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vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Początek</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Życiorys" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Życiorys"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Życiorys</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Życiorys-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Przełącz podsekcję Życiorys</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Życiorys-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pierwsza_podróż_–_hadżdż" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pierwsza_podróż_–_hadżdż"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Pierwsza podróż – hadżdż</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pierwsza_podróż_–_hadżdż-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Podróż_do_Iraku_i_Persji" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Podróż_do_Iraku_i_Persji"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Podróż do Iraku i Persji</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Podróż_do_Iraku_i_Persji-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Podróż_po_wschodniej_Afryce" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Podróż_po_wschodniej_Afryce"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Podróż po wschodniej Afryce</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Podróż_po_wschodniej_Afryce-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Podróż_do_Indii" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Podróż_do_Indii"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Podróż do Indii</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Podróż_do_Indii-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Podróż_do_Chin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Podróż_do_Chin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Podróż do Chin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Podróż_do_Chin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Podróż_do_Hiszpanii_i_Afryki" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Podróż_do_Hiszpanii_i_Afryki"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Podróż do Hiszpanii i Afryki</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Podróż_do_Hiszpanii_i_Afryki-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Znaczenie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Znaczenie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Znaczenie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Znaczenie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Upamiętnienie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Upamiętnienie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Upamiętnienie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Upamiętnienie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Publikacje" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Publikacje"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Publikacje</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Publikacje-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zobacz_też" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zobacz_też"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Zobacz też</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zobacz_też-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uwagi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uwagi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Uwagi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uwagi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Przypisy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Przypisy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Przypisy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Przypisy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Spis treści" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Przełącz stan spisu treści" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Przełącz stan spisu treści</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Muhammad Ibn Battuta</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Przejdź do artykułu w innym języku. Treść dostępna w 137 językach" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-137" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">137 języków</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibnu_Bathuthah" title="Ibnu Bathuthah – aceh" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Ibnu Bathuthah" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="aceh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Battuta" title="Ibn Battuta – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ibn Battuta" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Battuta" title="Ibn Battuta – szwajcarski niemiecki" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Ibn Battuta" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="szwajcarski niemiecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A5%E1%89%A5%E1%8A%95_%E1%89%A3%E1%89%B1%E1%89%B3" title="እብን ባቱታ – amharski" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="እብን ባቱታ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B7%D8%A9" title="ابن بطوطة – arabski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ابن بطوطة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Battuta" title="Ibn Battuta – aragoński" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Ibn Battuta" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE" title="ইবন বটুতা – asamski" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ইবন বটুতা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="asamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Battuta" title="Ibn Battuta – asturyjski" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ibn Battuta" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Battuta" title="Ibn Battuta – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Ibn Battuta" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0bn_B%C9%99tut%C9%99" title="İbn Bətutə – azerbejdżański" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İbn Bətutə" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbejdżański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B7%D9%87" title="ابن بطوطه – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ابن بطوطه" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="dobry artykuł"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE" title="ইবনে বতুতা – bengalski" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইবনে বতুতা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Battuta" title="Ibn Battuta – minnański" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ibn Battuta" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B1%D0%BD_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Ибн Баттута – baszkirski" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ибн Баттута" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baszkirski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B1%D0%BD_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Ібн Батута – białoruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ібн Батута" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="białoruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B1%D0%BD_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Ібн Батута – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ібн Батута" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B1%D0%BD_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Ибн Батута – bułgarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ибн Батута" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bułgarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Battuta" title="Ibn Battuta – bawarski" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Ibn Battuta" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bawarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn-Batuta" title="Ibn-Batuta – bośniacki" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Ibn-Batuta" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bośniacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Battuta" title="Ibn Battuta – bretoński" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Ibn Battuta" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B1%D0%BD_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Ибн Баттута – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Ибн Баттута" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Battuta" title="Ibn Battuta – kataloński" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ibn Battuta" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="kataloński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ab%C3%BA_Abdallah_ibn_Batt%C3%BAta" title="Abú Abdallah ibn Battúta – czeski" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Abú Abdallah ibn Battúta" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="czeski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Battuta" title="Ibn Battuta – korsykański" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Ibn Battuta" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="korsykański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Battuta" title="Ibn Battuta – walijski" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ibn Battuta" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Battuta" title="Ibn Battuta – duński" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ibn Battuta" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="duński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B7%D8%A9" title="بن بطوطة – marokański arabski" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="بن بطوطة" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="marokański arabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Batt%C5%ABta" title="Ibn Battūta – niemiecki" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ibn Battūta" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="niemiecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%87%DE%A8%DE%84%DE%B0%DE%82%DE%A8_%DE%84%DE%A6%DE%A0%DE%AB%DE%A0%DE%A7" title="އިބްނި ބަޠޫޠާ – malediwski" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="އިބްނި ބަޠޫޠާ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="malediwski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Ba%C5%A3%C5%A3%C5%AB%C5%A3ah" title="Ibn Baţţūţah – estoński" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ibn Baţţūţah" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%BD_%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%84%CE%B1" title="Ιμπν Μπατούτα – grecki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ιμπν Μπατούτα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Battuta" title="Ibn Battuta – angielski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Ibn Battuta" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angielski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Battuta" title="Ibn Battuta – hiszpański" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ibn Battuta" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hiszpański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Batuta" title="Ibn Batuta – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ibn Batuta" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Battuta" title="Ibn Battuta – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ibn Battuta" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B7%D9%87" title="ابن بطوطه – perski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ابن بطوطه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Battuta" title="Ibn Battuta – hindi fidżyjskie" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Ibn Battuta" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="hindi fidżyjskie" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Batt%C3%BBta" title="Ibn Battûta – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ibn Battûta" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Battuta" title="Ibn Battuta – irlandzki" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ibn Battuta" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Battuta" title="Ibn Battuta – galicyjski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ibn Battuta" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%AC%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E6%9D%9C%E4%BB%96" title="伊本·巴杜他 – gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="伊本·巴杜他" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%87%E0%AA%AC%E0%AA%A8_%E0%AA%AC%E0%AA%A4%E0%AB%82%E0%AA%A4%E0%AA%BE" title="ઇબન બતૂતા – gudżarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ઇબન બતૂતા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gudżarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EB%B8%90_%EB%B0%94%ED%88%AC%ED%83%80" title="이븐 바투타 – koreański" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="이븐 바투타" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Battuta" title="Ibn Battuta – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Ibn Battuta" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D5%A2%D5%B6_%D4%B2%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BF%D5%A1" title="Իբն Բատուտա – ormiański" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Իբն Բատուտա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ormiański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8-%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="इब्न-बतूता – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="इब्न-बतूता" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Batuta" title="Ibn Batuta – chorwacki" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ibn Batuta" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="chorwacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibnu_Batutah" title="Ibnu Batutah – gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Ibnu Batutah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Battuta" title="Ibn Battuta – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Ibn Battuta" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Battuta" title="Ibn Battuta – ilokano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Ibn Battuta" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilokano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibnu_Batutah" title="Ibnu Batutah – indonezyjski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ibnu Batutah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B1%D0%BD_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82%C3%A6" title="Ибн Баттутæ – osetyjski" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Ибн Баттутæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osetyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Battuta" title="Ibn Battuta – islandzki" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Ibn Battuta" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Battuta" title="Ibn Battuta – włoski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ibn Battuta" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="włoski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%91%D7%9F_%D7%91%D7%98%D7%95%D7%98%D7%94" title="אבן בטוטה – hebrajski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אבן בטוטה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibnu_Batutah" title="Ibnu Batutah – jawajski" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Ibnu Batutah" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="jawajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%87%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D" title="ಇಬ್ನ್ ಬತೂತ್ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಇಬ್ನ್ ಬತೂತ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%91%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90" title="იბნ ბატუტა – gruziński" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="იბნ ბატუტა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruziński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B1%D0%BD_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Ибн Баттута – kazachski" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ибн Баттута" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazachski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Battuta" title="Ibn Battuta – kornijski" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Ibn Battuta" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="kornijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Battuta" title="Ibn Battuta – suahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ibn Battuta" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Abdullax_Muxammad_Ibn_Battuta" title="Abu Abdullax Muxammad Ibn Battuta – kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Abu Abdullax Muxammad Ibn Battuta" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Batt%C3%BBta" title="Ibn Battûta – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Ibn Battûta" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Ebn_Bet%C3%BBte" title="Îbn Betûte – kurdyjski" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Îbn Betûte" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Ba%E1%B9%AD%E1%B9%AD%C5%AB%E1%B9%ADa" title="Ibn Baṭṭūṭa – łaciński" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ibn Baṭṭūṭa" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="łaciński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Bat%C5%ABta" title="Ibn Batūta – łotewski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ibn Batūta" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="łotewski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Batuta" title="Ibn Batuta – litewski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ibn Batuta" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litewski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Battuta" title="Ibn Battuta – liguryjski" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Ibn Battuta" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="liguryjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Battuta" title="Ibn Battuta – limburski" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Ibn Battuta" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Battuta" title="Ibn Battuta – lombardzki" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Ibn Battuta" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="dobry artykuł"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Batt%C3%BAta" title="Ibn Battúta – węgierski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ibn Battúta" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="węgierski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B1%D0%BD_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Ибн Батута – macedoński" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ибн Батута" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Battuta" title="Ibn Battuta – malgaski" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Ibn Battuta" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4" title="ഇബ്ൻ ബത്തൂത്ത – malajalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഇബ്ൻ ബത്തൂത്ത" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Battuta" title="Ibn Battuta – maltański" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Ibn Battuta" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="इब्न बतूता – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इब्न बतूता" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%91%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90" title="იბნ ბატუტა – megrelski" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="იბნ ბატუტა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="megrelski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B7%D9%87" title="ابن بطوطه – egipski arabski" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ابن بطوطه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egipski arabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Battuta" title="Ibn Battuta – malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ibn Battuta" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibnu_Bathuthah" title="Ibnu Bathuthah – minangkabu" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Ibnu Bathuthah" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Battuta" title="Ibn Battuta – niderlandzki" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ibn Battuta" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="niderlandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="dobry artykuł"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%96%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%90%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E3%82%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BF" title="イブン・バットゥータ – japoński" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="イブン・バットゥータ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B1%D0%BD_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Ибн Баттута – czeczeński" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Ибн Баттута" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="czeczeński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Battuta" title="Ibn Battuta – norweski (bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ibn Battuta" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norweski (bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Battuta" title="Ibn Battuta – norweski (nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Ibn Battuta" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norweski (nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Battuta" title="Ibn Battuta – oksytański" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ibn Battuta" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksytański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Battuta" title="Ibn Battuta – uzbecki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ibn Battuta" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE" title="ਇਬਨ ਬਤੂਤਾ – pendżabski" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਇਬਨ ਬਤੂਤਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pendżabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B7%D8%A7" title="ابن بطوطا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ابن بطوطا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B7%D9%87" title="ابن بطوطه – paszto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ابن بطوطه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paszto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Battuta" title="Ibn Battuta – jamajski" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Ibn Battuta" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="jamajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Battuta" title="Ibn Battuta – piemoncki" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Ibn Battuta" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemoncki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Batt%C5%ABta" title="Ibn Battūta – dolnoniemiecki" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Ibn Battūta" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="dolnoniemiecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibne_Batuta" title="Ibne Batuta – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ibne Batuta" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Battuta" title="Ibn Battuta – karakałpacki" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Ibn Battuta" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakałpacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0bn_Battuta" title="İbn Battuta – krymskotatarski" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="İbn Battuta" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="krymskotatarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Battuta" title="Ibn Battuta – rumuński" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ibn Battuta" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumuński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B1%D0%BD_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Ібн Батута – rusiński" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Ібн Батута" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="rusiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B1%D0%BD_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Ибн Баттута – rosyjski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ибн