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Available in 14 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-14" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">14 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%88_%D8%A8%D9%83%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A" title="أبو بكر بن العربي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أبو بكر بن العربي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87_%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF" title="আবু বকর ইবনে আল-আরাবি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আবু বকর ইবনে আল-আরাবি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_al-%CA%BFArab%C4%AB_al-Ma%CA%BF%C4%81fir%C4%AB" title="Ibn al-ʿArabī al-Maʿāfirī – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ibn al-ʿArabī al-Maʿāfirī" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A8%DA%A9%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="ابوبکر بن العربی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ابوبکر بن العربی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Bakr_Ibn_al-Arabi" title="Abu Bakr Ibn al-Arabi – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Abu Bakr Ibn al-Arabi" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibnul_Arabi" title="Ibnul Arabi – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ibnul Arabi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Bakr_ibn_al-Arabi" title="Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88_%D8%A8%D9%83%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%89" title="ابو بكر بن العربى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ابو بكر بن العربى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%83_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80_%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C-%D3%80%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8" title="Абу Бакр ибн аль-Ӏараби – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Абу Бакр ибн аль-Ӏараби" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88_%D8%A8%DA%A9%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="ابو بکر ابن العربی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ابو بکر ابن العربی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%83_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80_%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C-%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8" title="Абу Бакр ибн аль-Араби – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Абу Бакр ибн аль-Араби" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebu_Bek%C3%ABr_ibn_el-Arabi" title="Ebu Bekër ibn el-Arabi – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Ebu Bekër ibn el-Arabi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80_%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D3%A3" title="Абубакр ибни Арабӣ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Абубакр ибни Арабӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88_%D8%A8%DA%A9%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="ابو بکر ابن العربی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ابو بکر ابن العربی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q918471#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> 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i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Arabi" title="Ibn Arabi">Ibn Arabi</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;background: #9BE89B; color: #000000;"><div class="fn">Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:125%; font-weight:bold;"><div class="nickname" lang="ar">أبو بكر بن العربى</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #9BE89B; color: #000000;">Personal</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">468H/1076</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">543H/ 1148</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Era</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Golden_Age" title="Islamic Golden Age">Islamic Golden Age</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Region</th><td class="infobox-data">Andalusian scholar</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Jurisprudence</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Maliki" class="mw-redirect" title="Maliki">Maliki</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Creed</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Ash%27ari" class="mw-redirect" title="Ash'ari">Ash'ari</a><sup id="cite_ref-Islam._New_Edition_p._289_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Islam._New_Edition_p._289-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Notable work(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Ahkam al-Qur'an</i> (Rulings of the Qur'an), <i>Al-'Awasim min al-Qawasim</i> (Protection against the Destruction)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #9BE89B; color: #000000;">Muslim leader</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left; border:none; padding:0;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Influenced by</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; text-align:center;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Al-Ghazali" title="Al-Ghazali">Al-Ghazali</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi</b> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">أبو بكر بن العربى</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">ʾAbū Bakr ibn al-ʿArabī</i></span>; <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1076</span>–1148) was a Muslim judge and <a href="/wiki/Scholarly_method" title="Scholarly method">scholar</a> of <a href="/wiki/Maliki" class="mw-redirect" title="Maliki">Maliki</a> law from <a href="/wiki/Al-Andalus" title="Al-Andalus">al-Andalus</a>. Like <a href="/wiki/Al-Mu%27tamid_ibn_Abbad" title="Al-Mu'tamid ibn Abbad">Al-Mu'tamid ibn Abbad</a>, Ibn al-Arabi was forced to migrate to <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a> during the reign of the <a href="/wiki/Almoravids" class="mw-redirect" title="Almoravids">Almoravids</a>. It is reported that he was a student of <a href="/wiki/Al-Ghazali" title="Al-Ghazali">Al-Ghazali</a>. He was a master of Maliki Jurisprudence. His father was a student of <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Hazm" title="Ibn Hazm">Ibn Hazm</a>. He also contributed to the spread of <a href="/wiki/Ash%27ari" class="mw-redirect" title="Ash'ari">Ash'ari</a> theology in <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>. A detailed biography about him was written by his contemporary <a href="/wiki/Qadi_Ayyad" class="mw-redirect" title="Qadi Ayyad">Qadi Ayyad</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="died">d.</abbr> 1149</span>), the <a href="/wiki/Malikite" class="mw-redirect" title="Malikite">Malikite</a> scholar and judge from <a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Islam._New_Edition_p._289_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Islam._New_Edition_p._289-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Bakr_ibn_al-Arabi&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fes_November_2008-16.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Fes_November_2008-16.JPG/220px-Fes_November_2008-16.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Fes_November_2008-16.JPG/330px-Fes_November_2008-16.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Fes_November_2008-16.JPG/440px-Fes_November_2008-16.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>Grave of Ibn al-Arabi in the <a href="/wiki/Bab_Mahrouk" title="Bab Mahrouk">Bab Mahrouk</a> Cemetery in <a href="/wiki/Fez,_Morocco" title="Fez, Morocco">Fez</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Abu Bakr Ibn al-'Arabi was a "Andalusian Malikite qadi".<sup id="cite_ref-Jarrar_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jarrar-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was born in Seville, Al-Andalus. Ibn al-'Arabi's father (Abu Muhammad ibn al-'Arabi) was a high ranking statesman working for the Taifa king of Seville, <a href="/wiki/Al-Mu%27tamid_ibn_Abbad" title="Al-Mu'tamid ibn Abbad">al-Mu'tamid ibn 'Abbad</a> (r. 1069-1091).<sup id="cite_ref-Jarrar_75_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jarrar_75-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, in 1091 when Al-Andalus was taken over by the Almoravids, Ibn al-'Arabi (then 16 years old) and his father decided to leave for a less turbulent setting (his father also had political motivations). The two al-'Arabis travelled by ship to Egypt, and from there they travelled to Jerusalem where they stayed from 1093 to 1096.<sup id="cite_ref-Griffel_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Griffel-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Al-'Arabi devoted himself to his studies, teaching and writing.