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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"/><title>Watson - ROBOTS: Your Guide to the World of Robotics</title><meta name="description" content="Watson is an AI system designed to answer natural language questions. It trounced the human competition in a special edition of Jeopardy!, and its first real-world application will involve healthcare data."/><meta name="keywords" content="watson, ibm, united states, research robots, medical robots, ai, artificial intelligence, jeopardy, supercomputers, robot, robots, robotics, robots guide, ieee robots, science, technology, engineering, david ferrucci, natural language processing, ken jennings, brad rutter, watson health, health care, jeopardy champion"/><meta name="twitter:title" content="Watson"/><meta property="og:title" content="Watson"/><meta name="twitter:description" content="Watson is an AI system designed to answer natural language questions. It trounced the human competition in a special edition of Jeopardy!, and its first real-world application will involve healthcare data."/><meta property="og:description" content="Watson is an AI system designed to answer natural language questions. It trounced the human competition in a special edition of Jeopardy!, and its first real-world application will involve healthcare data."/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/b3c1b4a2777cd5b6d9d56877bd14ca8a61e0dfab-1200x630.jpg?w=1200&h=630"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/b3c1b4a2777cd5b6d9d56877bd14ca8a61e0dfab-1200x630.jpg?w=1200&h=630"/><meta name="twitter:image:alt" content="A room is filled with a large floor to ceiling boxy shape consisting of connected server racks labelled Power7. 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A glass wall at the front says IBM Watson and shows a logo with a blue circle and lines on top."/><meta name="twitter:site" content="@robotsapp"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/><meta property="og:site_name" content="ROBOTS: Your Guide to the World of Robotics"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://robotsguide.com/robots/watson"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="fb:app_id" content="539931291641024"/><meta name="google-site-verification" content="L-skWDKE3KKfxCj4MKcOwZUVoZ1L_MkSRLAsNxx-JIw"/><meta name="parsely-title" content="Watson"/><meta name="parsely-link" content="https://robotsguide.com/robots/watson"/><meta name="parsely-section" content="Robots"/><meta name="parsely-type" content="post"/><meta name="parsely-image-url" content="https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/63cfbd801b61d648bbcfe087e8e86432ddd31c68-500x500.jpg"/><meta name="parsely-pub-date" content="2018-05-18T00:00:00.000Z"/><meta name="parsely-author" content="Robots Team"/><meta name="parsely-tags" content="watson, ibm, united states, research robots, medical robots, ai, artificial intelligence, jeopardy, supercomputers, robot, robots, robotics, robots guide, ieee robots, science, technology, engineering, david ferrucci, natural language processing, ken jennings, brad rutter, watson health, health care, jeopardy champion"/><script src="https://cmp.osano.com/AzyzptTmRlqVd2LRf/3bec1d73-e15a-4cc5-a3d1-1d642f5b34ca/osano.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/build/_assets/global-BEPTSMCP.css"/><link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://cdn.sanity.io"/><link rel="preconnect" href="https://cdn.sanity.io"/><link rel="preload" as="font" href="/build/_assets/ABCFavoritPro-Light-4H3RRRRA.woff2" crossorigin="anonymous"/><link rel="preload" as="font" href="/build/_assets/ABCFavoritPro-Book-DOZMQ7DW.woff2" crossorigin="anonymous"/><link rel="preload" as="font" href="/build/_assets/ABCFavoritMono-Light-FTPT6CHG.woff2" crossorigin="anonymous"/><link rel="preload" as="font" href="/build/_assets/ABCFavoritMono-Regular-22AOQEZA.woff2" crossorigin="anonymous"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="/build/_assets/magic360-7SYXUTLT.