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.ib-chembox figure:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent){background:var(--background-color-inverted,#f8f9fa)}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ib-chembox figure:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent){background:var(--background-color-inverted,#f8f9fa)}}</style> <table class="infobox ib-chembox"> <caption>Bismuth ferrite </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba;color:inherit; text-align: center;">Identifiers </th></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/CAS_Registry_Number" title="CAS Registry Number">CAS Number</a></div> </td> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="commonchemistry.cas.org"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=12010-42-3">12010-42-3</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">3D model (<a href="/wiki/JSmol" class="mw-redirect" title="JSmol">JSmol</a>)</div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="chemapps.stolaf.edu (3D interactive model)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chemapps.stolaf.edu/jmol/jmol.php?model=%5BBi%2B3%5D.%5BFe%2B3%5D.%5BO-2%5D.%5BO-2%5D.%5BO-2%5D">Interactive image</a></span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/PubChem" title="PubChem">PubChem</a> <abbr title="Compound ID">CID</abbr></div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/161118030">161118030</a></span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; text-align:left; font-weight:normal;"><div><a href="/wiki/International_Chemical_Identifier" title="International Chemical Identifier">InChI</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="border-top:1px solid #ccc; padding:0.2em 0 0.2em 1.5em; text-align:left;"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">InChI=1S/Bi.Fe.3O/q2*+3;3*-2</div><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">Key: UKOQHRZDRNXQCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N</div></div></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; text-align:left; font-weight:normal;"><div><a href="/wiki/Simplified_molecular-input_line-entry_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Simplified molecular-input line-entry system">SMILES</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="border-top:1px solid #ccc; padding:0.2em 0 0.2em 1.6em; word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">[Bi+3].[Fe+3].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2]</div></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba;color:inherit; text-align: center;">Properties </th></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Chemical_formula" title="Chemical formula">Chemical formula</a></div> </td> <td><span title="Bismuth">Bi</span><span title="Iron">Fe</span><span title="Oxygen">O</span><sub>3</sub> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Molar_mass" title="Molar mass">Molar mass</a> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7002312822000000000♠"></span>312.822</span> g·mol<sup>−1</sup>   </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left; background:#f8eaba; color:inherit; border:1px solid #a2a9b1;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their <a href="/wiki/Standard_state" title="Standard state">standard state</a> (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).</div> <div style="margin-top: 0.3em;"></div> <div style="margin-top: 0.3em; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Chemical_infobox#References" title="Wikipedia:Chemical infobox">Infobox references</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Chemical compound</div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Bismuth" title="Bismuth">Bismuth</a> <a href="/wiki/Allotropes_of_iron#Alpha_iron_(α-Fe)" title="Allotropes of iron">ferrite</a></b> (BiFeO<sub>3</sub>, also commonly referred to as BFO in materials science) is an inorganic chemical compound with <a href="/wiki/Perovskite_structure" class="mw-redirect" title="Perovskite structure">perovskite structure</a> and one of the most promising <a href="/wiki/Multiferroic" class="mw-redirect" title="Multiferroic">multiferroic</a> materials.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The room-temperature <a href="/wiki/Phase_(matter)" title="Phase (matter)">phase</a> of BiFeO<sub>3</sub> is classed as <a href="/wiki/Rhombohedral" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhombohedral">rhombohedral</a> belonging to the <a href="/wiki/Space_group" title="Space group">space group</a> R3c.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is <a href="/wiki/Chemical_synthesis" title="Chemical synthesis">synthesized</a> in <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bulk" class="extiw" title="wikt:bulk">bulk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thin_film" title="Thin film">thin film</a> form and both its <a href="/wiki/Antiferromagnetic" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiferromagnetic">antiferromagnetic</a> (G type ordering) <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9el_temperature" class="mw-redirect" title="Néel temperature">Néel temperature</a> (approximately 653 K) and <a href="/wiki/Ferroelectric" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferroelectric">ferroelectric</a> <a href="/wiki/Curie_temperature" title="Curie temperature">Curie temperature</a> are well above room temperature (approximately 1100K).