<sup id="cite_ref-Robson_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Robson-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He wrote many books on several different subjects, including hadith, fiqh, usul, Qur'an studies, adab, grammar and history.<sup id="cite_ref-Robson_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Robson-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of his works was the <i>Book on the Arrangement of the Travel that Raised my Interests in Religions and Experiences of the Great Authorities and Eminent People by the Observer of Islam and the Various Lands</i>. Ibn al-'Arabi also wrote <i>The Rule of Interpretation</i>, and <i>Protective Guards Against Strong Objections</i> (a source of comments that al-Ghazali made to his students).<sup id="cite_ref-Griffel_63_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Griffel_63-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two of al-'Arabi's books (<i>Tartib al-rohla li al-targhib fi al-millah</i> and <i>Qanun al-ta'wil</i>) provided descriptions of the al-Arabi's travels, and specifically recounted religious life in the holy city of Jerusalem.<sup id="cite_ref-Jarrar_75_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jarrar_75-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These accounts are important, as they may be the only eyewitness accounts by a Muslim in Jerusalem during the Seljuq period. They also provide a critical Muslim perspective.<sup id="cite_ref-Jarrar_75_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jarrar_75-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After leaving Jerusalem in 1096, both al'-Arabis' travelled to Damascus and Baghdad to study. They settled in Baghdad and returned there after they took pilgrimage.<sup id="cite_ref-Griffel_63_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Griffel_63-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While in Jerusalem, Ibn al-'Arabi was fascinated by all of the scholars he met there, and performing the hajj became an element in his quest for knowledge.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was only when he returned to Baghdad in 1097 that Ibn al-'Arabi finally met Imam Abū Ḥāmed al-Ghazālī, an Islamic theologian, philosopher and Sufi mystic.<sup id="cite_ref-Griffel_64_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Griffel_64-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ibn al-'Arabi studied with him, beginning at the age of 21.<sup id="cite_ref-Griffel_64_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Griffel_64-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ibn al-'Arabi took a close and strong interest in al-Ghazali's teachings. As a result, Ibn al-'Arabi is said to be one of the "most important sources of information about al-Ghazali's life and his teachings".<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When it came to al-Ghazali's theology, Ibn al-'Arabi became a master, and was enthusiastic, but perhaps more importantly critical of his teachings. Although Ibn al-'Arabi undoubtedly respected al-Ghazali, he was not afraid to express his feelings of difference when it came to the teachings of falsafa (Islamic philosophy).<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After his father died in 1099 (at age 57), Ibn al-'Arabi, then aged 26, headed back to Seville.<sup id="cite_ref-Griffel_64_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Griffel_64-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After being away from Seville for 10 years studying in the Muslim east, he was considered an esteemed and highly regarded scholar and teacher, as well as a respected source in spreading the works and teachings of al-Ghazali in the Muslim west.<sup id="cite_ref-Griffel_64_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Griffel_64-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ibn al-'Arabi continued to study, reflect upon and challenge the works of al-Ghazali. For example, al-Ghazali believed that, "there is not in the sphere of possibility anything more excellent, more perfect or more complete than what God has in fact created".<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However Ibn al-'Arabi argued that there is a limitation of God's power.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This view can be seen in some of Ibn al-'Arabi's works. For example, there were times when Muslim judges and lawyers faced the situation where there was no legal text or scripture to help provide an insight or guidance on a judicial decision.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In these cases, judges and lawyers had to use their best discretion to determine the rule of law. Laws of slander came into question, and defining the punishment as a right of God or a private right were debated.<sup id="cite_ref-Emon_386_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emon_386-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While Ibn al-'Arabi recognized that there are two views on whether the right was of God or a private right, ultimately he felt that the crime should largely be seen as a private right, as it was conditioned by the victim filing a petition.<sup id="cite_ref-Emon_386_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emon_386-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ibn al-'Arabi reflected upon the nature of the soul<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Griffel_67_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Griffel_67-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the study and theory of knowledge. Ibn al-'Arabi studied the Sufi argument that knowledge can only be achieved through purity of the soul, chastening of the heart, and an overall unity between the body and the heart, as well as removal from material motives. Ibn al-'Arabi argued that this was an extreme position. Rather he believed that there was no connection between the knowledge a person acquired and any sacred or devout acts that his soul has performed.<sup id="cite_ref-Griffel_67_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Griffel_67-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ibn al-'Arabi used his knowledge of the soul in his studies of law and ethics. For example, when discussing abortion, <a href="/wiki/Madhhab" title="Madhhab">Madhhab</a> judgements differ considerably. Malikis and Hanafis tend to take opposite positions on this issue.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Malikis generally forbid induced miscarriage after conception, as this was seen to be the point at which the soul was breathed into the unborn child. On the other hand, Hanafis held that "induced miscarriage was not punishable until the 120th day of conception".<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ibn al-'Arabi tried to bridge the gap between the Maliki and the Hanafi opinions by "granting greater protection rights to the embryo after ensoulment", although ultimately he did not succeed in bridging this gap.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ibn al-'Arabi wrote on many other subjects. For instance, he wrote on the mistreatment and disciplining of women. He once wrote, "The [slaves] need to be disciplined with a stick, while the [free man] will not need more than an indication. Among women and even men, there are those who will behave well only through correction (adab). Any man who knows it has to resort to discipline [his wife], although it is preferable if he abstains from it."<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, it seems that Ibn al-'Arabi was more focused on trying to express "beating in a non-violent way". He believed that this is the "only way allowed by the divine revelation", because the objective of beating in a non-violent way was ultimately to improve the wife's behaviour.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although Abu Bakr ibn al-'Arabi may have some critics, he was generally a highly acclaimed authority on hadith, and was regarded as being trustworthy and reliable.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Bakr_ibn_al-Arabi&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>His Major works are: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commentary_on_Tirmidhi%27s_Hadith_Collection_(book)" class="mw-redirect" title="Commentary on Tirmidhi's Hadith Collection (book)">Commentary on Tirmidhi's Hadith Collection (book)</a> known as "'Aridhat al-Ahwazi'".</li> <li>Commentary on the Quran known as '"Ahkam al-Quran"'. It contains commentary on the legal rulings of the <a href="/wiki/Qur%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Qur'an">Qur'an</a> according to the <a href="/wiki/Maliki" class="mw-redirect" title="Maliki">Maliki</a> school.