CINXE.COM

- Sochi 2014 Olympics

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" data-version="olympic" data-live="true"> <head><script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/bundle-playback.js?v=HxkREWBo" charset="utf-8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/wombat.js?v=txqj7nKC" charset="utf-8"></script> <script>window.RufflePlayer=window.RufflePlayer||{};window.RufflePlayer.config={"autoplay":"on","unmuteOverlay":"hidden"};</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/ruffle/ruffle.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> __wm.init("https://web.archive.org/web"); __wm.wombat("http://www.sochi2014.com/en/development-about","20140205071327","https://web.archive.org/","web","/_static/", "1391584407"); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/banner-styles.css?v=S1zqJCYt" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/iconochive.css?v=3PDvdIFv" /> <!-- End Wayback Rewrite JS Include --> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title> - Sochi 2014 Olympics</title> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"> <meta name="description" property="The goal of the Sochi 2014 Olympic Organizing Committee is to create long-term positive change in social, economic and environmental spheres."/> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140205071327im_/http://gtcdn.sochi2014.com/content/4.3/i/favicon.ico"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140205071327cs_/http://gtcdn.sochi2014.com/content/4.3/mincss/common.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140205071327cs_/http://gtcdn.sochi2014.com/content/4.3/mincss/common-indentium.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140205071327cs_/http://gtcdn.sochi2014.com/content/4.3/mincss/gt.css"> <link href="https://plus.google.com/112088997548728763797" rel="publisher"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140205071327cs_/http://gtcdn.sochi2014.com/content/4.3/mincss/about.css"> <!--[if lte IE 9]><link rel="stylesheet" href="http://gtcdn.sochi2014.com/content/4.3/mincss/ie/9.css"><![endif]--> <!--[if lte IE 8]><link rel="stylesheet" href="http://gtcdn.sochi2014.com/content/4.3/mincss/ie/8.css"><![endif]--> <script type="text/javascript"> SOASTA = {}; SOASTA.pg = "Home"; if (typeof BOOMR !== "undefined") { BOOMR.addVar("h.pg", SOASTA.pg); } (function () { var dom, doc, where, iframe = document.createElement('iframe'); iframe.src = "javascript:false"; (iframe.frameElement || iframe).style.cssText = "width: 0; height: 0; border: 0"; where = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; where.parentNode.insertBefore(iframe, where); try { doc = iframe.contentWindow.document; } catch (e) { dom = document.domain; iframe.src = "javascript:var d=document.open();d.domain='" + dom + "';void(0);"; doc = iframe.contentWindow.document; } doc.open()._l = function () { var js = this.createElement("script"); if (dom) this.domain = dom; js.id = "boomr-if-as"; js.src = '//web.archive.org/web/20140205071327/http://c.go-mpulse.net/boomerang/' + 'HSWFQ-XBWU9-NCAPA-NALPC-TCJZV'; BOOMR_lstart = new Date().getTime(); this.body.appendChild(js); }; doc.write('<body onload="document._l();">'); doc.close(); })(); </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20140205071327js_/http://gtcdn.sochi2014.com/content/4.3/minjs/lib/jquery.min.js"></script> <script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20140205071327js_/http://gtcdn.sochi2014.com/content/4.3/bundle/main.bundle.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20140205071327js_/http://www.google.com/recaptcha/api/js/recaptcha_ajax.js"></script> <script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20140205071327js_/http://f1.as.readspeaker.com/script/6385/ReadSpeaker.js?pids=embhl"></script> <script> $GtSocialScripts.lang = 'en'; $GtSocialScripts.fbAppId = '112325998828856'; $GtSocialScripts.vkAppId = '2707977'; $GtSocialScripts.init(); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> setPrefs('en-dsk'); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var _gaq = _gaq || []; _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'UA-6107467-1']); _gaq.push(['_setDomainName', 'sochi2014.com']); _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']); (function () { var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true; ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://web.archive.org/web/20140205071327/https://ssl' : 'https://web.archive.org/web/20140205071327/http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s); })(); </script> </head> <body class="preload-header"> <div id="fb-root"></div> <div id="vk-root"></div> <div id="subscribe_container" data-ajax-target="replace" style="display: none;" data-linkattr="{}"></div> <div id="container" class="stage-before"> <div class="l-advertisement"> <div id="adriver_banner_1891103828" class="b-advertisement-collapsed"></div> <script type="text/javascript"> new adriver("adriver_banner_1891103828", { sid:193560, bt:52, bn:1 }); </script> </div> <header class="l-header l-sporting-header" data-expandable-menu-repository="true"> <div class="l-header-inside"> <section class="l-header-section l-header-first-section g-cleared" data-dropdown-repository="true"> <nav class="b-external-menu g-cleared" data-expandable-menu="true" data-expandable-menu-descriptor="external"> <li class="b-external-menu-clause b-external-menu-current-clause"> <a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/" class="b-external-menu-clause-link">Sochi 2014</a> </li> <li class="b-external-menu-clause"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140205071327/http://shop.sochi2014.com/en/" class="b-external-menu-clause-link">Shop</a> </li> <li class="b-external-menu-clause"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140205071327/http://tickets.sochi2014.com/?language=en" class="b-external-menu-clause-link">Tickets</a> </li> <li