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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-User_Equipment_(UE)_Categories_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#User_Equipment_(UE)_Categories_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>User Equipment (UE) Categories</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-User_Equipment_(UE)_Categories_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Multi-carrier_HSPA_(MC-HSPA)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Multi-carrier_HSPA_(MC-HSPA)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Multi-carrier HSPA (MC-HSPA)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Multi-carrier_HSPA_(MC-HSPA)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-All-IP_architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#All-IP_architecture"> <div 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Available in 21 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-21" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">21 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B2%D8%B2_%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%B2%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="الوصول عالي السرعة المعزز لرزم البيانات – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الوصول عالي السرعة المعزز لرزم البيانات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4_%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%8F" title="বিবর্ধিত এইচএসপিএ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বিবর্ধিত এইচএসপিএ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSPA%2B" title="HSPA+ – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="HSPA+" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSPA%2B" title="HSPA+ – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="HSPA+" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSPA%2B" title="HSPA+ – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="HSPA+" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSPA%2B" title="HSPA+ – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="HSPA+" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSPA%2B" title="HSPA+ – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="HSPA+" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A7%84%ED%99%94%ED%98%95_HSPA" title="진화형 HSPA – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="진화형 HSPA" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Speed_Packet_Access%2B" title="High Speed Packet Access+ – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="High Speed Packet Access+" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSPA_evoluto" title="HSPA evoluto – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="HSPA evoluto" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolved_High_Speed_Packet_Access" title="Evolved High Speed Packet Access – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Evolved High Speed Packet Access" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSPA_desenvolvido" title="HSPA desenvolvido – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="HSPA desenvolvido" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSPA%2B" title="HSPA+ – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="HSPA+" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSPA%2B" title="HSPA+ – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="HSPA+" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSPA%2B" title="HSPA+ – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="HSPA+" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSPA%2B" title="HSPA+ – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="HSPA+" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSPA%2B" title="HSPA+ – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="HSPA+" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSPA%2B" title="HSPA+ – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="HSPA+" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSPA%2B" title="HSPA+ – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="HSPA+" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A1_%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D9%BE%DB%8C%DA%88_%D9%BE%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%B9_%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="ارتقاء ہائی سپیڈ پیکٹ ایکسیس – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ارتقاء ہائی سپیڈ پیکٹ ایکسیس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BC%94%E8%BF%9B%E5%BC%8FHSPA" title="演进式HSPA – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="演进式HSPA" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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width="200" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Cellular_network_standards_and_generation_timeline.svg/300px-Cellular_network_standards_and_generation_timeline.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Cellular_network_standards_and_generation_timeline.svg/400px-Cellular_network_standards_and_generation_timeline.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="605" data-file-height="459" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Analog</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="plainlist"><ul style="text-align:center;"><li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_radio_telephone" title="Mobile radio telephone">0G</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1G" title="1G">1G</a> (<a href="/wiki/Digital_AMPS" title="Digital AMPS">1.5G</a>)</li></ul></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Digital</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="plainlist"><ul style="text-align:center;"><li><a href="/wiki/2G" title="2G">2G</a> (<a href="/wiki/General_Packet_Radio_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="General Packet Radio Service">2.5G</a>, <a href="/wiki/Enhanced_Data_rates_for_GSM_Evolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution"> 2.75G</a>, <a href="/wiki/CDMA2000_1x" class="mw-redirect" title="CDMA2000 1x">2.9G</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/3G" title="3G">3G</a> (<a href="/wiki/High_Speed_Packet_Access" title="High Speed Packet Access">3.5G</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">3.75G</a>, <a href="/wiki/LTE_(telecommunication)" title="LTE (telecommunication)">3.9G/3.95G</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/4G" title="4G">4G</a> (<a href="/wiki/IMT_Advanced" title="IMT Advanced">4G/4.5G</a>, <a href="/wiki/LTE_Advanced" title="LTE Advanced">4.5G</a>, <a href="/wiki/LTE_Advanced_Pro" class="mw-redirect" title="LTE Advanced Pro">4.9G</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/5G" title="5G">5G</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ultra-wideband" title="Ultra-wideband">5.25G</a>, <a href="/wiki/5G-Advanced" class="mw-redirect" title="5G-Advanced">5.5G</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/6G" title="6G">6G</a></li></ul></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <a href="/wiki/Mobile_telephony" title="Mobile telephony">Mobile telecommunications</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:List_of_mobile_phone_generations" title="Template:List of mobile phone generations"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:List_of_mobile_phone_generations" title="Template talk:List of mobile phone generations"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:List_of_mobile_phone_generations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:List of mobile phone generations"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HSPA_plus_logo_Android_Screenshot.