CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html > <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" name="viewport"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs"> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="F7Mmh+IZDrUKfTkjtAOsszJDf6A9dScA8v/Km8mLMTLz3nGsPDfik7c0txb3KsvCIfkatkhHpbgYTIsPwbz5Xg==" /> <meta name="citation_title" content="The Legacy of Rana Plaza: Improving Labour and Social Standards in Bangladesh’s Apparel Industry" /> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2017" /> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Governing Corporate Social Responsibility in the Apparel Industry after Rana Plaza" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Mustafizur Rahman" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Khondaker Golam Moazzem" /> <meta name="citation_firstpage" content="81-109" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/66672682/The_Legacy_of_Rana_Plaza_Improving_Labour_and_Social_Standards_in_Bangladesh_s_Apparel_Industry" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="The Legacy of Rana Plaza: Improving Labour and Social Standards in Bangladesh’s Apparel Industry" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="This chapter examines the system of compliance assurance prior to the Rana Plaza tragedy regarding arrangements for the safety of workers, workplace environment, enforcement of labour laws and workers’ rights, minimum wages, regulatory systems and" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://0.academia-photos.com/115613477/29711600/27615769/s200_dr._khondaker_golam.moazzem.jpg" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="2369844204" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/66672682/The_Legacy_of_Rana_Plaza_Improving_Labour_and_Social_Standards_in_Bangladesh_s_Apparel_Industry" /> <meta property="og:title" content="The Legacy of Rana Plaza: Improving Labour and Social Standards in Bangladesh’s Apparel Industry" /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-paper.gif" /> <meta property="og:description" content="This chapter examines the system of compliance assurance prior to the Rana Plaza tragedy regarding arrangements for the safety of workers, workplace environment, enforcement of labour laws and workers’ rights, minimum wages, regulatory systems and" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://independent.academia.edu/DrKhondakerGolamMoazzem" /> <meta name="description" content="This chapter examines the system of compliance assurance prior to the Rana Plaza tragedy regarding arrangements for the safety of workers, workplace environment, enforcement of labour laws and workers’ rights, minimum wages, regulatory systems and" /> <title>(PDF) The Legacy of Rana Plaza: Improving Labour and Social Standards in Bangladesh’s Apparel Industry | Dr. Khondaker Golam Moazzem - Academia.edu</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/66672689/The_Legacy_of_Rana_Plaza_Improving_Labour_and_Social_Standards_in_Bangladesh_s_Apparel_Industry" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '92477ec68c09d28ae4730a4143c926f074776319'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1732824597000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1732824597000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"This chapter examines the system of compliance assurance prior to the Rana Plaza tragedy regarding arrangements for the safety of workers, workplace environment, enforcement of labour laws and workers’ rights, minimum wages, regulatory systems and institutional oversight. We review the various initiatives involving the government of Bangladesh, major buyers, business associations and the International Labour Organization (ILO), as part of the Accord, Alliance and the Tripartite agreement. We assess the new institutional set-up and enforcement mechanisms. We take the view that for this newly emerging governance architecture to be sustainable and replicable, fiscal and financial support to enterprises must be provided. Developing domestic capacities concerning technical aspects of compliance assurance and putting in place institutional mechanisms for enforcement of labour and social standards are also required. To ensure sustainability of the ongoing measures, particularly after the A...","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Dr. Khondaker Golam Moazzem"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2021-12-30","dateModified":null,"datePublished":"2017-01-01","headline":"The Legacy of Rana Plaza: Improving Labour and Social Standards in Bangladesh’s Apparel Industry","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["Business"],"locationCreated":null,"publication":null,"publisher":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Organization","name":null},"image":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/66672682/The_Legacy_of_Rana_Plaza_Improving_Labour_and_Social_Standards_in_Bangladesh_s_Apparel_Industry","sourceOrganization":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"EducationalOrganization","name":null}]}</script><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_page/loswp-102fa537001ba4d8dcd921ad9bd56c474abc201906ea4843e7e7efe9dfbf561d.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/body-8d679e925718b5e8e4b18e9a4fab37f7eaa99e43386459376559080ac8f2856a.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/button-3cea6e0ad4715ed965c49bfb15dedfc632787b32ff6d8c3a474182b231146ab7.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/text_button-73590134e40cdb49f9abdc8e796cc00dc362693f3f0f6137d6cf9bb78c318ce7.css" /><link crossorigin="" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com/" rel="preconnect" /><link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=DM+Sans:ital,opsz,wght@0,9..40,100..1000;1,9..40,100..1000&family=Gupter:wght@400;500;700&family=IBM+Plex+Mono:wght@300;400&family=Material+Symbols+Outlined:opsz,wght,FILL,GRAD@20,400,0,0&display=swap" rel="stylesheet" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/common-10fa40af19d25203774df2d4a03b9b5771b45109c2304968038e88a81d1215c5.css" /> </head> <body> <div id='react-modal'></div> <div class="js-upgrade-ie-banner" style="display: none; text-align: center; padding: 8px 0; background-color: #ebe480;"><p style="color: #000; font-size: 12px; margin: 0 0 4px;">Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.</p><p style="color: #000; font-size: 12px; margin: 0;">To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to <a href="https://www.academia.edu/upgrade-browser">upgrade your browser</a>.</p></div><script>// Show this banner for all versions of IE if (!!window.MSInputMethodContext || /(MSIE)/.test(navigator.userAgent)) { document.querySelector('.js-upgrade-ie-banner').style.display = 'block'; }</script> <div class="bootstrap login"><div class="modal fade login-modal" id="login-modal"><div class="login-modal-dialog modal-dialog"><div class="modal-content"><div class="modal-header"><button class="close close" data-dismiss="modal" type="button"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span><span class="sr-only">Close</span></button><h4 class="modal-title text-center"><strong>Log In</strong></h4></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><button class="btn btn-fb btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-facebook-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 19px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="facebook-square" class="svg-inline--fa fa-facebook-square fa-w-14" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M400 32H48A48 48 0 0 0 0 80v352a48 48 0 0 0 48 48h137.25V327.69h-63V256h63v-54.64c0-62.15 37-96.48 93.67-96.48 27.14 0 55.52 4.84 55.52 4.84v61h-31.27c-30.81 0-40.42 19.12-40.42 38.73V256h68.78l-11 71.69h-57.78V480H400a48 48 0 0 0 48-48V80a48 48 0 0 0-48-48z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Facebook</strong></small></button><br /><button class="btn btn-google btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-google-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 22px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="google-plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-google-plus fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256,8C119.1,8,8,119.1,8,256S119.1,504,256,504,504,392.9,504,256,392.9,8,256,8ZM185.3,380a124,124,0,0,1,0-248c31.3,0,60.1,11,83,32.3l-33.6,32.6c-13.2-12.9-31.3-19.1-49.4-19.1-42.9,0-77.2,35.5-77.2,78.1S142.3,334,185.3,334c32.6,0,64.9-19.1,70.1-53.3H185.3V238.1H302.2a109.2,109.2,0,0,1,1.9,20.7c0,70.8-47.5,121.2-118.8,121.2ZM415.5,273.8v35.5H380V273.8H344.5V238.3H380V202.8h35.5v35.5h35.2v35.5Z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Google</strong></small></button><br /><style type="text/css">.sign-in-with-apple-button { width: 100%; height: 52px; border-radius: 3px; border: 1px solid black; cursor: pointer; }</style><script src="https://appleid.cdn-apple.com/appleauth/static/jsapi/appleid/1/en_US/appleid.auth.js" type="text/javascript"></script><div class="sign-in-with-apple-button" data-border="false" data-color="white" id="appleid-signin"><span   ="Sign Up with Apple" class="u-fs11"></span></div><script>AppleID.auth.init({ clientId: 'edu.academia.applesignon', scope: 'name email', redirectURI: 'https://www.academia.edu/sessions', state: "4cf98d1f58704debef184e78a17b679fb8db342331f8c29119ca811999dec432", });</script><script>// Hacky way of checking if on fast loswp if (window.loswp == null) { (function() { const Google = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Google; const Facebook = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Facebook; if (Google) { new Google({ el: '#login-google-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } if (Facebook) { new Facebook({ el: '#login-facebook-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } })(); }</script></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><div class="hr-heading login-hr-heading"><span class="hr-heading-text">or</span></div></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><form class="js-login-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/sessions" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="qbYHl0MLF95rR3PlBpg2sMoU21FGgfykvupCWmZFLe1N21C8nSX7+NYO/dBFsVHB2a6+RzOzfhxUWQPObnLlgQ==" autocomplete="off" /><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-email-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Email</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-email-input" name="login" type="email" /></div><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-password-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Password</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-password-input" name="password" type="password" /></div><input type="hidden" name="post_login_redirect_url" id="post_login_redirect_url" value="https://www.academia.edu/66672682/The_Legacy_of_Rana_Plaza_Improving_Labour_and_Social_Standards_in_Bangladesh_s_Apparel_Industry" autocomplete="off" /><div class="checkbox"><label><input type="checkbox" name="remember_me" id="remember_me" value="1" checked="checked" /><small style="font-size: 12px; margin-top: 2px; display: inline-block;">Remember me on this computer</small></label></div><br><input type="submit" name="commit" value="Log In" class="btn btn-primary btn-block btn-lg js-login-submit" data-disable-with="Log In" /></br></form><script>typeof window?.Aedu?.recaptchaManagedForm === 'function' && window.Aedu.recaptchaManagedForm( document.querySelector('.js-login-form'), document.querySelector('.js-login-submit') );</script><small style="font-size: 12px;"><br />or <a data-target="#login-modal-reset-password-container" data-toggle="collapse" href="javascript:void(0)">reset password</a></small><div class="collapse" id="login-modal-reset-password-container"><br /><div class="well margin-0x"><form class="js-password-reset-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/reset_password" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="WcsSz5mrfcDHYvJGK+36xdRK8xOuTVl3+yDts3ldAKK9pkXkR4WR5norfHNoxJ20x/CWBdt/288Rk6wncWrIzg==" autocomplete="off" /><p>Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link.</p><div class="form-group"><input class="form-control" name="email" type="email" /></div><input class="btn btn-primary btn-block g-recaptcha js-password-reset-submit" data-sitekey="6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj" type="submit" value="Email me a link" /></form></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/collapse-45805421cf446ca5adf7aaa1935b08a3a8d1d9a6cc5d91a62a2a3a00b20b3e6a.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb $("#login-modal-reset-password-container").on("shown.bs.collapse", function() { $(this).find("input[type=email]").focus(); }); }); </script> </div></div></div><div class="modal-footer"><div class="text-center"><small style="font-size: 12px;">Need an account? <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Click here to sign up</a></small></div></div></div></div></div></div><script>// If we are on subdomain or non-bootstrapped page, redirect to login page instead of showing modal (function(){ if (typeof $ === 'undefined') return; var host = window.location.hostname; if ((host === $domain || host === "www."+$domain) && (typeof $().modal === 'function')) { $("#nav_log_in").click(function(e) { // Don't follow the link and open the modal e.preventDefault(); $("#login-modal").on('shown.bs.modal', function() { $(this).find("#login-modal-email-input").focus() }).modal('show'); }); } })()</script> <div id="fb-root"></div><script>window.fbAsyncInit = function() { FB.init({ appId: "2369844204", version: "v8.0", status: true, cookie: true, xfbml: true }); // Additional initialization code. if (window.InitFacebook) { // facebook.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitFacebook(); } else { // Set a flag for facebook.ts to find when it loads. window.academiaAuthReadyFacebook = true; } };</script> <div id="google-root"></div><script>window.loadGoogle = function() { if (window.InitGoogle) { // google.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitGoogle("331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"); } else { // Set a flag for google.ts to use when it loads. window.GoogleClientID = "331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"; } };</script> <div class="header--container" id="main-header-container"><div class="header--inner-container header--inner-container-ds2"><div class="header-ds2--left-wrapper"><div class="header-ds2--left-wrapper-inner"><a data-main-header-link-target="logo_home" href="https://www.academia.edu/"><img class="hide-on-desktop-redesign" style="height: 24px; width: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015-A.svg" width="24" height="24" /><img width="145.2" height="18" class="hide-on-mobile-redesign" style="height: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015.svg" /></a><div class="header--search-container header--search-container-ds2"><form class="js-SiteSearch-form select2-no-default-pills" action="https://www.academia.edu/search" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><svg style="width: 14px; height: 14px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="search" class="header--search-icon svg-inline--fa fa-search fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M505 442.7L405.3 343c-4.5-4.5-10.6-7-17-7H372c27.6-35.3 44-79.7 44-128C416 93.1 322.9 0 208 0S0 93.1 0 208s93.1 208 208 208c48.3 0 92.7-16.4 128-44v16.3c0 6.4 2.5 12.5 7 17l99.7 99.7c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0l28.3-28.3c9.4-9.4 9.4-24.6.1-34zM208 336c-70.7 0-128-57.2-128-128 0-70.7 57.2-128 128-128 70.7 0 128 57.2 128 128 0 70.7-57.2 128-128 128z"></path></svg><input class="header--search-input header--search-input-ds2 js-SiteSearch-form-input" data-main-header-click-target="search_input" name="q" placeholder="Search" type="text" /></form></div></div></div><nav class="header--nav-buttons header--nav-buttons-ds2 js-main-nav"><a class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-header-login-url header-button-ds2 header-login-ds2 hide-on-mobile-redesign" href="https://www.academia.edu/login" rel="nofollow">Log In</a><a class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary header-button-ds2 hide-on-mobile-redesign" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup" rel="nofollow">Sign Up</a><button class="header--hamburger-button header--hamburger-button-ds2 hide-on-desktop-redesign js-header-hamburger-button"><div class="icon-bar"></div><div class="icon-bar" style="margin-top: 4px;"></div><div class="icon-bar" style="margin-top: 4px;"></div></button></nav></div><ul class="header--dropdown-container js-header-dropdown"><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/login" rel="nofollow">Log In</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup" rel="nofollow">Sign Up</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row js-header-dropdown-expand-button"><button class="header--dropdown-button">more<svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="caret-down" class="header--dropdown-button-icon svg-inline--fa fa-caret-down fa-w-10" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M31.3 192h257.3c17.8 0 26.7 21.5 14.1 34.1L174.1 354.8c-7.8 7.8-20.5 7.8-28.3 0L17.2 226.1C4.6 213.5 13.5 192 31.3 192z"></path></svg></button></li><li><ul class="header--expanded-dropdown-container"><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://medium.com/@academia">Blog</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="briefcase" class="header--dropdown-row-icon svg-inline--fa fa-briefcase fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M320 336c0 8.84-7.16 16-16 16h-96c-8.84 0-16-7.16-16-16v-48H0v144c0 25.6 22.4 48 48 48h416c25.6 0 48-22.4 48-48V288H320v48zm144-208h-80V80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48H176c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v48H48c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v80h512v-80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48zm-144 0H192V96h128v32z"></path></svg>We're Hiring!