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Available in 14 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-14" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">14 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%AB%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A" title="آرثر بونسومبي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="آرثر بونسومبي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Ponsonby,_1._baron_Ponsonby" title="Arthur Ponsonby, 1. baron Ponsonby – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Arthur Ponsonby, 1. baron Ponsonby" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Ponsonby,_1._Baron_Ponsonby_of_Shulbrede" title="Arthur Ponsonby, 1. Baron Ponsonby of Shulbrede – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Arthur Ponsonby, 1. Baron Ponsonby of Shulbrede" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Ponsonby" title="Arthur Ponsonby – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Arthur Ponsonby" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Ponsonby" title="Arthur Ponsonby – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Arthur Ponsonby" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Ponsonby_(1er_baron_Ponsonby_de_Shulbrede)" title="Arthur Ponsonby (1er baron Ponsonby de Shulbrede) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Arthur Ponsonby (1er baron Ponsonby de Shulbrede)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Ponsonby" title="Arthur Ponsonby – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Arthur Ponsonby" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%AB%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%89" title="آرثر بونسومبى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="آرثر بونسومبى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9D%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BD%E3%83%B3%E3%83%93%E3%83%BC_(%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%96%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89%E3%81%AE%E5%88%9D%E4%BB%A3%E3%83%9D%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BD%E3%83%B3%E3%83%93%E3%83%BC%E7%94%B7%E7%88%B5)" title="アーサー・ポンソンビー (シュールブリードの初代ポンソンビー男爵) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アーサー・ポンソンビー (シュールブリードの初代ポンソンビー男爵)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Ponsonby" title="Arthur Ponsonby – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Arthur Ponsonby" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Ponsonby,_Primeiro_Bar%C3%A3o_Ponsonby_de_Shulbrede" title="Arthur Ponsonby, Primeiro Barão Ponsonby de Shulbrede – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Arthur Ponsonby, Primeiro Barão Ponsonby de Shulbrede" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B8,_%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80,_1-%D0%B9_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B8_%D0%A8%D1%91%D0%BB%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Понсонби, Артур, 1-й барон Понсонби Шёлбредский – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Понсонби, Артур, 1-й барон Понсонби Шёлбредский" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Ponsonby" title="Arthur Ponsonby – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Arthur Ponsonby" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Ponsonby,_1:e_baron_Ponsonby" title="Arthur Ponsonby, 1:e baron Ponsonby – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Arthur Ponsonby, 1:e baron Ponsonby" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q336479#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage 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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">British politician, writer, and social activist (1871–1946)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Arthur Ponsonby" redirects here. Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Ponsonby,_11th_Earl_of_Bessborough" title="Arthur Ponsonby, 11th Earl of Bessborough">Arthur Ponsonby, 11th Earl of Bessborough</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/The_Right_Honourable" title="The Right Honourable">The Right Honourable</a></div><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">The Lord Ponsonby of Shulbrede</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Lord_Ponsonby.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Lord_Ponsonby.jpg/220px-Lord_Ponsonby.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="289" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Lord_Ponsonby.jpg/330px-Lord_Ponsonby.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Lord_Ponsonby.jpg/440px-Lord_Ponsonby.jpg 2x" data-file-width="610" data-file-height="800" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Ponsonby in 1934</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Duchy_of_Lancaster" title="Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster">Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />13 March – 25 August 1931</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">Ramsay MacDonald</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Clement Attlee</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Philip_Kerr,_11th_Marquess_of_Lothian" title="Philip Kerr, 11th Marquess of Lothian">The Marquess of Lothian</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Secretary" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliamentary Secretary">Parliamentary Secretary</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Transport_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Transport (United Kingdom)">Ministry of Transport</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1929–1931</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Russell,_2nd_Earl_Russell" title="Frank Russell, 2nd Earl Russell">The Earl Russell</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Parkinson_(UK_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Parkinson (UK politician)">John Allen Parkinson</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of Parliament<br />for <a href="/wiki/Sheffield_Brightside_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Sheffield Brightside (UK Parliament constituency)">Sheffield Brightside</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />15 November 1922 – 1930</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tudor_Walters" title="Tudor Walters">Tudor Walters</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fred_Marshall_(British_politician)" title="Fred Marshall (British politician)">Fred Marshall</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of Parliament<br />for <a href="/wiki/Stirling_Burghs_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Stirling Burghs (UK Parliament constituency)">Stirling Burghs</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1908 – 25 November 1918</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Campbell-Bannerman" title="Henry Campbell-Bannerman">Henry Campbell-Bannerman</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Constituency abolished</i></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">16 February 1871</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">23 March 1946<span style="display:none">(1946-03-23)</span> (aged 75)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Dorothea_Parry_Ponsonby" class="mw-redirect" title="Dorothea Parry Ponsonby">Dorothea Parry</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="12 April 1898">1898</span>)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">2 (<a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Ponsonby" title="Elizabeth Ponsonby">Elizabeth</a> and <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Ponsonby,_2nd_Baron_Ponsonby_of_Shulbrede" title="Matthew Ponsonby, 2nd Baron Ponsonby of Shulbrede">Matthew</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parents</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Ponsonby" title="Henry Ponsonby">Henry Ponsonby</a> (father)</li><li>Mary Bulteel (mother)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Balliol_College,_Oxford" title="Balliol College, Oxford">Balliol College, Oxford</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Arthur Augustus William Harry Ponsonby, 1st Baron Ponsonby of Shulbrede</b> (16 February 1871 – 23 March 1946), was a British politician, writer, and social activist. He was the son of <a href="/wiki/Henry_Ponsonby" title="Henry Ponsonby">Sir Henry Ponsonby</a>, Private Secretary to <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a>, and Mary Elizabeth Bulteel, daughter of <a href="/wiki/John_Crocker_Bulteel" title="John Crocker Bulteel">John Crocker Bulteel</a>. He was also the great-grandson of <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Ponsonby,_3rd_Earl_of_Bessborough" title="Frederick Ponsonby, 3rd Earl of Bessborough">The 3rd Earl of Bessborough</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Bathurst,_3rd_Earl_Bathurst" title="Henry Bathurst, 3rd Earl Bathurst">The 3rd Earl of Bathurst</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charles_Grey,_2nd_Earl_Grey" title="Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey">The 2nd Earl Grey</a>. <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Edward_Grey_Ponsonby,_1st_Baron_Sysonby" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick Edward Grey Ponsonby, 1st Baron Sysonby">The 1st Baron Sysonby</a> was his elder brother. </p><p>Ponsonby is often quoted as the author of the dictum "When war is declared, truth is the first casualty", published in his book <i><a href="/wiki/Falsehood_in_War-Time" title="Falsehood in War-Time">Falsehood in War-time, Containing an Assortment of Lies Circulated Throughout the Nations During the Great War</a></i> (1928). However, he uses this phrase in quotation marks as an epigram at the start of the book and does not present it as his own words. Its likely origin is the almost identical line spoken in 1917 by the United States Senator <a href="/wiki/Hiram_Johnson" title="Hiram Johnson">Hiram Johnson</a>: "The first casualty when war comes is truth".<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education_and_early_career">Education and early career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Ponsonby,_1st_Baron_Ponsonby_of_Shulbrede&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Education and early career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ponsonby was a <a href="/wiki/Page_of_Honour" title="Page of Honour">Page of Honour</a> to <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a> from 1882 to 1887. From an <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Irish" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Irish">Anglo-Irish</a> family, he was educated at <a href="/wiki/Eton_College" title="Eton College">Eton College</a>. While at Eton, Ponsonby was whipped for organising a <a href="/wiki/Steeplechase_(athletics)" title="Steeplechase (athletics)">steeplechase</a> in his dormitory.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ponsonby studied at <a href="/wiki/Balliol_College,_Oxford" title="Balliol College, Oxford">Balliol College, Oxford</a>, before joining the Diplomatic Service and taking assignments in <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a> and <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Ponsonby,_1st_Baron_Ponsonby_of_Shulbrede&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the <a href="/wiki/1906_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1906 United Kingdom general election">1906 general election</a>, Ponsonby stood unsuccessfully as <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(UK)" title="Liberal Party (UK)">Liberal</a> candidate for <a href="/wiki/Taunton_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Taunton (UK Parliament constituency)">Taunton</a>. He was elected as <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(United_Kingdom)" title="Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)">Member of Parliament</a> for <a href="/wiki/Stirling_Burghs_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Stirling Burghs (UK Parliament constituency)">Stirling Burghs</a> at a <a href="/wiki/1908_Stirling_Burghs_by-election" title="1908 Stirling Burghs by-election">by-election of 1908</a>, succeeding former Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Henry_Campbell-Bannerman" title="Henry Campbell-Bannerman">Henry Campbell-Bannerman</a>, who had died a few weeks earlier. </p><p>In Parliament, Ponsonby opposed the British involvement in the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a> and, with <a href="/wiki/George_Cadbury" title="George Cadbury">George Cadbury</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">Ramsay MacDonald</a>, <a href="/wiki/E._D._Morel" title="E. D. Morel">E. D. Morel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Rowntree" title="Arnold Rowntree">Arnold Rowntree</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sir_Charles_Trevelyan,_3rd_Baronet" title="Sir Charles Trevelyan, 3rd Baronet">Charles Trevelyan</a>, he was a member of the <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Democratic_Control" title="Union of Democratic Control">Union of Democratic Control</a>, which became a prominent antiwar organisation in Britain. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Queen_Victoria_and_her_page,_Arthur_Ponsonby.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Queen_Victoria_and_her_page%2C_Arthur_Ponsonby.jpg/220px-Queen_Victoria_and_her_page%2C_Arthur_Ponsonby.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="363" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Queen_Victoria_and_her_page%2C_Arthur_Ponsonby.jpg/330px-Queen_Victoria_and_her_page%2C_Arthur_Ponsonby.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Queen_Victoria_and_her_page%2C_Arthur_Ponsonby.jpg/440px-Queen_Victoria_and_her_page%2C_Arthur_Ponsonby.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1213" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Queen Victoria and her page, Arthur Ponsonby</figcaption></figure> <p>Ponsonby was defeated at the <a href="/wiki/1918_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1918 United Kingdom general election">1918 general election</a> in which he stood as an "<a href="/wiki/Independent_(politics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent (politics)">Independent</a> Democrat" in the new <a href="/wiki/Dunfermline_Burghs_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Dunfermline Burghs (UK Parliament constituency)">Dunfermline Burghs</a> constituency.<sup id="cite_ref-Craig_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Craig-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He then joined the <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour Party</a> and returned to the House of Commons at the <a href="/wiki/1922_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1922 United Kingdom general election">1922 general election</a> as member for the <a href="/wiki/Sheffield_Brightside_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Sheffield Brightside (UK Parliament constituency)">Brightside division</a> of <a href="/wiki/Sheffield" title="Sheffield">Sheffield</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Craig_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Craig-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1924, <a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">Ramsay MacDonald</a> appointed Ponsonby as <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Under-Secretary_of_State_for_Foreign_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs">Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs</a>, and he later served as <a href="/wiki/Under-Secretary_of_State_for_Dominion_Affairs" title="Under-Secretary of State for Dominion Affairs">Under-Secretary of State for Dominion Affairs</a> and then as <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Secretary_to_the_Ministry_of_Transport" title="Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Transport">Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Transport</a> in 1929. Ponsonby was a leader in the antiwar wing of the Labour Party, a champion of "humanitarian pacifism" which held that the First World War was a sort of conspiracy against the ordinary people of the world by capitalist elites who sough to enrich themselves via war.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorneKramer2001368_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHorneKramer2001368-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his 1925 pamphlet <i>Now is the Time</i>, he deplored "the millions who have fallen in the war" and denounced the "great conspiracy" by the governments of Europe to plunge the world into war.