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href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anghel_Saligny" title="Anghel Saligny – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Anghel Saligny" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anghel_Saligny" title="Anghel Saligny – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Anghel Saligny" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anghel_Saligny" title="Anghel Saligny – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Anghel Saligny" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anghel_Saligny" title="Anghel Saligny – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Anghel Saligny" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anghel_Saligny" title="Anghel Saligny – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Anghel Saligny" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anghel_Saligny" title="Anghel Saligny – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Anghel Saligny" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a 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.navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Anghel Saligny</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Anghel_Saligny_-_Foto01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Anghel_Saligny_-_Foto01.jpg/220px-Anghel_Saligny_-_Foto01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="306" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/Anghel_Saligny_-_Foto01.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="348" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1854-04-19</span>)</span>April 19, 1854<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Lie%C8%99ti" title="Liești">Șerbănești</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tecuci_County" title="Tecuci County">Tecuci County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moldavia" title="Moldavia">Moldavia</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">June 17, 1925<span style="display:none">(1925-06-17)</span> (aged 71)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Romania" title="Kingdom of Romania">Kingdom of Romania</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Citizenship</th><td class="infobox-data category"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Moldavia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Moldavia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Moldavia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Moldavia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Moldavia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Moldavia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Moldavia" title="Moldavia">Moldavia</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Romania" title="Kingdom of Romania">Kingdom of Romania</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role">engineer, professor<br />President of the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Academy" title="Romanian Academy">Romanian Academy</a> (1907-1910)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Board member of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Academy" title="Romanian Academy">Romanian Academy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Tereza Kohna (Sept. 1876)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data">Alfred Saligny</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data">brother - <a href="/wiki/Alfons_Oscar_Saligny" title="Alfons Oscar Saligny">Alfons Oscar Saligny</a>, chemist, corresponding member of the Romanian Academy</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> <b>Anghel Saligny</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Romanian pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ro-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Romanian" title="Help:IPA/Romanian">[ˈaŋɡel<span class="wrap"> </span>saˈliɲi]</a></span>; 19 April 1854, <a href="/wiki/Lie%C8%99ti" title="Liești">Șerbănești</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moldavia" title="Moldavia">Moldavia</a> – 17 June 1925, <a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Romania" title="Kingdom of Romania">Romania</a>) was a <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romanian</a> engineer, most famous for designing the <a href="/wiki/Anghel_Saligny_Bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Anghel Saligny Bridge">Fetești-Cernavodă railway bridge</a> (1895) over the <a href="/wiki/Danube" title="Danube">Danube</a>, the longest bridge in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> at that time. He also designed the storage facilities in <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Constan%C8%9Ba" title="Port of Constanța">Constanța seaport</a>, one of the earliest examples of reinforced concrete architecture in Europe. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anghel_Saligny&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Anghel_Saligny_statue.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Anghel_Saligny_statue.JPG/220px-Anghel_Saligny_statue.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Anghel_Saligny_statue.JPG/330px-Anghel_Saligny_statue.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Anghel_Saligny_statue.JPG/440px-Anghel_Saligny_statue.