class="b-external-menu-clause"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140205071327/http://torchrelay.sochi2014.com/en/" class="b-external-menu-clause-link">Relay</a> </li> <li class="b-external-menu-clause"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140205071327/http://talisman.sochi2014.com/en/" class="b-external-menu-clause-link">Mascots</a> </li> <li class="b-external-menu-clause"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140205071327/http://vol.sochi2014.com/en/" class="b-external-menu-clause-link">Volunteers</a> </li> <li class="b-external-menu-clause"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140205071327/http://culture.sochi2014.com/en/" class="b-external-menu-clause-link">Culture</a> </li> <li class="b-external-menu-clause"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140205071327/http://job.sochi2014.com/" class="b-external-menu-clause-link">Job</a> </li> <li class="b-external-menu-clause b-external-menu-concealed-clause"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140205071327/http://brand-pro.goznak.ru/?l=en" class="b-external-menu-clause-link">Authentication</a> </li> <li class="b-external-menu-clause b-external-menu-expand-clause"> <a href="#" class="b-external-menu-clause-link g-pseudo-link" data-expandable-menu-opener="true">More</a> </li> </nav> <div class="b-broadcast-dropdown" data-dropdown="true" data-dropdown-descriptor="broadcast"> <a href="#" class="b-broadcast-dropdown-opener g-pseudo-link" data-dropdown-opener="true">Watch on</a> <div class="b-broadcast-dropdown-concealment g-hidden" data-dropdown-concealment="true" data-dropdown-concealment-url="/en/ajax/home/broadcast"> <p class="b-broadcast-dropdown-concealment-message">Broadcasts not found</p> </div> </div> <span class="b-tuning-popup-opener" data-action="popup" data-ajax-target="container" data-src="/en/ajax/home/font"> <span class="b-tuning-popup-opener-inside" title="Change appearance">Аа</span> </span> </section> <section class="l-header-section l-header-second-section" data-dropdown-repository="true"> <div class="l-header-section-inside" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Event"> <p class="b-logo"> <a itemprop="url" href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en" class="b-logo-link">Sochi 2014</a> </p> <dl class="b-general-information"> <dt class="b-general-information-title" itemprop="name">XXII Olympic Winter Games</dt> <dd class="b-general-information-motto b-general-information-en-motto">Hot. Cool. Yours.</dd> <dd class="b-general-information-date">7-23 February 2014</dd> <meta itemprop="startDate" content="2014-02-07T00:00"> <meta itemprop="endDate" content="2014-02-23T00:00"> </dl> <nav class="b-linguistic-menu"> <li class="b-linguistic-menu-clause"> <a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/fr/development-about" class="b-linguistic-menu-clause-link" title="French version" onclick="setPrefs('fr-dsk');">fr</a> </li> <li class="b-linguistic-menu-clause"> <a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/development-about" class="b-linguistic-menu-clause-link" title="Russian version" onclick="setPrefs('ru-dsk');">ru</a> </li> </nav> <nav class="b-sociality-menu"> <li class="b-sociality-menu-clause b-sociality-menu-facebook-clause" data-dropdown="true" data-dropdown-descriptor="sociality"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140205071327/https://www.facebook.com/Sochi2014.ru" target="_blank" class="b-sociality-menu-clause-link" data-dropdown-opener="true">Facebook</a> <div class="b-sociality-menu-clause-concealment g-hidden" data-dropdown-concealment="true"> <div class="fb-like" data-href="https://www.facebook.com/Sochi2014.ru" data-layout="button_count" data-action="like" data-show-faces="false" data-share="false"></div> </div> </li> <li class="b-sociality-menu-clause b-sociality-menu-vkontakte-clause" data-dropdown="true" data-dropdown-descriptor="sociality"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140205071327/http://vk.com/sochi2014" target="_blank" class="b-sociality-menu-clause-link" data-dropdown-opener="true">VK</a> <div class="b-sociality-menu-clause-concealment g-hidden" data-dropdown-concealment="true"> <div id="vk_like"></div> </div> </li> <li class="b-sociality-menu-clause b-sociality-menu-twitter-clause" data-dropdown="true" data-dropdown-descriptor="sociality"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140205071327/http://twitter.com/sochi2014" target="_blank" class="b-sociality-menu-clause-link" data-dropdown-opener="true">Twitter</a> <div class="b-sociality-menu-clause-concealment g-hidden" data-dropdown-concealment="true"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140205071327/https://twitter.com/share" class="twitter-share-button" data-url="https://web.archive.org/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/" data-text="Official Site of Olympic Winter Games and XI Paralympic Winter Games of 2014 in Sochi" data-via="sochi2014_ru">Tweet</a> </div> </li> <li class="b-sociality-menu-clause b-sociality-menu-utilitarian-clause b-sociality-menu-flickr-clause"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140205071327/http://www.flickr.com/photos/43767123@N02" target="_blank" class="b-sociality-menu-clause-link">Flickr</a> </li> <li class="b-sociality-menu-clause b-sociality-menu-utilitarian-clause b-sociality-menu-youtube-clause" data-dropdown="true" data-dropdown-descriptor="sociality"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140205071327/http://www.youtube.com/sochi2014" target="_blank" class="b-sociality-menu-clause-link" data-dropdown-opener="true">YouTube</a> <div class="b-sociality-menu-clause-concealment g-hidden" data-dropdown-concealment="true"> <script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20140205071327js_/https://apis.google.com/js/platform.js"></script> <div class="g-ytsubscribe" data-channel="sochi2014" data-layout="default" data-count="default"></div> </div> </li> <li class="b-sociality-menu-clause b-sociality-menu-utilitarian-clause b-sociality-menu-google-plus-clause" data-dropdown="true" data-dropdown-descriptor="sociality"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140205071327/https://plus.google.com/+sochi2014/posts" target="_blank" class="b-sociality-menu-clause-link" data-dropdown-opener="true">Google+</a> <div class="b-sociality-menu-clause-concealment g-hidden" data-dropdown-concealment="true"> <div class="g-plusone" data-size="medium" data-href="http://www.sochi2014.com" data-recommendations="false" data-expandto="bottom"></div> <script type="text/javascript"> window.