</li> <li><i>Al-'Awasim min al-Qawasim</i> (العواصم من القواصم) or "Defence Against Disaster", is a history book that became famous for his strong reply against the Shia.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Bakr_ibn_al-Arabi&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 21em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Islam._New_Edition_p._289-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Islam._New_Edition_p._289_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Islam._New_Edition_p._289_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Encyclopaedia of Islam</i>. New Edition. Brill, Leiden. vol. 4, p. 289</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGriffel2009">Griffel (2009)</a>, p. 62-66</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLewisMenagePellatSchacht1986" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Lewis, B.; Menage, V.L.; Pellat, Ch.; Schacht, J. (1986) [1st. pub. 1971]. <i>Encyclopaedia of Islam</i>. Vol. III (H-Iram) (New ed.). Leiden, Netherlands: Brill. p. 707. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9004081186" title="Special:BookSources/9004081186"><bdi>9004081186</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Islam&rft.place=Leiden%2C+Netherlands&rft.pages=707&rft.edition=New&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=9004081186&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=B.&rft.au=Menage%2C+V.L.&rft.au=Pellat%2C+Ch.&rft.au=Schacht%2C+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbu+Bakr+ibn+al-Arabi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jarrar-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jarrar_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJarrar1998">Jarrar (1998)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jarrar_75-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jarrar_75_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jarrar_75_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jarrar_75_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJarrar1998">Jarrar (1998)</a>, p. 75</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Griffel-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Griffel_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGriffel2009">Griffel (2009)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Robson-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Robson_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Robson_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRobson2011">Robson (2011)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Griffel_63-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Griffel_63_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Griffel_63_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGriffel2009">Griffel (2009)</a>, p. 63</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJarrar1998">Jarrar (1998)</a>, p. 76</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Griffel_64-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Griffel_64_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Griffel_64_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Griffel_64_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Griffel_64_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGriffel2009">Griffel (2009)</a>, p. 64</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGriffel2009">Griffel (2009)</a>, p. 62</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGriffel2009">Griffel (2009)</a>, p. 66</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCalder1986">Calder (1986)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCalder1986">Calder (1986)</a>, p. 211</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEmon2004">Emon (2004)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Emon_386-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Emon_386_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Emon_386_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEmon2004">Emon (2004)</a>, p. 386</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGriffel2009">Griffel (2009)</a>, p. 71</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Griffel_67-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Griffel_67_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Griffel_67_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGriffel2009">Griffel (2009)</a>, p. 67</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEich2009">Eich (2009)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEich2009">Eich (2009)</a>, p. 302</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEich2009">Eich (2009)</a>, p. 335</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMarin2003">Marin (2003)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMarin2003">Marin (2003)</a>, p. 25</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Bakr_ibn_al-Arabi&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdangFierroSchmidtke2012" class="citation book cs1">Adang, Camilla; Fierro, Maribel; Schmidtke, Sabine (2012). <i>Ibn Hazm of Cordoba: The Life and Works of a Controversial Thinker (Handbook of Oriental Studies) (Handbook of Oriental Studies: Section 1; The Near and Middle East)</i>. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill Academic Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-23424-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-23424-6"><bdi>978-90-04-23424-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ibn+Hazm+of+Cordoba%3A+The+Life+and+Works+of+a+Controversial+Thinker+%28Handbook+of+Oriental+Studies%29+%28Handbook+of+Oriental+Studies%3A+Section+1%3B+The+Near+and+Middle+East%29&rft.place=Leiden%2C+Netherlands&rft.pub=Brill+Academic+Publishers&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-90-04-23424-6&rft.aulast=Adang&rft.aufirst=Camilla&rft.au=Fierro%2C+Maribel&rft.au=Schmidtke%2C+Sabine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbu+Bakr+ibn+al-Arabi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurman1996" class="citation book cs1">Burman, Thomas (1996). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/muslimalmanac00azim/page/107">"Islam in Spain and Western Europe"</a></span>. In Azim A. Nanji (ed.). <i>The Muslim Almanac</i>. Cengage Gale. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/muslimalmanac00azim/page/107">107–113</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780810389243" title="Special:BookSources/9780810389243"><bdi>9780810389243</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Islam+in+Spain+and+Western+Europe&rft.btitle=The+Muslim+Almanac&rft.pages=107-113&rft.pub=Cengage+Gale&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=9780810389243&rft.aulast=Burman&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmuslimalmanac00azim%2Fpage%2F107&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbu+Bakr+ibn+al-Arabi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCalder1986" class="citation journal cs1">Calder, Norman (1986). "<i>Theodicy in Islamic Thought: The Dispute over al-Ghazālī's 'Best of All Possible Worlds' </i>by Eric L. Ormsby". <i><a href="/wiki/Bulletin_of_the_School_of_Oriental_and_African_Studies,_University_of_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London">Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London</a></i>. <b>49</b> (1): 211–212. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fs0041977x00042634">10.1017/s0041977x00042634</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/617683">617683</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:161108376">161108376</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+School+of+Oriental+and+African+Studies%2C+University+of+London&rft.atitle=Theodicy+in+Islamic+Thought%3A+The+Dispute+over+al-Ghaz%C4%81l%C4%AB%27s+%27Best+of+All+Possible+Worlds%27+by+Eric+L.+Ormsby&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=211-212&rft.date=1986&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A161108376%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F617683%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fs0041977x00042634&rft.aulast=Calder&rft.aufirst=Norman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbu+Bakr+ibn+al-Arabi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEich2009" class="citation journal cs1">Eich, Thomas (2009). "Induced Miscarriage in Early Maliki and Hanafi fiqh". <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islamic_Law_and_Society&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Islamic Law and Society (page does not exist)">Islamic Law and Society</a></i>. <b>16</b> (3–4): 302–336. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F092893809x12469547140991">10.1163/092893809x12469547140991</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Islamic+Law+and+Society&rft.atitle=Induced+Miscarriage+in+Early+Maliki+and+Hanafi+fiqh&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=3%E2%80%934&rft.pages=302-336&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F092893809x12469547140991&rft.aulast=Eich&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbu+Bakr+ibn+al-Arabi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEmon2004" class="citation journal cs1">Emon, Anver M. (2004). "Natural Law and Natural Rights in Islamic Law". <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Law_and_Religion" title="Journal of Law and Religion">Journal of Law and Religion</a></i>. <b>20</b> (2): 351–395. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F4144668">10.2307/4144668</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/1807%2F78199">1807/78199</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4144668">4144668</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145196674">145196674</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Law+and+Religion&rft.atitle=Natural+Law+and+Natural+Rights+in+Islamic+Law&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=351-395&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F1807%2F78199&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145196674%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4144668%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F4144668&rft.aulast=Emon&rft.aufirst=Anver+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbu+Bakr+ibn+al-Arabi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGriffel2009" class="citation book cs1">Griffel, Frank (2009). <i>Al-Ghazali's Philosophical Theology</i>. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 63–71. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780195331622" title="Special:BookSources/9780195331622"><bdi>9780195331622</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Al-Ghazali%27s+Philosophical+Theology&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=63-71&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9780195331622&rft.aulast=Griffel&rft.aufirst=Frank&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbu+Bakr+ibn+al-Arabi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJarrar1998" class="citation journal cs1">Jarrar, Sabri (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/media.archnet.org/system/publications/contents/3409/original/DPC1292.PDF">"Suq al-Maʿrifa: an Ayyubid Hanbalite shrine in al-Haram al-Sharif"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Muqarnas</i>. <b>15</b>: 71–100. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1523278">10.2307/1523278</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1523278">1523278</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Muqarnas&rft.atitle=Suq+al-Ma%CA%BFrifa%3A+an+Ayyubid+Hanbalite+shrine+in+al-Haram+al-Sharif&rft.volume=15&rft.pages=71-100&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1523278&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1523278%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Jarrar&rft.aufirst=Sabri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fs3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com%2Fmedia.archnet.org%2Fsystem%2Fpublications%2Fcontents%2F3409%2Foriginal%2FDPC1292.PDF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbu+Bakr+ibn+al-Arabi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarin2003" class="citation journal cs1">Marin, Manuela (2003). "Disciplining Wives: A Historical Reading of Qur'an 4:34". <i><a href="/wiki/Studia_Islamica" title="Studia Islamica">Studia Islamica</a></i>. <b>97</b> (97): 5–40. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4150600">4150600</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Studia+Islamica&rft.atitle=Disciplining+Wives%3A+A+Historical+Reading+of+Qur%27an+4%3A34&rft.volume=97&rft.issue=97&rft.pages=5-40&rft.date=2003&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4150600%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Marin&rft.aufirst=Manuela&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbu+Bakr+ibn+al-Arabi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobson2011" class="citation book cs1">Robson, J. (2011). "Ibn al-ʿArabī". In P. Bearman; T. Bianquis; C. E. Bosworth; E. van Donzel; W. P. Heinrichs (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/ibn-al-arabi-SIM_3080"><i>Encyclopedia of Islam</i></a> (2nd ed.). Brill.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ibn+al-%CA%BFArab%C4%AB&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Islam&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Robson&rft.aufirst=J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Freferenceworks.brillonline.com%2Fentries%2Fencyclopaedia-of-islam-2%2Fibn-al-arabi-SIM_3080&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbu+Bakr+ibn+al-Arabi" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Bakr_ibn_al-Arabi&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Arabic <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original works by or about:<br /><b style="text-align: center;"><i><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/ar:Author:%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A" class="extiw" title="s:ar:Author:ابن العربي">Ibn al-'Arabi</a></i></b></div></div> </div> <ul><li>Ibn Khallikan's Biographical dictionary, part 3, p. 12-15 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eeE80B81GfgC&dq=Abu+Bakr+ibn+al-Arabi&pg=PA12">[1]</a> (retrieved on 17-07-2010)</li> <li>Article on Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi by Abdalhaqq Bewley on Dar sirr <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.dar-sirr.com/Abu-Bakr-Ibn-al-Arabi.html">[2]</a> (retrieved on 17-07-2010)</li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.at-tawhid.net/article-le-statut-de-l-innovation-bid-ah-en-islam-abu-bakr-ibn-al-arabi-98745513.html">Définition de l'innovation par le Qâdî Abû Bakr Ibn Al 'Arabî</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged October 2016">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110623021118/http://www.at-tawhid.net/article-les-mushabbihah-sont-tels-des-adeptes-de-pharaon-abu-bakr-ibn-al-arabi-73823810.html">Critique de l'anthropomorphisme et des partisans de cette doctrine par le Qâdî Abû Bakr Ibn Al 'Arabî</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Muslim_scholars_of_the_Maliki_school" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Maliki_scholars" title="Template:Maliki scholars"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Maliki_scholars" title="Template talk:Maliki scholars"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Maliki_scholars" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Maliki scholars"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Muslim_scholars_of_the_Maliki_school" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Maliki_school" title="Maliki school">Muslim scholars of the Maliki school</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li>by century (<a href="/wiki/Hijri_year" title="Hijri year">AH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">CE</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2nd/8th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malik_ibn_Anas" title="Malik ibn Anas">Malik ibn Anas</a> (founder of the school; 711–795)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_ibn_Ziyad" title="Ali ibn Ziyad">Ali ibn Ziyad</a> (d. 799)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Wahb" title="Ibn Wahb">Ibn Wahb</a> (743–813)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Rahman_ibn_al-Qasim" title="Abd al-Rahman ibn al-Qasim">Ibn al-Qasim</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="14" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tower_of_the_Great_Mosque_of_Kairouan.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The Great Mosque of Kairouan in present day Tunisia"><img alt="The Great Mosque of Kairouan in present day Tunisia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Tower_of_the_Great_Mosque_of_Kairouan.JPG/125px-Tower_of_the_Great_Mosque_of_Kairouan.JPG" decoding="async" width="125" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Tower_of_the_Great_Mosque_of_Kairouan.JPG/188px-Tower_of_the_Great_Mosque_of_Kairouan.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Tower_of_the_Great_Mosque_of_Kairouan.JPG/250px-Tower_of_the_Great_Mosque_of_Kairouan.