Баттута" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rosyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%B1_%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B4%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%B4%E1%B1%9F" title="ᱤᱵᱱ ᱵᱟᱴᱩᱴᱟ – santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱤᱵᱱ ᱵᱟᱴᱩᱴᱟ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%90_%D8%A8%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B7%DB%81" title="ابنِ بطوطہ – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="ابنِ بطوطہ" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Batuta" title="Ibn Batuta – albański" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Ibn Batuta" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B1_%E0%B6%B6%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8F" title="ඉබ්න බතූතා – syngaleski" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ඉබ්න බතූතා" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="syngaleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Battuta" title="Ibn Battuta – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ibn Battuta" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B7%D8%A7" title="ابن بطوطا – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ابن بطوطا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Batt%C3%BAta" title="Ibn Battúta – słowacki" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ibn Battúta" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="słowacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="medal"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Batuta" title="Ibn Batuta – słoweński" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ibn Batuta" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="słoweński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibnu_Baduuda" title="Ibnu Baduuda – somalijski" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Ibnu Baduuda" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somalijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%95" title="ئیبن بەتووتە – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئیبن بەتووتە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B1%D0%BD_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Ибн Батута – serbski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ибн Батута" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Batuta" title="Ibn Batuta – serbsko-chorwacki" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ibn Batuta" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbsko-chorwacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibnu_Batutah" title="Ibnu Batutah – sundajski" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Ibnu Batutah" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Battuta" title="Ibn Battuta – fiński" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ibn Battuta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="dobry artykuł"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Battuta" title="Ibn Battuta – szwedzki" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ibn Battuta" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="szwedzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Battuta" title="Ibn Battuta – tagalski" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Ibn Battuta" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE" title="இப்னு பதூதா – tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இப்னு பதூதா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Ba%E1%B9%AD%E1%B9%ADu%E1%B9%ADa" title="Ibn Baṭṭuṭa – tashelhiyt" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Ibn Baṭṭuṭa" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="tashelhiyt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Ba%E1%B9%AD%E1%B9%ADu%E1%B9%ADa" title="Ibn Baṭṭuṭa – kabylski" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Ibn Baṭṭuṭa" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabylski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Battuta" title="Ibn Battuta – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Ibn Battuta" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="dobry artykuł"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B1%D0%BD_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Ибн Баттута – tatarski" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Ибн Баттута" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%8F%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8F%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C" title="อิบน์ บะฏูเฏาะฮ์ – tajski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อิบน์ บะฏูเฏาะฮ์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Ибни Баттута – tadżycki" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ибни Баттута" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadżycki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0bn_Battuta" title="İbn Battuta – turecki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İbn Battuta" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B1%D0%BD_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Ібн Баттута – ukraiński" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ібн Баттута" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B7%DB%81" title="ابن بطوطہ – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ابن بطوطہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Battuta" title="Ibn Battuta – wepski" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Ibn Battuta" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="wepski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Battuta" title="Ibn Battuta – wietnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ibn Battuta" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="wietnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Batouta" title="Ibn Batouta – waloński" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Ibn Batouta" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="waloński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Battuta" title="Ibn Battuta – waraj" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Ibn Battuta" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waraj" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%AC%C2%B7%E7%99%BD%E5%9B%BE%E6%B3%B0" title="伊本·白图泰 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="伊本·白图泰" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%91%D7%9F_%D7%91%D7%90%D7%98%D7%95%D7%98%D7%90" title="איבן באטוטא – jidysz" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="איבן באטוטא" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jidysz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Battuta" title="Ibn Battuta – joruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ibn Battuta" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="joruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E5%9C%96%E6%B3%B0" title="白圖泰 – kantoński" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="白圖泰" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Batuta" title="Ibn Batuta – żmudzki" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Ibn Batuta" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="żmudzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%AC%C2%B7%E7%99%BD%E5%9B%BE%E6%B3%B0" title="伊本·白图泰 – chiński" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="伊本·白图泰" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibnu_Batutah" title="Ibnu Batutah – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Ibnu Batutah" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%89%E2%B4%B1%E2%B5%8F_%E2%B4%B1%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%9F%E2%B5%9F%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%9F%E2%B4%B0" title="ⵉⴱⵏ ⴱⴰⵟⵟⵓⵟⴰ – standardowy marokański tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵉⴱⵏ ⴱⴰⵟⵟⵓⵟⴰ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="standardowy marokański tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7331#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edytuj linki pomiędzy wersjami językowymi" class="wbc-editpage">Edytuj linki</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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.infobox>caption>.iboxt-flex{display:flex;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:center;gap:4px}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption>.iboxt-flex>.iboxt-ikona{flex-grow:0;flex-shrink:0;font-size:7px;max-width:40px;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption>.iboxt-flex>.iboxt-tekst{flex-grow:1}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption .iboxt-1{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption .iboxt-2{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption .iboxt-3{font-style:italic;font-size:90%}</style><div class="iboxt-1">Ibn Battuta</div><div class="iboxt-2"><span style="font-style: normal;" lang="ar">‏ أبو عبد الله محمد بن عبد الله اللواتي الطنجي بن بطوطة‎</span><br />Abū ‘Abd Allāh Muḥammad Ibn Baṭṭūṭa</div> </caption> <tbody><tr class="grafika iboxs"> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Handmade_oil_painting_reproduction_of_Ibn_Battuta_in_Egypt,_a_painting_by_Hippolyte_Leon_Benett..jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ilustracja autorstwa Léona Benetta (1839–1916) z 1878 roku przedstawiająca Ibn Battutę (po prawej stronie) z przewodnikiem w Egipcie"><img alt="Ilustracja" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Handmade_oil_painting_reproduction_of_Ibn_Battuta_in_Egypt%2C_a_painting_by_Hippolyte_Leon_Benett..jpg/166px-Handmade_oil_painting_reproduction_of_Ibn_Battuta_in_Egypt%2C_a_painting_by_Hippolyte_Leon_Benett..jpg" decoding="async" width="166" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Handmade_oil_painting_reproduction_of_Ibn_Battuta_in_Egypt%2C_a_painting_by_Hippolyte_Leon_Benett..jpg/250px-Handmade_oil_painting_reproduction_of_Ibn_Battuta_in_Egypt%2C_a_painting_by_Hippolyte_Leon_Benett..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Handmade_oil_painting_reproduction_of_Ibn_Battuta_in_Egypt%2C_a_painting_by_Hippolyte_Leon_Benett..jpg/333px-Handmade_oil_painting_reproduction_of_Ibn_Battuta_in_Egypt%2C_a_painting_by_Hippolyte_Leon_Benett..jpg 2x" data-file-width="498" data-file-height="718" /></a></span><br />Ilustracja autorstwa <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Benett" title="Léon Benett">Léona Benetta</a> (1839–1916) z 1878 roku przedstawiająca Ibn Battutę (po prawej stronie) z przewodnikiem w Egipcie </td></tr> <tr> <th>Data i miejsce urodzenia </th> <td> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/24_lutego" title="24 lutego">24 lutego</a> <a href="/wiki/1304" title="1304">1304</a></span> <br /><a href="/wiki/Tanger" title="Tanger">Tanger</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Data i miejsce śmierci </th> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/1368" title="1368">1368</a>/<a href="/wiki/1369" title="1369">1369</a> lub <a href="/wiki/1377" title="1377">1377</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Tanger" title="Tanger">Tanger</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Zawód, zajęcie </th> <td> <p>podróżnik, geograf </p> </td></tr> <tr class="noprint plainlinks" style="border-top:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); text-align:center;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0;"> <table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="width:100%; margin:0px; background:var(--background-color-base, #fff); color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle; width:30px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Category:Ibn_Battuta" title="Commons"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/31px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/42px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Category:Ibn_Battuta" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Category:Ibn Battuta">Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Ibn_Battuta_1325-1332.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Ibn_Battuta_1325-1332.png/240px-Ibn_Battuta_1325-1332.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Ibn_Battuta_1325-1332.png/360px-Ibn_Battuta_1325-1332.