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="/build/_assets/robot-2WPHQXIE.css"/><link rel="canonical" href="https://robotsguide.com/robots/watson"/><style> @font-face { font-family: ABC Favorit Pro; src: url(/build/_assets/ABCFavoritPro-Light-4H3RRRRA.woff2) format(woff2); font-style: normal; font-weight: 200; font-display: swap; } @font-face { font-family: ABC Favorit Pro; src: url(/build/_assets/ABCFavoritPro-Book-DOZMQ7DW.woff2) format(woff2); font-style: normal; font-weight: 300; font-display: swap; } @font-face { font-family: ABC Favorit Mono; src: url(/build/_assets/ABCFavoritMono-Light-FTPT6CHG.woff2) format(woff2); font-style: normal; font-weight: 200; font-display: swap; } @font-face { font-family: ABC Favorit Mono; src: url(/build/_assets/ABCFavoritMono-Regular-22AOQEZA.woff2) format(woff2); font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; font-display: swap; } </style><script type="application/ld+json">[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Organization","@id":"https://robotsguide.com/#publisher","logo":"https://robotsguide.com/icon-512.png","name":"ROBOTS: Your Guide to the World of Robotics","url":"https://robotsguide.com","parentOrganization":{"@type":"Organization","url":"https://spectrum.ieee.org","name":"IEEE Spectrum"},"sameAs":["https://www.facebook.com/robotsguide/","https://twitter.com/robotsapp","https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLE93DACF9552ACD2D"]},{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://robotsguide.com/#site","url":"https://robotsguide.com","name":"ROBOTS: Your Guide to the World of Robotics","description":"The world's largest catalog of robots, drones, and self-driving cars, with thousands of photos, videos, tech specs, news, and information on how to get into robotics. 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ruled-container-md"><header><h1>Watson</h1></header><div class="split-switcher" data-variant="seven-three" data-direction="rtl"><div class="robot-hero__img ruled-md padding-bottom-l"><figure class=""><img srcSet=" https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/ef4f88c364696e59224520b428df6c434cd84b54-2048x1536.jpg?w=2000&auto=format 2000w, https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/ef4f88c364696e59224520b428df6c434cd84b54-2048x1536.jpg?w=1400&auto=format 1400w, https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/ef4f88c364696e59224520b428df6c434cd84b54-2048x1536.jpg?w=900&auto=format 900w, https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/ef4f88c364696e59224520b428df6c434cd84b54-2048x1536.jpg?w=600&auto=format 600w, " sizes=" (max-width: 420px) 300px, (max-width: 550px) 450px, (max-width: 768px) 700px, (max-width: 1024px) 600px, (max-width: 1440px) 700px, 1000px " src="https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/ef4f88c364696e59224520b428df6c434cd84b54-2048x1536.jpg?w=900&auto=format" alt="Two people and a vertical display with the IBM Watson logo stand behind attached podiums with screens that read dollar amounts and each individual's name. Watson has $1,200 while Ken and Brad have $0." style="aspect-ratio:1.3333333333333333;background-color:#3a5dda"/><button class="lightbox__open"><svg viewBox="0 0 30 30" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M20.8672 9C20.8672 8.65482 20.5874 8.375 20.2422 8.375H14.6172C14.272 8.375 13.9922 8.65482 13.9922 9C13.9922 9.34518 14.272 9.625 14.6172 9.625H19.6172V14.625C19.6172 14.9702 19.897 15.25 20.2422 15.25C20.5874 15.25 20.8672 14.9702 20.8672 14.625V9ZM19.8002 8.55806L11.315 17.0433L12.1988 17.9272L20.6841 9.44194L19.8002 8.55806Z"></path><path d="M8.375 20.2422C8.375 20.5874 8.65482 20.8672 9 20.8672H14.625C14.9702 20.8672 15.25 20.5874 15.25 20.2422C15.25 19.897 14.9702 19.6172 14.625 19.6172H9.625V14.6172C9.625 14.272 9.34518 13.9922 9 13.9922C8.65482 13.9922 8.375 14.272 8.375 14.6172V20.2422ZM9.44194 20.6841L17.9272 12.1988L17.0433 11.315L8.55806 19.8002L9.44194 20.6841Z"></path></svg></button><figcaption><span class="caption">Watson battles "Jeopardy!" champs Ken Jennings and Brad Rutter.