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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prehistory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Prehistory</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prehistory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-European_exploration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#European_exploration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>European exploration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-European_exploration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-British_settlement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#British_settlement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>British settlement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-British_settlement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Growth_and_development_of_Melbourne" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Growth_and_development_of_Melbourne"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Growth and development of Melbourne</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Growth_and_development_of_Melbourne-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Beaches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Beaches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Beaches</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Beaches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rivers_and_creeks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rivers_and_creeks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Rivers and creeks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rivers_and_creeks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Islands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Islands</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Islands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Surrounding_mountains_and_hills" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Surrounding_mountains_and_hills"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Surrounding mountains and hills</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Surrounding_mountains_and_hills-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Surrounding_lakes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Surrounding_lakes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Surrounding lakes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Surrounding_lakes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ecology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ecology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Ecology</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ecology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Ecology subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ecology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Original_flora_and_fauna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Original_flora_and_fauna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Original flora and fauna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Original_flora_and_fauna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cetaceans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cetaceans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Cetaceans</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cetaceans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Burrunan_dolphins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Burrunan_dolphins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1.1</span> <span>Burrunan dolphins</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Burrunan_dolphins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shellfish_reefs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shellfish_reefs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Shellfish reefs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shellfish_reefs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environmental_issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environmental_issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Environmental issues</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environmental_issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shipping" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shipping"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Shipping</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Shipping-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Shipping subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Shipping-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-History_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shipping_channels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shipping_channels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Shipping channels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shipping_channels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shipping_and_cargo_docks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shipping_and_cargo_docks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Shipping and cargo docks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shipping_and_cargo_docks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ferries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ferries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Ferries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ferries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_features" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_features"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Other features</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Other_features-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Other features subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Other_features-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Flagship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flagship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Flagship</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flagship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lighthouses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lighthouses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Lighthouses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lighthouses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shipwrecks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shipwrecks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Shipwrecks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shipwrecks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recreation_and_sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recreation_and_sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Recreation and sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recreation_and_sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Port Phillip</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 26 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-26" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">26 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AC_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A8" title="خليج بورت فيليب – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="خليج بورت فيليب" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82-%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BF" title="Порт-Філіп – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Порт-Філіп" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82-%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BF_(%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Порт-Філіп (затока) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Порт-Філіп (затока)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_Phillip_Bay" title="Port Phillip Bay – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Port Phillip Bay" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_Phillip" title="Port Phillip – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Port Phillip" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_Phillip" title="Port Phillip – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Port Phillip" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bah%C3%ADa_Port_Phillip" title="Bahía Port Phillip – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bahía Port Phillip" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baie_de_Port_Phillip" title="Baie de Port Phillip – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Baie de Port Phillip" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_Phillip" title="Port Phillip – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Port Phillip" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A1_Port_Phillip" title="Bá Port Phillip – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Bá Port Phillip" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%C3%ADa_de_Port_Phillip" title="Baía de Port Phillip – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Baía de Port Phillip" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8F%AC%ED%8A%B8_%ED%95%84%EB%A6%BD" title="포트 필립 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="포트 필립" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_Phillip" title="Port Phillip – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Port Phillip" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baia_di_Port_Phillip" title="Baia di Port Phillip – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Baia di Port Phillip" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%98_%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A4" title="פורט פיליפ – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פורט פיליפ" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_Filipo_%C4%AFlanka" title="Port Filipo įlanka – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Port Filipo įlanka" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_Phillip" title="Port Phillip – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Port Phillip" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9D%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88%E3%83%95%E3%82%A3%E3%83%AA%E3%83%83%E3%83%97%E6%B9%BE" title="ポートフィリップ湾 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ポートフィリップ湾" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_Phillip" title="Port Phillip – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Port Phillip" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_Phillip" title="Port Phillip – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Port Phillip" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%C3%ADa_de_Port_Phillip" title="Baía de Port Phillip – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Baía de Port Phillip" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82-%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BF" title="Порт-Филлип – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Порт-Филлип" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_Phillip_Bay" title="Port Phillip Bay – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Port Phillip Bay" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_Phillip" title="Port Phillip – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Port Phillip" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Port_Phillip&params=38_09_S_144_52_E_region:AU_type:waterbody_scale:1000000"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">38°09′S</span> <span class="longitude">144°52′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">38.150°S 144.867°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-38.150; 144.867</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Bay in Victoria, Australia</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the bay. For the local government area, see <a href="/wiki/City_of_Port_Phillip" title="City of Port Phillip">City of Port Phillip</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Port_Phillip_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Port Phillip (disambiguation)">Port Phillip (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="background-color: #cedeff; font-size: 125%;">Port Phillip</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader nickname" style="font-size:100%; border-bottom: 1px solid #cedeff;">Port Phillip Bay</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="line-height: 1.2; border-bottom: 1px solid #cedeff;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Melbourne_Across_Port_Philip.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Melbourne_Across_Port_Philip.jpg/250px-Melbourne_Across_Port_Philip.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Melbourne_Across_Port_Philip.jpg/375px-Melbourne_Across_Port_Philip.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Melbourne_Across_Port_Philip.jpg/500px-Melbourne_Across_Port_Philip.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="1949" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The <a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Melbourne" title="List of tallest buildings in Melbourne">Melbourne skyline</a>, seen across Port Phillip.</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="line-height: 1.2; border-bottom: 1px solid #cedeff;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:256px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:256px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:256px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Australia_Victoria_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Port Phillip is located in Victoria"><img alt="Port Phillip is located in Victoria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Australia_Victoria_relief_location_map.jpg/256px-Australia_Victoria_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="256" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Australia_Victoria_relief_location_map.jpg/384px-Australia_Victoria_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Australia_Victoria_relief_location_map.jpg/512px-Australia_Victoria_relief_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1375" data-file-height="967" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:79.091%;left:43.99%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Port Phillip"><img alt="Port Phillip" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Port Phillip</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="line-height: 1.2; border-bottom: 1px solid #cedeff;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Portphillip.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Portphillip.gif/250px-Portphillip.gif" decoding="async" width="250" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Portphillip.gif/375px-Portphillip.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Portphillip.gif/500px-Portphillip.gif 2x" data-file-width="671" data-file-height="527" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Map of the Port Phillip area</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span title="Geographical coordinates">Coordinates</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Port_Phillip&params=38_09_S_144_52_E_region:AU_type:waterbody_scale:1000000"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">38°09′S</span> <span class="longitude">144°52′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">38.150°S 144.867°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-38.150; 144.867</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Body_of_water#Waterbody_types" title="Body of water">Type</a></th><td class="infobox-data category">Saline, Permanent, Natural</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Inflow_(hydrology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Inflow (hydrology)"><span title="Primary inflows: rivers, streams, precipitation">Primary inflows</span></a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Yarra_River" title="Yarra River">Yarra River</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patterson_River" title="Patterson River">Patterson River</a>, <a href="/wiki/Werribee_River" title="Werribee River">Werribee River</a>, <a href="/wiki/Little_River_(Greater_Geelong)" title="Little River (Greater Geelong)">Little River</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kororoit_Creek" title="Kororoit Creek">Kororoit Creek</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Discharge_(hydrology)" title="Discharge (hydrology)"><span title="Primary outflows: rivers, streams, evaporation">Primary outflows</span></a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bass_Strait" title="Bass Strait">Bass Strait</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Drainage_basin" title="Drainage basin">Basin</a> countries</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-bottom: #cedeff 1px solid"></th></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Surface area</th><td class="infobox-data">1,930 km<sup>2</sup> (750 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Average depth</th><td class="infobox-data">8 m (26 ft)</td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Max. depth</th><td class="infobox-data">24 m (79 ft)</td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Water volume</th><td class="infobox-data">25 km<sup>3</sup> (6.0 cu mi)</td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Shore length<sup>1</sup></th><td class="infobox-data">264 km (164 mi)</td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Surface