CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Flag of China - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"bd923801-17b6-4ca2-ba0f-b85cd1b4d7ce","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Flag_of_China","wgTitle":"Flag of China","wgCurRevisionId":1257906004,"wgRevisionId":1257906004,"wgArticleId":24930425,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles containing traditional Chinese-language text","Articles containing French-language text","CS1 uses Chinese-language script (zh)","CS1 Simplified Chinese-language sources (zh-hans)","CS1 Chinese-language sources (zh)","CS1 errors: missing periodical","CS1 Chinese (Taiwan)-language sources (zh-tw)","CS1 Chinese (China)-language sources (zh-cn)","CS1 Traditional Chinese-language sources (zh-hant)","All articles with dead external links", "Articles with dead external links from April 2012","Articles with dead external links from September 2010","Articles with dead external links from July 2018","Articles with permanently dead external links","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use dmy dates from May 2022","Articles containing Chinese-language text","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from March 2022","Articles with unsourced statements from August 2010","All articles that may contain original research","Articles that may contain original research from December 2023","Commons category link from Wikidata","National symbols of the People's Republic of China","National flags","Flags introduced in 1949","Flags of the People's Republic of China","Flags adopted through competition","Flags of Asia","Red and yellow flags","Flags with stars"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext", "wgRelevantPageName":"Flag_of_China","wgRelevantArticleId":24930425,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":70000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q131147","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness", "fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","mediawiki.page.gallery.styles":"ready","ext.math.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js" ,"ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.math.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.page.gallery.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/1200px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="800"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/800px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="533"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/640px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="427"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Flag of China - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_China"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_China&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_China"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Flag_of_China rootpage-Flag_of_China skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Flag+of+China" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Flag+of+China" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Flag+of+China" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Flag+of+China" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_flags" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_flags"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Early flags</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_flags-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Republic_of_China" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Republic_of_China"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Republic of China</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Republic_of_China-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-People's_Republic_of_China" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#People's_Republic_of_China"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>People's Republic of China</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-People's_Republic_of_China-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Symbolism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Symbolism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Symbolism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Symbolism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Construction_details,_sizes_and_colors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Construction_details,_sizes_and_colors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Construction details, sizes and colors</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Construction_details,_sizes_and_colors-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Construction details, sizes and colors subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Construction_details,_sizes_and_colors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Colors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Colors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Unicode" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unicode"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Unicode</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unicode-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regulations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regulations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Regulations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Regulations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Regulations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Regulations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Guidelines_for_flag_display" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Guidelines_for_flag_display"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Guidelines for flag display</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Guidelines_for_flag_display-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Priority_in_processions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Priority_in_processions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Priority in processions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Priority_in_processions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Folding_the_flag" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Folding_the_flag"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Folding the flag</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Folding_the_flag-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Desecration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Desecration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Desecration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Desecration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flags_of_the_Special_Administrative_Regions_of_the_People's_Republic_of_China" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flags_of_the_Special_Administrative_Regions_of_the_People's_Republic_of_China"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Flags of the Special Administrative Regions of the People's Republic of China</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flags_of_the_Special_Administrative_Regions_of_the_People's_Republic_of_China-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military_flags" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military_flags"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Military flags</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military_flags-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-CCP_flags" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#CCP_flags"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>CCP flags</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-CCP_flags-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Customs_flag" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Customs_flag"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Customs flag</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Customs_flag-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historical_and_foreign-influenced_flags" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_and_foreign-influenced_flags"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Historical and foreign-influenced flags</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical_and_foreign-influenced_flags-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Flag of China</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 80 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-80" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">80 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlag_van_die_Volksrepubliek_China" title="Vlag van die Volksrepubliek China – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Vlag van die Volksrepubliek China" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%A8%E1%89%BB%E1%8B%AD%E1%8A%93_%E1%88%85%E1%8B%9D%E1%89%A3%E1%8B%8A_%E1%88%AA%E1%8D%90%E1%89%A5%E1%88%8A%E1%8A%AD_%E1%88%B0%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%B0%E1%89%85_%E1%8B%93%E1%88%8B%E1%88%9B" title="የቻይና ህዝባዊ ሪፐብሊክ ሰንደቅ ዓላማ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="የቻይና ህዝባዊ ሪፐብሊክ ሰንደቅ ዓላማ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="علم جمهورية الصين الشعبية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="علم جمهورية الصين الشعبية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandera_de_la_Rep%C3%BAblica_Popular_China" title="Bandera de la República Popular China – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Bandera de la República Popular China" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87in_bayra%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Çin bayrağı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Çin bayrağı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kob%C3%A9r_Cina" title="Kobér Cina – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Kobér Cina" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE" title="চীনের জাতীয় পতাকা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="চীনের জাতীয় পতাকা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%86%D1%8F%D0%B3_%D0%9A%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%8F" title="Сцяг Кітая – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сцяг Кітая" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8C%D1%86%D1%8F%D0%B3_%D0%9A%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%8E" title="Сьцяг Кітаю – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Сьцяг Кітаю" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Национално знаме на Китайската народна република – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Национално знаме на Китайската народна република" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zastava_Kine" title="Zastava Kine – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Zastava Kine" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandera_de_la_Rep%C3%BAblica_Popular_de_la_Xina" title="Bandera de la República Popular de la Xina – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Bandera de la República Popular de la Xina" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlajka_%C4%8C%C3%ADnsk%C3%A9_lidov%C3%A9_republiky" title="Vlajka Čínské lidové republiky – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Vlajka Čínské lidové republiky" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baner_Gweriniaeth_Pobl_Tsieina" title="Baner Gweriniaeth Pobl Tsieina – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Baner Gweriniaeth Pobl Tsieina" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folkerepublikken_Kinas_flag" title="Folkerepublikken Kinas flag – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Folkerepublikken Kinas flag" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flagge_der_Volksrepublik_China" title="Flagge der Volksrepublik China – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Flagge der Volksrepublik China" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%90%DE%A9%DE%82%DE%AA%DE%86%DE%A6%DE%83%DE%A6%DE%87%DE%A8%DE%8E%DE%AC_%DE%8B%DE%A8%DE%8B%DE%A6" title="ސީނުކަރައިގެ ދިދަ – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ސީނުކަރައިގެ ދިދަ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiina_Rahvavabariigi_lipp" title="Hiina Rahvavabariigi lipp – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Hiina Rahvavabariigi lipp" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%9B%CE%B1%CF%8A%CE%BA%CE%AE%CF%82_%CE%94%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%9A%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Σημαία της Λαϊκής Δημοκρατίας της Κίνας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σημαία της Λαϊκής Δημοκρατίας της Κίνας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandera_de_la_Rep%C3%BAblica_Popular_China" title="Bandera de la República Popular China – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bandera de la República Popular China" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flago_de_%C4%88inio" title="Flago de Ĉinio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Flago de Ĉinio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Txinako_Herri_Errepublikako_bandera" title="Txinako Herri Errepublikako bandera – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Txinako Herri Errepublikako bandera" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%DA%86%D9%85_%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86" title="پرچم چین – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پرچم چین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drapeau_de_la_r%C3%A9publique_populaire_de_Chine" title="Drapeau de la république populaire de Chine – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Drapeau de la république populaire de Chine" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bratach_na_S%C3%ADne" title="Bratach na Síne – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Bratach na Síne" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandeira_da_Rep%C3%BAblica_Popular_da_China" title="Bandeira da República Popular da China – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Bandeira da República Popular da China" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%9A%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%8B_%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B7%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%9F%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%A7%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%9C" title="ચીનનો રાષ્ટ્રધ્વજ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ચીનનો રાષ્ટ્રધ્વજ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A4%91%ED%99%94%EC%9D%B8%EB%AF%BC%EA%B3%B5%ED%99%94%EA%B5%AD%EC%9D%98_%EA%B5%AD%EA%B8%B0" title="중화인민공화국의 국기 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="중화인민공화국의 국기" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tutar_Sin" title="Tutar Sin – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Tutar Sin" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%89%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%A4%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%B7" title="Չինաստանի դրոշ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Չինաստանի դրոշ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%9C" title="पीपल्स रिपब्लिक ओफ़ चायना का ध्वज – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पीपल्स रिपब्लिक ओफ़ चायना का ध्वज" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zastava_Kine" title="Zastava Kine – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Zastava Kine" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="গণচীনর ফিরালহান – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="গণচীনর ফিরালহান" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bendera_Tiongkok" title="Bendera Tiongkok – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bendera Tiongkok" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A1ni_K%C3%ADna" title="Fáni Kína – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Fáni Kína" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandiera_della_Repubblica_Popolare_Cinese" title="Bandiera della Repubblica Popolare Cinese – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bandiera della Repubblica Popolare Cinese" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%92%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9F" title="דגל הרפובליקה העממית של סין – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דגל הרפובליקה העממית של סין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gend%C3%A9ra_Cina" title="Gendéra Cina – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Gendéra Cina" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A9%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%93%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A8%E1%83%90" title="ჩინეთის დროშა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჩინეთის დროშა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bendera_ya_China" title="Bendera ya China – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Bendera ya China" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B6%C4%ABnas_Tautas_Republikas_karogs" title="Ķīnas Tautas Republikas karogs – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ķīnas Tautas Republikas karogs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinijos_Liaudies_Respublikos_v%C4%97liava" title="Kinijos Liaudies Respublikos vėliava – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kinijos Liaudies Respublikos vėliava" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandera_de_la_Cina" title="Bandera de la Cina – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Bandera de la Cina" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%ADna_z%C3%A1szlaja" title="Kína zászlaja – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kína zászlaja" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Знаме на Народна Република Кина – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Знаме на Народна Република Кина" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%86_%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B6%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95" title="ചൈനയുടെ ദേശീയപതാക – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ചൈനയുടെ ദേശീയപതാക" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%9C" title="चीनच्या जनतेच्या प्रजासत्ताकाचा ध्वज – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="चीनच्या जनतेच्या प्रजासत्ताकाचा ध्वज" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%86" title="علم الصين – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="علم الصين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bendera_Republik_Rakyat_China" title="Bendera Republik Rakyat China – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bendera Republik Rakyat China" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlag_van_de_Volksrepubliek_China" title="Vlag van de Volksrepubliek China – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Vlag van de Volksrepubliek China" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E3%81%AE%E5%9B%BD%E6%97%97" title="中華人民共和国の国旗 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="中華人民共和国の国旗" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folkerepublikken_Kinas_flagg" title="Folkerepublikken Kinas flagg – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Folkerepublikken Kinas flagg" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xitoy_bayrog%CA%BBi" title="Xitoy bayrogʻi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Xitoy bayrogʻi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%9D%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%BE" title="ਚੀਨ ਦਾ ਝੰਡਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਚੀਨ ਦਾ ਝੰਡਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%93" title="ទង់ជាតិចិន – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ទង់ជាតិចិន" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flaga_Chi%C5%84skiej_Republiki_Ludowej" title="Flaga Chińskiej Republiki Ludowej – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Flaga Chińskiej Republiki Ludowej" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandeira_da_China" title="Bandeira da China – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bandeira da China" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drapelul_Chinei" title="Drapelul Chinei – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Drapelul Chinei" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%8F" title="Флаг Китая – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Флаг Китая" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hata_nu_Cong-kow" title="Hata nu Cong-kow – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Hata nu Cong-kow" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banner_o_the_Fowkrepublic_o_Cheenae" title="Banner o the Fowkrepublic o Cheenae – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Banner o the Fowkrepublic o Cheenae" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flamuri_i_Republik%C3%ABs_Popullore_t%C3%AB_Kin%C3%ABs" title="Flamuri i Republikës Popullore të Kinës – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Flamuri i Republikës Popullore të Kinës" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Flag of the People's Republic of China – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Flag of the People's Republic of China" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlajka_%C4%8C%C3%ADny" title="Vlajka Číny – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Vlajka Číny" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zastava_Kitajske" title="Zastava Kitajske – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Zastava Kitajske" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Застава Кине – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Застава Кине" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zastava_Kine" title="Zastava Kine – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Zastava Kine" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiinan_kansantasavallan_lippu" title="Kiinan kansantasavallan lippu – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kiinan kansantasavallan lippu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinas_flagga" title="Kinas flagga – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kinas flagga" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99" title="ธงชาติจีน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ธงชาติจีน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87in_bayra%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Çin bayrağı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Çin bayrağı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%9A%D0%9D%D0%A0" title="Прапор КНР – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Прапор КНР" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%DA%86%D9%85_%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86" title="پرچم چین – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پرچم چین" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cunghvaz_Yinzminz_Gunghozgoz_gozgeiz" title="Cunghvaz Yinzminz Gunghozgoz gozgeiz – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Cunghvaz Yinzminz Gunghozgoz gozgeiz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%E1%BB%91c_k%E1%BB%B3_C%E1%BB%99ng_h%C3%B2a_Nh%C3%A2n_d%C3%A2n_Trung_Hoa" title="Quốc kỳ Cộng hòa Nhân dân Trung Hoa – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Quốc kỳ Cộng hòa Nhân dân Trung Hoa" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E6%97%97" title="中华人民共和国国旗 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="中华人民共和国国旗" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80s%C3%AC%C3%A1_il%E1%BA%B9%CC%80_Or%C3%ADl%E1%BA%B9%CC%80-%C3%A8d%C3%A8_Ol%C3%B3m%C3%ACnira_%C3%A0w%E1%BB%8Dn_Ar%C3%A1_il%E1%BA%B9%CC%80_%E1%B9%A2%C3%A1%C3%ADn%C3%A0" title="Àsìá ilẹ̀ Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira àwọn Ará ilẹ̀ Ṣáínà – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Àsìá ilẹ̀ Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira àwọn Ará ilẹ̀ Ṣáínà" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E6%97%97" title="中華人民共和國旗 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="中華人民共和國旗" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E6%97%97" title="中华人民共和国国旗 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="中华人民共和国国旗" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%9B%E2%B5%8F%E2%B5%A2%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8D_%E2%B5%8F_%E2%B5%9B%E2%B5%9B%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%8F%E2%B5%A1%E2%B4%B0" title="ⴰⵛⵏⵢⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵛⵛⵉⵏⵡⴰ – Standard Moroccan Tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴰⵛⵏⵢⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵛⵛⵉⵏⵡⴰ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standard Moroccan Tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q131147#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_China" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Flag_of_China" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_China"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_China&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_China&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_China"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_China&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_China&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Flag_of_China" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Flag_of_China" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_China&oldid=1257906004" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_China&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Flag_of_China&id=1257906004&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFlag_of_China"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFlag_of_China"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Flag_of_China&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_China&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:National_flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Flag_of_China" hreflang="en"><span>Wikiquote</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q131147" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the flag of the People's Republic of China since its creation in 1949. For the flag of the Republic of China, commonly known as the flag of Taiwan, see <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Flag of the Republic of China">Flag of the Republic of China</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_China_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Flag of China (disambiguation)">Flag of China (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">People's Republic of China</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="display:none"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/255px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="255" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/383px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/510px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><i>Five-star Red Flag</i><sup id="cite_ref-pla_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pla-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Vexillological_symbol" title="Vexillological symbol">Use</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Civil_flag" title="Civil flag">Civil</a> and <a href="/wiki/State_flag" title="State flag">state flag</a>, <a href="/wiki/Civil_ensign" title="Civil ensign">civil</a> and <a href="/wiki/State_ensign" class="mw-redirect" title="State ensign">state ensign</a> <span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_110110.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Civil and state flags and ensigns"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/FIAV_110110.svg/23px-FIAV_110110.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/FIAV_110110.svg/35px-FIAV_110110.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/FIAV_110110.svg/46px-FIAV_110110.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="210" /></a></span><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_normal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Normal or de jure version of flag, or obverse side"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/FIAV_normal.svg/23px-FIAV_normal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/FIAV_normal.svg/36px-FIAV_normal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/FIAV_normal.svg/46px-FIAV_normal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IFIS_Mirror.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Reverse side is mirror image of obverse side"><img alt="Reverse side is mirror image of obverse side" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/IFIS_Mirror.svg/21px-IFIS_Mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/IFIS_Mirror.svg/32px-IFIS_Mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/IFIS_Mirror.svg/42px-IFIS_Mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="21" data-file-height="15" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Proportion</th><td class="infobox-data">2:3</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Adopted</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>27 September 1949<span class="noprint">; 75 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1949-09-27</span>)</span> (approved by the CPPCC)<sup id="cite_ref-CPC_news_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CPC_news-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1 October 1949<span class="noprint">; 75 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1949-10-01</span>)</span> (introduced)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Design</th><td class="infobox-data">A large golden star within an arc of four smaller golden stars, in the canton, on a field of <a href="/wiki/Chinese_red" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese red">Chinese red</a>.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Designed by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Zeng_Liansong" title="Zeng Liansong">Zeng Liansong</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color: #202122;background-color:#b0c4de">Flag of China</th></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans" style="font-size: 1rem;"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD" class="extiw" title="wikt:中国">中国</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E6%97%97" class="extiw" title="wikt:国旗">国旗</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant" style="font-size: 1rem;"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B" class="extiw" title="wikt:中國">中國</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E6%97%97" class="extiw" title="wikt:國旗">國旗</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Literal meaning</th><td class="infobox-data">State flag of China</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Zhōngguó guóqí</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">Bopomofo</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">ㄓㄨㄥㄍㄨㄛ´ ㄍㄨㄛ´ ㄑㄧ´</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Chungkuo kuoch'i</span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Yue: Cantonese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese" title="Yale romanization of Cantonese">Yale Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">Zùngwók gwókkei</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Flag of the People's Republic of China</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans" style="font-size: 1rem;"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" class="extiw" title="wikt:中华人民共和国">中华人民共和国</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E6%97%97" class="extiw" title="wikt:国旗">国旗</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant" style="font-size: 1rem;"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="extiw" title="wikt:中華人民共和國">中華人民共和國</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E6%97%97" class="extiw" title="wikt:國旗">國旗</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Literal meaning</th><td class="infobox-data">State flag of the People's Republic of China</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó guóqí</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">Bopomofo</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">ㄓㄨㄥㄏㄨㄚ´ ㄖㄣ´ ㄇㄧㄣ´ ㄍㄨㄥ` ㄏㄜ´ ㄍㄨㄛ´ ㄍㄨㄛ´ ㄑㄧ´</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Chunghua Jenmin Kunghokuo kuoch'i</span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Yue: Cantonese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese" title="Yale romanization of Cantonese">Yale Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">Zùngfàa Jànman Gùngwogwók gwókkei</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Five-star Red Flag</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans" style="font-size: 1rem;"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%BA%94" class="extiw" title="wikt:五">五</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%98%9F" class="extiw" title="wikt:星">星</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%BA%A2" class="extiw" title="wikt:红">红</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%97%97" class="extiw" title="wikt:旗">旗</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant" style="font-size: 1rem;"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%BA%94" class="extiw" title="wikt:五">五</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%98%9F" class="extiw" title="wikt:星">星</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%B4%85" class="extiw" title="wikt:紅">紅</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%97%97" class="extiw" title="wikt:旗">旗</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Wǔ xīng hóng qí</span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Yue: Cantonese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese" title="Yale romanization of Cantonese">Yale Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">Ngh sèng gùng kei</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>national flag of the People's Republic of China</b>, also known as the <b>Five-star Red Flag</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-pla_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pla-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a <a href="/wiki/Vermilion#Chinese_red" title="Vermilion">Chinese red</a> field with five golden <a href="/wiki/Five-pointed_star" title="Five-pointed star">stars</a> <a href="/wiki/Charge_(heraldry)" title="Charge (heraldry)">charged</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_vexillology#Flag_elements" title="Glossary of vexillology">canton</a>. The design features one large star, with four smaller stars in an arc set off towards the fly. It has been the national flag of China since the <a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Proclamation of the People's Republic of China">foundation of the People's Republic of China on 1 October 1949</a>. The flag was designed by <a href="/wiki/Zeng_Liansong" title="Zeng Liansong">Zeng Liansong</a>. </p><p>The red represents the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Revolution" title="Chinese Communist Revolution">Chinese Communist Revolution</a>. The five stars and their relationships to each other represent the unity of four social classes of <a href="/wiki/Chinese_people" title="Chinese people">Chinese people</a>, symbolized by four smaller stars, under the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a> (CCP), symbolized by the large star. The flag was first hoisted by the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="People's Liberation Army">People's Liberation Army</a> (PLA) on a pole overlooking Beijing's <a href="/wiki/Tiananmen_Square" title="Tiananmen Square">Tiananmen Square</a> on 1 October 1949, at a ceremony proclaiming the establishment of the People's Republic of China. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_China&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Qing_dynasty" title="Flag of the Qing dynasty">Flag of the Qing dynasty</a> and <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Flag of the Republic of China">Flag of the Republic of China</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_flags">Early flags</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_China&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early flags"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The previous flag of China was the "<a href="/wiki/Yellow_Dragon_Flag" class="mw-redirect" title="Yellow Dragon Flag">Yellow Dragon Flag</a>" used by the <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a> — the last <a href="/wiki/Imperial_dynasties_in_Chinese_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial dynasties in Chinese history">imperial dynasty in Chinese history</a>— from 1862 until the overthrow of the monarchy during the <a href="/wiki/1911_Revolution" title="1911 Revolution">1911 Revolution</a>. The flag that was adopted in 1862 was triangular, but the dynasty adopted a rectangular version of the dragon flag in 1889. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248256098">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{width:100%!important}}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{display:table}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-default{background:transparent;margin-top:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-none{float:none}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-collapsible{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div{display:table-cell;padding:0 4px 4px;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main>div{display:table-cell}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallery{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div{display:table-cell;padding:4px;text-align:right;font-size:85%;line-height:1em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div *,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div *{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallerybox img{background:none!important}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img{border:solid var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)1px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb{background:var(--background-color-base,#fff)!important}</style><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-center" style="border: none;"><div class="title"><div>Flags of the <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a></div></div><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-nolines nochecker whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_China_(1862%E2%80%931889).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of the Qing Dynasty (1862–1889)"><img alt="Blue dragon on plain yellow triangular flag, with a red pearl at the upper left corner." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_China_%281862%E2%80%931889%29.svg/180px-Flag_of_China_%281862%E2%80%931889%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_China_%281862%E2%80%931889%29.svg/270px-Flag_of_China_%281862%E2%80%931889%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_China_%281862%E2%80%931889%29.svg/360px-Flag_of_China_%281862%E2%80%931889%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="870" data-file-height="560" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_historical.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Design used in the past, but now abandoned"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/23px-FIAV_historical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/36px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/46px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> Flag of the Qing Dynasty (1862–1889)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_China_(1889%E2%80%931912).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of the Qing Dynasty (1889–1912)"><img alt="Blue dragon on plain yellow rectangular flag, with a red pearl at the upper left corner." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Flag_of_China_%281889%E2%80%931912%29.svg/180px-Flag_of_China_%281889%E2%80%931912%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Flag_of_China_%281889%E2%80%931912%29.svg/270px-Flag_of_China_%281889%E2%80%931912%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Flag_of_China_%281889%E2%80%931912%29.svg/360px-Flag_of_China_%281889%E2%80%931912%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_historical.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Design used in the past, but now abandoned"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/23px-FIAV_historical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/36px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/46px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> Flag of the Qing Dynasty (1889–1912)</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Republic_of_China">Republic of China</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_China&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Republic of China"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1248256098"><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="title"><div>Flags of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">Republic of China</a></div></div><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-nolines nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931928).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of the Beiyang government (1912–1928)."><img alt="Flag of the Beiyang government (1912–1928)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_China_%281912%E2%80%931928%29.svg/180px-Flag_of_China_%281912%E2%80%931928%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_China_%281912%E2%80%931928%29.svg/270px-Flag_of_China_%281912%E2%80%931928%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_China_%281912%E2%80%931928%29.svg/360px-Flag_of_China_%281912%E2%80%931928%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_historical.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Design used in the past, but now abandoned"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/23px-FIAV_historical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/36px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/46px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> Flag of the <a href="/wiki/Beiyang_government" title="Beiyang government">Beiyang government</a> (1912–1928).</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Naval_Jack_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg" class="mw-file-description" title=""Blue Sky with a White Sun" flag (青天白日旗). Kuomintang party flag and the ROC naval jack (1895–present)"><img alt=""Blue Sky with a White Sun" flag (青天白日旗). Kuomintang party flag and the ROC naval jack (1895–present)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Naval_Jack_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/180px-Naval_Jack_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Naval_Jack_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/270px-Naval_Jack_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Naval_Jack_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/360px-Naval_Jack_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_historical.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Design used in the past, but now abandoned"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/23px-FIAV_historical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/36px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/46px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> "<a href="/wiki/Blue_Sky_with_a_White_Sun" title="Blue Sky with a White Sun">Blue Sky with a White Sun</a>" flag (<span lang="zh-Hant">青天白日旗</span>). <a href="/wiki/Kuomintang" title="Kuomintang">Kuomintang</a> party flag and the ROC <a href="/wiki/Naval_jack" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval jack">naval jack</a> (1895–present)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China_Army.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of the Republic of China Army."><img alt="Flag of the Republic of China Army." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China_Army.svg/180px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China_Army.svg/270px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China_Army.svg/360px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_historical.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Design used in the past, but now abandoned"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/23px-FIAV_historical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/36px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/46px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> Flag of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_Army" title="Republic of China Army">Republic of China Army</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E9%90%B5%E8%A1%80%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AB%E6%98%9F%E6%97%97.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wuhan Army flags"><img alt="Wuhan Army flags" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/%E9%90%B5%E8%A1%80%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AB%E6%98%9F%E6%97%97.svg/180px-%E9%90%B5%E8%A1%80%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AB%E6%98%9F%E6%97%97.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/%E9%90%B5%E8%A1%80%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AB%E6%98%9F%E6%97%97.svg/270px-%E9%90%B5%E8%A1%80%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AB%E6%98%9F%E6%97%97.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/%E9%90%B5%E8%A1%80%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AB%E6%98%9F%E6%97%97.svg/360px-%E9%90%B5%E8%A1%80%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AB%E6%98%9F%E6%97%97.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="320" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_historical.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Design used in the past, but now abandoned"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/23px-FIAV_historical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/36px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/46px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> Wuhan Army flags</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%8D%81%E4%B9%9D%E6%98%9F%E6%97%97.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/%E5%8D%81%E4%B9%9D%E6%98%9F%E6%97%97.svg/180px-%E5%8D%81%E4%B9%9D%E6%98%9F%E6%97%97.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/%E5%8D%81%E4%B9%9D%E6%98%9F%E6%97%97.svg/270px-%E5%8D%81%E4%B9%9D%E6%98%9F%E6%97%97.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/%E5%8D%81%E4%B9%9D%E6%98%9F%E6%97%97.svg/360px-%E5%8D%81%E4%B9%9D%E6%98%9F%E6%97%97.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="320" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of the Republic of China of the Nationalist government (flown only in Taiwan after 1949)."><img alt="Flag of the Republic of China of the Nationalist government (flown only in Taiwan after 1949)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/180px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/270px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/360px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_historical.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Design used in the past, but now abandoned"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/23px-FIAV_historical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/36px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/46px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> Flag of the Republic of China of the <a href="/wiki/Nationalist_government" title="Nationalist government">Nationalist government</a> (flown only in <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a> after 1949).</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <p>--The <a href="/wiki/Flag_terminology" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag terminology">canton</a> (upper corner on the hoist side) originated from the "<a href="/wiki/Blue_Sky_with_a_White_Sun" title="Blue Sky with a White Sun">Blue Sky with a White Sun flag</a>" (<span lang="zh-Hant"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E5%A4%A9" class="extiw" title="wikt:青天">青天</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E6%97%A5" class="extiw" title="wikt:白日">白日</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%97%97" class="extiw" title="wikt:旗">旗</a></span>; <i><span lang="zh-Latn">qīngtiān báirì qí</span></i>) designed by <a href="/wiki/Lu_Haodong" title="Lu Haodong">Lu Haodong</a>, a martyr of the <a href="/wiki/1911_Revolution" title="1911 Revolution">1911 Revolution</a>. He presented his design to represent the revolutionary army at the inauguration of the <a href="/wiki/Society_for_Regenerating_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Society for Regenerating China">Society for Regenerating China</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Anti-Qing_sentiment" title="Anti-Qing sentiment">anti-Qing</a> society in <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>, on 21 February 1895. This design was later adopted as the <a href="/wiki/KMT_party_flag" class="mw-redirect" title="KMT party flag">KMT party flag</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Coat of Arms of the Republic of China">Coat of Arms of the Republic of China</a>. The "red Earth" portion was added by <a href="/wiki/Sun_Yat-sen" title="Sun Yat-sen">Sun Yat-sen</a> in the winter of 1906, bringing the flag to its modern form. According to <a href="/wiki/George_Yeo" title="George Yeo">George Yeo</a>, the then Foreign Minister of Singapore in 2011, in those days, the Blue Sky with a White Sun flag was sewn in the <a href="/wiki/Sun_Yat_Sen_Nanyang_Memorial_Hall" title="Sun Yat Sen Nanyang Memorial Hall">Sun Yat Sen Nanyang Memorial Hall</a> (formerly known as the "Sun Yat Sen Villa") in Singapore by Teo Eng Hock and his wife.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The drafted design had ten stripes with the flag of the Kuomintang in the canton that resembled the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_States" title="Flag of the United States">flags of the United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Malaysia" title="Flag of Malaysia">Malaysia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Liberia" title="Flag of Liberia">Liberia</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Wuchang_Uprising" title="Wuchang Uprising">Wuchang Uprising</a> in 1911 that heralded the Republic, the various revolutionary armies had different flags. Lu Hao-tung's "Blue Sky with a White Sun" flag was used in the provinces of <a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guangxi" title="Guangxi">Guangxi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Guizhou" title="Guizhou">Guizhou</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a>, a flag with 18 yellow stars was used to represent the 18 administrative divisions at the time. In <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a> and northern China, a "Five-Colored Flag" (<span lang="zh-Hant"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E8%89%B2" class="extiw" title="wikt:五色">五色</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%97%97" class="extiw" title="wikt:旗">旗</a></span>; <i><span lang="zh-Latn">wǔ sè qí</span></i>) (<a href="/wiki/Five_Races_Under_One_Union" title="Five Races Under One Union">Five Races Under One Union</a> flag) was used of five horizontal stripes representing the five major <a href="/wiki/Nationalities_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationalities of China">nationalities of China</a>: the <a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese" title="Han Chinese">Han</a> (red), the <a href="/wiki/Manchu" class="mw-redirect" title="Manchu">Manchu</a> (yellow), the <a href="/wiki/Mongol" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongol">Mongol</a> (blue), the <a href="/wiki/Hui_Chinese" class="mw-redirect" title="Hui Chinese">Hui</a> (white), and the <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_people" title="Tibetan people">Tibetan</a> (black).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>When the government of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">Republic of China</a> was established on 1 January 1912, the "Five-Colored Flag" was selected by the provisional Senate as the national flag. The "<a href="/wiki/File:%E9%90%B5%E8%A1%80%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AB%E6%98%9F%E6%97%97.svg" title="File:鐵血十八星旗.svg">18-Star Flag</a>" was adopted by the army<sup id="cite_ref-army_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-army-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the modern flag was adopted as a naval ensign.<sup id="cite_ref-navy_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-navy-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sun Yat-sen, however, did not consider the five-colored flag appropriate, reasoning that horizontal order implied a hierarchy or class like that which existed during dynastic times.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>After President <a href="/wiki/Yuan_Shikai" title="Yuan Shikai">Yuan Shikai</a> assumed <a href="/wiki/Dictatorship" title="Dictatorship">dictatorial powers</a> in 1913 by dissolving the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_the_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="National Assembly of the Republic of China">National Assembly</a> and outlawing the KMT, Sun Yat-sen established a government-in-exile in <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a> and employed the modern flag as the national ROC flag. He continued using this design when the KMT established a <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Republic_of_China_in_Guangzhou" title="Government of the Republic of China in Guangzhou">rival government</a> in <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a> in 1917. The modern flag was made the official national flag on 17 December 1928 after the successful <a href="/wiki/Northern_Expedition_(1926%E2%80%931927)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Expedition (1926–1927)">Northern Expedition</a> that overthrew the Beijing government, though the Five-Colored Flag still continued to be used by locals in an unofficial capacity. One reason for this discrepancy in use was lingering regional biases held by officials and citizens of northern China, who favored the Five-Colored Flag, against southerners such as the <a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Cantonese</a>/Hakka Sun Yat-sen.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>During <a href="/wiki/The_Second_Sino-Japanese_War" class="mw-redirect" title="The Second Sino-Japanese War">the Second Sino-Japanese War</a>, the invading <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japanese</a> established a <a href="/wiki/Japanese_puppet_states" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese puppet states">variety of puppet governments</a> using several flag designs. The "<a href="/wiki/Reformed_Government_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Reformed Government of the Republic of China">Reform Government</a>", established in March 1938 in <a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</a> to consolidate the various puppet governments, employed the Five-Colored Flag. When <a href="/wiki/Wang_Jingwei" title="Wang Jingwei">Wang Jingwei</a> was slated to take over the <a href="/wiki/Reorganized_National_Government_of_the_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Reorganized National Government of the Republic of China">Japanese-installed government in Nanjing</a> in 1940, he demanded to use the modern flag as a means to challenge the authority of the <a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationalist Government">Nationalist Government</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a> under <a href="/wiki/Chiang_Kai-shek" title="Chiang Kai-shek">Chiang Kai-shek</a> and position himself as the rightful successor to Sun Yat-sen. However, the Japanese preferred the Five-Colored flag. As a compromise, the Japanese suggested adding a triangular yellow pennant on top with the slogan "Peace, Anticommunism, National Construction" (<span lang="zh-Hant">和平反共建國</span>; <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Hépíng fǎngòng jiàn guó</span></i>) in black, but this was rejected by Wang. In the end, Wang and the Japanese agreed that the yellow banner was to be used outdoors only until 1943, when the banner was abandoned, leaving two rival governments with the same flag, each claiming to be the legitimate national government of China.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a> in 1949, the ROC government led by Chiang Kai-shek relocated its government and its institutions to the island of <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Taiwan" title="Geography of Taiwan">Taiwan</a>. On the <a href="/wiki/Mainland_China" title="Mainland China">mainland</a>, CCP forces of <a href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong" title="Mao Zedong">Mao Zedong</a> established the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China_(PRC)" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China (PRC)">People's Republic of China</a> (PRC) and adopted their own national flag. On 23 October 1954, the National Emblem and National Flag of the Republic of China Act (<span lang="zh-Hant"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B" class="extiw" title="wikt:中華民國">中華民國</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%BE%BD" class="extiw" title="wikt:國徽">國徽</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E6%97%97%E6%B3%95" class="extiw" title="wikt:國旗法">國旗法</a></span>; <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Zhōnghuá Mínguó guóhuī guóqífǎ</span></i>) was promulgated by the <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Yuan" title="Legislative Yuan">Legislative Yuan</a> to specify the size, measure, ratio, production, and management of the flag.<sup id="cite_ref-1954law_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1954law-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1248256098"><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="title"><div>Proposed designs of the Blue Sky, White Sun and Wholly Red Earth Flag</div></div><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-nolines nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China_(draft_1).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Teo Eng Hock and his wife's proposal 1 for the ROC flag."><img alt="Flag proposal 1" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China_%28draft_1%29.svg/180px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China_%28draft_1%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China_%28draft_1%29.svg/270px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China_%28draft_1%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China_%28draft_1%29.svg/360px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China_%28draft_1%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_proposal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vexillological description"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/FIAV_proposal.svg/23px-FIAV_proposal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/FIAV_proposal.svg/36px-FIAV_proposal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/FIAV_proposal.svg/46px-FIAV_proposal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> Teo Eng Hock and his wife's proposal 1 for the ROC flag.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China_(draft_2).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Proposal 2 for the ROC flag."><img alt="Flag proposal 2" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China_%28draft_2%29.svg/180px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China_%28draft_2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China_%28draft_2%29.svg/270px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China_%28draft_2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China_%28draft_2%29.svg/360px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China_%28draft_2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_proposal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vexillological description"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/FIAV_proposal.svg/23px-FIAV_proposal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/FIAV_proposal.svg/36px-FIAV_proposal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/FIAV_proposal.svg/46px-FIAV_proposal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> Proposal 2 for the ROC flag.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China_Army.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Proposal 3 for the ROC flag, later adopted as the Flag of the Republic of China Army."><img alt="Flag proposal 3" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China_Army.svg/180px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China_Army.svg/270px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China_Army.svg/360px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_proposal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vexillological description"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/FIAV_proposal.svg/23px-FIAV_proposal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/FIAV_proposal.svg/36px-FIAV_proposal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/FIAV_proposal.svg/46px-FIAV_proposal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> Proposal 3 for the ROC flag, later adopted as the Flag of the Republic of China Army.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Proposal 4 for the ROC flag, later officially adopted as the national flag."><img alt="Flag proposal 4" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/180px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/270px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/360px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_proposal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vexillological description"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/FIAV_proposal.svg/23px-FIAV_proposal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/FIAV_proposal.svg/36px-FIAV_proposal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/FIAV_proposal.svg/46px-FIAV_proposal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> Proposal 4 for the ROC flag, later officially adopted as the national flag.</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="People's_Republic_of_China"><span id="People.27s_Republic_of_China"></span>People's Republic of China</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_China&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: People's Republic of China"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 4 July 1949, the sixth working group of the Preparatory Committee of the New Political Consultative Conference (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">新政治協商會議籌備會</span></span>, PCNPCC) created a notice to submit designs for the national flag. After subsequent revisions, the notice was published in the papers <i><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Daily" title="People's Daily">People's Daily</a></i>, <i>Beiping Liberation News</i>, <i>Xinmin News</i>, <i>Dazhong Daily</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Guangming_Daily_(China)" class="mw-redirect" title="Guangming Daily (China)">Guangming Daily</a></i>, <i>Jinbu Daily</i> and <i>Tianjin Daily</i> during the period 15–26 July.<sup id="cite_ref-gov_news_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gov_news-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The list of requirements for the national flag were also posted in the notice: </p> <ol><li>Chinese characteristics (geography, nationality, history, culture, etc.);</li> <li>Power characteristics (people's democratic government, led by the working class and based on the worker-peasant alliance);</li> <li>The shape should be rectangular and the length-breadth ratio should be 3:2;</li> <li>The color should mainly be bright red<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (an early draft of the notice had the color as dark red, but this was changed to bright red by <a href="/wiki/Zhou_Enlai" title="Zhou Enlai">Zhou Enlai</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-kong_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kong-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <p><a href="/wiki/Zeng_Liansong" title="Zeng Liansong">Zeng Liansong</a>, a citizen from <a href="/wiki/Wenzhou" title="Wenzhou">Wenzhou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang</a>, was working in Shanghai when the announcement came out; he wanted to create a flag design to express his patriotic enthusiasm for the new country. In the middle of July, he sat down in his attic over the course of several nights to come up with designs. His inspiration for the current design came from observing how stars shine in the night sky. He thusly thought of a Chinese proverb, "longing for the stars, longing for the moon" (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">盼星星盼月亮</span></span>, <i>pàn xīngxīng pàn yuèliàng</i>), which shows yearning. He viewed the CCP as the great savior (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">大救星</span></span>, <i>dà jiùxīng</i> "great saving star") of the Chinese people, symbolized by the flag's largest star. The idea for four small stars came from "<a href="/wiki/On_the_People%27s_Democratic_Dictatorship" title="On the People's Democratic Dictatorship">On the People's Democratic Dictatorship</a>", a speech by Mao Zedong, which defined the Chinese people as consisting of four <a href="/wiki/Social_class" title="Social class">social classes</a>, also traditionally referred to in Asian cultures as the <a href="/wiki/Four_occupations" title="Four occupations">four occupations</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">士農工商</span></span>, <i>shì nóng gōng shāng</i>) ("Scholars, Peasants, Workers, Merchants"). The color yellow implies that China belongs to the Chinese people, a "<a href="/wiki/Yellow_race" class="mw-redirect" title="Yellow race">yellow race</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-kong_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kong-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After working out the details of the placement of the stars and their sizes (he had tried to put all of the stars in the center, but thought this too dull), he sent his "Five Stars on a Field of Red" (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">紅地五星旗</span></span>, <i>hóng dì wǔxīng qí</i>) design to the committee in the middle of August.<sup id="cite_ref-CPC_news_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CPC_news-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-kong_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kong-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 20 August, between 2,992<sup id="cite_ref-design_participation_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-design_participation-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 3,012<sup id="cite_ref-govprcflag_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-govprcflag-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> designs had been sent to the flag committee,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including input from committee members themselves such as <a href="/wiki/Guo_Moruo" title="Guo Moruo">Guo Moruo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tan_Kah_Kee" title="Tan Kah Kee">Tan Kah Kee</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-design_participation_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-design_participation-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 16 to 20 August, the designs were viewed at the <a href="/wiki/Beijing_Hotel" title="Beijing Hotel">Beijing Hotel</a> and culled down to a list of 38.<sup id="cite_ref-CPC_news_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CPC_news-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-gov_news_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gov_news-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These designs are collected into a book named <i>A Reference of National Flag Designs</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">國旗圖案參考資料</span></span>). This book was then submitted to the newly established <a href="/wiki/Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference" title="Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference">Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference</a> (CPPCC) for further discussion. However, Zeng's design was not included until <a href="/wiki/Tian_Han" title="Tian Han">Tian Han</a> nominated it again.<sup id="cite_ref-国旗是怎样诞生的_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-国旗是怎样诞生的-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_first_flag_of_China.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/The_first_flag_of_China.jpg/220px-The_first_flag_of_China.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/The_first_flag_of_China.jpg/330px-The_first_flag_of_China.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ef/The_first_flag_of_China.jpg 2x" data-file-width="440" data-file-height="510" /></a><figcaption>The flag of the People's Republic of China is raised for the first time on 1 October 1949</figcaption></figure><p>On the morning of 23 September, the representatives of the CPPCC discussed the national flags, but came to no conclusion. Some disliked the symbolism which Zeng attached to the four smaller stars, and said it should not include the bourgeoisie. The design Mao and others liked had a giant golden star in the corner on a red flag that was charged with a golden horizontal bar. But this design was strongly opposed by <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Zhizhong" title="Zhang Zhizhong">Zhang Zhizhong</a>, who saw the golden bar as symbolizing China being divided into two.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That night, Peng Guanghan (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">彭光涵</span></span>) recommended Zeng's design to Zhou Enlai. Zhou was satisfied with it and asked for the creation of a larger copy of the design. Tan Kah Kee also gave his advice to Mao and Zhou that the power characteristics take precedence over Chinese geography characteristics, so there was no need to insist on the golden bar that symbolized the <a href="/wiki/Yellow_River" title="Yellow River">Yellow River</a>. Two days later, Mao had a meeting in his office about the flag. He persuaded everyone to adopt Zeng's design, with some slight modifications.