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">3rd/9th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asad_ibn_al-Furat" title="Asad ibn al-Furat">Asad ibn al-Furat</a> (759–828)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahya_ibn_Yahya_al-Laythi" title="Yahya ibn Yahya al-Laythi">Yahya ibn Yahya al-Laythi</a> (d. 848)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahnun" title="Sahnun">Sahnun</a> (d. 854/55)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_ibn_Abi_Bakr_al-Zuhri" title="Ahmad ibn Abi Bakr al-Zuhri">Ahmad ibn Abi Bakr al-Zuhri</a> (767–856)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_%27Abd_al-Hakam" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn 'Abd al-Hakam">Ibn 'Abd al-Hakam</a> (801–871)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">4th/10th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Arab" title="Abu al-Arab">Abu al-Arab</a> (d. 945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Abi_Zayd" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn Abi Zayd">Ibn Abi Zayd</a> (922–996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Baqillani" title="Al-Baqillani">Al-Baqillani</a> (950–1013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidi_Mahrez" title="Sidi Mahrez">Sidi Mahrez</a> (951–1022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qadi_%27Abd_al-Wahhab" class="mw-redirect" title="Qadi 'Abd al-Wahhab">Qadi 'Abd al-Wahhab</a> (973–1035)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Imran_al-Fasi" title="Abu Imran al-Fasi">Abu Imran al-Fasi</a> (d. 1039)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">5th/11th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Battal" title="Ibn Battal">Ibn Battal</a> (d. 1057)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_%27Abd_al-Barr" title="Ibn 'Abd al-Barr">Ibn 'Abd al-Barr</a> (d. 1071)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Walid_al-Baji" title="Abu al-Walid al-Baji">Al-Baji</a> (1013–1081)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Hassan_al-Lakhmi" title="Abu al-Hassan al-Lakhmi">Al-Lakhmi</a> (1006–1085)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waggag_ibn_Zallu_al-Lamti" title="Waggag ibn Zallu al-Lamti">Al-Lamti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">6th/12th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/At-Turtushi" class="mw-redirect" title="At-Turtushi">At-Turtushi</a> (1059–1126)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Maziri" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Maziri">Al-Maziri</a> (1061–1141)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Barrajan" title="Ibn Barrajan">Ibn Barrajan</a> (d. 1141)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi</a> (1076–1148)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qadi_Ayyad" class="mw-redirect" title="Qadi Ayyad">Qadi Ayyad</a> (1083–1149)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Suhayli" title="Al-Suhayli">Al-Suhayli</a> (1114–1185)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Averroes" title="Averroes">Averroes</a> (1126–1198)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_ibn_Qasim_al-Tamimi" title="Mohammed ibn Qasim al-Tamimi">Al-Tamimi</a> (d. 1207/08)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">7th/13th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ali_ibn_al-Qattan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ali ibn al-Qattan">Al-Qattan</a> (d. 1231)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Abbas_al-Azafi" title="Abu al-Abbas al-Azafi">Al-Azafi</a> (1162–1236)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Hajib" title="Ibn al-Hajib">Ibn al-Hajib</a> (d. 1249)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qurtubi" title="Al-Qurtubi">Al-Qurtubi</a> (1214–1273)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shihab_al-Din_al-Qarafi" title="Shihab al-Din al-Qarafi">Al-Qarafi</a> (1228–1285)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Ata_Allah" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn Ata Allah">Ibn Ata Allah</a> (1259–1310)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Hassan_Ali_ibn_Mohammed_al-Zarwili" title="Abu al-Hassan Ali ibn Mohammed al-Zarwili">Al-Zarwili</a> (d. 1319)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Rushayd" title="Muhammad ibn Rushayd">Ibn Rushayd</a> (1259–1321)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">8th/14th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Haj_al-Abdari" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn al-Haj al-Abdari">Ibn al-Haj</a> (d. 1336)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Juzayy" title="Ibn Juzayy">Ibn Juzayy</a> (d. 1340)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalil_ibn_Ishaq_al-Jundi" title="Khalil ibn Ishaq al-Jundi">Khalil ibn-Ishaq</a> (d. 1365)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Marzuq" title="Ibn Marzuq">Ibn Marzuq</a> (d. 1379)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ishaq_al-Shatibi" title="Abu Ishaq al-Shatibi">Ash-Shatibi</a> (1320–1388)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Farhun" title="Ibn Farhun">Ibn Farhun</a> (d. 1397)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Arafa" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn Arafa">Ibn 'Arafa</a> (1316–1401)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun">Ibn Khaldun</a> (1332–1406)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Yahya_ibn_al-Sakkak" title="Abu Yahya ibn al-Sakkak">Al-Sakkak</a> (d. 1415)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taqi_al-Din_al-Fasi" title="Taqi al-Din al-Fasi">Taqi al-Din Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Fasi</a> (1373–1429)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">9th/15th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sidi_Boushaki" title="Sidi Boushaki">Ibn Faïd</a> (1394–1453)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Rahman_al-Tha%27alibi" title="Abd al-Rahman al-Tha'alibi">Abd al-Rahman al-Tha'alibi</a> (1384–1479)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Azraq" title="Ibn al-Azraq">Ibn al-Azraq</a> (1427–1491)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Zarruq" title="Ahmad Zarruq">Ahmad Zarruq</a> (1442–1493)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_ibn_Hilal_al-Sijilmasi" title="Ibrahim ibn Hilal al-Sijilmasi">Ibn Hilal al-Sijilmasi</a> (d. 1497/98)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">10th/16th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ali_ibn_Qasim_al-Zaqqaq" title="Ali ibn Qasim al-Zaqqaq">Ali ibn Qasim al-Zaqqaq</a> (d. 1506/07)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_al-Wansharisi" title="Ahmad al-Wansharisi">Al-Wansharisi</a> (d. 1508)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_ibn_Abi_Jum%27ah" title="Ahmad ibn Abi Jum'ah">Ibn Abi Jum'ah</a> (d. 1511)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Ghazi_al-Miknasi" title="Ibn Ghazi al-Miknasi">Al-Miknasi</a> (1437–1513)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hattab" title="Al-Hattab">Al-Hattab</a> (1497–1547)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Akhdari" title="Al-Akhdari">Al-Akhdari</a> (1512–1575)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_al-Mandjur" title="Ahmed al-Mandjur">Al-Mandjur</a> (1520–1587)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu-l-Hasan_al-Tamgruti" title="Abu-l-Hasan al-Tamgruti">Al-Tamgruti</a> (d. 1594/95)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">11th/17th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Ashir" title="Ibn Ashir">Ibn Ashir</a> (1582–1631)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Laqani" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Laqani">Al-Laqani</a> (d. 1631)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Mayyara" title="Muhammad Mayyara">Mayyara</a> (1591–1662)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Abdallah_Mohammed_al-Murabit_al-Dila%27i" title="Abu Abdallah Mohammed al-Murabit al-Dila'i">Al-Dila'i</a> (d. 1678)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Qadir_al-Fasi" title="Abd al-Qadir al-Fasi">Al-Qadir al-Fasi</a> (1599–1680)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Rahman_al-Fasi" title="Abd al-Rahman al-Fasi">Al-Rahman al-Fasi</a> (1631–1685)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd-al-Baqi_al-Zurqani" title="Abd-al-Baqi al-Zurqani">Az-Zurqani</a> (1611–1688)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Zurqani" title="Muhammad al-Zurqani">Muhammad al-Zurqani</a> (1645–1710)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">12th/18th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_ibn_al-Tayyib" title="Mohammed ibn al-Tayyib">Ibn al-Tayyib</a> (1698–1756)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Bannani" title="Al-Bannani">Al-Bannani</a> (1727–1780)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ad-Dardir" class="mw-redirect" title="Ad-Dardir">Ad-Dardir</a> (1715–1786)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidi_M%27hamed_Bou_Qobrine" title="Sidi