elevation</th><td class="infobox-data">0 m (0 ft)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-bottom: #cedeff 1px solid"></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Category:Islands_by_body_of_water" title="Category:Islands by body of water">Islands</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Swan_Island_(Victoria)" title="Swan Island (Victoria)">Swan Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duck_Island_(Victoria)" title="Duck Island (Victoria)">Duck Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mud_Islands" title="Mud Islands">Mud Islands</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Settlements</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geelong" title="Geelong">Geelong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frankston,_Victoria" title="Frankston, Victoria">Frankston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mornington,_Victoria" title="Mornington, Victoria">Mornington</a>, <a href="/wiki/Queenscliff,_Victoria" title="Queenscliff, Victoria">Queenscliff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sorrento,_Victoria" title="Sorrento, Victoria">Sorrento</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #cedeff; border-top: 1px solid #cedeff"><sup>1</sup> Shore length is <a href="/wiki/Coastline_paradox" title="Coastline paradox">not a well-defined measure</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Port Phillip </b> (<a href="/wiki/Kulin_languages" title="Kulin languages">Kulin</a>: <i>Narm-Narm</i><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) or <b>Port Phillip Bay</b> is a horsehead-shaped <a href="/wiki/Bay#Types" title="Bay">enclosed bay</a> on the central coast of southern <a href="/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria (Australia)">Victoria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>. The bay opens into the <a href="/wiki/Bass_Strait" title="Bass Strait">Bass Strait</a> via a short, narrow <a href="/wiki/Channel_(geography)" title="Channel (geography)">channel</a> known as <a href="/wiki/The_Rip" title="The Rip">The Rip</a>, and is completely surrounded by <a href="/wiki/Suburbs_and_localities_(Australia)" title="Suburbs and localities (Australia)">localities</a> of Victoria's two largest cities — metropolitan <a href="/wiki/Greater_Melbourne" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Melbourne">Greater Melbourne</a> in the bay's main eastern portion north of the <a href="/wiki/Mornington_Peninsula" title="Mornington Peninsula">Mornington Peninsula</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/City_of_Greater_Geelong" title="City of Greater Geelong">city of Greater Geelong</a> in the much smaller western portion (known as the <a href="/wiki/Corio_Bay" title="Corio Bay">Corio Bay</a>) north of the <a href="/wiki/Bellarine_Peninsula" title="Bellarine Peninsula">Bellarine Peninsula</a>. Geographically, the bay covers 1,930 km<sup>2</sup> (750 sq mi) and the shore stretches roughly 264 km (164 mi), with the volume of water around 25 km<sup>3</sup> (6.0 cu mi). Most of the bay is navigable, although it is extremely shallow for its size — the deepest portion is only 24 m (79 ft) and half the bay is shallower than 8 m (26 ft). Its waters and coast are home to <a href="/wiki/Pinniped" title="Pinniped">seals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Whale" title="Whale">whales</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dolphin" title="Dolphin">dolphins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coral" title="Coral">corals</a> and many kinds of <a href="/wiki/Seabird" title="Seabird">seabirds</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bird_migration" title="Bird migration">migratory</a> <a href="/wiki/Wader" title="Wader">waders</a>. </p><p>Before <a href="/wiki/European_settlement_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="European settlement of Australia">European settlement</a>, the area around Port Phillip was divided between the territories of the <a href="/wiki/Wathaurong" class="mw-redirect" title="Wathaurong">Wathaurong</a> (west), <a href="/wiki/Wurundjeri" title="Wurundjeri">Wurundjeri</a> (north) and <a href="/wiki/Bunurong" class="mw-redirect" title="Bunurong">Boonwurrung</a> (south and east) people, all part of the <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Australian" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigenous Australian">indigeous</a> <a href="/wiki/Kulin_nation" title="Kulin nation">Kulin nation</a>. The first Europeans to enter the bay were the crews of <a href="/wiki/HMS_Lady_Nelson_(1798)" title="HMS Lady Nelson (1798)">HMS <i>Lady Nelson</i></a>, commanded by <a href="/wiki/John_Murray_(Australian_explorer)" title="John Murray (Australian explorer)">John Murray</a> and, ten weeks later, <a href="/wiki/HMS_Investigator_(1801)" title="HMS Investigator (1801)">HMS <i>Investigator</i></a> commanded by <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Flinders" title="Matthew Flinders">Matthew Flinders</a>, in 1802. Subsequent expeditions into the bay took place in 1803 to establish the first settlement in Victoria, near <a href="/wiki/Sorrento,_Victoria" title="Sorrento, Victoria">Sorrento</a>, but was abandoned in 1804. Thirty years later, settlers from <a href="/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania">Tasmania</a> returned to establish Melbourne (now Victoria's capital city) at the mouth of the <a href="/wiki/Yarra_River" title="Yarra River">Yarra River</a> in 1835, and Geelong at Corio Bay in 1838. Today, Port Phillip is the most densely populated catchment in Australia<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with an estimated 5.5 million people living around the bay; <a href="/wiki/List_of_localities_(Victoria)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of localities (Victoria)">Melbourne's suburbs</a> extend around much of the northern and eastern shorelines, and the city of Geelong sprawls around Corio Bay in the bay's western arm. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port_Phillip&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prehistory">Prehistory</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port_Phillip&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Prehistory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Port_Phillip_10,000.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Port_Phillip_10%2C000.PNG/220px-Port_Phillip_10%2C000.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Port_Phillip_10%2C000.PNG/330px-Port_Phillip_10%2C000.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Port_Phillip_10%2C000.PNG/440px-Port_Phillip_10%2C000.PNG 2x" data-file-width="514" data-file-height="523" /></a><figcaption>The course of the lower <a href="/wiki/Yarra_River" title="Yarra River">Yarra River</a> around 10,000 years ago, after the end of the <a href="/wiki/Last_Glacial_Period" title="Last Glacial Period">last Ice Age</a>, prior to the creation of Port Phillip.</figcaption></figure> <p>Port Phillip formed between the end of the <a href="/wiki/Last_Glacial_Period" title="Last Glacial Period">last Ice Age</a> around 8000 BCE and around 6000 BCE,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> when the <a href="/wiki/Sea-level" class="mw-redirect" title="Sea-level">sea-level</a> rose to drown the vast <a href="/wiki/River_plain" class="mw-redirect" title="River plain">river plains</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wetland" title="Wetland">wetlands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lake" title="Lake">lakes</a> at what was then the lower reaches of the <a href="/wiki/Yarra_River" title="Yarra River">Yarra River</a>. The ancient Yarra and its tributaries (the other present-day rivers of the Port Phillip catchment) flowed down what is now the middle of the bay, formed a coastal lake in the southern reaches of the bay dammed by <a href="/wiki/The_Rip" title="The Rip">The Heads</a>, and subsequently pouring out into a closed bay that formed over the western portion of the prehistoric Bassian Plain, which was later completely flooded and became <a href="/wiki/Bass_Strait" title="Bass Strait">Bass Strait</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Australian_Aborigine" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Aborigine">Aboriginal people</a> inhabited the area long before the bay was formed, with evidence of occupation dating at least 40,000 years ago. Settler records indicate an <a href="/wiki/Oral_tradition" title="Oral tradition">oral history</a> with at least 18,000 years of linearity when <a href="/wiki/Boonwurrung" title="Boonwurrung">Boonwurrung</a> Elder <a href="/wiki/Arweet" title="Arweet">Ningerranarro</a> spoke of his ancestors hunting <a href="/wiki/Kangaroo" title="Kangaroo">kangaroo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Phalangeriformes" title="Phalangeriformes">possum</a> where the Bay now lies.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Large piles of semi-fossilised seashells known as <a href="/wiki/Midden" title="Midden">middens</a> can still be seen in places around the shoreline, marking the spots where Aboriginal people held feasts. They made a good living from the abundant sea-life, which included <a href="/wiki/Penguin" title="Penguin">penguins</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pinniped" title="Pinniped">seals</a>. In the cold season, they wore <a href="/wiki/Possum-skin_cloak" title="Possum-skin cloak">possum-skin cloaks</a> and intricate feathered head-dresses. </p><p>A dry period combined with <a href="/wiki/Sand_bar" class="mw-redirect" title="Sand bar">sand bar</a> formation, may have dried the bay out as recently as between 800 BCE and 1000 CE.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Anthonys_Nose_(Victoria).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Anthonys_Nose_%28Victoria%29.jpg/220px-Anthonys_Nose_%28Victoria%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Anthonys_Nose_%28Victoria%29.jpg/330px-Anthonys_Nose_%28Victoria%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Anthonys_Nose_%28Victoria%29.jpg/440px-Anthonys_Nose_%28Victoria%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="852" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Anthonys_Nose_(Victoria)" title="Anthonys Nose (Victoria)">Anthony's Nose</a>, Dromana, 1920</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Seismicity" title="Seismicity">Seismicity</a> has been observed around the bay continually since the 1800s with earlier <a href="/wiki/Earthquake" title="Earthquake">earthquakes</a> recorded in local newspaper reports. <sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An earthquake that occurred in July 1885 was described in a newspaper.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>  </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"The earth-quake appears to have been confined to the southern portion of the colony, and principally to those places bordering on Bass's Straits and Port Phillip Bay. Telegrams to the Argus from Cowes, Flinders, Kangaroo Grounds, Mornington, Queenscliff, Eltham, Lilydale, Shoreham, and Cape Schanck, all mention the earthquake."</p></blockquote> <p><a href="/wiki/Anthonys_Nose_(Victoria)" title="Anthonys Nose (Victoria)">Anthonys Nose</a> is an <a href="/wiki/Escarpment" title="Escarpment">escarpment</a> landform of <a href="/wiki/Devonian" title="Devonian">Devonian</a> <a href="/wiki/Granite" title="Granite">granite</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Mornington_Peninsula" title="Mornington Peninsula">Mornington Peninsula</a> that is located where <a href="/wiki/Arthurs_Seat,_Victoria" title="Arthurs Seat, Victoria">Arthurs Seat</a> ends as the mountain falls steeply towards Port Phillip and is part of the <a href="/wiki/Selwyn_Fault" class="mw-redirect" title="Selwyn Fault">Selwyn Fault</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="European_exploration">European exploration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port_Phillip&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: European exploration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Victoria" title="History of Victoria">History of Victoria</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Murray_(Australian_explorer)" title="John Murray (Australian explorer)">John Murray (Australian explorer)</a></div> <p>In 1800, Lieutenant <a href="/wiki/James_Grant_(navigator)" title="James Grant (navigator)">James Grant</a> was the first known European to pass through Bass Strait from west to east in <a href="/wiki/HMS_Lady_Nelson_(1798)" title="HMS Lady Nelson (1798)">HMS <i>Lady Nelson</i></a>. He was also the first to see, and crudely chart, the south coast from <a href="/wiki/Cape_Banks" title="Cape Banks">Cape Banks</a> in South Australia to <a href="/wiki/Wilsons_Promontory" title="Wilsons Promontory">Wilsons Promontory</a> in Victoria. Grant gave the name "Governor King's Bay" to the body of water between <a href="/wiki/Cape_Otway" title="Cape Otway">Cape Otway</a> and Wilsons Promontory, but did not venture in and discover Port Phillip.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Charles_Grimes_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Charles_Grimes_map.png/220px-Charles_Grimes_map.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Charles_Grimes_map.png/330px-Charles_Grimes_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Charles_Grimes_map.png/440px-Charles_Grimes_map.png 2x" data-file-width="471" data-file-height="520" /></a><figcaption>1803 map by Charles Grimes of Port Phillip</figcaption></figure> <p>The first Europeans to find and enter Port Phillip, were the crew of the <i><a href="/wiki/HMS_Lady_Nelson_(1798)" title="HMS Lady Nelson (1798)">Lady Nelson</a></i>, commanded by <a href="/wiki/John_Murray,_Australian_explorer" class="mw-redirect" title="John Murray, Australian explorer">John Murray</a>, which entered the bay on 15 February 1802.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-story_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-story-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bay was then known as Narm-Narm by the people of the <a href="/wiki/Kulin_nation" title="Kulin nation">Kulin</a> tribe, and Murray called the bay Port King after the <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_New_South_Wales" title="Governor of New South Wales">Governor of New South Wales</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philip_Gidley_King" title="Philip Gidley King">Philip Gidley King</a>. On 4 September 1805,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> King formally renamed it Port Phillip, in honour of his predecessor <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Phillip" title="Arthur Phillip">Arthur Phillip</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Murray chose to base the <i>Lady Nelson</i> off what is now known as Sorrento Beach. </p><p>During this voyage, Murray records in his journal his first encounter with local <a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_Australians" title="Aboriginal Australians">Aboriginal</a> peoples. This initially friendly encounter started with trading, eating, and gifting, and was suddenly interrupted by a violent ambush by a large group of Aboriginal people. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"They were all clothed in opossum skins and in each basket a certain quantity of gum was found. ... if we may judge from the number of their fires and other marks this part of the country is not thin of inhabitants. Their spears are of various kinds and all of them more dangerous than any I have yet seen."</p></blockquote><p> The crew in response shot at the Aboriginal people, and continued to shoot at them as they fled, inflicting likely mortal wounds on two of the Aboriginal people. Watching from the boat, Murray ordered <a href="/wiki/Grapeshot" title="Grapeshot">grapeshot</a> and <a href="/wiki/Round_shot" title="Round shot">round shot</a> to be fired from the <a href="/wiki/Carronade" title="Carronade">carronades</a> aboard the ship at the fleeing Aboriginal people. Murray said <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"Thus did this treachery and unprovoked attack meet with its just punishment and at the same time taught us a useful lesson to be more cautious in future."</p></blockquote><p> After exploring the southern part of the bay, Murray formally took possession of the area on 8 March 1802 for <a href="/wiki/King_George_III" class="mw-redirect" title="King George III">King George III</a> of <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Great Britain</a> in a small ceremony at a place now known as the Point King Foreshore Reserve in <a href="/wiki/Sorrento,_Victoria" title="Sorrento, Victoria">Sorrento</a>. A few days later Murray sailed out of the heads and returned to <a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee1915[httpswwwgutenbergorgfiles75097509-h7509-hhtmLN-11_Chapter_6]_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee1915[httpswwwgutenbergorgfiles75097509-h7509-hhtmLN-11_Chapter_6]-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>About ten weeks after Murray, <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Flinders" title="Matthew Flinders">Matthew Flinders</a> in <a href="/wiki/HMS_Investigator_(1801)" title="HMS Investigator (1801)">HMS <i>Investigator</i></a> also found and entered the bay,<sup id="cite_ref-story_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-story-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> unaware Murray had been there. The official history of <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Baudin" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicholas Baudin">Nicholas Baudin</a>'s explorations in <i><a href="/wiki/Baudin_expedition_of_1800_to_1802" class="mw-redirect" title="Baudin expedition of 1800 to 1802">Le Géographe</a></i> claimed they too had sighted the entrance at that time (30 March 1802) but this is almost certainly a later embellishment or error, being absent from the ship's logs and Baudin's own accounts.