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Ibn_Battuta_1325-1332.png/480px-Ibn_Battuta_1325-1332.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="570" /></a><figcaption>Trasy podróży Ibn Batutty w latach 1325–1332</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Ibn_Battuta_1332-1346.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Ibn_Battuta_1332-1346.png/240px-Ibn_Battuta_1332-1346.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Ibn_Battuta_1332-1346.png/360px-Ibn_Battuta_1332-1346.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Ibn_Battuta_1332-1346.png/480px-Ibn_Battuta_1332-1346.png 2x" data-file-width="802" data-file-height="566" /></a><figcaption>Trasy podróży Ibn Batutty w latach 1332–1346</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Abū ‘Abd Allāh Muḥammad Ibn Baṭṭūṭa</b><sup id="cite_ref-ePWN_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ePWN-1">[1]</a></sup>, zwany również <b>Ibn Battuta</b><sup id="cite_ref-ePWN_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ePWN-1">[1]</a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_arabski" title="Język arabski">arab.</a> <span style="font-style: normal;" lang="ar">‏أبو عبد الله محمد ابن بطوطة‎</span>) (ur. <a href="/wiki/24_lutego" title="24 lutego">24 lutego</a> <a href="/wiki/1304" title="1304">1304</a> w <a href="/wiki/Tanger" title="Tanger">Tangerze</a>, zm. <a href="/wiki/1368" title="1368">1368</a>/<a href="/wiki/1369" title="1369">1369</a> lub <a href="/wiki/1377" title="1377">1377</a> w <a href="/wiki/Maroko" title="Maroko">Maroku</a>) – pochodzący z <a href="/wiki/Tanger" title="Tanger">Tangeru</a> <a href="/wiki/Podr%C3%B3%C5%BC" title="Podróż">podróżnik</a>, który przemierzył blisko 120 tysięcy kilometrów, odwiedzając prawie wszystkie ówczesne kraje muzułmańskie, docierając do Chin i współczesnej <a href="/wiki/Indonezja" title="Indonezja">Indonezji</a>, uważany za największego arabskiego podróżnika okresu <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Aredniowiecze" title="Średniowiecze">średniowiecza</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Życiorys"><span id=".C5.BByciorys"></span>Życiorys</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_Ibn_Battuta&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj sekcję: Życiorys" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_Ibn_Battuta&action=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Życiorys"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ibn Battuta urodził się 24 lutego 1304 roku w <a href="/wiki/Tanger" title="Tanger">Tangerze</a> w ówczesnym <a href="/wiki/Maroko" title="Maroko">Maroku</a><sup id="cite_ref-ePWN_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ePWN-1">[1]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2020_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2020-2">[2]</a></sup><span class="problemy problemy-w-odn" aria-hidden="true" data-nosnippet="" data-problemy="ODN: brak numeru strony"> </span> pod panowaniem <a href="/wiki/Marynidzi" title="Marynidzi">Marynidów</a><sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFDunn20121_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFDunn20121-3">[3]</a></sup>. Pochodził z rodziny uczonych prawa i <a href="/wiki/Kadi" title="Kadi">sędziów</a><sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2020_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2020-2">[2]</a></sup><span class="problemy problemy-w-odn" aria-hidden="true" data-nosnippet="" data-problemy="ODN: brak numeru strony"> </span>. Sam odebrał wykształcenie z dziedziny prawa <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">muzułmańskiego</a> w Tangerze<sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFDunn20121_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFDunn20121-3">[3]</a></sup> – studiował prawo <a href="/wiki/Malikici" title="Malikici">szkoły malikickiej</a><sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFCzerwiński2019150_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFCzerwiński2019150-4">[4]</a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pierwsza_podróż_–_hadżdż"><span id="Pierwsza_podr.C3.B3.C5.BC_.E2.80.93_had.C5.BCd.C5.BC"></span>Pierwsza podróż – hadżdż</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_Ibn_Battuta&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Edytuj sekcję: Pierwsza podróż – hadżdż" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_Ibn_Battuta&action=edit&section=2" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Pierwsza podróż – hadżdż"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>W czerwcu 1325 roku wybrał się na <a href="/wiki/Had%C5%BCd%C5%BC" title="Hadżdż">pielgrzymkę</a> do <a href="/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka">Mekki</a>, a jego droga prowadziła przez kraje <a href="/wiki/Maghreb" title="Maghreb">Maghrebu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egipt" title="Egipt">Egipt</a> i <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syrię</a><sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFEncyclopédie_berbère20003599–3600_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFEncyclopédie_berbère20003599–3600-5">[5]</a></sup>. Podróżował przez ponad półtora roku i do celu dotarł na jesieni 1326 roku<sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFDunn20121_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFDunn20121-3">[3]</a></sup>. W trakcie podróży zatrzymywał się, by pogłębiać swoją wiedzę u uznanych w świecie islamu uczonych, co zostało udokumentowane uzyskanymi dyplomami<sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2020_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2020-2">[2]</a></sup><span class="problemy problemy-w-odn" aria-hidden="true" data-nosnippet="" data-problemy="ODN: brak numeru strony"> </span>. Dzięki tym naukom zdobył kwalifikacje sędziego<sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2020_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2020-2">[2]</a></sup><span class="problemy problemy-w-odn" aria-hidden="true" data-nosnippet="" data-problemy="ODN: brak numeru strony"> </span>. </p><p>Podróż rozbudziła w nim zainteresowanie światem i dalszymi podróżami w celach poznawczych<sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2020_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2020-2">[2]</a></sup><span class="problemy problemy-w-odn" aria-hidden="true" data-nosnippet="" data-problemy="ODN: brak numeru strony"> </span>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Podróż_do_Iraku_i_Persji"><span id="Podr.C3.B3.C5.BC_do_Iraku_i_Persji"></span>Podróż do Iraku i Persji</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_Ibn_Battuta&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Edytuj sekcję: Podróż do Iraku i Persji" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_Ibn_Battuta&action=edit&section=3" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Podróż do Iraku i Persji"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>We wrześniu 1326 roku Ibn Battuta opuścił Mekkę i udał się przez pustynie <a href="/wiki/P%C3%B3%C5%82wysep_Arabski" title="Półwysep Arabski">Półwyspu Arabskiego</a> do <a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak">Iraku</a>, przez południowy <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> i <a href="/wiki/Azerbejd%C5%BCan" title="Azerbejdżan">Azerbejdżan</a>, by dotrzeć do <a href="/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad">Bagdadu</a><sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2020_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2020-2">[2]</a></sup><span class="problemy problemy-w-odn" aria-hidden="true" data-nosnippet="" data-problemy="ODN: brak numeru strony"> </span>. Podczas podróży spotkał m.in. ostatniego mongolskiego władcę Iranu – <a href="/wiki/Abu_Sa%E2%80%99id" title="Abu Sa’id">Abu Sa’ida</a> (1305–1335)<sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2020_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2020-2">[2]</a></sup><span class="problemy problemy-w-odn" aria-hidden="true" data-nosnippet="" data-problemy="ODN: brak numeru strony"> </span>. Lata 1327–1330 spędził w Mekce i Medynie<sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2020_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2020-2">[2]</a></sup><span class="problemy problemy-w-odn" aria-hidden="true" data-nosnippet="" data-problemy="ODN: brak numeru strony"> </span>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Podróż_po_wschodniej_Afryce"><span id="Podr.C3.B3.C5.BC_po_wschodniej_Afryce"></span>Podróż po wschodniej Afryce</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_Ibn_Battuta&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Edytuj sekcję: Podróż po wschodniej Afryce" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_Ibn_Battuta&action=edit&section=4" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Podróż po wschodniej Afryce"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>W 1328 lub 1330 roku udał się drogą morską do <a href="/wiki/Jemen" title="Jemen">Jemenu</a>, który pokonał drogą lądową<sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFDunn20121_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFDunn20121-3">[3]</a></sup>. Podróżując dalej drogą morską, odwiedził arabskie przyczółki handlowe na <a href="/wiki/Afryka_Wschodnia" title="Afryka Wschodnia">wschodnim wybrzeżu Afryki</a><sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFEncyclopédie_berbère20003599–3600_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFEncyclopédie_berbère20003599–3600-5">[5]</a></sup>. Dotarł do <a href="/wiki/Su%C5%82tanat_Kilwa" title="Sułtanat Kilwa">Kilwy</a> (obecnej <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzanii</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2020_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2020-2">[2]</a></sup><span class="problemy problemy-w-odn" aria-hidden="true" data-nosnippet="" data-problemy="ODN: brak numeru strony"> </span>. W drodze powrotnej przemierzył południową Arabię, <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a> i południową Persję, i po przeprawie przez <a href="/wiki/Zatoka_Perska" title="Zatoka Perska">Zatokę Perską</a> powrócił do Mekki w 1332 roku<sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFEncyclopédie_berbère20003599–3600_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFEncyclopédie_berbère20003599–3600-5">[5]</a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Podróż_do_Indii"><span id="Podr.C3.B3.C5.BC_do_Indii"></span>Podróż do Indii</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_Ibn_Battuta&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Edytuj sekcję: Podróż do Indii" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_Ibn_Battuta&action=edit&section=5" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Podróż do Indii"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kiedy Ibn Battuta dowiedział się o wsparciu, jakiego uczonym islamu udzielał władca <a href="/wiki/Su%C5%82tanat_Delhijski" title="Sułtanat Delhijski">Sułtanatu Delhijskiego</a> <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Tughlak" title="Muhammad Tughlak">Muhammad Tughlak</a> (1290–1351), postanowił udać się do Indii, by wstąpić na jego dwór<sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2020_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2020-2">[2]</a></sup><span class="problemy problemy-w-odn" aria-hidden="true" data-nosnippet="" data-problemy="ODN: brak numeru strony"> </span><sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFDunn20121_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFDunn20121-3">[3]</a></sup>. Jego droga wiodła początkowo na północ – przez Egipt, <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syrię</a> i <a href="/wiki/Azja_Mniejsza" title="Azja Mniejsza">Azję Mniejszą</a>, gdzie odwiedził liczne sułtanaty <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolii</a><sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2020_2-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2020-2">[2]</a></sup><span class="problemy problemy-w-odn" aria-hidden="true" data-nosnippet="" data-problemy="ODN: brak numeru strony"> </span>. Następnie przeprawił