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ferroelectric <a href="/wiki/Dielectric_polarization" class="mw-redirect" title="Dielectric polarization">polarization</a> occurs along the pseudocubic direction (<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \langle 111\rangle _{c}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟨</mo> <mn>111</mn> <msub> <mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟩</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>c</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \langle 111\rangle _{c}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2dcc31f9ff29683091a84de305a1de05654d5fad" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:6.241ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \langle 111\rangle _{c}}"></span>) with a magnitude of 90–95 μC/cm<sup>2</sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sample_Preparation">Sample Preparation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bismuth_ferrite&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Sample Preparation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bismuth ferrite is not a naturally occurring <a href="/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral">mineral</a> and several synthesis routes to obtain the compound have been developed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Solid_state_synthesis">Solid state synthesis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bismuth_ferrite&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Solid state synthesis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the solid state reaction method<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Bismuth" title="Bismuth">bismuth</a> <a href="/wiki/Oxide" title="Oxide">oxide</a> (Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) and <a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">iron</a> oxide (Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) in a 1:1 <a href="/wiki/Mole_(unit)" title="Mole (unit)">mole</a> ratio are mixed with a <a href="/wiki/Mortar_(bowl)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mortar (bowl)">mortar</a> or by <a href="/wiki/Ball_milling" class="mw-redirect" title="Ball milling">ball milling</a> and then fired at elevated temperatures. Preparation of pure <a href="/wiki/Stoichiometric" class="mw-redirect" title="Stoichiometric">stoichiometric</a> BiFeO<sub>3</sub> is challenging due to the <a href="/wiki/Volatility_(chemistry)" title="Volatility (chemistry)">volatility</a> of bismuth during firing which leads to the formation of stable secondary Bi<sub>25</sub>FeO<sub>39</sub> (<a href="/wiki/Selenite_(mineral)" title="Selenite (mineral)">selenite</a>) and Bi<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>4</sub>O<sub>9</sub> (<a href="/wiki/Mullite" title="Mullite">mullite</a>) phase. Typically a firing temperature of 800 to 880 Celsius is used for 5 to 60 minutes with rapid subsequent cooling. Excess Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> has also been used a measure to compensate for bismuth volatility and to avoid formation of the Bi<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>4</sub>O<sub>9</sub> phase. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Single_crystal_growth">Single crystal growth</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bismuth_ferrite&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Single crystal growth"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bismuth ferrite melts incongruently, but it can be grown from a bismuth oxide rich flux (e.g. a 4:1:1 mixture of Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> at approximately 750-800 Celsius).<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> High quality single crystals have been important for studying the <a href="/wiki/Ferroelectric" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferroelectric">ferroelectric</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antiferromagnetism" title="Antiferromagnetism">antiferromagnetic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Magnetoelectric_effect" title="Magnetoelectric effect">magnetoelectric</a> properties of bismuth ferrite. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chemical_routes">Chemical routes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bismuth_ferrite&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Chemical routes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Wet <a href="/wiki/Chemical_synthesis" title="Chemical synthesis">chemical synthesis</a> routes based on sol-gel <a href="/wiki/Chemistry" title="Chemistry">chemistry</a>, modified Pechini routes,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Hydrothermal_synthesis" title="Hydrothermal synthesis">hydrothermal</a><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> synthesis and precipitation have been used to prepare phase pure BiFeO<sub>3</sub>. The advantage of the chemical routes is the compositional <a href="/wiki/Homogeneity" class="mw-redirect" title="Homogeneity">homogeneity</a> of the precursors and the reduced loss of bismuth due to the much lower temperatures needed. In sol-gel routes, an <a href="/wiki/Amorphous" class="mw-redirect" title="Amorphous">amorphous</a> precursor is <a href="/wiki/Calcined" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcined">calcined</a> at 300-600 Celsius to remove organic residuals and to promote crystallization of the bismuth ferrite perovskite phase, while the disadvantage is that the resulting powder must be <a href="/wiki/Sintering" title="Sintering">sintered</a> at high temperature to make a dense <a href="/wiki/Polycrystal" class="mw-redirect" title="Polycrystal">polycrystal</a>. </p><p>Solution combustion reaction is a low-cost method used to synthesize porous BiFeO<sub>3</sub>. In this method, a reducing agent (such glycine, citric acid, urea, etc.) and an oxidizing agent (nitrate ions, nitric acid, etc.) are used to generate the <a href="/wiki/Redox" title="Redox">reduction-oxidation</a> (RedOx) reaction. The appearance of the flame, and consequently the temperature of the mixture, depends on the oxidizing/reducing agents ratio used.