M'hamed Bou Qobrine">M'Hamed Al-Azhari</a> (d. 1793/94)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_al-Tawudi_ibn_Suda" title="Mohammed al-Tawudi ibn Suda">Al-Tawudi ibn Suda</a> (1700–1795)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_ibn_Abu_al-Qasim_al-Sijilmasi" title="Mohammed ibn Abu al-Qasim al-Sijilmasi">Al-Qasim al-Sijilmasi</a> (d. 1800)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">13th/19th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_ibn_%27Ajiba" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmad ibn 'Ajiba">Ahmad ibn 'Ajiba</a> (1747–1809)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ad-Desouki" class="mw-redirect" title="Ad-Desouki">Ad-Desouki</a> (d. 1815)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usman_dan_Fodio" title="Usman dan Fodio">Usman dan Fodio</a> (1754–1817)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamdun_ibn_al-Hajj_al-Fasi" title="Hamdun ibn al-Hajj al-Fasi">Al-Hajj al-Fasi</a> (1760–1817)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullahi_dan_Fodio" title="Abdullahi dan Fodio">Abdullahi dan Fodio</a> (1766–1829)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_%27Ilish" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad 'Ilish">Muhammad 'Ilish</a> (1802–1882)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_At_Tij%C3%A2n%C3%AE_Ibn_B%C3%A2ba_Al_%27Alaw%C3%AE" title="Ahmad At Tijânî Ibn Bâba Al 'Alawî">Al Alawi</a> (d. 1888)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salim_al-Bishri" title="Salim al-Bishri">Salim al-Bishri</a> (1832–1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Harrak_Srifi" title="Ahmed Harrak Srifi">Ahmed Harrak Srifi</a> (d. 1925)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Skirej" title="Ahmed Skirej">Ahmed Skirej</a> (1878–1944)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">14th/20th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-%27Arabi_al-Tabbani" title="Muhammad al-'Arabi al-Tabbani">Muhammad al-'Arabi al-Tabbani</a> (1897–1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Fadhel_Ben_Achour" title="Mohamed Fadhel Ben Achour">Mohamed Fadhel Ben Achour</a> (1909–1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Tahir_ibn_Ashur" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad al-Tahir ibn Ashur">Muhammad al-Tahir ibn Ashur</a> (1879–1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_%27Alawi_al-Maliki" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad ibn 'Alawi al-Maliki">Muhammad ibn 'Alawi al-Maliki</a> (1944–2004)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">15th/21st</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Othman_Battikh" title="Othman Battikh">Othman Battikh</a> (1941–2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdallah_bin_Bayyah" title="Abdallah bin Bayyah">Abdallah bin Bayyah</a> (b. 1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_el-Tayeb" title="Ahmed el-Tayeb">Ahmed el-Tayeb</a> (b. 1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Karima" title="Ahmad Karima">Ahmad Karima</a> (b. 1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamza_Yusuf" title="Hamza Yusuf">Hamza Yusuf</a> (b. 1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Yaqoubi" title="Muhammad al-Yaqoubi">Muhammad al-Yaqoubi</a> (b. 1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashid_Al_Marikhi" title="Rashid Al Marikhi">Rashid Al Marikhi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>Scholars of other Sunni Islamic schools of jurisprudence <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Hanafi_scholars" title="Template:Hanafi scholars">Hanafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Hanbali_scholars" title="Template:Hanbali scholars">Hanbali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Shafi%27i_scholars" title="Template:Shafi'i scholars">Shafi'i</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Zahiri_scholars" title="Template:Zahiri scholars">Zahiri</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output 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style="background:#01796F; color:#FFFFFF;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ash%27aris_and_Maturidis#Ash'aris" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ash'aris and Maturidis"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:orange">Ash'ari scholars</span></a><br />(<span class="tmp-color" style="color:orange"><a href="/wiki/Abu_Hasan_al-Ash%27ari" title="Abu Hasan al-Ash'ari">Abu Hasan al-Ash'ari</a></span>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Malikis" class="mw-redirect" title="Malikis">Malikis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Abi_Zayd_al-Qayrawani" title="Ibn Abi Zayd al-Qayrawani">Ibn Abi Zayd al-Qayrawani</a> (d. 386 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Baqillani" title="Al-Baqillani">Al-Baqillani</a> (d. 403 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Imran_al-Fasi" title="Abu Imran al-Fasi">Abu Imran al-Fasi</a> (d. 430 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Sidah" title="Ibn Sidah">Ibn Sidah</a> (d. 458 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Walid_al-Baji" title="Abu al-Walid al-Baji">Abu al-Walid al-Baji</a> (d. 474 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_al-Turtushi" title="Abu Bakr al-Turtushi">Abu Bakr al-Turtushi</a> (d. 520 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Maziri" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Maziri">Al-Maziri</a> (d. 536 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Barrajan" title="Ibn Barrajan">Ibn Barrajan</a> (d. 536 AH)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi</a> (d. 543 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qadi_Ayyad" class="mw-redirect" title="Qadi Ayyad">Al-Qadi 'Ayyad</a> (d. 544 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Suhayli" title="Al-Suhayli">Al-Suhayli</a> (d. 581 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Qattan" title="Ibn al-Qattan">Ibn al-Qattan</a> (d. 628 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Malik" title="Ibn Malik">Ibn Malik</a> (d. 672 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shihab_al-Din_al-Qarafi" title="Shihab al-Din al-Qarafi">Shihab al-Din al-Qarafi</a> (d. 684 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Daqiq_al-%27Id" title="Ibn Daqiq al-'Id">Ibn Daqiq al-'Id</a> (d. 702 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Ata_Allah" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn Ata Allah">Ibn 'Ata' Allah al-Iskandari</a> (d. 709 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Adjurrum" title="Ibn Adjurrum">Ibn Adjurrum</a> (d. 723 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Hajj_al-Abdari" title="Ibn al-Hajj al-Abdari">Ibn al-Hajj al-'Abdari</a> (d. 737 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Juzayy" title="Ibn Juzayy">Ibn Juzayy</a> (d. 741 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalil_ibn_Ishaq_al-Jundi" title="Khalil ibn Ishaq al-Jundi">Khalil ibn Ishaq al-Jundi</a> (d. 776 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ishaq_al-Shatibi" title="Abu Ishaq al-Shatibi">Abu Ishaq al-Shatibi</a> (d. 790 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Arafa" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn Arafa">Ibn 'Arafa</a> (d. 803 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun">Ibn Khaldun</a> (d. 808 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Rahman_al-Tha%27alibi" title="Abd al-Rahman al-Tha'alibi">Abd al-Rahman al-Tha'alibi</a> (d. 876 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Zarruq" title="Ahmad Zarruq">Ahmad Zarruq</a> (d. 899 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_al-Wansharisi" title="Ahmad al-Wansharisi">Ahmad al-Wansharisi</a> (d. 914 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Akhdari" title="Al-Akhdari">Al-Akhdari</a> (d. 953 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hattab" title="Al-Hattab">Al-Hattab</a> (d. 954 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Baba_al-Timbukti" title="Ahmad Baba al-Timbukti">Ahmad Baba al-Timbukti</a> (d. 1036 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Mohammed_al-Maqqari" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmed Mohammed al-Maqqari">Al-Maqqari al-Tilimsani</a> (d. 1041 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Laqani" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Laqani">Ibrahim al-Laqani</a> (d. 1041 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Mayyara" title="Muhammad Mayyara">Muhammad Mayyara</a> (d. 1072 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Ashir" title="Ibn Ashir">Ibn 'Ashir</a> (d. 1090 