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to earlier discussions at the Beijing Hotel, the <a href="/wiki/Hammer_and_sickle" title="Hammer and sickle">hammer and sickle</a> from Zeng's original design was removed since it was similar to the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Flag of the Soviet Union">flag of the Soviet Union</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-国旗是怎样诞生的_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-国旗是怎样诞生的-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 27 September 1949, Zeng's modified design was selected unanimously by the First Plenary Session of CPPCC, which changed the flag's name to "Five-star Red Flag".<sup id="cite_ref-CPC_news_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CPC_news-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 29 September, the new flag was published in the <i>People's Daily</i>, so the design could be copied by other local authorities.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The flag was officially unveiled and raised for the first time by Mao Zedong in Beijing's <a href="/wiki/Tiananmen_Square" title="Tiananmen Square">Tiananmen Square</a> on 1 October 1949, at the formal <a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Proclamation of the People's Republic of China">announcement</a> of the <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">People's Republic of China</a>. The first flag flown over Tiananmen Square was sewn together by Zhao Wenrui (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">赵文瑞</span></span>), a seamstress who finished the task around 1<span class="nowrap"> </span>pm on 30 September.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zeng had a hard time believing that his design was picked, due to the missing hammer and sickle from the giant star. However, he was officially congratulated by the General Office of the Central People's Government as the designer of the flag and received 5 million yuan for his work.<sup id="cite_ref-kong_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kong-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hantailun_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hantailun-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1248256098"><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="title"><div>Rejected designs of the Five-star Red Flag</div></div><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-nolines nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zeng_Liansong%27s_proposal_for_the_PRC_flag.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="The original design submitted by Zeng Liansong."><img alt="A red flag with four small golden stars and one giant gold star at the top left corner. In the giant gold star, a red crossed hammer and sickle is placed in the center." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Zeng_Liansong%27s_proposal_for_the_PRC_flag.svg/180px-Zeng_Liansong%27s_proposal_for_the_PRC_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Zeng_Liansong%27s_proposal_for_the_PRC_flag.svg/270px-Zeng_Liansong%27s_proposal_for_the_PRC_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Zeng_Liansong%27s_proposal_for_the_PRC_flag.svg/360px-Zeng_Liansong%27s_proposal_for_the_PRC_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_proposal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vexillological description"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/FIAV_proposal.svg/23px-FIAV_proposal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/FIAV_proposal.svg/36px-FIAV_proposal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/FIAV_proposal.svg/46px-FIAV_proposal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> The original design submitted by <a href="/wiki/Zeng_Liansong" title="Zeng Liansong">Zeng Liansong</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mao_Zedong%27s_proposal_for_the_PRC_flag.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="The "Yellow River" flag design originally preferred by Mao Zedong."><img alt="Flag proposal 2" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Mao_Zedong%27s_proposal_for_the_PRC_flag.svg/180px-Mao_Zedong%27s_proposal_for_the_PRC_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Mao_Zedong%27s_proposal_for_the_PRC_flag.svg/270px-Mao_Zedong%27s_proposal_for_the_PRC_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Mao_Zedong%27s_proposal_for_the_PRC_flag.svg/360px-Mao_Zedong%27s_proposal_for_the_PRC_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_proposal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vexillological description"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/FIAV_proposal.svg/23px-FIAV_proposal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/FIAV_proposal.svg/36px-FIAV_proposal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/FIAV_proposal.svg/46px-FIAV_proposal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> The "<a href="/wiki/Yellow_River" title="Yellow River">Yellow River</a>" flag design originally preferred by <a href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong" title="Mao Zedong">Mao Zedong</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Proposal_2_for_the_PRC_flag.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Proposal 2 for the PRC flag."><img alt="Flag proposal 3" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Proposal_2_for_the_PRC_flag.svg/180px-Proposal_2_for_the_PRC_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Proposal_2_for_the_PRC_flag.svg/270px-Proposal_2_for_the_PRC_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Proposal_2_for_the_PRC_flag.svg/360px-Proposal_2_for_the_PRC_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_proposal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vexillological description"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/FIAV_proposal.svg/23px-FIAV_proposal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/FIAV_proposal.svg/36px-FIAV_proposal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/FIAV_proposal.svg/46px-FIAV_proposal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> Proposal 2 for the PRC flag.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Proposal_3_for_the_PRC_flag.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Proposal 3 for the PRC flag."><img alt="Flag proposal 4" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Proposal_3_for_the_PRC_flag.svg/180px-Proposal_3_for_the_PRC_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Proposal_3_for_the_PRC_flag.svg/270px-Proposal_3_for_the_PRC_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Proposal_3_for_the_PRC_flag.svg/360px-Proposal_3_for_the_PRC_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_proposal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vexillological description"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/FIAV_proposal.svg/23px-FIAV_proposal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/FIAV_proposal.svg/36px-FIAV_proposal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/FIAV_proposal.svg/46px-FIAV_proposal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> Proposal 3 for the PRC flag.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Proposal_4_for_the_PRC_flag.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Proposal 4 for the PRC flag."><img alt="Proposal 4 for the PRC flag." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Proposal_4_for_the_PRC_flag.svg/180px-Proposal_4_for_the_PRC_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Proposal_4_for_the_PRC_flag.svg/270px-Proposal_4_for_the_PRC_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Proposal_4_for_the_PRC_flag.svg/360px-Proposal_4_for_the_PRC_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_proposal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vexillological description"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/FIAV_proposal.svg/23px-FIAV_proposal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/FIAV_proposal.svg/36px-FIAV_proposal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/FIAV_proposal.svg/46px-FIAV_proposal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> Proposal 4 for the PRC flag.</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1248256098"><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="title"><div>Other rejected proposed designs</div></div><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-nolines nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Proposed_PRC_national_flag_001.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Proposal by Xiao Shufang"><img alt="Proposal by Xiao Shufang" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Proposed_PRC_national_flag_001.svg/180px-Proposed_PRC_national_flag_001.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Proposed_PRC_national_flag_001.svg/270px-Proposed_PRC_national_flag_001.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Proposed_PRC_national_flag_001.svg/360px-Proposed_PRC_national_flag_001.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="366" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_proposal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vexillological description"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/FIAV_proposal.svg/23px-FIAV_proposal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/FIAV_proposal.svg/36px-FIAV_proposal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/FIAV_proposal.svg/46px-FIAV_proposal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> Proposal by Xiao Shufang</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Proposed_PRC_national_flags_006.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Proposal by Wu Yuzhang"><img alt="Proposal by Wu Yuzhang" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Proposed_PRC_national_flags_006.svg/180px-Proposed_PRC_national_flags_006.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Proposed_PRC_national_flags_006.svg/270px-Proposed_PRC_national_flags_006.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Proposed_PRC_national_flags_006.svg/360px-Proposed_PRC_national_flags_006.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="366" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_proposal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vexillological description"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/FIAV_proposal.svg/23px-FIAV_proposal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/FIAV_proposal.svg/36px-FIAV_proposal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/FIAV_proposal.svg/46px-FIAV_proposal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> Proposal by <a href="/wiki/Wu_Yuzhang" title="Wu Yuzhang">Wu Yuzhang</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Proposed-PRC-10.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Proposal by Ai Qing"><img alt="Proposal by Ai Qing" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Proposed-PRC-10.svg/180px-Proposed-PRC-10.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Proposed-PRC-10.svg/270px-Proposed-PRC-10.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Proposed-PRC-10.svg/360px-Proposed-PRC-10.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_proposal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vexillological description"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/FIAV_proposal.svg/23px-FIAV_proposal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/FIAV_proposal.svg/36px-FIAV_proposal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/FIAV_proposal.svg/46px-FIAV_proposal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> Proposal by <a href="/wiki/Ai_Qing" title="Ai Qing">Ai Qing</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Proposed_PRC_national_flag_014.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Proposal by Zhu De"><img alt="Proposal by Zhu De" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Proposed_PRC_national_flag_014.svg/160px-Proposed_PRC_national_flag_014.svg.png" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Proposed_PRC_national_flag_014.svg/240px-Proposed_PRC_national_flag_014.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Proposed_PRC_national_flag_014.svg/320px-Proposed_PRC_national_flag_014.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_proposal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vexillological description"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/FIAV_proposal.svg/23px-FIAV_proposal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/FIAV_proposal.svg/36px-FIAV_proposal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/FIAV_proposal.svg/46px-FIAV_proposal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> Proposal by <a href="/wiki/Zhu_De" title="Zhu De">Zhu De</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Proposed_PRC_national_flag_015.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Proposal by Liang Congjie"><img alt="Proposal by Liang Congjie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Proposed_PRC_national_flag_015.svg/180px-Proposed_PRC_national_flag_015.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Proposed_PRC_national_flag_015.svg/270px-Proposed_PRC_national_flag_015.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Proposed_PRC_national_flag_015.svg/360px-Proposed_PRC_national_flag_015.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="366" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_proposal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vexillological description"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/FIAV_proposal.svg/23px-FIAV_proposal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/FIAV_proposal.svg/36px-FIAV_proposal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/FIAV_proposal.svg/46px-FIAV_proposal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> Proposal by <a href="/wiki/Liang_Congjie" title="Liang Congjie">Liang Congjie</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Proposed_PRC_flag_(Design_8,_Guo_Moruo).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Proposal by Guo Moruo"><img alt="Proposal by Guo Moruo (design 8)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Proposed_PRC_flag_%28Design_8%2C_Guo_Moruo%29.svg/180px-Proposed_PRC_flag_%28Design_8%2C_Guo_Moruo%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Proposed_PRC_flag_%28Design_8%2C_Guo_Moruo%29.svg/270px-Proposed_PRC_flag_%28Design_8%2C_Guo_Moruo%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Proposed_PRC_flag_%28Design_8%2C_Guo_Moruo%29.svg/360px-Proposed_PRC_flag_%28Design_8%2C_Guo_Moruo%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_proposal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vexillological description"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/FIAV_proposal.svg/23px-FIAV_proposal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/FIAV_proposal.svg/36px-FIAV_proposal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/FIAV_proposal.svg/46px-FIAV_proposal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> Proposal by <a href="/wiki/Guo_Moruo" title="Guo Moruo">Guo Moruo</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Guo_Moruo%27s_Proposal_Flag_for_the_PRC.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Proposal by Guo Moruo"><img alt="Proposal by Guo Moruo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Guo_Moruo%27s_Proposal_Flag_for_the_PRC.svg/180px-Guo_Moruo%27s_Proposal_Flag_for_the_PRC.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Guo_Moruo%27s_Proposal_Flag_for_the_PRC.svg/270px-Guo_Moruo%27s_Proposal_Flag_for_the_PRC.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Guo_Moruo%27s_Proposal_Flag_for_the_PRC.svg/360px-Guo_Moruo%27s_Proposal_Flag_for_the_PRC.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_proposal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vexillological description"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/FIAV_proposal.svg/23px-FIAV_proposal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/FIAV_proposal.svg/36px-FIAV_proposal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/FIAV_proposal.svg/46px-FIAV_proposal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> Proposal by <a href="/wiki/Guo_Moruo" title="Guo Moruo">Guo Moruo</a></div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Symbolism">Symbolism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_China&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Symbolism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chinese_flag_(Beijing)_-_IMG_1104.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Chinese_flag_%28Beijing%29_-_IMG_1104.jpg/220px-Chinese_flag_%28Beijing%29_-_IMG_1104.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Chinese_flag_%28Beijing%29_-_IMG_1104.jpg/330px-Chinese_flag_%28Beijing%29_-_IMG_1104.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Chinese_flag_%28Beijing%29_-_IMG_1104.jpg/440px-Chinese_flag_%28Beijing%29_-_IMG_1104.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1125" /></a><figcaption>Flag of China, Beijing</figcaption></figure> <p>According to the official government interpretation of the flag, the red background symbolizes the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Revolution" title="Chinese Communist Revolution">Chinese Communist Revolution</a>. The five stars and their relationship represents the unity of Chinese people under the leadership of the CCP. The orientation of the stars shows that the unity should revolve around a center.<sup id="cite_ref-govprcflag_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-govprcflag-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The larger star symbolizes the CCP, and the four smaller stars that surround the big star symbolize the four social classes of China's <a href="/wiki/New_Democracy" title="New Democracy">New Democracy</a> mentioned in Mao's "On the People's Democratic Dictatorship": the <a href="/wiki/Working_class" title="Working class">working class</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Peasant" title="Peasant">peasantry</a>, the urban <a href="/wiki/Petite_bourgeoisie" title="Petite bourgeoisie">petite bourgeoisie</a>, and the national <a href="/wiki/Bourgeoisie" title="Bourgeoisie">bourgeoisie</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is sometimes stated that the five stars of the flag represent the five largest ethnic groups: <a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese" title="Han Chinese">Han Chinese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zhuang_people" title="Zhuang people">Zhuangs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hui_people" title="Hui people">Hui people</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manchu_people" title="Manchu people">Manchus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Uyghur_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Uyghur people">Uyghurs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Shambaugh_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shambaugh-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is generally regarded as an erroneous conflation with the <a href="/wiki/Five_Races_Under_One_Union" title="Five Races Under One Union">"Five Races Under One Union" flag</a>, used 1912–28 by the <a href="/wiki/Beiyang_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Beiyang Government">Beiyang Government</a> of Republic of China, whose different-colored stripes represented the Han Chinese, Hui people, Manchus, <a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">Mongols</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_people" title="Tibetan people">Tibetans</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Shambaugh_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shambaugh-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Zarrow_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zarrow-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Construction_details,_sizes_and_colors"><span id="Construction_details.2C_sizes_and_colors"></span>Construction details, sizes and colors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_China&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Construction details, sizes and colors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The construction sheet for the national flag was published on 28 September 1949 by an order from the Presidium of the First Plenary Session of the CPPCC.<sup id="cite_ref-cnflaglaw_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnflaglaw-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The information can also be found in the document "<a href="/wiki/List_of_GB_standards" class="mw-redirect" title="List of GB standards">GB</a> 12982-2004: National flag" that was released by the <a href="/wiki/Standardization_Administration_of_China" title="Standardization Administration of China">Standardization Administration of China</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-standards_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-standards-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <table class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Construction sheet </th> <th>Standard </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_China_(construction_sheet).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_China_%28construction_sheet%29.svg/450px-Flag_of_China_%28construction_sheet%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="450" height="313" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_China_%28construction_sheet%29.svg/675px-Flag_of_China_%28construction_sheet%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_China_%28construction_sheet%29.svg/900px-Flag_of_China_%28construction_sheet%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="750" /></a></span> </td> <td> <ol><li>The flag is split into 4 sections, with the top hoist part of the flag being a grid of 15 by 10 units.</li> <li>The center of the biggest star is placed at 5 units from the hoist and 5 units from the top of the flag; the diameter of the biggest star's <a href="/wiki/Circumscribed_circle" title="Circumscribed circle">circumscribed circle</a> is 6 units.</li> <li>Of the 4 smaller stars, the first one is centered 2 units from the top of the flag, 10 units from the hoist; the second one is centered 4 units from the top of the flag and 12 units from the hoist; the third one is centered 7 units from the top of the flag and 12 units from the hoist; the fourth one is centered 9 units from the top of the flag and 10 units from the hoist.</li> <li>The diameter of each small star's circumscribed circle is 2 units. Each of the top points of the 4 smaller stars are rotated such that they point towards the center of the larger star.<sup id="cite_ref-chinaflagcon_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chinaflagcon-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/2016_Summer_Olympics" title="2016 Summer Olympics">2016 Summer Olympics</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a>, flags that failed to adhere to the regulations were used in connection with China. The flags, used during the opening ceremony and two medal ceremonies, featured the four small stars incorrectly angled in the same direction, eliciting both fury at and a subsequent apology from the Olympic organizers.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_on_the_National_Flag&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Law on the National Flag (page does not exist)">Law on the National Flag</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E6%97%97%E6%B3%95" class="extiw" title="zh:中华人民共和国国旗法">zh</a>]</span> mentions five possible sizes that could be made for the national flag:<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Article 4 of the Law On the National Flag, people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government are directed to authorize companies to make any copy of the national flag.<sup id="cite_ref-cnflaglaw_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnflaglaw-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Besides five official sizes for flying on flagpoles, there are another four smaller sizes for other purposes, such as decoration on cars or display in meeting rooms.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Size</th> <th>1</th> <th>2</th> <th>3</th> <th>4</th> <th>5</th> <th>6</th> <th>7</th> <th>8</th> <th>9 </th></tr> <tr> <td>Length × width (cm) </td> <td>288 × 192</td> <td>240 × 160</td> <td>192 × 128</td> <td>144 × 96</td> <td>96 × 64</td> <td>66 × 44</td> <td>45 × 30</td> <td>30 × 20</td> <td>21 × 14 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colors">Colors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_China&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Colors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The colors of the national flag are stipulated in the document "GB 12983-2004: Standard Color Sample of the National Flag", and promulgated by the Standardization Administration of China. The colors are in specified in <a href="/wiki/CIE_1931_color_space#Similar_color_spaces" title="CIE 1931 color space">CIE 1964 xyY<sub>10</sub> color space</a> under <a href="/wiki/Standard_illuminant" title="Standard illuminant">standard illuminant</a> D65.<sup id="cite_ref-flagcolor_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-flagcolor-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" width="80%"> <caption>Standard color sample of the national flag<sup id="cite_ref-flagcolor_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-flagcolor-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2" colspan="2">Fabric </th> <th rowspan="2">Luminance <i>Y</i><sub>10</sub> </th> <th colspan="2">Color coordinate </th> <th rowspan="2">Allowable error margin </th></tr> <tr> <th><i>x</i><sub>10</sub></th> <th><i>y</i><sub>10</sub> </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Synthetic_fiber" title="Synthetic fiber">Synthetic fiber</a> </th> <th>Red </th> <td>9.4</td> <td>0.555</td> <td>0.328 </td> <td rowspan="6">All are <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Delta E_{ab}^{\,\bullet }\leq 2.0}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <msubsup> <mi>E</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>a</mi> <mi>b</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mo>∙</mo> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>≤</mo> <mn>2.0</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \Delta E_{ab}^{\,\bullet }\leq 2.0}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b6930d6d878f5ed382764bce323548fc6879ad3e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:11.529ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Delta E_{ab}^{\,\bullet }\leq 2.0}"></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Gold </th> <td>41.2</td> <td>0.446</td> <td>0.489 </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Silk" title="Silk">Silk</a> </th> <th>Red </th> <td>12.3</td> <td>0.565</td> <td>0.325 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Gold </th> <td>32.4</td> <td>0.450</td> <td>0.463 </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Cotton_cloth" class="mw-redirect" title="Cotton cloth">Cotton cloth</a> </th> <th>Red </th> <td>9.2</td> <td>0.595</td> <td>0.328 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Gold </th> <td>33.0</td> <td>0.467</td> <td>0.463 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Sleeve</th> <th>White </th> <td>78.0</td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>The luminance <i>Y</i><sub>10</sub> must not be less than 78 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span class="anchor" id="Color_scheme"></span>For computer display, the National Flag Law defers to "standard" <a href="/wiki/PNG_image" class="mw-redirect" title="PNG image">PNG images</a> posted on the <a href="/wiki/National_People%27s_Congress" title="National People's Congress">National People's Congress</a> website.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The specific colors used, in the <a href="/wiki/SRGB" title="SRGB">sRGB</a> space of the PNG file, are:<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </th> <th style="background:#EE1C25; width:200px"><span style="color:white;">Red</span> </th> <th style="background:#FFFF00; width:200px">Yellow </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#F2F2F2; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/RGB_color_model" title="RGB color model">RGB</a></b> </td> <td><code>238/28/37</code></td> <td><code>255/255/0</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#F2F2F2; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/Hexadecimal" title="Hexadecimal">Hexadecimal</a></b> </td> <td><code>#EE1C25</code></td> <td><code>#FFFF00</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#F2F2F2; text-align:right"><b><a href="/wiki/CMYK_color_model" title="CMYK color model">CMYK</a></b> </td> <td><code>0/88/84/7</code></td> <td><code>0/0/100/0</code> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Unicode">Unicode</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_China&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Unicode"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Flag of China is represented as the <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> <a href="/wiki/Emoji" title="Emoji">emoji</a> sequence <span class="nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><span class="monospaced">U+1F1E8</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">🇨</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">REGIONAL INDICATOR SYMBOL LETTER C</span> and <span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+1F1F3</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">🇳</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">REGIONAL INDICATOR SYMBOL LETTER N</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Regulations">Regulations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_China&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Regulations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original text related to this article: <div style="margin-left: 10px;"><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Law_About_The_National_Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Law About The National Flag of the People's Republic of China">Law About The National Flag of the People's Republic of China</a></b></div></div></div> </div> <p>The current law about the national flag was passed by 14th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Seventh National People's Congress on 28 June 1990 and was enforced starting 1 October 1990. The main point of the law was to set down regulations on how to make the Chinese flag, what it looks like, where it can be flown and how it can be flown. The law also stresses that the national flag is "the symbol and hallmark of the People's Republic of China" and that everyone "shall respect and care for the National Flag".<sup id="cite_ref-cnflaglaw_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnflaglaw-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Guidelines_for_flag_display">Guidelines for flag display</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_China&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Guidelines for flag display"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vertical_Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Vertical_Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/220px-Vertical_Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Vertical_Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/330px-Vertical_Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Vertical_Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/440px-Vertical_Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption>Proper vertical display of the flag of the People's Republic of China.</figcaption></figure> <p>The National Flag Law of the People's Republic of China has made detailed regulations on places or institutions for raising the national flag. Specifically, it stipulates the flag must be hung daily at Tiananmen Square, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gate_of_New_China&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gate of New China (page does not exist)">Gate of New China</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%8F%AF%E9%96%80" class="extiw" title="zh:新華門">zh</a>]</span>, the <a href="/wiki/Standing_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Standing Committee of the National People's Congress">Standing Committee of the National People's Congress</a>, the <a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="State Council of the People's Republic of China">State Council</a>, the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_People%27s_Procuratorate" title="Supreme People's Procuratorate">Supreme People's Procuratorate</a>, immigration agencies, ports, railway stations and other <a href="/wiki/Ports_of_entry" class="mw-redirect" title="Ports of entry">ports of entry</a>, among other places. The flag should be hung at various departments of the State Council, the standing committees of local people's congresses at all levels, courts, and local committees of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference or property belonging to said places or institutions on working days. National flags should be raised in full-time schools except on vacations and Sundays. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Priority_in_processions">Priority in processions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_China&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Priority in processions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to Article 15 of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_on_the_National_Flag&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Law on the National Flag (page does not exist)">Law on the National Flag</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E6%97%97%E6%B3%95" class="extiw" title="zh:中华人民共和国国旗法">zh</a>]</span>, "the national flag, when raised or carried in a procession with another flag or flags, shall be in front of the other flag or flags." However, incidents violating the aforementioned provisions, such as the CCP flag leading the national flag, have occurred. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Folding_the_flag">Folding the flag</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_China&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Folding the flag"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li>Fold horizontally along the center.</li> <li>Repeat, fold horizontally along the center.</li> <li>Fold vertically along the center of the flag.</li> <li>Repeat, fold vertically along the center of the flag.</li> <li>Repeat, fold vertically along the center of the flag.</li> <li>Repeat, fold vertically along the top</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Desecration">Desecration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_China&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Desecration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Flag_desecration#China" title="Flag desecration">Flag desecration § China</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2008_Tibet._China..jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/2008_Tibet._China..jpg/220px-2008_Tibet._China..jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/2008_Tibet._China..jpg/330px-2008_Tibet._China..