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>Statue of Anghel Saligny made by <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Han" title="Oscar Han">Oscar Han</a>, overlooking the port of <a href="/wiki/Constan%C8%9Ba" title="Constanța">Constanța</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Saligny was born in <a href="/wiki/Lie%C8%99ti" title="Liești">Șerbănești</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tecuci_County" title="Tecuci County">Tecuci County</a> (nowadays, <a href="/wiki/Gala%C8%9Bi_County" title="Galați County">Galați County</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-memory_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-memory-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His father, Alfred Saligny, an educator of French descent, was an immigrant to <a href="/wiki/Moldavia" title="Moldavia">Moldavia</a>, coming from <a href="/wiki/Prussia" title="Prussia">Prussia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-memory_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-memory-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He started his studies at the boarding school founded by his father in <a href="/wiki/Foc%C8%99ani" title="Focșani">Focșani</a>, then went on to high school, initially <a href="/wiki/Unirea_National_College_(Foc%C8%99ani)" title="Unirea National College (Focșani)">also in Focșani</a> and then in <a href="/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam">Potsdam</a>, Germany. He pursued engineering studies at the <a href="/wiki/Technische_Hochschule" title="Technische Hochschule">Technische Hochschule</a> in Charlottenburg (now <a href="/wiki/Technische_Universit%C3%A4t_Berlin" title="Technische Universität Berlin">Technische Universität Berlin</a>), and then contributed to the construction of railways in <a href="/wiki/Saxony" title="Saxony">Saxony</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cottbus" title="Cottbus">Cottbus</a>-<a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_an_der_Oder" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankfurt an der Oder">Frankfurt an der Oder</a>). He was a founding member of the Bucharest Polytechnic Society (the precursor of today's <a href="/wiki/Politehnica_University_of_Bucharest" title="Politehnica University of Bucharest">Politehnica University of Bucharest</a>) and was even appointed Minister of Public Works. In 1892, he was elected a <a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Romanian_Academy" title="List of members of the Romanian Academy">member of the Romanian Academy</a>, and he served as its president between 1907 and 1910. </p><p>Anghel Saligny's brother <a href="/wiki/Alfons_Oscar_Saligny" title="Alfons Oscar Saligny">Alfons Oscar Saligny</a> was a chemist and educator who was also elected a member of the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Academy" title="Romanian Academy">Romanian Academy</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anghel_Saligny&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Silozurile_Anghel_Saligny_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Silozurile_Anghel_Saligny_02.jpg/220px-Silozurile_Anghel_Saligny_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Silozurile_Anghel_Saligny_02.jpg/330px-Silozurile_Anghel_Saligny_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Silozurile_Anghel_Saligny_02.jpg/440px-Silozurile_Anghel_Saligny_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="506" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Constan%C8%9Ba" title="Constanța">Constanța</a> silos</figcaption></figure> <p>In all of his works (bridges, roads, silos, ports etc.), new elements are to be found. Some of them were considered great technological advances at the time. </p><p>Saligny drew the plans for the <a href="/wiki/Adjud" title="Adjud">Adjud</a>–<a href="/wiki/T%C3%A2rgu_Ocna" title="Târgu Ocna">Târgu Ocna</a> railway, which included the first mixed-use (railway and highway) bridges in Romania (1881–1882). He was also involved in the construction of numerous other metallic bridges, such as the one at <a href="/wiki/Cosme%C8%99ti,_Gala%C8%9Bi" title="Cosmești, Galați">Cosmești</a> over the <a href="/wiki/Siret_(river)" title="Siret (river)">Siret River</a>, which measured 430 m (1,410 ft) in length. </p><p>Between 1884 and 1889, Saligny planned and built the first silos in the world made of reinforced concrete, which are preserved today in <a href="/wiki/Constan%C8%9Ba" title="Constanța">Constanța</a>, <a href="/wiki/Br%C4%83ila" title="Brăila">Brăila</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gala%C8%9Bi" title="Galați">Galați</a>. In the port of Constanța, he designed a special pool for oil export and two silos for grain export. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Podul_Regele_Carol_I.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Podul_Regele_Carol_I.jpg/250px-Podul_Regele_Carol_I.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Podul_Regele_Carol_I.jpg/375px-Podul_Regele_Carol_I.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Podul_Regele_Carol_I.jpg/500px-Podul_Regele_Carol_I.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>King Carol I bridge at its inauguration</figcaption></figure> <p>Saligny's most important work was the <a href="/wiki/King_Carol_I_Bridge" title="King Carol I Bridge">King Carol I Bridge</a> over the Danube at <a href="/wiki/Cernavod%C4%83" title="Cernavodă">Cernavodă</a>. Although a public offer had been made by the Romanian government for the erection of a bridge in that location, all projects were found to be subpar and subsequently rejected. Taking Saligny's previous experience into account, the Romanian government hired him and gave him the daunting (at the time) task of drawing up the plans for the new structure. Construction work for the bridge started 26 November 1890, in the presence of <a href="/wiki/King_of_Romania" title="King of Romania">King</a> <a href="/wiki/Carol_I_of_Romania" title="Carol I of Romania">Carol I of Romania</a>. The bridge has five openings, with four being 140 m (460 ft) wide, and the central one spanning 190 m (620 ft). To allow ships to pass under the bridge, it was raised 30 m (98 ft) above the water. The endurance test was performed on the official opening day, when a convoy of locomotives drove on it at 85 km/h (53 mph). The bridge at Cernavodă measures 4,037 m (13,245 ft) in length, with 1,662 m (5,453 ft) over the Danube, and 920 m (3,020 ft) over the Borcea Arm. At the time, it was the longest bridge in Europe, and the second longest bridge