</span><span> </span><span class="credit">Photo: Seth Wenig/AP Photo</span></figcaption></figure></div><div class="robot-hero__content ruled-md stack"><div class="robot-hero__description"><p>Watson is an AI system designed to answer natural language questions. It trounced the human competition in a special edition of Jeopardy!, and its first real-world application will involve healthcare data.</p></div><dl class="stack"><dt class="text-label-s">Creator</dt><dd class="text-body-1 creator"><p><a href="https://www.ibm.com/" class="arrow-link" data-arrow-direction="up-right" data-arrow-animation="up-right" data-arrow-color="inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">IBM</a></p></dd><dt class="text-label-s">Year</dt><dd class="text-body-1">2011</dd><dt class="text-label-s">Country</dt><dd><a class="text-label-xs tag" href="/robots?country=united-states">United States 🇺🇸</a></dd><dt class="text-label-s">Categories</dt><dd><ul class="cluster"><li><a class="text-label-xs tag" href="/robots?category=medical">Medical</a></li><li><a class="text-label-xs tag" href="/robots?category=research">Research</a></li></ul></dd><dt class="text-label-s">Features</dt><dd><ul class="cluster"><li><a class="text-label-xs tag" href="/robots?feature=fully-autonomous">Fully Autonomous</a></li><li><a class="text-label-xs tag" href="/robots?feature=speech">Speech</a></li></ul></dd></dl></div></div></div><div id="videos" class="robot-videos "><figure class="youtube-facade"><button class="youtube-facade__button" aria-label="Play video: Final Jeopardy!"><img aria-hidden="true" srcSet=" https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/188d535752a5a3cda616f9afd8dfe8b9343c8816-1280x720.jpg?w=2000&auto=format 2000w, https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/188d535752a5a3cda616f9afd8dfe8b9343c8816-1280x720.jpg?w=1400&auto=format 1400w, https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/188d535752a5a3cda616f9afd8dfe8b9343c8816-1280x720.jpg?w=900&auto=format 900w, https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/188d535752a5a3cda616f9afd8dfe8b9343c8816-1280x720.jpg?w=600&auto=format 600w, " sizes=" (max-width: 420px) 300px, (max-width: 550px) 450px, (max-width: 768px) 700px, (max-width: 1024px) 600px, 700px " src="https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/188d535752a5a3cda616f9afd8dfe8b9343c8816-1280x720.jpg?w=900&auto=format" alt="Final Jeopardy!" width="1280" height="720" style="background-color:#8ab8f5" loading="lazy"/><div class="play-button" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 48 48" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="play-icon"><path d="M35.4069 23.1238C36.0977 23.5037 36.0977 24.4963 35.4069 24.8762L18.4819 34.1849C17.8155 34.5515 17 34.0693 17 33.3087L17 14.6913C17 13.9307 17.8155 13.4485 18.4819 13.8151L35.4069 23.1238Z"></path></svg></div></button><figcaption><span class="caption">Final Jeopardy!</span><span> </span><span class="credit">Video: IBM</span></figcaption></figure></div><div class="robot-ratings ruled-container-md"><h2 class="text-label-s">Rate this Robot</h2><div class="robot-ratings__inner"><div class="robot-rating overall ruled-md"><div class="robot-rating__inner"><header class="repel"><h3 class="text-label-s">Overall 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1.19529Z"></path></svg></label><input type="radio" id="rating-star-4" name="overall" value="4"/><label for="rating-star-4" title="4 Stars" aria-label="4 Stars"><svg viewBox="0 0 38 36" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M18.2867 1.19529C18.5112 0.504305 19.4888 0.504305 19.7133 1.19529L23.5464 12.9924C23.6468 13.3014 23.9348 13.5106 24.2597 13.5106H36.6639C37.3905 13.5106 37.6926 14.4404 37.1048 14.8674L27.0695 22.1584C26.8067 22.3494 26.6967 22.6879 26.7971 22.997L30.6302 34.7941C30.8547 35.4851 30.0639 36.0596 29.4761 35.6326L19.4408 28.3416C19.178 28.1506 18.822 28.1506 18.5592 28.3416L8.52393 35.6326C7.93615 36.0596 7.14529 35.4851 7.3698 34.7941L11.2029 22.997C11.3033 22.6879 11.1933 22.3494 10.9305 22.1584L0.895237 