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hasan_al-Yusi" title="Al-Hasan al-Yusi">Al-Hasan al-Yusi</a> (d. 1102 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Zurqani" title="Muhammad al-Zurqani">Muhammad al-Zurqani</a> (d. 1122 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_al-Dardir" title="Ahmad al-Dardir">Ahmad al-Dardir</a> (d. 1201 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidi_M%27hamed_Bou_Qobrine" title="Sidi M'hamed Bou Qobrine">M'Hamed al-Azhari</a> (d. 1208 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_ibn_%27Ajiba" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmad ibn 'Ajiba">Ahmad ibn 'Ajiba</a> (d. 1224 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_al-Tijani" title="Ahmad al-Tijani">Ahmad al-Tijani</a> (d. 1230 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Arafa_al-Desouki" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Arafa al-Desouki">Muhammad Arafa al-Desouki</a> (d. 1230 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Ali_al-Sanusi" title="Muhammad ibn Ali al-Sanusi">Muhammad ibn 'Ali al-Sanusi</a> (d. 1276 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_%27Ilish" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad 'Ilish">Muhammad 'Ilish</a> (d. 1299 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_al-Ghumari" title="Ahmad al-Ghumari">Ahmad al-Ghumari</a> (d. 1380 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Tahir_ibn_Ashur" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad al-Tahir ibn Ashur">Muhammad al-Tahir ibn 'Ashur</a> (d. 1393 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdel-Halim_Mahmoud" title="Abdel-Halim Mahmoud">Abdel-Halim Mahmoud</a> (d. 1397 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Metwalli_al-Sha%27rawi" title="Muhammad Metwalli al-Sha'rawi">Muhammad Metwalli al-Sha'rawi</a> (d. 1419 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Alawi_al-Maliki" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Alawi al-Maliki">Muhammad 'Alawi al-Maliki</a> (d. 1425 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_el-Tayeb" title="Ahmed el-Tayeb">Ahmed el-Tayeb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamza_Yusuf" title="Hamza Yusuf">Hamza Yusuf</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shafi%27is" class="mw-redirect" title="Shafi'is">Shafi'is</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Hibban" title="Ibn Hibban">Ibn Hibban</a> (d. 354 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Khafif" title="Ibn Khafif">Ibn Khafif</a> (d. 371 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hakim_al-Nishapuri" title="Al-Hakim al-Nishapuri">Al-Hakim al-Nishapuri</a> (d. 405 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Furak" title="Ibn Furak">Ibn Furak</a> (d. 406 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ishaq_al-Isfarayini" title="Abu Ishaq al-Isfarayini">Abu Ishaq al-Isfarayini</a> (d. 418 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Tha%27labi" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Tha'labi">Al-Tha'labi</a> (d. 427 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Mansur_al-Baghdadi" title="Abu Mansur al-Baghdadi">Abu Mansur al-Baghdadi</a> (d. 429 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Nu%27aym_al-Isfahani" title="Abu Nu'aym al-Isfahani">Abu Nu'aym al-Isfahani</a> (d. 430 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Bayhaqi" title="Al-Bayhaqi">Al-Bayhaqi</a> (d. 458 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Khatib_al-Baghdadi" title="Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi">Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi</a> (d. 463 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qushayri" title="Al-Qushayri">Al-Qushayri</a> (d. 465 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ishaq_al-Shirazi" title="Abu Ishaq al-Shirazi">Abu Ishaq al-Shirazi</a> (d. 476 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Qahir_al-Jurjani" title="Abd al-Qahir al-Jurjani">Abd al-Qahir al-Jurjani</a> (d. 471 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Juwayni" title="Al-Juwayni">Al-Juwayni</a> (d. 478 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Raghib_al-Isfahani" title="Al-Raghib al-Isfahani">Al-Raghib al-Isfahani</a> (d. 502 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ghazali" title="Al-Ghazali">Al-Ghazali</a> (d. 505 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Baghawi" title="Al-Baghawi">Al-Baghawi</a> (d. 516 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shahrastani" title="Al-Shahrastani">Al-Shahrastani</a> (d. 548 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Asakir" title="Ibn Asakir">Ibn 'Asakir</a> (d. 571 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_al-Rifa%27i" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmad al-Rifa'i">Ahmad al-Rifa'i</a> (d. 578 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fakhr_al-Din_al-Razi" title="Fakhr al-Din al-Razi">Fakhr al-Din al-Razi</a> (d. 606 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Salah" title="Ibn al-Salah">Ibn al-Salah</a> (d. 643 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izz_al-Din_ibn_%27Abd_al-Salam" title="Izz al-Din ibn 'Abd al-Salam">Izz al-Din ibn 'Abd al-Salam</a> (d. 660 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Nawawi" title="Al-Nawawi">Al-Nawawi</a> (d. 676 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Baydawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Baydawi">Al-Baydawi</a> (d. 685 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Daqiq_al-%27Id" title="Ibn Daqiq al-'Id">Ibn Daqiq al-'Id</a> (d. 702 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nizam_al-Din_al-Nisapuri" class="mw-redirect" title="Nizam al-Din al-Nisapuri">Nizam al-Din al-Nisapuri</a> (d. 728 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamal_al-Din_al-Mizzi" title="Jamal al-Din al-Mizzi">Jamal al-Din al-Mizzi</a> (d. 742 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taqi_al-Din_al-Subki" title="Taqi al-Din al-Subki">Taqi al-Din al-Subki</a> (d. 756 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Safadi" title="Al-Safadi">Al-Safadi</a> (d. 764 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taj_al-Din_al-Subki" title="Taj al-Din al-Subki">Taj al-Din al-Subki</a> (d. 771 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shams_al-Din_al-Kirmani" title="Shams al-Din al-Kirmani">Shams al-Din al-Kirmani</a> (d. 786 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Zarkashi" title="Al-Zarkashi">Al-Zarkashi</a> (d. 794 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zain_al-Din_al-%27Iraqi" title="Zain al-Din al-'Iraqi">Zain al-Din al-'Iraqi</a> (d. 806 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nur_al-Din_al-Haythami" title="Nur al-Din al-Haythami">Nur al-Din al-Haythami</a> (d. 807 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Jazari" title="Ibn al-Jazari">Ibn al-Jazari</a> (d. 833 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Maqrizi" title="Al-Maqrizi">Al-Maqrizi</a> (d. 845 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Hajar_al-Asqalani" title="Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani">Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani</a> (d. 852 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Sakhawi" title="Al-Sakhawi">Al-Sakhawi</a> (d. 902 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Suyuti" title="Al-Suyuti">Al-Suyuti</a> (d. 911 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nur_al-Din_al-Samhudi" title="Nur al-Din al-Samhudi">Nur al-Din al-Samhudi</a> (d. 911 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalal_al-Din_al-Dawani" class="mw-redirect" title="Jalal al-Din al-Dawani">Jalal al-Din al-Dawani</a> (d. 918 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qastallani" title="Al-Qastallani">Al-Qastallani</a> (d. 923 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zakariyya_al-Ansari" title="Zakariyya al-Ansari">Zakariyya al-Ansari</a> (d. 926 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Sha%27rani" title="Al-Sha'rani">Al-Sha'rani</a> (d. 973 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Hajar_al-Haytami" title="Ibn Hajar al-Haytami">Ibn Hajar al-Haytami</a> (d. 974 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Khatib_al-Shirbini" title="Al-Khatib al-Shirbini">Al-Khatib al-Shirbini</a> (d. 977 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Munawi" title="Al-Munawi">Al-Munawi</a> (d. 1031 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdallah_ibn_Alawi_al-Haddad" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdallah ibn Alawi al-Haddad">'Abdallah ibn 'Alawi al-Haddad</a> (d. 1132 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasan_al-Attar" title="Hasan