___gcfg = { lang: 'en' }; (function () { var po = document.createElement('script'); po.type = 'text/javascript'; po.async = true; po.src = 'https://web.archive.org/web/20140205071327/https://apis.google.com/js/platform.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(po, s); })(); </script> </div> </li> </nav> <div id="adriver_banner_1246406317" class="b-advertisement b-240-80-advertisement"></div> <script type="text/javascript"> new adriver("adriver_banner_1246406317", { sid:193560, bt:52, bn:2 }); </script> </div> <span class="l-header-section-background l-header-section-first-background"></span> <span class="l-header-section-background l-header-section-second-background"></span> <span class="l-header-section-background l-header-section-third-background"></span> </section> <section class="l-header-section l-header-third-section" data-dropdown-repository="true"> <div class="l-header-section-inside"> <nav class="b-primary-menu g-cleared"> <li class="b-primary-menu-clause"> <a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/schedule-and-results" class="b-primary-menu-clause-link">Schedule and Results</a> </li> <li class="b-primary-menu-clause"> <div class="b-sports-dropdown" data-dropdown="true" data-dropdown-descriptor="sports"> <a href="#" class="b-sports-dropdown-opener g-pseudo-link" data-dropdown-opener="true" title="Click to select">Sport</a> <div class="b-sports-dropdown-concealment g-hidden" data-dropdown-concealment="true"> <menu class="second"> <li class="as"><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/alpine-skiing">Alpine Skiing</a></li> <li class="cc"><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/cross-country">Cross-Country</a></li> <li class="fr"><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/freestyle-skiing">Freestyle Skiing</a></li> <li class="nc"><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/nordic-combined">Nordic Combined</a></li> <li class="sj"><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/ski-jumping">Ski Jumping</a></li> <li class="bt"><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/biathlon">Biathlon</a></li> <li class="cu"><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/curling">Curling</a></li> <li class="ih"><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/ice-hockey">Ice Hockey</a></li> <li class="st"><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/short-track">Short Track</a></li> <li class="sb"><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/snowboard">Snowboard</a></li> <li class="bs"><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/bobsleigh">Bobsleigh</a></li> <li class="fs"><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/figure-skating">Figure Skating</a></li> <li class="lg"><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/luge">Luge</a></li> <li class="sn"><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/skeleton">Skeleton</a></li> <li class="ss"><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/speed-skating">Speed Skating</a></li> </menu> </div> </div> </li> <li class="b-primary-menu-clause"> <a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/medals" class="b-primary-menu-clause-link">Medals</a> </li> <li class="b-primary-menu-clause"> <a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/athletes" class="b-primary-menu-clause-link">Athletes</a> </li> <li class="b-primary-menu-clause"> <a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/teams" class="b-primary-menu-clause-link">Countries</a> </li> </nav> <nav class="b-interactive-menu"> <li class="b-interactive-menu-clause b-interactive-menu-subscribe-clause"> <a href="#" class="b-interactive-menu-clause-link" data-action="popup" data-ajax-target="subscribe_container" data-src="/en/ajax/home/subscribe" title="Making Subsciption">Subscribe</a> </li> <li class="b-interactive-menu-clause b-interactive-menu-paralympic-clause"> <a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/paralympic" class="b-interactive-menu-clause-link">Paralympic Games</a> </li> </nav> </div> <span class="l-header-section-background l-header-section-first-background"></span> </section> <section class="l-header-section l-header-fourth-section"> <div class="l-header-section-inside"> <nav class="b-secondary-menu g-cleared"> <li class="b-secondary-menu-clause"> <a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/spectators" class="b-secondary-menu-clause-link">For Spectators</a> </li> <li class="b-secondary-menu-clause"> <a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/support-country" class="b-secondary-menu-clause-link">Support Team</a> </li> <li class="b-secondary-menu-clause"> <a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/news" class="b-secondary-menu-clause-link">News</a> </li> <li class="b-secondary-menu-clause"> <a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/photos" class="b-secondary-menu-clause-link">Photos</a> </li> <li class="b-secondary-menu-clause"> <a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/videos" class="b-secondary-menu-clause-link">Videos</a> </li> </nav> <form