14.8674C0.307452 14.4404 0.609533 13.5106 1.33608 13.5106H13.7403C14.0652 13.5106 14.3532 13.3014 14.4536 12.9924L18.2867 1.19529Z"></path></svg></label><input type="radio" id="rating-star-3" name="overall" value="3"/><label for="rating-star-3" title="3 Stars" 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0.504305 19.7133 1.19529L23.5464 12.9924C23.6468 13.3014 23.9348 13.5106 24.2597 13.5106H36.6639C37.3905 13.5106 37.6926 14.4404 37.1048 14.8674L27.0695 22.1584C26.8067 22.3494 26.6967 22.6879 26.7971 22.997L30.6302 34.7941C30.8547 35.4851 30.0639 36.0596 29.4761 35.6326L19.4408 28.3416C19.178 28.1506 18.822 28.1506 18.5592 28.3416L8.52393 35.6326C7.93615 36.0596 7.14529 35.4851 7.3698 34.7941L11.2029 22.997C11.3033 22.6879 11.1933 22.3494 10.9305 22.1584L0.895237 14.8674C0.307452 14.4404 0.609533 13.5106 1.33608 13.5106H13.7403C14.0652 13.5106 14.3532 13.3014 14.4536 12.9924L18.2867 1.19529Z"></path></svg></label><input type="radio" id="rating-star-1" name="overall" value="1"/><label for="rating-star-1" title="1 Stars" aria-label="1 Stars"><svg viewBox="0 0 38 36" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M18.2867 1.19529C18.5112 0.504305 19.4888 0.504305 19.7133 1.19529L23.5464 12.9924C23.6468 13.3014 23.9348 13.5106 24.2597 13.5106H36.6639C37.3905 13.5106 37.6926 14.4404 37.1048 14.8674L27.0695 22.1584C26.8067 22.3494 26.6967 22.6879 26.7971 22.997L30.6302 34.7941C30.8547 35.4851 30.0639 36.0596 29.4761 35.6326L19.4408 28.3416C19.178 28.1506 18.822 28.1506 18.5592 28.3416L8.52393 35.6326C7.93615 36.0596 7.14529 35.4851 7.3698 34.7941L11.2029 22.997C11.3033 22.6879 11.1933 22.3494 10.9305 22.1584L0.895237 14.8674C0.307452 14.4404 0.609533 13.5106 1.33608 13.5106H13.7403C14.0652 13.5106 14.3532 13.3014 14.4536 12.9924L18.2867 1.19529Z"></path></svg></label></form></div></div></div><div class="robot-rating wanted ruled-md"><div class="robot-rating__inner"><header class="repel"><h3 class="text-label-s">Would you want this robot?</h3></header><div class="robot-rating__content"><form method="post" action="/robots/watson" class="repel"><input type="hidden" name="id" value="robot_watson"/><label class="text-body-2" for="wanted-yes"><input type="radio" name="wanted" id="wanted-yes" value="1"/>Yes<span>, I would</span></label><label class="text-body-2" for="wanted-no"><input type="radio" name="wanted" id="wanted-no" value="0"/>No<span>, I wouldn't</span></label></form></div></div></div><div class="robot-rating appearance ruled-md"><div class="robot-rating__inner"><header class="repel"><h3 class="text-label-s">Appearance</h3></header><div class="robot-rating__content"><div><div class="text-label-s appearance-selection-label ">Neutral</div><form method="post" action="/robots/watson" class=""><input type="hidden" name="id" value="robot_watson"/><input type="range" name="appearance" id="appearance" min="-3" max="3" step="1"/><label class="repel" for="appearance" aria-label="Higher is friendlier, lower is creepier"><span class="text-label-s">Creepy ←</span><span class="text-label-s">→ Friendly</span></label></form></div></div></div></div></div></div><div id="did-you-know" class="did-you-know split-switcher ruled-container-md" data-controlled-column="first"><div class="did-you-know__content stack ruled-md"><h2 class="text-label-s">Did you know?</h2><div class="repel did-you-know__controls"><ul><li><button class="indicator active"><span class="visually-hidden">Go to quote 1</span></button></li><li><button class="indicator"><span class="visually-hidden">Go to quote 2</span></button></li><li><button class="indicator"><span class="visually-hidden">Go to quote 3</span></button></li><li><button class="indicator"><span class="visually-hidden">Go to quote 4</span></button></li><li><button class="indicator"><span class="visually-hidden">Go to quote 5</span></button></li></ul><div class="buttons"><button class="arrow-button">←</button><button class="arrow-button">→</button></div></div><div class="did-you-know__facts"><p class="text-body-l" draggable="false" style="z-index:1;opacity:1;transform:none;-webkit-touch-callout:none;-webkit-user-select:none;user-select:none;touch-action:pan-y">The minimum system requirements needed to run Watson involve a server that costs $1 million.