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class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Vietne"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Saturs" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Saturs</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pārvietot uz sānjoslu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">paslēpt</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Sākums</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Vēsture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vēsture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Vēsture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vēsture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rakstīšana" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rakstīšana"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Rakstīšana</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rakstīšana-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Braila_rakstu_zīmes_un_cipari" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Braila_rakstu_zīmes_un_cipari"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Braila rakstu zīmes un cipari</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Braila_rakstu_zīmes_un_cipari-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Skatīt_arī" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Skatīt_arī"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Skatīt arī</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Skatīt_arī-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Atsauces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Atsauces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Atsauces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Atsauces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ārējās_saites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ārējās_saites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Ārējās saites</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ārējās_saites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Saturs" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Pārslēgt satura rādītāju" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Pārslēgt satura rādītāju</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Braila raksts</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pāriet uz rakstu citā valodā. Pieejams 98 valodās" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-98" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">98 valodas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille" title="Braille – afrikandu" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Braille" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikandu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%84" title="بريل – arābu" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بريل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arābu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D" title="ব্ৰেইল্ – asamiešu" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ব্ৰেইল্" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="asamiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brayl_%C9%99lifbas%C4%B1" title="Brayl əlifbası – azerbaidžāņu" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Brayl əlifbası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaidžāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Брайлова азбука – bulgāru" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Брайлова азбука" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgāru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2" title="ब्रेल – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="ब्रेल" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF" title="ব্রেইল পদ্ধতি – bengāļu" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ব্রেইল পদ্ধতি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengāļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brailleovo_pismo" title="Brailleovo pismo – bosniešu" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Brailleovo pismo" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille" title="Braille – katalāņu" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Braille" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braillovo_p%C3%ADsmo" title="Braillovo písmo – čehu" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Braillovo písmo" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="čehu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D1%88%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%87%C4%95" title="Брайль шрифчĕ – čuvašu" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Брайль шрифчĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="čuvašu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille" title="Braille – velsiešu" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Braille" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="velsiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille" title="Braille – dāņu" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Braille" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brailleschrift" title="Brailleschrift – vācu" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Brailleschrift" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="vācu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille" title="Braille – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Braille" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille" title="Braille – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Braille" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%8E%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%82_%CE%9C%CF%80%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%B9%CE%B3" title="Κώδικας Μπράιγ – grieķu" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κώδικας Μπράιγ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grieķu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille" title="Braille – angļu" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Braille" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brajlo" title="Brajlo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Brajlo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille" title="Braille – spāņu" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Braille" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille_kiri" title="Braille kiri – igauņu" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Braille kiri" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="igauņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille" title="Braille – basku" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Braille" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%84" title="بریل – persiešu" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بریل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pistekirjoitus" title="Pistekirjoitus – somu" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pistekirjoitus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="somu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blindskrift" title="Blindskrift – fēru" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Blindskrift" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="fēru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille" title="Braille – franču" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Braille" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franču" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille" title="Braille – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Braille" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille" title="Braille – rietumfrīzu" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Braille" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="rietumfrīzu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille" title="Braille – īru" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Braille" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="īru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille" title="Braille – skotu gēlu" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Braille" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="skotu gēlu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille" title="Braille – galisiešu" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Braille" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clou_Vraille" title="Clou Vraille – meniešu" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Clou Vraille" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="meniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille" title="Braille – hausu" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Braille" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%AA%D7%91_%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9C" title="כתב ברייל – ivrits" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="כתב ברייל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ivrits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="ब्रेल पद्धति – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ब्रेल पद्धति" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brailleevo_pismo" title="Brailleevo pismo – horvātu" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Brailleevo pismo" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="horvātu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille-%C3%ADr%C3%A1s" title="Braille-írás – ungāru" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Braille-írás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungāru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AC%D5%AB_%D5%A3%D6%80%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Բրայլի գրեր – armēņu" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բրայլի գրեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armēņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D4%B1%D5%B5%D5%A2%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A2%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%A8" title="Պրայի Այբուբենը – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Պրայի Այբուբենը" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille" title="Braille – interlingva" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Braille" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille" title="Braille – indonēziešu" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Braille" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonēziešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeto_Braille" title="Alfabeto Braille – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Alfabeto Braille" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blindraletur" title="Blindraletur – islandiešu" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Blindraletur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille" title="Braille – itāļu" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Braille" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="itāļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%82%B9%E5%AD%97" title="点字 – japāņu" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="点字" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A8%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="ბრაილის შრიფტი – gruzīnu" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბრაილის შრიფტი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzīnu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tira_n_Braille" title="Tira n Braille – kabilu" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tira n Braille" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabilu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%83%D1%8B" title="Брайль жазуы – kazahu" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Брайль жазуы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazahu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%88%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D" title="ಬ್ರೈಲ್ – kannadu" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಬ್ರೈಲ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannadu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%90%EC%9E%90" title="점자 – korejiešu" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="점자" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille" title="Braille – kurdu" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Braille" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scriptura_Braille" title="Scriptura Braille – latīņu" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Scriptura Braille" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latīņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akl%C5%B3j%C5%B3_ra%C5%A1tas" title="Aklųjų raštas – lietuviešu" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Aklųjų raštas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lietuviešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Брајова азбука – maķedoniešu" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Брајова азбука" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="maķedoniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BF" title="ബ്രെയിൽ ലിപി – malajalu" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ബ്രെയിൽ ലിപി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB" title="Брайл – mongoļu" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Брайл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongoļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80" title="ब्रेल