action="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/search" class="b-primary-search-form" method="GET"> <fieldset class="b-primary-search-form-fieldset b-primary-search-form-query-fieldset" data-error-container="q"> <div class="b-primary-search-form-text-field"> <input type="text" name="q" required placeholder="Search" data-error-text="Fill this field" class="b-primary-search-form-text-field-entity" maxlength="255"/> </div> </fieldset> <fieldset class="b-primary-search-form-fieldset b-primary-search-form-send-fieldset"> <button type="submit" class="b-primary-search-form-button">Search</button> </fieldset> </form> </div> </section> <section class="l-header-section l-header-fifth-section"> <div class="l-header-section-inside"> <div class="b-sports-simple-previews layout sports"> <div class="b-sports-simple-previews-title"> <span class="b-sports-simple-previews-title-inside">5 <span class="b-sports-simple-previews-title-month">February</span></span> </div> <ul class="sportset before"> <li class="sporticon ih"> <a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/ice-hockey"><span>Ice Hockey</span></a> <dl class="container"> <dt class="head"><span class="outer"><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/ice-hockey">Ice Hockey</a></span></dt> </dl> </li> <li class="sporticon ss"> <a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/speed-skating"><span>Speed Skating</span></a> <dl class="container"> <dt class="head"><span class="outer"><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/speed-skating">Speed Skating</a></span></dt> </dl> </li> <li class="sporticon st"> <a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/short-track"><span>Short Track</span></a> <dl class="container"> <dt class="head"><span class="outer"><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/short-track">Short Track</a></span></dt> </dl> </li> <li class="sporticon fs"> <a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/figure-skating"><span>Figure Skating</span></a> <dl class="container"> <dt class="head"><span class="outer"><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/figure-skating">Figure Skating</a></span></dt> </dl> </li> <li class="sporticon cu"> <a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/curling"><span>Curling</span></a> <dl class="container"> <dt class="head"><span class="outer"><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/curling">Curling</a></span></dt> </dl> </li> <li class="sporticon bt"> <a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/biathlon"><span>Biathlon</span></a> <dl class="container"> <dt class="head"><span class="outer"><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/biathlon">Biathlon</a></span></dt> </dl> </li> <li class="sporticon cc"> <a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/cross-country"><span>Cross-Country</span></a> <dl class="container"> <dt class="head"><span class="outer"><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/cross-country">Cross-Country</a></span></dt> </dl> </li> <li class="sporticon sj"> <a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/ski-jumping"><span>Ski Jumping</span></a> <dl class="container"> <dt class="head"><span class="outer"><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/ski-jumping">Ski Jumping</a></span></dt> </dl> </li> <li class="sporticon nc"> <a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/nordic-combined"><span>Nordic Combined</span></a> <dl class="container"> <dt class="head"><span class="outer"><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/nordic-combined">Nordic Combined</a></span></dt> </dl> </li> <li class="sporticon as"> <a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/alpine-skiing"><span>Alpine Skiing</span></a> <dl class="container"> <dt class="head"><span class="outer"><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/alpine-skiing">Alpine Skiing</a></span></dt> </dl> </li> <li class="sporticon fr"> <a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/freestyle-skiing"><span>Freestyle Skiing</span></a> <dl class="container"> <dt class="head"><span class="outer"><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/freestyle-skiing">Freestyle Skiing</a></span></dt> </dl> </li> <li class="sporticon sb"> <a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/snowboard"><span>Snowboard</span></a> <dl class="container"> <dt class="head"><span class="outer"><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/snowboard">Snowboard</a></span></dt> </dl> </li> <li class="sporticon bs"> <a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/bobsleigh"><span>Bobsleigh</span></a> <dl class="container"> <dt class="head"><span class="outer"><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/bobsleigh">Bobsleigh</a></span></dt> </dl> </li> <li class="sporticon sn"> <a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/skeleton"><span>Skeleton</span></a> <dl class="container"> <dt class="head"><span class="outer"><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/skeleton">Skeleton</a></span></dt> </dl> </li> <li class="sporticon lg"> <a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/luge"><span>Luge</span></a> <dl class="container"> <dt class="head"><span class="outer"><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/luge">Luge</a></span></dt> </dl> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <span class="l-header-section-background"></span> </section> </div> <span class="l-header-border l-header-t-border"></span> <span class="l-header-border l-header-b-border"></span> <span class="l-header-background l-header-first-background"> <span class="l-header-background-shadow"></span> </span> <span class="l-header-background l-header-second-background"></span> </header> <div id="content"> <div class="layout"> <div class="wrap"> <aside class="left"> <div