</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://support.academia.edu/"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="question-circle" class="header--dropdown-row-icon svg-inline--fa fa-question-circle fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M504 256c0 136.997-111.043 248-248 248S8 392.997 8 256C8 119.083 119.043 8 256 8s248 111.083 248 248zM262.655 90c-54.497 0-89.255 22.957-116.549 63.758-3.536 5.286-2.353 12.415 2.715 16.258l34.699 26.31c5.205 3.947 12.621 3.008 16.665-2.122 17.864-22.658 30.113-35.797 57.303-35.797 20.429 0 45.698 13.148 45.698 32.958 0 14.976-12.363 22.667-32.534 33.976C247.128 238.528 216 254.941 216 296v4c0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12h56c6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12v-1.333c0-28.462 83.186-29.647 83.186-106.667 0-58.002-60.165-102-116.531-102zM256 338c-25.365 0-46 20.635-46 46 0 25.364 20.635 46 46 46s46-20.636 46-46c0-25.365-20.635-46-46-46z"></path></svg>Help Center</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row js-header-dropdown-collapse-button"><button class="header--dropdown-button">less<svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="caret-up" class="header--dropdown-button-icon svg-inline--fa fa-caret-up fa-w-10" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z"></path></svg></button></li></ul></li></ul></div> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/fast_loswp-bundle-5a6217ebba1e3e193cb1032ca4e3bea5eb426dd3928dd536d7bf14b642b1cd3a.js" defer="defer"></script><script>window.loswp = {}; window.loswp.author = 115613477; window.loswp.bulkDownloadFilterCounts = {}; window.loswp.hasDownloadableAttachment = true; window.loswp.hasViewableAttachments = true; // TODO: just use routes for this window.loswp.loginUrl = "https://www.academia.edu/login?post_login_redirect_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F66672682%2FThe_Legacy_of_Rana_Plaza_Improving_Labour_and_Social_Standards_in_Bangladesh_s_Apparel_Industry%3Fauto%3Ddownload"; window.loswp.translateUrl = "https://www.academia.edu/login?post_login_redirect_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F66672682%2FThe_Legacy_of_Rana_Plaza_Improving_Labour_and_Social_Standards_in_Bangladesh_s_Apparel_Industry%3Fshow_translation%3Dtrue"; window.loswp.previewableAttachments = [{"id":77773253,"identifier":"Attachment_77773253","shouldShowBulkDownload":false}]; window.loswp.shouldDetectTimezone = true; window.loswp.shouldShowBulkDownload = true; window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":66672682,"created_at":"2021-12-30T23:15:24.764-08:00","from_world_paper_id":189976302,"updated_at":"2022-06-20T12:04:21.444-07:00","_data":{"abstract":"This chapter examines the system of compliance assurance prior to the Rana Plaza tragedy regarding arrangements for the safety of workers, workplace environment, enforcement of labour laws and workers’ rights, minimum wages, regulatory systems and institutional oversight. We review the various initiatives involving the government of Bangladesh, major buyers, business associations and the International Labour Organization (ILO), as part of the Accord, Alliance and the Tripartite agreement. We assess the new institutional set-up and enforcement mechanisms. We take the view that for this newly emerging governance architecture to be sustainable and replicable, fiscal and financial support to enterprises must be provided. Developing domestic capacities concerning technical aspects of compliance assurance and putting in place institutional mechanisms for enforcement of labour and social standards are also required. To ensure sustainability of the ongoing measures, particularly after the A...","publication_date":"2017,,"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"The Legacy of Rana Plaza: Improving Labour and Social Standards in Bangladesh’s Apparel Industry","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [115613477]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":77773253,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “The Legacy of Rana Plaza: Improving Labour and Social Standards in Bangladesh’s Apparel Industry”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/77773253/mini_magick20211230-17958-1omv02b.png?1640935039" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_splash/adobe.icon-574afd46eb6b03a77a153a647fb47e30546f9215c0ee6a25df597a779717f9ef.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">The Legacy of Rana Plaza: Improving Labour and Social Standards in Bangladesh’s Apparel Industry</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="115613477" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DrKhondakerGolamMoazzem"><img alt="Profile image of Dr. Khondaker Golam Moazzem" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/115613477/29711600/27615769/s65_dr._khondaker_golam.moazzem.jpg" />Dr. Khondaker Golam Moazzem</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2017</p></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">This chapter examines the system of compliance assurance prior to the Rana Plaza tragedy regarding arrangements for the safety of workers, workplace environment, enforcement of labour laws and workers’ rights, minimum wages, regulatory systems and institutional oversight. We review the various initiatives involving the government of Bangladesh, major buyers, business associations and the International Labour Organization (ILO), as part of the Accord, Alliance and the Tripartite agreement. We assess the new institutional set-up and enforcement mechanisms. We take the view that for this newly emerging governance architecture to be sustainable and replicable, fiscal and financial support to enterprises must be provided. Developing domestic capacities concerning technical aspects of compliance assurance and putting in place institutional mechanisms for enforcement of labour and social standards are also required. To ensure sustainability of the ongoing measures, particularly after the A...</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":77773253,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/66672682/The_Legacy_of_Rana_Plaza_Improving_Labour_and_Social_Standards_in_Bangladesh_s_Apparel_Industry"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":77773253,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/66672682/The_Legacy_of_Rana_Plaza_Improving_Labour_and_Social_Standards_in_Bangladesh_s_Apparel_Industry"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="77773253" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/66672682/The_Legacy_of_Rana_Plaza_Improving_Labour_and_Social_Standards_in_Bangladesh_s_Apparel_Industry" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="17271190" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/17271190/Safety_and_labour_conditions_the_accord_and_the_national_tripartite_plan_of_action_for_the_garment_industry_in_Bangladesh">Safety and labour conditions: the accord and the national tripartite plan of action for the garment industry in Bangladesh</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="10110948" href="https://uni-kassel.academia.edu/ChristaWichterich">Christa Wichterich</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The factory fire at Tazreen Fashions in 2012 and the collapse of the Rana Plaza in 2013 generated a huge outcry about the working conditions and labour relations in the Readymade Garment (RMG) industry in Bangladesh, and led to the adoption of the multi-stakeholder agreements Accord on Fire and Building Safety in Bangladesh (Accord) at the international level and the National Tripartite Plan of Action (NTPA) at the domestic level. This paper investigates how the Accord and the NTPA have been implemented in the first two years after their adoption, whether they have contributed to an overall improvement in safety and labour conditions as well as to organizing in the RMG sector, and whether they can be considered as a “major breakthrough” and “game changer”. The empirical research highlights the scope and limitations of the coverage of the two agreements. The findings indicate that after an initially good take-off, the activities lost pace and intensity and the remediation came almost to a standstill. The main assumption of the analysis of the Accord and NTPA implementation is that this process, its pace, results and constraints are consequences of the underlying power structures of the transnational apparel chains and the actual imbalance of power among the stakeholders.