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result of Murray's and Flinders' reports, King sent Lieutenant <a href="/wiki/Charles_Robbins_(Royal_Navy_officer)" title="Charles Robbins (Royal Navy officer)">Charles Robbins</a> in <a href="/wiki/HMS_Cumberland_(1803)" title="HMS Cumberland (1803)">HMS <i>Cumberland</i></a> to explore Port Phillip fully. This surveying party, which included <a href="/wiki/Charles_Grimes_(surveyor)" title="Charles Grimes (surveyor)">Charles Grimes</a>, produced a mostly complete chart of Port Phillip including the mouth of the <a href="/wiki/Yarra_River" title="Yarra River">Yarra River</a>, which they visited on 2 February 1803. Robbins found Aboriginal habitations and groups of Aboriginal people at <a href="/wiki/Tootgarook,_Victoria" title="Tootgarook, Victoria">Tootgarook</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carrum,_Victoria" title="Carrum, Victoria">Carrum Carrum</a>, on the banks of the Yarra and at <a href="/wiki/Geelong" title="Geelong">Geelong</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Fleming_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fleming-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="British_settlement">British settlement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port_Phillip&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: British settlement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Victoria" title="History of Victoria">History of Victoria</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ac.sorrento.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Ac.sorrento.jpg/220px-Ac.sorrento.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Ac.sorrento.jpg/330px-Ac.sorrento.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Ac.sorrento.jpg/440px-Ac.sorrento.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>The memorial at <a href="/wiki/Sorrento,_Victoria" title="Sorrento, Victoria">Sorrento</a> marking the site of the first British settlement on Port Phillip in 1803</figcaption></figure> <p>King decided to place a convict settlement at Port Phillip, mainly to stake a claim to southern Australia ahead of the French. On 10 October 1803 a convoy of two ships <a href="/wiki/HMS_Calcutta_(1795)" title="HMS Calcutta (1795)">HMS <i>Calcutta</i></a> and <i><a href="/wiki/Ocean_(1794_ship)" title="Ocean (1794 ship)">Ocean</a></i> led by Captain <a href="/wiki/David_Collins_(lieutenant_governor)" title="David Collins (lieutenant governor)">David Collins</a> carrying 402 people (5 Government officials, 9 officers of marines, 2 drummers, and 39 privates, 5 soldiers' wives and a child, and 307 convicts with 17 convicts' wives and 7 children) entered Port Phillip.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After some investigation it was decided to establish the settlement at a spot known as <a href="/wiki/Sullivan_Bay,_Victoria" title="Sullivan Bay, Victoria">Sullivan Bay</a>, very close to where <a href="/wiki/Sorrento,_Victoria" title="Sorrento, Victoria">Sorrento</a> now exists. The expedition landed at Sullivan Bay on 17 October 1803, and the first of the "orders" issued by Collins bears that date. On 25 October, the King's birthday, the British flag was hoisted over the tiny settlement and a little salvo of musketry celebrated the royal occasion.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 25 November the first white child was born in Victoria and was baptised on <a href="/wiki/Christmas_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Christmas Day">Christmas Day</a>, receiving the name of William James Hobart Thorne. The first marriage took place on 28 November, when a free woman, Hannah Harvey was wedded to convict Richard Garrett.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Small exploratory groups from this settlement surveyed a land route to Western Port and also sailed to the northwest shore of Port Phillip. On this latter journey, a large group of about 200 Aboriginal people came to meet the Britishers with "hostile intentions", and "with the application of fire-arms absolutely necessary to repel them", several Aboriginal people were shot.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lack of fresh water and good timber led this first British attempt at settlement in the region later known as Victoria to be abandoned on 27 January 1804. When Collins left Port Phillip, the <i>Calcutta</i> proceeded to <a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a>, and the <i>Ocean</i> to Risdon Cove in <a href="/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania">Tasmania</a>, where they arrived on 15 February 1804.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prior to abandonment, a group of convicts including <a href="/wiki/William_Buckley_(convict)" title="William Buckley (convict)">William Buckley</a>, escaped from the settlement. Buckley took up residence in a cave near Point Lonsdale on the western side of the bay's entrance, <a href="/wiki/The_Rip" title="The Rip">The Rip</a>, and later lived with an <a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_Australian" class="mw-redirect" title="Aboriginal Australian">Aboriginal Australian</a> group for many years, being given up for dead. </p><p>Port Phillip was then left mostly undisturbed until 1835, when settlers from Tasmania led by <a href="/wiki/John_Batman" title="John Batman">John Batman</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Pascoe_Fawkner" title="John Pascoe Fawkner">John Pascoe Fawkner</a> (who had been at the Sorrento settlement as a child) established Melbourne on the lower reaches of the Yarra. <a href="/wiki/John_Batman" title="John Batman">John Batman</a> encountered <a href="/wiki/William_Buckley_(convict)" title="William Buckley (convict)">William Buckley</a> who then became an important translator in negotiations with the local Aboriginal tribesmen. In 1838 <a href="/wiki/Geelong" title="Geelong">Geelong</a> was founded, and became the main port serving the growing wool industry of the <a href="/wiki/Western_District,_Victoria" class="mw-redirect" title="Western District, Victoria">Western District</a>. For a time Geelong rivalled Melbourne as the leading settlement on the bay, but the <a href="/wiki/Gold_Rush" class="mw-redirect" title="Gold Rush">Gold Rush</a> which began in 1851 gave Melbourne a decisive edge as the largest town in Victoria. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Growth_and_development_of_Melbourne">Growth and development of Melbourne</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port_Phillip&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Growth and development of Melbourne"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Port_Melbourne_Beacon_Cove.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Port_Melbourne_Beacon_Cove.jpg/220px-Port_Melbourne_Beacon_Cove.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Port_Melbourne_Beacon_Cove.jpg/330px-Port_Melbourne_Beacon_Cove.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Port_Melbourne_Beacon_Cove.jpg/440px-Port_Melbourne_Beacon_Cove.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5560" data-file-height="2516" /></a><figcaption>Beacon Cove beach and apartments in <a href="/wiki/Port_Melbourne" title="Port Melbourne">Port Melbourne</a></figcaption></figure> <p>As <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a> prospered, its wealthy classes discovered the recreational uses of Port Phillip. <a href="/wiki/City_of_Bayside" title="City of Bayside">Bayside</a> suburbs such as <a href="/wiki/St_Kilda,_Victoria" title="St Kilda, Victoria">St Kilda</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brighton,_Victoria" title="Brighton, Victoria">Brighton</a> were established on the east shore of the bay. Later, resorts further south such as <a href="/wiki/Sorrento,_Victoria" title="Sorrento, Victoria">Sorrento</a> and <a href="/wiki/Portsea,_Victoria" title="Portsea, Victoria">Portsea</a> became popular. The more swampy western shores of the bay were not so favoured, and have been used mainly for non-residential purposes such as agriculture, the <a href="/wiki/Point_Cook,_Victoria" title="Point Cook, Victoria">Point Cook</a> <a href="/wiki/Royal_Australian_Air_Force" title="Royal Australian Air Force">Royal Australian Air Force</a> base and the <a href="/wiki/Werribee_Sewage_Farm" class="mw-redirect" title="Werribee Sewage Farm">Werribee Sewage Farm</a>, and significant nature reserves. In recent decades the population along the western side of the bay has grown more rapidly. </p><p>In the 21st century, property along the Port Phillip coastline continues to be highly sought after. Port Phillip continues to be extensively used for recreational pursuits such as swimming, cycling, boating, and fishing. The bay also features a number of historical walks and fauna reserves.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The traditional land owners of the area have also been acknowledged at a number of sites. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port_Phillip&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Port_Phillip" title="Geography of Port Phillip">Geography of Port Phillip</a></div> <p>Port Phillip lies in southern Victoria, separated from <a href="/wiki/Bass_Strait" title="Bass Strait">Bass Strait</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Bellarine_Peninsula" title="Bellarine Peninsula">Bellarine Peninsula</a> to the southwest and <a href="/wiki/Mornington_Peninsula" title="Mornington Peninsula">Mornington Peninsula</a> to the southeast. It is the largest bay in Victoria and one of the largest inland bays in Australia. The narrow entrance to the bay, called <a href="/wiki/The_Rip" title="The Rip">the Rip</a>, between <a href="/wiki/Point_Lonsdale" title="Point Lonsdale">Point Lonsdale</a> and <a href="/wiki/Point_Nepean" title="Point Nepean">Point Nepean</a>, features strong tidal streams made turbulent by the uneven contours of the seabed. The best time for small craft to enter the Rip is at <a href="/wiki/Slack_water" class="mw-redirect" title="Slack water">slack water</a>. Large ships require expert local guidance to enter and exit, provided by the Port Phillip <a href="/wiki/Maritime_pilots" class="mw-redirect" title="Maritime pilots">maritime pilots</a>. Work has begun to <a href="/wiki/Port_Phillip_Channel_Deepening_Project" title="Port Phillip Channel Deepening Project">deepen the channel</a> entrance, to allow newer, larger <a href="/wiki/Container_ship" title="Container ship">container ships</a> to access Melbourne's docks. </p><p>The eastern side of the bay is characterised by sandy beaches extending from <a href="/wiki/St_Kilda,_Victoria" title="St Kilda, Victoria">St Kilda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sandringham,_Victoria" title="Sandringham, Victoria">Sandringham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beaumaris,_Victoria" title="Beaumaris, Victoria">Beaumaris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carrum,_Victoria" title="Carrum, Victoria">Carrum</a>, and down the <a href="/wiki/Mornington_Peninsula" title="Mornington Peninsula">Mornington Peninsula</a> to <a href="/wiki/Frankston,_Victoria" title="Frankston, Victoria">Frankston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Safety_Beach,_Victoria" title="Safety Beach, Victoria">Safety Beach</a>/<a href="/wiki/Dromana,_Victoria" title="Dromana, Victoria">Dromana</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rye,_Victoria" title="Rye, Victoria">Rye</a> to <a href="/wiki/Portsea,_Victoria" title="Portsea, Victoria">Portsea</a>. <a href="/wiki/Longshore_drift" title="Longshore drift">Longshore drift</a> carries <a href="/wiki/Sand" title="Sand">sand</a> from south to north during winter and from north to south during summer. Cliff <a href="/wiki/Erosion" title="Erosion">erosion</a> control has often resulted in sand starvation, necessitating offshore <a href="/wiki/Dredging" title="Dredging">dredging</a> to replenish the beach.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too vague attribution or weasel words. (July 2019)">which?</span></a></i>]</sup> On the western side of the bay there is a greater variety of beach types, including both sandy and sandstone rock beaches, seen at <a href="/wiki/Queenscliff,_Victoria" title="Queenscliff, Victoria">Queenscliff</a>, <a href="/wiki/St_Leonards,_Victoria" title="St Leonards, Victoria">St Leonards</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indented_Head,_Victoria" class="mw-redirect" title="Indented Head, Victoria">Indented Head</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portarlington,_Victoria" title="Portarlington, Victoria">Portarlington</a>, Altona and Geelong's <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Beach_(Victoria)" title="Eastern Beach (Victoria)">Eastern Beach</a>. Numerous <a href="/wiki/Sandbank" class="mw-redirect" title="Sandbank">sandbanks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shoal" title="Shoal">shoals</a> occur in the southern section of the bay, and parts of the South Channel require occasional maintenance dredging. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port_Phillip&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The region has an <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_climate" title="Oceanic climate">oceanic climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen</a> <i>Cfb</i>) with warm summers possessing occasional very hot days due to northerly winds and mild winters. Annual rainfall, which is evenly distributed over the year, shows considerable variation due to the Otway Ranges to the southwest: the northwestern shore of the bay is the driest part of southern Victoria and almost approaches a <a href="/wiki/Semi-arid_climate" title="Semi-arid climate">semi-arid climate</a> (<i>BSk</i>) with a mean annual rainfall as low as 425 millimetres (17 in) (comparable to <a href="/wiki/Nhill,_Victoria" class="mw-redirect" title="Nhill, Victoria">Nhill</a> or <a href="/wiki/Numurkah,_Victoria" class="mw-redirect" title="Numurkah, Victoria">Numurkah</a>), whilst the eastern shores less shielded by the Otways receive as much as 850 millimetres (33 in). Summer temperatures average around 25 °C (77 °F) during the day and 14 °C (57 °F) at night, but occasional northerly winds can push temperatures over 40 °C (104 °F), whilst in winter a typical day will range from 6 °C (43 °F) to 14 °C (57 °F). </p><p>Port Phillip is often warmer than the surrounding oceans and/or the land mass, particularly in spring and autumn; this can set up a "bay effect", similar to the "<a href="/wiki/Lake_effect_snow" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake effect snow">lake effect snow</a>" seen in colder climates, where showers are intensified leeward of the bay (particularly in <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a>'s <a href="/wiki/City_of_Frankston" title="City of Frankston">eastern suburbs</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Beaches">Beaches</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port_Phillip&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Beaches"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Beaches_in_Port_Phillip" title="Beaches in Port Phillip">Beaches in Port Phillip</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Port_Phillip_(Victoria)_seen_from_Frankston.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Port_Phillip_%28Victoria%29_seen_from_Frankston.jpg/220px-Port_Phillip_%28Victoria%29_seen_from_Frankston.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Port_Phillip_%28Victoria%29_seen_from_Frankston.jpg/330px-Port_Phillip_%28Victoria%29_seen_from_Frankston.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Port_Phillip_%28Victoria%29_seen_from_Frankston.jpg/440px-Port_Phillip_%28Victoria%29_seen_from_Frankston.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Port Phillip as seen from <a href="/wiki/Frankston,_Victoria" title="Frankston, Victoria">Frankston</a> on the eastern shore of the bay</figcaption></figure> <p>Port Phillip hosts many beaches, most of which are flat, shallow and long, with very small breaks making swimming quite safe. This attracts many tourists, mostly families, to the beaches of Port Phillip during the summer months and school holidays. Water sports such as <a href="/wiki/Body_boarding" class="mw-redirect" title="Body boarding">body boarding</a> and <a href="/wiki/Surfing" title="Surfing">surfing</a> are difficult or impossible, except in extreme weather conditions. However, stand up paddle boarding (SUP), kite surfing and wind surfing are very popular. Most sandy beaches are located on the bay's northern, eastern and southern shorelines, while the western shorelines host a few sandy beaches, there mostly exists a greater variety of beaches, swampy wetlands and mangroves. The occasional pebble beach and rocky cliffs can also be found, mostly in the southern reaches. </p> <ul><li>Major beaches include: <a href="/wiki/St_Kilda,_Victoria" title="St Kilda, Victoria">St. Kilda</a> Beach, <a href="/wiki/Brighton,_Victoria" title="Brighton, Victoria">Brighton</a> Beach, <a href="/wiki/Sandringham,_Victoria" title="Sandringham, Victoria">Sandringham</a> Beach, Dromana Beach</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rivers_and_creeks">Rivers and creeks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port_Phillip&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Rivers and creeks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Rivers: <a href="/wiki/Yarra_River" title="Yarra River">Yarra River</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maribyrnong_River" title="Maribyrnong River">Maribyrnong River</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patterson_River" title="Patterson River">Patterson River</a>, <a href="/wiki/Little_River,_Victoria" title="Little River, Victoria">Little River</a>, <a href="/wiki/Werribee_River" title="Werribee River">Werribee River</a>.