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<nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Vzhled"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Změnit vzhled velikosti písma, šířky stránky a barvy" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vzhled" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vzhled</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_cs.wikipedia.org&uselang=cs" class=""><span>Podpořte Wikipedii</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Vytvo%C5%99it_%C3%BA%C4%8Det&returnto=Maghreb" title="Doporučujeme vytvořit si účet a přihlásit se, ovšem není to povinné" class=""><span>Vytvoření účtu</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" 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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Přihlášení</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Stránky pro odhlášené editory <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A1pov%C4%9Bda:%C3%9Avod" aria-label="Více informací o editování"><span>dozvědět se více</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Moje_p%C5%99%C3%ADsp%C4%9Bvky" title="Seznam editací provedených z této IP adresy [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Příspěvky</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Moje_diskuse" title="Diskuse o editacích provedených z této IP adresy [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskuse</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Projekt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Obsah" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Obsah</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">přesunout do postranního panelu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skrýt</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(úvod)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Obyvatelstvo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Obyvatelstvo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Obyvatelstvo</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Obyvatelstvo-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Přepnout podsekci Obyvatelstvo</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Obyvatelstvo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Náboženství" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Náboženství"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Náboženství</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Náboženství-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Součásti_Maghrebu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Součásti_Maghrebu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Součásti Maghrebu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Součásti_Maghrebu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reference" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reference"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Reference</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reference-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externí_odkazy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externí_odkazy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Externí odkazy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externí_odkazy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Obsah" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Přepnout obsah" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Přepnout obsah</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Maghreb</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Přejděte k článku v jiném jazyce. Je dostupný v 101 jazycích" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-101" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">101 jazyků</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magreb" title="Magreb – afrikánština" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Magreb" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A" title="المغرب العربي – arabština" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="المغرب العربي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%85%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="لمغرب لكبير – arabština (marocká)" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="لمغرب لكبير" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="arabština (marocká)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%89" title="المغرب العربى – arabština (egyptská)" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="المغرب العربى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabština (egyptská)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magreb" title="Magreb – asturština" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Magreb" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C9%99%C4%9Frib" title="Məğrib – ázerbájdžánština" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Məğrib" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="ázerbájdžánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%99%D2%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1" title="Мәғриб – baškirština" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Мәғриб" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baškirština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B1" title="Магрыб – běloruština" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Магрыб" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="běloruština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B1" title="Магрыб – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Магрыб" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B1" title="Магреб – bulharština" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Магреб" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulharština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AC" title="মাগরেব – bengálština" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মাগরেব" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengálština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maghreb" title="Maghreb – bretonština" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Maghreb" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magrib" title="Magrib – bosenština" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Magrib" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosenština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magrib" title="Magrib – katalánština" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Magrib" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%95%D8%BA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%B9%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%95%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="مەغریبی عەرەبی – kurdština (sorání)" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="مەغریبی عەرەبی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdština (sorání)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maghreb" title="Maghreb – velština" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Maghreb" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="velština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maghreb" title="Maghreb – dánština" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Maghreb" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maghreb" title="Maghreb – němčina" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Maghreb" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="němčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Me%C4%9Frib" title="Meğrib – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Meğrib" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%AD%CE%BC%CF%80" title="Μαγκρέμπ – řečtina" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μαγκρέμπ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="řečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maghreb" title="Maghreb – angličtina" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Maghreb" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angličtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magrebo" title="Magrebo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Magrebo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magreb" title="Magreb – španělština" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Magreb" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španělština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magrib" title="Magrib – estonština" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Magrib" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magreb" title="Magreb – baskičtina" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Magreb" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskičtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="مغرب عربی – perština" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مغرب عربی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maghreb" title="Maghreb – finština" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Maghreb" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maghreb" title="Maghreb – francouzština" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Maghreb" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francouzština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magr%C3%A8bo" title="Magrèbo – franko-provensálština" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Magrèbo" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="franko-provensálština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maghreb" title="Maghreb – fríština (severní)" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Maghreb" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="fríština (severní)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magreb" title="Magreb – fríština (západní)" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Magreb" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="fríština (západní)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Mhagraib" title="An Mhagraib – irština" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Mhagraib" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magreb" title="Magreb – galicijština" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Magreb" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicijština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mager%C3%A9ve" title="Mageréve – guaranština" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Mageréve" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaranština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%91" title="מגרב – hebrejština" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מגרב" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AC" title="मग़रेब – hindština" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मग़रेब" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magreb" title="Magreb – chorvatština" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Magreb" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="chorvatština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magreb" title="Magreb – maďarština" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Magreb" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maďarština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%B2%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A2" title="Մաղրիբ – arménština" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մաղրիբ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maghreb_(wilayah)" title="Maghreb (wilayah) – indonéština" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Maghreb (wilayah)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonéština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magreb" title="Magreb – ilokánština" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Magreb" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilokánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magreb" title="Magreb – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Magreb" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maghreb" title="Maghreb – islandština" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Maghreb" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maghreb" title="Maghreb – italština" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Maghreb" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AA%E3%83%96" title="マグリブ – japonština" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マグリブ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maghribi" title="Maghribi – javánština" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Maghribi" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A6%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="მაღრიბი – gruzínština" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მაღრიბი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzínština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magribia" title="Magribia – konžština" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Magribia" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="konžština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D2%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1" title="Мағриб – kazaština" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Мағриб" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EA%B7%B8%EB%A0%88%EB%B8%8C" title="마그레브 – korejština" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="마그레브" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexrib" title="Mexrib – kurdština" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Mexrib" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1" title="Магриб – kyrgyzština" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Магриб" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kyrgyzština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbaria_(Africa)" title="Barbaria (Africa) – latina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Barbaria (Africa)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maghreb" title="Maghreb – ladinština" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Maghreb" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladinština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magribas" title="Magribas – litevština" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Magribas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litevština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magriba" title="Magriba – lotyština" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Magriba" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lotyština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magreba" title="Magreba – malgaština" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Magreba" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B1" title="Магреб – makedonština" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Магреб" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AC" title="माघरेब – maráthština" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="माघरेब" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="maráthština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maghreb" title="Maghreb – malajština" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Maghreb" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magreb" title="Magreb – maltština" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Magreb" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maghreb" title="Maghreb – nizozemština" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Maghreb" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maghreb" title="Maghreb – norština (nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Maghreb" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norština (nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maghreb" title="Maghreb – norština (bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Maghreb" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norština (bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gh%C4%85%CC%81%C4%85%CC%81%CA%BCask%CA%BCidii_Bi%C5%82ikahii_Bik%C3%A9yah_(A%C5%82ts%CA%BC%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%A1ztiin)" title="Ghą́ą́ʼaskʼidii Biłikahii Bikéyah (Ałtsʼáʼáztiin) – navažština" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Ghą́ą́ʼaskʼidii Biłikahii Bikéyah (Ałtsʼáʼáztiin)" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navažština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magr%C3%A8b" title="Magrèb – okcitánština" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Magrèb" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okcitánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%AC" title="ਮਗ਼ਰਿਬ – paňdžábština" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮਗ਼ਰਿਬ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="paňdžábština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maghreb" title="Maghreb – papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Maghreb" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maghreb" title="Maghreb – polština" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Maghreb" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8" title="المغرب – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="المغرب" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magrebe" title="Magrebe – portugalština" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Magrebe" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magreb" title="Magreb – rumunština" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Magreb" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1" title="Магриб – ruština" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Магриб" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D2%91%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B1" title="Маґреб – rusínština" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Маґреб" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="rusínština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magreb" title="Magreb – sardština" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Magreb" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maghreb" title="Maghreb – sicilština" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Maghreb" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magreb" title="Magreb – srbochorvatština" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Magreb" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srbochorvatština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maghreb" title="Maghreb – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Maghreb" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magreb" title="Magreb – slovinština" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Magreb" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovinština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magrib_(Gobol)" title="Magrib (Gobol) – somálština" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Magrib (Gobol)" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somálština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magrebi" title="Magrebi – albánština" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Magrebi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B1" title="Магреб – srbština" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Магреб" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srbština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maghreb" title="Maghreb – švédština" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Maghreb" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švédština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maghrib" title="Maghrib – svahilština" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Maghrib" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="svahilština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81" title="மக்ரிபு – tamilština" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மக்ரிபு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%86%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A" title="อัลมัฆริบ – thajština" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อัลมัฆริบ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thajština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magreb" title="Magreb – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Magreb" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%C4%9Frip" title="Mağrip – turečtina" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Mağrip" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%99%D0%B3%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1" title="Мәгъриб – tatarština" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Мәгъриб" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1" title="Магриб – ukrajinština" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Магриб" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="المغرب العربی – urdština" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="المغرب العربی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mag%CA%BBrib" title="Magʻrib – uzbečtina" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Magʻrib" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maghreb" title="Maghreb – benátština" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Maghreb" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="benátština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maghreb" title="Maghreb – vietnamština" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Maghreb" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maghreb" title="Maghreb – warajština" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Maghreb" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="warajština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maghreb" title="Maghreb – wolofština" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Maghreb" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="wolofština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%A0%BC%E9%87%8C%E4%B8%8D" title="马格里不 – čínština (dialekty Wu)" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="马格里不" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="čínština (dialekty Wu)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A6%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="მაღრიბი – mingrelština" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მაღრიბი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maghreb" title="Maghreb – jorubština" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Maghreb" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="jorubština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E6%A0%BC%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%83" title="馬格里布 – čínština" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="馬格里布" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="čínština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%8C%97%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2" title="西北非洲 – kantonština" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="西北非洲" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q28227#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editovat mezijazykové odkazy" class="wbc-editpage">Upravit odkazy</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Jmenné prostory"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Maghreb" title="Zobrazit obsahovou stránku [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Článek</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diskuse:Maghreb&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Diskuse ke stránce (stránka neexistuje) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskuse</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Změnit variantu jazyka" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">čeština</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Zobrazení"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Maghreb"><span>Číst</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maghreb&veaction=edit" title="Editovat tuto stránku [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Editovat</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maghreb&action=edit" title="Editovat zdrojový kód této stránky [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editovat zdroj</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maghreb&action=history" title="Starší verze této stránky. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Zobrazit historii</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Nástroje ke stránce"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Nástroje" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Nástroje</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Nástroje</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">přesunout do postranního panelu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">skrýt</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Další možnosti" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Akce </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Maghreb"><span>Číst</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maghreb&veaction=edit" title="Editovat tuto stránku [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Editovat</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maghreb&action=edit" title="Editovat zdrojový kód této stránky [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editovat zdroj</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maghreb&action=history"><span>Zobrazit historii</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Obecné </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Co_odkazuje_na/Maghreb" title="Seznam všech wikistránek, které sem odkazují [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Odkazuje sem</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Souvisej%C3%ADc%C3%AD_zm%C4%9Bny/Maghreb" rel="nofollow" title="Nedávné změny stránek, na které je odkazováno [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Související změny</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=cs" title="Nahrát obrázky či jiná multimédia [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Načíst soubor</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD_str%C3%A1nky" title="Seznam všech speciálních stránek [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Speciální stránky</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maghreb&oldid=22830370" title="Trvalý odkaz na současnou verzi této stránky"><span>Trvalý odkaz</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maghreb&action=info" title="Více informací o této stránce"><span>Informace o stránce</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Citovat&page=Maghreb&id=22830370&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informace o tom, jak citovat tuto stránku"><span>Citovat stránku</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcs.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMaghreb"><span>Získat zkrácené URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcs.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMaghreb"><span>Stáhnout QR kód</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tisk/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Kniha&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Maghreb"><span>Vytvořit knihu</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:DownloadAsPdf&page=Maghreb&action=show-download-screen"><span>Stáhnout jako PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maghreb&printable=yes" title="Tato stránka v podobě vhodné k tisku [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Verze k tisku</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Na jiných projektech </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Maghreb" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q28227" title="Odkaz na propojenou položku datového úložiště [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Položka Wikidat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Nástroje ke stránce"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Vzhled"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Vzhled</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">přesunout do postranního panelu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">skrýt</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Z Wikipedie, otevřené encyklopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="cs" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:Atlas_Mountains_over_roofs_of_Marrakech.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Atlas_Mountains_over_roofs_of_Marrakech.jpg/220px-Atlas_Mountains_over_roofs_of_Marrakech.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Atlas_Mountains_over_roofs_of_Marrakech.jpg/330px-Atlas_Mountains_over_roofs_of_Marrakech.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/80/Atlas_Mountains_over_roofs_of_Marrakech.jpg 2x" data-file-width="376" data-file-height="283" /></a><figcaption>Marrákeš v Maroku, v pozadí pohoří Atlas v Maghrebu.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:Maghreb_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Maghreb_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/220px-Maghreb_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Maghreb_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/330px-Maghreb_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Maghreb_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/440px-Maghreb_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></a><figcaption>Členové <a href="/wiki/Svaz_arabsk%C3%A9ho_Maghrebu" title="Svaz arabského Maghrebu">svazu arabského Maghrebu</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Maghreb</b> (<a href="/wiki/Arab%C5%A1tina" title="Arabština">arabsky</a> المغرب العربي <span class="Unicode">al-Maġrib al-ʿArabī</span>) znamená v arabských jazycích „západní“. Je to region v <a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Africe</a> na severu <a href="/wiki/Sahara" title="Sahara">Sahary</a> a západně od <a href="/wiki/Nil" title="Nil">Nilu</a>, známý také jako <b>Severozápadní Afrika</b>. Konkrétně jsou to státy <a href="/wiki/Maroko" title="Maroko">Maroko</a>, <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%A1padn%C3%AD_Sahara" title="Západní Sahara">Západní Sahara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al%C5%BE%C3%ADrsko" title="Alžírsko">Alžírsko</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tunisko" title="Tunisko">Tunisko</a>, <a href="/wiki/Libye" title="Libye">Libye</a> a více či méně <a href="/wiki/Maurit%C3%A1nie" title="Mauritánie">Mauritánie</a>. Někdy je chápán jako protiklad <a href="/wiki/Ma%C5%A1rek" title="Mašrek">Mašreku</a>. </p><p>Od konce doby ledové, kdy vyschla poušť <a href="/wiki/Sahara" title="Sahara">Sahara</a>, byl kontakt mezi Maghrebem a <a href="/wiki/Subsaharsk%C3%A1_Afrika" title="Subsaharská Afrika">subsaharskou Afrikou</a> velmi omezený kvůli nutnosti překročit <a href="/wiki/Pou%C5%A1%C5%A5" title="Poušť">poušť</a>. To skončilo expanzí Arabů a rozšířením <a href="/wiki/Isl%C3%A1m" title="Islám">islámu</a>, i když kontakt nadále zůstával díky obchodu, zprostředkovaným <a href="/wiki/Karavana" title="Karavana">karavanami</a> přepravujícími zboží jako sůl, zlato, <a href="/wiki/Slonovina" title="Slonovina">slonovinu</a> a <a href="/wiki/Otrok%C3%A1%C5%99stv%C3%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="Otrokářství">otroky</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Obyvatelstvo">Obyvatelstvo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maghreb&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editace sekce: Obyvatelstvo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maghreb&action=edit&section=1" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Obyvatelstvo"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lidé z Maghrebu mají jak africké, tak východní kořeny. Většina lidí v této oblasti jsou buď <a href="/wiki/Arabov%C3%A9" title="Arabové">Arabové</a>, tedy lidé s předky ze <a href="/wiki/St%C5%99edn%C3%AD_v%C3%BDchod" title="Střední východ">Středního východu</a>, nebo <a href="/wiki/Berbe%C5%99i" title="Berbeři">Berbeři</a>, kteří ze severní Afriky pochází. Menší část obyvatel má předky z tzv. černé Afriky, později se především na pobřeží dostaly i národnosti jako např. <a href="/wiki/Francie" title="Francie">Francouzi</a>, <a href="/wiki/It%C3%A1lie" title="Itálie">Italové</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0pan%C4%9Blsko" title="Španělsko">Španělé</a> a <a href="/wiki/Turecko" title="Turecko">Turci</a>. Region také sdílí většinu kulinářských tradicí. <a href="/wiki/Hab%C3%ADb_Burgiba" title="Habíb Burgiba">Habib Bourguiba</a> Maghreb popisuje jako část <a href="/wiki/Severn%C3%AD_Afrika" title="Severní Afrika">severní Afriky</a>, kde se vaří <a href="/wiki/Kuskus" title="Kuskus">kuskus</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Svaz_arabsk%C3%A9ho_Maghrebu" title="Svaz arabského Maghrebu">Svaz arabského Maghrebu</a> (<i>Union du Maghreb Arabe</i>) má za cíl koordinaci politiky a ekonomiky států v tomto regionu; neshody v řadách členů a bezpečnostní problémy v Alžíru jí ale staví do cesty překážky. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Náboženství"><span id="N.C3.A1bo.C5.BEenstv.C3.AD"></span>Náboženství</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maghreb&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editace sekce: Náboženství" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maghreb&action=edit&section=2" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Náboženství"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nejstarší známá <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A1bo%C5%BEenstv%C3%AD" title="Náboženství">náboženství</a> v oblasti byla <a href="/wiki/Berbe%C5%99i" title="Berbeři">berberská</a> náboženství, včetně megalitických kultů.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Krátce po vzniku <a href="/wiki/K%C5%99es%C5%A5anstv%C3%AD" title="Křesťanství">křesťanství</a> se v oblasti rozšířilo křesťanství s významným centrem na území dnešního <a href="/wiki/Tunisko" title="Tunisko">Tuniska</a>, kde vznikaly uznávané teologické školy a působili zde křesťanští myslitelé jako <a href="/wiki/Tertullianus" title="Tertullianus">Tertulián</a>, <a href="/wiki/Svat%C3%BD_Cypri%C3%A1n" title="Svatý Cyprián">Cyprián</a> nebo <a href="/wiki/Svat%C3%BD_Augustin" title="Svatý Augustin">Augustin</a>. První latinské teologické texty vznikly právě zde.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Islámská expanze nedlouho po vzniku <a href="/wiki/Isl%C3%A1m" title="Islám">islámu</a> v 7. století rychle v severní Africe přepsala náboženskou realitu<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a křesťanství se stalo menšinovým, leč stále přítomným náboženstvím. V roce 641 za vlády chalífy <a href="/wiki/Umar_ibn_al-Chatt%C3%A1b" title="Umar ibn al-Chattáb">Umara ibn al-Chattába</a> muslimská vojska ovládla <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> a hned následující rok také území dnešní <a href="/wiki/Libye" title="Libye">Libye</a>; o šest let později muslimové ovládli území dnešního Tuniska. Další tři desetiletí stačily na to, aby islám ovládl celou severní Afriku až k pobřeží Atlantského oceánu a pomalu začal pronikat <a href="/wiki/Sahara" title="Sahara">Saharou</a> na jih. Islám dnes drtivě oblasti dominuje – v Alžírsku, Libyi nebo Maroku se k islámu hlásí až 99 % obyvatel.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Většina maghrebských muslimů jsou podle <a href="/wiki/Afrikanistika" title="Afrikanistika">afrikanisty</a> <a href="/wiki/Ond%C5%99ej_Havelka_(cestovatel)" title="Ondřej Havelka (cestovatel)">Ondřeje Havelky</a> <a href="/wiki/Sunnitsk%C3%BD_isl%C3%A1m" title="Sunnitský islám">sunnité</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ovšem například v Tunisku je přibližně 40% nekonfesních muslimů.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Křesťané a další náboženství tvoří nepočetné menšiny.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Součásti_Maghrebu"><span id="Sou.C4.8D.C3.A1sti_Maghrebu"></span>Součásti Maghrebu</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maghreb&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Editace sekce: Součásti Maghrebu" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maghreb&action=edit&section=3" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Součásti Maghrebu"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span style="display:none">Alžírsko</span><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al%C5%BE%C3%ADrsko" title="Alžírsko"><img alt="Alžírsko" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/33px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/44px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Al%C5%BE%C3%ADrsko" title="Alžírsko">Alžírsko</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:none">Ceuta</span><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta"><img alt="Ceuta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Ceuta.svg/22px-Flag_of_Ceuta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Ceuta.svg/33px-Flag_of_Ceuta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Ceuta.svg/44px-Flag_of_Ceuta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:none">Libye</span><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Libye" title="Libye"><img alt="Libye" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/22px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/33px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/44px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Libye" title="Libye">Libye</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:none">Mauritánie</span><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Maurit%C3%A1nie" title="Mauritánie"><img alt="Mauritánie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/22px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/33px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/44px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Maurit%C3%A1nie" title="Mauritánie">Mauritánie</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:none">Melilla</span><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla"><img alt="Melilla" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Melilla.svg/22px-Flag_of_Melilla.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Melilla.svg/33px-Flag_of_Melilla.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Melilla.svg/44px-Flag_of_Melilla.