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Annealing up to 600 °C is sometimes needed to decompose the bismuth oxo-nitrates generated as intermediates. Since the content of Fe cations in this semiconductor material, <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B6ssbauer_spectroscopy" title="Mössbauer spectroscopy">Mӧssbauer spectroscopy</a> is a proper technique to detect the presence of a <a href="/wiki/Paramagnetism" title="Paramagnetism">paramagnetic</a> component in the phase. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Thin_films">Thin films</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bismuth_ferrite&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Thin films"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Electric" class="mw-redirect" title="Electric">electric</a> and <a href="/wiki/Magnetic" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnetic">magnetic</a> properties of high quality <a href="/wiki/Epitaxial" class="mw-redirect" title="Epitaxial">epitaxial</a> <a href="/wiki/Thin_films" class="mw-redirect" title="Thin films">thin films</a> of bismuth ferrite reported in 2003<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> revived the scientific interest for bismuth ferrite. Epitaxial thin films have the great advantage that their properties can be tuned by processing<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or chemical doping,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and that they can be integrated in <a href="/wiki/Electronic_circuitry" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic circuitry">electronic circuitry</a>. Epitaxial <a href="/wiki/Strain_(chemistry)" title="Strain (chemistry)">strain</a> induced by single crystalline <a href="/wiki/Substrate_(chemistry)" title="Substrate (chemistry)">substrates</a> with different <a href="/wiki/Lattice_constant" title="Lattice constant">lattice parameters</a> than bismuth ferrite can be used to modify the crystal structure to <a href="/wiki/Monoclinic" class="mw-redirect" title="Monoclinic">monoclinic</a> or <a href="/wiki/Tetragonal" class="mw-redirect" title="Tetragonal">tetragonal</a> <a href="/wiki/Symmetry" title="Symmetry">symmetry</a> and change the ferroelectric, <a href="/wiki/Piezoelectric" class="mw-redirect" title="Piezoelectric">piezoelectric</a> or magnetic properties.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Pulsed_laser_deposition" title="Pulsed laser deposition">Pulsed laser deposition</a> (PLD) is a very common route to epitaxial BiFeO<sub>3</sub> films, and SrTiO<sub>3</sub> substrates with SrRuO<sub>3</sub> <a href="/wiki/Electrodes" class="mw-redirect" title="Electrodes">electrodes</a> are typically used. <a href="/wiki/Sputtering" title="Sputtering">Sputtering</a>, <a href="/wiki/Molecular-beam_epitaxy" title="Molecular-beam epitaxy">molecular-beam epitaxy</a> (MBE),<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Metal_organic_chemical_vapor_deposition" class="mw-redirect" title="Metal organic chemical vapor deposition">metal organic chemical vapor deposition</a> (MOCVD), <a href="/wiki/Atomic_layer_deposition" title="Atomic layer deposition">atomic layer deposition</a> (ALD), and chemical solution deposition are other methods to prepare epitaxial bismuth ferrite thin films. Apart from its magnetic and electric properties bismuth ferrite also possesses <a href="/wiki/Photovoltaic" class="mw-redirect" title="Photovoltaic">photovoltaic</a> properties which is known as ferroelectric photovoltaic (FPV) effect. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Applications">Applications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bismuth_ferrite&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Applications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Being a room temperature <a href="/wiki/Multiferroic" class="mw-redirect" title="Multiferroic">multiferroic</a> material and due to its ferroelectric photovoltaic (FPV) effect, bismuth ferrite has several applications in the field of <a href="/wiki/Magnetism" title="Magnetism">magnetism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spintronics" title="Spintronics">spintronics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Photovoltaics" title="Photovoltaics">photovoltaics</a>, etc. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Photovoltaics">Photovoltaics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bismuth_ferrite&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Photovoltaics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the FPV effect, a <a href="/wiki/Photocurrent" title="Photocurrent">photocurrent</a> is generated in a ferroelectric material under illumination and its direction is dependent upon the ferroelectric polarization of that material. The FPV effect has a promising potential as an alternative to conventional photovoltaic devices. But the main hindrance is that a very small photocurrent is generated in ferroelectric materials like <a href="/wiki/Lithium_niobate" title="Lithium niobate">LiNbO<sub>3</sub></a>,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is due to its large bandgap and low conductivity. In this direction bismuth ferrite has shown a great potential since a large photocurrent effect and above bandgap voltage<sup id="cite_ref-YangSYSeidelJByrnesSJShaferPYangCHRossellMDYuPChuYHScottJFAgerJWMartinLWRameshR_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-YangSYSeidelJByrnesSJShaferPYangCHRossellMDYuPChuYHScottJFAgerJWMartinLWRameshR-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is observed in this material under illumination. Most of the works using bismuth ferrite as a photovoltaic material has been reported on its thin film form but in a few reports researchers have formed a bilayer structure with other materials like polymers, <a href="/wiki/Graphene" title="Graphene">graphene</a> and other semiconductors. In a report <i>p-i-n</i> <a href="/wiki/Heterojunction" title="Heterojunction">heterojunction</a> has been formed with bismuth ferrite <a href="/wiki/Nanoparticles" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanoparticles">nanoparticles</a> along with two oxide based carrier transporting layers.<sup id="cite_ref-ChatterjeeSBeraAPalAJ_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ChatterjeeSBeraAPalAJ-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In spite of such efforts the power conversion efficiency obtained from bismuth ferrite is still very low. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bismuth_ferrite&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWangNeatonZhengNagarajan2003" class="citation journal cs1">Wang, J.; Neaton, B.; Zheng, H.; Nagarajan, V.; Ogale, S. 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(2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/6831m90k">"Above-Bandgap Voltages from Ferroelectric Photovoltaic Devices"</a>. <i>Nature Nanotechnology</i>. <b>5</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">143–</span>147. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010NatNa...5..143Y">2010NatNa...5..143Y</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnnano.2009.451">10.1038/nnano.2009.451</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20062051">20062051</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:16970573">16970573</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Nanotechnology&rft.atitle=Above-Bandgap+Voltages+from+Ferroelectric+Photovoltaic+Devices.&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E143-%3C%2Fspan%3E147&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnnano.2009.451&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A16970573%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20062051&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2010NatNa...5..143Y&rft.aulast=Yang&rft.aufirst=S.Y.&rft.au=Seidel%2C+J.&rft.au=Byrnes%2C+S.J.&rft.au=Shafer%2C+P.&rft.au=Yang%2C+C.H.&rft.au=Rossell%2C+M.D.&rft.au=Yu%2C+P.&rft.au=Chu%2C+Y.H.&rft.au=Scott%2C+J.F.&rft.au=Ager%2C+J.W.&rft.au=Martin%2C+L.W.&rft.au=Ramesh%2C+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.escholarship.org%2Fuc%2Fitem%2F6831m90k&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABismuth+ferrite" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ChatterjeeSBeraAPalAJ-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ChatterjeeSBeraAPalAJ_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChatterjeeBeraPal2014" class="citation journal cs1">Chatterjee, S.; Bera, A.; Pal, A.J. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/am506066m">"p–i–n Heterojunctions with BiFeO3 Perovskite Nanoparticles and p- and n-Type Oxides: Photovoltaic Properties"</a>. <i>ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces</i>. <b>6</b> (22): <span class="nowrap">20479–</span>20486. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fam506066m">10.1021/am506066m</a>.</cite><span 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href="/wiki/Bismuth(III)_acetate" title="Bismuth(III) acetate">Bi(CH<sub>3</sub>COO)<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bismuth_tribromide" title="Bismuth tribromide">BiBr<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bismuth_chloride" title="Bismuth chloride">BiCl<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bismuth_germanate" title="Bismuth germanate">Bi<sub>4</sub>Ge<sub>3</sub>O<sub>12</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bismuth_oxychloride" title="Bismuth oxychloride">BiOCl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bismuth_oxyiodide" title="Bismuth oxyiodide">BiOI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bismuth_oxynitrate" title="Bismuth oxynitrate">BiONO<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bismuth_arsenide" title="Bismuth arsenide">BiAs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bismuth_selenide" title="Bismuth selenide">Bi<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bismuth_silicon_oxide" title="Bismuth silicon oxide">Bi<sub>12</sub>SiO<sub>20</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bismuth_subcarbonate" title="Bismuth subcarbonate">Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>(CO<sub>3</sub>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bismuth_telluride" title="Bismuth telluride">Bi<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bismuth_trifluoride" title="Bismuth