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorneKramer2001368_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHorneKramer2001368-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ponsonby declared that the defining issue of the day was to establish "democratic" control over diplomacy to end the "great conspiracy" to promote "war mentality" as the prelude to another world war.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorneKramer2001368_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHorneKramer2001368-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like many other British socialists, Ponsonby had a strong dislike of the Foreign Office, which was dominated by the scions of the British aristocracy, as a secretive and elitist group who he believed served only the interests of "the Establishment" instead of ordinary British people.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETowle200948-49_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETowle200948-49-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1928, he published the book <i>Falsehood in Wartime</i>, an elaboration of the thesis that he presented in <i>Now is the Time</i> that the First World War was far from being the crusade against evil that it was presented as in the United Kingdom at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorneKramer2001368_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHorneKramer2001368-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ponosonby argued that the war was instead merely a cynical exercise by the British government to lie to its own people to start and sustain a war intended only to enrich the arms industry.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorneKramer2001368_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHorneKramer2001368-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ponsonby examined the causes of the war and the war aims of the belligerent powers, but his main focus was in rebutting allegations of German atrocities during the war to prove his thesis of the "great conspiracy".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorneKramer2001368-369_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHorneKramer2001368-369-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was especially concerned to rebut the "<a href="/wiki/Rape_of_Belgium" title="Rape of Belgium">rape of Belgium</a>" story as he claimed that the reports in British newspapers during the war about widespread German atrocities during the invasion of Belgium in 1914 were all lies and the German Army had behaved in a honorable and noble fashion towards the Belgian people.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorneKramer2001369_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHorneKramer2001369-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His book had chapters dedicated to rebutting the stories about the "mutilated nurse", the "Belgian baby without hands", the story of the Canadian soldier crucified during the Second Battle of Ypres in April 1915, and the "corpse factory" story of 1917 that claimed the Germans were turning the bodies of slain Allied soldiers into soap.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorneKramer2001369_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHorneKramer2001369-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The book concluded that "the international war is a monster born of hypocrisy fed on falsehood, fattened by humbug, kept alive by superstition, directed to the death and torture of millions".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorneKramer2001369_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHorneKramer2001369-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Irish historians Alan Kramer and John Horne wrote that the specific examples that Ponsonby cited were true, but that his book ventured into historical negationism with its sweeping claims that all of the stories about German atrocities against French and Belgian civilians were lies.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorneKramer2001369_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHorneKramer2001369-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ponsonby was indeed correct in <i>Falsehood in Wartime</i> that the British newspapers during the war had run many false stories about German atrocities with for example the stories that the Germans routinely cut off the hands of Belgian children having no basis in reality.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorneKramer2001369_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHorneKramer2001369-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Ponsonby was cavalier and callous in dismissing all of the stories about the massacres of Belgian and French civilians by German forces out of hand as lies.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorneKramer2001369_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHorneKramer2001369-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ponsonby's methodology in <i>Falsehood in Wartime</i> was that if it he could be prove that some of the stories published in the British newspapers about German atrocities in the "Rape of Belgium" were false, then all of the stories about German atrocities must be false.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorneKramer2001368-369_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHorneKramer2001368-369-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the war, German newspapers had frequently run stories that accused Belgian and French <i>francs-tireurs</i> of atrocities against German soldiers such as cutting off their hands. Ponsonby did not mention in <i>Falsehood in Wartime</i> that most of the stories in the German newspapers about atrocities by the <i>franc-tireurs</i> were false, thereby leaving the impression it was only the British government and newspapers that had engaged in dishonesty in reporting the news.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorneKramer2001369_7-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHorneKramer2001369-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ponsonby like many other people in the United Kingdom during the interwar period believed that the Treaty of Versailles was too harsh towards Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorneKramer2001370_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHorneKramer2001370-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The theme in <i>Falsehood in Wartime</i> that all of the reports of German atrocities were fabrications suggested that Germany was not the aggressor nor had Germanhy committed war crimes, which in turn was intended to suggest the Treaty of Versailles was morally wrong.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorneKramer2001370_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHorneKramer2001370-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like many other people at the time, Ponsonby represented the Treaty of Versailles as the result of a quasi-judicial process that resulted in a sort of collective criminal conviction for Germany, and the purpose of <i>Falsehood in Wartime</i> was to prove that Germany had been wrongly "convicted".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorneKramer2001370_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHorneKramer2001370-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Falsehood in Wartime</i> was a best-seller when it was published in 1928 because it fitted into the <i>zeitgeist</i> of the 1920s.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorneKramer2001370-371_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHorneKramer2001370-371-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the First World War, to justify the sacrifices and suffering imposed by the war, politicians had painted a picture of the post-war world in very utopian terms as the only promise of a better tomorrow provided the necessary hope to sustain the war.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorneKramer2001370-371_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHorneKramer2001370-371-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the promised post-war utopia failed to occur after the victory of 1918, there was a strong mood of disenchantment and hurt with the general feeling in the United Kingdom being the expected rewards for wartime suffering had failed to occur and that the promise of a "land fit for heroes" after the war was a cruel joke. In such a climate, a book such as <i>Falsehood in Wartime</i> that portrayed the entire war as the product of a cynical public relations campaign based on duplicity and dishonesty struck a chord.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorneKramer2001370-371_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHorneKramer2001370-371-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The British historian <a href="/wiki/David_Reynolds_(historian)" title="David Reynolds (historian)">David Reynolds</a> wrote that Ponsonby in <i>Falsehood in Wartime</i> professed to condemn both sides equally, but in fact almost all of his book was devoted to debunking allegations of German atrocities in the Allied and especially British newspapers while only a few pages were given over to debunking allegations of Allied atrocities in the German newspapers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReynolds2014195-196_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReynolds2014195-196-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reynolds described <i>Falsehood in Wartime</i> as a "polemical" book which despite its claims of neutrality in fact mostly condemned the Allies while portraying Germany as a wronged nation, the victim of lies told by the British newspapers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReynolds2014195_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReynolds2014195-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reynolds wrote that Ponsonby in <i>Falsehood in Wartime</i> was engaged in the same sort of propaganda that he had denounced in others as he sought to deny that Germany had committed war crimes during the invasion of Belgium and France.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReynolds2014195-196_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReynolds2014195-196-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reynolds wrote that many of the stories in the British newspapers at the time such as the claim that the Germans cut off the hands of Belgian children were not true, but that the claim the Germans had massacred thousands of innocent civilians in Belgium and France was not, and Ponsonby was completely wrong when he sought to deny that the "<a href="/wiki/Rape_of_Belgium" title="Rape of Belgium">rape of Belgium</a>" had occurred.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReynolds2014195-196_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReynolds2014195-196-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Photo_7_Council_1938,_WRI.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Photo_7_Council_1938%2C_WRI.jpg/220px-Photo_7_Council_1938%2C_WRI.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Photo_7_Council_1938%2C_WRI.jpg/330px-Photo_7_Council_1938%2C_WRI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Photo_7_Council_1938%2C_WRI.jpg/440px-Photo_7_Council_1938%2C_WRI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1654" data-file-height="1246" /></a><figcaption>The International Council of the <a href="/wiki/War_Resisters%27_International" title="War Resisters' International">War Resisters' International</a> (WRI), meeting in Broederschapshuis (<a href="/wiki/Kees_Boeke" title="Kees Boeke">The Brotherhood House</a>), <a href="/wiki/Bilthoven" title="Bilthoven">Bilthoven</a>, Netherlands in July 1938, during the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a>. Ponsonby is pictured standing far right in the photograph. Click on the image for further details of people in the photograph.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1930, Ponsonby was raised to the <a href="/wiki/Peerage" title="Peerage">peerage</a> as a hereditary <a href="/wiki/Baron" title="Baron">baron</a>, taking the title Lord Ponsonby of Shulbrede from his home at <a href="/wiki/Shulbrede_Priory" title="Shulbrede Priory">Shulbrede Priory</a> in Sussex. He served as leader of the Labour Party in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a> from 1931 until 1935, resigning because he was opposed to the party's support for sanctions against <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> for its <a href="/wiki/Second_Italo-Ethiopian_War" title="Second Italo-Ethiopian War">invasion of Abyssinia</a>. </p><p>In 1937–1938, Ponsonby ran a significant Peace Letter campaign against British preparations for a new war, and from 1936 he was an active member of the <a href="/wiki/Peace_Pledge_Union" title="Peace Pledge Union">Peace Pledge Union</a>, contributing regularly to <i><a href="/wiki/Peace_News" title="Peace News">Peace News</a></i>. </p><p>Ponsonby opposed the initiative of <a href="/wiki/Lord_Charnwood" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Charnwood">Lord Charnwood</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cosmo_Gordon_Lang" title="Cosmo Gordon Lang">Cosmo Gordon Lang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Canterbury" title="Archbishop of Canterbury">Archbishop of Canterbury</a>, to ask his Majesty's Government to react against the genocidal <a href="/wiki/Holodomor" title="Holodomor">Holodomor</a> policies of the Soviet Government.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 1935 to 1937, he was Chair of the <a href="/wiki/War_Resisters%27_International" title="War Resisters' International">International Council of the War Resisters' International.</a> Ponsonby as the leader of the antiwar wing of the Labour Party was opposed to all wars in principle as evil, which led him to oppose British rearmament in the 1930s.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETowle200950_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETowle200950-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/Danzig_crisis" title="Danzig crisis">Danzig crisis</a>, he spoke out against the British "guarantee" of Poland as likely to cause another world war.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETowle200933_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETowle200933-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Resignation">Resignation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Ponsonby,_1st_Baron_Ponsonby_of_Shulbrede&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Resignation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In May 1940, Ponsonby resigned from the Labour Party, opposing its decision to join the new coalition government of <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a>. </p><p>He wrote a biography of his father which won the <a href="/wiki/James_Tait_Black_Memorial_Prize" title="James Tait Black Memorial Prize">James Tait Black Memorial Prize</a> in 1942: <i>Henry Ponsonby, Queen Victoria's Private Secretary: His Life and Letters</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Ponsonby,_1st_Baron_Ponsonby_of_Shulbrede&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ponsonby died on 23 March 1946 and was succeeded by his son <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Ponsonby,_2nd_Baron_Ponsonby_of_Shulbrede" title="Matthew Ponsonby, 2nd Baron Ponsonby of Shulbrede">Matthew Henry Hubert Ponsonby</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life_and_family">Personal life and family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Ponsonby,_1st_Baron_Ponsonby_of_Shulbrede&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Personal life and family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 12 April 1898, he married <a href="/wiki/Dorothea_Parry_Ponsonby" class="mw-redirect" title="Dorothea Parry Ponsonby">Dorothea Parry</a>, daughter of <a href="/wiki/Hubert_Parry" title="Hubert Parry">Hubert Parry</a> and Elizabeth Maude Herbert (1851–1933), a daughter of <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Herbert,_1st_Baron_Herbert_of_Lea" title="Sidney Herbert, 1st Baron Herbert of Lea">Sidney Herbert, 1st Baron Herbert of Lea</a>. They had a daughter, <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Ponsonby" title="Elizabeth Ponsonby">Elizabeth</a> (1900–1940), who during the 1920s became well known as a leading figure of the <a href="/wiki/Bright_young_things" title="Bright young things">Bright Young People</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a son, <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Ponsonby,_2nd_Baron_Ponsonby_of_Shulbrede" title="Matthew Ponsonby, 2nd Baron Ponsonby of Shulbrede">Matthew</a> (1904–1976), who became the 2nd Baron. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Arms">Arms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Ponsonby,_1st_Baron_Ponsonby_of_Shulbrede&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Arms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="max-width: 100%"> <caption class="nowrap">Coat of arms of Arthur Ponsonby, 1st Baron Ponsonby of Shulbrede </caption> <tbody><tr> <td style="width: 220px;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coronet_of_a_British_Baron.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Coronet_of_a_British_Baron.svg/150px-Coronet_of_a_British_Baron.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Coronet_of_a_British_Baron.svg/225px-Coronet_of_a_British_Baron.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Coronet_of_a_British_Baron.svg/300px-Coronet_of_a_British_Baron.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="179" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ponsonby_of_Shulbrede_Escutcheon.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Ponsonby_of_Shulbrede_Escutcheon.png/180px-Ponsonby_of_Shulbrede_Escutcheon.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Ponsonby_of_Shulbrede_Escutcheon.png/270px-Ponsonby_of_Shulbrede_Escutcheon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f3/Ponsonby_of_Shulbrede_Escutcheon.png 2x" data-file-width="309" data-file-height="338" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td style="min-width:175px;"> <dl><dt>Crest</dt> <dd>Out of a ducal coronet Azure three arrows, point downwards, one in pale and two in saltire, entwined at the intersection by a snake proper.</dd> <dt>Escutcheon</dt> <dd>Gules a chevron between three combs Argent</dd> <dt>Motto</dt> <dd>Pro Rege Lege Grege (For The King, The Law, And The People)<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Ponsonby,_1st_Baron_Ponsonby_of_Shulbrede&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/download/rebelsreformersb00pons/rebelsreformersb00pons.pdf"><i>Rebels and Reformers: Biographies for Young People</i></a>, with <a href="/wiki/Dorothea_Ponsonby" title="Dorothea Ponsonby">Dorothea Ponsonby</a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/H._Holt_and_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="H. Holt and Company">H. Holt and Company</a> (1919). <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1051763068">1051763068</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/download/priorymanoroflyn00ponsuoft/priorymanoroflyn00ponsuoft.pdf"><i>The Priory and Manor of Lynchmere and Shulbrede</i>.</a> Taunton: Barnicott and Pearce, and Wessex Press (1920). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1050747120">1050747120</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/download/conflictofopinio00pons/conflictofopinio00pons.pdf"><i>A Conflict of Opinion, a Discussion on the Failure of the Church</i>.</a> London: Swarthmore Press (1919). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1042381801">1042381801</a>.</li> <li><i>The Camel and the Needle's Eye</i> (1910).</li> <li><i>The Decline of the Aristocracy</i> (1912).</li> <li>"Democracy and Diplomacy" (1915)</li> <li>"Wars And Treaties" (1918)</li> <li>"A Conflict of Opinion: A Discussion on the Failure of the Church" (1922)</li> <li>"Now Is The Time: An Appeal For Peace" (1925)</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/moreenglishdiari0000pons">More English diaries; further reviews of diaries from the sixteenth to the nineteenth century with an introduction on diary reading"</a>, (1927)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Falsehood_in_War-Time" title="Falsehood in War-Time">Falsehood in War-Time</a></i> (1928).</li> <li>"Samuel Pepys" (1929)<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>"Casual Observations" (1930)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/johnevelynfellow0000pons">"John Evelyn, fellow of the Royal society: author of "Sylva"</a> (1933)</li> <li>"Life Here And Now: conclusions derived From an examination of the sense of duration" (1936)</li> <li>The Little Torch: Quotations From Diaries Of The Past For Every Day Of The Year" (1938)</li> <li><i>Henry Ponsonby: Queen Victoria's Private Secretary:His Life from his Letters</i> (1942).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Ponsonby,_1st_Baron_Ponsonby_of_Shulbrede&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ponsonby_Rule" title="Ponsonby Rule">Ponsonby Rule</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Ponsonby,_1st_Baron_Ponsonby_of_Shulbrede&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hiram Johnson in U. S. Senate, 1918, quoted in <i>The Quote Verifier: Who Said What, Where, and When,</i> by <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Keyes_(author)" title="Ralph Keyes (author)">Ralph Keyes</a>, Macmillan, p. 228, 2006, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-312-34004-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-312-34004-4">0-312-34004-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1932/jul/07/lords-amendment-1">"LORDS AMENDMENT (HL Deb vol 85 cc697-707)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Hansard" title="Hansard">Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)</a></i>. 7 July 1932.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Parliamentary+Debates+%28Hansard%29&rft.atitle=LORDS+AMENDMENT+%28HL+Deb+vol+85+cc697-707%29&rft.date=1932-07-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.parliament.uk%2Fhistoric-hansard%2Flords%2F1932%2Fjul%2F07%2Flords-amendment-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArthur+Ponsonby%2C+1st+Baron+Ponsonby+of+Shulbrede" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Craig-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Craig_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Craig_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCraig1983" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/F._W._S._Craig" title="F. W. S. Craig">Craig, F. W. S.</a> (1983) [1969]. <i>British parliamentary election results 1918–1949</i> (3rd ed.). Chichester: Parliamentary Research Services. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-900178-06-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-900178-06-X"><bdi>0-900178-06-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=British+parliamentary+election+results+1918%E2%80%931949&rft.place=Chichester&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Parliamentary+Research+Services&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=0-900178-06-X&rft.aulast=Craig&rft.aufirst=F.+W.+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArthur+Ponsonby%2C+1st+Baron+Ponsonby+of+Shulbrede" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHorneKramer2001368-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorneKramer2001368_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorneKramer2001368_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorneKramer2001368_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorneKramer2001368_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorneKramer2001368_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHorneKramer2001">Horne & Kramer 2001</a>, p. 368.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETowle200948-49-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETowle200948-49_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTowle2009">Towle 2009</a>, p. 48-49.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHorneKramer2001368-369-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorneKramer2001368-369_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorneKramer2001368-369_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHorneKramer2001">Horne & Kramer 2001</a>, p. 368-369.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHorneKramer2001369-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorneKramer2001369_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorneKramer2001369_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorneKramer2001369_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorneKramer2001369_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorneKramer2001369_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorneKramer2001369_7-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorneKramer2001369_7-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHorneKramer2001">Horne & Kramer 2001</a>, p. 369.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHorneKramer2001370-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorneKramer2001370_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorneKramer2001370_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorneKramer2001370_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHorneKramer2001">Horne & Kramer 2001</a>, p. 370.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHorneKramer2001370-371-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorneKramer2001370-371_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorneKramer2001370-371_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorneKramer2001370-371_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHorneKramer2001">Horne & Kramer 2001</a>, p. 370-371.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEReynolds2014195-196-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReynolds2014195-196_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReynolds2014195-196_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReynolds2014195-196_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFReynolds2014">Reynolds 2014</a>, p. 195-196.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEReynolds2014195-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReynolds2014195_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFReynolds2014">Reynolds 2014</a>, p. 195.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>In the Parliament</i>, in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></i> dated 26 July 1934</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1934/jul/25/russia#S5LV0093P0_19340725_HOL_68">"Russia, vol 93 cc1097-117"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Hansard" title="Hansard">Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Hansard" title="Hansard">Hansard</a> 1803–2005 Lords Sitting. 25 July 1934<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 January</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Parliamentary+Debates+%28Hansard%29&rft.atitle=Russia%2C+vol+93+cc1097-117&rft.date=1934-07-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.parliament.uk%2Fhistoric-hansard%2Flords%2F1934%2Fjul%2F25%2Frussia%23S5LV0093P0_19340725_HOL_68&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArthur+Ponsonby%2C+1st+Baron+Ponsonby+of+Shulbrede" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETowle200950-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETowle200950_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTowle2009">Towle 2009</a>, p. 50.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETowle200933-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETowle200933_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTowle2009">Towle 2009</a>, p. 33.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">D. J. Taylor, <i>Bright Young People: The Lost Generation of London's Jazz Age</i> (2007).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Debrett's Peerage & Baronetage</i>. 2000.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Debrett%27s+Peerage+%26+Baronetage&rft.date=2000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArthur+Ponsonby%2C+1st+Baron+Ponsonby+of+Shulbrede" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFForman1929" class="citation news cs1">Forman, Henry James (20 January 1929). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1929/01/20/archives/that-immortal-plodder-mr-samuel-pepys-arthur-ponsonby-writes-an.html">"That Immortal Plodder, Mr. Samuel Pepys; Arthur Ponsonby Writes an Excellent Short Biography of the Great Diarist"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=That+Immortal+Plodder%2C+Mr.+Samuel+Pepys%3B+Arthur+Ponsonby+Writes+an+Excellent+Short+Biography+of+the+Great+Diarist&rft.date=1929-01-20&rft.aulast=Forman&rft.aufirst=Henry+James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1929%2F01%2F20%2Farchives%2Fthat-immortal-plodder-mr-samuel-pepys-arthur-ponsonby-writes-an.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArthur+Ponsonby%2C+1st+Baron+Ponsonby+of+Shulbrede" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Ponsonby,_1st_Baron_Ponsonby_of_Shulbrede&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Jones, Raymond A. (1989). <i>Arthur Ponsonby: The Politics of Life</i>. Helm.</li> <li>Kidd, Charles, and David Williamson, eds (1990). <i>Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage</i>. New York: <a href="/wiki/St._Martin%27s_Press" title="St. Martin's Press">St. Martin's Press</a>. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (February 2013)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHorneKramer2001" class="citation book cs1">Horne, John; Kramer, Alan (2001). <i>German Atrocities, 1914 A History of Denial</i>. New Haven: Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-300-08975-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-300-08975-9"><bdi>0-300-08975-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=German+Atrocities%2C+1914+A+History+of+Denial&rft.place=New+Haven&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-300-08975-9&rft.aulast=Horne&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Kramer%2C+Alan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArthur+Ponsonby%2C+1st+Baron+Ponsonby+of+Shulbrede" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReynolds2014" class="citation book cs1">Reynolds, David (2014). <i>The Long Shadow: The Legacies of the Great War in the Twentieth Century</i>. New York: W.W. Norton. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780393244298" title="Special:BookSources/9780393244298"><bdi>9780393244298</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Long+Shadow%3A+The+Legacies+of+the+Great+War+in+the+Twentieth+Century&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=W.W.+Norton&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9780393244298&rft.aulast=Reynolds&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArthur+Ponsonby%2C+1st+Baron+Ponsonby+of+Shulbrede" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTowle2009" class="citation book cs1">Towle, Philip (2009). <i>Going to War British Debates from Wilberforce to Blair</i>. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780230234314" title="Special:BookSources/9780230234314"><bdi>9780230234314</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Going+to+War+British+Debates+from+Wilberforce+to+Blair&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan+UK&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9780230234314&rft.aulast=Towle&rft.aufirst=Philip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArthur+Ponsonby%2C+1st+Baron+Ponsonby+of+Shulbrede" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191024165310/http://leighrayment.com/">Leigh Rayment's Peerage Pages </a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Self-published_sources" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="This reference citation appears to be to a self-published source. (February 2012)">self-published source</span></a></i>]</sup> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (February 2012)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150215181722/http://www.leighrayment.com/commons.htm">Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs </a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Ponsonby,_1st_Baron_Ponsonby_of_Shulbrede&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output 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Shulbrede</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Arthur_Ponsonby,_1st_Baron_Ponsonby_of_Shulbrede" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Arthur Ponsonby, 1st Baron Ponsonby of Shulbrede">Arthur Ponsonby, 1st Baron Ponsonby of Shulbrede</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28Arthur+Ponsonby%2C+1st+Baron+Ponsonby+of+Shulbrede%29%20OR%20%28%221871-1946%22%20AND%20Shulbrede%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about Arthur Ponsonby, 1st Baron Ponsonby of Shulbrede</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030801020014/http://www.fco.gov.uk/Files/kfile/ponsonbyrule%2C0.pdf">Catalogue of the papers of Arthur Ponsonby at the Bodleian Library, Oxford</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vlib.us/wwi/resources/archives/texts/t050824i/ponsonby.html">Falsehood in War-Time: Propaganda Lies of the First World War by Arthur Ponsonby MP</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.npg.org.uk/live/search/person.asp?LinkID=mp03605">Two pictures</a> of Ponsonby at The National Portrait Gallery (UK)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spartacus-educational.com/TUponsonby.htm">Brief bio</a> at Spartacus Schoolnet</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030801020014/http://www.fco.gov.uk/Files/kfile/ponsonbyrule,0.pdf">The Ponsonby Rule</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (archived 1 August 2003) Google HTML of a PDF document.