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/HSPA_plus_logo_Android_Screenshot.jpg" decoding="async" width="66" height="38" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="66" data-file-height="38" /></a><figcaption>HSPA+ sign shown in notification bar on an Android-based smartphone.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Evolved High Speed Packet Access</b>, <b>HSPA+</b>, <b>HSPA</b> (<b>Plus</b>) or <b>HSPAP</b>, is a <a href="/wiki/Technical_standard" title="Technical standard">technical standard</a> for <a href="/wiki/Wireless_broadband" title="Wireless broadband">wireless broadband</a> telecommunication. It is the second phase of <a href="/wiki/High_Speed_Packet_Access" title="High Speed Packet Access">HSPA</a> which has been introduced in 3GPP release 7 and being further improved in later 3GPP releases. HSPA+ can achieve data rates of up to 42.2 Mbit/s.<sup id="cite_ref-gsmworld_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gsmworld-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It introduces antenna array technologies such as <a href="/wiki/Beamforming" title="Beamforming">beamforming</a> and <a href="/wiki/Multiple-input_multiple-output_communications" class="mw-redirect" title="Multiple-input multiple-output communications">multiple-input multiple-output communications</a> (MIMO). Beamforming focuses the transmitted power of an antenna in a beam toward the user's direction. MIMO uses multiple antennas on the sending and receiving side. Further releases of the standard have introduced dual carrier operation, i.e. the simultaneous use of two 5 MHz carriers. HSPA+ is an evolution of HSPA that upgrades the existing 3G network and provides a method for telecom operators to migrate towards 4G speeds that are more comparable to the initially available speeds of newer <a href="/wiki/LTE_(telecommunication)" title="LTE (telecommunication)">LTE</a> networks without deploying a new radio interface. HSPA+ should not be confused with <a href="/wiki/LTE_(telecommunication)" title="LTE (telecommunication)">LTE</a> though, which uses an air interface based on <a href="/wiki/Orthogonal_frequency-division_multiple_access" title="Orthogonal frequency-division multiple access">orthogonal frequency-division</a> modulation and multiple access.<sup id="cite_ref-ericsson2_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ericsson2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Advanced HSPA+ is a further evolution of HSPA and provides <a href="/wiki/Bit_rate" title="Bit rate">data rates</a> up to 84.4 and 168 <a href="/wiki/Megabits_per_second" class="mw-redirect" title="Megabits per second">megabits per second</a> (Mbit/s) to the mobile device (downlink) and 22 Mbit/s from the mobile device (uplink) under ideal signal conditions. Technically these are achieved through the use of a multiple-antenna technique known as <a href="/wiki/MIMO" title="MIMO">MIMO</a> (for "multiple-input and multiple-output") and higher <a href="/wiki/Modulation_order" title="Modulation order">order modulation</a> (64QAM) or combining multiple cells into one with a technique known as Dual-Cell HSDPA. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Downlink">Downlink</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evolved_High_Speed_Packet_Access&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Downlink"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Evolved_HSDPA_(HSPA+)"><span id="Evolved_HSDPA_.28HSPA.2B.29"></span>Evolved HSDPA (HSPA+)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evolved_High_Speed_Packet_Access&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Evolved HSDPA (HSPA+)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cellular_network_standards_and_generation_timeline.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Cellular_network_standards_and_generation_timeline.svg/220px-Cellular_network_standards_and_generation_timeline.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Cellular_network_standards_and_generation_timeline.svg/330px-Cellular_network_standards_and_generation_timeline.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Cellular_network_standards_and_generation_timeline.svg/440px-Cellular_network_standards_and_generation_timeline.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="605" data-file-height="459" /></a><figcaption>Cellular network standards and generation timeline.</figcaption></figure> <p>An <b>Evolved HSDPA</b> network can theoretically support up to 28 Mbit/s and 42 Mbit/s with a single 5 MHz carrier for Rel7 (MIMO with 16QAM) and Rel8 (<a href="/wiki/64-QAM" class="mw-redirect" title="64-QAM">64-QAM</a> + <a href="/wiki/MIMO" title="MIMO">MIMO</a>), in good channel conditions with low correlation between transmit antennas. Although, real speeds are far lower. Besides the throughput gain from doubling the number of cells to be used, some diversity and joint scheduling gains can also be achieved.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The QoS (Quality of Service) can be particularly improved for end users in poor radio reception where they cannot benefit from the other WCDMA capacity improvements (MIMO and higher order modulations) due to poor radio signal quality. In 3GPP a study item was completed in June 2008. The outcome can be found in technical report 25.825.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An alternative method to double the data rates is to double the bandwidth to 10 MHz (i.e. 2×5 MHz) by using DC-HSDPA. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dual-Carrier_HSDPA_(DC-HSDPA)"><span id="Dual-Carrier_HSDPA_.28DC-HSDPA.29"></span>Dual-Carrier HSDPA (DC-HSDPA)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evolved_High_Speed_Packet_Access&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Dual-Carrier HSDPA (DC-HSDPA)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Dual-Carrier HSDPA</b>, also known as Dual-Cell HSDPA, is part of <a href="/wiki/3GPP" title="3GPP">3GPP</a> Release 8 specification. It is the natural evolution of HSPA by means of <a href="/wiki/Carrier_aggregation" title="Carrier aggregation">carrier aggregation</a> in the downlink. UMTS licenses are often issued as 5, 10, or 20 MHz paired spectrum allocations. The basic idea of the multicarrier feature is to achieve better resource utilization and spectrum efficiency by means of joint resource allocation and load balancing across the downlink carriers.