लिपी – marathu" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ब्रेल लिपी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille" title="Braille – malajiešu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Braille" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%9E%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B9%E1%80%80%E1%80%B1%E1%80%90" title="မျက်မမြင် သင်္ကေတ – birmiešu" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မျက်မမြင် သင်္ကေတ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille" title="Braille – holandiešu" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Braille" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="holandiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punktskrift" title="Punktskrift – jaunnorvēģu" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Punktskrift" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="jaunnorvēģu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punktskrift" title="Punktskrift – norvēģu bukmols" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Punktskrift" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvēģu bukmols" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille" title="Braille – oksitāņu" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Braille" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B2" title="ਬਰੇਲ – pandžabu" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬਰੇਲ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pandžabu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabet_Braille%E2%80%99a" title="Alfabet Braille’a – poļu" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Alfabet Braille’a" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%84" title="بریل – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بریل" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%90%D9%84" title="برېل – puštu" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="برېل" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="puštu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille" title="Braille – portugāļu" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Braille" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugāļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille" title="Braille – kečvu" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Braille" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kečvu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabetul_Braille" title="Alfabetul Braille – rumāņu" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Alfabetul Braille" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%82_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D1%8F" title="Шрифт Брайля – krievu" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Шрифт Брайля" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="krievu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille" title="Braille – skotu" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Braille" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brailleovo_pismo" title="Brailleovo pismo – serbu–horvātu" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Brailleovo pismo" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbu–horvātu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille" title="Braille – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Braille" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braillovo_p%C3%ADsmo" title="Braillovo písmo – slovāku" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Braillovo písmo" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovāku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braillova_pisava" title="Braillova pisava – slovēņu" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Braillova pisava" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovēņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alifbeetada_indhoolayaasha" title="Alifbeetada indhoolayaasha – somāļu" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Alifbeetada indhoolayaasha" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somāļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeti_Braj" title="Alfabeti Braj – albāņu" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Alfabeti Braj" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Брајева азбука – serbu" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Брајева азбука" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punktskrift" title="Punktskrift – zviedru" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Punktskrift" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="zviedru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%88" title="பிரெயில் எழுத்து முறை – tamilu" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பிரெயில் எழுத்து முறை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%80_%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BF" title="బ్రెయిలీ లిపి – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="బ్రెయిలీ లిపి" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C" title="อักษรเบรลล์ – taju" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อักษรเบรลล์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="taju" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille" title="Braille – tagalu" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Braille" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille_alfabesi" title="Braille alfabesi – turku" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Braille alfabesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D1%88%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Брайль шрифты – tatāru" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Брайль шрифты" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatāru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%82_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D1%8F" title="Шрифт Брайля – ukraiņu" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Шрифт Брайля" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraiņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%84_%D8%B3%D8%B3%D9%B9%D9%85" title="بریل سسٹم – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بریل سسٹم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brayl_yozuvi" title="Brayl yozuvi – uzbeku" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Brayl yozuvi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%AF_Braille" title="Chữ Braille – vjetnamiešu" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chữ Braille" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vjetnamiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braille" title="Braille – varaju" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Braille" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="varaju" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9B%B2%E6%96%87" title="盲文 – vu ķīniešu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="盲文" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="vu ķīniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%A8%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="ბრაილიშ შრიფტი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ბრაილიშ შრიფტი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abidi_Braille" title="Abidi Braille – jorubu" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Abidi Braille" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="jorubu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9B%B2%E6%96%87" title="盲文 – ķīniešu" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="盲文" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="ķīniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9B%B2%E6%96%87" title="盲文 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="盲文" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%C3%B2ng-j%C4%AB" title="Phòng-jī – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Phòng-jī" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BB%9E%E5%AD%97" title="點字 – kantoniešu" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="點字" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantoniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q79894#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Labot starpvalodu saites" class="wbc-editpage">Labot saites</a></span></div> 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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">pārvietot uz sānjoslu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">paslēpt</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Vikipēdijas lapa</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="lv" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Braille_on_tablet_box.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Braille_on_tablet_box.JPG/220px-Braille_on_tablet_box.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Braille_on_tablet_box.JPG/330px-Braille_on_tablet_box.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Braille_on_tablet_box.JPG/440px-Braille_on_tablet_box.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Braila raksts uz zāļu kastītes</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Braila raksts</b> ir <a href="/wiki/Rakst%C4%ABba" title="Rakstība">rakstības</a> metode, kuru izmanto, lai <a href="/wiki/Aklums" title="Aklums">akli</a> <a href="/wiki/Cilv%C4%93ks" title="Cilvēks">cilvēki</a> vai cilvēki ar vāju redzi varētu lasīt un rakstīt. To ieviesis francūzis <a href="/wiki/Luijs_Brails" title="Luijs Brails">Luijs Brails</a> <a href="/wiki/1821" class="mw-redirect" title="1821">1821</a>. gadā. Cilvēki lasa tekstu, taustot izciļņus grāmatas lappusē. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vēsture"><span id="V.C4.93sture"></span>Vēsture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Braila_raksts&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Labot sadaļu: Vēsture" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Braila_raksts&action=edit&section=1" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Vēsture"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Luijs Brails bija kurpnieka dēls, kurš triju gadu vecumā zaudēja redzi acu iekaisuma rezultātā pēc tam, kad tēva darbnīcā netīšām sev iedūra ar īlenu. Drīzumā iekaisums skāra arī Luija otru aci, padarot viņu aklu. </p><p>15 gadu vecumā viņš radīja Braila rakstu, iedvesmojoties no karavīra Šarla Barbjē (<i>Charles Barbier</i>), kurš viņam parādīja rakstu, ko tā laika karavīri izmantoja, lai lasītu ziņojumus tumsā — "nakts raksts". Izveidojot savu rakstu, Luijs ņēma vērā "nakts raksta" trūkumus, samazināja rakstu zīmju skaitu līdz sešām, palielināja rakstu zīmes. </p><p>Būdams Parīzes Neredzīgo institūta absolvents un pēc tam skolotājs, Luijs Brails veltīja savu mūžu, lai izvērstu redzes invalīdu sistemātisku izglītības un kultūras darbu, jo kļuva iespējams izdot ar tausti lasāmus žurnālus, grāmatas, notis, neredzīgie varēja savas zināšanas un garīgās darbības rezultātus fiksēt un pēc tam reproducēt. Latvijā 1952. gadā tika izveidots <a href="/wiki/Latvijas_Neredz%C4%ABgo_biedr%C4%ABba" title="Latvijas Neredzīgo biedrība">Latvijas Neredzīgo biedrības</a> žurnāls "<a href="/wiki/Rosme_(%C5%BEurn%C4%81ls)" title="Rosme (žurnāls)">Rosme</a>", kurš no sākuma tika izdots Braila rakstā.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rakstīšana"><span id="Rakst.C4.AB.C5.A1ana"></span>Rakstīšana</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Braila_raksts&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Labot sadaļu: Rakstīšana" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Braila_raksts&action=edit&section=2" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Rakstīšana"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lai attēlotu Braila rakstu, lieto 6 punktus (3 rindās, pa 2 punktiem katrā). Viena no Braila raksta īpatnībām ir tā, ka teksts tiek rakstīts no labās puses uz kreiso, bet pēc tam lappusi apgriež un lasa to no kreisās puses uz labo. </p><p>Rakstīšanas laikā caurduras punkti, un, tā kā lasīt var tikai pa izliektiem punktiem, „rakstīt” vajag no otras lapas puses. Tā ir viena no grūtībām Braila raksta mācīšanās laikā. Punktu numerācija iet pa stabiņiem no augšas uz leju. Rakstīšanas laikā numerācija iet pretējā kārtībā, vispirms pa labo stabiņu, pēc tam — pa kreiso. </p> <ul><li>1. punkts atrodas augšējā kreisajā stabiņā, 2. zem pirmā, 3. punkts atrodas apakšējā kreisajā stabiņā,</li> <li>4. punkts atrodas labajā augšējā stabiņā, 5. zem 4., 6. punkts atrodas apakšējā labajā stabiņā.</li></ul> <p>Punkta esamība vai neesamība rada kādu konkrētu simbolu. Punktu augstums 0,5 mm ir pietiekami, lai burtu sataustītu. Attālums starp punktiem ir 2,5 mm, attālums starp šūnām — 3,75 mm pa horizontāli un 5 mm pa vertikāli. Standarta lapā ar Braila tekstu ietilpst 25 rindas ar 40-43 simboliem. </p><p>Pavisam eksistē 63 dažādi simboli. Tāpēc bieži izmanto divrūtiņu zīmes (sastāv no 2 zīmēm, atsevišķi ar savām funkcijām) un papildus zīmes (lielie un mazie burti dažādos alfabētos, cipari utt.). Katrai kombinācijai ir sava vērtība (dažreiz tā var sasniegt pat desmitus). </p><p>Tā kā lai rakstītu Braila rakstā, ir vajadzīgi īpaši instrumenti (īlens un graburīts), Braila burtus nevar kaut kādi izmainīt vai pasvītrot. Tāpēc, lai kaut kā izceltu burtus un vārdus, lieto īpašas zīmes: lielie un mazie burti (novietoti priekšā un pēc burtiem), kursīvs, treknrakstā un pustreknrakstā (zīmes tiek novietotas pirms un pēc izceļamiem simboliem), augšējo un apakšējo indeksu matemātisko sakni (viena zīme atrodas sākumā, cita — beigās) utt. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Braila_rakstu_zīmes_un_cipari"><span id="Braila_rakstu_z.C4.ABmes_un_cipari"></span>Braila rakstu zīmes un cipari</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Braila_raksts&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Labot sadaļu: Braila rakstu zīmes un cipari" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Braila_raksts&action=edit&section=3" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Braila rakstu zīmes un cipari"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Braille_A1.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="A, 1"><img alt="A, 1" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Braille_A1.svg/86px-Braille_A1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Braille_A1.svg/129px-Braille_A1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Braille_A1.svg/172px-Braille_A1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A, 1</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Braille_B2.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="B, 2"><img alt="B, 2" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Braille_B2.svg/86px-Braille_B2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Braille_B2.svg/129px-Braille_B2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Braille_B2.svg/172px-Braille_B2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">B, 2 </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Braille_C3.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="C, 3"><img alt="C, 3" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Braille_C3.svg/86px-Braille_C3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Braille_C3.svg/129px-Braille_C3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Braille_C3.svg/172px-Braille_C3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">C, 3 </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Braille_D4.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="D, 4"><img alt="D, 4" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Braille_D4.svg/86px-Braille_D4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Braille_D4.svg/129px-Braille_D4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Braille_D4.svg/172px-Braille_D4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">D, 4 </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Braille_E5.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="E, 5"><img alt="E, 5" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Braille_E5.svg/86px-Braille_E5.svg.png" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Braille_E5.svg/129px-Braille_E5.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Braille_E5.svg/172px-Braille_E5.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">E, 5 </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Braille_F6.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="F, 6"><img alt="F, 6" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Braille_F6.svg/86px-Braille_F6.svg.png" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Braille_F6.svg/129px-Braille_F6.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Braille_F6.svg/172px-Braille_F6.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">F, 6 </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Braille_G7.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="G, 7"><img alt="G, 7" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Braille_G7.svg/86px-Braille_G7.svg.png" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Braille_G7.svg/129px-Braille_G7.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Braille_G7.svg/172px-Braille_G7.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">G, 7 </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Braille_H8.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="H, 8"><img alt="H, 8" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Braille_H8.svg/86px-Braille_H8.svg.png" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Braille_H8.svg/129px-Braille_H8.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Braille_H8.svg/172px-Braille_H8.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">H, 8 </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Braille_I9.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="I, 9"><img alt="I, 9" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Braille_I9.svg/86px-Braille_I9.svg.png" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Braille_I9.svg/129px-Braille_I9.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Braille_I9.svg/172px-Braille_I9.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">I, 9 </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Braille_J0.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="J, 0"><img alt="J, 0" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Braille_J0.svg/86px-Braille_J0.svg.png" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Braille_J0.svg/129px-Braille_J0.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Braille_J0.svg/172px-Braille_J0.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">J, 0 </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Braille_K.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="K"><img alt="K" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Braille_K.svg/86px-Braille_K.svg.png" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Braille_K.svg/129px-Braille_K.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Braille_K.svg/172px-Braille_K.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/K" title="K">K</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Braille_L.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="L"><img alt="L" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Braille_L.svg/86px-Braille_L.svg.png" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Braille_L.svg/129px-Braille_L.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Braille_L.svg/172px-Braille_L.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">L</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Braille_M.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="M"><img alt="M" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Braille_M.svg/86px-Braille_M.svg.png" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Braille_M.svg/129px-Braille_M.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Braille_M.svg/172px-Braille_M.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">M</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Braille_N.