in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-ToksozKolluoğlu2014_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ToksozKolluoğlu2014-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The structure was famous for its era, competing with <a href="/wiki/Gustave_Eiffel" title="Gustave Eiffel">Gustave Eiffel</a>'s engineering works in <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>—the <a href="/wiki/Garabit_viaduct" title="Garabit viaduct">Garabit viaduct</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Eiffel_Tower" title="Eiffel Tower">Eiffel Tower</a> in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Brief_presentation">Brief presentation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anghel_Saligny&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Brief presentation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Studies">Studies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anghel_Saligny&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Studies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:8._The_Technische_Hochschule_in_Charlottenburg,_Berlin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/8._The_Technische_Hochschule_in_Charlottenburg%2C_Berlin.jpg" decoding="async" width="184" height="185" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="184" data-file-height="185" /></a><figcaption>The <i>Technische Hochschule</i> in Charlottenburg, Berlin</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>the primary classes at the pension in <a href="/wiki/Foc%C5%9Fani" class="mw-redirect" title="Focşani">Focşani</a> of his father - Alfred Saligny, pedagogue of French origin from <a href="/wiki/Alsace" title="Alsace">Alsace</a>, settled in Romania;<sup id="cite_ref-icr_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-icr-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>secondary school studies at the future <i>Unirea</i> high school in <a href="/wiki/Foc%C5%9Fani" class="mw-redirect" title="Focşani">Focşani</a> (1866-1869);</li> <li>high school studies in <a href="/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam">Potsdam</a>, Germany (1869);</li> <li>astronomy courses at the <i>Friedrich Wilhelm</i> University in <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, having the famous physicist <a href="/wiki/Hermann_von_Helmholtz" title="Hermann von Helmholtz">Hermann von Helmholtz</a> as a teacher;<sup id="cite_ref-icr_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-icr-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>engineering studies at the <i>Technische Hochschule</i> in <a href="/wiki/Charlottenburg" title="Charlottenburg">Charlottenburg</a>-Berlin, Germany (1871-1874), where the illustrious engineers <a href="/wiki/Johann_Wilhelm_Schwedler" title="Johann Wilhelm Schwedler">Johann Wilhelm Schwedler</a> and Otto Franzius were professors.<sup id="cite_ref-icr_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-icr-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bvau_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bvau-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Socio-professional_activity">Socio-professional activity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anghel_Saligny&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Socio-professional activity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>after finishing his studies, he worked as an engineer on the construction of the <a href="/wiki/Cottbus" title="Cottbus">Cottbus</a>-<a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_(Oder)" title="Frankfurt (Oder)">Frankfurt (Oder)</a> railway, in <a href="/wiki/Saxony" title="Saxony">Saxony</a>, and on hydraulic works in northern <a href="/wiki/Prussia" title="Prussia">Prussia</a>, under the direction of Georg Christoph Mehrtens (1874-1875);</li> <li>he returned to Romania at the end of 1875, being appointed ordinary engineer 3rd class in the Service of Bridges and Roads on January 1, 1886, and was immediately sent to <a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a> for receipts of railway material;</li> <li>upon returning to the country, he was appointed assistant at the second section of the <a href="/wiki/Ploie%C8%99ti" title="Ploiești">Ploiești</a>-<a href="/wiki/Predeal" title="Predeal">Predeal</a> railway line, fixing his residence in <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A2mpina" title="Câmpina">Câmpina</a> and then in <a href="/wiki/Breaza" title="Breaza">Breaza</a>, in May 1876;</li> <li>he designed for the Bucharest City Hall the layout of the alleys next to the <a href="/wiki/Kiseleff_Boulevard" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiseleff Boulevard">Kiseleff Boulevard</a> (1876);</li> <li>he was appointed sub-director of the Bridges and Roads Service on April 8, 1881, and on April 27, 1881, he was promoted to first class ordinary engineer;</li> <li>he was entrusted, in the same year, with the construction works of the railway line <a href="/wiki/Adjud" title="Adjud">Adjud</a>-<a href="/wiki/T%C3%A2rgu_Ocna" title="Târgu Ocna">Târgu Ocna</a>;</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Romanian_Aarmy_in_the_Romanian_Campaign,_1916-1918_Q_77516.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/The_Romanian_Aarmy_in_the_Romanian_Campaign%2C_1916-1918_Q_77516.jpg/220px-The_Romanian_Aarmy_in_the_Romanian_Campaign%2C_1916-1918_Q_77516.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/The_Romanian_Aarmy_in_the_Romanian_Campaign%2C_1916-1918_Q_77516.jpg/330px-The_Romanian_Aarmy_in_the_Romanian_Campaign%2C_1916-1918_Q_77516.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/The_Romanian_Aarmy_in_the_Romanian_Campaign%2C_1916-1918_Q_77516.jpg/440px-The_Romanian_Aarmy_in_the_Romanian_Campaign%2C_1916-1918_Q_77516.