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class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Mündəricat</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">yan panelə köçür</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">gizlə</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Giriş</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Tarixi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tarixi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Tarixi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Tarixi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Tarixi alt bölməsini göstər/gizlə</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Tarixi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-İlk_çap_maşını" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#İlk_çap_maşını"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>İlk çap maşını</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-İlk_çap_maşını-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Məzmununa_görə_kitab_növləri" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Məzmununa_görə_kitab_növləri"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Məzmununa görə kitab növləri</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Məzmununa_görə_kitab_növləri-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Həmçinin_bax" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Həmçinin_bax"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Həmçinin bax</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Həmçinin_bax-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-İstinadlar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#İstinadlar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>İstinadlar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-İstinadlar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Xarici_keçidlər" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Xarici_keçidlər"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Xarici keçidlər</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Xarici_keçidlər-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Mündəricat" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Mündəricat" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mündəricatı göstər/gizlət" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mündəricatı göstər/gizlət</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kitab</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Başqa dildəki məqaləyə keçin. 206 dildə mövcuddur." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-206" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">206 dildə</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boek" title="Boek – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Boek" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buch" title="Buch – İsveçrə almancası" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Buch" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="İsveçrə almancası" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%98%E1%8C%BD%E1%88%90%E1%8D%8D" title="መጽሐፍ – amhar" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="መጽሐፍ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amhar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codad" title="Codad – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Codad" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libro" title="Libro – araqon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Libro" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="araqon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="كتاب – ərəb" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كتاب" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="ərəb" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%9F%DC%AC%DC%92%DC%90_(%DC%A3%DC%A6%DC%AA%DC%90)" title="ܟܬܒܐ (ܣܦܪܐ) – aramik" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܟܬܒܐ (ܣܦܪܐ)" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="aramik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="كتاب – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كتاب" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA" title="কিতাপ – assam" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="কিতাপ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llibru" title="Llibru – asturiya" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Llibru" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masinahikan" title="Masinahikan – Atikamek" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Masinahikan" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="Atikamek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Atikamekw</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panka" title="Panka – aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Panka" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="کیتاب – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کیتاب" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF" title="Китап – başqırd" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Китап" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="başqırd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buach" title="Buach – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Buach" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kninga" title="Kninga – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Kninga" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libro" title="Libro – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Libro" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bdr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bdr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buk" title="Buk – West Coast Bajau" lang="bdr" hreflang="bdr" data-title="Buk" data-language-autonym="Bajau Sama" data-language-local-name="West Coast Bajau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bajau Sama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Кніга – belarus" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кніга" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Кніга – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Кніга" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Книга – bolqar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Книга" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bolqar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC" title="किताब – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="किताब" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buku" title="Buku – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Buku" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaf%C9%9B" title="Gafɛ – bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Gafɛ" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%87" title="বই – benqal" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বই" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="benqal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levr" title="Levr – breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Levr" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knjiga" title="Knjiga – bosniya" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Knjiga" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%BC_(%D0%B1%D1%8D%D1%88%D1%8D%D0%B3)" title="Ном (бэшэг) – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Ном (бэшэг)" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llibre" title="Llibre – katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Llibre" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%E1%B9%B3%CC%86" title="Cṳ̆ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Cṳ̆" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Жайна – çeçen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Жайна" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="çeçen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%AA%E1%8F%AA%E1%8E%B5" title="ᎪᏪᎵ – çeroki" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎪᏪᎵ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="çeroki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%AA%DB%8E%D8%A8" title="کتێب – Mərkəzi kürdcə" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کتێب" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Mərkəzi kürdcə" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitap" title="Kitap – krım türkcəsi" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Kitap" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="krım türkcəsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kniha" title="Kniha – çex" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kniha" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="çex" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%C4%95%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5" title="Кĕнеке – çuvaş" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Кĕнеке" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="çuvaş" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llyfr" title="Llyfr – uels" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Llyfr" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="uels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bog" title="Bog – danimarka" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bog" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danimarka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buku" title="Buku – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Buku" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buch" title="Buch – alman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Buch" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%B1tab" title="Kıtab – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Kıtab" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%CC%A0uuk" title="B̠uuk – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="B̠uuk" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%95" title="पुस्तक – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="पुस्तक" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B9%CE%B2%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%BF" title="Βιβλίο – yunan" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βιβλίο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="yunan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book" title="Book – ingilis" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Book" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ingilis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libro" title="Libro – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Libro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libro" title="Libro – ispan" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Libro" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="ispan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raamat" title="Raamat – eston" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Raamat" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="eston" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liburu" title="Liburu – bask" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Liburu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bask" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libru" title="Libru – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Libru" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="کتاب – fars" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کتاب" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="fars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirja" title="Kirja – fin" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kirja" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivola" title="Ivola – fici" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Ivola" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="fici" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livre_(document)" title="Livre (document) – fransız" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Livre (document)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransız" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9vro" title="Lévro – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Lévro" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buk" title="Buk – şimali fris" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Buk" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="şimali fris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boek" title="Boek – qərbi friz" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Boek" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="qərbi friz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leabhar" title="Leabhar – irland" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Leabhar" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9B%B8" title="書 – qan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="書" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="qan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liv_(dokouman)" title="Liv (dokouman) – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Liv (dokouman)" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leabhar" title="Leabhar – Şotlandiya keltcəsi" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Leabhar" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Şotlandiya keltcəsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libro" title="Libro – qalisiya" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Libro" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="qalisiya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aranduka" title="Aranduka – quarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Aranduka" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="quarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B1%F0%90%8D%89%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8D%89%F0%90%8D%83" title="𐌱𐍉𐌺𐍉𐍃 – qotika" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌱𐍉𐌺𐍉𐍃" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="qotika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guc mw-list-item"><a href="https://guc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karalo%27uta" title="Karalo'uta – Wayuu" lang="guc" hreflang="guc" data-title="Karalo'uta" data-language-autonym="Wayuunaiki" data-language-local-name="Wayuu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wayuunaiki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lioar" title="Lioar – manks" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Lioar" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Littafi" title="Littafi – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Littafi" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BB" title="Sû – hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Sû" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8" title="ספר – ivrit" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ספר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ivrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%95" title="पुस्तक – hind" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पुस्तक" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hind" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitaab" title="Kitaab – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Kitaab" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knjiga" title="Knjiga – xorvat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Knjiga" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="xorvat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liv_(pou_li)" title="Liv (pou li) – haiti kreol" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Liv (pou li)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haiti kreol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6nyv" title="Könyv – macar" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Könyv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="macar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%AB%D6%80%D6%84" title="Գիրք – erməni" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գիրք" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="erməni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%AB%D6%80%D6%84" title="Գիրք – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Գիրք" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libro" title="Libro – interlinqua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Libro" data-language-autonym="İnterlingua" data-language-local-name="interlinqua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>İnterlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bup" title="Bup – iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Bup" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buku" title="Buku – indoneziya" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Buku" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneziya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libre" title="Libre – interlinqve" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Libre" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlinqve" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libro" title="Libro – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Libro" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Дешарг – inquş" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Дешарг" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="inquş" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libro" title="Libro – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Libro" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B3k" title="Bók – island" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Bók" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="island" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libro" title="Libro – italyan" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Libro" data-language-autonym="İtaliano" data-language-local-name="italyan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>İtaliano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%95%BF%E1%92%A5%E1%95%90%E1%95%88%E1%90%8A%E1%91%A6/qimirruat" title="ᕿᒥᕐᕈᐊᑦ/qimirruat – inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᕿᒥᕐᕈᐊᑦ/qimirruat" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="inuktitut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%AC" title="本 – yapon" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="本" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="yapon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buk" title="Buk – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Buk" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/cukta" title="cukta – loğban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="cukta" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="loğban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buku" title="Buku – yava" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Buku" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="yava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AC%E1%83%98%E1%83%92%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="წიგნი – gürcü" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="წიგნი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gürcü" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adlis" title="Adlis – kabile" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Adlis" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabile" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takaya%C9%A3" title="Takayaɣ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Takayaɣ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwaa%CC%B1mbwat" title="Kwaa̱mbwat – tiyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Kwaa̱mbwat" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="tiyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF" title="Кітап – qazax" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Кітап" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="qazax" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%95" title="ಪುಸ್ತಕ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಪುಸ್ತಕ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B1%85" title="책 – koreya" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="책" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%90%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="کِتاب – kəşmir" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="کِتاب" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="kəşmir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boch_(z_l%C3%A4%C3%A4se)" title="Boch (z lääse) – köln" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Boch (z lääse)" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="köln" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirt%C3%BBk" title="Pirtûk – kürd" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Pirtûk" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kürd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B1%D3%A7%D0%B3" title="Небӧг – komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Небӧг" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyver" title="Lyver – korn" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Lyver" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="korn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BF" title="Китеп – qırğız" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Китеп" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="qırğız" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="seçilmiş məqalə"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liber" title="Liber – latın" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Liber" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latın" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buch" title="Buch – lüksemburq" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Buch" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="lüksemburq" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B1" title="Улуб – ləzgi" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Улуб" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="ləzgi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book" title="Book – limburq" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Book" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburq" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liber" title="Liber – lombard dili" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Liber" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombard dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BAku" title="Búku – linqala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Búku" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="linqala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B6%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%A1" title="ປຶ້ມ – laos" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປຶ້ມ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knyga" title="Knyga – litva" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Knyga" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C4%81mata" title="Grāmata – latış" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Grāmata" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latış" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buku" title="Buku – maduriz" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Buku" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="maduriz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boky" title="Boky – malaqas" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Boky" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malaqas" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Книга – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Книга" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buku" title="Buku – minanqkaban" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Buku" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minanqkaban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Книга – makedon" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Книга" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82" title="പുസ്തകം – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പുസ്തകം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Ном – monqol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Ном" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="monqol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%9B" title="ꯂꯥꯏꯂꯤꯛ – manipüri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯂꯥꯏꯂꯤꯛ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipüri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%95" title="पुस्तक – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पुस्तक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buku" title="Buku – malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Buku" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libro" title="Libro – mirand" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Libro" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%85%E1%80%AC%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AF%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA" title="စာအုပ် – birman" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="စာအုပ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Кинига – erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Кинига" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D9%85%D9%87" title="نومه – mazandaran" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="نومه" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandaran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amoxtli" title="Amoxtli – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Amoxtli" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libbro" title="Libbro – neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Libbro" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book" title="Book – aşağı alman" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Book" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="aşağı alman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boek_(literetuur)" title="Boek (literetuur) – aşağı sakson" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Boek (literetuur)" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="aşağı sakson" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%95" title="पुस्तक – nepal" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="पुस्तक" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%82" title="सफू – nevari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="सफू" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="nevari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boek" title="Boek – holland" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Boek" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="holland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bok" title="Bok – nünorsk norveç" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Bok" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nünorsk norveç" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bok" title="Bok – bokmal norveç" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bok" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="bokmal norveç" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%9E%DF%8A%DF%AC%DF%9D%DF%8A" title="ߞߊ߬ߝߊ – nko" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߞߊ߬ߝߊ" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="nko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ߒߞߏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libre" title="Libre – oksitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Libre" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirju" title="Kirju – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Kirju" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B3" title="Чиныг – osetin" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Чиныг" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osetin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC" title="ਕਿਤਾਬ – pəncab" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕਿਤਾਬ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pəncab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buch" title="Buch – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Buch" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%82" title="पोत्थकं – pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="पोत्थकं" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCka" title="Książka – polyak" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Książka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polyak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liber" title="Liber – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Liber" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="کتاب – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کتاب" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livro" title="Livro – portuqal" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Livro" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portuqal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qillqamayt%27u" title="Qillqamayt'u – keçua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Qillqamayt'u" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="keçua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carte" title="Carte – rumın" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Carte" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumın" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carti" title="Carti – aroman" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Carti" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="aroman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Книга – rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Книга" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Книга – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Книга" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igitabo" title="Igitabo – kinyarvanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Igitabo" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="kinyarvanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%8D" title="Кинигэ – saxa" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Кинигэ" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="saxa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ – santal" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libbru" title="Libbru – siciliya" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Libbru" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beuk" title="Beuk – skots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Beuk" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AA%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="ڪتاب – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڪتاب" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girji" title="Girji – şimali sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Girji" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="şimali sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knjiga" title="Knjiga – serb-xorvat" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Knjiga" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serb-xorvat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A" title="පොත් – sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="පොත්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book" title="Book – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Book" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kniha" title="Kniha – slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kniha" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knjiga" title="Knjiga – sloven" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Knjiga" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloven" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhuku" title="Bhuku – şona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Bhuku" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="şona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhigane_(Buug)" title="Dhigane (Buug) – somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Dhigane (Buug)" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libri" title="Libri – alban" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Libri" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="alban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%9A%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Књига – serb" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Књига" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serb" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dncwadz%C3%AD" title="Íncwadzí – svati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="Íncwadzí" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="svati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buku" title="Buku – sundan" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Buku" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bok" title="Bok – isveç" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bok" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="isveç" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitabu" title="Kitabu – suahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kitabu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-syl mw-list-item"><a href="https://syl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%A0%87%EA%A0%A4%EA%A0%94%EA%A0%A3%EA%A0%9B" title="ꠇꠤꠔꠣꠛ – Sylheti" lang="syl" hreflang="syl" data-title="ꠇꠤꠔꠣꠛ" data-language-autonym="ꠍꠤꠟꠐꠤ" data-language-local-name="Sylheti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꠍꠤꠟꠐꠤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/cudad" title="cudad – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="cudad" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_(%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81)" title="நூல் (எழுத்துப் படைப்பு) – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நூல் (எழுத்துப் படைப்பு)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/biru" title="biru – Atayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="biru" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Atayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%82" title="పుస్తకం – teluqu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="పుస్తకం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="teluqu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B1" title="Китоб – tacik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Китоб" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tacik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD" title="หนังสือ – tay" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="หนังสือ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitap" title="Kitap – türkmən" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Kitap" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="türkmən" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aklat" title="Aklat – taqaloq" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Aklat" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="taqaloq" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buka" title="Buka – svana" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="Buka" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="svana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Setswana</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buk" title="Buk – tok pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Buk" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="tok pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitap" title="Kitap – türk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kitap" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="türk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF" title="Китап – tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Китап" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Ном – tuvinyan" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Ном" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="tuvinyan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Книга – ukrayna" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Книга" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrayna" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="کتاب – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کتاب" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitob" title="Kitob – özbək" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kitob" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="özbək" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81ibro" title="Łibro – venet dili" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Łibro" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="venet dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirj" title="Kirj – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Kirj" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A1ch" title="Sách – vyetnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Sách" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vyetnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buk" title="Buk – volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Buk" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Live_(po_l%C3%A9re)" title="Live (po lére) – valun" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Live (po lére)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="valun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libro" title="Libro – varay" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Libro" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="varay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6" title="图书 – vu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="图书" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="vu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incwadi" title="Incwadi – xosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Incwadi" data-language-autonym="İsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="xosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>İsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%B7%E1%83%A0%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="კჷრბი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="კჷრბი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%95%D7%9A" title="בוך – idiş" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="בוך" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="idiş" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Cw%C3%A9" title="Ìwé – yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ìwé" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saw" title="Saw – çjuan" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Saw" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="çjuan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%B0%E2%B4%B7%E2%B5%8D%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%99" title="ⴰⴷⵍⵉⵙ – tamazi" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴰⴷⵍⵉⵙ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="tamazi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6" title="图书 – çin" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="图书" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="çin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9B%B8" title="書 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="書" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chheh" title="Chheh – Min Nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chheh" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Min Nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9B%B8" title="書 – kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="書" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incwadi" title="Incwadi – zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Incwadi" data-language-autonym="İsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>İsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q571#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Dillərarası keçidləri redaktə et" class="wbc-editpage">Keçidləri redaktə et</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ad fəzaları"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kitab" title="Məqalənin məzmununu göstər [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Məqalə</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCzakir%C9%99:Kitab&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Səhifə barədə müzakirə (səhifə mövcud deyil) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Müzakirə</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Dil variantını dəyişdirin" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">azərbaycanca</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Görünüş"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kitab"><span>Oxu</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kitab&veaction=edit" title="Bu səhifəni redaktə et [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Redaktə</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kitab&action=edit" title="Səhifənin vikimətnini redaktə et [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Vikimətni redaktə et</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kitab&action=history" title="Bu səhifənin keçmiş nüsxələri. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Tarixçəyə bax</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Səhifə alətləri"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Alətlər" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Alətlər</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Alətlər</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">yan panelə köçür</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">gizlə</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Daha çox seçim" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Fəaliyyətlər </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kitab"><span>Oxu</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kitab&veaction=edit" title="Bu səhifəni redaktə et [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Redaktə</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kitab&action=edit" title="Səhifənin vikimətnini redaktə et [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Vikimətni redaktə et</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kitab&action=history"><span>Tarixçəyə bax</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ümumi </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/X%C3%BCsusi:S%C9%99hif%C9%99y%C9%99Ke%C3%A7idl%C9%99r/Kitab" title="Vikidə bu məqaləyə bağlantılar [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Səhifəyə keçidlər</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/X%C3%BCsusi:%C6%8Flaq%C9%99liD%C9%99yi%C5%9Fiklikl%C9%99r/Kitab" rel="nofollow" title="Bu məqaləyə aid başqa səhifələrdə yeni dəyişikliklər [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Əlaqəli redaktələr</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikipediya:Yükləmə_sehrbazı" title="Yeni şəkil və ya multimedia faylı yüklə [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Fayl yüklə</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kitab&oldid=8012803" title="Bu səhifənin bu versiyasına daimi keçid"><span>Daimi keçid</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kitab&action=info" title="Bu səhifə haqqında ətraflı məlumat"><span>Səhifə məlumatları</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=X%C3%BCsusi:CiteThisPage&page=Kitab&id=8012803&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Bu səhifəyə necə istinad etmək barədə məlumat"><span>Bu səhifəyə istinad et</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=X%C3%BCsusi:UrlQ%C4%B1sald%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1&url=https%3A%2F%2Faz.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKitab"><span>Qısaldılmış URL əldə et</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=X%C3%BCsusi:QrKodu&url=https%3A%2F%2Faz.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKitab"><span>QR-kodu endir</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Çap et/ixrac </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=X%C3%BCsusi:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Kitab"><span>Kitab yarat</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=X%C3%BCsusi:PdfOlaraqY%C3%BCkl%C9%99&page=Kitab&action=show-download-screen"><span>PDF kimi yüklə</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kitab&printable=yes" title="Səhifənin çap versiyası [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Çap versiyası</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Digər layihələrdə </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Book" hreflang="en"><span>Vikianbar</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikiquote.org/wiki/Kitab" hreflang="az"><span>Vikisitat</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q571" title="Bağlanan məlumatların saxlanması elementinə keçid [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Vikidata elementi</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Səhifə alətləri"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Görünüş"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Görünüş</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">yan panelə köçür</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">gizlə</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Vikipediya, azad ensiklopediya</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="az" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayl:Book_06490_20040730160049_L.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Book_06490_20040730160049_L.jpg/250px-Book_06490_20040730160049_L.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Book_06490_20040730160049_L.jpg/330px-Book_06490_20040730160049_L.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Book_06490_20040730160049_L.jpg/500px-Book_06490_20040730160049_L.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Kitab</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Kitab</b> — informasiya daşıyıcılarından ibarət vərəq toplusu. Bu vərəqələr bir tərəfdən tikilir və üzlüklə örtülür. Kitab kağızının hər vərəqinin üzləri səhifə adlanır. Bəzən böyük sənədin və ədəbi əsərin bir hissəsinə də kitab deyilir. </p><p>2013-cü ildə elektron kitablar kəmiyyət baxımından kitab bazarının 30%, qiymət baxımından 14% təşkil edib.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tarixi">Tarixi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kitab&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Tarixi bölməsini redaktə et" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaktə</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kitab&action=edit&section=1" title="Bölmənin mənbə kodunu redaktə et: Tarixi"><span>vikimətni redaktə et</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>İnsan təfəkkürünün məhsulu olan kitabın yaranmasında bir sıra amillər mühüm rol oynamışdır. <a href="/wiki/%C6%8Flifba" title="Əlifba">Əlifbanın</a> və yazının meydana gəlməsi ilk amillərdəndir. Kitabın yaranmasında əsas amil yazı materiallarıdır. İlk əlifbadan və yazıdan istifadə etməyə başlayan insanların ilk kitabları daş, gil lövhələr, metal, ağac və s. olub. Eramızdan əvvəl IV–III minilliklərdə qədim misirlilər <a href="/wiki/Papirus" title="Papirus">papirus</a> adlı yazı materiallarından isifadə etmiş, sonra <a href="/wiki/Ki%C3%A7ik_Asiya" title="Kiçik Asiya">Kiçik Asiyanın</a> Perqama şəhərində gələn <a href="/wiki/Perqament" title="Perqament">perqament</a> onu əvəz etmişdir. </p><p>Eramızdan əvvəl I–II əsrlərdə <a href="/wiki/%C3%87in" title="Çin">Çində</a> kağızın meydana gəlməsi uzun müddət gizli saxlanılmış, yalnız 751-ci ildə <a href="/wiki/Ba%C4%9Fdad" title="Bağdad">Bağdad</a> <a href="/wiki/X%C9%99lif%C9%99" title="Xəlifə">xəlifəsinin</a> <a