</li> <li>Creeks: Elwood Canal, Mordialloc Creek, <a href="/wiki/Kananook_Creek" title="Kananook Creek">Kananook Creek</a>, Sweetwater Creek, Balcombe Creek, Chinamans Creek, <a href="/wiki/Cowies_creek" class="mw-redirect" title="Cowies creek">Cowies Creek</a>, Hovells Creek, <a href="/wiki/Kororoit_Creek" title="Kororoit Creek">Kororoit Creek</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Islands">Islands</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port_Phillip&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Islands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Due to its shallow depth, several artificial islands and forts have been built; however, despite the depth, it only hosts a few true islands. Many sandy, muddy banks and shallows exist in its southern reaches, such as <a href="/wiki/Mud_Islands" title="Mud Islands">Mud Islands</a>, but most islands are located in the marshy shallows of <a href="/wiki/Swan_Bay" title="Swan Bay">Swan Bay</a>. Some of the bay's major islands include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swan_Island_(Victoria)" title="Swan Island (Victoria)">Swan Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mud_Islands" title="Mud Islands">Mud Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duck_Island_(Victoria)" title="Duck Island (Victoria)">Duck Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Channel_Fort" title="South Channel Fort">South Channel Fort</a> (artificial)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope%27s_Eye" title="Pope's Eye">Pope's Eye</a> (artificial)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Surrounding_mountains_and_hills">Surrounding mountains and hills</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port_Phillip&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Surrounding mountains and hills"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arthurs_Seat.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Arthurs_Seat.JPG/220px-Arthurs_Seat.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Arthurs_Seat.JPG/330px-Arthurs_Seat.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Arthurs_Seat.JPG/440px-Arthurs_Seat.JPG 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Arthurs_Seat,_Victoria" title="Arthurs Seat, Victoria">Arthurs Seat</a> (305 m high) and <a href="/wiki/Dromana,_Victoria" title="Dromana, Victoria">Dromana Bay</a> in southern Port Phillip</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kitesurfing_Rye_Australia_DSC_2015.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Kitesurfing_Rye_Australia_DSC_2015.JPG/220px-Kitesurfing_Rye_Australia_DSC_2015.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Kitesurfing_Rye_Australia_DSC_2015.JPG/330px-Kitesurfing_Rye_Australia_DSC_2015.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Kitesurfing_Rye_Australia_DSC_2015.JPG/440px-Kitesurfing_Rye_Australia_DSC_2015.JPG 2x" data-file-width="968" data-file-height="648" /></a><figcaption>Kitesurfing at <a href="/wiki/Rye,_Victoria" title="Rye, Victoria">Rye</a> with <a href="/wiki/Arthurs_Seat,_Victoria" title="Arthurs Seat, Victoria">Arthurs Seat</a> in the background</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthurs_Seat,_Victoria" title="Arthurs Seat, Victoria">Arthurs Seat</a> 314 m</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Martha,_Victoria" title="Mount Martha, Victoria">Mount Martha</a> 160 m</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Eliza,_Victoria" title="Mount Eliza, Victoria">Mount Eliza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivers_Hill,_Victoria" title="Olivers Hill, Victoria">Olivers Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/You_Yangs" title="You Yangs">Flinders Peak</a> 364 m</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Surrounding_lakes">Surrounding lakes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port_Phillip&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Surrounding lakes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Park_Lake" class="mw-redirect" title="Albert Park Lake">Albert Park Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherry_Lake_(Victoria)" title="Cherry Lake (Victoria)">Cherry Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Borrie_Wetlands" title="Lake Borrie Wetlands">Lake Borrie</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_Carramar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lake Carramar (page does not exist)">Lake Carramar</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_Illawong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lake Illawong (page does not exist)">Lake Illawong</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_Legana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lake Legana (page does not exist)">Lake Legana</a> of <a href="/wiki/Patterson_Lakes,_Victoria" title="Patterson Lakes, Victoria">Patterson Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Connewarre" title="Lake Connewarre">Lake Connewarre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Victoria_(Victoria)" title="Lake Victoria (Victoria)">Lake Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAAF_Williams" title="RAAF Williams">RAAF Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sanctuary_Lakes,_Victoria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sanctuary Lakes, Victoria (page does not exist)">Sanctuary Lakes</a> (artificial)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Leonards_Salt_Lagoon" title="St Leonards Salt Lagoon">Salt Lagoon</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ecology">Ecology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port_Phillip&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Ecology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jellyfish_washed_up_on_Port_Melbourne_beach_at_sunset.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Jellyfish_washed_up_on_Port_Melbourne_beach_at_sunset.jpg/170px-Jellyfish_washed_up_on_Port_Melbourne_beach_at_sunset.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Jellyfish_washed_up_on_Port_Melbourne_beach_at_sunset.jpg/255px-Jellyfish_washed_up_on_Port_Melbourne_beach_at_sunset.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Jellyfish_washed_up_on_Port_Melbourne_beach_at_sunset.jpg/340px-Jellyfish_washed_up_on_Port_Melbourne_beach_at_sunset.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2441" data-file-height="3792" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jellyfish" title="Jellyfish">Jellyfish</a> washed up on <a href="/wiki/Port_Melbourne,_Victoria" class="mw-redirect" title="Port Melbourne, Victoria">Port Melbourne</a> beach</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Blue_Blubber_Jellyfish_IMGP2102.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Blue_Blubber_Jellyfish_IMGP2102.JPG/220px-Blue_Blubber_Jellyfish_IMGP2102.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Blue_Blubber_Jellyfish_IMGP2102.JPG/330px-Blue_Blubber_Jellyfish_IMGP2102.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Blue_Blubber_Jellyfish_IMGP2102.JPG/440px-Blue_Blubber_Jellyfish_IMGP2102.JPG 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jelly_blubber" title="Jelly blubber">Blue blubber jellyfish</a> in Port Phillip</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Jellyfish" title="Jellyfish">Jellyfish</a> are a familiar sight in Port Phillip, and its waters are home to species such as <a href="/wiki/Brown_fur_seal" title="Brown fur seal">Australian fur seals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bottlenose_dolphin" title="Bottlenose dolphin">bottlenose dolphins</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-cetacean_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cetacean-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Common_dolphin" title="Common dolphin">common dolphins</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-cetacean_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cetacean-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Humpback_whale" title="Humpback whale">humpback whales</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-cetacean_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cetacean-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Southern_right_whale" title="Southern right whale">southern right whales</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-toolkit_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-toolkit-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many other <a href="/wiki/Cetacea" title="Cetacea">cetacean</a> species may also migrate off the areas. The <a href="/wiki/Smooth_toadfish" title="Smooth toadfish">smooth toadfish</a> is one of the most common fishes in muddy areas.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bay has many endemic species including the bluedevil fish and fantastic sponge walls on the Lonsdale wall in the heads of the bay. It also hosts <a href="/wiki/Rookery" title="Rookery">breeding colonies</a> of <a href="/wiki/Australian_fur_seal" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian fur seal">Australian fur seals</a>. Occasionally, <a href="/wiki/Australian_sea_lion" title="Australian sea lion">Australian sea lions</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Arctocephalus_forsteri" title="Arctocephalus forsteri">New Zealand fur seals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Subantarctic_fur_seal" title="Subantarctic fur seal">subantarctic fur seals</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Leopard_seal" title="Leopard seal">leopard seals</a> may come into the bay as well.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Certain individual <a href="/wiki/Southern_elephant_seal" title="Southern elephant seal">southern elephant seals</a> may frequent the bay as well.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Swan_Bay" title="Swan Bay">Swan Bay</a>, adjacent to Queenscliff, is an important feeding ground for <a href="/wiki/Waterbird" class="mw-redirect" title="Waterbird">waterbirds</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bird_migration" title="Bird migration">migratory</a> <a href="/wiki/Wader" title="Wader">waders</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Mud_Islands" title="Mud Islands">Mud Islands</a>, off <a href="/wiki/Sorrento,_Victoria" title="Sorrento, Victoria">Sorrento</a>, are an important breeding habitat for <a href="/wiki/White-faced_storm_petrel" title="White-faced storm petrel">white-faced storm petrels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Silver_gull" title="Silver gull">silver gulls</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australian_pelican" title="Australian pelican">Australian pelicans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pacific_gull" title="Pacific gull">Pacific gulls</a>. <a href="/wiki/Salt_marsh" title="Salt marsh">Salt marshes</a> in the northwestern sections of the bay, such as that in the <a href="/wiki/Werribee_Sewage_Farm" class="mw-redirect" title="Werribee Sewage Farm">Werribee Sewage Farm</a> and the adjacent <a href="/wiki/Spit_Nature_Conservation_Reserve" title="Spit Nature Conservation Reserve">Spit Nature Conservation Reserve</a>, are within the <a href="/wiki/Port_Phillip_Bay_(Western_Shoreline)_and_Bellarine_Peninsula_Ramsar_Site" title="Port Phillip Bay (Western Shoreline) and Bellarine Peninsula Ramsar Site">Port Phillip Bay (Western Shoreline) and Bellarine Peninsula Ramsar Site</a>, listed as wetlands of international importance under the <a href="/wiki/Ramsar_Convention" title="Ramsar Convention">Ramsar Convention</a>, and the critically endangered <a href="/wiki/Orange-bellied_parrot" title="Orange-bellied parrot">orange-bellied parrot</a> is found at three wintering sites with saltmarsh habitat around Port Phillip and the <a href="/wiki/Bellarine_Peninsula" title="Bellarine Peninsula">Bellarine Peninsula</a>. A variety of <a href="/wiki/Seabird" title="Seabird">seabirds</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Australasian_gannet" title="Australasian gannet">Australasian gannets</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> nest on artificial structures in the bay. </p><p>Port Phillip contains 3 Marine Sanctuaries managed by Parks Victoria to protect and conserve the bay's biodiversity, ecological processes and the natural and heritage features. </p><p>Port Phillip's marine water quality is monitored by the <a href="/wiki/Environment_Protection_Authority_(Victoria)" title="Environment Protection Authority (Victoria)">Environment Protection Authority of Victoria</a><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was fluctuating between Good to Very Good across the bay in 2021-2022.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Original_flora_and_fauna">Original flora and fauna</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port_Phillip&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Original flora and fauna"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1906, <a href="/wiki/George_Gordon_McCrae" title="George Gordon McCrae">George Gordon McCrae</a> wrote two letters to a local schoolmaster at <a href="/wiki/Dromana,_Victoria" title="Dromana, Victoria">Dromana</a>, Mr G.H. Rogers. His subject was his earliest recollections of an idyllic boyhood spent at Arthur's Seat Run, location of the historic <a href="/wiki/McCrae_Homestead" title="McCrae Homestead">McCrae Homestead</a> on the southern shore of the bay, part of the <a href="/wiki/Mornington_Peninsula" title="Mornington Peninsula">Mornington Peninsula</a>. In the letters he described in detail the <a href="/wiki/Natural_history" title="Natural history">natural history</a> of the area in the 1840s, and the species he particularly remembered 60 years later. In 1939, Charles Daley read an article before the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Historical_Society_of_Victoria" title="Royal Historical Society of Victoria">Royal Historical Society of Victoria</a> based on these letters, which was published in its journal in 1940 the year after a large <a href="/wiki/Bushfires_in_Australia" title="Bushfires in Australia">bushfire</a> in January 1939 hastened the disappearance of much of the original surviving wildlife from the area. The names of the species reflect the titles given to them by the original European settlers of the bay.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <b>animals</b> he observed as a young boy were "immense droves of <a href="/wiki/Kangaroo" title="Kangaroo">kangaroos</a>, brush kangaroos or <a href="/wiki/Wallaby" title="Wallaby">wallaby</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tasmanian_pademelon" title="Tasmanian pademelon">paddy-melon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bandicoot" title="Bandicoot">bandicoots</a> (two varieties), great opossum (two varieties), ring tail, <a href="/wiki/Gliding_possum" title="Gliding possum">flying squirrel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Feathertail_glider" title="Feathertail glider">flying mouse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dingo" title="Dingo">dingoes</a> or wild dogs in the gullies, that were caught in box traps with sliding doors, porcupine ant eater or <a href="/wiki/Echidna" title="Echidna">echidna</a> that were at the back of Arthur's Seat mountain, the great iguana, tree lizard- 5 feet, python, and the rock or sleeping lizard." </p><p>The <b>trees</b> were coast banksia, honey suckle, and grass trees "with crowns for thatching". The gum of <i><a href="/wiki/Xanthorrhoea_australis" title="Xanthorrhoea australis">Xanthorrhoea australis</a></i> was used for carriage varnish. </p><p>In the <b>waters</b> of the bay he described "scallop shells which were used as an oil lamp with a bulrush wick, banks of <a href="/wiki/Cockle_(bivalve)" title="Cockle (bivalve)">cockles</a> covered with birds, grey and white gulls, a 13-16 lb size <a href="/wiki/Australasian_snapper" title="Australasian snapper">schnapper</a> ground off Mt Martha Point, <a href="/wiki/Abalone" title="Abalone">mutton fish</a> or venus ear- bait,<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> coatfish, <a href="/wiki/Parrotfish" title="Parrotfish">parrot fish</a>, leather jackets,<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Flathead_(fish)" title="Flathead (fish)">flathead</a>, dog fish,<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sting rays,<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> shark tailed rays,<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and pig fish<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that he thought to be "very old". </p><p>On the <b>beaches</b> could be sighted pelicans, penguins, grey and grey white gull, called "bungan" by aborigines (the <a href="/wiki/Bunurong" class="mw-redirect" title="Bunurong">Bunurong</a> Mayone-bulluk clan), small white and lavender gull, pied oyster catchers, terns, cormorants, the little sandpiper, and musk ducks. </p><p>In the <b>swamps</b> (which have since been filled in) were "The Nankeen bird with one long white feather behind the ear, The rail, The bittern, The snipe and jack snipe, Several ducks- wood duck, black duck, Teal, Spoonbill, Black swan Geese, Cranes, Blue and white coots, Water hens, Kingfishers here and there and swamp or ground parrot with the barred tail feathers." </p><p>In the <b>scrub by the waterholes</b> were "honey eaters, warblers, red coat robins, emu wren with 2 long feathers in tail, Laughing jack ass- everywhere, butcher bird, also known as shrike or whistling jackass, Quail where coverage good in bottom of scrub, turkey at Boneo and the big swamp off the property." </p><p>On <b>the flats</b> were found spur wing plovers, minas, and leatherheads. </p><p>In <b>timbers near the flats</b> were "many varieties of parrots, Lorry, Rosella, Blue mountain or honeysuckle parrot, Sulphur –crested white cockatoo, Black cockatoo of two kinds, Grey cockatoo with scarlet crest and Corella or cockatoo parrot." </p><p>Among the cherry trees in the garden at the homestead were "bronzewing pigeon and satin birds, love birds and honeyeating parakeets." </p><p><b>Birds of prey</b> were "eagle hawks, falcons, and owls, some white and of great size". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Cetaceans">Cetaceans</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port_Phillip&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Cetaceans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dauphin_australie_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Dauphin_australie_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Dauphin_australie_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Dauphin_australie_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Dauphin_australie_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Dauphin_australie_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Dauphin_australie_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1062" data-file-height="741" /></a><figcaption>Endemic <a href="/wiki/Burrunan_dolphin" title="Burrunan dolphin">Burrunan dolphin</a> in the bay</figcaption></figure> <p>Small numbers of <a href="/wiki/Common_dolphin" title="Common dolphin">common dolphins</a> have become residents in eastern parts of the bay since the late 2000s.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In recent years, the numbers of <a href="/wiki/Humpback_whale" title="Humpback whale">southern humpback</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southern_right_whale" title="Southern right whale">southern right whales</a> entering the bay of Port Phillip have shown increases.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unlike in <a href="/wiki/Portland,_Victoria" title="Portland, Victoria">Portland</a> and on <a href="/wiki/Great_Ocean_Road" title="Great Ocean Road">Great Ocean Road</a>, Southern Rights in eastern Victorian waters are still critically endangered<sup id="cite_ref-toolkit_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-toolkit-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in very small numbers; however, presences of cow-calf pairs in the bay in recent years indicate that Port Phillip was possibly once a wintering/calving ground for these whales.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They swim very close to shores to take rests in shallow, sheltered waters, sometimes just next to piers in <a href="/wiki/Frankston,_Victoria" title="Frankston, Victoria">Frankston</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Burrunan_dolphins">Burrunan dolphins</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port_Phillip&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Burrunan dolphins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The bay is home to about 100 to 150 of the recently described species of <a href="/wiki/Bottlenose_dolphin" title="Bottlenose dolphin">bottlenose dolphin</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Burrunan_dolphin" title="Burrunan dolphin">Burrunan dolphin</a> (<i>Tursiops australis</i>). The other 50 or so of this rare species are to be found in the <a href="/wiki/Gippsland_Lakes" title="Gippsland Lakes">Gippsland Lakes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shellfish_reefs">Shellfish reefs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port_Phillip&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Shellfish reefs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Port Phillip has lost over 95% of native flat oyster and blue mussel reefs since European settlement.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2014 the Port Phillip Shellfish Reef restoration project set about restoring shellfish reefs at two locations off Hobsons Bay near St Kilda, and off Corio Bay near Avalon. 300,000 native Angasi oysters were laid on limestone rubble over a 600 square metre area. The project aimed to improve marine biodiversity, water quality and fish habitat.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Environmental_issues">Environmental issues</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port_Phillip&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Environmental issues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Like the <a href="/wiki/Yarra_River" title="Yarra River">Yarra</a> which flows into it, Port Phillip faces the environmental concerns of pollution and water quality. Litter, silt and toxins can affect the beaches to the point where they are shut down by <a href="/wiki/Environment_Protection_Authority_(Victoria)" title="Environment Protection Authority (Victoria)">EPA Victoria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2008, the owner and master of Hong Kong-registered container vessel MV <i>Sky Lucky</i> were found liable for illegally disposing garbage into Port Phillip, convicted and fined $35,000.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An Environmental Management Plan has been adopted for 2017-2027 in order to improve and ensure the water quality is helping the marine life flourish as well as divide the supervising of the Bay between the government, community and industries.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Shipping">Shipping</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port_Phillip&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Shipping"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History_2">History</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port_Phillip&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Melbourne--swanston-dock-container-crane.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Melbourne--swanston-dock-container-crane.jpg/220px-Melbourne--swanston-dock-container-crane.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Melbourne--swanston-dock-container-crane.jpg/330px-Melbourne--swanston-dock-container-crane.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Melbourne--swanston-dock-container-crane.jpg/440px-Melbourne--swanston-dock-container-crane.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a><figcaption>Container crane and ship at the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Melbourne" title="Port of Melbourne">Port of Melbourne</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kluft-photo-Melbourne_and_Port_Phillip_Bay-Img_8386.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Kluft-photo-Melbourne_and_Port_Phillip_Bay-Img_8386.jpg/220px-Kluft-photo-Melbourne_and_Port_Phillip_Bay-Img_8386.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Kluft-photo-Melbourne_and_Port_Phillip_Bay-Img_8386.jpg/330px-Kluft-photo-Melbourne_and_Port_Phillip_Bay-Img_8386.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Kluft-photo-Melbourne_and_Port_Phillip_Bay-Img_8386.jpg/440px-Kluft-photo-Melbourne_and_Port_Phillip_Bay-Img_8386.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Port Phillip with Spirit of Tasmania ferry in port in Melbourne.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chinamans_hat_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Chinamans_hat_1.jpg/220px-Chinamans_hat_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Chinamans_hat_1.jpg/330px-Chinamans_hat_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Chinamans_hat_1.jpg/440px-Chinamans_hat_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1336" data-file-height="806" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Chinaman%27s_Hat_(Port_Phillip)" title="Chinaman's Hat (Port Phillip)">Chinaman's Hat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cape_fur_seal" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape fur seal">Australian fur seals</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Elwood_Beach.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Elwood_Beach.jpg/220px-Elwood_Beach.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Elwood_Beach.jpg/330px-Elwood_Beach.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Elwood_Beach.jpg/440px-Elwood_Beach.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2252" data-file-height="1205" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Elwood,_Victoria" title="Elwood, Victoria">Elwood</a> Beach & Port Phillip.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Point_Ormond_Victoria_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Point_Ormond_Victoria_2009.jpg/220px-Point_Ormond_Victoria_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Point_Ormond_Victoria_2009.jpg/330px-Point_Ormond_Victoria_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Point_Ormond_Victoria_2009.jpg/440px-Point_Ormond_Victoria_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>Point Ormond near <a href="/wiki/Elwood,_Victoria" title="Elwood, Victoria">Elwood, Victoria</a> (2009).</figcaption></figure> <p>The southern section of the Bay near the Heads is covered by extensive sand banks, known as the "Great Sand". A shipping channel was dredged in an east–west direction from the Heads to near Arthur's Seat late in the nineteenth century, and maintained ever since. Early shipping used piers at Sandridge (Port Melbourne), but later moved to various wharves along the Yarra River, which make up today's <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Melbourne" title="Port of Melbourne">Port of Melbourne</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Melbourne Harbor Trust and Geelong Harbor Trust were responsible for the piers and wharves in their respective cities — they are now the government owned <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Melbourne_Corporation" title="Port of Melbourne Corporation">Port of Melbourne Corporation</a> and the privately operated GeelongPort. </p><p>Today, the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Melbourne" title="Port of Melbourne">Port of Melbourne</a> has grown to become Australia's busiest commercial port, serving Australia's second largest city and handling an enormous amount of imports and exports into and out of the country. The <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Geelong" title="Port of Geelong">Port of Geelong</a> also handles a large volume of dry bulk and oil, while nearby <a href="/wiki/Hastings,_Victoria" title="Hastings, Victoria">Port of Hastings</a> on <a href="/wiki/Western_Port" title="Western Port">Western Port</a> handles steel and oil products. </p><p>In 2004 the Victorian Government launched the <a href="/wiki/Port_Phillip_Channel_Deepening_Project" title="Port Phillip Channel Deepening Project">Port Phillip Channel Deepening Project</a> to deepen the existing shipping channels and the lower Yarra to accommodate deeper draft vessels. The lower Yarra sediments were identified as likely to be contaminated with toxic chemicals and heavy metals, and were to be contained within a sealed berm clear of the shipping channels south of the Yarra entrance. The vessel chosen for the dredging is the <a href="/wiki/Queen_of_the_Netherlands_(ship)" title="Queen of the Netherlands (ship)">Queen of the Netherlands</a>. 52 environmental groups, recreational fishing groups, and divers' groups formed the "<a href="/wiki/Blue_Wedges" title="Blue Wedges">Blue Wedges</a>" group to oppose the proposed channel deepening and dredging with organised protests carried out, culminating in the group taking action in the Federal Court in January 2008 against the Commonwealth to stop it signing off on the project.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 15 January 2008 it was announced that their appeal was dismissed,<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with dredging starting soon after. The government announced the completion of works in November 2009, ahead of schedule and $200 million under budget.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shipping_channels">Shipping channels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port_Phillip&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Shipping channels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>South Channel</b> – Extends from the area of the rip in an easterly direction where it terminates off the coast of Arthurs Seat. Vessels with a draught of 14.0m can be navigated through the channel at all tides. This is the main commercial shipping channel in the south of the bay allowing large ships access between the entrance of the bay and its middle regions.</li> <li><b>West Channel</b> – Extends from the area of the rip, heads towards the north-west and ends off the coast of <a href="/wiki/St_Leonards,_Victoria" title="St Leonards, Victoria">St Leonards</a>. The depth varies, in May 1998 there was a minimum of 4.1 metres. Non-commercial vessels are still navigated through the channel; however, it is no longer used for commercial shipping.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/The_Rip" title="The Rip">The Rip</a></b> – Also referred to as "the heads" for shipping purposes, vessels with a draught of 14.0m can be navigated through the Heads during any height of tide. However, the passage of vessels can be restricted when the current through the rip is too strong. The flow through the Rip can be up to 8 knots dependent on the range of tide and environmental conditions.</li> <li><b>Melbourne Channels</b> – Extends northwards through Hobsons Bay towards Station Pier and the entrance to the Yarra River. It is dredged to a depth of 15.5 metres and is the main shipping channel through the north of the bay into Melbourne's ports and docks. The channels include:</li></ul> <dl><dd>Melbourne Channel</dd> <dd>Williamstown Channel</dd> <dd>Port Melbourne Channel</dd></dl> <ul><li><b>Geelong Channels</b> – Begins off the coast of Point Richards and runs in a westerly direction through Outer Harbour and into Corio Bay where it splits in two heading north towards the modern <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Geelong" title="Port of Geelong">Port of Geelong</a> and south towards Cunningham Pier. The main Geelong channels are dredged to 12.3m. The City Channel while once used for wool exports is no longer used for commercial shipping. The channels include:</li></ul> <dl><dd>Point Richards Shipping Channel</dd> <dd>Wilson Spit Shipping Channel</dd> <dd>Hopetoun Shipping Channel</dd> <dd>City Channel</dd> <dd>Corio Channel</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shipping_and_cargo_docks">Shipping and cargo docks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port_Phillip&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Shipping and cargo docks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Bulk Grain Pier</li> <li>Corio Quay</li> <li>Cunningham Pier</li> <li>Gellibrand Pier</li> <li>Lascelles Wharf</li> <li>Point Henry Pier</li> <li>Point Wilson Pier</li> <li>Princes Pier</li> <li>Refinery Pier</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Station_Pier" title="Station Pier">Station Pier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Webb_Dock" title="Webb Dock">Webb Dock</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ferries">Ferries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port_Phillip&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Ferries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Searoad_Ferries" title="Searoad Ferries">Searoad Ferries</a> operates a vehicular ferry service across the mouth of the bay between <a href="/wiki/Queenscliff,_Victoria" title="Queenscliff, Victoria">Queenscliff</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sorrento,_Victoria" title="Sorrento, Victoria">Sorrento</a> using two roll-on roll-off vessels.</li></ul> <dl><dd>Between: Sorrento Pier, <a href="/wiki/Sorrento,_Victoria" title="Sorrento, Victoria">Sorrento</a></dd> <dd>And: The Cut Pier, <a href="/wiki/Queenscliff,_Victoria" title="Queenscliff, Victoria">Queenscliff</a></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Port_Phillip_Ferries" title="Port Phillip Ferries">Port Phillip Ferries</a> run twice daily fast ferry services between Melbourne Docklands and <a href="/wiki/Portarlington,_Victoria" title="Portarlington, Victoria">Portarlington</a> on the Bellarine Peninsula and Docklands and <a href="/wiki/Geelong" title="Geelong">Geelong</a>. In 2017 they commissioned a new <a href="/wiki/Incat" title="Incat">Incat</a> ferry <i>Bellarine Express</i>. In 2019 it was joined by another Incat ferry of the same design <i>Geelong Flyer</i> which runs the service to Geelong.