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="552" /></a><figcaption><i>Gara Mare</i> railway station in Târgu Ocna (architect: A. Saligny), partly destroyed in the World War I</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>he was appointed director for construction of the railway lines Adjud-Târgu Ocna and <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A2rlad" title="Bârlad">Bârlad</a>-<a href="/wiki/Vaslui" title="Vaslui">Vaslui</a> (June 14, 1882);</li> <li>he was entrusted with the construction of the iron bridges that had to replace the <a href="/wiki/Wooden_bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Wooden bridge">wooden bridges</a> that had begun to collapse (March 1883);</li> <li>he was promoted to chief engineer (May 10, 1883);</li> <li>he was commissioned by the General Directorate <a href="/wiki/C%C4%83ile_Ferate_Rom%C3%A2ne" title="Căile Ferate Române">C.F.R.</a> with the reconstruction of the six large bridges on the <a href="/wiki/Buz%C4%83u" title="Buzău">Buzău</a>-<a href="/wiki/M%C4%83r%C4%83%C5%9Fe%C5%9Fti" class="mw-redirect" title="Mărăşeşti">Mărăşeşti</a> line (February 1884);</li> <li>he was appointed head of the "Bridges and Railways Service" (Oct. 1883), building numerous bridges, including the one in <a href="/wiki/Cosme%C8%99ti,_Gala%C8%9Bi" title="Cosmești, Galați">Cosmești</a>, over <a href="/wiki/Siret_river" class="mw-redirect" title="Siret river">Siret</a>, the first large bridge designed by him - double road and railway bridge 430 metres (1,410 ft) long) - as well as those from <a href="/wiki/One%C5%9Fti" class="mw-redirect" title="Oneşti">Oneşti</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ureche%C8%99ti,_Bac%C4%83u" title="Urechești, Bacău">Urecheşti</a>;</li> <li>he was confirmed head of the Galati and Brăila Docks (October 3, 1884), a position he held until January 1, 1901, during which he coordinated the construction of docks and warehouses in the ports of <a href="/wiki/Gala%C8%9Bi" title="Galați">Galați</a> and <a href="/wiki/Br%C4%83ila" title="Brăila">Brăila</a>; they could contain over 25,000 tons of grain - they were 30 metres (98 ft) x 120 metres (390 ft) at the base and over 18 metres (59 ft) high. The walls of the hexagonal cells of the silos were made, also in a world first, from pieces manufactured on the ground, in the form of plates. Prefabrication of floor slabs, stiffening and junction corners, welding of metal bars and assembly mechanization are other global priorities;</li> <li>he was appointed professor at the Department of Bridges within the "School of Bridges and Roads" that would become the "Polytechnic School" of Bucharest, (Nov. 1884 - 1914);</li> <li>he was president of the commissions for the selection of scholarship holders of the "Adamachi" fund for the study of engineering in Romania and of technical specializations abroad;</li> <li>he was promoted to first class chief engineer on June 16, 1886, and worked on the projects for the <a href="/wiki/Filia%C5%9Fi" class="mw-redirect" title="Filiaşi">Filiaşi</a>-<a href="/wiki/Tg_Jiu" class="mw-redirect" title="Tg Jiu">Tg Jiu</a> railway;</li> <li>he designed the <a href="/wiki/King_Carol_I_Bridge" title="King Carol I Bridge">bridge over the Danube</a> from <a href="/wiki/Cernavod%C4%83" title="Cernavodă">Cernavodă</a> (1889);</li> <li>he was promoted to inspector general 2nd class on May 9, 1890, and was appointed to the technical commission of the Bucharest City Hall;</li> <li>he built a new <a href="/wiki/Standard-gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard-gauge">standard-gauge</a> <a href="/wiki/Bac%C4%83u" title="Bacău">Bacău</a>-<a href="/wiki/Piatra_Neam%C8%9B" title="Piatra Neamț">Piatra Neamț</a> railway line, replacing the old <a href="/wiki/Narrow-gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Narrow-gauge">narrow-gauge</a> one (1890-1893);</li> <li>he built the <a href="/wiki/King_Carol_I_Bridge" title="King Carol I Bridge">bridge over the Danube</a> from Cernavodă (October 9, 1890 - September 14/26, 1895);</li> <li>he was promoted to the rank of general inspector first class (January 1, 1894);</li> <li>he worked on the consolidation of the bridges over <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A2mnic" title="Râmnic">Râmnic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Milcov_(Siret)" title="Milcov (Siret)">Milcov</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Buz%C4%83u" title="Buzău">Buzău</a>-<a href="/wiki/M%C4%83r%C4%83%C5%9Fe%C5%9Fti" class="mw-redirect" title="Mărăşeşti">Mărăşeşti</a> railway line;</li> <li>he was appointed head of the Railway Bridges (April 1, 1892);</li> <li>he was appointed general director of the Railways (October 7, 1895), a position from which he initiated, in 1895, a law for the reorganization of the Romanian railways and created direct railway routes <a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a>-<a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>-<a href="/wiki/Constan%C8%9Ba" title="Constanța">Constanța</a>;</li> <li>he was appointed director of the Hydraulic department, of the Docks and Works of the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Constan%C8%9Ba" title="Port of Constanța">Port of Constanța</a> (13 Aug. 1899);</li> <li>he built the Ramadan port in <a href="/wiki/Giurgiu" title="Giurgiu">Giurgiu</a>, favoring the export of oil up the Danube and the import of coal and goods for Bucharest;</li> <li>he was appointed general director of the first Land Improvement Service within the Ministry of Agriculture and Domains, established for the development of land in the flood zone of the Danube and other large rivers in the country (Dec. 21, 1910 – Apr. 1, 1917);</li> <li>he was elected a member of the Board of Censors of the <a href="/wiki/National_Bank_of_Romania" title="National Bank of Romania">National Bank of Romania</a> (February 17, 1913 – June 17, 1925) and of the "Steaua" oil company;</li> <li>he was director general of Munitions until Romania entered the First World War (Nov. 15, 1915 - Aug. 1916), Minister of Public Works (24 Oct. 1918 – 26 Sept. 1919);</li> <li>he was part of the boards of directors of "Banca de Scont" and "Banca Marmorosch Blank";</li> <li>he took part in the establishment, in 1913, of the first national maritime navigation society "Romania" and of the Romanian Danube Navigation Society, which started operating on March 1. 