf</a> </td> <td title="Ta, Tantalum" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tantalum" title="Tantalum">Ta</a> </td> <td title="W, Tungsten" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tungsten" title="Tungsten">W</a> </td> <td title="Re, Rhenium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Rhenium" title="Rhenium">Re</a> </td> <td title="Os, Osmium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium">Os</a> </td> <td title="Ir, Iridium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Iridium" title="Iridium">Ir</a> </td> <td title="Pt, Platinum" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Platinum" title="Platinum">Pt</a> </td> <td title="Au, Gold" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">Au</a> </td> <td title="Hg, Mercury" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Mercury_(element)" title="Mercury (element)">Hg</a> </td> <td title="Tl, Thallium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Thallium" title="Thallium">Tl</a> </td> <td title="Pb, Lead" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Lead" title="Lead">Pb</a> </td> <td title="Bi, Bismuth" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Bismuth" title="Bismuth">Bi</a> </td> <td title="Po, Polonium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium">Po</a> </td> <td title="At, Astatine" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Astatine" title="Astatine">At</a> </td> <td title="Rn, Radon" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon">Rn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Period_7_element" title="Period 7 element">7</a> </th> <td title="Fr, Francium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Francium" title="Francium">Fr</a> </td> <td title="Ra, Radium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Radium" title="Radium">Ra</a> </td> <td title="Ac, Actinium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Actinium" title="Actinium">Ac</a> </td> <td title="Th, Thorium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Thorium" title="Thorium">Th</a> </td> <td title="Pa, Protactinium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Protactinium" title="Protactinium">Pa</a> </td> <td title="U, Uranium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">U</a> </td> <td title="Np, Neptunium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Neptunium" title="Neptunium">Np</a> </td> <td title="Pu, Plutonium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium">Pu</a> </td> <td title="Am, Americium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Americium" title="Americium">Am</a> </td> <td title="Cm, Curium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Curium" title="Curium">Cm</a> </td> <td title="Bk, Berkelium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Berkelium" title="Berkelium">Bk</a> </td> <td title="Cf, Californium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Californium" title="Californium">Cf</a> </td> <td title="Es, Einsteinium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Einsteinium" title="Einsteinium">Es</a> </td> <td title="Fm, Fermium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium">Fm</a> </td> <td title="Md, Mendelevium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Mendelevium" title="Mendelevium">Md</a> </td> <td title="No, Nobelium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Nobelium" title="Nobelium">No</a> </td> <td title="Lr, Lawrencium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Lawrencium" title="Lawrencium">Lr</a> </td> <td title="Rf, Rutherfordium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Rutherfordium" title="Rutherfordium">Rf</a> </td> <td title="Db, Dubnium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Dubnium" title="Dubnium">Db</a> </td> <td title="Sg, Seaborgium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Seaborgium" title="Seaborgium">Sg</a> </td> <td title="Bh, Bohrium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Bohrium" title="Bohrium">Bh</a> </td> <td title="Hs, Hassium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Hassium" title="Hassium">Hs</a> </td> <td title="Mt, Meitnerium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Meitnerium" title="Meitnerium">Mt</a> </td> <td title="Ds, Darmstadtium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Darmstadtium" title="Darmstadtium">Ds</a> </td> <td title="Rg, Roentgenium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Roentgenium" title="Roentgenium">Rg</a> </td> <td title="Cn, Copernicium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Copernicium" title="Copernicium">Cn</a> </td> <td title="Nh, Nihonium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Nihonium" title="Nihonium">Nh</a> </td> <td title="Fl, Flerovium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Flerovium" title="Flerovium">Fl</a> </td> <td title="Mc, Moscovium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Moscovium" title="Moscovium">Mc</a> </td> <td title="Lv, Livermorium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium">Lv</a> </td> <td title="Ts, Tennessine" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tennessine" title="Tennessine">Ts</a> </td> <td title="Og, Oganesson" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Oganesson" title="Oganesson">Og</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div role="presentation" id="periodic-table-legend" style="border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; width:100%; line-height:120%; text-align:center; vertical-align:top; background:#f8f8f8; margin:0; margin:0;"><div