trifluoride">BiF<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bismuth(III)_iodide" title="Bismuth(III) iodide">BiI<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bismuth(III)_sulfate" title="Bismuth(III) sulfate">Bi<sub>2</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bismuth(III)_nitrate" title="Bismuth(III) nitrate">Bi(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bismuth_phosphate" class="mw-redirect" title="Bismuth phosphate">BiPO<sub>4</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bismuth_vanadate" title="Bismuth vanadate">BiVO<sub>4</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bismuth_iodate" title="Bismuth iodate">Bi(IO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bismuth(III)_oxide" title="Bismuth(III) oxide">Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bismuth_phosphide" title="Bismuth phosphide">BiP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bismanol" title="Bismanol">BiMn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bismuth_hydroxide" title="Bismuth hydroxide">Bi(OH)<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bismuth(III)_sulfide" title="Bismuth(III) sulfide">Bi<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bismuthine" title="Bismuthine">BiH<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">BiFeO<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bismuth_subsalicylate" title="Bismuth subsalicylate">(BiO(C<sub>7</sub>H<sub>5</sub>O<sub>3</sub>))<sub><i>n</i></sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bismuth_subcitrate" title="Bismuth subcitrate">BiK<sub>3</sub>(C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>O<sub>7</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bismuth_subgallate" title="Bismuth subgallate">C<sub>7</sub>H<sub>5</sub>BiO<sub>6</sub></a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Organobismuth(III)18" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organobismuth(III)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bismole" title="Bismole">C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>4</sub>BiH</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bismuth(V)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_bismuthate" title="Sodium bismuthate">NaBiO<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lead_bismuthate" title="Lead bismuthate">Pb(BiO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bismuth_pentafluoride" title="Bismuth pentafluoride">BiF<sub>5</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bismuth_pentoxide" title="Bismuth pentoxide">Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub></a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Organobismuth(V)16" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organobismuth(V)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pentamethylbismuth" title="Pentamethylbismuth">Bi(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>5</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pentaphenylbismuth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pentaphenylbismuth (page does not exist)">Bi(C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)<sub>5</sub></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1123817410">.mw-parser-output .template-chem2-su{display:inline-block;font-size:80%;line-height:1;vertical-align:-0.35em}.mw-parser-output .template-chem2-su>span{display:block;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output sub.template-chem2-sub{font-size:80%;vertical-align:-0.35em}.mw-parser-output sup.template-chem2-sup{font-size:80%;vertical-align:0.65em}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Iron_compounds98" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Iron_compounds" title="Template:Iron compounds"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Iron_compounds" title="Template talk:Iron compounds"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Iron_compounds" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Iron compounds"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Iron_compounds98" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Iron_compounds" title="Iron compounds">Iron compounds</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fe(−II)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iron_tetracarbonyl_dihydride" title="Iron tetracarbonyl dihydride">H<sub>2</sub>Fe(CO)<sub>4</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disodium_tetracarbonylferrate" title="Disodium tetracarbonylferrate">Na<sub>2</sub>Fe(CO)<sub>4</sub></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fe(0)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iron_pentacarbonyl" title="Iron pentacarbonyl">Fe(CO)<sub>5</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diiron_nonacarbonyl" title="Diiron nonacarbonyl">Fe<sub>2</sub>(CO)<sub>9</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triiron_dodecacarbonyl" title="Triiron dodecacarbonyl">Fe<sub>3</sub>(CO)<sub>12</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(Benzylideneacetone)iron_tricarbonyl" title="(Benzylideneacetone)iron tricarbonyl">Fe(CO)<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>COC<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub>C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>6</sub></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fe(I)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iron(I)_hydride" title="Iron(I) hydride">FeH</a></li></ul></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Organoiron(I)_compounds48" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Organoiron_chemistry" title="Organoiron