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Safety and labour conditions: the accord and the national tripartite plan of action for the garment industry in Bangladesh","attachmentId":39409626,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/17271190/Safety_and_labour_conditions_the_accord_and_the_national_tripartite_plan_of_action_for_the_garment_industry_in_Bangladesh","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/17271190/Safety_and_labour_conditions_the_accord_and_the_national_tripartite_plan_of_action_for_the_garment_industry_in_Bangladesh"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="15783894" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/15783894/LABOUR_STANDARDS_IN_THE_BANGLADESH_GARMENT_INDUSTRY_A_POLITICAL_ECONOMY_PERSPECTIVE_LABOUR_STANDARDS_IN_THE_BANGLADESH_GARMENT_INDUSTRY_A_POLITICAL_ECONOMY_PERSPECTIVE">LABOUR STANDARDS IN THE BANGLADESH GARMENT INDUSTRY: A POLITICAL ECONOMY PERSPECTIVE LABOUR STANDARDS IN THE BANGLADESH GARMENT INDUSTRY: A POLITICAL ECONOMY PERSPECTIVE</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="34973776" href="https://laurentian.academia.edu/SadequlIslam">Sadequl Islam</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"LABOUR STANDARDS IN THE BANGLADESH GARMENT INDUSTRY: A POLITICAL ECONOMY PERSPECTIVE LABOUR STANDARDS IN THE BANGLADESH GARMENT INDUSTRY: A POLITICAL ECONOMY PERSPECTIVE","attachmentId":38794053,"attachmentType":"docx","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/15783894/LABOUR_STANDARDS_IN_THE_BANGLADESH_GARMENT_INDUSTRY_A_POLITICAL_ECONOMY_PERSPECTIVE_LABOUR_STANDARDS_IN_THE_BANGLADESH_GARMENT_INDUSTRY_A_POLITICAL_ECONOMY_PERSPECTIVE","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/15783894/LABOUR_STANDARDS_IN_THE_BANGLADESH_GARMENT_INDUSTRY_A_POLITICAL_ECONOMY_PERSPECTIVE_LABOUR_STANDARDS_IN_THE_BANGLADESH_GARMENT_INDUSTRY_A_POLITICAL_ECONOMY_PERSPECTIVE"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="48770471" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/48770471/Contested_compliance_regimes_in_global_production_networks_Insights_from_the_Bangladesh_garment_industry">Contested compliance regimes in global production networks: Insights from the Bangladesh garment industry</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="25472999" href="https://massey.academia.edu/FahreenAlamgir">Fahreen Alamgir</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Human Relations</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Contested compliance regimes in global production networks: Insights from the Bangladesh garment industry","attachmentId":67213608,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/48770471/Contested_compliance_regimes_in_global_production_networks_Insights_from_the_Bangladesh_garment_industry","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/48770471/Contested_compliance_regimes_in_global_production_networks_Insights_from_the_Bangladesh_garment_industry"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="87841190" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/87841190/THE_IMPLEMENTATION_OF_THE_CORE_INTERNATIONAL_LABOUR_RIGHTS_REGIME_IN_BANGLADESH_GARMENTS_INDUSTRIES_AND_ITS_CHALLENGES">THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CORE INTERNATIONAL LABOUR RIGHTS REGIME IN BANGLADESH GARMENTS INDUSTRIES AND ITS CHALLENGES</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="81611419" href="https://malaya.academia.edu/MoinUddin">Moin Uddin</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="53651434" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MdSalahUddin21">Md. Salah Uddin</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Asian and African Social Science and Humanities, 2022</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The theory of ‘core labour rights’ is the well-known set of universally established minimum best practices and safeguards in respect of some basic labour standards. known as core labour standards in the world economy. This concept is devoted by ILO to promote or establish social justice and labour rights to recognise labours peace which is the most crucial part of the economic prosperity. The implementation of these measures ensures the benefits of the majority workers, rather than the rich only. This study has been prepared to examine the key challenges in implementing the international labour standards in Bangladesh garments sectors. The fundamental labour laws of Bangladesh are designed in accordance with principles of ILO, but non-enforcement of domestic regulations indicates disobedience with international core labour standards and ILO conventions too. The qualitative method has been used in the gathering and the analysing of data of this research. This study has found that most of the rules and regulations of labour laws of Bangladesh are followed by ILO standards. However, their practical approaches show an indication of dismay. Thus, it is submitted that the local jurisdiction of Bangladesh has a poor application of international core labour standards and the ILO conventions which causes uncountable dilemmas to the humanity and the peaceful garments industries. This study has suggested that the government must take necessary steps to implement core international labour standards effectively in domestic legal system and carry out a proper observation to establish social justice and peaceful garments industries in Bangladesh.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CORE INTERNATIONAL LABOUR RIGHTS REGIME IN BANGLADESH GARMENTS INDUSTRIES AND ITS CHALLENGES","attachmentId":91949792,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/87841190/THE_IMPLEMENTATION_OF_THE_CORE_INTERNATIONAL_LABOUR_RIGHTS_REGIME_IN_BANGLADESH_GARMENTS_INDUSTRIES_AND_ITS_CHALLENGES","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/87841190/THE_IMPLEMENTATION_OF_THE_CORE_INTERNATIONAL_LABOUR_RIGHTS_REGIME_IN_BANGLADESH_GARMENTS_INDUSTRIES_AND_ITS_CHALLENGES"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="90145863" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/90145863/Implementation_of_the_Core_International_Labour_Rights_Regime_in_Bangladesh_Garments_Industries_and_Its_Challenges">Implementation of the Core International Labour Rights Regime in Bangladesh Garments Industries and Its Challenges</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="138288395" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MdSalahUddin54">Md Salah Uddin</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Asian and African Social Science and Humanities</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The theory of ‘core labour rights’ is the well-known set of universally established minimum best practices and safeguards in respect of some basic labour standards. known as core labour standards in the world economy. This concept is devoted by ILO to promote or establish social justice and labour rights to recognise labours peace which is the most crucial part of the economic prosperity. The implementation of these measures ensures the benefits of the majority workers, rather than the rich only. This study has been prepared to examine the key challenges in implementing the international labour standards in Bangladesh garments sectors. The fundamental labour laws of Bangladesh are designed in accordance with principles of ILO, but non-enforcement of domestic regulations indicates disobedience with international core labour standards and ILO conventions too. The qualitative method has been used in the gathering and the analysing of data of this research. This study has found that mos...