al-Attar">Hasan al-Attar</a> (d. 1230 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Zayni_Dahlan" title="Ahmad Zayni Dahlan">Ahmad Zayni Dahlan</a> (d. 1304 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Said_Nurs%C3%AE" title="Said Nursî">Bediuzzaman Said Nursi</a> (d. 1379 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah_al-Qudah" class="mw-redirect" title="Noah al-Qudah">Noah al-Qudah</a> (d. 1432 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_al-Harari" title="Abdullah al-Harari">'Abdallah al-Harari</a> (d. 1432 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Said_Ramadan_al-Bouti" title="Muhammad Said Ramadan al-Bouti">Al-Bouti</a> (d. 1434 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Gomaa" title="Ali Gomaa">Ali Gomaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_al-Jifri" title="Ali al-Jifri">Ali al-Jifri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibril_Haddad" title="Gibril Haddad">Gibril Haddad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hanbalis" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanbalis">Hanbalis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_%27Aqil" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn 'Aqil">Ibn 'Aqil</a> (d. 508 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Jawzi" title="Ibn al-Jawzi">Ibn al-Jawzi</a> (d. 534 AH)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zahiris" class="mw-redirect" title="Zahiris">Zahiris</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Tumart" title="Ibn Tumart">Ibn Tumart</a> (d. 524 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Mada%27" title="Ibn Mada'">Ibn Mada'</a> (d. 592 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Hayyan_al-Andalusi" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Hayyan al-Andalusi">Abu Hayyan al-Andalusi</a> (d. 745 AH)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%8A.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%8A.png/150px-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%8A.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%8A.png/225px-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%8A.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%8A.png/300px-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%8A.png 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="2100" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#01796F; color:#FFFFFF;width:1%">Ash'ari leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nizam_al-Mulk" title="Nizam al-Mulk">Nizam al-Mulk</a> (d. 485 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_ibn_Tashfin" title="Yusuf ibn Tashfin">Yusuf ibn Tashfin</a> (d. 500 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Mu%27min" title="Abd al-Mu'min">'Abd al-Mu'min ibn 'Ali</a> (d. 558 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saladin" title="Saladin">Saladin</a> (d. 589 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Adil_I" title="Al-Adil I">Abu Bakr ibn Ayyub</a> (d. 615 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Kamil" title="Al-Kamil">Al-Kamil</a> (d. 635 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ashraf_Musa,_Emir_of_Damascus" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Ashraf Musa, Emir of Damascus">Al-Ashraf Musa</a> (d. 635 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qutuz" title="Qutuz">Qutuz</a> (d. 658 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Nasir_Muhammad" title="Al-Nasir Muhammad">Al-Nasir ibn Qalawun</a> (d. 741 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emir_Abdelkader_al-Jazairi" class="mw-redirect" title="Emir Abdelkader al-Jazairi">Emir Abdelkader al-Jazairi</a> (d. 1300 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omar_al-Mukhtar" title="Omar al-Mukhtar">Omar al-Mukhtar</a> (d. 1350 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izz_ad-Din_al-Qassam" title="Izz ad-Din al-Qassam">'Izz al-Din al-Qassam</a> (d. 1354 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_el-Krim" title="Abd el-Krim">Ibn Abdelkarim al-Khattabi</a> (d. 1382 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almohad_Caliphate" title="Almohad Caliphate">Al-Muwahhidun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayyubid_dynasty" title="Ayyubid dynasty">Ayyubid dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamluk" title="Mamluk">Mamluk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#01796F; color:#FFFFFF;width:1%">Theology books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tabyin_Kadhib_al-Muftari" title="Tabyin Kadhib al-Muftari">Tabyin Kadhib al-Muftari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asas_al-Taqdis" title="Asas al-Taqdis">Asas al-Taqdis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Baz_al-Ashhab" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Baz al-Ashhab">Al-Baz al-Ashhab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Farq_bayn_al-Firaq" title="Al-Farq bayn al-Firaq">Al-Farq bayn al-Firaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Milal_wa_al-Nihal" title="Al-Milal wa al-Nihal">Al-Milal wa al-Nihal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Guide_to_Conclusive_Proofs_for_the_Principles_of_Belief" title="A Guide to Conclusive Proofs for the Principles of Belief">Al-Irshad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Moderation_in_Belief" title="The Moderation in Belief">Al-Iqtisad fi al-I'tiqad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Sayf_al-Saqil_fi_al-Radd_ala_Ibn_Zafil" title="Al-Sayf al-Saqil fi al-Radd ala Ibn Zafil">Al-Sayf al-Saqil fi al-Radd ala Ibn Zafil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#01796F; color:#FFFFFF;width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_international_conference_on_Sunni_Islam_in_Grozny" title="2016 international conference on Sunni Islam in Grozny">2016 international conference on Sunni Islam in Grozny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahl_al-Hadith" title="Ahl al-Hadith">Ahl al-Hadith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahl_al-Ra%27y" title="Ahl al-Ra'y">Ahl al-Ra'y</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalam" title="Kalam">Kalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawhid" title="Tawhid">Tawhid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ahbash" title="Al-Ahbash">Al-Ahbash</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#01796F; color:#FFFFFF"><div>Ash'ari-related templates <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Maturidi" title="Template:Maturidi"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:Orange">Maturidi</span></a> – <a href="/wiki/Template:Hanafi_scholars" title="Template:Hanafi scholars"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:orange">Hanafi</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Maliki_scholars" title="Template:Maliki scholars"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:orange">Maliki</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Shafi%27i_scholars" title="Template:Shafi'i scholars"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:orange">Shafi'i</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Islamic_theology" title="Template:Islamic theology"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:orange">Islamic theology</span></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/19px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/37px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/18px-Allah-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="19" class="mw-file-element" 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scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918471#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918471#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119023156">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n84216057">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14566508d">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14566508d">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1308767">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p073502952">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/pm13zj072wq7np0">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007306603205171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd119023156.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/077479432">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/ibnul-arabi-ebu-bekir">İslâm Ansiklopedisi</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Abu_Bakr_ibn_al-Arabi&oldid=1252565049">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Abu_Bakr_ibn_al-Arabi&oldid=1252565049</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1076_births" 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