1914 (he was its president);</li> <li>he took part in the evacuation of the Romanian treasury in Iași during World War I, <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Treasure" title="Romanian Treasure">then in Moscow</a>;</li> <li>he participated in the organization of the Bucharest Communal Tram Company, of which he was the delegated administrator (1909 – June 17, 1925).<sup id="cite_ref-bvau_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bvau-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collaborations">Collaborations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anghel_Saligny&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Collaborations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Bulletin of the Polytechnic Society</i>,</li> <li><i>Annals of the Romanian Academy</i>,</li> <li><i>Adevărul</i> newspaper etc.<sup id="cite_ref-bvau_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bvau-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Affiliation">Affiliation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anghel_Saligny&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Affiliation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>founding member of the <i>Polytechnic Society of Romania</i> (founded in 1881) and its president between 1894-1897 and 1910–1911;</li> <li>corresponding member (March 31, 1892), full member (April 7, 1897), vice-president (March 26, 1901 – March 23, 1904) and president of the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Academy" title="Romanian Academy">Romanian Academy</a> (April 18, 1907 – May 25, 1910);</li> <li>founding member of the "Gazeta Matematică" Society (founded on Sept. 15, 1895) which established the "Anghel Saligny" fund for the printing of mathematics books, including the <i>Gazeta Matematică</i> magazine.<sup id="cite_ref-bvau_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bvau-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards">Awards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anghel_Saligny&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Grand Cross of the Imperial Austrian <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Franz_Joseph" title="Order of Franz Joseph">Order of Franz Joseph</a> (1896);</li> <li>Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_St._Sava" title="Order of St. Sava">Order of St. Sava</a> - Serbia (19 Oct. 1896);</li> <li>Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Crown_of_Romania" title="Order of the Crown of Romania">Order of the Crown of Romania</a> (May 10, 1897);</li> <li>Commander of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Leopold_(Belgium)" title="Order of Leopold (Belgium)">Order of Leopold</a> - Belgium (Nov. 27, 1897);</li> <li>Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Civil_Merit_(Bulgaria)" title="Order of Civil Merit (Bulgaria)">Order of Civil Merit</a> - Bulgaria (June 30, 1898);</li> <li>Grand Officer of the <a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Honour" title="Legion of Honour">Legion of Honour</a> - France (June 22, 1908);</li> <li>Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Star_of_Romania" title="Order of the Star of Romania">Order of the Star of Romania</a> (October 27, 1909);</li> <li>Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_Anna" title="Order of Saint Anna">Order of Saint Anna</a> - Russia (April 10, 1910).</li></ul> <p>As a sign of gratitude, the Polytechnic Society of Romania erected a monument in Cernavodă and another in Bucharest. Also in honour of the great engineer, in 1957 a bronze statue of him was made by the famous sculptor <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Han" title="Oscar Han">Oscar Han</a>, which was installed in 1965 in front of the main entrance of the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Constan%C8%9Ba" title="Port of Constanța">Port of Constanța</a>. Also, in front of the new building of the Faculty of Engineering of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Gala%C8%9Bi" title="University of Galați">"Lower Danube" University</a> in Galați, there is a bust of the engineer, in bronze, installed in 1987.<sup id="cite_ref-bvau_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bvau-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_works">Notable works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anghel_Saligny&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Notable works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Podul_de_la_Cosme%C5%9Fti_%C3%AEnainte_de_distrugere.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Podul_de_la_Cosme%C5%9Fti_%C3%AEnainte_de_distrugere.jpg/220px-Podul_de_la_Cosme%C5%9Fti_%C3%AEnainte_de_distrugere.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Podul_de_la_Cosme%C5%9Fti_%C3%AEnainte_de_distrugere.jpg/330px-Podul_de_la_Cosme%C5%9Fti_%C3%AEnainte_de_distrugere.