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/2008_Tibet._China..jpg/440px-2008_Tibet._China..jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>Chinese flag being burned at a pro-Tibet protest</figcaption></figure> <p>Flag desecration is prohibited in China. The penal code<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> provides for imprisonment up to three years, criminal detention, public surveillance, or deprivation of political rights for "whoever desecrates the National Flag or the <a href="/wiki/National_Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="National Emblem of the People's Republic of China">National Emblem</a> of the People's Republic of China by intentionally burning, mutilating, scrawling on, defiling or trampling upon it in a public place". Some Taiwanese groups have burned the Chinese flag in protest of the PRC government.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 29 September 2017, Hong Kong elected legislator <a href="/wiki/Cheng_Chung-tai" title="Cheng Chung-tai">Cheng Chung-tai</a> was convicted of desecrating the flag under the National Flag and National Emblem Ordinance.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research"><span title="The material near this tag possibly contains original research. (December 2023)">original research?</span></a></i>]</sup> He had been seen turning representations of the flags (not of standard dimensions) upside down in the legislative chamber in October of the previous year.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Flags_of_the_Special_Administrative_Regions_of_the_People's_Republic_of_China"><span id="Flags_of_the_Special_Administrative_Regions_of_the_People.27s_Republic_of_China"></span>Flags of the Special Administrative Regions of the People's Republic of China</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_China&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Flags of the Special Administrative Regions of the People's Republic of China"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Hong_Kong" title="Flag of Hong Kong">Flag of Hong Kong</a> and <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Macau" title="Flag of Macau">Flag of Macau</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_flying_protocol_of_Hong_Kong_SAR_and_PRC.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_flying_protocol_of_Hong_Kong_SAR_and_PRC.svg/345px-Flag_flying_protocol_of_Hong_Kong_SAR_and_PRC.svg.png" decoding="async" width="345" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_flying_protocol_of_Hong_Kong_SAR_and_PRC.svg/518px-Flag_flying_protocol_of_Hong_Kong_SAR_and_PRC.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_flying_protocol_of_Hong_Kong_SAR_and_PRC.svg/690px-Flag_flying_protocol_of_Hong_Kong_SAR_and_PRC.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>The regional flag (Hong Kong) displayed with the national flag.</figcaption></figure> <p>Due to an order passed by the CCP Central Committee General Office and General Office of the State Council, cities and provinces are no longer allowed to adopt their own symbols.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, both of the Hong Kong and <a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a> <a href="/wiki/Special_Administrative_Region_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China">Special Administrative Regions</a> of China have their own special flags. The precise use of the SAR flags are regulated by laws passed by the National People's Congress.<sup id="cite_ref-hongkong_flag_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hongkong_flag-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-macau_flag_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-macau_flag-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Flag of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region features a stylized, white, five-petal <i><a href="/wiki/Bauhinia_blakeana" class="mw-redirect" title="Bauhinia blakeana">Bauhinia blakeana</a></i> flower in the center of a red field. On each petal is a red star; they symbolise Hong Kong's status under China, while the overall flag design signifies the reestablished link between postcolonial Hong Kong and China while demonstrating the "<a href="/wiki/One_country,_two_systems" title="One country, two systems">One country, two systems</a>" political principle applied to the region.<sup id="cite_ref-symbolism_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-symbolism-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-reflection_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reflection-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The flag of Hong Kong was adopted on 16 February 1990.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 10 August 1996, it received formal approval from the <a href="/wiki/Transfer_of_sovereignty_over_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="Transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong">Preparatory Committee</a>, a group which advised the People's Republic of China (PRC) on <a href="/wiki/Transfer_of_sovereignty_over_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="Transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong">Hong Kong's transfer of sovereignty</a> from the United Kingdom to the PRC in 1997.<sup id="cite_ref-hongkong_flag_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hongkong_flag-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The flag was first officially hoisted on 1 July 1997, in the <a href="/wiki/The_handover_ceremony_of_Hong_Kong_in_1997" class="mw-redirect" title="The handover ceremony of Hong Kong in 1997">handover ceremony</a> marking the transfer of sovereignty from the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> to China.<sup id="cite_ref-HandoverCeremony_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HandoverCeremony-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:368px;max-width:368px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:182px;max-width:182px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/180px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/270px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/360px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:182px;max-width:182px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Macau.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_Macau.svg/180px-Flag_of_Macau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_Macau.svg/270px-Flag_of_Macau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Flag_of_Macau.svg/360px-Flag_of_Macau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption"><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_normal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Normal or de jure version of flag, or obverse side"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/FIAV_normal.svg/23px-FIAV_normal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/FIAV_normal.svg/36px-FIAV_normal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/FIAV_normal.svg/46px-FIAV_normal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> Flags of the <a href="/wiki/Special_administrative_regions_of_China" title="Special administrative regions of China">Special Administrative Regions</a> of <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Hong_Kong" title="Flag of Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> and <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Macau" title="Flag of Macau">Macau</a>.</div></div></div></div> <p>The Regional flag of the Macau Special Administrative Region is "Macau green" with a <a href="/wiki/Nelumbo_nucifera" title="Nelumbo nucifera">lotus</a> flower above a stylized image of the <a href="/wiki/Ponte_Governador_Nobre_de_Carvalho" class="mw-redirect" title="Ponte Governador Nobre de Carvalho">Governor Nobre de Carvalho Bridge</a> and water in white, beneath an arc of five gold, five-pointed stars: one large star in the center of the arc and four smaller ones. The lotus was chosen as the floral emblem of Macau. The Governor Nobre de Carvalho Bridge is a bridge linking the <a href="/wiki/Macau_Peninsula" title="Macau Peninsula">Macau Peninsula</a> and the island of <a href="/wiki/Taipa" title="Taipa">Taipa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bridge is one of the most recognizable landmarks of the territory. The water beneath the lotus and the bridge symbolize Macau's position as a port and its role played in the territory. The five five-pointed stars echo the design of the national flag, symbolizing the relationship Macau has with its mother country.<sup id="cite_ref-ambiente_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ambiente-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The design was chosen on 15 January 1993 by a committee that was drafting the <a href="/wiki/Basic_Law_of_Macau" class="mw-redirect" title="Basic Law of Macau">Basic Law</a> for the Macau SAR and was formally adopted by the Macau SAR Preparatory Committee on 16 January 1999.<sup id="cite_ref-macauadopt_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-macauadopt-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The flag was first officially hoisted on 20 December 1999, in the <a href="/wiki/Transfer_of_sovereignty_over_Macau" class="mw-redirect" title="Transfer of sovereignty over Macau">handover ceremony</a> marking the transfer of sovereignty from <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> to China.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Military_flags">Military flags</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_China&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Military flags"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="Flag of the People's Liberation Army">Flag of the People's Liberation Army</a></div> <p>There are six flags that are used by the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="People's Liberation Army">People's Liberation Army</a> (PLA). The main feature of these flags is a golden star at the top left corner and two Chinese characters "<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">八一</span></span>" to the right of the star, all placed on a red background. The characters "<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">八一</span></span>" (literally "eight one") pay homage to the <a href="/wiki/Nanchang_uprising" title="Nanchang uprising">events</a> on 1 August 1927 (8th month, 1st day); this was when the PLA was created by the CCP to start their rebellion against the <a href="/wiki/Kuomintang" title="Kuomintang">Kuomintang</a> Government in <a href="/wiki/Nanchang" title="Nanchang">Nanchang</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The main flag of the PLA was created on 15 June 1949 by a decree issued from Mao.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The flag has a ratio of 5 by 4, which has a white sleeve measuring <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">16</span></span> of the flag's length. For ceremonies, a PLA flag with golden fringe is placed on a pole with gold and red spiral stripes and topped with a golden finial and red tassel.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each branch of the PLA, the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Ground_Force" title="People's Liberation Army Ground Force">Ground Forces</a>, <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Navy" title="People's Liberation Army Navy">Navy</a>, <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Air_Force" title="People's Liberation Army Air Force">Air Force</a> and <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Rocket_Force" title="People's Liberation Army Rocket Force">Rocket Force</a>, also have their own flags to use. In a 1992 order, the flags of the three branches were defined. The top <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">5</span>⁄<span class="den">8</span></span> of the flags is the same as the PLA flag; the bottom <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">3</span>⁄<span class="den">8</span></span> are occupied by the colors of the branches.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The flag of the Ground Forces has a forest green bar at the bottom, the naval ensign has stripes of blue and white at the bottom, the Air Force uses a sky blue bar and the Rocket Force uses a yellow bar at the bottom. The forest green represents the earth, the blue and white stripes represent the seas, the sky blue represents the air and the yellow represents the flare of missile launching.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 10 January 2018, the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Armed_Police" title="People's Armed Police">People's Armed Police</a> received a new flag following the design of the PLA branch flags with three olive stripes at the bottom.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1248256098"><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="title"><div>Military flags</div></div><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-nolines nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 145px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 140px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_People%27s_Liberation_Army.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="People's Liberation Army"><img alt="A golden star, along with three Chinese characters, placed on a red background." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Liberation_Army.svg/140px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Liberation_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Liberation_Army.svg/210px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Liberation_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Liberation_Army.svg/280px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Liberation_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_001000.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="War flag"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/FIAV_001000.svg/23px-FIAV_001000.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/FIAV_001000.svg/35px-FIAV_001000.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/FIAV_001000.svg/46px-FIAV_001000.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="210" /></a></span><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_normal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Normal or de jure version of flag, or obverse side"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/FIAV_normal.svg/23px-FIAV_normal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/FIAV_normal.svg/36px-FIAV_normal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/FIAV_normal.svg/46px-FIAV_normal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="People's Liberation Army">People's Liberation Army</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 145px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 140px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ground_Force_Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ground Force"><img alt="A golden star, along with three Chinese characters, placed on a red background. At the bottom of a flag is a green bar." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Ground_Force_Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/140px-Ground_Force_Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Ground_Force_Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/210px-Ground_Force_Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Ground_Force_Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/280px-Ground_Force_Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_001000.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="War flag"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/FIAV_001000.svg/23px-FIAV_001000.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/FIAV_001000.svg/35px-FIAV_001000.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/FIAV_001000.svg/46px-FIAV_001000.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="210" /></a></span><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_normal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Normal or de jure version of flag, or obverse side"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/FIAV_normal.svg/23px-FIAV_normal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/FIAV_normal.svg/36px-FIAV_normal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/FIAV_normal.svg/46px-FIAV_normal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Ground_Force" title="People's Liberation Army Ground Force">Ground Force</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 145px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 140px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Naval_Ensign_of_China.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Navy"><img alt="A golden star, along with three Chinese characters, placed on a red background. At the bottom of a flag are stripes of blue, white, blue, white and blue." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Naval_Ensign_of_China.svg/140px-Naval_Ensign_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Naval_Ensign_of_China.svg/210px-Naval_Ensign_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Naval_Ensign_of_China.svg/280px-Naval_Ensign_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_001001.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="War flag and ensign"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_001001.svg/23px-FIAV_001001.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_001001.svg/35px-FIAV_001001.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_001001.svg/46px-FIAV_001001.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="210" /></a></span><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_normal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Normal or de jure version of flag, or obverse side"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/FIAV_normal.svg/23px-FIAV_normal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/FIAV_normal.svg/36px-FIAV_normal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/FIAV_normal.svg/46px-FIAV_normal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Navy" title="People's Liberation Army Navy">Navy</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 145px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 140px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Air_Force_Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Air Force"><img alt="A golden star, along with three Chinese characters, placed on a red background. At the bottom of a flag is a sky blue bar." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Air_Force_Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/140px-Air_Force_Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Air_Force_Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/210px-Air_Force_Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Air_Force_Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/280px-Air_Force_Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_001000.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="War flag"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/FIAV_001000.svg/23px-FIAV_001000.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/FIAV_001000.svg/35px-FIAV_001000.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/FIAV_001000.svg/46px-FIAV_001000.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="210" /></a></span><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_normal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Normal or de jure version of flag, or obverse side"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/FIAV_normal.svg/23px-FIAV_normal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/FIAV_normal.svg/36px-FIAV_normal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/FIAV_normal.svg/46px-FIAV_normal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Air_Force" title="People's Liberation Army Air Force">Air Force</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 145px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 140px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rocket_Force_Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rocket Force"><img alt="A golden star, along with three Chinese characters, placed on a red background. At the bottom of a flag is a yellow bar." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Rocket_Force_Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/140px-Rocket_Force_Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Rocket_Force_Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/210px-Rocket_Force_Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Rocket_Force_Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/280px-Rocket_Force_Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_001000.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="War flag"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/FIAV_001000.svg/23px-FIAV_001000.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/FIAV_001000.svg/35px-FIAV_001000.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/FIAV_001000.svg/46px-FIAV_001000.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="210" /></a></span><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_normal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Normal or de jure version of flag, or obverse side"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/FIAV_normal.svg/23px-FIAV_normal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/FIAV_normal.svg/36px-FIAV_normal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/FIAV_normal.svg/46px-FIAV_normal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Rocket_Force" title="People's Liberation Army Rocket Force">Rocket Force</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 145px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 140px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:People%27s_Armed_Police_Flag.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="People's Armed Police"><img alt="A golden star, along with three Chinese characters, placed on a red background. At the bottom of a flag is 3 green bars." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/People%27s_Armed_Police_Flag.svg/140px-People%27s_Armed_Police_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/People%27s_Armed_Police_Flag.svg/210px-People%27s_Armed_Police_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/People%27s_Armed_Police_Flag.svg/280px-People%27s_Armed_Police_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_001000.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="War flag"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/FIAV_001000.svg/23px-FIAV_001000.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/FIAV_001000.svg/35px-FIAV_001000.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/FIAV_001000.svg/46px-FIAV_001000.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="210" /></a></span><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_normal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Normal or de jure version of flag, or obverse side"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/FIAV_normal.svg/23px-FIAV_normal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/FIAV_normal.svg/36px-FIAV_normal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/FIAV_normal.svg/46px-FIAV_normal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Armed_Police" title="People's Armed Police">People's Armed Police</a></div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="CCP_flags">CCP flags</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_China&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: CCP flags"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Emblem of the Chinese Communist Party">Emblem of the Chinese Communist Party</a></div> <p>After the CCP was founded in 1920, various sections of the party made flags based on what the <a href="/wiki/Bolshevik" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolshevik">Bolsheviks</a> used, producing various designs and patterns. The current flag of the CCP was not created until 28 April 1942. On that date, the CCP Central Committee Political Bureau issued a decree announcing the flag and the pattern it should follow.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The design was further defined in the CCP Constitution in 1996.<sup id="cite_ref-cpcflagcon_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cpcflagcon-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The flag has a red background that is charged with the emblem of the CCP in gold at the top left corner.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The flag ratio is defined as two by three (24×36 units); the size of the emblem is eight units square, placed four units away from the hoist and three units away from the top of the flag.<sup id="cite_ref-cpcflagcon_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cpcflagcon-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The flag of the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Youth_League_of_China" title="Communist Youth League of China">Communist Youth League of China</a> was adopted on 4 May 1950. The design of the flag consists of the group emblem, a gold star surrounded by a ring of gold, charged on a red field. The construction of the flag consists of making the top hoist portion of the flag into twelve by eighteen units, placing the emblem in the middle of that rectangle. The radius of the emblem is four units.<sup id="cite_ref-cylcflag_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cylcflag-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Young_Pioneers_of_China" title="Young Pioneers of China">Young Pioneers of China</a> currently uses two flags. The first flag is for pioneer battalions. The length of this flag is 90 centimeters (35 in); its width,120 centimeters (47 in). A golden badge of the Young Pioneers is placed in the center of the flag. However, for a company, a second, modified flag is used. The flag has a length of 60 centimeters (24 in) and a width of 80 centimeters (31 in). A 20 centimeters (7.9 in) triangle is cut out of the fly edge of the flag and the golden emblem is shifted closer towards the hoist.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1248256098"><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="title"><div>Organizational flags</div></div><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-nolines nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 145px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 140px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chinese Communist Party"><img alt="A golden, crossed, hammer and sickle placed on a red background." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party.svg/140px-Flag_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party.svg/210px-Flag_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party.svg/280px-Flag_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_010000.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="State flag"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/FIAV_010000.svg/23px-FIAV_010000.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/FIAV_010000.svg/35px-FIAV_010000.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/FIAV_010000.svg/46px-FIAV_010000.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="210" /></a></span><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_normal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Normal or de jure version of flag, or obverse side"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/FIAV_normal.svg/23px-FIAV_normal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/FIAV_normal.svg/36px-FIAV_normal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/FIAV_normal.svg/46px-FIAV_normal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 145px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 140px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Communist_Youth_League_of_China.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Communist Youth League of China"><img alt="A golden star placed inside a golden ring, all placed on a red background." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Flag_of_the_Communist_Youth_League_of_China.svg/140px-Flag_of_the_Communist_Youth_League_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Flag_of_the_Communist_Youth_League_of_China.svg/210px-Flag_of_the_Communist_Youth_League_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Flag_of_the_Communist_Youth_League_of_China.svg/280px-Flag_of_the_Communist_Youth_League_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_010000.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="State flag"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/FIAV_010000.svg/23px-FIAV_010000.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/FIAV_010000.svg/35px-FIAV_010000.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/FIAV_010000.svg/46px-FIAV_010000.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="210" /></a></span><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_normal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Normal or de jure version of flag, or obverse side"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/FIAV_normal.svg/23px-FIAV_normal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/FIAV_normal.svg/36px-FIAV_normal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/FIAV_normal.svg/46px-FIAV_normal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Communist_Youth_League_of_China" title="Communist Youth League of China">Communist Youth League of China</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 145px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 140px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%B0%91%E5%B9%B4%E5%85%88%E9%94%8B%E9%98%9F%E9%98%9F%E6%97%97_(%E5%A4%A7%E9%98%9F%E6%97%97).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Young Pioneers of China (Pioneer Battalions)"><img alt="A gold star placed on top of a red torch with a flame, outlined in gold. This is centered on a red background." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%B0%91%E5%B9%B4%E5%85%88%E9%94%8B%E9%98%9F%E9%98%9F%E6%97%97_%28%E5%A4%A7%E9%98%9F%E6%97%97%29.svg/140px-%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%B0%91%E5%B9%B4%E5%85%88%E9%94%8B%E9%98%9F%E9%98%9F%E6%97%97_%28%E5%A4%A7%E9%98%9F%E6%97%97%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%B0%91%E5%B9%B4%E5%85%88%E9%94%8B%E9%98%9F%E9%98%9F%E6%97%97_%28%E5%A4%A7%E9%98%9F%E6%97%97%29.svg/210px-%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%B0%91%E5%B9%B4%E5%85%88%E9%94%8B%E9%98%9F%E9%98%9F%E6%97%97_%28%E5%A4%A7%E9%98%9F%E6%97%97%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%B0%91%E5%B9%B4%E5%85%88%E9%94%8B%E9%98%9F%E9%98%9F%E6%97%97_%28%E5%A4%A7%E9%98%9F%E6%97%97%29.svg/280px-%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%B0%91%E5%B9%B4%E5%85%88%E9%94%8B%E9%98%9F%E9%98%9F%E6%97%97_%28%E5%A4%A7%E9%98%9F%E6%97%97%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_010000.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="State flag"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/FIAV_010000.svg/23px-FIAV_010000.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/FIAV_010000.svg/35px-FIAV_010000.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/FIAV_010000.svg/46px-FIAV_010000.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="210" /></a></span><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_normal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Normal or de jure version of flag, or obverse side"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/FIAV_normal.svg/23px-FIAV_normal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/FIAV_normal.svg/36px-FIAV_normal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/FIAV_normal.svg/46px-FIAV_normal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Young_Pioneers_of_China" title="Young Pioneers of China">Young Pioneers of China (Pioneer Battalions)</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 145px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 140px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%B0%91%E5%B9%B4%E5%85%88%E9%94%8B%E9%98%9F%E9%98%9F%E6%97%97_(%E4%B8%AD%E9%98%9F%E6%97%97).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Young Pioneers of China (Pioneer Companies)"><img alt="A gold star placed on top of a red torch with a flame, outlined in gold. This is placed on a red background, where the right edge has a triangle section cut out." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%B0%91%E5%B9%B4%E5%85%88%E9%94%8B%E9%98%9F%E9%98%9F%E6%97%97_%28%E4%B8%AD%E9%98%9F%E6%97%97%29.svg/140px-%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%B0%91%E5%B9%B4%E5%85%88%E9%94%8B%E9%98%9F%E9%98%9F%E6%97%97_%28%E4%B8%AD%E9%98%9F%E6%97%97%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%B0%91%E5%B9%B4%E5%85%88%E9%94%8B%E9%98%9F%E9%98%9F%E6%97%97_%28%E4%B8%AD%E9%98%9F%E6%97%97%29.svg/210px-%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%B0%91%E5%B9%B4%E5%85%88%E9%94%8B%E9%98%9F%E9%98%9F%E6%97%97_%28%E4%B8%AD%E9%98%9F%E6%97%97%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%B0%91%E5%B9%B4%E5%85%88%E9%94%8B%E9%98%9F%E9%98%9F%E6%97%97_%28%E4%B8%AD%E9%98%9F%E6%97%97%29.svg/280px-%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%B0%91%E5%B9%B4%E5%85%88%E9%94%8B%E9%98%9F%E9%98%9F%E6%97%97_%28%E4%B8%AD%E9%98%9F%E6%97%97%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_010000.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="State flag"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/FIAV_010000.svg/23px-FIAV_010000.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/FIAV_010000.svg/35px-FIAV_010000.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/FIAV_010000.svg/46px-FIAV_010000.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="210" /></a></span><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_normal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Normal or de jure version of flag, or obverse side"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/FIAV_normal.svg/23px-FIAV_normal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/FIAV_normal.svg/36px-FIAV_normal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/FIAV_normal.svg/46px-FIAV_normal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> Young Pioneers of China (Pioneer Companies)</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Customs_flag">Customs flag</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_China&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Customs flag"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Customs_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Flag_of_the_Customs_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/220px-Flag_of_the_Customs_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Flag_of_the_Customs_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/330px-Flag_of_the_Customs_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Flag_of_the_Customs_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/440px-Flag_of_the_Customs_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_010000.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="State flag"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/FIAV_010000.svg/23px-FIAV_010000.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/FIAV_010000.svg/35px-FIAV_010000.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/FIAV_010000.svg/46px-FIAV_010000.