style="padding:0.3em;"> <table style="width:100%; line-height:1.2em; table-layout:fixed; overflow:hidden; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#ff9999;"><a href="/wiki/S-block" class="mw-redirect" title="S-block">s-block</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#9bff99;"><a href="/wiki/F-block" class="mw-redirect" title="F-block">f-block</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#99ccff;"><a href="/wiki/D-block" class="mw-redirect" title="D-block">d-block</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#fdff8c;"><a href="/wiki/P-block" class="mw-redirect" title="P-block">p-block</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Strontium_compounds" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Strontium_compounds" title="Template:Strontium compounds"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Strontium_compounds" title="Template 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<li><a href="/wiki/Strontium_acetate" title="Strontium acetate">Sr(C2H4O2)2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strontium_chloride" title="Strontium chloride">SrCl2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strontium_chlorate" title="Strontium chlorate">Sr(ClO3)2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strontium_chromate" title="Strontium chromate">SrCrO4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strontium_fluoride" title="Strontium fluoride">SrF2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strontium_iodide" title="Strontium iodide">SrI2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strontium_lactate" title="Strontium lactate">C 6H 10O 6Sr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strontium_nitrate" title="Strontium nitrate">Sr(NO3)2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strontium_oxide" title="Strontium oxide">SrO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strontium_peroxide" title="Strontium peroxide">SrO2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strontium_phosphide" title="Strontium phosphide">Sr3P2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strontium_hydroxide" title="Strontium hydroxide">Sr(OH)2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strontium_stearate" title="Strontium stearate">C 36H 70SrO 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strontium_sulfide" title="Strontium sulfide">SrS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strontium_selenide" title="Strontium selenide">SrSe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strontium_sulfate" title="Strontium sulfate">SrSO4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strontium_titanate" title="Strontium titanate">SrTiO3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strontium_nitride" title="Strontium nitride">Sr3N2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monostrontium_ruthenate" title="Monostrontium ruthenate">SrRuO3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distrontium_ruthenate" title="Distrontium ruthenate">Sr2RuO4</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Alkaline_earth_metals" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Alkaline_earth_metals" title="Template:Alkaline earth metals"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Alkaline_earth_metals" title="Template talk:Alkaline earth metals"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Alkaline_earth_metals" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Alkaline earth metals"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Alkaline_earth_metals" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Alkaline_earth_metal" title="Alkaline earth metal">Alkaline earth metals</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:5em;">   </td><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;text-align:center;width:16%;"><div> <a href="/wiki/Beryllium" title="Beryllium">Beryllium</a> Be Atomic Number: 4 Atomic Weight: 9.012182 Melting Point: 1560.15 K Boiling Point: 2742 K Specific mass: 1.85 g/cm3 Electronegativity: 1.57 </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:16%;"><div> <a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">Magnesium</a> Mg Atomic Number: 12 Atomic Weight: 24.3050 Melting Point: 923.15 K Boiling Point: 1363 K Specific mass: 1.738 g/cm3 Electronegativity: 1.31 </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:16%;"><div> <a href="/wiki/Calcium" title="Calcium">Calcium</a> Ca Atomic Number: 20 Atomic Weight: 40.078 Melting Point: 1112.15 K Boiling Point: 1757 K Specific mass: 1.54 g/cm3 Electronegativity: 1 </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:16%;"><div> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Strontium</a> Sr Atomic Number: 38 Atomic Weight: 87.62 Melting Point: 1042.15 K Boiling Point: 1655 K Specific mass: 2.64 g/cm3 Electronegativity: 0.95 </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:16%;"><div> <a href="/wiki/Barium" title="Barium">Barium</a> Ba Atomic Number: 56 Atomic Weight: 137.327 Melting Point: 1002.15 K Boiling Point: 2170 K Specific mass: 3.594 g/cm3 Electronegativity: 0.89 </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:16%;"><div> <a href="/wiki/Radium" title="Radium">Radium</a> Ra Atomic Number: 88 Atomic Weight: [226] Melting Point: 973.15 K Boiling Point: 2010 K Specific mass: 5.5 g/cm3 Electronegativity: 0.9 </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" 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