się przez <a href="/wiki/Morze_Czarne" title="Morze Czarne">Morze Czarne</a> na <a href="/wiki/P%C3%B3%C5%82wysep_Krymski" title="Półwysep Krymski">Krym</a>, by przez północny <a href="/wiki/Kaukaz_(region)" title="Kaukaz (region)">Kaukaz</a> i tereny dolnej <a href="/wiki/Wo%C5%82ga" title="Wołga">Wołgi</a> dotrzeć do terytoriów podlegających <a href="/wiki/Mongo%C5%82owie" title="Mongołowie">Mongołom</a> <a href="/wiki/Z%C5%82ota_Orda" title="Złota Orda">Złotej Ordy</a><sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2020_2-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2020-2">[2]</a></sup><span class="problemy problemy-w-odn" aria-hidden="true" data-nosnippet="" data-problemy="ODN: brak numeru strony"> </span>. Odwiedził również <a href="/wiki/Konstantynopol" title="Konstantynopol">Konstantynopol</a> w orszaku żony khana, bizantyjskiej księżniczki<sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2020_2-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2020-2">[2]</a></sup><span class="problemy problemy-w-odn" aria-hidden="true" data-nosnippet="" data-problemy="ODN: brak numeru strony"> </span>. Następnie udał się przez stepy <a href="/wiki/Rosja" title="Rosja">Rosji</a> w kierunku <a href="/wiki/Indie" title="Indie">Indii</a>, podróżując z <a href="/wiki/Karawana" title="Karawana">karawaną</a> do <a href="/wiki/Azja_%C5%9Arodkowa" title="Azja Środkowa">Azji Środkowej</a> – odwiedzając <a href="/wiki/Buchara" title="Buchara">Bucharę</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samarkanda" title="Samarkanda">Samarkandę</a> i <a href="/wiki/Balch" title="Balch">Balch</a><sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2020_2-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2020-2">[2]</a></sup><span class="problemy problemy-w-odn" aria-hidden="true" data-nosnippet="" data-problemy="ODN: brak numeru strony"> </span>. Przemierzył <a href="/wiki/Chorasan" title="Chorasan">Chorasan</a> i <a href="/wiki/Afganistan" title="Afganistan">Afganistan</a> i po przeprawieniu się przez <a href="/wiki/Hindukusz" title="Hindukusz">Hindukusz</a> dotarł do Indii – brzegu <a href="/wiki/Indus" title="Indus">Indusu</a> – 12 września 1333 roku<sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2020_2-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2020-2">[2]</a></sup><span class="problemy problemy-w-odn" aria-hidden="true" data-nosnippet="" data-problemy="ODN: brak numeru strony"> </span><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">[a]</a></sup>. Po przybyciu do Delhi został przyjęty z honorami i powierzono mu funkcję <a href="/wiki/Kadi" title="Kadi">sędziego</a>, którą piastował przez kilka lat<sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2020_2-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2020-2">[2]</a></sup><span class="problemy problemy-w-odn" aria-hidden="true" data-nosnippet="" data-problemy="ODN: brak numeru strony"> </span>. W sumie w Indiach spędził osiem lat<sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFDunn20122_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFDunn20122-6">[6]</a></sup>. </p><p>W 1341 roku sułtan mianował go swoim wysłannikiem na dwór cesarza Chin<sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFDunn20122_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFDunn20122-6">[6]</a></sup>. Misja Ibn Battuty zakończyła się tragicznie – został uwikłany w lokalny konflikt na <a href="/wiki/Wybrze%C5%BCe_Malabarskie" title="Wybrzeże Malabarskie">Wybrzeżu Malabarskim</a> i jego statek został zatopiony niedaleko współczesnego <a href="/wiki/Kozhikode" title="Kozhikode">Kozhikode</a><sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2020_2-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2020-2">[2]</a></sup><span class="problemy problemy-w-odn" aria-hidden="true" data-nosnippet="" data-problemy="ODN: brak numeru strony"> </span>. Ibn Battuta utracił cały dobytek i prezenty wiezione dla cesarza<sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2020_2-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2020-2">[2]</a></sup><span class="problemy problemy-w-odn" aria-hidden="true" data-nosnippet="" data-problemy="ODN: brak numeru strony"> </span>. Wiedziony strachem przed reakcją sułtana, udał się na <a href="/wiki/Malediwy" title="Malediwy">Malediwy</a><sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2020_2-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2020-2">[2]</a></sup><span class="problemy problemy-w-odn" aria-hidden="true" data-nosnippet="" data-problemy="ODN: brak numeru strony"> </span>, gdzie przez dwa lata sprawował funkcję sędziego<sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFDunn20123_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFDunn20123-8">[7]</a></sup>. Wżenił się do rodziny królewskiej i bez powodzenia próbował zostać sułtanem<sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2020_2-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2020-2">[2]</a></sup><span class="problemy problemy-w-odn" aria-hidden="true" data-nosnippet="" data-problemy="ODN: brak numeru strony"> </span>. </p><p>Następnie pojechał na <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lankę</a>, gdzie spotkał się z jej władcą i zdobył <a href="/wiki/Szczyt_Adama" title="Szczyt Adama">Szczyt Adama</a><sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2020_2-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2020-2">[2]</a></sup><span class="problemy problemy-w-odn" aria-hidden="true" data-nosnippet="" data-problemy="ODN: brak numeru strony"> </span>. Uczestniczył w wojnie prowadzonej przez swojego szwagra<sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2020_2-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2020-2">[2]</a></sup><span class="problemy problemy-w-odn" aria-hidden="true" data-nosnippet="" data-problemy="ODN: brak numeru strony"> </span>. Powrócił na Malediwy, by wkrótce wyruszyć do <a href="/wiki/Bengal" title="Bengal">Bengalu</a> i <a href="/wiki/Assam" class="mw-redirect" title="Assam">Assamu</a><sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2020_2-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2020-2">[2]</a></sup><span class="problemy problemy-w-odn" aria-hidden="true" data-nosnippet="" data-problemy="ODN: brak numeru strony"> </span>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Podróż_do_Chin"><span id="Podr.C3.B3.C5.BC_do_Chin"></span>Podróż do Chin</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_Ibn_Battuta&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Edytuj sekcję: Podróż do Chin" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_Ibn_Battuta&action=edit&section=6" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Podróż do Chin"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>W 1345 roku postanowił udać się do Chin na własną rękę<sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFDunn20123_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFDunn20123-8">[7]</a></sup>. Popłynął na <a href="/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra">Sumatrę</a>, gdzie muzułmański sułtan oddał mu do dyspozycji statek, którym udał się do Chin<sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2020_2-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2020-2">[2]</a></sup><span class="problemy problemy-w-odn" aria-hidden="true" data-nosnippet="" data-problemy="ODN: brak numeru strony"> </span>. Miał dotrzeć do <a href="/wiki/Quanzhou" title="Quanzhou">Quanzhou</a> a stamtąd drogami wodnymi do <a href="/wiki/Pekin" title="Pekin">Pekinu</a><sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFDunn20123_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFDunn20123-8">[7]</a></sup>. Jednak z uwagi na rozbieżności w jego zapiskach, zakres jego podróży po Chinach nie jest znany – najprawdopodobniej przebywał jedynie na południowym wybrzeżu<sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFDunn20123_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFDunn20123-8">[7]</a></sup>. </p><p>W latach 1346–47 podróżował z powrotem, a jego droga wiodła przez południowe Indie, Zatokę Perską, Syrię i Egipt<sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFDunn20123_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFDunn20123-8">[7]</a></sup>. Z Egiptu odbył kolejną, piątą, pielgrzymkę do Mekki<sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFEncyclopédie_berbère20003599–3600_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFEncyclopédie_berbère20003599–3600-5">[5]</a></sup>, a następnie popłynął z <a href="/wiki/Aleksandria" title="Aleksandria">Aleksandrii</a> do domu – poprzez <a href="/wiki/Tunezja" title="Tunezja">Tunezję</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sardynia" title="Sardynia">Sardynię</a> i <a href="/wiki/Algier" title="Algier">Algier</a> dotarł do <a href="/wiki/Fez" title="Fez">Fezu</a> w Maroku w listopadzie 1349 roku<sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2020_2-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2020-2">[2]</a></sup><span class="problemy problemy-w-odn" aria-hidden="true" data-nosnippet="" data-problemy="ODN: brak numeru strony"> </span>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Podróż_do_Hiszpanii_i_Afryki"><span id="Podr.C3.B3.C5.BC_do_Hiszpanii_i_Afryki"></span>Podróż do Hiszpanii i Afryki</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_Ibn_Battuta&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Edytuj sekcję: Podróż do Hiszpanii i Afryki" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_Ibn_Battuta&action=edit&section=7" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Podróż do Hiszpanii i Afryki"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Ibn_Battuta_1349-1354.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Ibn_Battuta_1349-1354.png/240px-Ibn_Battuta_1349-1354.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Ibn_Battuta_1349-1354.png/360px-Ibn_Battuta_1349-1354.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Ibn_Battuta_1349-1354.png/480px-Ibn_Battuta_1349-1354.png 2x" data-file-width="687" data-file-height="493" /></a><figcaption>Trasy podróży Ibn Batutty w latach 1349–1354</figcaption></figure> <p>W 1350 roku Ibn Battuta przeprawił się przez <a href="/wiki/Cie%C5%9Bnina_Gibraltarska" title="Cieśnina Gibraltarska">Cieśninę Gibraltarską</a> do <a href="/wiki/Emirat_Grenady" title="Emirat Grenady">Grenady</a><sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFDunn20123_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFDunn20123-8">[7]</a></sup>. W 1352 roku wyprawił się w podróż do zachodniego <a href="/wiki/Sudan_(region)" title="Sudan (region)">Sudanu</a><sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2020_2-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2020-2">[2]</a></sup><span class="problemy problemy-w-odn" aria-hidden="true" data-nosnippet="" data-problemy="ODN: brak numeru strony"> </span>. Ta ostatnia wyprawa – na polecenie sułtana – prowadziła przez <a href="/wiki/Sahara" title="Sahara">Saharę</a> do <a href="/wiki/Afryka_Zachodnia" title="Afryka Zachodnia">Afryki Zachodniej</a>, gdzie Ibn Battuta spędził rok w <a href="/wiki/Imperium_Mali" title="Imperium Mali">Imperium Mali</a><sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2020_2-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2020-2">[2]</a></sup><span class="problemy problemy-w-odn" aria-hidden="true" data-nosnippet="" data-problemy="ODN: brak numeru strony"> </span>. </p><p>Ibn Battuta powrócił do Maroka w 1355 roku, gdzie spędził resztę życia<sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFDunn20123_8-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFDunn20123-8">[7]</a></sup>. W 1356 roku sułtan <a href="/wiki/Abu_Inan_Faris" title="Abu Inan Faris">Abu Inan Faris</a> (1317–1358) zlecił <a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_Ibn_D%C5%BCuzaj&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muhammad Ibn Dżuzaj (strona nie istnieje)">Muhammad Ibn Dżuzajowi</a> (1321–1357) spisanie doświadczeń i obserwacji Ibn Battuty w formie księgi podróży zwanej <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rihla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rihla (strona nie