</li> <li>Ferries also run from <a href="/wiki/St_Kilda,_Victoria" title="St Kilda, Victoria">St Kilda</a> to <a href="/wiki/Williamstown,_Victoria" title="Williamstown, Victoria">Williamstown, Victoria</a> across <a href="/wiki/Hobsons_Bay" title="Hobsons Bay">Hobsons Bay</a>. These ferries, like the many recreational cruises, mostly operate for tourists and run around the bay in various locations.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_of_Tasmania" title="Spirit of Tasmania">Spirit of Tasmania</a> Ferry (passenger and vehicles)</li></ul> <dl><dd>Between: Spirit of Tasmania Quay, <a href="/wiki/Geelong" title="Geelong">Geelong</a></dd> <dd>And: <a href="/wiki/Devonport,_Tasmania" title="Devonport, Tasmania">Devonport, Tasmania</a></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_features">Other features</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port_Phillip&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Other features"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flagship">Flagship</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port_Phillip&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Flagship"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enterprize_Replica" class="mw-redirect" title="Enterprize Replica">Enterprize</a> (1997) – Is Melbourne's Flagship, a replica of the <a href="/wiki/Enterprize_(1829)" class="mw-redirect" title="Enterprize (1829)">Enterprize (1830)</a>, the tall ship that brought the first European settlers to Melbourne. She sails around Port Phillip throughout the year, visiting ports at Geelong, Williamstown, Portarlington, Rye and Blairgowrie.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lighthouses">Lighthouses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port_Phillip&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Lighthouses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break"> <ul><li>Eastern Lighthouse<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (1854, 1883) – <a href="/wiki/McCrae,_Victoria" title="McCrae, Victoria">McCrae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queenscliff_High_Light" title="Queenscliff High Light">Queenscliff High Light</a> (1843, 1862) – <a href="/wiki/Queenscliff,_Victoria" title="Queenscliff, Victoria">Queenscliff</a></li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Queenscliff_Low_Light" title="Queenscliff Low Light">Queenscliff Low Light</a> (1863) – <a href="/wiki/Queenscliff,_Victoria" title="Queenscliff, Victoria">Queenscliff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Point_Lonsdale_Lighthouse" title="Point Lonsdale Lighthouse">Point Lonsdale Lighthouse</a> (1902) – <a href="/wiki/Point_Lonsdale,_Victoria" class="mw-redirect" title="Point Lonsdale, Victoria">Point Lonsdale</a></li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break"> <ul><li>Port Melbourne Lighthouses (1924) – <a href="/wiki/Port_Melbourne" title="Port Melbourne">Port Melbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Channel_Pile_Light" title="South Channel Pile Light">South Channel Pile Light</a> (1874) – Port Phillip</li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/West_Channel_Pile_Light" title="West Channel Pile Light">West Channel Pile Light</a> (1881) – Port Phillip</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Williamstown_Lighthouse" class="mw-redirect" title="Williamstown Lighthouse">Williamstown Lighthouse</a> (1840, 1849, 1934) – <a href="/wiki/Williamstown,_Victoria" title="Williamstown, Victoria">Williamstown</a></li></ul> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shipwrecks">Shipwrecks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port_Phillip&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Shipwrecks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some of the more significant and historic <a href="/wiki/Shipwreck" title="Shipwreck">shipwrecks</a> in the bay include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Salthouse_(ship)" title="William Salthouse (ship)"><i>William Salthouse</i></a> – sunk 600 metres northeast of <a href="/wiki/Pope%27s_Eye" title="Pope's Eye">Pope's Eye</a> (1841)</li> <li><i>Clarence</i> – sunk after running aground (1850)</li> <li><i>Will O' the Wisp</i> – sunk after running onto the sandbank William Sand, West Channel (1853)</li> <li><i>Mountain Maid</i> – sunk off <a href="/wiki/Swan_Island_(Victoria)" title="Swan Island (Victoria)">Swan Island</a> after a collision with SS <i>Queen</i> (1856)</li> <li><i>Joanna</i> – sunk after going around on the West Bank (1857)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_City_of_Launceston" title="SS City of Launceston"><i>City of Launceston</i></a> – sunk after a collision with <i>Penola</i> (1865)</li> <li><i>Eliza Ramsden</i> – sunk near the South Channel (1875)</li> <li><i>Wauchope</i> – beached at Portsea after she caught fire and part of her cargo exploded (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozone_(paddle_steamer)" title="Ozone (paddle steamer)"><i>Ozone</i></a> – scuttled off <a href="/wiki/Indented_Head,_Victoria" class="mw-redirect" title="Indented Head, Victoria">Indented Head</a> (1925)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMVS_Cerberus" title="HMVS Cerberus">HMAS <i>Cerberus</i></a> – scuttled in <a href="/wiki/Half_Moon_Bay,_Victoria" class="mw-redirect" title="Half Moon Bay, Victoria">Half Moon Bay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Black_Rock,_Victoria" title="Black Rock, Victoria">Black Rock</a> (1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_J3" title="HMS J3">HMAS <i>J3</i></a> – scuttled in <a href="/wiki/Swan_Bay" title="Swan Bay">Swan Bay</a> (1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_J7" title="HMS J7">HMAS <i>J7</i></a> – scuttled off <a href="/wiki/Hampton,_Victoria" title="Hampton, Victoria">Hampton</a> Beach (1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_River_Burnett" title="SS River Burnett"><i>River Burnett</i></a> – the first ship to survive hitting Corsair Rock (1955)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tourism">Tourism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port_Phillip&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The bay is one of Victoria's most popular tourist destinations. Many residents of Melbourne holiday on the shorelines of the bay, particularly the Bellarine (South west, near Geelong) and Mornington (south east of Melbourne) Peninsulas, most annually, either camping in tents, caravan or villas in <a href="/wiki/Caravan_park" class="mw-redirect" title="Caravan park">caravan parks</a>, sharing rental houses or staying in holiday homes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recreation_and_sport">Recreation and sport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port_Phillip&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Recreation and sport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St_Kilda_speed.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/St_Kilda_speed.jpg/220px-St_Kilda_speed.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/St_Kilda_speed.jpg/330px-St_Kilda_speed.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/St_Kilda_speed.jpg/440px-St_Kilda_speed.jpg 2x" data-file-width="813" data-file-height="545" /></a><figcaption>Kitesurfing at <a href="/wiki/St_Kilda,_Victoria" title="St Kilda, Victoria">St Kilda</a> on Port Phillip, Australia</figcaption></figure> <p>Port Phillip's mostly flat topography and moderate waves make perfect conditions for recreational <a href="/wiki/Human_swimming" class="mw-redirect" title="Human swimming">swimming</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kitesurfing" class="mw-redirect" title="Kitesurfing">kitesurfing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Windsurfing" title="Windsurfing">windsurfing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sailing" title="Sailing">sailing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boating" title="Boating">boating</a>, <a href="/wiki/Snorkeling" title="Snorkeling">snorkeling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scuba_diving" title="Scuba diving">scuba diving</a>, stand up paddle boarding (SUP) and other sports. </p><p>Port Phillip is home to 36 <a href="/wiki/Yacht_club" title="Yacht club">yacht clubs</a>. It also hosts the <a href="/wiki/Melbourne_to_Hobart_Yacht_Race" title="Melbourne to Hobart Yacht Race">Melbourne to Hobart</a> and Melbourne to <a href="/wiki/Launceston,_Tasmania" title="Launceston, Tasmania">Launceston</a> Yacht Races. Port Phillip is also home to a number of <a href="/wiki/Marina" title="Marina">marinas</a>, including large marinas at <a href="/wiki/St._Kilda,_Victoria" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Kilda, Victoria">St. Kilda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brighton,_Victoria" title="Brighton, Victoria">Brighton</a> and Geelong. For the <a href="/wiki/1956_Summer_Olympics" title="1956 Summer Olympics">1956 Summer Olympics</a>, it hosted the <a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_1956_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 1956 Summer Olympics">sailing</a> events.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dozens of <a href="/wiki/Surf_Lifesaving" class="mw-redirect" title="Surf Lifesaving">lifesaving clubs</a> dot Port Phillip, especially on the east coast from <a href="/wiki/Altona,_Victoria" title="Altona, Victoria">Altona</a> to <a href="/wiki/Frankston,_Victoria" title="Frankston, Victoria">Frankston</a>. These clubs provide volunteer lifesaving services and conduct sporting carnivals. </p><p>Port Phillip is also known as a temperate water <a href="/wiki/Scuba_diving" title="Scuba diving">scuba diving</a> destination. The shore dives from beaches and piers around the Bay provide a wide variety of experiences on day and night dives. Boat diving in Port Phillip provides access to a remarkable variety of diving environments including wrecks, reefs, drift dives, scallop dives, seal dives and wall dives. Of particular interest are the five scuttled J-Class World War 1 submarines and the Ships' Graveyard off Torquay. With 3 Marine Sanctuaries and easily accessible piers, Port Phillip is also popular for recreational snorkeling. </p><p>There are also a number of bike paths, including the <a href="/wiki/Bay_Trail_(Australia)" title="Bay Trail (Australia)">Bayside Trail</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Hobsons_Bay_Coastal_Trail" title="Hobsons Bay Coastal Trail">Hobsons Bay Coastal Trail</a>. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Melbourne_skyline_panorama_from_hobsons_bay.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Melbourne_skyline_panorama_from_hobsons_bay.jpg/700px-Melbourne_skyline_panorama_from_hobsons_bay.jpg" decoding="async" width="700" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/Melbourne_skyline_panorama_from_hobsons_bay.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="241" /></a><figcaption>Melbourne skyline (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 2005</span>) viewed from Hobsons Bay</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port_Phillip&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Victoria_%28Australia%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Victoria_%28Australia%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Victoria_%28Australia%29.svg/48px-Flag_of_Victoria_%28Australia%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Victoria_%28Australia%29.svg/64px-Flag_of_Victoria_%28Australia%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Victoria" title="Portal:Victoria">Victoria portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Nepean" title="Fort Nepean">Fort Nepean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Pearce" title="Fort Pearce">Fort Pearce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Queenscliff" title="Fort Queenscliff">Fort Queenscliff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Phillip_Bay_Bridge_proposals" title="Port Phillip Bay Bridge proposals">Port Phillip Bay Bridge proposals</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port_Phillip&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFClose2021" class="citation book cs1">Close, David Khyber (January 2021). <i>Buckley, Batman & Myndie: Echoes of the Victorian culture-clash frontier. Sounding 1: Before 1840 and Sounding 2: Dispossession At Melbourne</i>. BookPOD. pp. 22–157. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780992290405" title="Special:BookSources/9780992290405"><bdi>9780992290405</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Buckley%2C+Batman+%26+Myndie%3A+Echoes+of+the+Victorian+culture-clash+frontier.+Sounding+1%3A+Before+1840+and+Sounding+2%3A+Dispossession+At+Melbourne&rft.pages=22-157&rft.pub=BookPOD&rft.date=2021-01&rft.isbn=9780992290405&rft.aulast=Close&rft.aufirst=David+Khyber&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APort+Phillip" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150223121905/http://parkweb.vic.gov.au/explore/bays-rivers-and-ports/port-phillip">"Parks Victoria"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://parkweb.vic.gov.au/explore/bays-rivers-and-ports/port-phillip">the original</a> on 23 February 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Parks+Victoria&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fparkweb.vic.gov.au%2Fexplore%2Fbays-rivers-and-ports%2Fport-phillip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APort+Phillip" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBowler1966" class="citation web cs1">Bowler, J.M. (1966). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://portphillipmarinelife.net.au/publications/485437.pdf">"Port Phillip Survey 1957-1963: The Geology & Geomorphology"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria</i>. Melbourne: National Museum of Victoria<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Australian Broadcasting Commission<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=news+in+Science&rft.atitle=Port+Phillip+Bay+once+high+and+dry&rft.date=2011-04-14&rft.aulast=Gary&rft.aufirst=Stuart&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fscience%2Farticles%2F2011%2F04%2F14%2F3191726.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APort+Phillip" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Historical earthquakes in Victoria, Kevin McCue, Rockhampton, CQU, Queensland. See Fig.1, Map, seismicity of Victoria to 2009, Payne and others. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://aees.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/McCue_Vic_Earthquakes.pdf">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Earthquake in Victoria The Maitland Mercury, and Hunter River General Advertiser (NSW) : Thu 9 July 1885 Page 2 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/18879476?">[2]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Victorian resources online Sites of Geological and Geomorphological Significance on the Coast of Port Phillip Bay (1988) by Neville Rosengren <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://archive.today/20121127150551/http://vro.dpi.vic.gov.au/dpi/vro/portregn.nsf/pages/port_lf_sig_sites_anthony/">[3]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vro.agriculture.vic.gov.au/dpi/vro/portregn.nsf/pages/port_soil_morn_pen_soils_pdf/$FILE/mornington-peninsula-soils2.pdf">Soil/Landform Mapping Mornington Peninsula Shire</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Researchgate, Marine Geology of Port Phillip, Victoria. G.R, Holdgate, B.Geurin, M.W. Wallace, and S.J.Gallagher <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/229859143_Marine_geology_of_Port_Phillip_Victoria">[4]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLee1915" class="citation cs2">Lee, Ida (Mrs. Charles Bruce Marriott) (1915), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/logbooksofladyne00leei#page/n11/mode/2up"><i>The Logbooks of the 'Lady Nelson' with the Journal of Her First Commander Lieutenant James Grant</i></a>, London: Grafton and Company, p. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (June 2016)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup>, <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL6580132M">6580132M</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Logbooks+of+the+%27Lady+Nelson%27+with+the+Journal+of+Her+First+Commander+Lieutenant+James+Grant&rft.place=London&rft.pages=Category%3AWikipedia+articles+needing+page+number+citations+from+June+2016%3Csup+class%3D%22noprint+Inline-Template+%22+style%3D%22white-space%3Anowrap%3B%22%3E%26%2391%3B%3Ci%3EWikipedia%3ACiting+sources%7C%3Cspan+title%3D%22This+citation+requires+a+reference+to+the+specific+page+or+range+of+pages+in+which+the+material+appears.%26%2332%3B%28June+2016%29%22%3Epage-needed%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fi%3E%26%2393%3B%3C%2Fsup%3E&rft.pub=Grafton+and+Company&rft.date=1915&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL6580132M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Ida+%28Mrs.