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Podul_de_la_Cosme%C5%9Fti_%C3%AEnainte_de_distrugere.jpg/440px-Podul_de_la_Cosme%C5%9Fti_%C3%AEnainte_de_distrugere.jpg 2x" data-file-width="669" data-file-height="426" /></a><figcaption>The railway and road bridge from <a href="/wiki/Cosme%C8%99ti,_Gala%C8%9Bi" title="Cosmești, Galați">Cosmești</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tecuci_County" title="Tecuci County">Tecuci County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Romania" title="Kingdom of Romania">Kingdom of Romania</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li>he designed and built the <a href="/wiki/One%C5%9Fti" class="mw-redirect" title="Oneşti">Oneşti</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ureche%C8%99ti,_Bac%C4%83u" title="Urechești, Bacău">Urecheşti</a> bridges on the <a href="/wiki/Adjud" title="Adjud">Adjud</a>-<a href="/wiki/T%C3%A2rgu_Ocna" title="Târgu Ocna">Târgu Ocna</a> railway line and the double road and railway bridge from <a href="/wiki/Cosme%C8%99ti,_Gala%C8%9Bi" title="Cosmești, Galați">Cosmești</a>, over <a href="/wiki/Siret" title="Siret">Siret</a> (1882), railway line <a href="/wiki/Tg._Jiu" class="mw-redirect" title="Tg. Jiu">Tg. Jiu</a>-<a href="/wiki/Filia%C5%9Fi" class="mw-redirect" title="Filiaşi">Filiaşi</a>, the tunnel from <a href="/wiki/Mosti%C8%99tea" title="Mostiștea">Valea Mostiştei</a>, Ramadan port (<a href="/wiki/Giurgiu" title="Giurgiu">Giurgiu</a>);</li> <li>he led the construction works of the docks and silos in the ports of <a href="/wiki/Br%C4%83ila" title="Brăila">Brăila</a> (1888) and <a href="/wiki/Gala%C8%9Bi" title="Galați">Galați</a> (1889), building warehouses with silos where, for the first time in the world, reinforced concrete and prefabricated concrete slabs were used to make the cells;</li> <li>he designed in 1888 and built between 1890 and 1895 the <a href="/wiki/King_Carol_I_Bridge" title="King Carol I Bridge">bridge over the Danube</a> at <a href="/wiki/Cernavod%C4%83" title="Cernavodă">Cernavodă</a>, the longest bridge and with the largest opening - 130 metres (430 ft) - in 19th century Europe and the third in the world at that time.<sup id="cite_ref-bvau_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bvau-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anghel_Saligny&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 183.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 181.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Palas_saligny_tunnel_1900.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tunnel "Carol I" (later "Palas") in Constanța county (1900)"><img alt="Tunnel "Carol I" (later "Palas") in Constanța county (1900)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Palas_saligny_tunnel_1900.jpg/272px-Palas_saligny_tunnel_1900.jpg" decoding="async" width="182" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Palas_saligny_tunnel_1900.jpg/408px-Palas_saligny_tunnel_1900.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Palas_saligny_tunnel_1900.jpg/544px-Palas_saligny_tunnel_1900.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="530" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Tunnel "Carol I" (later "Palas") in Constanța county (1900)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 164px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 162px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Uit_Konstanza,_Bestanddeelnr_158-2904.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title=""Anghel Saligny" silos in Port of Constanța"><img alt=""Anghel Saligny" silos in Port of Constanța" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Uit_Konstanza%2C_Bestanddeelnr_158-2904.jpg/243px-Uit_Konstanza%2C_Bestanddeelnr_158-2904.jpg" decoding="async" width="162" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Uit_Konstanza%2C_Bestanddeelnr_158-2904.jpg/365px-Uit_Konstanza%2C_Bestanddeelnr_158-2904.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Uit_Konstanza%2C_Bestanddeelnr_158-2904.jpg/486px-Uit_Konstanza%2C_Bestanddeelnr_158-2904.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3560" data-file-height="2636" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">"Anghel Saligny" silos in Port of Constanța</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 216.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 214.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Podul_Carol_imagini_construire_1890-1895.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The "King Carol I" bridge during construction"><img alt="The "King Carol I" bridge during construction" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Podul_Carol_imagini_construire_1890-1895.jpg/322px-Podul_Carol_imagini_construire_1890-1895.jpg" decoding="async" width="215" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Podul_Carol_imagini_construire_1890-1895.jpg/483px-Podul_Carol_imagini_construire_1890-1895.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/Podul_Carol_imagini_construire_1890-1895.jpg 2x" data-file-width="627" data-file-height="351" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The "King Carol I" bridge during construction</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bucuresti,_Romania,_Casa_ing._Anghel_Saligny_pe_Str._Occidentului_nr._8-10,_sect._1_(detaliu_2,_nr._10).JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Anghel Saligny's house on Str. "Occidentului" no. 8–10, Bucharest"><img alt="Anghel Saligny's house on Str. "Occidentului" no. 8–10, Bucharest" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Bucuresti%2C_Romania%2C_Casa_ing._Anghel_Saligny_pe_Str._Occidentului_nr._8-10%2C_sect._1_%28detaliu_2%2C_nr._10%29.JPG/240px-Bucuresti%2C_Romania%2C_Casa_ing._Anghel_Saligny_pe_Str._Occidentului_nr._8-10%2C_sect._1_%28detaliu_2%2C_nr._10%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Bucuresti%2C_Romania%2C_Casa_ing._Anghel_Saligny_pe_Str._Occidentului_nr._8-10%2C_sect._1_%28detaliu_2%2C_nr._10%29.JPG/360px-Bucuresti%2C_Romania%2C_Casa_ing._Anghel_Saligny_pe_Str._Occidentului_nr._8-10%2C_sect._1_%28detaliu_2%2C_nr._10%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Bucuresti%2C_Romania%2C_Casa_ing._Anghel_Saligny_pe_Str._Occidentului_nr._8-10%2C_sect._1_%28detaliu_2%2C_nr._10%29.JPG/480px-Bucuresti%2C_Romania%2C_Casa_ing._Anghel_Saligny_pe_Str._Occidentului_nr._8-10%2C_sect._1_%28detaliu_2%2C_nr._10%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Anghel Saligny's house on Str. "Occidentului" no. 8–10, Bucharest</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 78px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 76px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Anghel_Saligny.