istnieje)">rihlą</a><sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFDunn20123_8-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFDunn20123-8">[7]</a></sup>. Ibn Dżuzaj pracował razem z Ibn Battutą przez dwa lata – Ibn Battuta dyktował swoją relację<sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFEncyclopédie_berbère20003599–3600_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFEncyclopédie_berbère20003599–3600-5">[5]</a></sup>, a owocem ich współpracy była najdłuższa i najbardziej bogata w opisy rihla na terenie średniowiecznej Afryki Północnej<sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFDunn20124_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFDunn20124-9">[8]</a></sup> – <i>Tuhfat an-nuzzar fi gharaib al-amsar wa’adżaib al asfar</i><sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFNetton2013253_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFNetton2013253-10">[9]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFBielawski1971205_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFBielawski1971205-11">[10]</a></sup>. </p><p>Po zakończeniu pracy Ibn Battuta został sędzią na prowincji<sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFDunn20124_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFDunn20124-9">[8]</a></sup>. Zmarł w 1368/1369 roku lub w roku 1377<sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2020_2-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2020-2">[2]</a></sup><span class="problemy problemy-w-odn" aria-hidden="true" data-nosnippet="" data-problemy="ODN: brak numeru strony"> </span>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Znaczenie">Znaczenie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_Ibn_Battuta&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Edytuj sekcję: Znaczenie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_Ibn_Battuta&action=edit&section=8" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Znaczenie"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Według współczesnych obliczeń przemierzył, jadąc i idąc, blisko 120 tysięcy kilometrów, odwiedzając prawie wszystkie ówczesne kraje muzułmańskie i docierając do Chin i współczesnej <a href="/wiki/Indonezja" title="Indonezja">Indonezji</a><sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2020_2-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2020-2">[2]</a></sup><span class="problemy problemy-w-odn" aria-hidden="true" data-nosnippet="" data-problemy="ODN: brak numeru strony"> </span><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13">[b]</a></sup>. Uważany jest za największego arabskiego podróżnika okresu <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Aredniowiecze" title="Średniowiecze">średniowiecza</a><sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2020_2-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2020-2">[2]</a></sup><span class="problemy problemy-w-odn" aria-hidden="true" data-nosnippet="" data-problemy="ODN: brak numeru strony"> </span>. Jeszcze za swojego życia nazywany był <i>rahhalat al-asr</i> – najwybitniejszym podróżnikiem swojej epoki, <i>rahhalat al-islam</i> – najwybitniejszym podróżnikiem islamu a także <i>rahhalat al-Muslimin</i> – najwybitniejszym podróżnikiem świata muzułmańskiego<sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFReszczyński2010173_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFReszczyński2010173-14">[12]</a></sup>. </p><p>Jego rihla szczegółowo dokumentuje życie społeczne, kulturowe i polityczne terenów, które odwiedził<sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2020_2-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2020-2">[2]</a></sup><span class="problemy problemy-w-odn" aria-hidden="true" data-nosnippet="" data-problemy="ODN: brak numeru strony"> </span>. Dzieło daje pełny obraz społeczności muzułmańskiej XIV wieku widziany oczami przeciętnego przedstawiciela kultury arabskiej tego czasu. </p><p>Praca Batutty przez wieki znana była jedynie w strefie islamu i dopiero na początku XIX w. została udostępniona czytelnikowi europejskiemu poprzez tłumaczenie jej fragmentów na język niemiecki<sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFDunn20124_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFDunn20124-9">[8]</a></sup>. Pierwsze tłumaczenie na język angielski zostało wydane w 1828 roku<sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFDunn20124_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFDunn20124-9">[8]</a></sup>. W latach 1853–1858 francuscy badacze <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Defr%C3%A9mery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Defrémery (strona nie istnieje)">Charles Defrémery</a> (1822–1883) i B.R. Sanguinetti opublikowali tekst arabski z tłumaczeniem na <a href="/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_francuski" title="Język francuski">język francuski</a> i komentarzem, bazując na odnalezionych wcześniej w <a href="/wiki/Algieria" title="Algieria">Algierii</a> oryginalnych manuskryptach<sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFDunn20124_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFDunn20124-9">[8]</a></sup>. Odtąd dzieło Batutty było wielokrotnie tłumaczone i wydawane, m.in. w 1962 roku zostało przełożone na język polski pt. <i>Osobliwości miast i dziwy podróży 1325–1354</i><sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFBielawski1971205_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFBielawski1971205-11">[10]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFIbn_Battuta1962_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFIbn_Battuta1962-15">[13]</a></sup><span class="problemy problemy-w-odn" aria-hidden="true" data-nosnippet="" data-problemy="ODN: brak numeru strony"> </span>. </p><p>Ibn Battuta porównywany był do weneckiego podróżnika <a href="/wiki/Marco_Polo" title="Marco Polo">Marco Polo</a> (1254–1324), znany był jako „Marco Polo świata islamu” i „Marco Polo tropików”<sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFDunn20125_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFDunn20125-16">[14]</a></sup>. Podróżując przez prawie 30 lat, Ibn Battuta przemierzył dystans trzy razy dłuższy niż Marco Polo<sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFCampo2009330_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFCampo2009330-17">[15]</a></sup>. Praca o podróżach Marco Polo <i>Opisanie świata</i> zawiera bardziej dokładne opisy i informacje na temat średniowiecznych Chin i innych krajów azjatyckich, lecz dzieło o wyprawach Ibn Batutty zawiera relacje z wielu innych krajów i informacje na temat prawie wszystkich aspektów życia, od opisu ceremonii na dworach sułtańskich po opisy praktyk seksualnych kobiet na Malediwach<sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFDunn20125_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFDunn20125-16">[14]</a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Upamiętnienie"><span id="Upami.C4.99tnienie"></span>Upamiętnienie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_Ibn_Battuta&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Edytuj sekcję: Upamiętnienie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_Ibn_Battuta&action=edit&section=9" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Upamiętnienie"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jego imieniem nazwano <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Battuta_(krater_ksi%C4%99%C5%BCycowy)" title="Ibn Battuta (krater księżycowy)">krater na Księżycu</a><sup id="cite_ref-:0_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-18">[16]</a></sup> oraz jedną ze stacji pierwszej linii <a href="/wiki/Metro_w_Dubaju" title="Metro w Dubaju">metra w Dubaju</a><sup id="cite_ref-:1_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-19">[17]</a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publikacje">Publikacje</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_Ibn_Battuta&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Edytuj sekcję: Publikacje" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_Ibn_Battuta&action=edit&section=10" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Publikacje"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Osobliwości miast i dziwy podróży 1325–1354</i><sup id="cite_ref-ePWN_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ePWN-1">[1]</a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zobacz_też"><span id="Zobacz_te.C5.BC"></span>Zobacz też</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_Ibn_Battuta&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Edytuj sekcję: Zobacz też" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_Ibn_Battuta&action=edit&section=11" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Zobacz też"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unearthed:_Trail_of_Ibn_Battuta" title="Unearthed: Trail of Ibn Battuta">Unearthed: Trail of Ibn Battuta</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uwagi">Uwagi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_Ibn_Battuta&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Edytuj sekcję: Uwagi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_Ibn_Battuta&action=edit&section=12" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Uwagi"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="do-not-make-smaller refsection refsection-uwagi ll-script ll-script-uwagi"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Datę podaje sam Ibn Battuta<sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2020_2-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2020-2">[2]</a></sup><span class="problemy problemy-w-odn" aria-hidden="true" data-nosnippet="" data-problemy="ODN: brak numeru strony"> </span>, jednak inni badacze dopuszczają także 1335 rok<sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFDunn20122_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFDunn20122-6">[6]</a></sup>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Inne źródła podają, że pokonał 117 500 km i 44 współczesne kraje<sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFCzerwiński2019151_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFCzerwiński2019151-12">[11]</a></sup>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Przypisy">Przypisy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_Ibn_Battuta&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Edytuj sekcję: Przypisy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_Ibn_Battuta&action=edit&section=13" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Przypisy"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="do-not-make-smaller refsection"><div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ePWN-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ePWN_1-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ePWN_1-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ePWN_1-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ePWN_1-3">d</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web open-access"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encyklopedia.pwn.pl/haslo/;3913728"><i>Ibn Battuta</i></a>, [w:] <i><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_PWN_(internetowa)" title="Encyklopedia PWN (internetowa)">Encyklopedia PWN</a></i> [online], <a