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="210" /></a></span><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_normal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Normal or de jure version of flag, or obverse side"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/FIAV_normal.svg/23px-FIAV_normal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/FIAV_normal.svg/36px-FIAV_normal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/FIAV_normal.svg/46px-FIAV_normal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> Customs flag of China</figcaption></figure> <p>The customs flag is the Chinese national flag with the emblem of customs at the lower right corner, which consists of a golden key and the <a href="/wiki/Caduceus" title="Caduceus">Caduceus</a> of <a href="/wiki/Hermes" title="Hermes">Hermes</a>, crossing each other. The current customs flag was officially adopted on 1 October 1953. The customs flag should be hung at the bow of the customs vessel.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical_and_foreign-influenced_flags">Historical and foreign-influenced flags</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_China&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Historical and foreign-influenced flags"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a more comprehensive list, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_flags" title="List of Chinese flags">List of Chinese flags</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1248256098"><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="title"><div>Historical flags</div></div><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-nolines nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 145px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 140px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_China_(1862%E2%80%931889).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of the Qing dynasty (1862–1889)"><img alt="Flag of the Qing dynasty (1862–1889)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_China_%281862%E2%80%931889%29.svg/140px-Flag_of_China_%281862%E2%80%931889%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_China_%281862%E2%80%931889%29.svg/210px-Flag_of_China_%281862%E2%80%931889%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_China_%281862%E2%80%931889%29.svg/280px-Flag_of_China_%281862%E2%80%931889%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="870" data-file-height="560" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_historical.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vexillological description"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/23px-FIAV_historical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/36px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/46px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Qing_dynasty" title="Flag of the Qing dynasty">Flag of the Qing dynasty</a> (1862–1889)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 145px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 140px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_China_(1889%E2%80%931912).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of the Qing dynasty (1889–1912)"><img alt="Flag of the Qing dynasty (1889–1912)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Flag_of_China_%281889%E2%80%931912%29.svg/140px-Flag_of_China_%281889%E2%80%931912%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Flag_of_China_%281889%E2%80%931912%29.svg/210px-Flag_of_China_%281889%E2%80%931912%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Flag_of_China_%281889%E2%80%931912%29.svg/280px-Flag_of_China_%281889%E2%80%931912%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_historical.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vexillological description"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/23px-FIAV_historical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/36px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/46px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> Flag of the <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a> (1889–1912)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 145px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 140px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931928).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of the Republic of China (1912–1928), representing the Five Races Under One Union principle"><img alt="Flag of the Republic of China (1912–1928), representing the Five Races Under One Union principle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_China_%281912%E2%80%931928%29.svg/140px-Flag_of_China_%281912%E2%80%931928%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_China_%281912%E2%80%931928%29.svg/210px-Flag_of_China_%281912%E2%80%931928%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_China_%281912%E2%80%931928%29.svg/280px-Flag_of_China_%281912%E2%80%931928%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_historical.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vexillological description"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/23px-FIAV_historical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/36px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/46px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> Flag of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">Republic of China</a> (1912–1928), representing the <a href="/wiki/Five_Races_Under_One_Union" title="Five Races Under One Union">Five Races Under One Union</a> principle</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 145px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 140px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Empire_of_China_(1915%E2%80%931916).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="National flag of Empire of China 1916"><img alt="National flag of Empire of China 1916" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_Empire_of_China_%281915%E2%80%931916%29.svg/140px-Flag_of_the_Empire_of_China_%281915%E2%80%931916%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_Empire_of_China_%281915%E2%80%931916%29.svg/210px-Flag_of_the_Empire_of_China_%281915%E2%80%931916%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_Empire_of_China_%281915%E2%80%931916%29.svg/280px-Flag_of_the_Empire_of_China_%281915%E2%80%931916%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="625" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_historical.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vexillological description"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/23px-FIAV_historical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/36px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/46px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> National flag of <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_China_(1915%E2%80%931916)" title="Empire of China (1915–1916)">Empire of China</a> 1916</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 145px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 140px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of the Republic of China (1928–present)"><img alt="Flag of the Republic of China (1928–present)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/140px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/210px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/280px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Flag of the Republic of China">Flag of the Republic of China</a> (1928–present)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 145px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 140px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China_Army.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of the National Revolutionary Army (1928–1947) and the flag of the Republic of China Army (1947–present)"><img alt="Flag of the National Revolutionary Army (1928–1947) and the flag of the Republic of China Army (1947–present)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China_Army.svg/140px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China_Army.svg/210px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China_Army.svg/280px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Flag of the <a href="/wiki/National_Revolutionary_Army" title="National Revolutionary Army">National Revolutionary Army</a> (1928–1947) and the flag of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_Army" title="Republic of China Army">Republic of China Army</a> (1947–present)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 145px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 140px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Naval_Jack_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of the Kuomintang and the naval jack of the Republic of China Navy (1947–present)"><img alt="Flag of the Kuomintang and the naval jack of the Republic of China Navy (1947–present)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Naval_Jack_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/140px-Naval_Jack_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Naval_Jack_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/210px-Naval_Jack_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Naval_Jack_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/280px-Naval_Jack_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Flag of the <a href="/wiki/Kuomintang" title="Kuomintang">Kuomintang</a> and the naval jack of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_Navy" title="Republic of China Navy">Republic of China Navy</a> (1947–present)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 145px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 140px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Chinese_Taipei_for_Olympic_games.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Chinese Taipei used by ROC (1984–present)"><img alt="Flag of Chinese Taipei used by ROC (1984–present)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_Chinese_Taipei_for_Olympic_games.svg/140px-Flag_of_Chinese_Taipei_for_Olympic_games.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_Chinese_Taipei_for_Olympic_games.svg/210px-Flag_of_Chinese_Taipei_for_Olympic_games.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_Chinese_Taipei_for_Olympic_games.svg/280px-Flag_of_Chinese_Taipei_for_Olympic_games.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Taipei_Olympic_flag" title="Chinese Taipei Olympic flag">Flag of Chinese Taipei</a> used by ROC (1984–present)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 145px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 140px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Flag_of_Chinese_Soviet_Republic.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of the Chinese Soviet Republic (1931–1937)"><img alt="Flag of the Chinese Soviet Republic (1931–1937)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/National_Flag_of_Chinese_Soviet_Republic.svg/140px-National_Flag_of_Chinese_Soviet_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/National_Flag_of_Chinese_Soviet_Republic.svg/210px-National_Flag_of_Chinese_Soviet_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/National_Flag_of_Chinese_Soviet_Republic.svg/280px-National_Flag_of_Chinese_Soviet_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_historical.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vexillological description"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/23px-FIAV_historical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/36px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/46px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> Flag of the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Soviet_Republic" title="Chinese Soviet Republic">Chinese Soviet Republic</a> (1931–1937)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 145px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 140px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party_(Pre-1996).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of the Chinese Communist Party before 1996"><img alt="Flag of the Chinese Communist Party before 1996" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party_%28Pre-1996%29.svg/140px-Flag_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party_%28Pre-1996%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party_%28Pre-1996%29.svg/210px-Flag_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party_%28Pre-1996%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party_%28Pre-1996%29.svg/280px-Flag_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party_%28Pre-1996%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_historical.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vexillological description"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/23px-FIAV_historical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/36px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/46px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> Flag of the Chinese Communist Party before 1996</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 145px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 140px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Second_War_Flag_of_Chinese_Soviet_Republic.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="War flag of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army"><img alt="War flag of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Second_War_Flag_of_Chinese_Soviet_Republic.svg/140px-Second_War_Flag_of_Chinese_Soviet_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Second_War_Flag_of_Chinese_Soviet_Republic.svg/210px-Second_War_Flag_of_Chinese_Soviet_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Second_War_Flag_of_Chinese_Soviet_Republic.svg/280px-Second_War_Flag_of_Chinese_Soviet_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="648" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_historical.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vexillological description"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/23px-FIAV_historical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/36px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/46px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> War flag of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 145px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 140px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China-Nanjing_(Peace,_Anti-Communism,_National_Construction).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="The flag of the Reorganized National Government of the Republic of China, a Japanese puppet state during World War II, was based on the Flag of the Republic of China."><img alt="The flag of the Reorganized National Government of the Republic of China, a Japanese puppet state during World War II, was based on the Flag of the Republic of China." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China-Nanjing_%28Peace%2C_Anti-Communism%2C_National_Construction%29.svg/131px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China-Nanjing_%28Peace%2C_Anti-Communism%2C_National_Construction%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="131" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China-Nanjing_%28Peace%2C_Anti-Communism%2C_National_Construction%29.svg/196px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China-Nanjing_%28Peace%2C_Anti-Communism%2C_National_Construction%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China-Nanjing_%28Peace%2C_Anti-Communism%2C_National_Construction%29.svg/262px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China-Nanjing_%28Peace%2C_Anti-Communism%2C_National_Construction%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="587" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_historical.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vexillological description"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/23px-FIAV_historical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/36px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/46px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> The <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Wang_Jingwei_regime" title="Flag of Wang Jingwei regime">flag</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Wang_Jingwei_regime" title="Wang Jingwei regime">Reorganized National Government of the Republic of China</a>, a <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_War_II_puppet_states#Japan" title="List of World War II puppet states">Japanese puppet state</a> during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, was based on the Flag of the Republic of China.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 145px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 140px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Manchukuo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="National flag of Manchukuo (1932–1945)"><img alt="National flag of Manchukuo (1932–1945)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Manchukuo.svg/140px-Flag_of_Manchukuo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Manchukuo.svg/210px-Flag_of_Manchukuo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Flag_of_Manchukuo.svg/280px-Flag_of_Manchukuo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_historical.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vexillological description"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/23px-FIAV_historical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/36px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/46px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Manchukuo" title="Flag of Manchukuo">National flag of Manchukuo</a> (1932–1945)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 145px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 140px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Russia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Russian flag used in Dalian (1895–1905)"><img alt="Russian flag used in Dalian (1895–1905)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/140px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/210px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/280px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_historical.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vexillological description"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/23px-FIAV_historical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/36px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/46px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Russia" title="Flag of Russia">Russian flag</a> used in <a href="/wiki/Russian_Dalian" title="Russian Dalian">Dalian</a> (1895–1905)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 145px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 140px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_(1936_%E2%80%93_1955).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Soviet flag used in Dalian, Chinese Eastern Railway and its occupation of Manchuria (1945–1946)"><img alt="Soviet flag used in Dalian, Chinese Eastern Railway and its occupation of Manchuria (1945–1946)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/140px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/210px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/280px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_historical.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vexillological description"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/23px-FIAV_historical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/36px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/46px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Flag of the Soviet Union">Soviet flag</a> used in <a href="/wiki/Dalian" title="Dalian">Dalian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Eastern_Railway" title="Chinese Eastern Railway">Chinese Eastern Railway</a> and <a href="/wiki/Soviet_occupation_of_Manchuria" title="Soviet occupation of Manchuria">its occupation of Manchuria</a> (1945–1946)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 145px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 140px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Japan_(1870%E2%80%931999).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Imperial Japanese flag used in Kwantung Leased Territory (1905–1945), Taiwan (1895–1945) and occupied parts of southeastern China (1937–1945)"><img alt="Imperial Japanese flag used in Kwantung Leased Territory (1905–1945), Taiwan (1895–1945) and occupied parts of southeastern China (1937–1945)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/140px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/210px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/280px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_historical.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vexillological description"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/23px-FIAV_historical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/36px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/46px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Japan" title="Flag of Japan">Imperial Japanese flag</a> used in <a href="/wiki/Kwantung_Leased_Territory" title="Kwantung Leased Territory">Kwantung Leased Territory</a> (1905–1945), <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_under_Japanese_rule" title="Taiwan under Japanese rule">Taiwan</a> (1895–1945) and occupied parts of southeastern China (1937–1945)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 145px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 140px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_CER_(1897).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of the Chinese Eastern Railway used in 1897–1915"><img alt="Flag of the Chinese Eastern Railway used in 1897–1915" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_CER_%281897%29.svg/140px-Flag_of_CER_%281897%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_CER_%281897%29.svg/210px-Flag_of_CER_%281897%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_CER_%281897%29.svg/280px-Flag_of_CER_%281897%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="870" data-file-height="560" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_historical.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vexillological description"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/23px-FIAV_historical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/36px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/46px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> Flag of the Chinese Eastern Railway used in 1897–1915</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 145px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 140px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_CERSC.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Chinese Eastern Railway Shipping Company"><img alt="Flag of Chinese Eastern Railway Shipping Company" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Flag_of_CERSC.svg/140px-Flag_of_CERSC.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Flag_of_CERSC.svg/210px-Flag_of_CERSC.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Flag_of_CERSC.svg/280px-Flag_of_CERSC.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="870" data-file-height="560" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_historical.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vexillological description"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/23px-FIAV_historical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/36px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/46px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> Flag of Chinese Eastern Railway Shipping Company</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 145px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 140px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_CER_(1915).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of the Chinese Eastern Railway used in 1915–1925"><img alt="Flag of the Chinese Eastern Railway used in 1915–1925" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_CER_%281915%29.svg/140px-Flag_of_CER_%281915%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_CER_%281915%29.svg/210px-Flag_of_CER_%281915%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_CER_%281915%29.svg/280px-Flag_of_CER_%281915%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_historical.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vexillological description"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/23px-FIAV_historical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/36px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/46px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> Flag of the Chinese Eastern Railway used in 1915–1925</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 145px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 140px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_CER_(1925).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of the Chinese Eastern Railway used in 1925–1932"><img alt="Flag of the Chinese Eastern Railway used in 1925–1932" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Flag_of_CER_%281925%29.svg/140px-Flag_of_CER_%281925%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Flag_of_CER_%281925%29.svg/210px-Flag_of_CER_%281925%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Flag_of_CER_%281925%29.svg/280px-Flag_of_CER_%281925%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1880" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_historical.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vexillological description"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/23px-FIAV_historical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/36px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/46px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> Flag of the Chinese Eastern Railway used in 1925–1932</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 145px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 140px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_CER_(1932).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of the Chinese Eastern Railway used in 1932–1935"><img alt="Flag of the Chinese Eastern Railway used in 1932–1935" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_CER_%281932%29.svg/140px-Flag_of_CER_%281932%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_CER_%281932%29.svg/210px-Flag_of_CER_%281932%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_CER_%281932%29.svg/280px-Flag_of_CER_%281932%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1883" data-file-height="1201" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_historical.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vexillological description"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/23px-FIAV_historical.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/36px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/FIAV_historical.svg/46px-FIAV_historical.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> Flag of the Chinese Eastern Railway used in 1932–1935</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_China&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1248256098"><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="title"><div>Flags in use</div></div><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Boeing_747-4J6_Air_China_B-2447_(7288535966).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The PRC flag on an Air China Boeing 747-400."><img alt="The PRC flag on an Air China Boeing 747-400." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Boeing_747-4J6_Air_China_B-2447_%287288535966%29.jpg/180px-Boeing_747-4J6_Air_China_B-2447_%287288535966%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Boeing_747-4J6_Air_China_B-2447_%287288535966%29.jpg/270px-Boeing_747-4J6_Air_China_B-2447_%287288535966%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Boeing_747-4J6_Air_China_B-2447_%287288535966%29.jpg/360px-Boeing_747-4J6_Air_China_B-2447_%287288535966%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The PRC flag on an <a href="/wiki/Air_China" title="Air China">Air China</a> <a href="/wiki/Boeing_747-400" title="Boeing 747-400">Boeing 747-400</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Yao_Ming_with_the_Chinese_flag_2008_Summer_Olympics_-_Opening_Ceremony.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Yao Ming holding the PRC flag during the 2008 Summer Olympics Parade of Nations."><img alt="Yao Ming holding the PRC flag during the 2008 Summer Olympics Parade of Nations." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Yao_Ming_with_the_Chinese_flag_2008_Summer_Olympics_-_Opening_Ceremony.jpg/120px-Yao_Ming_with_the_Chinese_flag_2008_Summer_Olympics_-_Opening_Ceremony.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Yao_Ming_with_the_Chinese_flag_2008_Summer_Olympics_-_Opening_Ceremony.jpg/179px-Yao_Ming_with_the_Chinese_flag_2008_Summer_Olympics_-_Opening_Ceremony.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Yao_Ming_with_the_Chinese_flag_2008_Summer_Olympics_-_Opening_Ceremony.jpg/239px-Yao_Ming_with_the_Chinese_flag_2008_Summer_Olympics_-_Opening_Ceremony.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2832" data-file-height="4256" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Yao_Ming" title="Yao Ming">Yao Ming</a> holding the PRC flag during the <a href="/wiki/2008_Summer_Olympics" title="2008 Summer Olympics">2008 Summer Olympics</a> Parade of Nations.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%9B%BD%E6%97%97_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="PRC flag flying in the middle of Tiananmen Square."><img alt="PRC flag flying in the middle of Tiananmen Square." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/%E5%9B%BD%E6%97%97_-_panoramio.jpg/135px-%E5%9B%BD%E6%97%97_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/%E5%9B%BD%E6%97%97_-_panoramio.jpg/202px-%E5%9B%BD%E6%97%97_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/%E5%9B%BD%E6%97%97_-_panoramio.jpg/270px-%E5%9B%BD%E6%97%97_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">PRC flag flying in the middle of <a href="/wiki/Tiananmen_Square" title="Tiananmen Square">Tiananmen Square</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2012_Anti-Japan_demonstrations2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Protesters waving PRC and ROC flags during an anti-Japan demonstration in Hong Kong in 2012."><img alt="Protesters waving PRC and ROC flags during an anti-Japan demonstration in Hong Kong in 2012." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/2012_Anti-Japan_demonstrations2.jpg/180px-2012_Anti-Japan_demonstrations2.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/2012_Anti-Japan_demonstrations2.jpg/270px-2012_Anti-Japan_demonstrations2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/2012_Anti-Japan_demonstrations2.jpg/360px-2012_Anti-Japan_demonstrations2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1844" data-file-height="1228" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Protesters waving PRC and ROC flags during an <a href="/wiki/2012_China_anti-Japanese_demonstrations" class="mw-redirect" title="2012 China anti-Japanese demonstrations">anti-Japan demonstration</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> in 2012.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2015_China_Victory_Day_Parade_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of the PRC flying in the 2015 Victory Day Parade."><img alt="Flag of the PRC flying in the 2015 Victory Day Parade." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/2015_China_Victory_Day_Parade_%281%29.jpg/180px-2015_China_Victory_Day_Parade_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/2015_China_Victory_Day_Parade_%281%29.jpg/270px-2015_China_Victory_Day_Parade_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/2015_China_Victory_Day_Parade_%281%29.jpg/360px-2015_China_Victory_Day_Parade_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="885" data-file-height="589" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Flag of the PRC flying in the <a href="/wiki/2015_China_Victory_Day_Parade" title="2015 China Victory Day Parade">2015 Victory Day Parade</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chinese_Embassy_in_Nuku%27alofa.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="PRC embassy in Nuku'alofa, Tonga with its national flag."><img alt="PRC embassy in Nuku'alofa, Tonga with its national flag." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/44/Chinese_Embassy_in_Nuku%27alofa.jpg/180px-Chinese_Embassy_in_Nuku%27alofa.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/44/Chinese_Embassy_in_Nuku%27alofa.jpg/270px-Chinese_Embassy_in_Nuku%27alofa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/44/Chinese_Embassy_in_Nuku%27alofa.jpg/360px-Chinese_Embassy_in_Nuku%27alofa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1152" data-file-height="864" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">PRC embassy in <a href="/wiki/Nuku%27alofa" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuku'alofa">Nuku'alofa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a> with its national flag.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:March_of_Nations.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Chinese delegates with the PRC flag marching into the stadium for the World Sports Festival."><img alt="Chinese delegates with the PRC flag marching into the stadium for the World Sports Festival." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/March_of_Nations.JPG/180px-March_of_Nations.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/March_of_Nations.JPG/270px-March_of_Nations.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/March_of_Nations.JPG/360px-March_of_Nations.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3691" data-file-height="2761" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Chinese delegates with the PRC flag marching into the stadium for the World Sports Festival.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HKSM_%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E9%A4%A8_Hong_Kong_Space_Museum_Astronaut_blue_uniform_Shen_Zhou_logo_n_RPChina_red_flag_Jan-2013.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The PRC flag on the uniform of Shenzhou 5 spaceflight mission."><img alt="The PRC flag on the uniform of Shenzhou 5 spaceflight mission." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/HKSM_%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E9%A4%A8_Hong_Kong_Space_Museum_Astronaut_blue_uniform_Shen_Zhou_logo_n_RPChina_red_flag_Jan-2013.JPG/180px-HKSM_%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E9%A4%A8_Hong_Kong_Space_Museum_Astronaut_blue_uniform_Shen_Zhou_logo_n_RPChina_red_flag_Jan-2013.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/HKSM_%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E9%A4%A8_Hong_Kong_Space_Museum_Astronaut_blue_uniform_Shen_Zhou_logo_n_RPChina_red_flag_Jan-2013.JPG/270px-HKSM_%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E9%A4%A8_Hong_Kong_Space_Museum_Astronaut_blue_uniform_Shen_Zhou_logo_n_RPChina_red_flag_Jan-2013.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/HKSM_%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E9%A4%A8_Hong_Kong_Space_Museum_Astronaut_blue_uniform_Shen_Zhou_logo_n_RPChina_red_flag_Jan-2013.JPG/360px-HKSM_%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E9%A4%A8_Hong_Kong_Space_Museum_Astronaut_blue_uniform_Shen_Zhou_logo_n_RPChina_red_flag_Jan-2013.