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www3.sympatico.ca/sr.gowans/ponsonby.html">Arthur Ponsonby's Dream</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060508065854/http://www3.sympatico.ca/sr.gowans/ponsonby.html">Archived</a> 8 May 2006 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hansard" title="Hansard">Hansard</a></i> 1803–2005: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/people/mr-arthur-ponsonby">contributions in Parliament by Arthur Ponsonby</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FF9966;">Court offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Victor_Arthur_Welleslsey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Albert Victor Arthur Welleslsey (page does not exist)">Albert Wellesley</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Page_of_Honour" title="Page of Honour">Page of Honour</a> </b><br />1882–1887 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victor_Wellesley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Victor Wellesley (page does not exist)">Victor Wellesley</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">Parliament of the United Kingdom</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Campbell-Bannerman" title="Henry Campbell-Bannerman">Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(United_Kingdom)" title="Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)">Member of Parliament</a> for <a href="/wiki/Stirling_Burghs_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Stirling Burghs (UK Parliament constituency)">Stirling Burghs</a> </b><br /><a href="/wiki/1908_Stirling_Burghs_by-election" title="1908 Stirling Burghs by-election">1908</a>–<a href="/wiki/1918_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1918 United Kingdom general election">1918</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;"><b><i>Constituency abolished</i> </b> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Tudor_Walters" title="Tudor Walters">Sir Tudor Walters</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(United_Kingdom)" title="Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)">Member of Parliament</a> for <a href="/wiki/Sheffield_Brightside_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Sheffield Brightside (UK Parliament constituency)">Sheffield Brightside</a> </b><br /><a href="/wiki/1922_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1922 United Kingdom general election">1922</a>–<a href="/wiki/1930_Sheffield_Brightside_by-election" title="1930 Sheffield Brightside by-election">1930</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Fred_Marshall_(UK_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fred Marshall (UK politician)">Fred Marshall</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ronald_McNeill,_1st_Baron_Cushendun" title="Ronald McNeill, 1st Baron Cushendun">Ronald McNeill</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Under-Secretary_of_State_for_Foreign_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs">Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs</a> </b><br />1924 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ronald_McNeill,_1st_Baron_Cushendun" title="Ronald McNeill, 1st Baron Cushendun">Ronald McNeill</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ivor_Windsor-Clive,_2nd_Earl_of_Plymouth" title="Ivor Windsor-Clive, 2nd Earl of Plymouth">The Earl of Plymouth</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Under-Secretary_of_State_for_Dominion_Affairs" title="Under-Secretary of State for Dominion Affairs">Under-Secretary of State for Dominion Affairs</a> </b><br />1929 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_Lunn_(politician)" title="William Lunn (politician)">William Lunn</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Russell,_2nd_Earl_Russell" title="Frank Russell, 2nd Earl Russell">The Earl Russell</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Secretary_to_the_Ministry_of_Transport" title="Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Transport">Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Transport</a> </b><br />1929–1931 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Parkinson_(UK_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Parkinson (UK politician)">John Allen Parkinson</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Clement Attlee</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Duchy_of_Lancaster" title="Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster">Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster</a> </b><br />1931 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Philip_Kerr,_11th_Marquess_of_Lothian" title="Philip Kerr, 11th Marquess of Lothian">The Marquess of Lothian</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Cripps,_1st_Baron_Parmoor" title="Charles Cripps, 1st Baron Parmoor">The Lord Parmoor</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Labour_Party_in_the_House_of_Lords" title="Leader of the Labour Party in the House of Lords">Leader of the Labour Party in the House of Lords</a> </b><br />1931–1935 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Harry_Snell,_1st_Baron_Snell" title="Harry Snell, 1st Baron Snell">The Lord Snell</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid lightgreen">Non-profit organization positions </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Fenner_Brockway" title="Fenner Brockway">Fenner Brockway</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Chair of <a href="/wiki/War_Resisters%27_International" title="War Resisters' International">War Resisters' International</a> </b><br />1934–1937 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/George_Lansbury" title="George Lansbury">George Lansbury</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ACE777;"><a href="/wiki/Peerage_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Peerage of the United Kingdom">Peerage of the United Kingdom</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>New creation</b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Baron_Ponsonby_of_Shulbrede" title="Baron Ponsonby of Shulbrede">Baron Ponsonby of Shulbrede</a> </b><br />1930–1946 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Ponsonby,_2nd_Baron_Ponsonby_of_Shulbrede" title="Matthew Ponsonby, 2nd Baron Ponsonby of Shulbrede">Matthew Henry Hubert Ponsonby</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Labour_Party" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#E4003B;color:white;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Template:Labour Party (UK)"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Template talk:Labour Party (UK)"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Labour Party (UK)"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Labour_Party" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Labour Party</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#E4003B;color:white;"><div id="History" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">History</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;;line-height:1.1em;">Main</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Labour_Party_(UK)" title="History of the Labour Party (UK)">History of the Labour Party</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;;line-height:1.1em;">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_the_Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Electoral history of the Labour Party (UK)">Electoral history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Labour_Party_(UK)_general_election_manifestos" title="List of Labour Party (UK) general election manifestos">General election manifestos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_socialist_movement_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="History of the socialist movement in the United Kingdom">History of the socialist movement in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Parliamentary_Labour_Party" title="European Parliamentary Labour Party">European Parliamentary Labour Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Labour_Party_(1888)" title="Scottish Labour Party (1888)">Scottish Labour Party (1888)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Labour_Party" title="Independent Labour Party">Independent Labour Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Representation_Committee_(1900)" title="Labour Representation Committee (1900)">Labour Representation Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gladstone%E2%80%93MacDonald_pact" title="Gladstone–MacDonald pact">Gladstone–MacDonald pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Labour_Organisation" title="National Labour Organisation">National Labour Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Independent_Group" title="Labour Independent Group">Labour Independent Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campaign_for_Democratic_Socialism" title="Campaign for Democratic Socialism">Campaign for Democratic Socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lib%E2%80%93Lab_pact" title="Lib–Lab pact">Lib–Lab pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(UK)#Creation_of_the_SDP" title="Social Democratic Party (UK)">Formation of SDP</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gang_of_Four_(SDP)" title="Gang of Four (SDP)">Gang of Four</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limehouse_Declaration" title="Limehouse Declaration">Limehouse Declaration</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Militant_tendency" title="Militant tendency">Militant tendency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_longest_suicide_note_in_history" title="The longest suicide note in history">The longest suicide note in history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_more_heave" title="One more heave">One more heave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Labour" title="New Labour">New Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony%27s_Cronies" title="Tony's Cronies">Tony's Cronies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Labour" title="Blue Labour">Blue Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_Nation_Labour" title="One Nation Labour">One Nation Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakrabarti_Inquiry" title="Chakrabarti Inquiry">Chakrabarti Inquiry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#E4003B;color:white;"><div id="Leadership" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Leadership</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;;line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Leader of the Labour Party (UK)"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Leaders</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Keir_Hardie" title="Keir Hardie">Hardie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Barnes_(British_politician)" title="George Barnes (British politician)">Barnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Adamson" title="William Adamson">Adamson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._R._Clynes" title="J. R. Clynes">Clynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Lansbury" title="George Lansbury">Lansbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Attlee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Morrison" title="Herbert Morrison">Morrison</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Gaitskell" title="Hugh Gaitskell">Gaitskell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Brown,_Baron_George-Brown" title="George Brown, Baron George-Brown">Brown</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Wilson" title="Harold Wilson">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Callaghan" title="James Callaghan">Callaghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Foot" title="Michael Foot">Foot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Kinnock" title="Neil Kinnock">Kinnock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Smith_(Labour_Party_leader)" title="John Smith (Labour Party leader)">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Beckett" title="Margaret Beckett">Beckett</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Blair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Brown" title="Gordon Brown">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Harman" title="Harriet Harman">Harman</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Miliband" title="Ed Miliband">Miliband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Harman" title="Harriet Harman">Harman</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Corbyn" title="Jeremy Corbyn">Corbyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keir_Starmer" title="Keir Starmer">Starmer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;;line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Leader_of_the_Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Deputy Leader of the Labour Party (UK)"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Deputy Leaders</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J._R._Clynes" title="J. R. Clynes">Clynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Graham_(Edinburgh_MP)" title="William Graham (Edinburgh MP)">Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Attlee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Greenwood" title="Arthur Greenwood">Greenwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Morrison" title="Herbert Morrison">Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Griffiths" title="Jim Griffiths">Griffiths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aneurin_Bevan" title="Aneurin Bevan">Bevan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Brown,_Baron_George-Brown" title="George Brown, Baron George-Brown">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Jenkins" title="Roy Jenkins">Jenkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Short,_Baron_Glenamara" title="Edward Short, Baron Glenamara">Short</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Foot" title="Michael Foot">Foot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Healey" title="Denis Healey">Healey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Hattersley" title="Roy Hattersley">Hattersley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Beckett" title="Margaret Beckett">Beckett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Prescott" title="John Prescott">Prescott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Harman" title="Harriet Harman">Harman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Watson,_Baron_Watson_of_Wyre_Forest" title="Tom Watson, Baron Watson of Wyre Forest">Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Rayner" title="Angela Rayner">Rayner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;;line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Labour_Party" title="General Secretary of the Labour Party"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">General Secretaries</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Middleton_(political_organiser)" title="James Middleton (political organiser)">Middleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgan_Phillips" title="Morgan Phillips">Phillips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Williams_(politician)" title="Leonard Williams (politician)">Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sara_Barker" title="Sara Barker">Barker</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Nicholas" title="Harry Nicholas">Nicholas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Hayward" title="Ron Hayward">Hayward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Mortimer" title="Jim Mortimer">Mortimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Whitty,_Baron_Whitty" title="Larry Whitty, Baron Whitty">Whitty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Sawyer,_Baron_Sawyer" title="Tom Sawyer, Baron Sawyer">Sawyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_McDonagh,_Baroness_McDonagh" title="Margaret McDonagh, Baroness McDonagh">McDonagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Triesman,_Baron_Triesman" title="David Triesman, Baron Triesman">Triesman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Carter_(politician)" title="Matt Carter (politician)">Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Watt" title="Peter