href="/wiki/Wydawnictwo_Naukowe_PWN" title="Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN">Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN</a><span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2020-06-25]</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=unknown&rft.atitle=Ibn+Battuta&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.jtitle=%5B%5BWydawnictwo+Naukowe+PWN%5D%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fencyklopedia.pwn.pl%2Fhaslo%2F%3B3913728" style="display:none"> </span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2020-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2020_2-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2020_2-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2020_2-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2020_2-3">d</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2020_2-4">e</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2020_2-5">f</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2020_2-6">g</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2020_2-7">h</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2020_2-8">i</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2020_2-9">j</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2020_2-10">k</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2020_2-11">l</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2020_2-12">m</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2020_2-13">n</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2020_2-14">o</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2020_2-15">p</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2020_2-16">q</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2020_2-17">r</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2020_2-18">s</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2020_2-19">t</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2020_2-20">u</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2020_2-21">v</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2020_2-22">w</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2020_2-23">x</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2020_2-24">y</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2020_2-25">z</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2020_2-26">aa</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2020_2-27">ab</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2020_2-28">ac</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2020_2-29">ad</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2020_2-30">ae</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2020_2-31">af</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"> <span class="harvard-citation"><a href="#CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2020">Encyclopædia Britannica 2020 ↓</a></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CITEREFDunn20121-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFDunn20121_3-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFDunn20121_3-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFDunn20121_3-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFDunn20121_3-3">d</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFDunn20121_3-4">e</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"> <span class="harvard-citation"><a href="#CITEREFDunn2012">Dunn 2012 ↓</a></span>, s. 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CITEREFCzerwiński2019150-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFCzerwiński2019150_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <span class="harvard-citation"><a href="#CITEREFCzerwiński2019">Czerwiński 2019 ↓</a></span>, s. 150.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CITEREFEncyclopédie_berbère20003599–3600-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFEncyclopédie_berbère20003599–3600_5-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFEncyclopédie_berbère20003599–3600_5-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFEncyclopédie_berbère20003599–3600_5-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFEncyclopédie_berbère20003599–3600_5-3">d</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFEncyclopédie_berbère20003599–3600_5-4">e</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"> <span class="harvard-citation"><a href="#CITEREFEncyclopédie_berbère2000">Encyclopédie berbère 2000 ↓</a></span>, s. 3599–3600.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CITEREFDunn20122-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFDunn20122_6-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFDunn20122_6-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFDunn20122_6-2">c</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"> <span class="harvard-citation"><a href="#CITEREFDunn2012">Dunn 2012 ↓</a></span>, s. 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CITEREFDunn20123-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFDunn20123_8-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFDunn20123_8-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFDunn20123_8-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFDunn20123_8-3">d</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFDunn20123_8-4">e</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFDunn20123_8-5">f</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFDunn20123_8-6">g</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFDunn20123_8-7">h</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"> <span class="harvard-citation"><a href="#CITEREFDunn2012">Dunn 2012 ↓</a></span>, s. 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CITEREFDunn20124-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFDunn20124_9-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFDunn20124_9-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFDunn20124_9-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFDunn20124_9-3">d</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFDunn20124_9-4">e</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"> <span class="harvard-citation"><a href="#CITEREFDunn2012">Dunn 2012 ↓</a></span>, s. 4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CITEREFNetton2013253-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFNetton2013253_10-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <span class="harvard-citation"><a href="#CITEREFNetton2013">Netton 2013 ↓</a></span>, s. 253.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CITEREFBielawski1971205-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFBielawski1971205_11-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFBielawski1971205_11-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"> <span class="harvard-citation"><a href="#CITEREFBielawski1971">Bielawski 1971 ↓</a></span>, s. 205.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CITEREFCzerwiński2019151-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFCzerwiński2019151_12-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <span class="harvard-citation"><a href="#CITEREFCzerwiński2019">Czerwiński 2019 ↓</a></span>, s. 151.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CITEREFReszczyński2010173-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFReszczyński2010173_14-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <span class="harvard-citation"><a href="#CITEREFReszczyński2010">Reszczyński 2010 ↓</a></span>, s. 173.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CITEREFIbn_Battuta1962-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFIbn_Battuta1962_15-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <span class="harvard-citation"><a href="#CITEREFIbn_Battuta1962">Ibn Battuta 1962 ↓</a></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CITEREFDunn20125-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFDunn20125_16-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFDunn20125_16-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"> <span class="harvard-citation"><a href="#CITEREFDunn2012">Dunn 2012 ↓</a></span>, s. 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CITEREFCampo2009330-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFCampo2009330_17-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <span class="harvard-citation"><a href="#CITEREFCampo2009">Campo 2009 ↓</a></span>, s. 330.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-:0_18-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/2633">Ibn Battuta</a>. [w:] <i>Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature</i> [on-line]. IAU, USGS, NASA, 2010-10-18. [dostęp 2020-06-25]. <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-:1_19-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Mydubaimetro.com: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200706034752/http://www.mydubaimetro.com/en/station/stop/ibn-battuta.html">Ibn Battuta</a>. [dostęp 2020-06-25]. [zarchiwizowane z <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mydubaimetro.com/en/station/stop/ibn-battuta.html">tego adresu</a> (2020-07-06)]. <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_Ibn_Battuta&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Edytuj sekcję: Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_Ibn_Battuta&action=edit&section=14" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Bibliografia"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation book" id="CITEREFIbn_Battuta1962">Ibn Battuta: <i>Osobliwości miast i dziwy podróży 1325–1354. Wybór. z arabskiego przeł. Tadeusz Majda i Halina Natorf, redakcja naukowa, wybór i przedmowa prof. dr <a href="/wiki/Ananiasz_Zaj%C4%85czkowski" title="Ananiasz Zajączkowski">Ananiasz Zajączkowski</a>, komentarze oprac. Tadeusz Majda</i>. Książka i Wiedza, 1962 (Wyd.2 Warszawa 2008). <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/9788305135344" title="Specjalna:Książki/9788305135344">ISBN <span class="isbn">978-83-05-13534-4</span></a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Osobliwo%C5%9Bci+miast+i+dziwy+podr%C3%B3%C5%BCy+1325%E2%80%931354.+Wyb%C3%B3r.+z+arabskiego+prze%C5%82.+Tadeusz+Majda+i+Halina+Natorf%2C+redakcja+naukowa%2C+wyb%C3%B3r+i+przedmowa+prof.+dr+%5B%5BAnaniasz+Zaj%C4%85czkowski%5D%5D%2C+komentarze+oprac.+Tadeusz+Majda&rft.au=Ibn+Battuta&rft.date=1962+%28Wyd.2+Warszawa+2008%29&rft.pub=Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCka+i+Wiedza&rft.isbn=978-83-05-13534-4"></span> <span class="lang-list tylko-pl">(<abbr title="Treść w języku polskim">pol.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation book" id="CITEREFEncyclopédie_berbère2000">E. B.: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://journals.openedition.org/encyclopedieberbere/1627">Ibn Battûta</a>. W: <i>Encyclopédie berbère [En ligne]</i>. T. 23. 2000.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A9die+berb%C3%A8re+%5BEn+ligne%5D&rft.atitle=Ibn+Batt%C3%BBta&rft.aulast=B.&rft.aufirst=E.&rft.date=2000"></span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku francuskim (français)">fr.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation book" id="CITEREFBielawski1971">Józef Bielawski: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.be/books?id=UZIpE5wQHZYC&q=Tuhfat+an-nuzzar+fi+gharaib+al-amsar+wa%E2%80%99ad%C5%BCaib+al+asfar+(Podarunek+dla+patrz%C4%85cych+na+osobliwo%C5%9Bci+miast+i+dziwy+podr%C3%B3%C5%BCy&dq=Tuhfat+an-nuzzar+fi+gharaib+al-amsar+wa%E2%80%99ad%C5%BCaib+al+asfar+(Podarunek+dla+patrz%C4%85cych+na+osobliwo%C5%9Bci+miast+i+dziwy+podr%C3%B3%C5%BCy&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiJiaLJ0ZrqAhUNzaQKHb0MA8MQ6AEwAHoECAAQAg">Mały Słownik Kultury Świata Arabskiego</a></i>. Wiedza Powszechna, 1971. [dostęp 2020-06-25].<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ma%C5%82y+S%C5%82ownik+Kultury+%C5%9Awiata+Arabskiego&rft.au=J%C3%B3zef+Bielawski&rft.date=1971&rft.pub=Wiedza+Powszechna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.be%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUZIpE5wQHZYC%26q%3DTuhfat%2Ban-nuzzar%2Bfi%2Bgharaib%2Bal-amsar%2Bwa%25E2%2580%2599ad%25C5%25BCaib%2Bal%2Basfar%2B%28Podarunek%2Bdla%2Bpatrz%25C4%2585cych%2Bna%2Bosobliwo%25C5%259Bci%2Bmiast%2Bi%2Bdziwy%2Bpodr%25C3%25B3%25C5%25BCy%26dq%3DTuhfat%2Ban-nuzzar%2Bfi%2Bgharaib%2Bal-amsar%2Bwa%25E2%2580%2599ad%25C5%25BCaib%2Bal%2Basfar%2B%28Podarunek%2Bdla%2Bpatrz%25C4%2585cych%2Bna%2Bosobliwo%25C5%259Bci%2Bmiast%2Bi%2Bdziwy%2Bpodr%25C3%25B3%25C5%25BCy%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D2ahUKEwiJiaLJ0ZrqAhUNzaQKHb0MA8MQ6AEwAHoECAAQAg"></span> <span class="lang-list tylko-pl">(<abbr title="Treść w języku polskim">pol.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation book" id="CITEREFCampo2009">Juan Eduardo Campo: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.be/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false">Encyclopedia of Islam</a></i>. Infobase Publishing, 2009. <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/9781438126968" title="Specjalna:Książki/9781438126968">ISBN <span class="isbn isbn-ulepszony">978-1-4381-2696-8</span></a>. [dostęp 2020-06-25].