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Implementation of the Core International Labour Rights Regime in Bangladesh Garments Industries and Its Challenges","attachmentId":93789024,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/90145863/Implementation_of_the_Core_International_Labour_Rights_Regime_in_Bangladesh_Garments_Industries_and_Its_Challenges","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/90145863/Implementation_of_the_Core_International_Labour_Rights_Regime_in_Bangladesh_Garments_Industries_and_Its_Challenges"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="56997647" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/56997647/The_Political_Economy_of_Private_and_Public_Regulation_in_Post_Rana_Plaza_Bangladesh">The Political Economy of Private and Public Regulation in Post-Rana Plaza Bangladesh</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="37980986" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JeremyBlasi">Jeremy Blasi</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="34301240" href="https://virginia.academia.edu/JenniferBair">Jennifer Bair</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32131355" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MarkAnner">Mark Anner</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">ILR Review</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">How do public and private labor governance regimes intersect in global supply chains and with what effects? Based on fieldwork in Bangladesh, including interviews with garment industry stakeholders, this article examines the main public and private regulatory reforms instituted in post-Rana Plaza Bangladesh: the Sustainability Compact and the Bangladesh Accord, respectively. Despite the Accord’s substantial achievements in improving workplace safety, particularly relative to the progress achieved under the Compact, findings show that government and industry actors in Bangladesh have resisted the Accord’s efforts to empower workers for fear that improved labor standards would threaten managerial control over one of the global garment industry’s largest and cheapest labor forces. Rather than being an example of complementarity between private and public governance, or an effective substitution of one by the other, post-Rana Plaza Bangladesh represents an undermining of effective priva...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Political Economy of Private and Public Regulation in Post-Rana Plaza Bangladesh","attachmentId":72109581,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/56997647/The_Political_Economy_of_Private_and_Public_Regulation_in_Post_Rana_Plaza_Bangladesh","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/56997647/The_Political_Economy_of_Private_and_Public_Regulation_in_Post_Rana_Plaza_Bangladesh"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="69942684" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/69942684/Safety_and_labour_conditions_the_accord_and_the_national_tripartite_plan_of_action_for_the_garment_industry_of_Bangladesh">Safety and labour conditions: the accord and the national tripartite plan of action for the garment industry of Bangladesh</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="137632356" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MohdRaisulIslamKhan">Mohd Raisul Islam Khan</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2015</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Investigates how the Accord on Fire and Building Safety in Bangladesh (Accord) at the international level and the National Tripartite Plan of Action (NTPA) at the domestic level have been implemented in the first two years after their adoption, whether they have contributed to an overall improvement in safety and labour conditions.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Safety and labour conditions: the accord and the national tripartite plan of action for the garment industry of Bangladesh","attachmentId":79848393,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/69942684/Safety_and_labour_conditions_the_accord_and_the_national_tripartite_plan_of_action_for_the_garment_industry_of_Bangladesh","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/69942684/Safety_and_labour_conditions_the_accord_and_the_national_tripartite_plan_of_action_for_the_garment_industry_of_Bangladesh"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="49003778" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49003778/Threads_of_Despair_An_Argument_for_the_Public_Regulation_and_Capacity_Building_in_Labour_Standards_in_the_Textile_Industry">Threads of Despair: An Argument for the Public Regulation and Capacity Building in Labour Standards in the Textile Industry</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="31013422" href="https://sfu.academia.edu/AnilHira">Anil Hira</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">SHIRT OFF YOUR BACK: GOVERNANCE REFORMS IN THE APPAREL INDUSTRY AFTER RANA PLAZA, 2017</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Two consortia of multinational apparel companies, the Accord and the Alliance, have created a new governance system designed to ensure basic safety measures for Bangladeshi factories. The new system involves audits by the consortia, enforced remediation of substandard factories, and training of workers and management. I argue, however, that the new system is already showing weaknesses, and will not resolve safety issues. In order to find solutions, I explore alternative perspectives, including market adjustments, the promotion of labour rights through legal reforms by the International Labour Organisation and non-governmental organisations, and the development of new corporate codes to change global supply chains. Both a private-sector and mixed model of governance are found wanting. In the long run, the solution lies in public sector leadership, as was the case with labour standards in the West. However, political obstacles abound in Bangladesh, from the strength of textile factory owners to the weakness of unions. I conclude with a suggestion for a new governance model that addresses such issues.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Threads of Despair: An Argument for the Public Regulation and Capacity Building in Labour Standards in the Textile Industry","attachmentId":67392052,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/49003778/Threads_of_Despair_An_Argument_for_the_Public_Regulation_and_Capacity_Building_in_Labour_Standards_in_the_Textile_Industry","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/49003778/Threads_of_Despair_An_Argument_for_the_Public_Regulation_and_Capacity_Building_in_Labour_Standards_in_the_Textile_Industry"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="86686867" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/86686867/What_do_we_learn_from_hybrid_governance_in_Bangladesh_s_garments_sector">What do we learn from hybrid governance in Bangladesh’s garments sector</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="228128" href="https://juniv.academia.edu/MahmudulSumon">Mahmudul H Sumon</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">FocaalBlog, 2022</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"What do we learn from hybrid governance in Bangladesh’s garments sector","attachmentId":91081927,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/86686867/What_do_we_learn_from_hybrid_governance_in_Bangladesh_s_garments_sector","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/86686867/What_do_we_learn_from_hybrid_governance_in_Bangladesh_s_garments_sector"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="4528288" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4528288/Improving_Social_compliance_in_Bangladeshs_Ready_made_Garment_Industry">Improving Social compliance in Bangladesh's Ready-made Garment Industry</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="5637553" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AnkurAgarwal7">Ankur Agarwal</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Improving Social compliance in Bangladesh's Ready-made Garment