</p></div></div><div class="did-you-know__images stack ruled-md"><figure class=""><img srcSet=" https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/5ace5ddbffdc982b0c34aa8d128d8b6530cbb2e1-2048x1536.jpg?w=2000&auto=format 2000w, https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/5ace5ddbffdc982b0c34aa8d128d8b6530cbb2e1-2048x1536.jpg?w=1400&auto=format 1400w, https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/5ace5ddbffdc982b0c34aa8d128d8b6530cbb2e1-2048x1536.jpg?w=900&auto=format 900w, https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/5ace5ddbffdc982b0c34aa8d128d8b6530cbb2e1-2048x1536.jpg?w=600&auto=format 600w, " sizes=" (max-width: 420px) 300px, (max-width: 550px) 450px, (max-width: 768px) 700px, (max-width: 1024px) 600px, (max-width: 1440px) 700px, 1000px " src="https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/5ace5ddbffdc982b0c34aa8d128d8b6530cbb2e1-2048x1536.jpg?w=900&auto=format" alt="An inquisitive human man in a suit plays Jeopardy! He has $18,200 and has written "Who is Stocker? (I for one welcome our new computer overlords)." loading="lazy" style="aspect-ratio:1.3333333333333333;background-color:#061771"/><button class="lightbox__open"><svg viewBox="0 0 30 30" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M20.8672 9C20.8672 8.65482 20.5874 8.375 20.2422 8.375H14.6172C14.272 8.375 13.9922 8.65482 13.9922 9C13.9922 9.34518 14.272 9.625 14.6172 9.625H19.6172V14.625C19.6172 14.9702 19.897 15.25 20.2422 15.25C20.5874 15.25 20.8672 14.9702 20.8672 14.625V9ZM19.8002 8.55806L11.315 17.0433L12.1988 17.9272L20.6841 9.44194L19.8002 8.55806Z"></path><path d="M8.375 20.2422C8.375 20.5874 8.65482 20.8672 9 20.8672H14.625C14.9702 20.8672 15.25 20.5874 15.25 20.2422C15.25 19.897 14.9702 19.6172 14.625 19.6172H9.625V14.6172C9.625 14.272 9.34518 13.9922 9 13.9922C8.65482 13.9922 8.375 14.272 8.375 14.6172V20.2422ZM9.44194 20.6841L17.9272 12.1988L17.0433 11.315L8.55806 19.8002L9.44194 20.6841Z"></path></svg></button><figcaption><span class="caption">Humans submit to Watson.</span><span> </span><span class="credit">Photo: Erico Guizzo</span></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="robot-history switcher ruled-container-md" data-direction="rtl"><div class="robot-history__content ruled-md"><h2 class="text-label-s padding-bottom-r">History</h2><p>In 2011, IBM unveiled Watson, an AI computer system capable of answering questions posed in natural language. The machine was built as part of IBM's DeepQA project by a research team led by principal investigator <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Ferrucci" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">David Ferrucci</a>. Watson first demonstrated its <a href="https://spectrum.ieee.org/ibms-watson-goes-to-med-school" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">natural-language processing powers</a> on "Jeopardy!," a game that employs puns and wordplay in its trivia clues. For each clue, Watson had to make sense of the messy English language, parse complicated phrasing, and search through up to 200 million pages of text. After a <a href="https://spectrum.ieee.org/watson-ai-fails-to-absolutely-rock-humans-in-first-round-of-jeopardy" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">lackluster Day 1 debut</a>, Watson <a href="https://spectrum.ieee.org/watson-ai-crushes-humans-in-second-round-of-jeopardy" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">completely dominated the game</a> on Day 2, except for a now-infamous <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y2wQQ-xSE4s" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">"What is Toronto?????" mistake</a>. On Day 3, Watson confirmed its superiority by <a href="https://spectrum.ieee.org/ibm-watson-jeopardy-computer-shuts-down-humans" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">defeating human "Jeopardy!" superchampions</a> Ken Jennings and Brad Rutter by a wide margin. As Jennings put it afterwards, "I for one welcome our new computer overlords." However, despite a US <a href="https://spectrum.ieee.org/ibm-invests-1-billion-to-grow-watson-supercomputer-struggling-business" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">$1 billion investment</a>, IBM's attempts at commercializing Watson weren't as successful as its game show performance. In <a href="https://spectrum.ieee.org/ibms-watson-goes-to-med-school" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">health care</a>, Watson demonstrated some early <a href="https://spectrum.ieee.org/ibm-watson-makes-treatment-plan-for-brain-cancer-patient-in-10-minutes-doctors-take-160-hours" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">promising results</a>, but larger deployments <a href="https://spectrum.ieee.org/how-ibm-watson-overpromised-and-underdelivered-on-ai-health-care" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">failed to impress doctors</a> and <a href="https://spectrum.ieee.org/layoffs-at-watson-health-reveal-ibms-problem-with-ai" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">struggled to turn a profit</a>. In January 2022, IBM announced it was <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2022/01/21/tech/ibm-selling-watson-health/index.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">selling off its Watson Health</a> assets.</p></div><div class="robot-history__images ruled-md stack"><figure class=""><img srcSet=" https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/a15eda5b9ccf3442e80c4abcc0cec7b9cc1cc277-2048x1536.jpg?w=2000&auto=format 2000w, https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/a15eda5b9ccf3442e80c4abcc0cec7b9cc1cc277-2048x1536.jpg?w=1400&auto=format 1400w, https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/a15eda5b9ccf3442e80c4abcc0cec7b9cc1cc277-2048x1536.jpg?w=900&auto=format 900w, https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/a15eda5b9ccf3442e80c4abcc0cec7b9cc1cc277-2048x1536.jpg?w=600&auto=format 600w, " sizes=" (max-width: 360px) 300px, (max-width: 480px) 450px, (max-width: 768px) 700px, (max-width: 1024px) 600px, (max-width: 1440px) 700px, 1000px " src="https://cdn.sanity.io/images/7p2whiua/production/a15eda5b9ccf3442e80c4abcc0cec7b9cc1cc277-2048x1536.jpg?w=900&auto=format" alt="A room is filled with a large floor to ceiling boxy shape consisting of connected server racks labelled Power7. A glass wall at the front says IBM Watson and shows a logo with a blue circle and lines on top." loading="lazy" style="aspect-ratio:1.3333333333333333;background-color:#c9d2ca"/><button class="lightbox__open"><svg viewBox="0 0 30 30" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M20.8672 9C20.8672 8.65482 20.5874 8.375 20.2422 8.375H14.6172C14.272 8.375 13.9922 8.65482 13.9922 9C13.9922 9.34518 14.272 9.625 14.6172 9.625H19.6172V14.625C19.6172 14.9702 19.897 15.25 20.2422 15.25C20.5874 15.25 20.8672 14.9702 20.8672 14.625V9ZM19.8002 8.55806L11.315 17.0433L12.1988 17.9272L20.6841 9.44194L19.8002 8.55806Z"></path><path d="M8.375 20.2422C8.375 20.5874 8.65482 20.8672 9 20.8672H14.625C14.9702 20.8672 15.25 20.5874 15.25 20.2422C15.25 19.897 14.9702 19.6172 14.625 19.6172H9.625V14.6172C9.625 14.272 9.34518 13.9922 9 13.9922C8.65482 13.9922 8.375 14.272 8.375 14.6172V20.2422ZM9.44194 20.6841L17.9272 12.1988L17.0433 11.315L8.55806 19.8002L9.44194 20.6841Z"></path></svg></button><figcaption><span class="caption">Watson's brain is about the size of 10 refrigerators.</span><span> </span><span class="credit">Photo: IBM</span></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="specs ruled-container-md"><h2 class="text-label-s padding-bottom-r">Specs</h2><dl class="switcher"><div class="switcher ruled-md"><div class="ruled-md stack padding-bottom-r"><dt class="visually-hidden">Overview</dt><dd class="text-body-1"><p>Architecture based on embarrassingly parallel computations. Capable of performing 80 teraflops (trillion floating-point operations per second).