chemistry">Organoiron</a>(I) compounds</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclopentadienyliron_dicarbonyl_dimer" title="Cyclopentadienyliron dicarbonyl dimer">(C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>5</sub>FeCO)<sub>2</sub>(CO)<sub>2</sub></a></li> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fe(0,II)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iron_carbide" class="mw-redirect" title="Iron carbide">Fe<sub>3</sub>C</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fe(II)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iron(II)_hydride" title="Iron(II) hydride">FeH<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnesium_iron_hexahydride" title="Magnesium iron hexahydride">Mg<sub>2</sub>FeH<sub>6</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron(II)_fluoride" title="Iron(II) fluoride">FeF<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron(II)_chloride" title="Iron(II) chloride">FeCl<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron(II)_perchlorate" title="Iron(II) perchlorate">Fe(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron(II)_bromide" title="Iron(II) bromide">FeBr<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron(II)_iodide" title="Iron(II) iodide">FeI<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron(II)_oxide" title="Iron(II) oxide">FeO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron(II)_hydroxide" title="Iron(II) hydroxide">Fe(OH)<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron(II)_sulfide" title="Iron(II) sulfide">FeS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron(II)_sulfate" title="Iron(II) sulfate">FeSO<sub>4</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ammonium_iron(II)_sulfate" title="Ammonium iron(II) sulfate">(NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>Fe(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>·6H<sub>2</sub>O</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron(II)_selenide" title="Iron(II) selenide">FeSe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron(II)_selenate" title="Iron(II) selenate">FeSeO<sub>4</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron(II)_nitrate" title="Iron(II) nitrate">Fe(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron(II)_phosphate" title="Iron(II) phosphate">Fe<sub>3</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_disilicide" title="Iron disilicide">FeSi<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron(II)_tetrafluoroborate" title="Iron(II) tetrafluoroborate">Fe(BF<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron(II)_chromite" title="Iron(II) chromite">FeCr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron(II)_molybdate" title="Iron(II) molybdate">FeMoO<sub>4</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron(II)_titanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Iron(II) titanate">FeTiO<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron(II)_carbonate" title="Iron(II) carbonate">FeCO<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron(II)_oxalate" title="Iron(II) oxalate">FeC<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron(II)_acetate" title="Iron(II) acetate">Fe(C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>3</sub>O<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron(II)_lactate" title="Iron(II) lactate">Fe(C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>5</sub>O<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron(II)_citrate" title="Iron(II) citrate">FeC<sub>6</sub>H<sub>6</sub>O<sub>7</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron(II)_gluconate" title="Iron(II) gluconate">FeC<sub>12</sub>H<sub>22</sub>O<sub>14</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_tetracarbonyl_diiodide" title="Iron tetracarbonyl diiodide">FeI<sub>2</sub>(CO)<sub>4</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_ferrocyanide" title="Potassium ferrocyanide"><span class="chemf nowrap">K<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub>Fe(CN)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">6</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_ferrioxalate" title="Sodium ferrioxalate"><span class="chemf nowrap">Na<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub>Fe(C<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>O<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub>)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub></span></a> / <a href="/wiki/Potassium_ferrooxalate" title="Potassium ferrooxalate"><span class="chemf nowrap">K<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>Fe(C<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>O<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub>)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span></a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Organoiron(II)_compounds24" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organoiron(II) compounds</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferrocene" title="Ferrocene">Fe(C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclopentadienyliron_dicarbonyl_iodide" title="Cyclopentadienyliron dicarbonyl iodide">Fe(C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)(CO)<sub>2</sub>I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1,1%27-Bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene" title="1,1'-Bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene">Fe(C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>4</sub>P(C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclobutadieneiron_tricarbonyl" title="Cyclobutadieneiron