class="content header border"> <div id="readSpeakerPlayer" class="rsbtn"> <a class="rsbtn_play" accesskey="L" title="Listen the page with ReadSpeaker" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140205071327/http://app.as.readspeaker.com/cgi-bin/rsent?customerid=6385&amp;lang=en_uk&amp;readid=readSpeakerContent&amp;url=" role="button"> <span class="rsbtn_left rsimg rspart"> <span class="rsbtn_text"><span>Listen</span></span> </span> <span class="rsbtn_right rsimg rsplay rspart"></span> </a> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> $(function () { $("#readSpeakerPlayer a").attr("href", "https://web.archive.org/web/20140205071327/http://app.as.readspeaker.com/cgi-bin/rsent?customerid=6385&amp;lang=en_uk&amp;readid=readSpeakerContent&amp;url=" + escape("https://web.archive.org/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/development-about")); }) </script> <h1>Sustainability</h1> </div> <div class="content border"> <div class="wrapper menu"> <div class="left_column"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/about-us">About us — home</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/cultural-about">Cultural Olympiad</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/volunteers-about">Volunteers</a></li> <li class="level active" data-action="menu"> <span>Sustainability</span> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/reports">Reports </a></li> <li><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/recognition-program">Recognition Program </a></li> <li><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/development-health">Healthy Living</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/development-harmony">In Harmony with Nature</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/barrier-free-world">Barrier-free World</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/economic-prosperity">Economic Prosperity</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/development-technology">Modern Technologies</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/culture-and-values">Culture and Values</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="level" data-action="menu"> <span><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/partners-about">Partners</a></span> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/partners-bulletin-about">Newsletter</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="level" data-action="menu"> <span><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/downloads-about">Material for download</a></span> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/spectrum">Spectrum</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/olympic-village-newspaper">Olympic Village Newspaper </a></li> <li><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/audio-guides-to-the-venues">Audio guides to the venues</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/newsletter">Newsletter</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="level" data-action="menu"> <span><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/heritage-about">Legacy </a></span> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/heritage-construction">Olympic venues, certified with &#171;green&#187; construction standards</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/program-for-reintroducation-for-persian-leopard-in-the-caucasus">Program for reintroducation for Persian leopard in the Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/heritage-transport">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/heritage-enviroment">&#171;Green&#187; Standards</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/heritage-artefacts">Artifacts and commemorative items</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="level" data-action="menu"> <span><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/education">Education</a></span> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/paralympic-library">Paralympic Library</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/education-educational-about">Education Programs</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/partners-educational-programs">Partners&#39; educational programs</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/education-methodical-about">Downloadable materials</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/paralympic-awareness-program">Paralympic Awareness Program</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/sochi-2014-abc">Sochi 2014 ABC</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="level" data-action="menu"> <span><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/press-center-about">Press Center</a></span> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/pressreleases">Press releases</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/press-events">Press Events </a></li> <li><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/press-center-accreditation">Accreditation</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/results-books">Results Books</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/logistics">Logistics</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/contacts">Contacts</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/brand-aboute">Our Brand</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/tv-guide">TV Guide</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="right_column"> <ul class="category_anounce three_columns"> <li class="reports"> <a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/reports" title="">Reports </a> <div class="anounce_body"> GRI reports</div> </li> <li class="recognition"> <a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/recognition-program" title="">Recognition Program </a> <div class="anounce_body"> Green Building Recognition Programme and Sustainability Award &#171;Gateway to&#160;the future!