Watt">Watt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Collins,_Baron_Collins_of_Highbury" title="Ray Collins, Baron Collins of Highbury">Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iain_McNicol" title="Iain McNicol">McNicol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennie_Formby" title="Jennie Formby">Formby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Evans_(political_official)" title="David Evans (political official)">Evans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;;line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Treasurer_of_the_Labour_Party" title="Treasurer of the Labour Party"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Treasurers</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Lathan" title="George Lathan">Lathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Greenwood" title="Arthur Greenwood">Greenwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Gaitskell" title="Hugh Gaitskell">Gaitskell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aneurin_Bevan" title="Aneurin Bevan">Bevan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Nicholas" title="Harry Nicholas">Nicholas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dai_Davies_(trade_unionist)" title="Dai Davies (trade unionist)">Davies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Callaghan" title="James Callaghan">Callaghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Atkinson" title="Norman Atkinson">Atkinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Varley" title="Eric Varley">Varley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Booth" title="Albert Booth">Booth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_McCluskie" title="Sam McCluskie">McCluskie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Burlison" title="Tom Burlison">Burlison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Prosser,_Baroness_Prosser" title="Margaret Prosser, Baroness Prosser">Prosser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Elsby" title="Jimmy Elsby">Elsby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Dromey" title="Jack Dromey">Dromey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diana_Holland" title="Diana Holland">Holland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;;line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Labour_Party_in_the_House_of_Lords" title="Leader of the Labour Party in the House of Lords"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Leaders in the Lords</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Haldane,_1st_Viscount_Haldane" title="Richard Haldane, 1st Viscount Haldane">Haldane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Cripps,_1st_Baron_Parmoor" title="Charles Cripps, 1st Baron Parmoor">Cripps</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ponsonby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Snell,_1st_Baron_Snell" title="Harry Snell, 1st Baron Snell">Snell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Addison,_1st_Viscount_Addison" title="Christopher Addison, 1st Viscount Addison">Addison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Jowitt,_1st_Earl_Jowitt" title="William Jowitt, 1st Earl Jowitt">Jowitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._V._Alexander,_1st_Earl_Alexander_of_Hillsborough" title="A. V. Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Hillsborough">Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Pakenham,_7th_Earl_of_Longford" title="Frank Pakenham, 7th Earl of Longford">Pakenham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Shackleton,_Baron_Shackleton" title="Edward Shackleton, Baron Shackleton">Shackleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Shepherd,_2nd_Baron_Shepherd" title="Malcolm Shepherd, 2nd Baron Shepherd">Shepherd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Peart,_Baron_Peart" title="Fred Peart, Baron Peart">Peart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cledwyn_Hughes,_Baron_Cledwyn_of_Penrhos" title="Cledwyn Hughes, Baron Cledwyn of Penrhos">Hughes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivor_Richard" title="Ivor Richard">Richard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Jay,_Baroness_Jay_of_Paddington" title="Margaret Jay, Baroness Jay of Paddington">Jay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gareth_Williams,_Baron_Williams_of_Mostyn" title="Gareth Williams, Baron Williams of Mostyn">Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valerie_Amos,_Baroness_Amos" title="Valerie Amos, Baroness Amos">Amos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Ashton" title="Catherine Ashton">Ashton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Royall,_Baroness_Royall_of_Blaisdon" title="Janet Royall, Baroness Royall of Blaisdon">Royall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Smith,_Baroness_Smith_of_Basildon" title="Angela Smith, Baroness Smith of Basildon">Smith of Basildon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;;line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Labour" title="Scottish Labour"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Scottish Labour Leaders</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Dewar" title="Donald Dewar">Dewar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_McLeish" title="Henry McLeish">McLeish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathy_Jamieson" title="Cathy Jamieson">Jamieson</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_McConnell" title="Jack McConnell">McConnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathy_Jamieson" title="Cathy Jamieson">Jamieson</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wendy_Alexander" title="Wendy Alexander">Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathy_Jamieson" title="Cathy Jamieson">Jamieson</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iain_Gray" title="Iain Gray">Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Lamont" title="Johann Lamont">Lamont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anas_Sarwar" title="Anas Sarwar">Sarwar</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Murphy" title="Jim Murphy">Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iain_Gray" title="Iain Gray">Gray</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kezia_Dugdale" title="Kezia Dugdale">Dugdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Rowley" title="Alex Rowley">Rowley</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackie_Baillie" title="Jackie Baillie">Baillie</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Leonard" title="Richard Leonard">Leonard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackie_Baillie" title="Jackie Baillie">Baillie</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anas_Sarwar" title="Anas Sarwar">Sarwar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;;line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Labour_Party" title="Parliamentary Labour Party"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">PLP Chairs</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Keir_Hardie" title="Keir Hardie">Hardie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Barnes_(British_politician)" title="George Barnes (British politician)">Barnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hodge_(politician)" title="John Hodge (politician)">Hodge</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Wardle" title="George Wardle">Wardle</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Adamson" title="William Adamson">Adamson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._R._Clynes" title="J. R. Clynes">Clynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Lansbury" title="George Lansbury">Lansbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Attlee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hastings_Lees-Smith" title="Hastings Lees-Smith">Lees-Smith</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Pethick-Lawrence,_1st_Baron_Pethick-Lawrence" title="Frederick Pethick-Lawrence, 1st Baron Pethick-Lawrence">Pethick-Lawrence</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Greenwood" title="Arthur Greenwood">Greenwood</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Gaitskell" title="Hugh Gaitskell">Gaitskell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Wilson" title="Harold Wilson">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Houghton,_Baron_Houghton_of_Sowerby" title="Douglas Houghton, Baron Houghton of Sowerby">Houghton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Mikardo" title="Ian Mikardo">Mikardo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cledwyn_Hughes,_Baron_Cledwyn_of_Penrhos" title="Cledwyn Hughes, Baron Cledwyn of Penrhos">Hughes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Willey" title="Fred Willey">Willey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Dormand" title="Jack Dormand">Dormand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stan_Orme" title="Stan Orme">Orme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doug_Hoyle" title="Doug Hoyle">Hoyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clive_Soley" title="Clive Soley">Soley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Corston,_Baroness_Corston" title="Jean Corston, Baroness Corston">Corston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Clwyd" title="Ann Clwyd">Clwyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Lloyd" title="Tony Lloyd">Lloyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Watts,_Baron_Watts" title="David Watts, Baron Watts">Watts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cryer" title="John Cryer">Cryer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessica_Morden" title="Jessica Morden">Morden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;;line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/European_Parliamentary_Labour_Party" title="European Parliamentary Labour Party"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">EPLP Leaders</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Stewart,_Baron_Stewart_of_Fulham" title="Michael Stewart, Baron Stewart of Fulham">Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Prescott" title="John Prescott">Prescott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Castle" title="Barbara Castle">Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alf_Lomas" title="Alf Lomas">Lomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Martin_(Scottish_politician)" title="David Martin (Scottish politician)">Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Seal_(politician)" title="Barry Seal (politician)">Seal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glyn_Ford" title="Glyn Ford">Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pauline_Green" title="Pauline Green">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_David" title="Wayne David">David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Donnelly" title="Alan Donnelly">Donnelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Murphy_(British_politician)" title="Simon Murphy (British politician)">Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Titley" title="Gary Titley">Titley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenis_Willmott" title="Glenis Willmott">Willmott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Corbett" title="Richard Corbett">Corbett</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#E4003B;color:white;"><div>* = wartime, in opposition <br /> ^ Interim/Acting</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#E4003B;color:white;"><div id="Internal_elections_and_selections" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Internal elections and selections</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;;line-height:1.1em;">Leadership elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1922_Labour_Party_leadership_election_(UK)" title="1922 Labour Party leadership election (UK)">1922</a> <a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">Ramsay MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1931 Labour Party leadership election">1931</a> <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Arthur Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1932_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1932 Labour Party leadership election">1932</a> <a href="/wiki/George_Lansbury" title="George Lansbury">George Lansbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1935_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1935 Labour Party leadership election">1935</a> <a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Clement Attlee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1955_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1955 Labour Party leadership election">1955</a> <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Gaitskell" title="Hugh Gaitskell">Hugh Gaitskell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1960 Labour Party leadership election">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1961_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1961 Labour Party leadership election">1961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963_Labour_Party_leadership_election_(UK)" title="1963 Labour Party leadership election (UK)">1963</a> <a href="/wiki/Harold_Wilson" title="Harold Wilson">Harold Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1976 Labour Party leadership election">1976</a> <a href="/wiki/James_Callaghan" title="James Callaghan">James Callaghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Labour_Party_leadership_election_(UK)" title="1980 Labour Party leadership election (UK)">1980</a> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Foot" title="Michael Foot">Michael Foot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_Labour_Party_leadership_election_(UK)" title="1983 Labour Party leadership election (UK)">1983</a> <a href="/wiki/Neil_Kinnock" title="Neil Kinnock">Neil Kinnock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Labour_Party_leadership_election_(UK)" title="1988 Labour Party leadership election (UK)">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1992 Labour Party leadership election">1992</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Smith_(Labour_Party_leader)" title="John Smith (Labour Party leader)">John Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1994 Labour Party leadership election">1994</a> <a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Tony Blair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Labour_Party_leadership_election_(UK)" title="2007 Labour Party leadership election (UK)">2007</a> <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Brown" title="Gordon Brown">Gordon Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Labour_Party_leadership_election_(UK)" title="2010 Labour Party leadership election (UK)">2010</a> <a href="/wiki/Ed_Miliband" title="Ed Miliband">Ed Miliband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Labour_Party_leadership_election_(UK)" title="2015 Labour Party leadership election (UK)">2015</a> <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Corbyn" title="Jeremy Corbyn">Jeremy Corbyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Labour_Party_leadership_election_(UK)" title="2016 Labour Party leadership election (UK)">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Labour_Party_leadership_election_(UK)" title="2020 Labour Party leadership election (UK)">2020</a> <a href="/wiki/Keir_Starmer" title="Keir Starmer">Keir Starmer</a></li></ul> <hr /> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;;line-height:1.1em;">Deputy Leadership elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1952_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1952 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1952</a> <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Morrison" title="Herbert Morrison">Herbert Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1953_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1953 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1953</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1956 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1956</a> <a href="/wiki/Jim_Griffiths" title="Jim Griffiths">Jim Griffiths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1959_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1959 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1959</a> <a href="/wiki/Aneurin_Bevan" title="Aneurin Bevan">Aneurin Bevan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1960 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1960</a> <a href="/wiki/George_Brown,_Baron_George-Brown" title="George Brown, Baron George-Brown">George Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1961_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1961 