<sup id="cite_ref-Nomor_1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nomor_1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>New HSDPA <a href="/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access#User_Equipment_(UE)_categories" class="mw-redirect" title="High-Speed Downlink Packet Access">User Equipment categories 21-24</a> have been introduced that support DC-HSDPA. DC-HSDPA can support up to 42.2 Mbit/s, but unlike HSPA, it does not need to rely on MIMO transmission. </p><p>The support of MIMO in combination with DC-HSDPA will allow operators deploying Release 7 MIMO to benefit from the DC-HSDPA functionality as defined in Release 8. While in Release 8 DC-HSDPA can only operate on adjacent carriers, Release 9 also allows that the paired cells can operate on two different frequency bands. Later releases allow the use of up to four carriers simultaneously. </p><p>From Release 9 onwards it will be possible to use DC-HSDPA in combination with MIMO being used on both carriers. The support of MIMO in combination with DC-HSDPA will allow operators even more capacity improvements within their network. This will allow the theoretical speed of up to 84.4 Mbit/s.<sup id="cite_ref-Nomor_2_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nomor_2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="User_Equipment_(UE)_Categories"><span id="User_Equipment_.28UE.29_Categories"></span>User Equipment (UE) Categories</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evolved_High_Speed_Packet_Access&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: User Equipment (UE) Categories"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following table is derived from table 5.1a of the release 11 of 3GPP TS 25.306<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and shows maximum data rates of different device classes and by what combination of features they are achieved. The per-cell per-stream data rate is limited by the <i>Maximum number of bits of an HS-DSCH transport block received within an HS-DSCH TTI</i> and the <i>Minimum inter-TTI interval</i>. The TTI is 2 ms. So for example Cat 10 can decode 27,952 bits/2 ms = 13.976 Mbit/s (and not 14.4 Mbit/s as often claimed incorrectly). Categories 1-4 and 11 have inter-TTI intervals of 2 or 3, which reduces the maximum data rate by that factor. Dual-Cell and MIMO 2x2 each multiply the maximum data rate by 2, because multiple independent transport blocks are transmitted over different carriers or spatial streams, respectively. The data rates given in the table are rounded to one decimal point. </p> <table class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="7">Evolved HSDPA User Equipment (UE) categories </th></tr> <tr> <th>Category </th> <th>Release </th> <th>Max. number<br />of HS-DSCH<br />codes (per cell) </th> <th>Modulation <sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>MIMO, Multi-Cell </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Code_rate" title="Code rate">Code rate</a><br />at max. Data<br />Rate <sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Max. Downlink<br />Speed<br /><small>(Mbit/s)</small> <sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td>13 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>15 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/64-QAM" class="mw-redirect" title="64-QAM">64-QAM</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>.82 </td> <td>17.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>14 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>15 </td> <td>64-QAM </td> <td> </td> <td>.98 </td> <td>21.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>15 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>15 </td> <td>16-QAM </td> <td><a href="/wiki/MIMO" title="MIMO">MIMO</a> 2x2 </td> <td>.81 </td> <td>23.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>16 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>15 </td> <td>16-QAM </td> <td>MIMO 2x2 </td> <td>.97 </td> <td>28.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">17 </td> <td rowspan="2">7 </td> <td>15 </td> <td>64-QAM </td> <td> </td> <td>.82 </td> <td>17.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>15 </td> <td>16-QAM </td> <td>MIMO 2x2 </td> <td>.81 </td> <td>23.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">18 </td> <td rowspan="2">7 </td> <td>15 </td> <td>64-QAM </td> <td> </td> <td>.98 </td> <td>21.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>15 </td> <td>16-QAM </td> <td>MIMO 2x2 </td> <td>.97 </td> <td>28.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>19 </td> <td>8 <sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>15 </td> <td>64-QAM </td> <td>MIMO 2x2 </td> <td>.82 </td> <td>35.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>20 </td> <td>8 <sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>15 </td> <td>64-QAM </td> <td>MIMO 2x2 </td> <td>.98 </td> <td>42.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>21 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>15 </td> <td>16-QAM </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dual-Cell_HSDPA" class="mw-redirect" title="Dual-Cell HSDPA">Dual-Cell</a> </td> <td>.81 </td> <td>23.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>22 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>15 </td> <td>16-QAM </td> <td>Dual-Cell </td> <td>.97 </td> <td>28.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>23 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>15 </td> <td>64-QAM </td> <td>Dual-Cell </td> <td>.82 </td> <td>35.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>24 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>15 </td> <td>64-QAM </td> <td>Dual-Cell </td> <td>.98 </td> <td>42.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>25 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>15 </td> <td>16-QAM </td> <td>Dual-Cell + MIMO 2x2 </td> <td>.81 </td> <td>46.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>26 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>15 </td> <td>16-QAM </td> <td>Dual-Cell + MIMO 2x2 </td> <td>.97 </td> <td>55.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td>27 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>15 </td> <td>64-QAM </td> <td>Dual-Cell + MIMO 2x2 </td> <td>.82 </td> <td>70.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>28 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>15 </td> <td>64-QAM </td> <td>Dual-Cell + MIMO 2x2 </td> <td>.98 </td> <td>84.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>29 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>15 </td> <td>64-QAM </td> <td>Triple-Cell </td> <td>.98 </td> <td>63.