&#187; </div> </li> <li class="healthy-lifestyle"> <a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/development-health" title="">Healthy Living</a> <div class="anounce_body"> One of the main goals of Sochi 2014 project is the popularisation of a healthy way of living</div> </li> <li class="nature-harmony"> <a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/development-harmony" title="">In Harmony with Nature</a> <div class="anounce_body"> Sochi 2014 Winter Games are to reveal a new approach to sustainability in harmony with nature </div> </li> <li class="without-barriers"> <a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/barrier-free-world" title="">Barrier-free World</a> <div class="anounce_body"> Creating a barrier-free environment for the Games of 2014 in Sochi</div> </li> <li class="economical-thrift"> <a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/economic-prosperity" title="">Economic Prosperity</a> <div class="anounce_body"> Long term sustainable development and prosperity of the city of Sochi, the Krasnodar region and all of Russia</div> </li> <li class="technologies"> <a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/development-technology" title="">Modern Technologies</a> <div class="anounce_body"> Innovational technological solutions of Sochi 2014 </div> </li> <li class="national-valuables"> <a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/culture-and-values" title="">Culture and Values</a> <div class="anounce_body"> All the colours of Russia&#39;s diversity </div> </li> </ul> <div id="readSpeakerContent" class="content text"> <p>In the late 1980s, the UN General Assembly decided to create an international commission on the environment and development, and adopted the concept of sustainable socio-economic development in harmony with the environment.</p><p>In 1987 the UN set out once and for all the concept and strategic aim of Sustainable development, as development that meets the needs of today without putting under threat the ability of future generations to satisfy their own needs. Sustainability involves taking well-balanced decisions that take account of the consequences of their implementation in three inter-related fields: economics, the social sphere, and the environment.&nbsp;</p><p>Today the UN proposes that observing principles of Sustainability and environmental protection should represent a component part of any activity in the field of economic and social development.</p><p>By sharing the principles of sustainability, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) has implemented a host of key measures.&nbsp;</p><p>In 1994 an Agreement was signed on collaboration with the UN Environment Program (the UNEP) in order to carry out a program to raise awareness and educate people about the field of environmental protection and sport. In 1996 the IOC announced that environmental protection was the third pillar of the Olympic movement, alongside sport and culture, and introduced the relevant guidelines to the Olympic Charter. In 1999 the Agenda for the Olympic movement in the 21st century was adopted, containing a program of measures in the field of sustainable development. In 2003 the IOC developed the "Olympic Games Impact" research program (OGI), which must be undertaken by the organizing committee of each Olympic Games. Since 2009 the IOC has included sections in each of its technical manuals devoted to applying sustainability principles to the procedures for preparing and staging the Olympic Games.</p><p>The first Games to be held on a platform of sustainability were the Winter Games of 2010 in Vancouver. The first Summer Olympic Games to be prepared and staged on a platform of sustainability will be the 2012 Games in London.</p><p><strong>Sustainability and the Organizing Committee</strong></p><p>The Sochi 2014 Organizing Committee sees its objective as making the best possible use of the opportunities created by the Olympic project to ensure the long-term sustainable development and flourishing of the city of Sochi, the Krasnodar Region and Russia as a whole.</p><p>In its preparation and staging of the Games, the Sochi 2014 Organizing Committee understands sustainability to mean: creating long-term positive change in the social, economic and environmental spheres, based on effective use of the resource potential for all Russians both today and tomorrow.</p><p>The Organizing Committee's attachment to the principles of sustainable development is set out in its core documents:</p><ul><li>Bid Book</li><li>Host-city contract</li><li>Games Foundation Plan</li><li>Master-plan</li><li>IOC Technical Manuals</li><li>Games Strategy</li></ul><p>The conditions in Russia create an unprecedented opportunity to use an integrated system to approach the management of sustainability activity among the key participants in preparing and staging the Games (the Organizing Committee, Sochi city administration, the Administration of the Krasnodar Region, the government ministries and agencies, and the Marketing Partners).</p><p>With this aim in mind, and in order to reinforce cooperation and create new opportunities for collaboration in the field of sustainable development during the preparations and staging of the XXII Olympic Winter Games and XI Paralympic Winter Games of 2014 in Sochi, the Organizing Committee has developed a Concept for the sustainability management system (hereinafter - CSMS).</p><p>The Concept for the CSMS was approved by 15 executive state bodies and organizations, namely: The Russian Olympic Committee, the Ministry of Sport and Tourism of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Regional Development of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Communications and Networks of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation, the Administration of the Krasnodar Region, the Administration of the city of Sochi, the Russian Paralympic Committee, and SC "Olympstroy".