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1962_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1962 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1962</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1970 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1970</a> <a href="/wiki/Roy_Jenkins" title="Roy Jenkins">Roy Jenkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1971 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1971</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1972 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1972</a> <a href="/wiki/Edward_Short,_Baron_Glenamara" title="Edward Short, Baron Glenamara">Edward Short</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1976 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1976</a> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Foot" title="Michael Foot">Michael Foot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1980 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1980</a> <a href="/wiki/Denis_Healey" title="Denis Healey">Denis Healey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1981 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1983 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1983</a> <a href="/wiki/Roy_Hattersley" title="Roy Hattersley">Roy Hattersley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1988 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1992 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1992</a> <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Beckett" title="Margaret Beckett">Margaret Beckett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1994 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1994</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Prescott" title="John Prescott">John Prescott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="2007 Labour Party deputy leadership election">2007</a> <a href="/wiki/Harriet_Harman" title="Harriet Harman">Harriet Harman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="2015 Labour Party deputy leadership election">2015</a> <a href="/wiki/Tom_Watson,_Baron_Watson_of_Wyre_Forest" title="Tom Watson, Baron Watson of Wyre Forest">Tom Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="2020 Labour Party deputy leadership election">2020</a> <a href="/wiki/Angela_Rayner" title="Angela Rayner">Angela Rayner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;;line-height:1.1em;">Shadow Cabinet elections and reshuffles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=September_1931_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="September 1931 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election (page does not exist)">Sep 1931 (Henderson)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=November_1931_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="November 1931 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election (page does not exist)">Nov 1931</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1932_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1932 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election (page does not exist)">1932 (Lansbury)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1933_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1933 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election (page does not exist)">1933</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1934_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1934 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election (page does not exist)">1934</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1935_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1935 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election (page does not exist)">1935 (Attlee)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1936_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1936 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election (page does not exist)">1936</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1937_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1937 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election (page does not exist)">1937</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1938_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1938 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election (page does not exist)">1938</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1939_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1939 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election (page does not exist)">1939</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1951_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1951 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1951</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1952 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1953_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1953 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1953</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1954 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1955_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1955 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1955</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1956 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1956 (Gaitskell)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1957_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1957 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1958_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1958 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1958</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1959_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1959 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1959</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1960 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1961_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1961 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1962_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1962 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1962</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1963 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1963 (Wilson)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1970 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1971 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1971</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1972 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1973 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1973</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1979 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1979 (Callaghan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1980 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1980 (Foot)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1981 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1982 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1982</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1983 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1983 (Kinnock)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1984 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1985_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1985 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1985</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1986 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1986</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1987 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1988 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1989 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1990 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1991 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1991</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1992 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1992 (Smith)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1993 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1993</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1994 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1994 (Blair)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1995_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1995 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1996 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="2010 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">2010 (Miliband)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_Kingdom_shadow_cabinet_resignations" class="mw-redirect" title="2016 United Kingdom shadow cabinet resignations">June 2016 (Corbyn)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2021_British_shadow_cabinet_reshuffle" title="May 2021 British shadow cabinet reshuffle">May 2021 (Starmer)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2021_British_shadow_cabinet_reshuffle" title="November 2021 British shadow cabinet reshuffle">November 2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_British_shadow_cabinet_reshuffle" title="2023 British shadow cabinet reshuffle">2023</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#E4003B;color:white;"><div id="Party_structure" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Party structure</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;line-height:1.1em;">Constitution</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clause_IV" title="Clause IV">Clause IV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;line-height:1.1em;">Executive</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Executive_Committee_of_the_Labour_Party" title="National Executive Committee of the Labour Party">National Executive Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Labour_Party" title="General Secretary of the Labour Party">General Secretary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treasurer_of_the_Labour_Party" title="Treasurer of the Labour Party">Treasurer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;line-height:1.1em;">Parliamentary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Labour_Party" title="Parliamentary Labour Party">Parliamentary Labour Party</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Whip_of_the_Labour_Party" title="Chief Whip of the Labour Party">Chief Whip of the Labour Party</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;line-height:1.1em;">Conference</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_Conference" title="Labour Party Conference">Labour Party Conference</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;line-height:1.1em;">Subnational</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Labour" title="Scottish Labour">Scottish Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Labour" title="Welsh Labour">Welsh Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_in_Northern_Ireland" title="Labour Party in Northern Ireland">Labour Party in Northern Ireland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;line-height:1.1em;">Directly elected city mayoral authorities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/London_Labour" title="London Labour">London Labour</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;line-height:1.1em;">CLPs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constituency_Labour_Party" title="Constituency Labour Party">Constituency Labour Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_International" title="Labour International">Labour International</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;line-height:1.1em;">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Policy_Forum" title="National Policy Forum">National Policy Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)_affiliated_trade_union" title="Labour Party (UK) affiliated trade union">Affiliated trade unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_Union_and_Labour_Party_Liaison_Organisation" title="Trade Union and Labour Party Liaison Organisation">Trade Union and Labour Party Liaison Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_and_Co-operative" class="mw-redirect" title="Labour and Co-operative">Labour Co-operative</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Co-operative_Party" title="Co-operative Party">Co-operative Party</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_%E2%80%93_Federation_of_Labour_Groups" title="Labour – Federation of Labour Groups">Labour – Federation of Labour Groups</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#E4003B;color:white;"><div id="Associated_organisations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Associated organisations</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B; color:white; line-height:1.1em;">List</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_organisations_associated_with_the_Labour_Party_(UK)" title="List of organisations associated with the Labour Party (UK)">Organisations associated with the Labour Party</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B; color:white; line-height:1.1em;">Sectional groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Young_Labour_(UK)" title="Young Labour (UK)">Young Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_International" title="Labour International">Labour International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT%2B_Labour" title="LGBT+ Labour">LGBT+ Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Campaign_for_Trans_Rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Labour Campaign for Trans Rights">Labour Campaign for Trans Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Students" title="Labour Students">Labour Students</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BAME_Labour" title="BAME Labour">BAME Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability_Labour" title="Disability Labour">Disability Labour</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B; color:white; line-height:1.1em;">Factional groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Labour" title="Blue Labour">Blue Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campaign_for_Labour_Party_Democracy" title="Campaign for Labour Party Democracy">Campaign for Labour Party Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christians_on_the_Left" title="Christians on the Left">Christians on the Left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compass_(think_tank)" title="Compass (think tank)">Compass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fabian_Society" title="Fabian Society">Fabian Society</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Young_Fabians" title="Young Fabians">Young Fabians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_Britain_Group" title="Future Britain Group">Future Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre-Left_Grassroots_Alliance" title="Centre-Left Grassroots Alliance">Centre-Left Grassroots Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Labour_Movement" title="Jewish Labour Movement">Jewish Labour Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Campaign_for_Electoral_Reform" title="Labour Campaign for Electoral Reform">Labour Campaign for Electoral Reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_CND" title="Labour CND">Labour CND</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Friends_of_Israel" title="Labour Friends of Israel">Labour Friends of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Friends_of_Palestine_and_the_Middle_East" title="Labour Friends of Palestine and the Middle East">Labour Friends of Palestine & the Middle East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Growth_Group" title="Labour Growth Group">Labour Growth Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_Irish_Society" title="Labour Party Irish Society">Labour Party Irish Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Representation_Committee_(2004)" title="Labour Representation Committee (2004)">Labour Representation Committee (2004)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Women%27s_Network" title="Labour Women's Network">Labour Women's Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Momentum_(organisation)" title="Momentum (organisation)">Momentum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Labour" title="Open Labour">Open Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Union_of_Labour_and_Socialist_Clubs" title="National Union of Labour and Socialist Clubs">National Union of Labour and Socialist Clubs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Britain" title="Progressive Britain">Progressive Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Appeal_(UK,_1992)" title="Socialist Appeal (UK, 1992)">Revolutionary Communist Party</a> <small>Formerly Socialist Appeal</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Health_Association" title="Socialist