<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Islam&rft.au=Juan+Eduardo+Campo&rft.date=2009&rft.pub=Infobase+Publishing&rft.isbn=9781438126968&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.be%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOZbyz_Hr-eIC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse"></span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation journal" id="CITEREFCzerwiński2019">Grzegorz Czerwiński. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apcz.umk.pl/czasopisma/index.php/LC/article/view/LC.2019.011/17168"><em>Ibn Batutta. Średniowieczny mistrz reportażu i pierwszy arabski globtroter</em></a>. „Litteraria Copernicana”. 1 (29), s. 149–153, 2019. <span class="issn"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/1899-315X">1899-315X</a></span>. <span class="lang-list tylko-pl">(<abbr title="Treść w języku polskim">pol.</abbr>)</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ibn+Batutta.+%C5%9Aredniowieczny+mistrz+reporta%C5%BCu+i+pierwszy+arabski+globtroter&rft.jtitle=Litteraria+Copernicana&rft.date=2019&rft.volume=1+%2829%29&rft.au=Grzegorz+Czerwi%C5%84ski&rft.pages=149%E2%80%93153&rft.issn=1899-315X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapcz.umk.pl%2Fczasopisma%2Findex.php%2FLC%2Farticle%2Fview%2FLC.2019.011%2F17168"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book" id="CITEREFDunn2012">Ross E. Dunn: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.be/books?id=ROZs6lqW9RYC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false">The Adventures of Ibn Battuta: A Muslim Traveler of the Fourteenth Century</a></i>. University of California Press, 2012. <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/9780520272927" title="Specjalna:Książki/9780520272927">ISBN <span class="isbn isbn-ulepszony">978-0-520-27292-7</span></a>. [dostęp 2020-06-25].<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Adventures+of+Ibn+Battuta%3A+A+Muslim+Traveler+of+the+Fourteenth+Century&rft.au=Ross+E.+Dunn&rft.date=2012&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.isbn=9780520272927&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.be%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DROZs6lqW9RYC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse"></span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation open-access" id="CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2020"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ibn-Battuta"><i>Ibn Battuta</i></a>, [w:] <i><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_Britannica" title="Encyklopedia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i><span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2020-06-25]</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ibn+Battuta&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%27%27%5B%5BEncyklopedia+Britannica%7CEncyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica%5D%5D%27%27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FIbn-Battuta" style="display:none"> </span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation book" id="CITEREFNetton2013">Ian Richard Netton: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.be/books?id=bYtmAgAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false">Encyclopaedia of Islam</a></i>. Routledge, 2013. <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/9781135179601" title="Specjalna:Książki/9781135179601">ISBN <span class="isbn isbn-ulepszony">978-1-135-17960-1</span></a>. [dostęp 2020-06-25].<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Islam&rft.au=Ian+Richard+Netton&rft.date=2013&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.isbn=9781135179601&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.be%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbYtmAgAAQBAJ%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse"></span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation journal" id="CITEREFReszczyński2010">Jarosław Reszczyński. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.be/books?id=7NcfBZwW5swC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false"><em>Czarownica pławiona i spalona w mieście Delhi w 1340 roku, czyli o powszechnikach kulturowych i ich roli w prawie karnym</em></a>. „Krakowskie studia z historii państwa i prawa”. 3, s. 173–208, 2010. Wydawnictwo UJ. <span class="lang-list tylko-pl">(<abbr title="Treść w języku polskim">pol.</abbr>)</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Czarownica+p%C5%82awiona+i+spalona+w+mie%C5%9Bcie+Delhi+w+1340+roku%2C+czyli+o+powszechnikach+kulturowych+i+ich+roli+w+prawie+karnym&rft.jtitle=Krakowskie+studia+z+historii+pa%C5%84stwa+i+prawa&rft.date=2010&rft.volume=3&rft.au=Jaros%C5%82aw+Reszczy%C5%84ski&rft.pages=173%E2%80%93208&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.be%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7NcfBZwW5swC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74016753">.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div+div{margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div>div{background:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);padding:.2em .5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul 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title="Système Universitaire de Documentation">SUDOC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.idref.fr/027719154">027719154</a></span></li><li><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Servizio_bibliotecario_nazionale" class="extiw" title="it:Servizio bibliotecario nazionale">SBN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.sbn.it/af/CFIV091757">CFIV091757</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_Australii" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Australii">NLA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35217547">35217547</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_Republiki_Czeskiej" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Republiki Czeskiej">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aut.nkp.cz/jn20011210248">jn20011210248</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hiszpa%C5%84ska_Biblioteka_Narodowa" title="Hiszpańska Biblioteka Narodowa">BNE</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1076718">XX1076718</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Holenderska_Biblioteka_Narodowa" title="Holenderska Biblioteka Narodowa">NTA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/doc/thes/p070359555">070359555</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/BIBSYS" title="BIBSYS">BIBSYS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90533569">90533569</a></span></li><li><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/CiNii" class="extiw" title="jp:CiNii">CiNii</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00926468">DA00926468</a></span></li><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Library" class="extiw" title="en:Open Library">Open Library</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL10924A">OL10924A</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_(Warszawa)" title="Biblioteka Narodowa (Warszawa)">PLWABN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810630925605606">9810630925605606</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/NUKAT" title="NUKAT">NUKAT</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nukat.edu.pl/aut/n%202002065814">n2002065814</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_Izraela" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Izraela">J9U</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007262821705171">987007262821705171</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_Portugalii" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Portugalii">PTBNP</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://urn.bn.pt/nca/unimarc-authorities/txt?id=84343">84343</a></span></li><li><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat%C3%A0leg_d%27autoritats_de_noms_i_t%C3%ADtols_de_Catalunya" class="extiw" title="ca:Catàleg d'autoritats de noms i títols de Catalunya">CANTIC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cantic.bnc.cat/registres/CUCId/a1010236x">a1010236x</a></span></li><li><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nacionalna_i_sveu%C4%8Dili%C5%A1na_knji%C5%BEnica_u_Zagrebu" class="extiw" title="hr:Nacionalna i sveučilišna knjižnica u Zagrebu">NSK</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000464209&local_base=nsk10">000464209</a></span></li><li><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/CONOR" class="extiw" title="sl:CONOR">CONOR</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plus.cobiss.si/opac7/conor/192215395">192215395</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Grecka_Biblioteka_Narodowa" title="Grecka Biblioteka Narodowa">ΕΒΕ</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.nlg.gr/resource/authority/record114857">114857</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Brazylijska_Biblioteka_Narodowa" title="Brazylijska Biblioteka Narodowa">BLBNB</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://acervo.bn.br/sophia_web/autoridade/detalhe/001504324">001504324</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_Korei" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Korei">KRNLK</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librarian.nl.go.kr/LI/contents/L20101000000.do?id=KAC199634503">KAC199634503</a></span></li></ul></div><div class="normdaten-andere"><div><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_internetowa" title="Encyklopedia internetowa">Encyklopedie internetowe</a>:</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_PWN_(internetowa)" title="Encyklopedia PWN (internetowa)">PWN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encyklopedia.pwn.pl/haslo/;3913728.html">3913728</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_Britannica" title="Encyklopedia Britannica">Britannica</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ibn-Battutah">biography/Ibn-Battutah</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P3219" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P3219">Universalis</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/ibn-battuta/">ibn-battuta</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wielka_Encyklopedia_Rosyjska" title="Wielka Encyklopedia Rosyjska">БРЭ</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://old.bigenc.ru/text/1997573">1997573</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalencyklopedin" title="Nationalencyklopedin">NE.se</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/lång/muhammad-ibn-battuta">muhammad-ibn-battuta</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Store_norske_leksikon" title="Store norske leksikon">SNL</a>: <span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=4342&url_prefix=https://snl.no/&id=Ibn_Battuta">Ibn_Battuta</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visuotin%C4%97_lietuvi%C5%B3_enciklopedija" title="Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija">VLE</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/ibn-battuta/">ibn-battuta</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P1296" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P1296">Catalana</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enciclopedia.cat/ec-gec-0008366.xml">0008366</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hrvatska_enciklopedija" title="Hrvatska enciklopedija">Hrvatska enciklopedija</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enciklopedija.hr/Natuknica.aspx?ID=26853">26853</a></span></li></ul> </div></div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Źródło: „<a dir="ltr" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_Ibn_Battuta&oldid=73610664">https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_Ibn_Battuta&oldid=73610664</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Kategorie" title="Specjalna:Kategorie">Kategorie</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Arabscy_podr%C3%B3%C5%BCnicy_i_odkrywcy" title="Kategoria:Arabscy podróżnicy i 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