+Charles+Bruce+Marriott%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Flogbooksofladyne00leei%23page%2Fn11%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APort+Phillip" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLee1915">Lee 1915</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/logbooksofladyne00leei#page/134/mode/2up">134</a>–149</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-story-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-story_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-story_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Norman Houghton</i> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geelongaustralia.com.au/geelong/article/item/8d0779e8d5e7ee6.aspx">'The Story of Geelong'</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071028094637/http://www.geelongaustralia.com.au/Visiting_Geelong/History/Story_of_Geelong/">Archived</a> 28 October 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28633274">"Memorable incidents in Australian history"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sydney_Morning_Herald" title="The Sydney Morning Herald">The Sydney Morning Herald</a></i>. 6 October 1857. p. 2<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 December</span> 2012</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Trove" title="Trove">Trove</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=Memorable+incidents+in+Australian+history.&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1857-10-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnla.gov.au%2Fnla.news-article28633274&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APort+Phillip" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Port Phillip Conservation Council: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://home.vicnet.net.au/~phillip/env2stud.htm">Excerpts from the 'Port Phillip Survey 1957-1963'</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070920091236/http://home.vicnet.net.au/~phillip/env2stud.htm">Archived</a> 20 September 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELee1915[httpswwwgutenbergorgfiles75097509-h7509-hhtmLN-11_Chapter_6]-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee1915[httpswwwgutenbergorgfiles75097509-h7509-hhtmLN-11_Chapter_6]_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLee1915">Lee 1915</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/files/7509/7509-h/7509-h.htm#LN-11">Chapter 6</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><span class="citation gutenberg"><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Scott" title="Ernest Scott">Ernest Scott</a>. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gutenberg.org/ebooks/7450">Terre Napoleon: A history of French explorations and projects in Australia</a></i> at <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fleming-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fleming_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFleming2002" class="citation cs2">Fleming, James (2002), Currey, John (ed.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200328202500/https://www.livingmuseum.org.au/download%20pdf/Flemings%20Journal.pdf"><i>A journal of Grimes' survey : the Cumberland in Port Phillip January-February 1803</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, Malvern, Victoria: Banks Society Publications, p. 43, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-949586-10-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-949586-10-0"><bdi>978-0-949586-10-0</bdi></a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.livingmuseum.org.au/download%20pdf/Flemings%20Journal.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 28 March 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 April</span> 2020</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+journal+of+Grimes%27+survey+%3A+the+Cumberland+in+Port+Phillip+January-February+1803&rft.place=Malvern%2C+Victoria&rft.pages=43&rft.pub=Banks+Society+Publications&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-949586-10-0&rft.aulast=Fleming&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.livingmuseum.org.au%2Fdownload%2520pdf%2FFlemings%2520Journal.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APort+Phillip" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article4890461">"Correspondence"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Advertiser_(Adelaide)" title="The Advertiser (Adelaide)">The Advertiser</a></i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Shellfish+reef+restoration&rft.atitle=Shellfish+reefs&rft.date=2018-10-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.shellfishrestoration.org.au%2Fthe-solution%2Faustralian-projects%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APort+Phillip" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChoahan2017" class="citation news cs1">Choahan, Neelima (8 April 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.illawarramercury.com.au/story/4585038/victorias-only-native-oysters-to-make-their-comeback-to-clean-bay/">"Port Phillip Shellfish Reef restoration project underway"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Illawarra_Mercury" title="Illawarra Mercury">Illawarra Mercury</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Illawarra+Mercury&rft.atitle=Port+Phillip+Shellfish+Reef+restoration+project+underway&rft.date=2017-04-08&rft.aulast=Choahan&rft.aufirst=Neelima&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.illawarramercury.com.au%2Fstory%2F4585038%2Fvictorias-only-native-oysters-to-make-their-comeback-to-clean-bay%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APort+Phillip" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ryan, Kellie. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/more-news/summer-deluges-leave-port-phillip-bay-filthy/story-fn7x8me2-1226239368361">Summer deluges leave Port Phillip Bay filthy</a>. Herald Sun. 9 January 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131113044651/http://epanote2.epa.vic.gov.au/EPA/publications.nsf/2f1c2625731746aa4a256ce90001cbb5/58f1a95bb5f860a4ca2574fc007c64bb/%24FILE/1253.pdf">"Archived copy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://epanote2.epa.vic.gov.au/EPA/publications.nsf/2f1c2625731746aa4a256ce90001cbb5/58f1a95bb5f860a4ca2574fc007c64bb/$FILE/1253.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 13 November 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fepanote2.epa.vic.gov.au%2FEPA%2Fpublications.nsf%2F2f1c2625731746aa4a256ce90001cbb5%2F58f1a95bb5f860a4ca2574fc007c64bb%2F%24FILE%2F1253.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APort+Phillip" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFcoasts2023" class="citation web cs1">coasts, Marine and (27 June 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marineandcoasts.vic.gov.au/marine-and-coastal-knowledge/port-phillip-bay">"Port Phillip Bay Environmental Management Plan 2017-2027 (EMP)"</a>. <i>Marine and coasts</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Marine+and+coasts&rft.atitle=Port+Phillip+Bay+Environmental+Management+Plan+2017-2027+%28EMP%29&rft.date=2023-06-27&rft.aulast=coasts&rft.aufirst=Marine+and&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.marineandcoasts.vic.gov.au%2Fmarine-and-coastal-knowledge%2Fport-phillip-bay&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APort+Phillip" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091107034838/http://www.portofmelbourne.com/community/maritimeheritage/porthistory.asp">"History of the port"</a>. portofmelbourne.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.portofmelbourne.com/community/maritimeheritage/porthistory.asp">the original</a> on 7 November 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+the+port&rft.pub=portofmelbourne.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.portofmelbourne.com%2Fcommunity%2Fmaritimeheritage%2Fporthistory.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APort+Phillip" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLucas2007" class="citation news cs1">Lucas, Clay (5 December 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/legal-snag-for-bay-plan/2007/12/05/1196812786304.html">"Court threat to channel deepening"</a>. <i>The Age</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Age&rft.atitle=Court+threat+to+channel+deepening&rft.date=2007-12-05&rft.aulast=Lucas&rft.aufirst=Clay&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theage.com.au%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Flegal-snag-for-bay-plan%2F2007%2F12%2F05%2F1196812786304.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APort+Phillip" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLucas2008" class="citation news cs1">Lucas, Clay (16 January 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/bay-dredge-gets-goahead/2008/01/15/1200159426029.html">"Bay dredge gets go-ahead"</a>. <i>The Age</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Age&rft.atitle=Bay+dredge+gets+go-ahead&rft.date=2008-01-16&rft.aulast=Lucas&rft.aufirst=Clay&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theage.com.au%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fbay-dredge-gets-goahead%2F2008%2F01%2F15%2F1200159426029.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APort+Phillip" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDowling2009" class="citation web cs1">Dowling, Jason (26 November 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theage.com.au/national/labor-hails-dredging-success-says-bay-is-clean-20091125-jrtz.html">"Labor hails dredging success, says bay is clean"</a>. <i>The Age</i>. theage.com.au<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 November</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Age&rft.atitle=Labor+hails+dredging+success%2C+says+bay+is+clean&rft.date=2009-11-26&rft.aulast=Dowling&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theage.com.au%2Fnational%2Flabor-hails-dredging-success-says-bay-is-clean-20091125-jrtz.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APort+Phillip" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121003173411/http://www.lighthouse.net.au/lights/Vic/McCrae/Eastern%20Lighthouse.htm#Access">"The Eastern Lighthouse at McCrae"</a>. Lighthouse.net.au. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lighthouse.net.au/lights/Vic/McCrae/Eastern%20Lighthouse.htm#Access">the original</a> on 3 October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Eastern+Lighthouse+at+McCrae&rft.pub=Lighthouse.net.au&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lighthouse.net.au%2Flights%2FVic%2FMcCrae%2FEastern%2520Lighthouse.htm%23Access&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APort+Phillip" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.la84foundation.org/6oic/OfficialReports/1956/OR1956.pdf">1956 Summer Olympics official report.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080912181829/http://www.la84foundation.org/6oic/OfficialReports/1956/OR1956.pdf">Archived</a> 12 September 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> pp. 46-7.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Port_Phillip&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Port Phillip"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Port_Phillip">"Port Phillip" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 22 (11th ed.). 1911.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Port+Phillip&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APort+Phillip" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050718051322/http://www.bayside.vic.gov.au/beachguide/s-beach_guide_MAP.gif">Large-scale map of Port Phillip showing beaches and recreational facilities</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ppsp.com.au/">Port Phillip Sea Pilots</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081023081901/http://www.heritage.vic.gov.au/Maritime.aspx">Shipwreck Info at Heritage Victoria</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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Australia</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anderson_Inlet" title="Anderson Inlet">Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_Bay" title="Apollo Bay">Apollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaumaris_Bay" title="Beaumaris Bay">Beaumaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corio_Bay" title="Corio Bay">Corio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corner_Inlet" title="Corner Inlet">Corner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daveys_Bay" title="Daveys Bay">Daveys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinosaur_Cove" title="Dinosaur Cove">Dinosaur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discovery_Bay_(Australia)" title="Discovery Bay (Australia)">Discovery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Half_Moon_Bay_(Victoria)" title="Half Moon Bay (Victoria)">Half Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hobsons_Bay" title="Hobsons Bay">Hobsons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limeburners_Bay" title="Limeburners Bay">Limeburners</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Port Phillip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portland_Bay" title="Portland Bay">Portland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shallow_Inlet" title="Shallow Inlet">Shallow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swan_Bay" title="Swan Bay">Swan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waratah_Bay" title="Waratah Bay">Waratah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Port" title="Western Port">Western Port</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Islands_Coastal_Park" title="Bay of Islands Coastal Park">Bay of Islands Coastal Park</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Port_Phillip_Bay_(Western_Shoreline)_and_Bellarine_Peninsula_Ramsar_Site" title="Port Phillip Bay (Western Shoreline) and Bellarine Peninsula Ramsar Site">Port Phillip Bay (Western Shoreline) and Bellarine Peninsula Ramsar Site</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Swan_Bay_and_Port_Phillip_Bay_Islands_Important_Bird_Area" title="Swan Bay and Port Phillip Bay Islands Important Bird Area">Swan Bay and Port Phillip Bay Islands Important Bird Area</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Bays_of_Victoria_(state)" title="Category:Bays of Victoria (state)">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Waterways_of_the_Melbourne_Water_catchment,_Victoria,_Australia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Waterways_of_the_Melbourne_Water_catchment" title="Template:Waterways of the Melbourne Water catchment"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Waterways_of_the_Melbourne_Water_catchment" title="Template talk:Waterways of the Melbourne Water catchment"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Waterways_of_the_Melbourne_Water_catchment" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Waterways of the Melbourne Water catchment"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Waterways_of_the_Melbourne_Water_catchment,_Victoria,_Australia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Waterways of the Melbourne Water catchment, <a href="/wiki/Victoria_(state)" title="Victoria (state)">Victoria</a>, Australia</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rivers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bass_River_(Victoria)" title="Bass River (Victoria)">Bass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bunyip_River" title="Bunyip River">Bunyip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_River_(Victoria)" title="Don River (Victoria)">Don</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lang_Lang_River" title="Lang Lang River">Lang Lang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lerderderg_River" title="Lerderderg River">Lerderderg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_River_(Greater_Geelong)" title="Little River (Greater Geelong)">Little (Greater Geelong)</a></li> <li>Little Bass</li> <li>Little Lang Lang</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Yarra_River" title="Little Yarra River">Little Yarra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maribyrnong_River" title="Maribyrnong River">Maribyrnong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O%27Shannassy_River" title="O'Shannassy River">O'Shannassy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patterson_River" title="Patterson River">Patterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plenty_River_(Victoria)" title="Plenty River (Victoria)">Plenty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarago_River" title="Tarago River">Tarago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Old_River" title="The Old River">The Old</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watts_River" title="Watts River">Watts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werribee_River" title="Werribee River">Werribee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yarra_River" title="Yarra River">Yarra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Creeks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andersons_Creek" title="Andersons Creek">Andersons (Manningham)</a></li> <li>Arthurs</li> <li>Ararat</li> <li>Back (Cardinia)</li> <li>Balcombe</li> <li>Balliang</li> <li>Banyule</li> <li>Barbers</li> <li>Baxter</li> <li>Big Pats</li> <li>Blind</li> <li>Bolinda</li> <li>Boyd</li> <li>Britannia</li> <li>Bruces</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brushy_Creek_(Melbourne)" title="Brushy