tricarbonyl">C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>4</sub>Fe(CO)<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(Butadiene)iron_tricarbonyl" title="(Butadiene)iron tricarbonyl">C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>6</sub>Fe(CO)<sub>3</sub></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fe(0,III)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iron_monosilicide" title="Iron monosilicide">FeSi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_germanide" title="Iron germanide">FeGe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fe(II,III)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iron(II,III)_oxide" title="Iron(II,III) oxide">Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron(II,III)_sulfide" title="Iron(II,III) sulfide">Fe<sub>3</sub>S<sub>4</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prussian_blue" title="Prussian blue">Prussian blue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fe(III)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iron(III)_iodide" title="Iron(III) iodide">FeI<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron(III)_bromide" title="Iron(III) bromide">FeBr<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron(III)_chloride" title="Iron(III) chloride">FeCl<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron(III)_fluoride" title="Iron(III) fluoride">FeF<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_phosphide" title="Iron phosphide">FeP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron(III)_nitrate" title="Iron(III) nitrate">Fe(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tris(acetylacetonato)iron(III)" title="Tris(acetylacetonato)iron(III)">Fe(acac)<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_oxychloride" title="Iron oxychloride">FeOCl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetraethylammonium_diiron_oxyhexachloride" title="Tetraethylammonium diiron oxyhexachloride">[(C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)<sub>4</sub>N][O(FeCl<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron(III)_oxide-hydroxide" title="Iron(III) oxide-hydroxide">FeO(OH)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron(III)_phosphate" title="Iron(III) phosphate">FePO<sub>4</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron(III)_pyrophosphate" title="Iron(III) pyrophosphate">Fe<sub>4</sub>(P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron(III)_chromate" title="Iron(III) chromate">Fe<sub>2</sub>(CrO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferric_oxalate" title="Ferric oxalate">Fe<sub>2</sub>(C<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron(III)_oxide" title="Iron(III) oxide">Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron(III)_selenite" title="Iron(III) selenite">Fe<sub>2</sub>(SeO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron(III)_sulfide" title="Iron(III) sulfide">Fe<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron(III)_sulfate" title="Iron(III) sulfate">Fe<sub>2</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron(III)_azide" title="Iron(III) azide">Fe(N<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ammonium_iron(III)_sulfate" title="Ammonium iron(III) sulfate">NH<sub>4</sub>Fe(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>·12H<sub>2</sub>O</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_ferricyanide" title="Potassium ferricyanide"><span class="chemf nowrap">K<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub>Fe(CN)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">6</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_ferrioxalate" title="Potassium ferrioxalate"><span class="chemf nowrap">K<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub>Fe(C<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>O<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub>)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub></span></a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Organoiron(III)_compounds25" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organoiron(III) compounds</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferrocenium_tetrafluoroborate" title="Ferrocenium tetrafluoroborate">Fe(C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)<sub>2</sub>BF<sub>4</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ammonium_ferric_citrate" title="Ammonium ferric citrate">C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>8</sub>O<sub>7</sub>·<i>x</i>Fe<sup>3+</sup>·<i>y</i>NH<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferric_stearate" title="Ferric stearate"><span class="chemf nowrap">C<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">54</sub></span></span>H<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">105</sub></span></span>FeO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">6</sub></span></span></span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fe(IV)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iron_tetrafluoride" title="Iron tetrafluoride"><span class="chemf nowrap">FeF<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub></span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fe(VI)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_ferrate" title="Potassium ferrate">K<sub>2</sub>FeO<sub>4</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barium_ferrate" title="Barium ferrate">BaFeO<sub>4</sub></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" 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