Industry","attachmentId":31916597,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/4528288/Improving_Social_compliance_in_Bangladeshs_Ready_made_Garment_Industry","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/4528288/Improving_Social_compliance_in_Bangladeshs_Ready_made_Garment_Industry"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":77773253,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":77773253,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_77773253" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="60484077" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/60484077/The_Accord_for_Fire_and_Building_Safety_in_Bangladesh_in_response_to_the_Rana_Plaza_disaster">The ‘Accord for Fire and Building Safety in Bangladesh’ in response to the Rana Plaza disaster</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="137775018" href="https://independent.academia.edu/Donaghey">Jimmy Donaghey</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Global Governance of Labour Rights, 2015</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The ‘Accord for Fire and Building Safety in Bangladesh’ in response to the Rana Plaza disaster","attachmentId":73909264,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/60484077/The_Accord_for_Fire_and_Building_Safety_in_Bangladesh_in_response_to_the_Rana_Plaza_disaster","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/60484077/The_Accord_for_Fire_and_Building_Safety_in_Bangladesh_in_response_to_the_Rana_Plaza_disaster"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="83578094" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/83578094/Rethinking_Post_Rana_Plaza_Transnational_Labour_Governance">Rethinking Post-Rana Plaza Transnational Labour Governance</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="216718919" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ZobaidaKhan">Zobaida Khan</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Western Journal of Legal Studies, 2020</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Rethinking Post-Rana Plaza Transnational Labour Governance","attachmentId":88876383,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/83578094/Rethinking_Post_Rana_Plaza_Transnational_Labour_Governance","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/83578094/Rethinking_Post_Rana_Plaza_Transnational_Labour_Governance"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="4083858" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4083858/Compliance_Practices_in_Garment_Industries_in_Dhaka_City">Compliance Practices in Garment Industries in Dhaka City</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4923726" href="https://univdhaka.academia.edu/StaZeeanXeean">Sta Zeean Xeean</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Compliance Practices in Garment Industries in Dhaka City","attachmentId":31609777,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/4083858/Compliance_Practices_in_Garment_Industries_in_Dhaka_City","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/4083858/Compliance_Practices_in_Garment_Industries_in_Dhaka_City"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="39012226" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/39012226/_They_don_t_give_us_Garments_workers_rights_in_Bangladesh">“They don’t give us” - Garments workers’ rights in Bangladesh</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="228128" href="https://juniv.academia.edu/MahmudulSumon">Mahmudul H Sumon</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Star Weekend, 2019</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"“They don’t give us” - Garments workers’ rights in Bangladesh","attachmentId":59121126,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/39012226/_They_don_t_give_us_Garments_workers_rights_in_Bangladesh","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/39012226/_They_don_t_give_us_Garments_workers_rights_in_Bangladesh"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="31103126" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31103126/Corporate_responsibility_in_the_Bangladesh_Accord">Corporate responsibility in the »Bangladesh Accord</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="59376933" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ReingardZimmer">Reingard Zimmer</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Corporate responsibility in the »Bangladesh Accord","attachmentId":51538285,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/31103126/Corporate_responsibility_in_the_Bangladesh_Accord","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/31103126/Corporate_responsibility_in_the_Bangladesh_Accord"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="6828118" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6828118/13TH_CONGRESS_1st_Session_WORKER_SAFETY_AND_LABOR_RIGHTS_IN_BANGLADESHS_GARMENT_SECTOR_A_MAJORITY_STAFF_REPORT_PREPARED_FOR_THE_USE_OF_THE_COMMITTEE_ON_FOREIGN_RELATIONS_UNITED_STATES_SENATE_ONE_HUNDRED_THIRTEENTH_CONGRESS_FIRST_SESSION">13TH CONGRESS 1st Session WORKER SAFETY AND LABOR RIGHTS IN BANGLADESH'S GARMENT SECTOR A MAJORITY STAFF REPORT PREPARED FOR THE USE OF THE COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS UNITED STATES SENATE ONE HUNDRED THIRTEENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="11370174" href="https://independent.academia.edu/shawantanim">shawan tanim</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"13TH CONGRESS 1st Session WORKER SAFETY AND LABOR RIGHTS IN BANGLADESH'S GARMENT SECTOR A MAJORITY STAFF REPORT PREPARED FOR THE USE OF THE COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS UNITED STATES SENATE ONE HUNDRED THIRTEENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION","attachmentId":33524157,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/6828118/13TH_CONGRESS_1st_Session_WORKER_SAFETY_AND_LABOR_RIGHTS_IN_BANGLADESHS_GARMENT_SECTOR_A_MAJORITY_STAFF_REPORT_PREPARED_FOR_THE_USE_OF_THE_COMMITTEE_ON_FOREIGN_RELATIONS_UNITED_STATES_SENATE_ONE_HUNDRED_THIRTEENTH_CONGRESS_FIRST_SESSION","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/6828118/13TH_CONGRESS_1st_Session_WORKER_SAFETY_AND_LABOR_RIGHTS_IN_BANGLADESHS_GARMENT_SECTOR_A_MAJORITY_STAFF_REPORT_PREPARED_FOR_THE_USE_OF_THE_COMMITTEE_ON_FOREIGN_RELATIONS_UNITED_STATES_SENATE_ONE_HUNDRED_THIRTEENTH_CONGRESS_FIRST_SESSION"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="35523799" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35523799/Extending_Labor_Standards_to_Informal_Workers_at_the_Base_of_Global_Garment_Value_Chains_New_Institutions_in_the_Labor_Market">Extending Labor Standards to Informal Workers at the Base of Global Garment Value Chains: New Institutions in the Labor Market.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="16817266" href="https://unc.academia.edu/MeenuTewari">Meenu Tewari</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Extending Labor Standards to Informal Workers at the Base of Global Garment Value Chains: New Institutions in the Labor Market.","attachmentId":55388960,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/35523799/Extending_Labor_Standards_to_Informal_Workers_at_the_Base_of_Global_Garment_Value_Chains_New_Institutions_in_the_Labor_Market","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/35523799/Extending_Labor_Standards_to_Informal_Workers_at_the_Base_of_Global_Garment_Value_Chains_New_Institutions_in_the_Labor_Market"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="45003204" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/45003204/Multi_sectoral_Initiative_A_critical_overview_of_the_Accord_in_Bangladesh">Multi-sectoral Initiative: A critical overview of the Accord in Bangladesh</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="228128" href="https://juniv.academia.edu/MahmudulSumon">Mahmudul H Sumon</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">The Jahangirnagar University Journal of Business Research, 2020</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Multi-sectoral Initiative: A critical overview of the Accord in Bangladesh","attachmentId":65547508,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/45003204/Multi_sectoral_Initiative_A_critical_overview_of_the_Accord_in_Bangladesh","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/45003204/Multi_sectoral_Initiative_A_critical_overview_of_the_Accord_in_Bangladesh"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="97582877" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/97582877/Managing_on_the_edge_a_multi_party_view_on_the_social_compliances_of_ready_made_garment_industry_in_Bangladesh">Managing