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Anghel Saligny"><img alt="Anghel Saligny" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Anghel_Saligny.jpg/114px-Anghel_Saligny.jpg" decoding="async" width="76" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Anghel_Saligny.jpg/171px-Anghel_Saligny.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Anghel_Saligny.jpg/228px-Anghel_Saligny.jpg 2x" data-file-width="939" data-file-height="1484" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Anghel Saligny</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Silozurile_A._Saligny.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title=""Anghel Saligny" silos in Port of Constanța, nowadays"><img alt=""Anghel Saligny" silos in Port of Constanța, nowadays" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Silozurile_A._Saligny.jpg/240px-Silozurile_A._Saligny.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Silozurile_A._Saligny.jpg/360px-Silozurile_A._Saligny.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Silozurile_A._Saligny.jpg/480px-Silozurile_A._Saligny.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">"Anghel Saligny" silos in Port of Constanța, nowadays</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anghel_Saligny&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anghel_Saligny_Bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Anghel Saligny Bridge">Anghel Saligny Bridge</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anghel_Saligny&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uac.incd.ro/Art/v3n1a06.pdf">About Anghel Saligny</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-memory-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-memory_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-memory_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px 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.cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303232420/http://www.anif.ro/cnrid/20100622-Memoriu%20Anghel%20Saligny.pdf">"In Memoriam: Anghel Saligny"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.anif.ro/cnrid/20100622-Memoriu%20Anghel%20Saligny.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 3 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=In+Memoriam%3A+Anghel+Saligny&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.anif.ro%2Fcnrid%2F20100622-Memoriu%2520Anghel%2520Saligny.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnghel+Saligny" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ToksozKolluoğlu2014-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ToksozKolluoğlu2014_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeltem_ToksozBiray_Kolluoğlu2014" class="citation book cs1">Meltem Toksoz; Biray Kolluoğlu (25 August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HS8BAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA172"><i>Cities of the Mediterranean: From the Ottomans to the Present Day</i></a>. I.B.Tauris. pp. 172–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85771-140-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85771-140-3"><bdi>978-0-85771-140-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cities+of+the+Mediterranean%3A+From+the+Ottomans+to+the+Present+Day&rft.pages=172-&rft.pub=I.B.Tauris&rft.date=2014-08-25&rft.isbn=978-0-85771-140-3&rft.au=Meltem+Toksoz&rft.au=Biray+Kolluo%C4%9Flu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHS8BAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA172&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnghel+Saligny" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-icr-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-icr_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-icr_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-icr_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.icr.ro/pagini/anghel-saligny">"Anghel SALIGNY"</a>. <i>icr.ro</i>. Bucharest: Institutul Cultural Român<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=icr.ro&rft.atitle=Anghel+SALIGNY&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.icr.ro%2Fpagini%2Fanghel-saligny&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnghel+Saligny" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bvau-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bvau_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bvau_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bvau_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bvau_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bvau_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bvau_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tinread.bvau.ro/opac/authority/127304">"Saligny, Anghel, inginer, academician (1854-1925)"</a> [Saligny, Anghel, engineer, academician (1854-1925)]. <i>bvau.ro/</i> (in Romanian). Galați: Biblioteca Județeană "V. A. Urechia"<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bvau.ro%2F&rft.atitle=Saligny%2C+Anghel%2C+inginer%2C+academician+%281854-1925%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftinread.bvau.ro%2Fopac%2Fauthority%2F127304&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnghel+Saligny" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anghel_Saligny&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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title="Template talk:Romanian Academy presidents"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Romanian_Academy_presidents" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Romanian Academy presidents"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Presidents_of_the_Romanian_Academy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Presidents of the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Academy" title="Romanian Academy">Romanian Academy</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Romanian Academy (1876-1948)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Heliade_R%C4%83dulescu" title="Ion Heliade Rădulescu">Heliade Rădulescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Treboniu_Laurian" title="August Treboniu