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1936" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The PRC flag on the uniform of <a href="/wiki/Shenzhou_5" title="Shenzhou 5">Shenzhou 5</a> spaceflight mission.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Guy_with_a_large_PRC_flag_running_along_side_of_torch_20080409.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A man in San Francisco holding the PRC flag during the torch relay for the 2008 Summer Olympics."><img alt="A man in San Francisco holding the PRC flag during the torch relay for the 2008 Summer Olympics." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Guy_with_a_large_PRC_flag_running_along_side_of_torch_20080409.jpg/180px-Guy_with_a_large_PRC_flag_running_along_side_of_torch_20080409.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Guy_with_a_large_PRC_flag_running_along_side_of_torch_20080409.jpg/270px-Guy_with_a_large_PRC_flag_running_along_side_of_torch_20080409.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Guy_with_a_large_PRC_flag_running_along_side_of_torch_20080409.jpg/360px-Guy_with_a_large_PRC_flag_running_along_side_of_torch_20080409.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="479" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A man in <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a> holding the PRC flag during the torch relay for the <a href="/wiki/2008_Summer_Olympics" title="2008 Summer Olympics">2008 Summer Olympics</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%B2_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_70-%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B_-_40.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The People's Liberation Army with the PRC banner during the 2015 Moscow Victory Day Parade."><img alt="The People's Liberation Army with the PRC banner during the 2015 Moscow Victory Day Parade." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%B2_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_70-%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B_-_40.jpg/180px-%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%B2_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_70-%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B_-_40.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%B2_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_70-%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B_-_40.jpg/270px-%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%B2_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_70-%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B_-_40.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%B2_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_70-%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B_-_40.jpg/360px-%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%B2_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_70-%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B_-_40.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1880" data-file-height="1160" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="People's Liberation Army">People's Liberation Army</a> with the PRC banner during the <a href="/wiki/2015_Moscow_Victory_Day_Parade" title="2015 Moscow Victory Day Parade">2015 Moscow Victory Day Parade</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%C3%89l%C3%A8ve_chinoise_Polytechnique.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chinese students with the PRC flag at École Polytechnique."><img alt="Chinese students with the PRC flag at École Polytechnique." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/%C3%89l%C3%A8ve_chinoise_Polytechnique.jpg/180px-%C3%89l%C3%A8ve_chinoise_Polytechnique.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/%C3%89l%C3%A8ve_chinoise_Polytechnique.jpg/270px-%C3%89l%C3%A8ve_chinoise_Polytechnique.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/%C3%89l%C3%A8ve_chinoise_Polytechnique.jpg/360px-%C3%89l%C3%A8ve_chinoise_Polytechnique.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Chinese students with the PRC flag at <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_Polytechnique" class="mw-redirect" title="École Polytechnique">École Polytechnique</a></span></span>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Great_Wall_of_China_may_2007.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The flag of the PRC flown on the Great Wall of China."><img alt="The flag of the PRC flown on the Great Wall of China." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Great_Wall_of_China_may_2007.JPG/180px-Great_Wall_of_China_may_2007.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Great_Wall_of_China_may_2007.JPG/270px-Great_Wall_of_China_may_2007.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Great_Wall_of_China_may_2007.JPG/360px-Great_Wall_of_China_may_2007.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The flag of the PRC flown on the <a href="/wiki/Great_Wall_of_China" title="Great Wall of China">Great Wall of China</a>.</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_China&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:China" title="Portal:China">China portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_flag_II.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Red_flag_II.svg/32px-Red_flag_II.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Red_flag_II.svg/48px-Red_flag_II.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Red_flag_II.svg/64px-Red_flag_II.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="411" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Socialism" title="Portal:Socialism">Socialism portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Azure%2C_a_bend_Or.svg/25px-Azure%2C_a_bend_Or.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Azure%2C_a_bend_Or.svg/38px-Azure%2C_a_bend_Or.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Azure%2C_a_bend_Or.svg/51px-Azure%2C_a_bend_Or.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Heraldry" title="Portal:Heraldry">Heraldry portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_flags" title="List of Chinese flags">List of Chinese flags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Emblem of the People's Republic of China">Emblem of the People's Republic of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_of_the_Volunteers" title="March of the Volunteers">March of the Volunteers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Flag of the Republic of China">Flag of the Republic of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_flag_(politics)" title="Red flag (politics)">Red flag</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_China&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_China&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-pla-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pla_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pla_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREF马全洲周凯军2009" class="citation book cs1">马全洲; 周凯军 (1 April 2009). <i>Stories About the National Flag, Emblem and Anthem</i>. Beijing, China: People's Liberation Army Publishing House. p. 1. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-7-5065-5729-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-7-5065-5729-0"><bdi>978-7-5065-5729-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stories+About+the+National+Flag%2C+Emblem+and+Anthem&rft.place=Beijing%2C+China&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=People%27s+Liberation+Army+Publishing+House&rft.date=2009-04-01&rft.isbn=978-7-5065-5729-0&rft.au=%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%A8%E6%B4%B2&rft.au=%E5%91%A8%E5%87%AF%E5%86%9B&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CPC_news-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CPC_news_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CPC_news_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CPC_news_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CPC_news_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120311081440/http://cpc.people.com.cn/GB/64162/64165/70293/70320/4861365.html"><bdi lang="zh">1949年9月27日中华人民共和国国旗诞生</bdi></a> [27 September 1949: The Birth of PRC's Flag]. <i>CPC News</i> (in Simplified Chinese). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cpc.people.com.cn/GB/64162/64165/70293/70320/4861365.html">the original</a> on 11 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 November</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CPC+News&rft.atitle=1949%E5%B9%B49%E6%9C%8827%E6%97%A5+%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E6%97%97%E8%AF%9E%E7%94%9F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcpc.people.com.cn%2FGB%2F64162%2F64165%2F70293%2F70320%2F4861365.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110610153714/http://app.mfa.gov.sg/pr/read_content.asp?View,15231,">"MFA Press Release Admin Page"</a>. 10 June 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://app.mfa.gov.sg/pr/read_content.asp?View,15231,">the original</a> on 10 June 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MFA+Press+Release+Admin+Page&rft.date=2011-06-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fapp.mfa.gov.sg%2Fpr%2Fread_content.asp%3FView%2C15231%2C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091126010654/http://wanqingyuan.com.sg/english/onceupon/spsupp.html">"万圊远 Real Estate – 万圊远 Real Estate"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wanqingyuan.com.sg/">the original</a> on 26 November 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%87%E5%9C%8A%E8%BF%9C+Real+Estate+%E2%80%93+%E4%B8%87%E5%9C%8A%E8%BF%9C+Real+Estate&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwanqingyuan.com.sg%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-army-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-army_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYu-liang1954" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Yu-liang, Tai (23 October 1954). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aiplus.idv.tw/soviet/FARMY.HTM"><bdi lang="zh">中國歷代陸軍旗幟</bdi></a> (in Chinese)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 December</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%AD%B7%E4%BB%A3%E9%99%B8%E8%BB%8D%E6%97%97%E5%B9%9F&rft.date=1954-10-23&rft.aulast=Yu-liang&rft.aufirst=Tai&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aiplus.idv.tw%2Fsoviet%2FFARMY.HTM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-navy-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-navy_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYu-liang1954" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Yu-liang, Tai (23 October 1954). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aiplus.idv.tw/soviet/FNAVY.HTM"><bdi lang="zh">中國歷代海軍旗幟</bdi></a> (in Chinese)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 December</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%AD%B7%E4%BB%A3%E6%B5%B7%E8%BB%8D%E6%97%97%E5%B9%9F&rft.date=1954-10-23&rft.aulast=Yu-liang&rft.aufirst=Tai&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aiplus.idv.tw%2Fsoviet%2FFNAVY.HTM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCheung1995" class="citation journal cs1">Cheung, Andrew (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080226023546/http://www.indiana.edu/~easc/resources/working_paper/noframe_6a_sloga.htm">"Slogans, Symbols, and Legitimacy: The Case of Wang Jingwei's Nanjing Regime"</a>. Working paper. East Asian Working Paper Series on Language and Politics in Modern China. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indiana.edu/~easc/resources/working_paper/noframe_6a_sloga.htm">the original</a> on 26 February 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 July</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Slogans%2C+Symbols%2C+and+Legitimacy%3A+The+Case+of+Wang+Jingwei%27s+Nanjing+Regime&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Cheung&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiana.edu%2F~easc%2Fresources%2Fworking_paper%2Fnoframe_6a_sloga.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+China" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1954law-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1954law_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTai1954" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Tai, Yu-liang (23 October 1954). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.globalflag.idv.tw/wg/gqf.htm"><bdi lang="zh">中華民國國徽國旗法</bdi></a> (in Chinese (Taiwan))<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 December</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E5%BE%BD%E5%9C%8B%E6%97%97%E6%B3%95&rft.date=1954-10-23&rft.aulast=Tai&rft.aufirst=Yu-liang&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalflag.idv.tw%2Fwg%2Fgqf.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gov_news-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gov_news_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gov_news_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081013052258/http://gov.people.com.cn/GB/46743/4889273.html">"Creation of the Flag, Emblem and Anthem of the People's Republic of China"</a>. <i>Chinese Government News</i> (in Chinese (China)). 8 October 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gov.people.com.cn/GB/46743/4889273.html">the original</a> on 13 October 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 November</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chinese+Government+News&rft.atitle=Creation+of+the+Flag%2C+Emblem+and+Anthem+of+the+People%27s+Republic+of+China&rft.date=2006-10-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgov.people.com.cn%2FGB%2F46743%2F4889273.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPCNPCC1949" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">PCNPCC (10 July 1949). <a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/新政治協商會議籌備會爲徵求國旗國徽圖案及國歌辭譜啓事"><bdi lang="zh">新政治協商會議籌備會爲徵求國旗國徽圖案及國歌辭譜啓事</bdi></a> [Notice to Solicit Designs of the National Flag, Emblem and Anthem]. <i>Wikisource</i> (in Traditional Chinese)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 November</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wikisource&rft.atitle=%E6%96%B0%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%8D%94%E5%95%86%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0%E7%B1%8C%E5%82%99%E6%9C%83%E7%88%B2%E5%BE%B5%E6%B1%82%E5%9C%8B%E6%97%97%E5%9C%8B%E5%BE%BD%E5%9C%96%E6%A1%88%E5%8F%8A%E5%9C%8B%E6%AD%8C%E8%BE%AD%E8%AD%9C%E5%95%93%E4%BA%8B&rft.date=1949-07-10&rft.au=PCNPCC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikisource.org%2Fwiki%2F%E6%96%B0%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%8D%94%E5%95%86%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0%E7%B1%8C%E5%82%99%E6%9C%83%E7%88%B2%E5%BE%B5%E6%B1%82%E5%9C%8B%E6%97%97%E5%9C%8B%E5%BE%BD%E5%9C%96%E6%A1%88%E5%8F%8A%E5%9C%8B%E6%AD%8C%E8%BE%AD%E8%AD%9C%E5%95%93%E4%BA%8B&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kong-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kong_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kong_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kong_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kong_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKong1999" class="citation web cs1">Kong, Mark (1 October 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090211184343/http://www.cbw.com/btm/issue71/62-63.html">"The Worker Who Forged the Red Flag"</a>. <i>Beijing This Month</i>. Chinese Business World. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbw.com/btm/issue71/62-63.html">the original</a> on 11 February 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 November</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Beijing+This+Month&rft.atitle=The+Worker+Who+Forged+the+Red+Flag&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.aulast=Kong&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbw.com%2Fbtm%2Fissue71%2F62-63.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-design_participation-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-design_participation_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-design_participation_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChen,_Yu2009" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Chen, Yu (13 August 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110209092035/http://dangshi.people.com.cn/GB/85040/9850276.html">"The National People's active participation in the design within 1 month of flag design up to 2992 candidates"</a>. <i>CPC News</i> (in Chinese). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dangshi.people.com.cn/GB/85040/9850276.html">the original</a> on 9 February 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 November</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CPC+News&rft.atitle=The+National+People%27s+active+participation+in+the+design+within+1+month+of+flag+design+up+to+2992+candidates&rft.date=2009-08-13&rft.au=Chen%2C+Yu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdangshi.people.com.cn%2FGB%2F85040%2F9850276.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-govprcflag-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-govprcflag_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-govprcflag_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191009033643/http://www.gov.cn/test/2005-05/24/content_18247.htm">"National Flag of the People's Republic of China"</a> (in Chinese). Gov.cn. 24 May 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gov.cn/test/2005-05/24/content_18247.htm">the original</a> on 9 October 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Flag+of+the+People%27s+Republic+of+China&rft.pub=Gov.cn&rft.date=2005-05-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.cn%2Ftest%2F2005-05%2F24%2Fcontent_18247.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZhu2008" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Zhu, Weiqun, ed. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100309123221/http://cpc.people.com.cn/GB/64162/82819/121799/index.html">"2, Work of the Preparatory Committee of the New Political Consultative Conference (4)"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cpc.people.com.cn/GB/64162/82819/121799/index.html"><i>1948–2008, Let history tell the future – the CPC Central Committee issued "51 slogan" 60 anniversary</i></a> (in Chinese (China)). China Publishing House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-7-5075-2294-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-7-5075-2294-5"><bdi>978-7-5075-2294-5</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cpc.people.com.cn/GB/64162/82819/121799/121806/7185220.html">the original</a> on 9 March 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 November</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=2%2C+Work+of+the+Preparatory+Committee+of+the+New+Political+Consultative+Conference+%284%29&rft.btitle=1948%E2%80%932008%2C+Let+history+tell+the+future+%E2%80%93+the+CPC+Central+Committee+issued+%2251+slogan%22+60+anniversary&rft.pub=China+Publishing+House&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-7-5075-2294-5&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcpc.people.com.cn%2FGB%2F64162%2F82819%2F121799%2F121806%2F7185220.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-国旗是怎样诞生的-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-国旗是怎样诞生的_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-国旗是怎样诞生的_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBai1999" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bai, Zhi (22 July 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gmw.cn/01wzb/1999-07/22/GB/wzb%5E1664%5E6%5EWZ3-2210.htm">"How Was The National Flag Created?"</a> (in Chinese). Digest News<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 November</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=How+Was+The+National+Flag+Created%3F&rft.date=1999-07-22&rft.aulast=Bai&rft.aufirst=Zhi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gmw.cn%2F01wzb%2F1999-07%2F22%2FGB%2Fwzb%255E1664%255E6%255EWZ3-2210.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTian2009" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Tian, Shuhe (13 February 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190816210904/http://dangshi.people.com.cn/GB/8798903.html">"Zhang Zhizhong and the Birth of the 5 Star Red Flag"</a>. <i>CPC News</i> (in Chinese (China)). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dangshi.people.com.cn/GB/8798903.html">the original</a> on 16 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 November</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CPC+News&rft.atitle=Zhang+Zhizhong+and+the+Birth+of+the+5+Star+Red+Flag&rft.date=2009-02-13&rft.aulast=Tian&rft.aufirst=Shuhe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdangshi.people.com.cn%2FGB%2F8798903.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeng_Guanghan2003" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Peng Guanghan (March 2003). "Witnesses to the Birth of the National Flag". <i>At Home and Overseas</i> (in Chinese). Beijing: The All-China Federation of returned overseas Chinese and overseas Chinese. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1002-3801">1002-3801</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=At+Home+and+Overseas&rft.atitle=Witnesses+to+the+Birth+of+the+National+Flag&rft.date=2003-03&rft.issn=1002-3801&rft.au=Peng+Guanghan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWang_Jianzhu2009" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Wang Jianzhu (9 October 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dangshi.people.com.cn/GB/85039/10163392.html">"Peng Han: the tortuous process of the flag's birth"</a> (in Chinese). CPC News<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 November</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Peng+Han%3A+the+tortuous+process+of+the+flag%27s+birth&rft.date=2009-10-09&rft.au=Wang+Jianzhu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdangshi.people.com.cn%2FGB%2F85039%2F10163392.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://images.china.cn/attachement/jpg/site1000/20090929/000802ab801d0c2c17a32d.jpg">"People's Daily"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(Image)</span> (in Chinese). <b>466</b>. 29 September 1949: 1<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 November</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=People%27s+Daily&rft.volume=466&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1949-09-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fimages.china.cn%2Fattachement%2Fjpg%2Fsite1000%2F20090929%2F000802ab801d0c2c17a32d.jpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+China" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110715140229/http://2008.qq.com/a/20080807/000443.htm">"The first one who stitched the flag of The People's Republic of China – Zhao Wenrui"</a> (in Chinese). QQ.com. 7 August 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://2008.qq.com/a/20080807/000443.htm">the original</a> on 15 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 November</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+first+one+who+stitched+the+flag+of+The+People%27s+Republic+of+China+%E2%80%93+Zhao+Wenrui&rft.date=2008-08-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F2008.qq.com%2Fa%2F20080807%2F000443.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hantailun-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hantailun_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHan_Tailun2000" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Han Tailun (2000). <i>Witnessed the Tiananmen Square</i> (in Chinese). Vol. 3. Xi'an: Shaanxi People's Publishing House. p. 2066. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-7-224-05364-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-7-224-05364-7"><bdi>978-7-224-05364-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Witnessed+the+Tiananmen+Square&rft.place=Xi%27an&rft.pages=2066&rft.pub=Shaanxi+People%27s+Publishing+House&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-7-224-05364-7&rft.au=Han+Tailun&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLin2006" class="citation book cs1">Lin, Chun (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/63178961"><i>The transformation of Chinese socialism</i></a>. Durham [N.C.]: <a href="/wiki/Duke_University_Press" title="Duke University Press">Duke University Press</a>. p. 150. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-3785-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-3785-0"><bdi>978-0-8223-3785-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/63178961">63178961</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+transformation+of+Chinese+socialism&rft.place=Durham+%5BN.C.%5D&rft.pages=150&rft.pub=Duke+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F63178961&rft.isbn=978-0-8223-3785-0&rft.aulast=Lin&rft.aufirst=Chun&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F63178961&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shambaugh-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Shambaugh_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shambaugh_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShambaugh1994" class="citation journal cs1">Shambaugh, David (June 1994). "Book reviews". <i>The China Quarterly</i> (138). <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">CUP</a> for <a href="/wiki/School_of_Oriental_and_African_Studies" class="mw-redirect" title="School of Oriental and African Studies">SOAS</a>: 517–520. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0305741000035876">10.1017/S0305741000035876</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+China+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Book+reviews&rft.issue=138&rft.pages=517-520&rft.date=1994-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0305741000035876&rft.aulast=Shambaugh&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMayall1998" class="citation book cs1">Mayall, James (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/columbiahistoryo0000unse/page/186">"Nationalism"</a>. <i>The Columbia History of the 20th Century</i>. ed. Richard W. Bulliet. <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University_Press" title="Columbia University Press">Columbia University Press</a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/columbiahistoryo0000unse/page/186">186</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-231-07628-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-231-07628-2"><bdi>0-231-07628-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Nationalism&rft.btitle=The+Columbia+History+of+the+20th+Century&rft.pages=186&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-231-07628-2&rft.aulast=Mayall&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcolumbiahistoryo0000unse%2Fpage%2F186&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zarrow-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Zarrow_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZarrow2005" class="citation book cs1">Zarrow, Peter Gue (2005). "Revolution and Civil War". <i>China in War and Revolution, 1895–1949</i>. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. p. 363. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-36448-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-36448-5"><bdi>0-415-36448-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Revolution+and+Civil+War&rft.btitle=China+in+War+and+Revolution%2C+1895%E2%80%931949&rft.pages=363&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-415-36448-5&rft.aulast=Zarrow&rft.aufirst=Peter+Gue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cnflaglaw-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cnflaglaw_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cnflaglaw_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cnflaglaw_26-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110707043738/http://www.zjswb.gov.cn/zjswbcms/view/en/news.jsp?unid=74DA037561CEAB31AF98BE644285D160">"Law About The National Flag of the People's Republic of China"</a>. Zhejiang Provincial Foreign Affairs Office. 1 October 1990. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zjswb.gov.cn/zjswbcms/view/en/news.jsp?unid=74DA037561CEAB31AF98BE644285D160">the original</a> on 7 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 November</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Law+About+The+National+Flag+of+the+People%27s+Republic+of+China&rft.pub=Zhejiang+Provincial+Foreign+Affairs+Office&rft.date=1990-10-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zjswb.gov.cn%2Fzjswbcms%2Fview%2Fen%2Fnews.jsp%3Funid%3D74DA037561CEAB31AF98BE644285D160&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+China" class="Z3988"></span> <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E6%97%97%E6%B3%95" class="extiw" title="zh:s:中华人民共和国国旗法">in Chinese</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-standards-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-standards_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200921002238/http://www.sac.gov.cn/SACSearch/search?channelid=160591&templet=gjcxjg_detail.jsp&searchword=STANDARD_CODE=%2712982%27&XZ=T"><bdi lang="zh">国家标准委标准制修订管理系统</bdi></a>. <i>www.sac.gov.cn</i> (in Chinese (China)). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sac.gov.cn/SACSearch/search?channelid=160591&templet=gjcxjg_detail.jsp&searchword=STANDARD_CODE='12982'&XZ=T">the original</a> on 21 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.sac.gov.cn&rft.atitle=%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E5%A7%94%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E5%88%B6%E4%BF%AE%E8%AE%A2%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sac.gov.cn%2FSACSearch%2Fsearch%3Fchannelid%3D160591%26templet%3Dgjcxjg_detail.jsp%26searchword%3DSTANDARD_CODE%3D%2712982%27%26XZ%3DT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-chinaflagcon-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-chinaflagcon_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181201132404/https://www.protocol.gov.hk/flags/eng/n_flag/spec.html">"Specifications for the National Flag"</a>. Protocol Division, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government of the People's Republic of China. 6 November 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.protocol.gov.hk/flags/eng/n_flag/spec.html">the original</a> on 1 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 November</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Specifications+for+the+National+Flag&rft.pub=Protocol+Division%2C+the+Hong+Kong+Special+Administrative+Region+Government+of+the+People%27s+Republic+of+China&rft.date=2005-11-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.protocol.gov.hk%2Fflags%2Feng%2Fn_flag%2Fspec.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGajanan2016" class="citation news cs1">Gajanan, Mahita (9 August 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/4445373/rio-2016-olympics-china-wrong-flags/">"Olympic Officials Apologize to China for Using the Wrong Flag"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Olympic+Officials+Apologize+to+China+for+Using+the+Wrong+Flag&rft.date=2016-08-09&rft.aulast=Gajanan&rft.aufirst=Mahita&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2F4445373%2Frio-2016-olympics-china-wrong-flags%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190324055249/https://www.protocol.gov.hk/flags/eng/n_flag/standard.html">"Standard Sizes of the National Flag"</a>. Protocol Division, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government of the People's Republic of China. 6 November 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.protocol.gov.hk/flags/eng/n_flag/standard.html">the original</a> on 24 March 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 November</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Standard+Sizes+of+the+National+Flag&rft.pub=Protocol+Division%2C+the+Hong+Kong+Special+Administrative+Region+Government+of+the+People%27s+Republic+of+China&rft.date=2005-11-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.protocol.gov.hk%2Fflags%2Feng%2Fn_flag%2Fstandard.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://m.qizhi147.com/nd.jsp?id=13"><bdi lang="zh">国旗的标准尺寸和国旗每个尺寸的用途介绍</bdi></a> (in Chinese (China)). Shanghai Yingfeng Flag Co. Ltd. 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%9B%BD%E6%97%97%E7%9A%84%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E5%B0%BA%E5%AF%B8%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E6%97%97%E6%AF%8F%E4%B8%AA%E5%B0%BA%E5%AF%B8%E7%9A%84%E7%94%A8%E9%80%94%E4%BB%8B%E7%BB%8D&rft.pub=Shanghai+Yingfeng+Flag+Co.+Ltd&rft.date=2016&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fm.qizhi147.com%2Fnd.jsp%3Fid%3D13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-flagcolor-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-flagcolor_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-flagcolor_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110813212810/http://cnc.zhaobz.com/gb/a/4/zhaobzgb3024coo.rar"><bdi lang="zh">GB 12983-2004 国旗颜色标准样品</bdi></a> [Standard Color Sample of the National Flag] (in Chinese). Standardization Administration of China. 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cnc.zhaobz.com/gb/a/4/zhaobzgb3024coo.rar">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 13 August 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 November</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GB+12983-2004+%E5%9B%BD%E6%97%97%E9%A2%9C%E8%89%B2%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E6%A0%B7%E5%93%81&rft.pub=Standardization+Administration+of+China&rft.date=2004&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcnc.zhaobz.com%2Fgb%2Fa%2F4%2Fzhaobzgb3024coo.rar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210112023540/http://www.npc.gov.cn/npc/gqgggh/202012/84c174f138044a98ba211a15b316ffc4/files/afff82e8be374e8ebbf2f82085c7e971.pdf">Article 9 of the National Flag Law of PRC</a>: "Standard version of national flag image for online usage is released on the website of the National People's Congress and the Government of China. (网络使用的国旗图案标准版本在中国人大网和中国政府网上发布。)"