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>30 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>15 </td> <td>64-QAM </td> <td>Triple-Cell + MIMO 2x2 </td> <td>.98 </td> <td>126.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>31 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>15 </td> <td>64-QAM </td> <td>Quad-Cell </td> <td>.98 </td> <td>84.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>32 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>15 </td> <td>64-QAM </td> <td>Quad-Cell + MIMO 2x2 </td> <td>.98 </td> <td>168.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>33 </td> <td>11 </td> <td>15 </td> <td>64-QAM </td> <td>Hexa-Cell </td> <td>.98 </td> <td>126.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>34 </td> <td>11 </td> <td>15 </td> <td>64-QAM </td> <td>Hexa-Cell + MIMO 2x2 </td> <td>.98 </td> <td>253.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>35 </td> <td>11 </td> <td>15 </td> <td>64-QAM </td> <td>Octa-Cell </td> <td>.98 </td> <td>168.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>36 </td> <td>11 </td> <td>15 </td> <td>64-QAM </td> <td>Octa-Cell + MIMO 2x2 </td> <td>.98 </td> <td>337.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>37 </td> <td>11 </td> <td>15 </td> <td>64-QAM </td> <td>Dual-Cell + MIMO 4x4 </td> <td>.98 </td> <td>168.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>38 </td> <td>11 </td> <td>15 </td> <td>64-QAM </td> <td>Quad-Cell + MIMO 4x4 </td> <td>.98 </td> <td>337.5 </td></tr></tbody></table> <dl><dd><b>Notes</b>:</dd></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">16-QAM implies QPSK support, 64-QAM implies 16-QAM and QPSK support.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The maximal code rate is not limited. A value close to 1 in this column indicates that the maximum data rate can be achieved only in ideal conditions. The device is therefore connected directly to the transmitter to demonstrate these data rates.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The maximum data rates given in the table are physical layer data rates. Application layer data rate is approximately 85% of that, due to the inclusion of IP headers (<a href="/wiki/Overhead_information" class="mw-redirect" title="Overhead information">overhead information</a>) etc.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Category 19 was specified in Release 7 as "For further use". Not until Release 8 simultaneous use of 64QAM and MIMO were allowed to obtain the specified max. data rate.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Category 20 was specified in Release 7 as "For further use". Not until Release 8 simultaneous use of 64QAM and MIMO were allowed to obtain the specified max. data rate.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uplink">Uplink</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evolved_High_Speed_Packet_Access&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Uplink"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dual-Carrier_HSUPA_(DC-HSUPA)"><span id="Dual-Carrier_HSUPA_.28DC-HSUPA.29"></span>Dual-Carrier HSUPA (DC-HSUPA)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evolved_High_Speed_Packet_Access&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Dual-Carrier HSUPA (DC-HSUPA)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Dual-Carrier HSUPA</b>, also known as <i>Dual-Cell HSUPA</i>, is a wireless broadband standard based on HSPA that is defined in <a href="/wiki/3GPP" title="3GPP">3GPP</a> <a href="/wiki/Universal_mobile_telecommunications_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Universal mobile telecommunications system">UMTS</a> release 9. </p><p>Dual Cell (DC-)HSUPA is the natural evolution of HSPA by means of carrier aggregation in the uplink.<sup id="cite_ref-Nomor_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nomor-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> UMTS licenses are often issued as 10 or 15 MHz paired spectrum allocations. The basic idea of the multicarrier feature is to achieve better resource utilization and spectrum efficiency by means of joint resource allocation and load balancing across the uplink carriers. </p><p>Similar enhancements as introduced with <a href="/wiki/Dual-Cell_HSDPA" class="mw-redirect" title="Dual-Cell HSDPA">Dual-Cell HSDPA</a> in the downlink for 3GPP Release 8 were standardized for the uplink in 3GPP Release 9, called Dual-Cell HSUPA. The standardisation of Release 9 was completed in December 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DC-HSUPA_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DC-HSUPA-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="User_Equipment_(UE)_Categories_2"><span id="User_Equipment_.28UE.29_Categories_2"></span>User Equipment (UE) Categories</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evolved_High_Speed_Packet_Access&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: User Equipment (UE) Categories"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following table shows uplink speeds for the different categories of Evolved HSUPA. </p> <table class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4">Evolved HSUPA User Equipment (UE) categories </th></tr> <tr> <th>HSUPA<br />Category </th> <th>Release </th> <th>Max.<br />Uplink<br />Speed<br /><small>(Mbit/s)</small> </th> <th>Modulation </th></tr> <tr> <td>7 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>11.5 </td> <td>QPSK & 16QAM </td></tr> <tr> <td>8 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>11.5 </td> <td>2 ms, dual cell E-DCH operation, QPSK only;<br />(see 3GPP Rel 11 TS 25.306 table 5.1g) </td></tr> <tr> <td>9 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>22.9 </td> <td>2 ms, dual cell E-DCH operation, QPSK and 16QAM;<br />(see 3GPP Rel 11 TS 25.306 table 5.1g) </td></tr> <tr> <td>10 </td> <td>11 </td> <td>17.25 </td> <td>2 ms, QPSK, 16QAM, and 64QAM;<br />(see 3GPP Rel 11 TS 25.306 table 5.1g) </td></tr> <tr> <td>11 </td> <td>11 </td> <td>22.9 </td> <td>2 ms, uplink MIMO, QPSK and 16QAM;<br />(see 3GPP Rel 11 TS 25.306 table 5.1g) </td></tr> <tr> <td>12 </td> <td>11 </td> <td>34.5 </td> <td>2 ms, uplink MIMO, QPSK, 16QAM, and 64QAM;<br />(see 3GPP Rel 11 TS 25.306 table 5.1g) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Multi-carrier_HSPA_(MC-HSPA)"><span id="Multi-carrier_HSPA_.28MC-HSPA.29"></span>Multi-carrier HSPA (MC-HSPA)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evolved_High_Speed_Packet_Access&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Multi-carrier HSPA (MC-HSPA)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The aggregation of more than two carriers has been studied and <a href="/wiki/3GPP" title="3GPP">3GPP</a> Release 11 is scheduled to include 4-carrier HSPA. The standard was scheduled to be finalised in Q3 2012 and first chipsets supporting MC-HSPA in late 2013. Release 11 specifies 8-carrier HSPA allowed in non-contiguous bands with 4 × 4 <a href="/wiki/MIMO" title="MIMO">MIMO</a> offering peak transfer rates up to <span class="nowrap">672 Mbit/s.