</p><p>Furthermore, in order to implement the tasks ahead of it, the Organizing Committee has developed Policy Guidelines in the field of sustainability.</p><p>The Sochi 2014 Policy in the field of sustainability reflects the Organizing Committee's commitment to follow sustainability principles, and determine key areas of activity in this field. The Policy will also determine the mechanism for introducing sustainability principles into the process of preparing and staging the Games.</p><p>This is taking place by means of integrating them into various areas of the Organizing Committee's activity, namely:</p><p>• into the Organizing Committee's current management system (planning, reporting, effectiveness evaluation);</p><p>• into the system for training and informing Organizing Committee staff;</p><p>• into the Organizing Committee's external communications procedure;</p><p>• into the Organizing Committee's procurement activity and licensing policies.</p><p>The policy is reinforcing the Sochi 2014 sustainability agenda, which sets out the 6 main areas of activity in the field of sustainability within the preparations and staging of the Games in 2014:</p><p>• <a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/development-health" data-mce-href="../../../../en/development-health">Healthy Living</a></p><p>• <a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/development-harmony" data-mce-href="../../../../en/development-harmony">Harmony with Nature</a></p><p>• <a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/barrier-free-world" data-mce-href="../../../../en/barrier-free-world">Barrier-free Environment</a></p><p>• <a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/economic-prosperity" data-mce-href="../../../../en/economic-prosperity">Economic Prosperity</a></p><p>• <a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/development-technology" data-mce-href="../../../../en/development-technology">Modern Technologies</a></p>• <a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/culture-and-values" data-mce-href="../../../../en/culture-and-values">Culture and National Values</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </aside> <aside class="right"> <div id="adriver_banner_1373533533" class="banner ver"></div> <script type="text/javascript"> new adriver("adriver_banner_1373533533", { sid:193560, bt:52, bn:3 }); </script> <div class="block news blue"> <div class="title under full"><span class="outer"><a class="inner" href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/news">News</a></span></div> <a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/news-olympic-truce-wall-unites-athletes-in-the-name-of-peace"> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20140205071327im_/http://gtcdn.sochi2014.com/news/I9_8PW/wall-240X180.jpg" alt="Olympic Truce Wall unites athletes in the name of peace"/> </a> <dl> <dt><span class="date">Yesterday, 4 February</span><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/news-olympic-truce-wall-unites-athletes-in-the-name-of-peace">Olympic Truce Wall unites athletes in the name of peace</a></dt> <dd>The symbolic Olympic Truce Wall opened on February 4 in the Coastal Olympic Village.</dd> <dt><span class="date">Yesterday, 4 February</span><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/news-sochi-2014-organizing-committee-meets-carbon-offset-target-before-opening-ceremony">Sochi 2014 Organizing Committee meets carbon offset target before Opening Ceremony</a></dt> <dd>The Sochi 2014 Organizing Committee has announced that they have fulfilled their Bid Book obligation to mitigate the direct carbon footprint of the Games in Sochi in 2014 before the Games even get underway.</dd> <dt><span class="date">Monday, 3 February</span><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/news-club-level-tickets-go-on-sale-ahead-of-ice-hockey-competition">Club Level tickets Go on Sale ahead of Ice Hockey Competition</a></dt> <dd>For the first time in the history of the Winter Olympic Games, the Sochi 2014 Organizing Committee started selling “club level” tickets. These tickets are for hockey matches taking place in the Bolshoy Ice Dome during the 2014 Olympic Games.</dd> <dt><span class="date">Monday, 3 February</span><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/news-sochi-2014-cultural-program-culminates-in-grand-finale-3">Sochi 2014 Cultural Program Culminates in Grand Finale</a></dt> <dd>The Cultural Program of the Sochi 2014 Olympic Winter Games is set to feature a host of masterpieces gathered within the Sochi 2014 Cultural Olympiad.&nbsp;</dd> <dt><span class="date">Sunday, 2 February</span><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/news-sochi-welcomes-first-athletes">Sochi Welcomes First Athletes</a></dt> <dd>The Coastal and Mountain Cluster Olympic Villages in Sochi have opened and are welcoming the teams that are taking part in the Olympic Winter Games.