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210105135249/http://www.npc.gov.cn/npc/gqgggh/202012/7ac70d3a4cfb480ea9edc872bdc85578.shtml">National Flag Image for Online Usage, National People's Congress of PRC</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://emojipedia.org/flag-for-china/">"🇨🇳 Flag for China Emoji"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%F0%9F%87%A8%F0%9F%87%B3+Flag+for+China+Emoji&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Femojipedia.org%2Fflag-for-china%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100803234710/http://www.cecc.gov/pages/newLaws/criminalLawENG.php">"Congressional-Executive Commission on China"</a>. <i>www.cecc.gov</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cecc.gov/">the original</a> on 3 August 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cecc.gov&rft.atitle=Congressional-Executive+Commission+on+China&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cecc.gov%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWang2022" class="citation news cs1">Wang, Ann (1 October 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/flag-raisings-burnings-taiwan-some-mark-chinas-national-day-2022-10-01/">"Flag raisings and burnings in Taiwan as some mark China's national day"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Flag+raisings+and+burnings+in+Taiwan+as+some+mark+China%27s+national+day&rft.date=2022-10-01&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Ann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fasia-pacific%2Fflag-raisings-burnings-taiwan-some-mark-chinas-national-day-2022-10-01%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hklii.org/eng/hk/legis/instrument/A401/">"Hong Kong Constitutional Instruments"</a>. <i>Hong Kong Legal Information Institute</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hong+Kong+Legal+Information+Institute&rft.atitle=Hong+Kong+Constitutional+Instruments&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hklii.org%2Feng%2Fhk%2Flegis%2Finstrument%2FA401%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCheung2017" class="citation news cs1">Cheung, Karen (29 September 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hongkongfp.com/2017/09/29/breaking-civic-passion-lawmaker-cheng-chung-tai-found-guilty-desecrating-flags-legislative-session/">"Civic Passion lawmaker Cheng Chung-tai found guilty of 'desecrating' flags during legislative session"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Free_Press" title="Hong Kong Free Press">Hong Kong Free Press</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hong+Kong+Free+Press&rft.atitle=Civic+Passion+lawmaker+Cheng+Chung-tai+found+guilty+of+%27desecrating%27+flags+during+legislative+session&rft.date=2017-09-29&rft.aulast=Cheung&rft.aufirst=Karen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hongkongfp.com%2F2017%2F09%2F29%2Fbreaking-civic-passion-lawmaker-cheng-chung-tai-found-guilty-desecrating-flags-legislative-session%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/中共中央办公厅、国务院办公厅关于禁止自行制作和使用地方旗、徽的通知">"CPC Central Committee and State Council Notice On the Prohibition of the Creation and Use of Civic Flags"</a>. Wikisource. 18 November 1997<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CPC+Central+Committee+and+State+Council+Notice+On+the+Prohibition+of+the+Creation+and+Use+of+Civic+Flags&rft.pub=Wikisource&rft.date=1997-11-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikisource.org%2Fwiki%2F%E4%B8%AD%E5%85%B1%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E5%8A%9E%E5%85%AC%E5%8E%85%E3%80%81%E5%9B%BD%E5%8A%A1%E9%99%A2%E5%8A%9E%E5%85%AC%E5%8E%85%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E%E7%A6%81%E6%AD%A2%E8%87%AA%E8%A1%8C%E5%88%B6%E4%BD%9C%E5%92%8C%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E6%97%97%E3%80%81%E5%BE%BD%E7%9A%84%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hongkong_flag-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hongkong_flag_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hongkong_flag_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPreparatory_Committee_for_the_Hong_Kong_Special_Administrative_Region1996" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Preparatory_Committee_for_the_Hong_Kong_Special_Administrative_Region" title="Preparatory Committee for the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region">Preparatory Committee for the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</a> (11 August 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181001185206/http://www.people.com.cn/zgrdxw/faguiku/dff/F50-1060.html">"Decision of the Hong Kong SAR Flag"</a>. <i>People.com.cn</i> (in Chinese). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.people.com.cn/zgrdxw/faguiku/dff/F50-1060.html">the original</a> on 1 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 November</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=People.com.cn&rft.atitle=Decision+of+the+Hong+Kong+SAR+Flag&rft.date=1996-08-11&rft.au=Preparatory+Committee+for+the+Hong+Kong+Special+Administrative+Region&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.people.com.cn%2Fzgrdxw%2Ffaguiku%2Fdff%2FF50-1060.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-macau_flag-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-macau_flag_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.china.com.cn/law/flfg/txt/2006-08/08/content_7064255.htm">"Law Regarding The Flag and Emblem of the Hong Kong SAR"</a>. <i>Preparatory Committee for the Macau Special Administrative Region</i> (in Chinese). China.com.cn. 16 January 1999<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 November</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Preparatory+Committee+for+the+Macau+Special+Administrative+Region&rft.atitle=Law+Regarding+The+Flag+and+Emblem+of+the+Hong+Kong+SAR&rft.date=1999-01-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.china.com.cn%2Flaw%2Fflfg%2Ftxt%2F2006-08%2F08%2Fcontent_7064255.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-symbolism-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-symbolism_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElihu_LauterpachtC._J._GreenwoodA._G._Oppenheimer2002" class="citation book cs1">Elihu Lauterpacht; C. J. Greenwood; A. G. Oppenheimer (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BmCFznufJ54C&pg=PA582"><i>International Law Reports</i></a>. Vol. 122. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. p. 582. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-80775-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-80775-3"><bdi>978-0-521-80775-3</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+Law+Reports&rft.pages=582&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-521-80775-3&rft.au=Elihu+Lauterpacht&rft.au=C.+J.+Greenwood&rft.au=A.+G.+Oppenheimer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBmCFznufJ54C%26pg%3DPA582&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-reflection-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-reflection_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://info.news365.com.cn/was40/detail?record=270&channelid=26700&searchword=%BB%F9%B1%BE%B7%A8"><bdi lang="zh">忆香港区旗区徽的诞生（上）</bdi></a> [Reflecting on the Creation of the Hong Kong SAR Flag and Emblem – Part 1] (in Chinese). Wenhui-xinmin United Press Group. 24 May 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%BF%86%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E5%8C%BA%E6%97%97%E5%8C%BA%E5%BE%BD%E7%9A%84%E8%AF%9E%E7%94%9F%EF%BC%88%E4%B8%8A%EF%BC%89&rft.pub=Wenhui-xinmin+United+Press+Group&rft.date=2007-05-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finfo.news365.com.cn%2Fwas40%2Fdetail%3Frecord%3D270%26channelid%3D26700%26searchword%3D%25BB%25F9%25B1%25BE%25B7%25A8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+China" class="Z3988"></span> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged April 2012">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup> and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://info.news365.com.cn/was40/detail?record=268&channelid=26700&searchword=%BB%F9%B1%BE%B7%A8"><bdi lang="zh">忆香港区旗区徽的诞生（下）</bdi></a> [Reflecting on the Creation of the Hong Kong SAR Flag and Emblem – Part 2] (in Chinese). Wenhui-xinmin United Press Group. 25 May 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%BF%86%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E5%8C%BA%E6%97%97%E5%8C%BA%E5%BE%BD%E7%9A%84%E8%AF%9E%E7%94%9F%EF%BC%88%E4%B8%8B%EF%BC%89&rft.pub=Wenhui-xinmin+United+Press+Group&rft.date=2007-05-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finfo.news365.com.cn%2Fwas40%2Fdetail%3Frecord%3D268%26channelid%3D26700%26searchword%3D%25BB%25F9%25B1%25BE%25B7%25A8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+China" class="Z3988"></span> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged April 2012">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF陶存范希春,_宋彦尊2007" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">陶存; 范希春, 宋彦尊 (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vip.book.sina.com.cn/book/chapter_42612_27183.html">"Deciding the flag and emblem of Hong Kong"</a>. <i>Decade After The Return of Hong Kong</i> (in Chinese). Vol. 1. Jinan: Shandong People's Publishing House. p. 36. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-7-209-04247-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-7-209-04247-5"><bdi>978-7-209-04247-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 November</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Deciding+the+flag+and+emblem+of+Hong+Kong&rft.btitle=Decade+After+The+Return+of+Hong+Kong&rft.place=Jinan&rft.pages=36&rft.pub=Shandong+People%27s+Publishing+House&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-7-209-04247-5&rft.au=%E9%99%B6%E5%AD%98&rft.au=%E8%8C%83%E5%B8%8C%E6%98%A5%2C+%E5%AE%8B%E5%BD%A6%E5%B0%8A&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvip.book.sina.com.cn%2Fbook%2Fchapter_42612_27183.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HandoverCeremony-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HandoverCeremony_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAaronson" class="citation magazine cs1">Aaronson, Jeffrey. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091005020342/http://www.time.com/time/hongkong/life/lifeschedule.html">"Schedule of Events"</a>. <i>Time</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/hongkong/life/lifeschedule.html">the original</a> on 5 October 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Schedule+of+Events&rft.aulast=Aaronson&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fhongkong%2Flife%2Flifeschedule.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110707032101/http://www.culturalink.gov.cn/cnstatic/doc/exhibition/Macaoe.doc">"Celebrating the 10th Anniversary of Macao's Return to China"</a>. Office of Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan Affairs, Ministry of Culture, P. R. China. 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.culturalink.gov.cn/cnstatic/doc/exhibition/Macaoe.doc">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(DOC)</span> on 7 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 November</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Celebrating+the+10th+Anniversary+of+Macao%27s+Return+to+China&rft.pub=Office+of+Hong+Kong%2C+Macao%2C+and+Taiwan+Affairs%2C+Ministry+of+Culture%2C+P.+R.+China&rft.date=2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.culturalink.gov.cn%2Fcnstatic%2Fdoc%2Fexhibition%2FMacaoe.doc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ambiente-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ambiente_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF楊允中" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">楊允中. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071223002632/http://www.ambiente.gov.mo/tchinese/07/lotus05/l0508.asp">"Lotus and the Macao Special Administrative Region of the Regional Flag and Regional Emblem"</a> (in Chinese). Macao Special Administrative Region Government and Environment Committee. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ambiente.gov.mo/tchinese/07/lotus05/l0508.asp">the original</a> on 23 December 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 November</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lotus+and+the+Macao+Special+Administrative+Region+of+the+Regional+Flag+and+Regional+Emblem&rft.pub=Macao+Special+Administrative+Region+Government+and+Environment+Committee&rft.au=%E6%A5%8A%E5%85%81%E4%B8%AD&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ambiente.gov.mo%2Ftchinese%2F07%2Flotus05%2Fl0508.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-macauadopt-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-macauadopt_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091206193106/http://www.cdfao.chengdu.gov.cn/list.asp?ClassID=02011006">"Flag and Emblem of the Macao SAR"</a> (in Chinese). Chengdu People's Government Foreign Affairs Office. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cdfao.chengdu.gov.cn/list.asp?ClassID=02011006">the original</a> on 6 December 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 November</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Flag+and+Emblem+of+the+Macao+SAR&rft.pub=Chengdu+People%27s+Government+Foreign+Affairs+Office&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdfao.chengdu.gov.cn%2Flist.asp%3FClassID%3D02011006&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLee2005" class="citation book cs1">Lee, Khoon Choy (November 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1jlOQc8BumIC&q=Macau+flag&pg=PT523"><i>Pioneers of Modern China: Understanding the Inscrutable Chinese</i></a>. World Scientific Publishing Co. p. 499. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-981-256-618-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-981-256-618-8"><bdi>978-981-256-618-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pioneers+of+Modern+China%3A+Understanding+the+Inscrutable+Chinese&rft.pages=499&rft.pub=World+Scientific+Publishing+Co&rft.date=2005-11&rft.isbn=978-981-256-618-8&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Khoon+Choy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1jlOQc8BumIC%26q%3DMacau%2Bflag%26pg%3DPT523&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWu2009" class="citation news cs1">Wu, Fei (1 October 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/60th/2009-10/01/content_8759348.htm">"Military Parade Marks Anniversary"</a>. <i>China Daily</i>. Xinhua<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 November</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=China+Daily&rft.atitle=Military+Parade+Marks+Anniversary&rft.date=2009-10-01&rft.aulast=Wu&rft.aufirst=Fei&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinadaily.com.cn%2F60th%2F2009-10%2F01%2Fcontent_8759348.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110707043014/http://www.ybsy.gov.cn/gfjy/ShowArticle.asp?ArticleID=1494">"Flag of the People's Liberation Army"</a> (in Chinese). Yibin Shuangyong Information Network. 11 January 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ybsy.gov.cn/gfjy/ShowArticle.asp?ArticleID=1494">the original</a> on 7 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 November</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Flag+of+the+People%27s+Liberation+Army&rft.pub=Yibin+Shuangyong+Information+Network&rft.date=2009-01-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ybsy.gov.cn%2Fgfjy%2FShowArticle.asp%3FArticleID%3D1494&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090513085559/http://law.lawtime.cn/d662410667504.html">"Central Military Commission Provisions On The Military Flag"</a> (in Chinese). 17 June 1978. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://law.lawtime.cn/d662410667504.html">the original</a> on 13 May 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 November</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Central+Military+Commission+Provisions+On+The+Military+Flag&rft.date=1978-06-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flaw.lawtime.cn%2Fd662410667504.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.diyifanwen.com/fanwen/bayijianjunjie/143152262.html">"81 Flag and Other Signs"</a> (in Chinese)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 November</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=81+Flag+and+Other+Signs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.diyifanwen.com%2Ffanwen%2Fbayijianjunjie%2F143152262.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.xinhuanet.com/ziliao/2004-06/23/content_1542456.htm">"Flag, Emblem and Song of the People's Liberation Army"</a>. <i>Xinhua Net News</i> (in Chinese). Xinhua News Agency. 23 June 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 November</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Xinhua+Net+News&rft.atitle=Flag%2C+Emblem+and+Song+of+the+People%27s+Liberation+Army&rft.date=2004-06-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.xinhuanet.com%2Fziliao%2F2004-06%2F23%2Fcontent_1542456.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://military.people.com.cn/n1/2016/0701/c1011-28516063.html">"Uniform of Rocket Force"</a>. <i>People's Daily</i> (in Chinese). 1 July 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=People%27s+Daily&rft.atitle=Uniform+of+Rocket+Force&rft.date=2016-07-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmilitary.people.com.cn%2Fn1%2F2016%2F0701%2Fc1011-28516063.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201004005022/http://www.mod.gov.cn/topnews/2018-01/10/content_4802151.htm">"国防部新闻发言人吴谦就武警部队旗寓意答问"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_National_Defense_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of National Defense of the People's Republic of China">Ministry of National Defense of the People's Republic of China</a>. 10 January 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mod.gov.cn/topnews/2018-01/10/content_4802151.htm">the original</a> on 4 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%9B%BD%E9%98%B2%E9%83%A8%E6%96%B0%E9%97%BB%E5%8F%91%E8%A8%80%E4%BA%BA%E5%90%B4%E8%B0%A6%E5%B0%B1%E6%AD%A6%E8%AD%A6%E9%83%A8%E9%98%9F%E6%97%97%E5%AF%93%E6%84%8F%E7%AD%94%E9%97%AE&rft.pub=Ministry+of+National+Defense+of+the+People%27s+Republic+of+China&rft.date=2018-01-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mod.gov.cn%2Ftopnews%2F2018-01%2F10%2Fcontent_4802151.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hndjw.gov.cn/dangshibolan/dangshiwenzhai/2009-09-14/11415.html">"History – Flag of the Communist Party of China"</a> (in Chinese). Henan Party Network Division. 14 September 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 November</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+%E2%80%93+Flag+of+the+Communist+Party+of+China&rft.pub=Henan+Party+Network+Division&rft.date=2009-09-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hndjw.gov.cn%2Fdangshibolan%2Fdangshiwenzhai%2F2009-09-14%2F11415.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+China" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged September 2010">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cpcflagcon-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cpcflagcon_59-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cpcflagcon_59-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061029032348/http://news.xinhuanet.com/ziliao/2003-01/18/content_695383_1.htm">"Provisions for Using the Flag and Emblem of the CPC"</a> (in Chinese). 21 September 1996. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.xinhuanet.com/ziliao/2003-01/18/content_695383_1.htm">the original</a> on 29 October 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 November</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Provisions+for+Using+the+Flag+and+Emblem+of+the+CPC&rft.date=1996-09-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.xinhuanet.com%2Fziliao%2F2003-01%2F18%2Fcontent_695383_1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071018054320/http://www.china.org.cn/english/features/49109.htm#12">"XI Party Emblem and Flag"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/China_Internet_Information_Center" title="China Internet Information Center">China Internet Information Center</a></i>. Constitution of the Communist Party of China. <a href="/wiki/China_International_Publishing_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="China International Publishing Group">China International Publishing Group</a>. 18 November 2002. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.china.org.cn/english/features/49109.htm#12">the original</a> on 18 October 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 November</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=China+Internet+Information+Center&rft.atitle=XI+Party+Emblem+and+Flag&rft.date=2002-11-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.china.org.cn%2Fenglish%2Ffeatures%2F49109.htm%2312&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cylcflag-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cylcflag_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nhyouth.gov.cn/news_view.asp?newsid=471">"Organization Song, Flag, Emblem and Card"</a> (in Chinese). CN: Communist Youth League of China. 6 January 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 November</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Organization+Song%2C+Flag%2C+Emblem+and+Card&rft.place=CN&rft.pub=Communist+Youth+League+of+China&rft.date=2007-01-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nhyouth.gov.cn%2Fnews_view.asp%3Fnewsid%3D471&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abayouth.gov.cn/html/sxdgz/2007/929/079291015081FDAD8JC96CDAJHIJK8.html">"Young Pioneers of China Unit Flag"</a> (in Chinese). Communist Youth League in Sichuan Province. 27 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Young+Pioneers+of+China+Unit+Flag&rft.pub=Communist+Youth+League+in+Sichuan+Province&rft.date=2007-09-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abayouth.gov.cn%2Fhtml%2Fsxdgz%2F2007%2F929%2F079291015081FDAD8JC96CDAJHIJK8.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+China" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged July 2018">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120731195853/http://zhengzhou.customs.gov.cn/publish/portal106/tab1641/module5966/info3564.htm"><bdi lang="zh">海关关旗</bdi></a> (in Chinese (China)). Zhengzhou Customs. 26 August 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://zhengzhou.customs.gov.cn/publish/portal106/tab1641/module5966/info3564.htm">the original</a> on 31 July 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E6%B5%B7%E5%85%B3%E5%85%B3%E6%97%97&rft.pub=Zhengzhou+Customs&rft.date=2005-08-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fzhengzhou.customs.gov.cn%2Fpublish%2Fportal106%2Ftab1641%2Fmodule5966%2Finfo3564.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_China&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikiquote-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/13px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/20px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/27px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span> Quotations related to <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Flag_of_China" class="extiw" title="wikiquote:Special:Search/Flag of China">Flag of China</a> at Wikiquote</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:National_flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:National flag of the People's Republic of China">National flag of the People's Republic of China</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Flags_of_Asia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Asia_topic" title="Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Asia_topic" title="Template talk:Asia topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Asia_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Flags_of_Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Flags_of_Asia" title="Flags of Asia">Flags of Asia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Afghanistan" title="Flag of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Armenia" title="Flag of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Azerbaijan" title="Flag of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Bahrain" title="Flag of Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Bangladesh" title="Flag of Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Bhutan" title="Flag of Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Brunei" title="Flag of Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Cambodia" title="Flag of Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Cyprus" title="Flag of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_East_Timor" title="Flag of East Timor">East Timor (Timor-Leste)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Egypt" title="Flag of Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Flag of Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_India" title="Flag of India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Indonesia" title="Flag of Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Iran" title="Flag of Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Iraq" title="Flag of Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Israel" title="Flag of Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Japan" title="Flag of Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Jordan" title="Flag of Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Kazakhstan" title="Flag of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_North_Korea" title="Flag of North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_South_Korea" title="Flag of South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Kuwait" title="Flag of Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan" title="Flag of Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Laos" title="Flag of Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Lebanon" title="Flag of Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Malaysia" title="Flag of Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Maldives" title="Flag of the Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Mongolia" title="Flag of Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Myanmar" title="Flag of Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Nepal" title="Flag of Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Oman" title="Flag of Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Pakistan" title="Flag of Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Philippines" title="Flag of the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Qatar" title="Flag of Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Russia" title="Flag of Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Flag of Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Singapore" title="Flag of Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Flag of Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Syria" title="Flag of Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Tajikistan" title="Flag of Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Thailand" title="Flag of Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Turkey" title="Flag of Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Turkmenistan" title="Flag of Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Flag of the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Uzbekistan" title="Flag of Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Vietnam" title="Flag of Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Yemen" title="Flag of Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with<br />limited recognition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Abkhazia" title="Flag of Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Northern_Cyprus" title="Flag of Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_State_of_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag of the State of Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_South_Ossetia" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag of South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Taiwan" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag of Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br />other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" title="Flag of the British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Christmas_Island" title="Flag of Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" title="Flag of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Hong_Kong" title="Flag of Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Macau" title="Flag of Macau">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Asia" title="Category:Asia">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Asia" title="Portal:Asia">Asia portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_flags_and_coats_of_arms" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_flags" title="Template:National flags"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_flags" title="Template talk:National flags"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_flags" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National flags"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_flags_and_coats_of_arms" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_flag" title="National flag">National flags</a> and <a href="/wiki/National_coat_of_arms" title="National coat of arms">coats of arms</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National flags</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_flags_of_sovereign_states" title="List of national flags of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallery_of_flags_of_dependent_territories" title="Gallery of flags of dependent territories">Dependent territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_national_flags" title="Timeline of national flags">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National coats of arms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armorial_of_sovereign_states" title="Armorial of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armorial_of_dependent_territories" title="Armorial of dependent territories">Dependent territories</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Azure%2C_a_bend_Or.svg/14px-Azure%2C_a_bend_Or.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Azure%2C_a_bend_Or.svg/22px-Azure%2C_a_bend_Or.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Azure%2C_a_bend_Or.svg/29px-Azure%2C_a_bend_Or.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Heraldry" title="Portal:Heraldry">Heraldry portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="China_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:China_topics" title="Template:China topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:China_topics" title="Template talk:China topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:China_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:China topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="China_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_China" title="Outline of China">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_China" title="History of China">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Overviews</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_China" title="History of China">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Chinese_history" title="Timeline of Chinese history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_historiography" title="Chinese historiography">Historiography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_China" title="Military history of China">Military history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Chinese_language" title="History of the Chinese language">Language</a></li> <li>Economic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_China_before_1912" title="Economic history of China before 1912">before 1912</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Economic history of China (1912–1949)">1912–1949</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_China_(1949%E2%80%93present)" title="Economic history of China (1949–present)">1949–present</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Chinese_history" title="Ethnic groups in Chinese history">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_foreign_relations_of_China" title="History of foreign relations of China">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynasties_of_China" title="Dynasties of China">Dynasties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_monarchs" title="List of Chinese monarchs">Monarchs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Prehistory_of_China" title="Prehistory of China">Prehistoric</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Paleolithic_sites_in_China" title="List of Paleolithic sites in China">Paleolithic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Neolithic_cultures_of_China" title="List of Neolithic cultures of China">Neolithic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_River_civilization" title="Yellow River civilization">Yellow River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangtze_civilization" title="Yangtze civilization">Yangtze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liao_civilization" title="Liao civilization">Liao</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_China#Ancient_China" title="History of China">Ancient</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xia_dynasty" title="Xia dynasty">Xia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shang_dynasty" title="Shang dynasty">Shang</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Late_Shang" title="Late Shang">Late</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhou_dynasty" title="Zhou dynasty">Zhou</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Zhou" title="Western Zhou">Western Zhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spring_and_Autumn_period" title="Spring and Autumn period">Spring and Autumn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warring_States_period" title="Warring States period">Warring States</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_China#Imperial_China" title="History of China">Imperial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qin_dynasty" title="Qin dynasty">Qin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Kingdoms" title="Three Kingdoms">Three Kingdoms</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cao_Wei" title="Cao Wei">Wei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shu_Han" title="Shu Han">Han</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shu_Han" title="Shu Han">Wu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(266%E2%80%93420)" title="Jin dynasty (266–420)">Jin (266–420)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixteen_Kingdoms" title="Sixteen Kingdoms">Sixteen Kingdoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_and_Southern_dynasties" title="Northern and Southern dynasties">Northern and Southern dynasties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sui_dynasty" title="Sui dynasty">Sui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Dynasties_and_Ten_Kingdoms_period" title="Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period">Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liao_dynasty" title="Liao dynasty">Liao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(1115%E2%80%931234)" title="Jin dynasty (1115–1234)">Jin (1115–1234)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High_Qing_era" title="High Qing era">High Qing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Century_of_humiliation" title="Century of humiliation">Century of humiliation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiping_Rebellion" title="Taiping Rebellion">Taiping Rebellion</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_China#Modern_China" title="History of China">Modern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1911_Revolution" title="1911 Revolution">1911 Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">Republic of China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Revolution" title="Chinese Communist Revolution">Chinese Communist Revolution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="History of the People's Republic of China">People's Republic of China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Revolution" title="Cultural Revolution">Cultural Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_Tiananmen_Square_protests_and_massacre" title="1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre">Tiananmen Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_economic_reform" title="Chinese economic