</span> </p><p>The 168 Mbit/s and 22 Mbit/s represent theoretical peak speeds. The actual speed for a user will be lower. In general, HSPA+ offers higher bitrates only in very good radio conditions (very close to the cell tower) or if the terminal and network both support either <a href="/wiki/MIMO" title="MIMO">MIMO</a> or <a href="/wiki/Dual-Cell_HSDPA" class="mw-redirect" title="Dual-Cell HSDPA">Dual-Cell HSDPA</a>, which effectively use two parallel transmit channels with different technical implementations. </p><p>The higher 168 Mbit/s speeds are achieved by using multiple carriers with <a href="/wiki/Dual-Cell_HSDPA" class="mw-redirect" title="Dual-Cell HSDPA">Dual-Cell HSDPA</a> and 4-way <a href="/wiki/MIMO" title="MIMO">MIMO</a> together simultaneously.<sup id="cite_ref-ericsson_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ericsson-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nokiasiemensnetworks_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nokiasiemensnetworks-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="All-IP_architecture">All-IP architecture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evolved_High_Speed_Packet_Access&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: All-IP architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A flattened all-IP architecture is an option for the network within HSPA+. In this architecture, the base stations connect to the network via IP (often Ethernet providing the transmission), bypassing legacy elements for the user's data connections. This makes the network faster and cheaper to deploy and operate. The legacy architecture is still permitted with the Evolved HSPA and is likely to exist for several years after adoption of the other aspects of HSPA+ (higher-order modulation, multiple streams, etc.). </p><p>This 'flat architecture' connects the 'user plane' directly from the base station to the <a href="/wiki/GGSN" class="mw-redirect" title="GGSN">GGSN</a> external gateway, using any available link technology supporting TCP/IP. The definition can be found in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ftp.3gpp.org/Specs/archive/25_series/25.999/">3GPP TR25.999</a>. The user's data flow bypasses the Radio Network Controller (RNC) and the <a href="/wiki/SGSN" class="mw-redirect" title="SGSN">SGSN</a> of the previous 3GPP UMTS architecture versions, thus simplifying the architecture, reducing costs and delays. This is nearly identical to the <a href="/wiki/3GPP_Long_Term_Evolution" class="mw-redirect" title="3GPP Long Term Evolution">3GPP Long Term Evolution</a> (LTE) flat architecture as defined in the 3GPP standard Rel-8. The changes allow cost-effective modern link layer technologies such as xDSL or Ethernet, and these technologies are no longer tied to the more expensive and rigid requirements of the older standard of SONET/SDH and E1/T1 infrastructure. </p><p>There are no changes to the 'control plane'. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Nokia_Siemens_Networks" class="mw-redirect" title="Nokia Siemens Networks">Nokia Siemens Networks</a> <b>Internet HSPA</b> (<b>I-HSPA</b>) was the first commercial solution implementing the Evolved HSPA flattened all-IP architecture.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evolved_High_Speed_Packet_Access&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_wireless_data_standards" class="mw-redirect" title="Comparison of wireless data standards">Comparison of wireless data standards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Speed_Packet_Access" title="High Speed Packet Access">High Speed Packet Access</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_UMTS_networks" title="List of UMTS networks">List of UMTS networks</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evolved_High_Speed_Packet_Access&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-gsmworld-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gsmworld_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170709180358/https://www.gsma.com/aboutus/gsm-technology/hspa">"HSPA"</a>. <i>About Us</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gsma.com/aboutus/gsm-technology/hspa">the original</a> on 2017-07-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-03-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=About+Us&rft.atitle=HSPA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gsma.com%2Faboutus%2Fgsm-technology%2Fhspa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvolved+High+Speed+Packet+Access" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ericsson2-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ericsson2_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140605052949/http://www.ericsson.com/res/thecompany/docs/publications/ericsson_review/2009/issue1/hspa.pdf">"Ericsson Review #1 2009 - Continued HSPA Evolution of mobile broadband"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Ericsson.com. 27 January 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ericsson.com/res/thecompany/docs/publications/ericsson_review/2009/issue1/hspa.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 5 June 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-06-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ericsson+Review+%231+2009+-+Continued+HSPA+Evolution+of+mobile+broadband&rft.pub=Ericsson.com&rft.date=2009-01-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ericsson.com%2Fres%2Fthecompany%2Fdocs%2Fpublications%2Fericsson_review%2F2009%2Fissue1%2Fhspa.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvolved+High+Speed+Packet+Access" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">R1-081546, “Initial multi-carrier HSPA performance evaluation”, Ericsson, 3GPP TSG-RAN WG1 #52bis, April, 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/html-info/25825.htm">"3GPP specification: 25.825"</a>. <i>3gpp.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=3gpp.org&rft.atitle=3GPP+specification%3A+25.825&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.3gpp.org%2Fftp%2FSpecs%2Fhtml-info%2F25825.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvolved+High+Speed+Packet+Access" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nomor_1-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Nomor_1_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140201161319/http://www.nomor.de/home/technology/white-papers/dual-cell-hspa-and-its-future-evolution">"Dual-Cell HSPA and its Future Evolution - Nomor Research"</a>. nomor. 2010-10-10. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-03-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dual-Cell+HSPA+and+its+Future+Evolution+-+Nomor+Research&rft.pub=nomor&rft.date=2010-10-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nomor.de%2Fhome%2Ftechnology%2Fwhite-papers%2Fdual-cell-hspa-and-its-future-evolution&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvolved+High+Speed+Packet+Access" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nomor_2-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Nomor_2_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140201161322/http://www.nomor.de/home/technology/3gpp-newsletter/2009-03-standardisation-updates-on-hspa-evolution">"2009-03: Standardisation updates on HSPA Evolution - Nomor Research"</a>. nomor. 2010-10-10. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-03-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2009-03%3A+Standardisation+updates+on+HSPA+Evolution+-+Nomor+Research&rft.pub=nomor&rft.date=2010-10-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nomor.de%2Fhome%2Ftechnology%2F3gpp-newsletter%2F2009-03-standardisation-updates-on-hspa-evolution&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvolved+High+Speed+Packet+Access" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181120055200/https://www.radio-electronics.com/info/cellulartelecomms/3g-hspa/dc-dual-carrier-hspa-hsdpa.php">"Dual carrier HSPA: DC-HSPA, DC-HSPDA"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.radio-electronics.com/info/cellulartelecomms/3g-hspa/dc-dual-carrier-hspa-hsdpa.php">the original</a> on 2018-11-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-03-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dual+carrier+HSPA%3A+DC-HSPA%2C+DC-HSPDA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.radio-electronics.com%2Finfo%2Fcellulartelecomms%2F3g-hspa%2Fdc-dual-carrier-hspa-hsdpa.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvolved+High+Speed+Packet+Access" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">3GPP TS 25.306 v11.0.0 <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/html-info/25306.htm">http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/html-info/25306.htm</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nomor-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Nomor_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140201161322/http://www.nomor.de/home/technology/3gpp-newsletter/2009-03-standardisation-updates-on-hspa-evolution">"Nomor 3GPP Newsletter 2009-03: Standardisation updates on HSPA Evolution"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nomor.de/home/technology/3gpp-newsletter/2009-03-standardisation-updates-on-hspa-evolution">the original</a> on 2014-02-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-03-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nomor+3GPP+Newsletter+2009-03%3A+Standardisation+updates+on+HSPA+Evolution&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nomor.de%2Fhome%2Ftechnology%2F3gpp-newsletter%2F2009-03-standardisation-updates-on-hspa-evolution&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvolved+High+Speed+Packet+Access" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.3gpp.org/releases">3GPP releases</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DC-HSUPA-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DC-HSUPA_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nomor.de/home/technology/3gpp-newsletter/2009-03-standardisation-updates-on-hspa-evolution">Nomor 3GPP Newsletter 2009-03: Standardisation updates on HSPA Evolution</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140201161322/http://www.nomor.de/home/technology/3gpp-newsletter/2009-03-standardisation-updates-on-hspa-evolution">Archived</a> 2014-02-01 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, nomor.de</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140201161319/http://www.nomor.de/home/technology/white-papers/dual-cell-hspa-and-its-future-evolution">"Nomor Research White Paper: Dual-Cell HSDPA and its Evolution"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nomor.de/home/technology/white-papers/dual-cell-hspa-and-its-future-evolution">the original</a> on 2014-02-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-03-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nomor+Research+White+Paper%3A+Dual-Cell+HSDPA+and+its+Evolution&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nomor.de%2Fhome%2Ftechnology%2Fwhite-papers%2Fdual-cell-hspa-and-its-future-evolution&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvolved+High+Speed+Packet+Access" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ericsson-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ericsson_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKlas_JohanssonJohan_BergmanDirk_GerstenbergerMats_Blomgren2009" class="citation web cs1">Klas Johansson; Johan Bergman; Dirk Gerstenberger; Mats Blomgren; Anders Wallén (28 January 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130526034623/http://www.ericsson.com/res/thecompany/docs/journal_conference_papers/atsp/multi-carrier_hspa_evolution.pdf">"Multi-Carrier HSPA Evolution"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Ericsson.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ericsson.com/res/thecompany/docs/journal_conference_papers/atsp/multi-carrier_hspa_evolution.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 26 May 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-06-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Multi-Carrier+HSPA+Evolution&rft.pub=Ericsson.com&rft.date=2009-01-28&rft.au=Klas+Johansson&rft.au=Johan+Bergman&rft.au=Dirk+Gerstenberger&rft.au=Mats+Blomgren&rft.au=Anders+Wall%C3%A9n&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ericsson.com%2Fres%2Fthecompany%2Fdocs%2Fjournal_conference_papers%2Fatsp%2Fmulti-carrier_hspa_evolution.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvolved+High+Speed+Packet+Access" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nokiasiemensnetworks-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nokiasiemensnetworks_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120318061643/http://www.nokiasiemensnetworks.com/sites/default/files/document/HSPA_evolution_white_paper_low_res_141220.pdf">"White paper Long Term HSPA Evolution Mobile broadband evolution beyond 3GPP Release 10"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Nokiaslemensnetworks.com. 14 December 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nokiasiemensnetworks.com/sites/default/files/document/HSPA_evolution_white_paper_low_res_141220.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2012-03-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-06-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=White+paper+Long+Term+HSPA+Evolution+Mobile+broadband+evolution+beyond+3GPP+Release+10&rft.pub=Nokiaslemensnetworks.com&rft.date=2010-12-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nokiasiemensnetworks.com%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fdocument%2FHSPA_evolution_white_paper_low_res_141220.