&nbsp;</dd> </dl> <a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/news" class="detail">See all</a> </div> </aside> </div> </div></div> <div id="footer"> <div class="layout"> <div class="jump"> <a href="#">Up</a> </div> <ul class="links wide"> <li> <span class="caption"><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/about-us">About us</a></span> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/cultural-about">Cultural Olympiad</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/volunteers-about">Volunteers</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/development-about">Sustainability</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/partners-about">Partners</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/downloads-about">Material for download</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/heritage-about">Legacy </a></li> <li><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/education">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/logistics">Logistics</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/contacts">Contacts</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/brand-aboute">Our Brand</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140205071327/http://tenders.sochi2014.com/en">Procurement</a></li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/tv-guide">TV Guide</a></li> </ul> </li> <li> <span class="caption">Sport</span> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/alpine-skiing">Alpine Skiing</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/biathlon">Biathlon</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/bobsleigh">Bobsleigh</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/cross-country">Cross-Country</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/curling">Curling</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/figure-skating">Figure Skating</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/freestyle-skiing">Freestyle Skiing</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/ice-hockey">Ice Hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/luge">Luge</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/nordic-combined">Nordic Combined</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/short-track">Short Track</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/skeleton">Skeleton</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/ski-jumping">Ski Jumping</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/snowboard">Snowboard</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/speed-skating">Speed Skating</a></li> </ul> </li> <li> <span class="caption"><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/press-center-about">Press Center</a></span> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/pressreleases">Press releases</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/press-events">Press Events </a></li> <li><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/press-center-accreditation">Accreditation</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/results-books">Results Books</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><span class="caption">About site</span> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/sitemap">Sitemap</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/use-of-cookies">Use of Cookies</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/terms-of-use">Terms of Use</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/internet-safety">Internet safety </a></li> <li><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/mobile-applications">Mobile Applications</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/accessibility-for-people-with-disabilities">Accessibility for people with disabilities</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/privacy-policy">Privacy Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/feedback">Feedback</a></li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/widget-medal-standings">Widgets</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/search">Search</a></li> </ul> <ul> <li><a title="mobile" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140205071327/http://m.sochi2014.com/en/development-about" onclick="setPrefs('en-mob'); ">Go to mobile version</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="paralympic"><a href="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/paralympic">Paralympic Games</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="layout"> <div id="bottom"> <menu class="navigation"> <li>Sochi 2014</li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140205071327/http://shop.sochi2014.com/en/">Shop</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140205071327/http://tickets.sochi2014.com/?language=en">Tickets</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140205071327/http://torchrelay.sochi2014.com/en/">Relay</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140205071327/http://talisman.sochi2014.com/en/">Mascots</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140205071327/http://vol.sochi2014.com/en/">Volunteers</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140205071327/http://culture.sochi2014.com/en/">Culture</a></li> <li class="more"><span class="point cyan" data-action="navigation" title="Extra points">More</span> <menu> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140205071327/http://job.sochi2014.com/">Job</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140205071327/http://brand-pro.goznak.ru/?l=en">Authentication</a></li> </menu> </li> </menu> <form action="/web/20140205071327/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/search" method="GET" class="search"> <div class="container" data-error-container="q"> <input type="text" name="q" required placeholder="Searching" data-error-text="Fill this field"> <button type="submit">Search</button> </div> </form> </div> <div class="copy">© 2014 Organizing Committee of the XXII Olympic Winter Games and XI Paralympic Winter Games of 2014 in Sochi</div> </div> </div> </div> </body> </html> <!-- FILE ARCHIVED ON 07:13:27 Feb 05, 2014 AND RETRIEVED FROM THE INTERNET ARCHIVE ON 23:34:38 Dec 03, 2024. JAVASCRIPT APPENDED BY WAYBACK MACHINE, COPYRIGHT INTERNET ARCHIVE. ALL OTHER CONTENT MAY ALSO BE PROTECTED BY COPYRIGHT (17 U.S.C. SECTION 108(a)(3)). --> <!-- playback timings (ms): captures_list: 0.508 exclusion.robots: 0.025 exclusion.robots.policy: 0.016 esindex: 0.011 cdx.remote: 8.06 LoadShardBlock: 113.996 (3) PetaboxLoader3.datanode: 147.279 (4) load_resource: 140.255 PetaboxLoader3.resolve: 53.463 -->

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10