href="/wiki/S%C9%99m%C9%99rq%C9%99nd" title="Səmərqənd">Səmərqənd</a> nümayəndəsi Çin sərhəddindən əsir tutduğu iki kağız mütəxəssisinin köməyindən sonra <a href="/wiki/S%C9%99m%C9%99rq%C9%99nd" title="Səmərqənd">Səmərqənddə</a> kağız istehsalına başlanılır. Məhz bu fakta görə kağızın vətəni <a href="/wiki/%C5%9E%C9%99rq" title="Şərq">Şərq</a> sayılır. Kağızın meydana gəlməsi <a href="/wiki/%C6%8Flyazma" title="Əlyazma">əlyazma</a> kitabların yaranmasına və geniş yayılmasına böyük təsir göstərdi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="İlk_çap_maşını"><span id=".C4.B0lk_.C3.A7ap_ma.C5.9F.C4.B1n.C4.B1"></span>İlk çap maşını</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kitab&veaction=edit&section=2" title="İlk çap maşını bölməsini redaktə et" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaktə</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kitab&action=edit&section=2" title="Bölmənin mənbə kodunu redaktə et: İlk çap maşını"><span>vikimətni redaktə et</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mütaliyəyə marağın artması əlyazma kitabların tədricən sıradan çıxmasına və kitab çapının meydana gəlməsinə şərait yaratdı. VIII əsrin ilk amillərində <a href="/wiki/Koreya" class="mw-redirect" title="Koreya">Koreyada</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%87in_Xalq_Respublikas%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Çin Xalq Respublikası">Çində</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yaponiya" title="Yaponiya">Yaponiyada</a> kitab çapı ilə bağlı ilk axtarışlar başlasa da, yalnız 1440-cı ildə <a href="/wiki/Alman" class="mw-redirect" title="Alman">alman</a> <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0xtira%C3%A7%C4%B1" title="İxtiraçı">ixtiraçısı</a> <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0ohann_Qutenberq" title="İohann Qutenberq">İohann Qutenberqin</a> ixtirası kitab tarixində yeni dövr açmışdır. Ksiloqrafiya üsulu ilə ilk çap kitabları XV əsrin ikinci yarısında <a href="/wiki/Q%C9%99rbi_Avropa" title="Qərbi Avropa">Qərbi Avropada</a> meydana gəldi. Kitabın çap texnologiyası zaman keçdikcə təkmilləşərək yeni kəşflər nəticəsində inkişaf etdi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Məzmununa_görə_kitab_növləri"><span id="M.C9.99zmununa_g.C3.B6r.C9.99_kitab_n.C3.B6vl.C9.99ri"></span>Məzmununa görə kitab növləri</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kitab&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Məzmununa görə kitab növləri bölməsini redaktə et" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaktə</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kitab&action=edit&section=3" title="Bölmənin mənbə kodunu redaktə et: Məzmununa görə kitab növləri"><span>vikimətni redaktə et</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>Tarixi kitablar</b></li> <li><b>Bioqrafik kitablar</b> — mühüm şəxsiyyətlərin həyatlarından, onların fəaliyyətlərindən bəhs edir. Bəzən bioqrafik kitablarda bütün ömür deyil, müəyyən illərarası fəaliyyəti əhatə edir;</li> <li><b>Yumoristik kitablar</b></li> <li><b>Dini kitablar</b> — müxtəlif dinlərin əsas mənbələri hesab olunan müqəddəs kitablar (<a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">quran</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0ncil" title="İncil">incil</a>, <a href="/wiki/T%C3%B6vrat" title="Tövrat">tövrat</a> və s.), onların təfsirləri, din xadimlərin dini mövzulara həsr etdikləri kitablar və s. daxildir;</li> <li><b>İdman kitabları</b> — müxtəlif idman sahələri, idman tarixi, baş verən yeniliklər, idmançıların həyatları, idmana aid məsləhətlər və s. mövzular əhatə olunur;</li> <li><b>Macəra kitabları</b></li> <li><b>Yemək kitabları</b> — yemək reseptləri, yemək bişirməyin incə məqamları və s. qeyd olunur. Yemək kitablarında əksər hallarda çoxlu, iri şəkillərə yer verilir;</li> <li><b>Detektiv kitabları</b> — işlənən cinayət(lər) və bu cinayət(lər)in açılması prosesindən bəhs edir;</li> <li><b>Elmi kitablar</b> — müxtəlif elm sahələridən, mövzuya aid izahlardan, baş verən yeniliklərdən, perspektivlər bəhs olunur. Elmi kitablarda qrafiklərdən, terminlərdən geniş istifadə olunur.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Həmçinin_bax"><span id="H.C9.99m.C3.A7inin_bax"></span>Həmçinin bax</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kitab&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Həmçinin bax bölməsini redaktə et" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaktə</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kitab&action=edit&section=4" title="Bölmənin mənbə kodunu redaktə et: Həmçinin bax"><span>vikimətni redaktə et</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%C9%99qal%C9%99" title="Məqalə">Məqalə</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="İstinadlar"><span id=".C4.B0stinadlar"></span>İstinadlar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kitab&veaction=edit&section=5" title="İstinadlar bölməsini redaktə et" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaktə</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kitab&action=edit&section=5" title="Bölmənin mənbə kodunu redaktə et: İstinadlar"><span>vikimətni redaktə et</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6982878">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><i>Jim Milliot. </i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/digital/content-and-e-books/article/59791-study-e-books-settle-in-as-another-book-format.html">"Study: E-books Settle In"</a>. <small>2014-05-06 tarixində <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140506145119/http://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/digital/content-and-e-books/article/59791-study-e-books-settle-in-as-another-book-format.html">arxivləşdirilib</a></small><span class="reference-accessdate">. <small>İstifadə tarixi: <span class="nowrap">2014-05-06</span></small></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Study%3A+E-books+Settle+In&rft.au=Jim+Milliot.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.publishersweekly.com%2Fpw%2Fby-topic%2Fdigital%2Fcontent-and-e-books%2Farticle%2F59791-study-e-books-settle-in-as-another-book-format.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faz.wikipedia.org%3AKitab" class="Z3988"></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r8062477">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon 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href="/w/index.php?title=Kitab&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Xarici keçidlər bölməsini redaktə et" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redaktə</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kitab&action=edit&section=6" title="Bölmənin mənbə kodunu redaktə et: Xarici keçidlər"><span>vikimətni redaktə et</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Naviqasiya şablonu" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1px"><div style="padding: 0px 18px 0px 0px; width: 100%;"><div style="float: left;"><span class="noprint plainlinksneverexpand" style="white-space:nowrap;font-size:xx-small"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eablon:Xarici_ke%C3%A7idl%C9%99r" title="Bu şablona bax"><img alt="Bu şablona bax" 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cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>206 dildə</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Mövzu əlavə et</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-66d47bf9fb-vjvzs","wgBackendResponseTime":125,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.141","walltime":"0.209","ppvisitednodes":{"value":160,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":8525,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":17,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":5,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":3,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":4456,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 178.688 1 -total"," 64.82% 115.831 1 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