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvolved+High+Speed+Packet+Access" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.nokiasiemensnetworks.com/products/mobile-broadband/internet-hspa">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110102060653/http://www.nokiasiemensnetworks.com/products/mobile-broadband/internet-hspa">Archived</a> 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Service">MTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Improved_Mobile_Telephone_Service" title="Improved Mobile Telephone Service">IMTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altai_(mobile_telephone_system)" title="Altai (mobile telephone system)">Altai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OLT_(mobile_network)" title="OLT (mobile network)">OLT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTD_(mobile_network)" title="MTD (mobile network)">MTA - MTB - MTC - MTD</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_TeleSeratout&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mobile TeleSeratout (page does not exist)">Mobile TeleSeratout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Mobile_Telephone_System" title="Advanced Mobile Telephone System">AMTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autotel" title="Autotel">Autotel (PALM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autoradiopuhelin" title="Autoradiopuhelin">ARP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B-Netz" title="B-Netz">B-Netz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMR_radiotelephone_network_(Czechoslovakia)" title="AMR radiotelephone network (Czechoslovakia)">AMR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1G" title="1G">1G</a> (1979)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Mobile_Phone_System" title="Advanced Mobile Phone System">AMPS</a> family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Mobile_Phone_System" title="Advanced Mobile Phone System">AMPS - N-AMPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Total_Access_Communication_System" title="Total Access Communication System">TACS - ETACS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_Mobile_Telephone" title="Nordic Mobile Telephone">NMT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C-Netz" title="C-Netz">C-450</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hicap" title="Hicap">Hicap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobitex" title="Mobitex">Mobitex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DataTAC" title="DataTAC">DataTAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CT1" title="CT1">CT1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTMI" title="RTMI">RTMI</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/2G" title="2G">2G</a> (1991)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a>/<a href="/wiki/3GPP" title="3GPP">3GPP</a> family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circuit_Switched_Data" title="Circuit Switched Data">CSD - HSCSD</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/3rd_Generation_Partnership_Project_2" title="3rd Generation Partnership Project 2">3GPP2</a> family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CdmaOne" title="CdmaOne">cdmaOne (IS-95)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Mobile_Phone_System" title="Advanced Mobile Phone System">AMPS</a> family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_AMPS" title="Digital AMPS">D-AMPS (IS-54 and IS-136)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cellular_digital_packet_data" title="Cellular digital packet data">CDPD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IDEN" title="IDEN">iDEN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_Digital_Cellular" title="Personal Digital Cellular">PDC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_Handy-phone_System" title="Personal Handy-phone System">PHS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CT2" title="CT2">CT2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/2G#Evolution" title="2G">2G transitional<br />(2.5G, 2.75G, 2.9G)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a>/3GPP family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Packet_Radio_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="General Packet Radio Service">GPRS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_Data_rates_for_GSM_Evolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution">EDGE/EGPRS - Evolved EDGE</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">3GPP2 family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CDMA2000#1X" title="CDMA2000">CDMA2000 1X</a> (TIA/EIA/IS-2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CDMA2000#1X_Advanced" title="CDMA2000">CDMA2000 1X Advanced</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WiDEN" class="mw-redirect" title="WiDEN">WiDEN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_enhanced_cordless_telecommunications" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital enhanced cordless telecommunications">DECT</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/3G" title="3G">3G</a> (1998)<br /><a href="/wiki/IMT-2000" title="IMT-2000">IMT-2000</a> (2001)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">3GPP family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/W-CDMA" class="mw-redirect" title="W-CDMA">UTRA-FDD / W-CDMA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_Mobile_Multimedia_Access" title="Freedom of Mobile Multimedia Access">FOMA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TD-SCDMA" class="mw-redirect" title="TD-SCDMA">UTRA-TDD LCR / TD-SCDMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TD-CDMA" class="mw-redirect" title="TD-CDMA">UTRA-TDD HCR / TD-CDMA</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">3GPP2 family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evolution-Data_Optimized" title="Evolution-Data Optimized">CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Release 0</a> (TIA/IS-856)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/3G#Evolution" title="3G">3G transitional<br />(3.5G, 3.75G, 3.9G)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">3GPP family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High_Speed_Packet_Access" title="High Speed Packet Access">HSPA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High_Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access" class="mw-redirect" title="High Speed Downlink Packet Access">HSDPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Speed_Uplink_Packet_Access" class="mw-redirect" title="High Speed Uplink Packet Access">HSUPA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">HSPA+</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DC-HSDPA" class="mw-redirect" title="DC-HSDPA">DC-HSDPA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LTE_(telecommunication)" title="LTE (telecommunication)">LTE</a> (<a href="/wiki/E-UTRA" title="E-UTRA">E-UTRA</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">3GPP2 