Laurian">Laurian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Cre%C8%9Bulescu" title="Nicolae Crețulescu">Crețulescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Treboniu_Laurian" title="August Treboniu Laurian">Laurian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Ghica" title="Ion Ghica">Ghica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrie_Sturdza" title="Dimitrie Sturdza">Sturdza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Ghica" title="Ion Ghica">Ghica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mihail_Kog%C4%83lniceanu" title="Mihail Kogălniceanu">Kogălniceanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Ghica" title="Ion Ghica">Ghica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Bari%C8%9B" title="George Bariț">Bariț</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iacob_Negruzzi" title="Iacob Negruzzi">Negruzzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Ghica" title="Ion Ghica">Ghica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Cre%C8%9Bulescu" title="Nicolae Crețulescu">Crețulescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petru_Poni" title="Petru Poni">Poni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petre_S._Aurelian" title="Petre S. Aurelian">Aurelian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioan_Kalinderu" title="Ioan Kalinderu">Kalinderu</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Saligny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iacob_Negruzzi" title="Iacob Negruzzi">Negruzzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_Istrati" title="Constantin Istrati">Istrati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petru_Poni" title="Petru Poni">Poni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrie_Onciul" title="Dimitrie Onciul">Onciul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iacob_Negruzzi" title="Iacob Negruzzi">Negruzzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emil_Racovi%C8%9B%C4%83" title="Emil Racoviță">Racoviță</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioan_Bianu" title="Ioan Bianu">Bianu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludovic_Mrazek" title="Ludovic Mrazek">Mrazek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandru_Lapedatu" title="Alexandru Lapedatu">Lapedatu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_R%C4%83dulescu-Motru" title="Constantin Rădulescu-Motru">Rădulescu-Motru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Th._Simionescu" title="Ion Th. Simionescu">I. Simionescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrie_Gusti" title="Dimitrie Gusti">Gusti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrei_R%C4%83dulescu" title="Andrei Rădulescu">Rădulescu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academy of the Romanian<br />People's/Socialist Republic (1948-1990)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traian_S%C4%83vulescu" title="Traian Săvulescu">Săvulescu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Athanase_Joja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Athanase Joja (page does not exist)">Joja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilie_G._Murgulescu" title="Ilie G. Murgulescu">Murgulescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miron_Nicolescu" title="Miron Nicolescu">Nicolescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C8%98erban_%C8%9Ai%C8%9Beica" title="Șerban Țițeica">Țițeica</a> <i>(acting)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_Burghele" title="Theodor Burghele">Burghele</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cristofor_Simionescu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cristofor Simionescu (page does not exist)">C. Simionescu</a> <i>(acting)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_Mihoc" title="Gheorghe Mihoc">Mihoc</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioan_Anton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ioan Anton (page does not exist)">Anton</a> <i>(acting)</i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radu_Voinea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radu Voinea (page does not exist)">Voinea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Romanian Academy (1990-)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mihai_Dr%C4%83g%C4%83nescu" title="Mihai Drăgănescu">Drăgănescu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virgiliu_N._Constantinescu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Virgiliu N. Constantinescu (page does not exist)">Constantinescu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugen_Simion" title="Eugen Simion">Simion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionel_Haiduc" title="Ionel Haiduc">Haiduc</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ionel_Valentin_Vlad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ionel Valentin Vlad (page does not exist)">Vlad</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cristian_Hera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cristian Hera (page does not exist)">Hera</a> <i>(acting)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioan-Aurel_Pop" title="Ioan-Aurel Pop">Pop</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q285575#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q285575#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q285575#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000041282076">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/47876255">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJr7QbH8YgQF9DfBFYgxjC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/130688916">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n2008058894">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p158717538">Netherlands</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://structurae.net/persons/1001692">Structurae</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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