Creek (Melbourne)">Brushy</a></li> <li>Cannibal</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardinia_Creek" title="Cardinia Creek">Cardinia</a></li> <li>Cement</li> <li>Charlies</li> <li>Cherry</li> <li>Cockatoo</li> <li>Coranderrk (ex-Badger)</li> <li>Corhanwarrabul</li> <li>Dale</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dandenong_Creek" title="Dandenong Creek">Dandenong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darebin_Creek" title="Darebin Creek">Darebin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deep_Creek_(Pakenham,_Victoria)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deep Creek (Pakenham, Victoria) (page does not exist)">Deep (Cardinia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_Creek_(Melbourne)" title="Deep Creek (Melbourne)">Deep (Hume)</a></li> <li>Diamond (Cardinia)</li> <li>Diamond (Nillumbik)</li> <li>Dixons</li> <li>Djerriwarrh</li> <li>Drum Drum Alloc</li> <li>Dunns</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgars_Creek" title="Edgars Creek">Edgars</a></li> <li>Emu</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eumemmerring_Creek" title="Eumemmerring Creek">Eumemmerring</a></li> <li>Gisborne</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_Creek" title="Glass Creek">Glass</a></li> <li>Goodmans</li> <li>Hoddles</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackson_Creek_(Victoria)" title="Jackson Creek (Victoria)">Jackson</a></li> <li>Jones</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kananook_Creek" title="Kananook Creek">Kananook</a></li> <li>King Parrot (Baw Baw)</li> <li>Konagaderra</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koonung_Creek" title="Koonung Creek">Koonung Koonung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gardiners_Creek" title="Gardiners Creek">Kooyongkoot (ex-Gardiners)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kororoit_Creek" title="Kororoit Creek">Kororoit</a></li> <li>Labertouche</li> <li>Lollipop</li> <li>Longview</li> <li>Main</li> <li>Manton</li> <li>Mccrae</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merlynston_Creek" title="Merlynston Creek">Merlynston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merri_Creek" title="Merri Creek">Merri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moonee_Ponds_Creek" title="Moonee Ponds Creek">Moonee Ponds</a></li> <li>Mordialloc</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mullum_Mullum_Creek" title="Mullum Mullum Creek">Mullum Mullum</a></li> <li>Musk</li> <li>O'Mahoney's</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olinda_Creek" title="Olinda Creek">Olinda</a></li> <li>Pauls</li> <li>Parwan</li> <li>Pheasant</li> <li>Pykes</li> <li>Pyrites</li> <li>Reilies</li> <li>Riddells</li> <li>Ruffey</li> <li>Running (Nillumbik)</li> <li>Scrubby</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skeleton_Waterholes_Creek" title="Skeleton Waterholes Creek">Skeleton</a></li> <li>Spring (Moorabool)</li> <li>Starvation</li> <li>Steels</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stony_Creek_(Melbourne)" title="Stony Creek (Melbourne)">Stony (Maribyrnong)</a></li> <li>Stony (Mornington)</li> <li>Taylors</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toolern_Creek" title="Toolern Creek">Toolern</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toomuc_Creek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Toomuc Creek (page does not exist)">Toomuc</a></li> <li>Wandin Yallock</li> <li>Warringine</li> <li>Watsons</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woori_Yallock_Creek" title="Woori Yallock Creek">Woori Yallock</a></li> <li>Yallock</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lakes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Park_and_Lake" title="Albert Park and Lake">Albert Park Lake</a></li> <li>Caribbean Lake</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardinia_Reservoir" title="Cardinia Reservoir">Cardinia Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherry_Lake_(Victoria)" title="Cherry Lake (Victoria)">Cherry Lake</a></li> <li>Devilbend Reservoir</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenvale_Reservoir" title="Greenvale Reservoir">Greenvale Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lillydale_Lake" title="Lillydale Lake">Lillydale Lake</a></li> <li>Lysterfield Lake</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maroondah_Dam" title="Maroondah Dam">Maroondah Reservoir</a></li> <li>Melton Reservoir</li> <li>Merrimu Reservoir</li> <li>Pykes Creek Reservoir</li> <li>Rosslynne Reservoir</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruffey_Lake_Park" title="Ruffey Lake Park">Ruffey Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silvan_Reservoir" title="Silvan Reservoir">Silvan Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugarloaf_Reservoir" title="Sugarloaf Reservoir">Sugarloaf Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarago_Reservoir" title="Tarago Reservoir">Tarago Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Yarra_Reservoir" title="Upper Yarra Reservoir">Upper Yarra Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yan_Yean_Reservoir" title="Yan Yean Reservoir">Yan Yean Reservoir</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Drains</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">Bunyip Main Drain Wylies Drain</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Port Phillip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Port" title="Western Port">Western Port</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Rivers_of_Victoria_(state)" title="Category:Rivers of Victoria (state)">Rivers of Victoria</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Lakes_of_Victoria_(state)" title="Category:Lakes of Victoria (state)">Lakes of Victoria</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Melbourne_Water_catchment" title="Category:Melbourne Water catchment">Melbourne Water catchment</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="30px_Venues_of_the_1956_Summer_Olympics_(Melbourne)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1956_Summer_Olympic_venues" title="Template:1956 Summer Olympic venues"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1956_Summer_Olympic_venues" title="Template talk:1956 Summer Olympic venues"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1956_Summer_Olympic_venues" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1956 Summer Olympic venues"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="30px_Venues_of_the_1956_Summer_Olympics_(Melbourne)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg/30px-Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg/45px-Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg/60px-Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="342" data-file-height="158" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Venues_of_the_1956_Summer_Olympics" title="Venues of the 1956 Summer Olympics">Venues</a> of the <a href="/wiki/1956_Summer_Olympics" title="1956 Summer Olympics">1956 Summer Olympics</a> (<a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Melbourne</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Broadmeadows,_Victoria" title="Broadmeadows, Victoria">Broadmeadows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Sportsground" title="Eastern Sportsground">Eastern Sportsground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Wendouree" title="Lake Wendouree">Lake Wendouree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_Cricket_Ground" title="Melbourne Cricket Ground">Melbourne Cricket Ground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oaklands_Hunt_Club" title="Oaklands Hunt Club">Oaklands Hunt Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Park_Stadium_(Melbourne)" title="Olympic Park Stadium (Melbourne)">Olympic Park Stadium</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Port Phillip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAAF_Williams" title="RAAF Williams">Royal Australian Air Force, Laverton Air Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Exhibition_Building" title="Royal Exhibition Building">Royal Exhibition Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Kilda_Town_Hall" title="St Kilda Town Hall">St Kilda Town Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_Sports_and_Entertainment_Centre" title="Melbourne Sports and Entertainment Centre">Swimming/Diving Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_Sports_and_Entertainment_Precinct" title="Melbourne Sports and Entertainment Precinct">Velodrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Festival_Hall_(Melbourne)" title="Festival Hall (Melbourne)">West Melbourne Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Williamstown,_Victoria" title="Williamstown, Victoria">Williamstown</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stockholm</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lill-Jansskogen" title="Lill-Jansskogen">Lill-Jansskogen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockholm_Olympic_Stadium" title="Stockholm Olympic Stadium">Olympic Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulriksdal_dirt_course" title="Ulriksdal dirt course">Ulriksdal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Olympic_venues_in_sailing" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Olympic_venues_sailing" title="Template:Olympic venues sailing"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Olympic_venues_sailing" title="Template talk:Olympic venues sailing"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Olympic_venues_sailing" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Olympic venues sailing"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Olympic_venues_in_sailing" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympic_venues_in_sailing" title="List of Olympic venues in sailing">Olympic venues in sailing</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_1900_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 1900 Summer Olympics">1900</a>: <a href="/wiki/Meulan-en-Yvelines" title="Meulan-en-Yvelines">Meulan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Le_Havre" title="Le Havre">Le Havre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 1908 Summer Olympics">1908</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ryde" title="Ryde">Ryde</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hunters_Quay" title="Hunters Quay">Hunters Quay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_1912_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 1912 Summer Olympics">1912</a>: <a href="/wiki/Nyn%C3%A4shamn" title="Nynäshamn">Nynäshamn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_1920_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 1920 Summer Olympics">1920</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ostend" title="Ostend">Ostend</a>, <a href="/wiki/IJ_(bay)" class="mw-redirect" title="IJ (bay)">Buiten Y</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_1924_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 1924 Summer Olympics">1924</a>: <a href="/wiki/Le_Havre" title="Le Havre">Le Havre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meulan-en-Yvelines" title="Meulan-en-Yvelines">Meulan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_1928_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 1928 Summer Olympics">1928</a>: <a href="/wiki/IJ_(Amsterdam)" title="IJ (Amsterdam)">Buiten Y</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zuiderzee" title="Zuiderzee">Zuiderzee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_1932_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 1932 Summer Olympics">1932</a>: <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Los_Angeles" title="Port of Los Angeles">Los Angeles Harbor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 1936 Summer Olympics">1936</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Kiel" title="Bay of Kiel">Kiel Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_1948_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 1948 Summer Olympics">1948</a>: <a href="/wiki/Torbay" title="Torbay">Torbay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 1952 Summer Olympics">1952</a>: <a href="/wiki/Harmaja" title="Harmaja">Harmaja</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liuskasaari" title="Liuskasaari">Liuskasaari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_1956_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 1956 Summer Olympics">1956</a>: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Port Phillip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_1960_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 1960 Summer Olympics">1960</a>: <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Naples" title="Gulf of Naples">Gulf of Naples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_1964_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 1964 Summer Olympics">1964</a>: <a href="/wiki/Enoshima" title="Enoshima">Enoshima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_1968_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 1968 Summer Olympics">1968</a>: <a href="/wiki/Club_de_Yates_de_Acapulco" title="Club de Yates de Acapulco">Club de Yates de Acapulco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_1972_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 1972 Summer Olympics">1972</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Kiel" title="Bay of Kiel">Bay of Kiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_1976_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 1976 Summer Olympics">1976</a>: <a href="/wiki/Portsmouth_Olympic_Harbour" title="Portsmouth Olympic Harbour">Portsmouth Olympic Harbour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_1980_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 1980 Summer Olympics">1980</a>: <a href="/wiki/Tallinn_Olympic_Yachting_Centre" title="Tallinn Olympic Yachting Centre">Olympic Regatta in Tallinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_1984_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 1984 Summer Olympics">1984</a>: <a href="/wiki/Long_Beach_Shoreline_Marina" title="Long Beach Shoreline Marina">Long Beach Shoreline Marina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_1988_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 1988 Summer Olympics">1988</a>: <a href="/wiki/Busan_Yachting_Center" title="Busan Yachting Center">Busan Yachting Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_1992_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 1992 Summer Olympics">1992</a>: <a href="/wiki/Port_Ol%C3%ADmpic" title="Port Olímpic">Olympic Harbour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_1996_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 1996 Summer Olympics">1996</a>: <a href="/wiki/Wassaw_Sound" title="Wassaw Sound">Wassaw Sound</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sailing_pictogram.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Sailing_pictogram.svg/50px-Sailing_pictogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Sailing_pictogram.svg/75px-Sailing_pictogram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Sailing_pictogram.svg/100px-Sailing_pictogram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">21st century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_2000_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 2000 Summer Olympics">2000</a>: <a href="/wiki/Rushcutters_Bay" title="Rushcutters Bay">Rushcutters Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 2004 Summer Olympics">2004</a>: <a href="/wiki/Agios_Kosmas_Olympic_Sailing_Centre" title="Agios Kosmas Olympic Sailing Centre">Agios Kosmas Olympic Sailing Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_2008_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 2008 Summer Olympics">2008</a>: <a href="/wiki/Qingdao_International_Sailing_Centre" title="Qingdao International Sailing Centre">Qingdao International Sailing Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 2012 Summer Olympics">2012</a>: <a href="/wiki/Weymouth_and_Portland_National_Sailing_Academy" title="Weymouth and Portland National Sailing Academy">Weymouth and Portland National Sailing Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_2016_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 2016 Summer Olympics">2016</a>: <a href="/wiki/Marina_da_Gl%C3%B3ria" title="Marina da Glória">Marina da Glória</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 2020 Summer Olympics">2020</a>: <a href="/wiki/Enoshima" title="Enoshima">Enoshima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_2024_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 2024 Summer Olympics">2024</a>: <a href="/wiki/Old_Port_of_Marseille" title="Old Port of Marseille">Old Port of Marseille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2028_Summer_Olympics" title="2028 Summer Olympics">2028</a>: <a href="/wiki/Belmont_Veterans_Memorial_Pier" title="Belmont Veterans Memorial Pier">Belmont Veterans Memorial Pier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2032_Summer_Olympics" title="2032 Summer Olympics">2032</a>: <a href="/wiki/Alexandra_Headland,_Queensland" title="Alexandra Headland, Queensland">Alexandra Headland, Queensland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manly,_Queensland" title="Manly, Queensland">Manly, Queensland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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