reform">Economic reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_mainland_China" title="COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China">COVID-19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Uyghurs_in_China" title="Persecution of Uyghurs in China">persecution of Uyghurs</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_China" title="Geography of China">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borders_of_China" title="Borders of China">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extreme_points_of_China" title="List of extreme points of China">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_China" title="Geology of China">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_disasters_in_China" title="Natural disasters in China">Natural disasters</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_China" title="List of regions of China">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_China" title="East China">East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_China" title="Northeast China">Northeast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_China" title="North China">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Central_China" title="South Central China">South Central</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_China" title="Central China">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_China" title="South China">South</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_China" title="Western China">Western</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_China" title="Northwestern China">Northwestern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_China" title="Southwestern China">Southwestern</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Terrain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bays_of_China" title="Category:Bays of China">Bays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Canyons_and_gorges_of_China" title="Category:Canyons and gorges of China">Canyons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Caves_of_China" title="Category:Caves of China">Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Deserts_of_China" title="Category:Deserts of China">Deserts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Grasslands_of_China" title="Category:Grasslands of China">Grasslands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hills_of_China" title="Category:Hills of China">Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_China" title="List of islands of China">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mountains_of_China" title="Category:Mountains of China">Mountains</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mountain_ranges_of_China" title="Category:Mountain ranges of China">ranges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mountain_passes_of_China" title="Category:Mountain passes of China">passes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Peninsulas_of_China" title="Category:Peninsulas of China">Peninsulas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_China_Plain" title="Northeast China Plain">Northeast</a> / <a href="/wiki/North_China_Plain" title="North China Plain">North</a> / <a href="/wiki/Zhongyuan" title="Zhongyuan">Central Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Valleys_of_China" title="Category:Valleys of China">Valleys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_China" title="List of volcanoes in China">Volcanoes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Water</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Canals_in_China" title="Category:Canals in China">Canals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_China" title="List of lakes of China">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_China" title="List of rivers of China">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Waterfalls_of_China" title="Category:Waterfalls of China">Waterfalls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wetlands_of_China" title="Category:Wetlands of China">Wetlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_resources_of_China" title="Water resources of China">Water resources</a></li> <li>Seas <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bohai_Sea" title="Bohai Sea">Bohai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_Sea" title="Yellow Sea">Yellow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_China_Sea" title="East China Sea">East China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_China_Sea" title="South China Sea">South China</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Environment_of_China" title="Environment of China">Environment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_China" title="Climate change in China">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_policy_of_China" title="Climate policy of China">Climate policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_China" title="Environmental issues in China">Environmental issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_policy_in_China" title="Environmental policy in China">Environmental policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_protected_areas_of_China" title="List of protected areas of China">Protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_China" title="List of national parks of China">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nature_reserves_in_China" title="Category:Nature reserves in China">Nature reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_UNESCO_Biosphere_Reserves_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of UNESCO Biosphere Reserves in China">UNESCO Biosphere Reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_China" title="Wildlife of China">Wildlife</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna of China">Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_China" title="Flora of China">Flora</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_China" title="Administrative divisions of China">Subdivisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baselines_of_the_Chinese_territorial_sea" title="Baselines of the Chinese territorial sea">Baseline islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Border_crossings_of_China" title="Category:Border crossings of China">Border crossings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_China" title="List of cities in China">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_China" title="Administrative divisions of China">Province-level subdivisions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_China" title="Politics of China">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Law" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Law_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Law of the People's Republic of China">Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judicial_system_of_China" title="Judicial system of China">Judicial system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_China" title="Human rights in China">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in China">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Tibet" title="Human rights in Tibet">in Tibet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_China" title="Law enforcement in China">Law enforcement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Penal_system_in_China" title="Penal system in China">Penal system</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naming_laws_in_China" title="Naming laws in China">Naming laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationality_law_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationality law of China">Nationality law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_China" title="Terrorism in China">Terrorism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_China" title="Government of China">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_service_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Civil service of the People's Republic of China">Civil service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_China" title="Constitution of China">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy_in_China" title="Democracy in China">Democracy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_democracy_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese democracy movement">Pro-democratisation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_China" title="Elections in China">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_policy_in_China" title="Environmental policy in China">Environmental policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_China" title="Foreign relations of China">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_People%27s_Congress" title="National People's Congress">National People's Congress</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Standing_Committee_of_the_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Standing Committee of the National People's Congress">Standing Committee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_security_of_China" title="National security of China">National security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_China" title="List of political parties in China">Political parties and movements</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party">General Secretary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">Politburo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_front_(China)" title="United front (China)">United front</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference" title="Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference">Political Consultative Conference</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_with_Chinese_characteristics" title="Socialism with Chinese characteristics">Socialism with Chinese characteristics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Primary_stage_of_socialism" title="Primary stage of socialism">Primary stage of socialism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_China" title="President of China">President</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_China" title="Vice President of China">Vice President</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="State Council of the People's Republic of China">State Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_China" title="Premier of China">Premier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_Premier_of_China" title="Vice Premier of China">Vice Premier</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_country,_two_systems" title="One country, two systems">One country, two systems</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Military_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of China">Military</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_military_history_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Outline of the military history of the People's Republic of China">Outline of military history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Military_Commission_(China)" title="Central Military Commission (China)">Central Military Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_National_Defense_(China)" title="Ministry of National Defense (China)">Ministry of National Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="People's Liberation Army">People's Liberation Army</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Ground_Force" title="People's Liberation Army Ground Force">Ground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Navy" title="People's Liberation Army Navy">Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Air_Force" title="People's Liberation Army Air Force">Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Rocket_Force" title="People's Liberation Army Rocket Force">Rocket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Strategic_Support_Force" title="People's Liberation Army Strategic Support Force">Strategic Support</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Armed_Police" title="People's Armed Police">People's Armed Police</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_Coast_Guard" title="China Coast Guard">Coast Guard</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Militia_(China)" title="Militia (China)">Militia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_Militia" title="Maritime Militia">Maritime Militia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_China" title="Economy of China">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_China" title="Agriculture in China">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_in_China" title="Aquaculture in China">Aquaculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_China" title="Banking in China">Banking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Bank_of_China" title="People's Bank of China">Central bank</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi">Currency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_China_(1949%E2%80%93present)" title="Economic history of China (1949–present)">Economic history</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_economic_reform" title="Chinese economic reform">Reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_economic_zones_of_China" title="Special economic zones of China">Special economic zones</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E-commerce_in_China" title="E-commerce in China">E-commerce</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Online_advertising_in_China" title="Online advertising in China">Online advertising</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_China" title="Energy policy of China">Energy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coal_in_China" title="Coal in China">Coal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroleum_industry_in_China" title="Petroleum industry in China">Petroleum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_China" title="Renewable energy in China">Renewable</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_aid_to_China" title="Foreign aid to China">Foreign aid received</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_foreign_aid" title="Chinese foreign aid">Foreign aid program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_GDP_of_China" title="Historical GDP of China">Historical GDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industry_of_China" title="Industry of China">Industry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_industry_in_China" title="Chemical industry in China">Chemical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_mining_in_China" title="Gold mining in China">Gold mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semiconductor_industry_in_China" title="Semiconductor industry in China">Semiconductors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steel_industry_in_China" title="Steel industry in China">Steel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textile_industry_in_China" title="Textile industry in China">Textiles</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_China" title="Poverty in China">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_of_living_in_China" title="Standard of living in China">Standard of living</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_China" title="Taxation in China">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_China" title="Tourism in China">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_trade_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="History of trade of the People's Republic of China">Trade</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Infrastructure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Architecture in China">Architecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Housing_in_China" title="Housing in China">Housing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_China" title="Telecommunications in China">Telecommunications</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_China" title="Internet in China">Internet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_China" title="Water supply and sanitation in China">Water supply and sanitation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_China" title="Transport in China">Transport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_China" title="Automotive industry in China">Automotive industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_aviation_in_China" title="Civil aviation in China">Civil aviation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_China" title="Rail transport in China">Rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shipping_industry_of_China" title="Shipping industry of China">Shipping industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_space_program" title="Chinese space program">Space program</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_China" title="Category:Society of China">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_China" title="Abortion in China">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_China" title="Censorship in China">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Dream" title="Chinese Dream">Chinese Dream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_China" title="Crime in China">Crime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_China" title="Corruption in China">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_China" title="Prostitution in China">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_trafficking_in_China" title="Sex trafficking in China">Sex trafficking</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_China" title="Education in China">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Literacy_in_China" title="Literacy in China">Literacy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmonious_Society" title="Harmonious Society">Harmonious Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_China" title="Health in China">Health</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Food_safety_in_China" title="Food safety in China">Food safety</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Food_safety_incidents_in_China" title="Food safety incidents in China">incidents</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_China" title="HIV/AIDS in China">HIV/AIDS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_intellectualism" title="Chinese intellectualism">Intellectualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese language</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Written_Chinese" title="Written Chinese">Written Chinese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_in_China" title="Propaganda in China">Propaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_China" title="Public holidays in China">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rural_society_in_China" title="Rural society in China">Rural society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_China" title="Science and technology in China">Science and technology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Technological_and_industrial_history_of_China" title="Technological and industrial history of China">history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_China" title="Sexuality in China">Sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_issues_in_China" title="Social issues in China">Social issues</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patriarchy_in_China" title="Patriarchy in China">Patriarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_China" title="Racism in China">Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_discrimination_in_China" title="Regional discrimination in China">Regional discrimination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_in_China" title="Suicide in China">Suicide</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_social_relations" title="Chinese social relations">Social relations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_structure_of_China" title="Social structure of China">Structure</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_China" title="Time in China">Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_society_in_China" title="Urban society in China">Urban society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_in_China" title="Welfare in China">Welfare</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of China">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archaeology_of_China" title="Archaeology of China">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archives_in_China" title="Archives in China">Archives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_art" title="Chinese art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_calligraphy" title="Chinese calligraphy">Calligraphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_China" title="Cinema of China">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_cuisine" title="Chinese cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_China" title="Dance in China">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libraries_in_China" title="Libraries in China">Libraries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_literature" title="Chinese literature">Literature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_poetry" title="Chinese poetry">Poetry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_martial_arts" title="Chinese martial arts">Martial arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_China" title="Mass media in China">Mass media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_China" title="Music of China">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_China" title="Names of China">Names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_philosophy" title="Chinese philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_in_China" title="Smoking in China">Smoking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_China" title="Sport in China">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_tea_culture" title="Chinese tea culture">Tea culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_variety_art" title="Chinese variety art">Variety art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_Historical_and_Cultural_Site_Protected_at_the_National_Level" class="mw-redirect" title="Major Historical and Cultural Site Protected at the National Level">Major Historical and Cultural Sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_China" title="List of World Heritage Sites in China">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Fours_of_China" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Fours of China</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Four_Treasures_of_the_Study" title="Four Treasures of the Study">Four Treasures of the Study</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Great_Inventions" title="Four Great Inventions">Four Great Inventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Gentlemen" title="Four Gentlemen">Four Gentlemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flowers_of_the_Four_Seasons" title="Flowers of the Four Seasons">Flowers of the Four Seasons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Beauties" title="Four Beauties">Four Beauties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classic_Chinese_Novels" title="Classic Chinese Novels">Four Classic Novels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_arts" title="Four arts">Four arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Symbols" title="Four Symbols">Four Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Holy_Beasts" title="Four Holy Beasts">Four Holy Beasts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Pillars_of_Destiny" title="Four Pillars of Destiny">Four Pillars of Destiny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Paragons_of_the_Early_Tang" title="Four Paragons of the Early Tang">Four Paragons of the Early Tang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Masters_of_the_Ming_dynasty" title="Four Masters of the Ming dynasty">Four Masters of the Ming dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Masters_of_the_Yuan_dynasty" title="Four Masters of the Yuan dynasty">Four Masters of the Yuan dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Wangs" title="Four Wangs">Four Wangs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gang_of_Four" title="Gang of Four">Gang of Four</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Olds" title="Four Olds">Four Olds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Pests_campaign" title="Four Pests campaign">Four Pests campaign</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_China" title="Demographics of China">Demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_emigration" title="Chinese emigration">Emigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ethnic_groups_in_China" title="List of ethnic groups in China">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eunuchs_in_China" title="Eunuchs in China">Eunuchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migration_in_China" title="Migration in China">Internal migration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_China" title="Languages of China">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_administrative_divisions_by_life_expectancy" title="List of Chinese administrative divisions by life expectancy">Life expectancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Statistics_of_China" title="National Bureau of Statistics of China">Statistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Population_history_of_China" title="Population history of China">Population history</a> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Post-80s" title="Post-80s">Post-80s</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Post-90s" title="Post-90s">Post-90s</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urbanization_in_China" title="Urbanization in China">Urbanization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_China" title="Women in China">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_China" title="Religion in China">Religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_China" title="Buddhism in China">Buddhism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Buddhism" title="Chinese Buddhism">Chinese Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Tibetan Buddhism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_folk_religion" title="Chinese folk religion">Folk religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_China" title="Christianity in China">Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_China" title="Catholic Church in China">Catholic Church in China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_China" title="Protestantism in China">Protestantism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_China" title="Freedom of religion in China">Freedom of religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_religion_in_China" title="History of religion in China">History of religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_China" title="Irreligion in China">Irreligion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_China" title="Islam in China">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_China" title="National symbols of China">Symbols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/March_of_the_Volunteers" title="March of the Volunteers">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Emblem_of_China" title="National Emblem of China">Emblem</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Flag</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_China" title="Outline of China">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_China" title="Outline of China">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:China" title="Category:China">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:China" title="Portal:China">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_China&oldid=1257906004">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_China&oldid=1257906004</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:National_symbols_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Category:National symbols of the People's Republic of China">National symbols of the People's Republic of China</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:National_flags" title="Category:National flags">National flags</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Flags_introduced_in_1949" title="Category:Flags introduced in 1949">Flags introduced in 1949</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Flags_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Category:Flags of the People's Republic of China">Flags of the People's Republic of China</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Flags_adopted_through_competition" title="Category:Flags adopted through competition">Flags adopted through competition</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Flags_of_Asia" title="Category:Flags of Asia">Flags of Asia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Red_and_yellow_flags" title="Category:Red and yellow flags">Red and yellow flags</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Flags_with_stars" title="Category:Flags with stars">Flags with stars</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_traditional_Chinese-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing traditional Chinese-language text">Articles containing traditional Chinese-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_French-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing French-language text">Articles containing French-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_uses_Chinese-language_script_(zh)" title="Category:CS1 uses Chinese-language script (zh)">CS1 uses Chinese-language script (zh)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Simplified_Chinese-language_sources_(zh-hans)" title="Category:CS1 Simplified Chinese-language sources (zh-hans)">CS1 Simplified Chinese-language sources (zh-hans)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Chinese-language_sources_(zh)" title="Category:CS1 Chinese-language sources (zh)">CS1 Chinese-language sources (zh)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_missing_periodical" title="Category:CS1 errors: missing periodical">CS1 errors: missing periodical</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Chinese_(Taiwan)-language_sources_(zh-tw)" title="Category:CS1 Chinese (Taiwan)-language sources (zh-tw)">CS1 Chinese (Taiwan)-language sources (zh-tw)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Chinese_(China)-language_sources_(zh-cn)" title="Category:CS1 Chinese (China)-language sources (zh-cn)">CS1 Chinese (China)-language sources (zh-cn)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Traditional_Chinese-language_sources_(zh-hant)" title="Category:CS1 Traditional Chinese-language sources (zh-hant)">CS1 Traditional Chinese-language sources (zh-hant)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_April_2012" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from April 2012">Articles with dead external links from April 2012</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_September_2010" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from September 2010">Articles with dead external links from September 2010</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_July_2018" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from July 2018">Articles with dead external links from July 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_permanently_dead_external_links" title="Category:Articles with permanently dead external links">Articles with permanently dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_May_2022" title="Category:Use dmy dates from May 2022">Use dmy dates from May 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Chinese-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Chinese-language text">Articles containing Chinese-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_March_2022" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from March 2022">Articles with unsourced statements from March 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_August_2010" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from August 2010">Articles with unsourced statements from August 2010</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_that_may_contain_original_research" title="Category:All articles that may contain original research">All articles that may contain original research</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_that_may_contain_original_research_from_December_2023" title="Category:Articles that may contain original research from December 2023">Articles that may contain original research from December 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link from Wikidata">Commons category link from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 17 November 2024, at 05:23<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_China&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-57488d5c7d-df6n4","wgBackendResponseTime":196,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"2.188","walltime":"2.749","ppvisitednodes":{"value":29390,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":396005,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":51836,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":26,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":41,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":406820,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 2408.401 1 -total"," 22.49% 541.587 2 Template:Reflist"," 14.23% 342.623 6 Template:Navbox"," 13.39% 322.428 1 Template:Asia_topic"," 11.53% 277.684 2 Template:Infobox"," 10.72% 258.116 9 Template:Gallery"," 9.08% 218.625 1 Template:Infobox_Chinese"," 7.43% 178.882 56 Template:Iso2country"," 7.26% 174.855 38 Template:Cite_web"," 7.12% 171.481 9 Template:Cite_book"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.238","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":22172728,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","460","29.5"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","340","21.8"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","240","15.4"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::sub","80","5.1"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getEntityStatements","60","3.8"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","60","3.8"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::find","40","2.6"],["makeMessage \u003Cmw.message.lua:76\u003E","40","2.6"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getAllExpandedArguments","40","2.6"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::redirectTarget","40","2.6"],["[others]","160","10.3"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-57488d5c7d-hnszj","timestamp":"20241128023042","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Flag of China","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Flag_of_China","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q131147","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q131147","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2003-06-13T17:26:08Z","dateModified":"2024-11-17T05:23:59Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/f\/fa\/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg","headline":"national flag of China"}</script> </body> </html>