</p></dd><dt class="text-label-s">Status</dt><dd class="text-body-1"><p>Ongoing</p></dd><dt class="text-label-s">Year</dt><dd class="text-body-1"><p>2011</p></dd><dt class="text-label-s">Website</dt><dd class="specs__website-link"><p><a class="arrow-link" data-arrow-direction="up-right" data-arrow-animation="up-right" href="https://www.ibm.com/watson" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"><span>ibm.com/watson</span></a></p></dd></div><div class="ruled-md stack measures padding-bottom-r"><dt class="text-label-s">Width</dt><dd class="text-headline-m">285.5 cm</dd><dt class="text-label-s">Height</dt><dd class="text-headline-m">200 cm (approximate)</dd><dt class="text-label-s">Length</dt><dd class="text-headline-m">291.9 cm</dd><dt class="text-label-s">Weight</dt><dd class="text-headline-m">7500 kg (approximate)</dd></div></div><div class="switcher ruled-md"><div class="ruled-md stack padding-bottom-r"><dt class="text-label-s">Materials</dt><dd class="text-body-1"><p>Lots of silicon and metal.</p></dd></div><div class="ruled-md stack padding-bottom-r"><dt class="text-label-s">Compute</dt><dd class="text-body-1"><p>90 clustered IBM Power 750 servers housed in 10 refrigerator-size racks with I/O nodes and communications hubs. Total of 2,880 POWER7 processor cores, 16 TB of RAM, and 21.6 TB of storage.</p></dd><dt class="text-label-s">Software</dt><dd class="text-body-1"><p>Watson is powered by the DeepQA (Deep Question Answering) analytics software developed by IBM Research. DeepQA is largely written in Java. Other important components are in C/C++ and Prolog. All components work with Apache UIMA (Unstructured Information Management Architecture), which provides the middleware framework for both interoperability and scalability. Watson uses IBM Java for Power systems, the LanguageWare tokenizer from IBM Content Analytics, the ESG parser from IBM Research, and Case Restoration analytics from IBM Research. Other open source analytics used in DeepQA include Indri and Apache Lucene text-search components and the Sesame RDF schema-based repository and querying facility. Hadoop is also used as part of the technology tool kit for generating runtime data sets. For software development the DeepQA research team uses Eclipse and Rational tools.</p></dd><dt class="text-label-s">Power</dt><dd class="text-body-1"><p>External power supply</p></dd></div></div></dl></div><div class="related ruled-container-md split-switcher"><div class="related-news"><h2 class="text-label-s padding-bottom-m">Related News</h2><div class="stack"><article class="news-teaser"><div class="news-teaser__inner" data-size="small"><div class="news-teaser__image"><img src="https://spectrum.ieee.org/media-library/ai-chip.jpg?id=25559645&width=1200&height=600&coordinates=0%2C155%2C0%2C155" alt="IBM Toolkit Aims at Boosting Efficiencies in AI Chips" loading="lazy" style="aspect-ratio:4/3;background-color:var(--color-surface-primary)"/></div><div class="news-teaser__content stack"><a class="breakout-link bullet-link" data-link-style="wrap" href="https://spectrum.ieee.org/ibm-toolkit-aims-at-boosting-efficiencies-in-ai-chips?itm_source=parsely-api" target="_blank" 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In "},{"_key":"6eef1b7fa6f1","_type":"span","marks":["17b294a68ec5"],"text":"health care"},{"_key":"c37cac595fe4","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":", Watson demonstrated some early "},{"_key":"7b06517182d1","_type":"span","marks":["7eade6f15122"],"text":"promising results"},{"_key":"4b37cef6af7a","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":", but larger deployments "},{"_key":"ac1841726e8a","_type":"span","marks":["8b62dd5d615c"],"text":"failed to impress doctors"},{"_key":"9823831ff833","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":" and "},{"_key":"72114dcf49c8","_type":"span","marks":["52c619e3a651"],"text":"struggled to turn a profit"},{"_key":"98af2b4314f7","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":". 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