on the edge : a multi-party view on the social compliances of ready made garment industry in Bangladesh</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="5784183" href="https://unimelb.academia.edu/KanikaMeshram">Kanika Meshram</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2013</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Managing on the edge : a multi-party view on the social compliances of ready made garment industry in Bangladesh","attachmentId":99164743,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/97582877/Managing_on_the_edge_a_multi_party_view_on_the_social_compliances_of_ready_made_garment_industry_in_Bangladesh","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/97582877/Managing_on_the_edge_a_multi_party_view_on_the_social_compliances_of_ready_made_garment_industry_in_Bangladesh"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="67295892" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/67295892/Contested_Understandings_in_the_Global_Garment_Industry_after_Rana_Plaza">Contested Understandings in the Global Garment Industry after Rana Plaza</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="19325766" href="https://independent.academia.edu/NKabeer">Naila Kabeer</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Development and Change</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Contested Understandings in the Global Garment Industry after Rana Plaza","attachmentId":78165327,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/67295892/Contested_Understandings_in_the_Global_Garment_Industry_after_Rana_Plaza","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/67295892/Contested_Understandings_in_the_Global_Garment_Industry_after_Rana_Plaza"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="10" data-entity-id="63725375" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/63725375/Health_and_Safety_Compliance_in_the_Readymade_Garment_Sector_of_Bangladesh_Practices_and_Observations">Health and Safety Compliance in the Readymade Garment Sector of Bangladesh: Practices and Observations</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4525529" href="https://iub-bd.academia.edu/IkramulHasan">Ikramul Hasan</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Independent Business Review, 2018</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Health and Safety Compliance in the Readymade Garment Sector of Bangladesh: Practices and Observations","attachmentId":90119357,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/63725375/Health_and_Safety_Compliance_in_the_Readymade_Garment_Sector_of_Bangladesh_Practices_and_Observations","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/63725375/Health_and_Safety_Compliance_in_the_Readymade_Garment_Sector_of_Bangladesh_Practices_and_Observations"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="11" data-entity-id="35126278" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35126278/Trade_Union_of_Garments_Worker_in_Bangladesh_Theory_and_Practice_Legal_Research_Monograph_Researcher">Trade Union of Garments Worker in Bangladesh:Theory & Practice Legal Research Monograph Researcher</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="71236272" href="https://independent.academia.edu/abrarfaisal5">abrar faisal</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Trade Union of Garments Worker in Bangladesh:Theory \u0026 Practice Legal Research Monograph Researcher","attachmentId":54987547,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/35126278/Trade_Union_of_Garments_Worker_in_Bangladesh_Theory_and_Practice_Legal_Research_Monograph_Researcher","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/35126278/Trade_Union_of_Garments_Worker_in_Bangladesh_Theory_and_Practice_Legal_Research_Monograph_Researcher"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="12" data-entity-id="122619694" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/122619694/International_political_economy_civil_society_and_labour_relations_in_Bangladesh_the_case_of_the_ready_made_garments_industry">International political economy, civil society and labour relations in Bangladesh: the case of the ready-made garments industry</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="306649094" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KaziMahmudurRahman4">Kazi Mahmudur Rahman</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"International political economy, civil society and labour relations in Bangladesh: the case of the ready-made garments industry","attachmentId":117251132,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/122619694/International_political_economy_civil_society_and_labour_relations_in_Bangladesh_the_case_of_the_ready_made_garments_industry","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/122619694/International_political_economy_civil_society_and_labour_relations_in_Bangladesh_the_case_of_the_ready_made_garments_industry"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="13" data-entity-id="31512886" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31512886/Application_of_Labor_Laws_and_other_Compliances_in_Readymade_Garment_Industry_of_Bangladesh">Application of Labor Laws and other Compliances in Readymade Garment Industry of Bangladesh</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="53134967" href="https://iub-bd.academia.edu/DrNazrulIslam">Dr. Nazrul Islam</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Application of Labor Laws and other Compliances in Readymade Garment Industry of Bangladesh","attachmentId":51857473,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/31512886/Application_of_Labor_Laws_and_other_Compliances_in_Readymade_Garment_Industry_of_Bangladesh","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/31512886/Application_of_Labor_Laws_and_other_Compliances_in_Readymade_Garment_Industry_of_Bangladesh"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="14" data-entity-id="78948881" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/78948881/Transnational_Labour_Governance_A_Critical_Review_of_Proposals_for_Linkage_through_the_Lens_of_the_Rana_Plaza_Collapse_in_Bangladesh">Transnational Labour Governance: A Critical Review of Proposals for Linkage through the Lens of the Rana Plaza Collapse in Bangladesh</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="216718919" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ZobaidaKhan">Zobaida Khan</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Canadian Journal of Law and Society / Revue Canadienne Droit et Société, 2018</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Transnational Labour Governance: A Critical Review of Proposals for Linkage through the Lens of the Rana Plaza Collapse in Bangladesh","attachmentId":85830565,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/78948881/Transnational_Labour_Governance_A_Critical_Review_of_Proposals_for_Linkage_through_the_Lens_of_the_Rana_Plaza_Collapse_in_Bangladesh","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/78948881/Transnational_Labour_Governance_A_Critical_Review_of_Proposals_for_Linkage_through_the_Lens_of_the_Rana_Plaza_Collapse_in_Bangladesh"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="15" data-entity-id="112605158" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/112605158/Labour_Laws_in_the_Garment_Sector_of_Bangladesh_a_Workers_View">Labour Laws in the Garment Sector of Bangladesh: a Workers’ View</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="95238749" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MdAbdurRakib5">Md.Abdur Rakib</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Yuridika, 2019</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Labour Laws in the Garment Sector of Bangladesh: a Workers’ View","attachmentId":109784448,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/112605158/Labour_Laws_in_the_Garment_Sector_of_Bangladesh_a_Workers_View","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/112605158/Labour_Laws_in_the_Garment_Sector_of_Bangladesh_a_Workers_View"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="16" data-entity-id="89829065" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/89829065/One_Step_Forward_or_More_Window_Dressing_A_Legal_Analysis_of_Recent_CSR_Initiatives_in_the_Garment_Industry_in_Bangladesh">One Step Forward or More Window-Dressing? A Legal Analysis