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="N"><img alt="N" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Braille_N.svg/86px-Braille_N.svg.png" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Braille_N.svg/129px-Braille_N.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Braille_N.svg/172px-Braille_N.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">N</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Braille_O.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="O"><img alt="O" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Braille_O.svg/86px-Braille_O.svg.png" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Braille_O.svg/129px-Braille_O.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Braille_O.svg/172px-Braille_O.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">O</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Braille_P.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="P"><img alt="P" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Braille_P.svg/86px-Braille_P.svg.png" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Braille_P.svg/129px-Braille_P.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Braille_P.svg/172px-Braille_P.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">P</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Braille_Q.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Q"><img alt="Q" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Braille_Q.svg/86px-Braille_Q.svg.png" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Braille_Q.svg/129px-Braille_Q.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Braille_Q.svg/172px-Braille_Q.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Q</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Braille_R.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="R"><img alt="R" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Braille_R.svg/86px-Braille_R.svg.png" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Braille_R.svg/129px-Braille_R.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Braille_R.svg/172px-Braille_R.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">R</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Braille_S.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="S"><img alt="S" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Braille_S.svg/86px-Braille_S.svg.png" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Braille_S.svg/129px-Braille_S.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Braille_S.svg/172px-Braille_S.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">S</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Braille_T.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="T"><img alt="T" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Braille_T.svg/86px-Braille_T.svg.png" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Braille_T.svg/129px-Braille_T.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Braille_T.svg/172px-Braille_T.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">T</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Braille_U.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="U"><img alt="U" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Braille_U.svg/86px-Braille_U.svg.png" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Braille_U.svg/129px-Braille_U.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Braille_U.svg/172px-Braille_U.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">U</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Braille_V.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="V"><img alt="V" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Braille_V.svg/86px-Braille_V.svg.png" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Braille_V.svg/129px-Braille_V.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Braille_V.svg/172px-Braille_V.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">V</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Braille_W.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="W"><img alt="W" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Braille_W.svg/86px-Braille_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Braille_W.svg/129px-Braille_W.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Braille_W.svg/172px-Braille_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">W</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Braille_X.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="X"><img alt="X" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Braille_X.svg/86px-Braille_X.svg.png" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Braille_X.svg/129px-Braille_X.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Braille_X.svg/172px-Braille_X.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">X</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Braille_Y.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Y"><img alt="Y" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Braille_Y.svg/86px-Braille_Y.svg.png" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Braille_Y.svg/129px-Braille_Y.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Braille_Y.svg/172px-Braille_Y.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Y</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Braille_Z.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Z"><img alt="Z" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Braille_Z.svg/86px-Braille_Z.svg.png" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Braille_Z.svg/129px-Braille_Z.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Braille_Z.svg/172px-Braille_Z.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Z</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Skatīt_arī"><span id="Skat.C4.ABt_ar.C4.AB"></span>Skatīt arī</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Braila_raksts&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Labot sadaļu: Skatīt arī" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Braila_raksts&action=edit&section=4" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Skatīt arī"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Braila_raksta_latvie%C5%A1u_alfab%C4%93ts" title="Braila raksta latviešu alfabēts">Braila raksta latviešu alfabēts</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Atsauces">Atsauces</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Braila_raksts&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Labot sadaļu: Atsauces" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Braila_raksts&action=edit&section=5" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Atsauces"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web">Šteina I. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.periodika.lv/periodika2-viewer/?lang=fr#panel:pa%7Cissue:268855%7Carticle:DIVL207%7Cquery:%C5%BEurn%C4%81la%20Rosme">«ŽURNĀLAM «ROSME» - 25»</a>. <i>www.periodika.lv</i>. Cīņa, Nr.90, 1982-04-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Skatīts: <span class="nowrap">2023-06-02</span></span>.</span></span> </li> </ol></div> <table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.png/20px-Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.png/30px-Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.png/40px-Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style="text-align:center;;"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>Šim rakstam ir nepieciešamas <a href="/wiki/Pal%C4%ABdz%C4%ABba:Atsauces" title="Palīdzība:Atsauces">atsauces uz ārējiem avotiem</a>.</b> <br /><small>Lūdzu, palīdzi <a class="external text" href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Braila_raksts&action=edit">uzlabot šo rakstu</a>, pievienojot vismaz vienu atsauci. Ja ir kādi ieteikumi, vari tos pievienot <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diskusija:Braila_raksts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diskusija:Braila raksts (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">diskusijā</a>. Vairāk lasi <a href="/wiki/Pal%C4%ABdz%C4%ABba:%C4%AAsa_lieto%C5%A1anas_pam%C4%81c%C4%ABba" title="Palīdzība:Īsa lietošanas pamācība">lietošanas pamācībā</a>.</small><br /><small><i>Meklēt atsauces:</i> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.google.lv/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Braila+raksts%22&num=50">"Braila raksts"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.google.com/archivesearch?&as_src=-newswire+-wire+-presswire+-PR+-release+-wikipedia&q=%22Braila+raksts%22">ziņas</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Braila+raksts%22">grāmatas</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Braila+raksts%22"><i>scholar</i></a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://images.google.com/images?safe=off&as_rights=(cc_publicdomain%7ccc_attribute%7ccc_sharealike%7ccc_noncommercial%7ccc_nonderived)&q=%22Braila+raksts%22">brīvi attēli</a></span></small><div class="hide-when-compact"></div><div class="hide-when-compact"></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3201466">body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text{text-align:left!important}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{display:inline-block}</style> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ārējās_saites"><span id=".C4.80r.C4.93j.C4.81s_saites"></span>Ārējās saites</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Braila_raksts&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Labot sadaļu: Ārējās saites" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Braila_raksts&action=edit&section=6" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Ārējās saites"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Vikikr%C4%81tuve" title="Vikikrātuve">Vikikrātuvē</a> par šo tēmu ir pieejami <a href="/wiki/Multivides" title="Multivides">multivides</a> faili. Skatīt: <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Braille" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Braille">Braila raksts</a></b></i>.</li></ul> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Braille-writing-system"><i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i> raksts</a> <span style="font-size:0.95em; color:#555;">(angliski)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bigenc.ru/c/brailevskii-shrift-00adf9">Krievijas Lielās enciklopēdijas raksts</a> <span style="font-size:0.95em; color:#555;">(krieviski)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/braille/"><i>Encyclopædia Universalis</i> raksts</a> <span style="font-size:0.95em; color:#555;">(franciski)</span></li></ul> <table class="metadata plainlinks stub" role="presentation" style="background:transparent"><tbody><tr><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Globe_of_letters.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Aizmetņa ikona" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Globe_of_letters.svg/30px-Globe_of_letters.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Globe_of_letters.svg/45px-Globe_of_letters.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Globe_of_letters.svg/60px-Globe_of_letters.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td><td><i>Šis ar <a href="/wiki/Valodniec%C4%ABba" title="Valodniecība">valodniecību</a> saistītais raksts ir <a href="/wiki/Vikip%C4%93dija:Aizmetnis" title="Vikipēdija:Aizmetnis">nepilnīgs</a>. Jūs varat <a href="/wiki/Pal%C4%ABdz%C4%ABba:Redi%C4%A3%C4%93%C5%A1ana,_noform%C4%93%C5%A1ana" title="Palīdzība:Rediģēšana, noformēšana">dot savu ieguldījumu</a> Vikipēdijā, <a class="external text" href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Braila_raksts&action=edit">papildinot to</a>.</i><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini" style="position: absolute; right: 15px; display: none;"><ul><li class="nv-skatīt"><a href="/wiki/Veidne:Valoda-aizmetnis" title="Veidne:Valoda-aizmetnis"><abbr title="Skatīt šo veidni" style=";">s</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-diskusija"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Veidnes_diskusija:Valoda-aizmetnis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Veidnes diskusija:Valoda-aizmetnis (vēl nav uzrakstīts)"><abbr title="Diskusija par šo veidni" style="color:#002bb8;;">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-labot"><a class="external text" href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Veidne:Valoda-aizmetnis&action=edit"><abbr title="Labot šo veidni" style=";">l</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table cellspacing="0" class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Autoritat%C4%ABv%C4%81_vad%C4%ABba" title="Autoritatīvā vadība">Autoritatīvā vadība</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-sh94-008942">WorldCat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kongresa_bibliot%C4%93ka" title="Kongresa bibliotēka">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/sh94008942">sh94008942</a></span></li> <li>GND: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/4145976-3">4145976-3</a></span></li> <li>BNF: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb157829042">cb157829042</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb157829042">(data)</a></span></li> <li>NDL: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00572882">00572882</a></span></li> <li>NKC: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph303205&CON_LNG=ENG">ph303205</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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