Health Association">Socialist Health Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Educational_Association" title="Socialist Educational Association">Socialist Educational Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Environment_and_Resources_Association" title="Socialist Environment and Resources Association">Socialist Environment and Resources Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Campaign_Group" title="Socialist Campaign Group">Socialist Campaign Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Socialist_Youth" title="International Union of Socialist Youth">Socialist Youth Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_society_(Labour_Party)" title="Socialist society (Labour Party)">Socialist societies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B; color:white; line-height:1.1em;">Media publications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LabourList" title="LabourList">LabourList</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tribune_(magazine)" title="Tribune (magazine)">Tribune</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#E4003B;color:white;"><div id="Party_alliances" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Party alliances</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Current" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;line-height:1.1em;">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Party_of_European_Socialists" title="Party of European Socialists">Party of European Socialists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Alliance_of_Socialists_and_Democrats" title="Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats">Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Alliance" title="Progressive Alliance">Progressive Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_International" title="Socialist International">Socialist International</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Leaders_of_the_Opposition_of_the_United_Kingdom" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Leaders_of_the_Opposition_UK" title="Template:Leaders of the Opposition UK"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Leaders_of_the_Opposition_UK" title="Template talk:Leaders of the Opposition UK"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Leaders_of_the_Opposition_UK" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Leaders of the Opposition UK"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Leaders_of_the_Opposition_of_the_United_Kingdom" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(United_Kingdom)" title="Leader of the Opposition (United Kingdom)">Leaders of the Opposition of the United Kingdom</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_James_Fox" title="Charles James Fox">Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Grey,_2nd_Earl_Grey" title="Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey">Howick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Ponsonby" title="George Ponsonby">Ponsonby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Tierney" title="George Tierney">Tierney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Peel" title="Robert Peel">Peel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Spencer,_3rd_Earl_Spencer" title="John Spencer, 3rd Earl Spencer">Althorp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Peel" title="Robert Peel">Peel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Russell,_1st_Earl_Russell" title="John Russell, 1st Earl Russell">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Peel" title="Robert Peel">Peel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Russell,_1st_Earl_Russell" title="John Russell, 1st Earl Russell">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_George_Bentinck" title="Lord George Bentinck">Bentinck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Manners,_6th_Duke_of_Rutland" title="Charles Manners, 6th Duke of Rutland">Granby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Manners,_6th_Duke_of_Rutland" title="Charles Manners, 6th Duke of Rutland">Granby</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_Charles_Herries" title="John Charles Herries">Herries</a>/<a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Disraeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Disraeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Russell,_1st_Earl_Russell" title="John Russell, 1st Earl Russell">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Disraeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_John_Temple,_3rd_Viscount_Palmerston" title="Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston">Palmerston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Disraeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">Gladstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Disraeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">Gladstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spencer_Cavendish,_8th_Duke_of_Devonshire" title="Spencer Cavendish, 8th Duke of Devonshire">Hartington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stafford_Northcote,_1st_Earl_of_Iddesleigh" title="Stafford Northcote, 1st Earl of Iddesleigh">Northcote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">Gladstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Hicks_Beach,_1st_Earl_St_Aldwyn" title="Michael Hicks Beach, 1st Earl St Aldwyn">Hicks Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">Gladstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Balfour" title="Arthur Balfour">Balfour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Harcourt_(politician)" title="William Harcourt (politician)">Harcourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Campbell-Bannerman" title="Henry Campbell-Bannerman">Campbell-Bannerman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Balfour" title="Arthur Balfour">Balfour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Chamberlain" title="Joseph Chamberlain">Chamberlain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Balfour" title="Arthur Balfour">Balfour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonar_Law" title="Bonar Law">Law</a></li> <li>Vacant</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Carson" title="Edward Carson">Carson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._H._Asquith" title="H. H. Asquith">Asquith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Maclean_(British_politician)" title="Donald Maclean (British politician)">Maclean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._H._Asquith" title="H. H. Asquith">Asquith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Baldwin" title="Stanley Baldwin">Baldwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Baldwin" title="Stanley Baldwin">Baldwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Lansbury" title="George Lansbury">Lansbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Attlee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hastings_Lees-Smith" title="Hastings Lees-Smith">Lees-Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Pethick-Lawrence,_1st_Baron_Pethick-Lawrence" title="Frederick Pethick-Lawrence, 1st Baron Pethick-Lawrence">Pethick-Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Greenwood" title="Arthur Greenwood">Greenwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Attlee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Churchill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Attlee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Morrison" title="Herbert Morrison">Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Gaitskell" title="Hugh Gaitskell">Gaitskell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Brown,_Baron_George-Brown" title="George Brown, Baron George-Brown">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Wilson" title="Harold Wilson">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alec_Douglas-Home" title="Alec Douglas-Home">Douglas-Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Heath" title="Edward Heath">Heath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Wilson" title="Harold Wilson">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Heath" title="Edward Heath">Heath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Thatcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Callaghan" title="James Callaghan">Callaghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Foot" title="Michael Foot">Foot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Kinnock" title="Neil Kinnock">Kinnock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Smith_(Labour_Party_leader)" title="John Smith (Labour Party leader)">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Beckett" title="Margaret Beckett">Beckett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Blair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Major" title="John Major">Major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Hague" title="William Hague">Hague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iain_Duncan_Smith" title="Iain Duncan Smith">Duncan Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Howard" title="Michael Howard">Howard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Cameron" title="David Cameron">Cameron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Harman" title="Harriet Harman">Harman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Miliband" title="Ed Miliband">Miliband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Harman" title="Harriet Harman">Harman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Corbyn" title="Jeremy Corbyn">Corbyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keir_Starmer" title="Keir Starmer">Starmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rishi_Sunak" title="Rishi Sunak">Sunak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemi_Badenoch" title="Kemi Badenoch">Badenoch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Grenville,_1st_Baron_Grenville" title="William Grenville, 1st Baron Grenville">Grenville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Grey,_2nd_Earl_Grey" title="Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey">Grey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Petty-Fitzmaurice,_3rd_Marquess_of_Lansdowne" title="Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 3rd Marquess of Lansdowne">3rd Marquess of Lansdowne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Wellesley,_1st_Duke_of_Wellington" title="Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington">Wellington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Petty-Fitzmaurice,_3rd_Marquess_of_Lansdowne" title="Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 3rd Marquess of Lansdowne">3rd Marquess of Lansdowne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Wellesley,_1st_Duke_of_Wellington" title="Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington">Wellington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lamb,_2nd_Viscount_Melbourne" title="William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne">Melbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Wellesley,_1st_Duke_of_Wellington" title="Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington">Wellington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lamb,_2nd_Viscount_Melbourne" title="William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne">Melbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Petty-Fitzmaurice,_3rd_Marquess_of_Lansdowne" title="Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 3rd Marquess of Lansdowne">3rd Marquess of Lansdowne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Smith-Stanley,_14th_Earl_of_Derby" title="Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby">Stanley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Petty-Fitzmaurice,_3rd_Marquess_of_Lansdowne" title="Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 3rd Marquess of Lansdowne">3rd Marquess of Lansdowne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Smith-Stanley,_14th_Earl_of_Derby" title="Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby">Derby (Stanley)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granville_Leveson-Gower,_2nd_Earl_Granville" title="Granville Leveson-Gower, 2nd Earl Granville">Granville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Smith-Stanley,_14th_Earl_of_Derby" title="Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby">Derby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Russell,_1st_Earl_Russell" title="John Russell, 1st Earl Russell">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granville_Leveson-Gower,_2nd_Earl_Granville" title="Granville Leveson-Gower, 2nd Earl Granville">Granville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Harris,_3rd_Earl_of_Malmesbury" title="James Harris, 3rd Earl of Malmesbury">Malmesbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Cairns,_1st_Earl_Cairns" title="Hugh Cairns, 1st Earl Cairns">Cairns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Gordon-Lennox,_6th_Duke_of_Richmond" title="Charles Gordon-Lennox, 6th Duke of Richmond">Richmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granville_Leveson-Gower,_2nd_Earl_Granville" title="Granville Leveson-Gower, 2nd Earl Granville">Granville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Beaconsfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gascoyne-Cecil,_3rd_Marquess_of_Salisbury" title="Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury">3rd Marquess of Salisbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granville_Leveson-Gower,_2nd_Earl_Granville" title="Granville Leveson-Gower, 2nd Earl Granville">Granville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gascoyne-Cecil,_3rd_Marquess_of_Salisbury" title="Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury">3rd Marquess of Salisbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granville_Leveson-Gower,_2nd_Earl_Granville" title="Granville Leveson-Gower, 2nd Earl Granville">Granville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wodehouse,_1st_Earl_of_Kimberley" title="John Wodehouse, 1st Earl of Kimberley">Kimberley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gascoyne-Cecil,_3rd_Marquess_of_Salisbury" title="Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury">3rd Marquess of Salisbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Primrose,_5th_Earl_of_Rosebery" title="Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery">Rosebery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wodehouse,_1st_Earl_of_Kimberley" title="John Wodehouse, 1st Earl of Kimberley">Kimberley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Spencer,_5th_Earl_Spencer" title="John Spencer, 5th Earl Spencer">Spencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Robinson,_1st_Marquess_of_Ripon" title="George Robinson, 1st Marquess of Ripon">Ripon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Petty-Fitzmaurice,_5th_Marquess_of_Lansdowne" title="Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 5th Marquess of Lansdowne">5th Marquess of Lansdowne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Crewe-Milnes,_1st_Marquess_of_Crewe" title="Robert Crewe-Milnes, 1st Marquess of Crewe">Crewe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Curzon,_1st_Marquess_Curzon_of_Kedleston" title="George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston">Curzon of Kedleston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Haldane,_1st_Viscount_Haldane" title="Richard Haldane, 1st Viscount Haldane">Haldane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Cripps,_1st_Baron_Parmoor" title="Charles Cripps, 1st Baron Parmoor">Parmoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Gascoyne-Cecil,_4th_Marquess_of_Salisbury" title="James Gascoyne-Cecil, 4th Marquess of Salisbury">4th Marquess of Salisbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Hogg,_1st_Viscount_Hailsham" title="Douglas Hogg, 1st Viscount Hailsham">Hailsham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Cripps,_1st_Baron_Parmoor" title="Charles Cripps, 1st Baron Parmoor">Parmoor</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ponsonby of Shulbrede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Snell,_1st_Baron_Snell" title="Harry Snell, 1st Baron Snell">Snell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Addison,_1st_Viscount_Addison" title="Christopher Addison, 1st Viscount Addison">Addison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gascoyne-Cecil,_5th_Marquess_of_Salisbury" title="Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 5th Marquess of Salisbury">5th Marquess of Salisbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Addison,_1st_Viscount_Addison" title="Christopher Addison, 1st Viscount Addison">Addison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Jowitt,_1st_Earl_Jowitt" title="William Jowitt, 1st Earl Jowitt">Jowitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._V._Alexander,_1st_Earl_Alexander_of_Hillsborough" title="A. V. Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Hillsborough">Alexander of Hillsborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Carington,_6th_Baron_Carrington" title="Peter Carington, 6th Baron Carrington">Carrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Shackleton,_Baron_Shackleton" title="Edward Shackleton, Baron Shackleton">Shackleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Carington,_6th_Baron_Carrington" title="Peter Carington, 6th Baron Carrington">Carrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Peart,_Baron_Peart" title="Fred Peart, Baron Peart">Peart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cledwyn_Hughes,_Baron_Cledwyn_of_Penrhos" title="Cledwyn Hughes, Baron Cledwyn of Penrhos">Cledwyn of Penrhos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivor_Richard" title="Ivor Richard">Richard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gascoyne-Cecil,_7th_Marquess_of_Salisbury" title="Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 7th Marquess of Salisbury">Cranborne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Galbraith,_2nd_Baron_Strathclyde" title="Thomas Galbraith, 2nd Baron Strathclyde">Strathclyde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Royall,_Baroness_Royall_of_Blaisdon" title="Janet Royall, Baroness Royall of Blaisdon">Royall of Blaisdon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Smith,_Baroness_Smith_of_Basildon" title="Angela Smith, Baroness Smith of Basildon">Smith of Basildon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_True,_Baron_True" title="Nicholas True, Baron True">True</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Principal_Private_Secretary_to_the_Prime_Minister" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Principal_Private_Secretary_to_the_Prime_Minister" title="Template:Principal Private Secretary to the Prime Minister"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Principal_Private_Secretary_to_the_Prime_Minister" title="Template talk:Principal Private Secretary to the Prime Minister"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Principal_Private_Secretary_to_the_Prime_Minister" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Principal Private Secretary to the Prime Minister"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Principal_Private_Secretary_to_the_Prime_Minister" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Principal_Private_Secretary_to_the_Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Principal Private Secretary to the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Principal Private Secretary to the Prime Minister</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/10_Downing_Street#Prime_Minister's_Office" title="10 Downing Street">Prime Minister's Office</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Benjamin Disraeli</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Montagu_Corry,_1st_Baron_Rowton" title="Montagu Corry, 1st Baron Rowton">Montagu Corry</a> (1868; 1874–1880)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_William_Fremantle" title="Charles William Fremantle">Charles William Fremantle</a> (1868)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">William Gladstone</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algernon_West" title="Algernon West">(Sir) Algernon West</a> (1868–1872; 1892–1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Godley,_1st_Baron_Kilbracken" title="Arthur Godley, 1st Baron Kilbracken">Arthur Godley</a> (1880–1882)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Walter_Hamilton" title="Edward Walter Hamilton">Edward Walter Hamilton</a> (1882–1885)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gascoyne-Cecil,_3rd_Marquess_of_Salisbury" title="Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury">Robert Gascoyne-Cecil</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Manners,_8th_Duke_of_Rutland" title="Henry Manners, 8th Duke of Rutland">The Marquess of Granby</a> (1885–1888)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schomberg_Kerr_McDonnell" title="Schomberg Kerr McDonnell">Schomberg Kerr McDonnell</a> (1888–1892; 1895–1902)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Primrose,_5th_Earl_of_Rosebery" title="Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery">Archibald Primrose</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Murray_(civil_servant)" title="George Murray (civil servant)">George Murray</a> (1894–1895)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Balfour" title="Arthur Balfour">Arthur Balfour</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Satterfield_Sandars" title="John Satterfield Sandars">John Satterfield Sandars</a> (1902–1905)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Campbell-Bannerman" title="Henry Campbell-Bannerman">Henry Campbell-Bannerman</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Arthur Ponsonby</a> (1905–1908)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/H._H._Asquith" title="H. H. Asquith">H. H. Asquith</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vaughan_Nash" title="Vaughan Nash">Vaughan Nash</a> (1908–1911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Bonham-Carter" title="Maurice Bonham-Carter">Maurice Bonham-Carter</a> (1911–1916)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/David_Lloyd_George" title="David Lloyd George">David Lloyd George</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_T._Davies_(businessman)" title="John T. Davies (businessman)">Sir John T. Davies</a> (1916–1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Grigg,_1st_Baron_Altrincham" title="Edward Grigg, 1st Baron Altrincham">Sir Edward Grigg</a> (1921–1922)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bonar_Law" title="Bonar Law">Bonar Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Gower_(civil_servant)" title="Patrick Gower (civil servant)">Sir Patrick Gower</a> (1922–1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Waterhouse_(civil_servant)" title="Ronald Waterhouse (civil servant)">Sir Ronald Waterhouse</a> (1922–1923)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Baldwin" title="Stanley Baldwin">Stanley Baldwin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Gower_(civil_servant)" title="Patrick Gower (civil servant)">Sir Patrick Gower</a> (1923–1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Waterhouse_(civil_servant)" title="Ronald Waterhouse (civil servant)">Sir Ronald Waterhouse</a> (1923–1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Vansittart,_1st_Baron_Vansittart" title="Robert Vansittart, 1st Baron Vansittart">Robert Vansittart</a> (1928–1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Harold_Vincent" title="Sir Harold Vincent">Harold Vincent</a> (1935–1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osmund_Somers_Cleverly" title="Osmund Somers Cleverly">Osmund Cleverly</a> (1935–1937)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">Ramsay MacDonald</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Gower_(civil_servant)" title="Patrick Gower (civil servant)">Sir Patrick Gower</a> (1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Waterhouse_(civil_servant)" title="Ronald Waterhouse (civil servant)">Sir Ronald Waterhouse</a> (1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Vansittart,_1st_Baron_Vansittart" title="Robert Vansittart, 1st Baron Vansittart">Robert Vansittart</a> (1929–1930)</li> <li>Sir Patrick Duff (1930–1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Barlow" title="Alan Barlow">Alan Barlow</a> (1933–1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Harold_Vincent" title="Sir Harold Vincent">Harold Vincent</a> (1934–1935)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Neville_Chamberlain" title="Neville Chamberlain">Neville Chamberlain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Osmund_Somers_Cleverly" title="Osmund Somers Cleverly">Osmund Cleverly</a> (1937–1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Rucker_(civil_servant)" title="Arthur Rucker (civil servant)">Arthur Rucker</a> (1939–1940)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Seal" title="Eric Seal">Eric Seal</a> (1940–1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Martin_(civil_servant)" title="John Martin (civil servant)">John Martin</a> (1941–1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leslie_Rowan" title="Leslie Rowan">Leslie Rowan</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jock_Colville" title="Jock Colville">Jock Colville</a> (1951–1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Pitblado" title="David Pitblado">David Pitblado</a> (1951–1955)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Clement Attlee</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leslie_Rowan" title="Leslie Rowan">Leslie Rowan</a> (1945–1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurence_Helsby" title="Laurence Helsby">Laurence Helsby</a> (1947–1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Rickett" title="Denis Rickett">Denis Rickett</a> (1950–1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Pitblado" title="David Pitblado">David Pitblado</a> (1951)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Eden" title="Anthony Eden">Anthony Eden</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Pitblado" title="David Pitblado">David Pitblado</a> (1955–1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Bishop" title="Frederick Bishop">Frederick Bishop</a> (1956–1957)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Harold_Macmillan" title="Harold Macmillan">Harold Macmillan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Bishop" title="Frederick Bishop">Frederick Bishop</a> (1957–1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Bligh" title="Timothy Bligh">Timothy Bligh</a> (1959–1963)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Alec_Douglas-Home" title="Alec Douglas-Home">Alec Douglas-Home</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Bligh" title="Timothy Bligh">Timothy Bligh</a> (1963–1964)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Harold_Wilson" title="Harold Wilson">Harold Wilson</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Derek_Mitchell_(civil_servant)" title="Derek Mitchell (civil servant)">Derek Mitchell</a> (1964–1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Halls" title="Michael Halls">Michael Halls</a> (1966–1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Isserlis" title="Alexander Isserlis">Alexander Isserlis</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Armstrong,_Baron_Armstrong_of_Ilminster" title="Robert Armstrong, Baron Armstrong of Ilminster">Robert Armstrong</a> (1974–1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Stowe" title="Kenneth Stowe">Kenneth Stowe</a> (1975–1976)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Heath" title="Edward Heath">Edward Heath</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Isserlis" title="Alexander Isserlis">Alexander Isserlis</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Armstrong,_Baron_Armstrong_of_Ilminster" title="Robert Armstrong, Baron Armstrong of Ilminster">Robert Armstrong</a> (1970–1974)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/James_Callaghan" title="James Callaghan">James Callaghan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Stowe" title="Kenneth Stowe">Kenneth Stowe</a> (1976–1979)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Margaret Thatcher</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Stowe" title="Kenneth Stowe">Kenneth Stowe</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clive_Whitmore" title="Clive Whitmore">Clive Whitmore</a> (1979–1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Butler,_Baron_Butler_of_Brockwell" title="Robin Butler, Baron Butler of Brockwell">Robin Butler</a> (1982–1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Wicks" title="Nigel Wicks">Nigel Wicks</a> (1985–1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Turnbull,_Baron_Turnbull" title="Andrew Turnbull, Baron Turnbull">Andrew Turnbull</a> (1988–1990)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/John_Major" title="John Major">John Major</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Turnbull,_Baron_Turnbull" title="Andrew Turnbull, Baron Turnbull">Andrew Turnbull</a> (1990–1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Allan" title="Alex Allan">Alex Allan</a> (1992–1997)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Tony Blair</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Allan" title="Alex Allan">Alex Allan</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Holmes_(British_diplomat)" title="John Holmes (British diplomat)">Sir John Holmes</a> (1997–1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Heywood" title="Jeremy Heywood">Jeremy Heywood</a> (1999–2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Rogers" title="Ivan Rogers">Ivan Rogers</a> (2003–2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olly_Robbins" title="Olly Robbins">Olly Robbins</a> (2006–2007)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Brown" title="Gordon Brown">Gordon Brown</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olly_Robbins" title="Olly Robbins">Olly Robbins</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Scholar" title="Tom Scholar">Tom Scholar</a> (2007–2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Heywood" title="Jeremy Heywood">Sir Jeremy Heywood</a> (2008–2010)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/David_Cameron" title="David Cameron">David Cameron</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Bowler_(civil_servant)" title="James Bowler (civil servant)">James Bowler</a> (2010–2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Martin_(civil_servant)" title="Chris Martin (civil servant)">Chris Martin</a> (2011–2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Case" title="Simon Case">Simon Case</a> (2015–2016)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Theresa_May" title="Theresa May">Theresa May</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Case" title="Simon Case">Simon Case</a> (2016–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Hill_(civil_servant)" title="Peter Hill (civil servant)">Peter Hill</a> (2017–2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Boris_Johnson" title="Boris Johnson">Boris Johnson</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Hill_(civil_servant)" title="Peter Hill (civil servant)">Peter Hill</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Reynolds_(civil_servant)" title="Martin Reynolds (civil servant)">Martin Reynolds</a> (2019–2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Wilson_(diplomat)" title="Peter Wilson (diplomat)">Peter Wilson</a> (2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Liz_Truss" title="Liz Truss">Liz Truss</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nick Catsaras (2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rishi_Sunak" title="Rishi Sunak">Rishi Sunak</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Keir_Starmer" title="Keir Starmer">Keir Starmer</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Elizabeth Perelman (2022–)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336479#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336479#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336479#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000122757774">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/2612853">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/6991/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJpptWjQjwPMKwWWrq7j4q">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118968424">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50021437">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13186658t">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13186658t">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00541300">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36529426">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Ponsonby, Arthur"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=vse20241224725&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p069891508">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90758246">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000101192&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810569537805606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007463246705171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00835114?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div 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