of Recent CSR Initiatives in the Garment Industry in Bangladesh</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="34533532" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MaartenKeune">Maarten Keune</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">International Journal of Comparative Labour Law and Industrial Relations</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"One Step Forward or More Window-Dressing? A Legal Analysis of Recent CSR Initiatives in the Garment Industry in Bangladesh","attachmentId":93560780,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/89829065/One_Step_Forward_or_More_Window_Dressing_A_Legal_Analysis_of_Recent_CSR_Initiatives_in_the_Garment_Industry_in_Bangladesh","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/89829065/One_Step_Forward_or_More_Window_Dressing_A_Legal_Analysis_of_Recent_CSR_Initiatives_in_the_Garment_Industry_in_Bangladesh"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="17" data-entity-id="99944995" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/99944995/Economic_Security_for_the_Working_Poor_Trade_Linked_Labor_Standards_Workers_Rights_and_the_Politics_of_Representation_of_Bangladeshs_Garment_Workers">Economic Security for the Working Poor? Trade-Linked Labor Standards, Workers' Rights, and the Politics of Representation of Bangladesh's Garment Workers</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="245825448" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JakirHossain340">Jakir Hossain</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2012</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Economic Security for the Working Poor? Trade-Linked Labor Standards, Workers' Rights, and the Politics of Representation of Bangladesh's Garment Workers","attachmentId":100899337,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/99944995/Economic_Security_for_the_Working_Poor_Trade_Linked_Labor_Standards_Workers_Rights_and_the_Politics_of_Representation_of_Bangladeshs_Garment_Workers","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/99944995/Economic_Security_for_the_Working_Poor_Trade_Linked_Labor_Standards_Workers_Rights_and_the_Politics_of_Representation_of_Bangladeshs_Garment_Workers"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="18" data-entity-id="88439162" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/88439162/Exploring_Suppliers_Approaches_toward_Workplace_Safety_Compliance_in_the_Global_Garment_Sector_From_Bangladesh_Perspective">Exploring Suppliers’ Approaches toward Workplace Safety Compliance in the Global Garment Sector: From Bangladesh Perspective</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="154256818" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ToufiqAhmed15">Toufiq Ahmed</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">The Social Sciences, 2021</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Exploring Suppliers’ Approaches toward Workplace Safety Compliance in the Global Garment Sector: From Bangladesh Perspective","attachmentId":92412437,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/88439162/Exploring_Suppliers_Approaches_toward_Workplace_Safety_Compliance_in_the_Global_Garment_Sector_From_Bangladesh_Perspective","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/88439162/Exploring_Suppliers_Approaches_toward_Workplace_Safety_Compliance_in_the_Global_Garment_Sector_From_Bangladesh_Perspective"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="19" data-entity-id="102965427" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/102965427/Revisiting_the_Feminist_Debates_on_International_Labor_Standards_in_the_Aftermath_of_Rana_Plaza">Revisiting the Feminist Debates on International Labor Standards in the Aftermath of Rana Plaza</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="248529847" href="https://independent.academia.edu/G%C3%BCnseliBerik">Günseli Berik</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Studies in Comparative International Development, 2017</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Revisiting the Feminist Debates on International Labor Standards in the Aftermath of Rana Plaza","attachmentId":103097573,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/102965427/Revisiting_the_Feminist_Debates_on_International_Labor_Standards_in_the_Aftermath_of_Rana_Plaza","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/102965427/Revisiting_the_Feminist_Debates_on_International_Labor_Standards_in_the_Aftermath_of_Rana_Plaza"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="20" data-entity-id="34958694" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34958694/Social_Compliance_in_Ready_Made_Garment_Industry_in_Bangladesh_Challenges_for_HR_Personnel">Social Compliance in Ready-Made Garment Industry in Bangladesh: Challenges for HR Personnel</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="7001567" href="https://kingabdulaziz.academia.edu/MohammadAzim">Mohammad T Azim</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Social Compliance in Ready-Made Garment Industry in Bangladesh: Challenges for HR Personnel","attachmentId":54820697,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/34958694/Social_Compliance_in_Ready_Made_Garment_Industry_in_Bangladesh_Challenges_for_HR_Personnel","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/34958694/Social_Compliance_in_Ready_Made_Garment_Industry_in_Bangladesh_Challenges_for_HR_Personnel"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related topics</h2><div class="ds-research-interests--pills-container"><a class="js-related-research-interest ds-research-interests--pill" data-entity-id="26" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business">Business</a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="footer--content"><ul class="footer--main-links hide-on-mobile"><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://medium.com/academia">Blog</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/topics">Topics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><svg style="width: 13px; height: 13px; position: relative; bottom: -1px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="briefcase" class="svg-inline--fa fa-briefcase fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M320 336c0 8.84-7.16 16-16 16h-96c-8.84 0-16-7.16-16-16v-48H0v144c0 25.6 22.4 48 48 48h416c25.6 0 48-22.4 48-48V288H320v48zm144-208h-80V80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48H176c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v48H48c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v80h512v-80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48zm-144 0H192V96h128v32z"></path></svg> <strong>We're Hiring!</strong></a></li><li><a href="https://support.academia.edu/"><svg style="width: 12px; height: 12px; position: relative; bottom: -1px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="question-circle" class="svg-inline--fa fa-question-circle fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M504 256c0 136.997-111.043 248-248 248S8 392.997 8 256C8 119.083 119.043 8 256 8s248 111.083 248 248zM262.655 90c-54.497 0-89.255 22.957-116.549 63.758-3.536 5.286-2.353 12.415 2.715 16.258l34.699 26.31c5.205 3.947 12.621 3.008 16.665-2.122 17.864-22.658 30.113-35.797 57.303-35.797 20.429 0 45.698 13.148 45.698 32.958 0 14.976-12.363 22.667-32.534 33.976C247.128 238.528 216 254.941 216 296v4c0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12h56c6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12v-1.333c0-28.462 83.186-29.647 83.186-106.667 0-58.002-60.165-102-116.531-102zM256 338c-25.365 0-46 20.635-46 46 0 25.364 20.635 46 46 46s46-20.636 46-46c0-25.365-20.635-46-46-46z"></path></svg> <strong>Help Center</strong></a></li></ul><ul class="footer--research-interests"><li>Find new research papers in:</li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics">Physics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry">Chemistry</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Sciences">Health Sciences</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology">Ecology</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_Sciences">Earth Sciences</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematics">Mathematics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science">Computer Science</a></li></ul><ul class="footer--legal-links hide-on-mobile"><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li>Academia ©2024</li></ul></div> </body> </html>