family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>CDMA2000 <a href="/wiki/Evolution-Data_Optimized" title="Evolution-Data Optimized">1xEV-DO Revision A</a> (TIA/EIA/IS-856-A)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolution-Data_Optimized" title="Evolution-Data Optimized">EV-DO Revision B</a> (TIA/EIA/IS-856-B)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolution-Data_Optimized" title="Evolution-Data Optimized">EV-DO Revision C</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Electrical_and_Electronics_Engineers" title="Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers">IEEE</a> family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WiMAX" title="WiMAX">Mobile WiMAX</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.16" title="IEEE 802.16">IEEE 802.16e</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthogonal_frequency-division_multiplexing#FLASH-OFDM" title="Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing">Flash-OFDM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.20" title="IEEE 802.20">iBurst (IEEE 802.20)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WiBro" title="WiBro">WiBro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/ETSI" class="mw-redirect" title="ETSI">ETSI</a> family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HiperMAN" title="HiperMAN">HiperMAN</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/4G" title="4G">4G</a> (2009)<br /><a href="/wiki/IMT_Advanced" title="IMT Advanced">IMT Advanced</a> (2013)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">3GPP family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LTE_Advanced" title="LTE Advanced">LTE Advanced</a> (<a href="/wiki/E-UTRA" title="E-UTRA">E-UTRA</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/LTE_Advanced_Pro" class="mw-redirect" title="LTE Advanced Pro">LTE Advanced Pro</a> (4.5G/4.9G)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">IEEE family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WiMAX" title="WiMAX">WiMAX</a> (<a href="/wiki/IEEE_802.16" title="IEEE 802.16">IEEE 802.16m</a>) <ul><li>WiMax 2.1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WiBro" title="WiBro">WiBro</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/5G" title="5G">5G</a> (2018)<br /><a href="/wiki/IMT-2020" title="IMT-2020">IMT-2020</a> (2021)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">3GPP family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/5G_NR" title="5G NR">5G NR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5G-Advanced" class="mw-redirect" title="5G-Advanced">5G-Advanced</a> (5.5G)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NR-IIoT&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NR-IIoT (page does not exist)">NR-IIoT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LTE-M" title="LTE-M">LTE-M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narrowband_IoT" title="Narrowband IoT">NB-IoT</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DECT-5G&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DECT-5G (page does not exist)">DECT-5G</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cellular_network" title="Cellular network">Cellular networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_telephony" title="Mobile telephony">Mobile telephony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_mobile_phones" title="History of mobile phones">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_mobile_phone_standards" title="Comparison of mobile phone standards">Comparison of standards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_access_method" title="Channel access method">Channel access methods</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frequency-division_multiple_access" title="Frequency-division multiple access">FDMA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orthogonal_frequency-division_multiple_access" title="Orthogonal frequency-division multiple access">OFDMA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time-division_multiple_access" title="Time-division multiple access">TDMA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Self-organized_time-division_multiple_access" title="Self-organized time-division multiple access">STDMA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spread_spectrum" title="Spread spectrum">SSMA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Code-division_multiple_access" title="Code-division multiple access">CDMA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space-division_multiple_access" title="Space-division multiple access">SDMA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spectral_efficiency#Comparison_table" title="Spectral efficiency">Spectral efficiency comparison table</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cellular_frequencies" title="Cellular frequencies">Frequency bands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GSM_frequency_bands" title="GSM frequency bands">GSM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UMTS_frequency_bands" title="UMTS frequency bands">UMTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LTE_frequency_bands" title="LTE frequency bands">LTE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5G_NR_frequency_bands" title="5G NR frequency bands">5G NR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CDMA_frequency_bands" title="CDMA frequency bands">CDMA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_broadband" title="Mobile broadband">Mobile broadband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multimedia_Broadcast_Multicast_Service" title="Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service">Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Next_Generation_Mobile_Networks" title="Next Generation Mobile Networks">NGMN Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Push-to-talk" title="Push-to-talk">Push-to-talk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MIMO" title="MIMO">MIMO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IP_Multimedia_Subsystem" title="IP Multimedia Subsystem">IMS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Voice_over_LTE" title="Voice over LTE">VoLTE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_over_LTE" title="Video over LTE">ViLTE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_over_NR" title="Voice over NR">VoNR</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Video_over_NR&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Video over NR (page does not exist)">ViNR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generic_Access_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Generic Access Network">Wi-Fi Calling</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osmocom" title="Osmocom">Osmocom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" 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