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla">Melilla</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:none">Maroko</span><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Maroko" title="Maroko"><img alt="Maroko" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/22px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/33px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/44px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Maroko" title="Maroko">Maroko</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:none">Tunisko</span><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Tunisko" title="Tunisko"><img alt="Tunisko" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Tunisko" title="Tunisko">Tunisko</a></span></li> <li><span style="display:none">Západní Sahara</span><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Saharsk%C3%A1_arabsk%C3%A1_demokratick%C3%A1_republika" title="Západní Sahara"><img alt="Západní Sahara" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Saharsk%C3%A1_arabsk%C3%A1_demokratick%C3%A1_republika" title="Saharská arabská demokratická republika">Západní Sahara</a></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reference">Reference</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maghreb&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Editace sekce: Reference" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maghreb&action=edit&section=4" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Reference"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="plainlinks"><i>V tomto článku byl použit <a href="/wiki/Wikipedie:WikiProjekt_P%C5%99eklad/Rady" title="Wikipedie:WikiProjekt Překlad/Rady">překlad</a> textu z článku <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maghreb?oldid=1124166631"><span class="cizojazycne" lang="en" title="angličtina">Maghreb</span></a> na anglické Wikipedii.</i></span> </p> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;">HAVELKA, Ondřej. Tuaregové: muslimové s křesťanskou minulostí a polyteistickými berberskými kořeny. <i>Dingir</i> [online]. [cit. 2023-05-14]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://info.dingir.cz/2020/02/tuaregove-muslimove-s-krestanskou-minulosti-a-polyteistickymi-berberskymi-koreny/">Dostupné online</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=Dingir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finfo.dingir.cz%2F2020%2F02%2Ftuaregove-muslimove-s-krestanskou-minulosti-a-polyteistickymi-berberskymi-koreny%2F&rft.atitle=Tuaregov%C3%A9%3A+muslimov%C3%A9+s+k%C5%99es%C5%A5anskou+minulost%C3%AD+a+polyteistick%C3%BDmi+berbersk%C3%BDmi+ko%C5%99eny&rft.aulast=Havelka&rft.aufirst=Ond%C5%99ej"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ond%C5%99ej_Havelka_(cestovatel)" title="Ondřej Havelka (cestovatel)">HAVELKA, Ondřej</a>. Křesťanství v Africe: tři fáze christianizace a specifika africké teologie a spirituality. <i>Theologická revue</i>. 2022, roč. 92, čís. 3, s. 291–309.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceperiodika&rft.jtitle=Theologick%C3%A1+revue&rft.atitle=K%C5%99es%C5%A5anstv%C3%AD+v+Africe%3A+t%C5%99i+f%C3%A1ze+christianizace+a+specifika+africk%C3%A9+teologie+a+spirituality&rft.date=2022&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=291%E2%80%93309&rft.aulast=Havelka&rft.aufirst=Ond%C5%99ej"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal;">HAZEN, Walter. <i>The Spread of Islam: Inside Islam</i>. 1. vyd. Dayton: Milliken Publishing Company, 2002.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitacemonografie&rft.btitle=The+Spread+of+Islam%3A%C2%A0Inside+Islam&rft.aulast=HAZEN&rft.aufirst=Walter&rft.place=Dayton&rft.pub=Milliken+Publishing+Company&rft.date=2002&rft.edition=1"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal;">DIAMANT, Jeff. <i>The countries with the 10 largest Christian populations and the 10 largest Muslim populations</i> [online]. [cit. 2023-05-14]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2019/04/01/the-countries-with-the-10-largest-christian-populations-and-the-10-largest-muslim-populations/">Dostupné online</a>. (anglicky)</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelmonografie&rft.btitle=The+countries+with+the+10+largest+Christian+populations+and+the+10+largest+Muslim+populations&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewresearch.org%2Fshort-reads%2F2019%2F04%2F01%2Fthe-countries-with-the-10-largest-christian-populations-and-the-10-largest-muslim-populations%2F&rft.aulast=Diamant&rft.aufirst=Jeff"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;">HAVELKA, Ondřej. Africký islám 2/2: Současnost. <i>Dingir</i> [online]. [cit. 2023-05-14]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://info.dingir.cz/2023/05/africky-islam-2-2-soucasnost/">Dostupné online</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=Dingir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finfo.dingir.cz%2F2023%2F05%2Fafricky-islam-2-2-soucasnost%2F&rft.atitle=Africk%C3%BD+isl%C3%A1m+2%2F2%3A+Sou%C4%8Dasnost&rft.aulast=Havelka&rft.aufirst=Ond%C5%99ej"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-:3_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ond%C5%99ej_Havelka_(cestovatel)" title="Ondřej Havelka (cestovatel)">HAVELKA, Ondřej</a>. Islám v Africe: Pevná tradice, výjimečné univerzity i synkretismy. <i>Dingir</i>. 2023, roč. 26, čís. 1, s. 2–6. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dingir.cz/index.php?co=cislo/23/1">Dostupné online</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceperiodika&rft.jtitle=Dingir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dingir.cz%2Findex.php%3Fco%3Dcislo%2F23%2F1&rft.atitle=Isl%C3%A1m+v+Africe%3A+Pevn%C3%A1+tradice%2C+v%C3%BDjime%C4%8Dn%C3%A9+univerzity+i+synkretismy&rft.date=2023&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=2%E2%80%936&rft.aulast=Havelka&rft.aufirst=Ond%C5%99ej"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal;">DESILVER, Drew; MASCI, David. <i>World’s Muslim population more widespread than you might think</i> [online]. [cit. 2023-05-14]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2017/01/31/worlds-muslim-population-more-widespread-than-you-might-think/">Dostupné online</a>. (anglicky)</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelmonografie&rft.btitle=World%E2%80%99s+Muslim+population+more+widespread+than+you+might+think&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewresearch.org%2Fshort-reads%2F2017%2F01%2F31%2Fworlds-muslim-population-more-widespread-than-you-might-think%2F&rft.aulast=DeSilver&rft.aufirst=Drew&rft.au=Masci%2C+David"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externí_odkazy"><span id="Extern.C3.AD_odkazy"></span>Externí odkazy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maghreb&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Editace sekce: Externí odkazy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maghreb&action=edit&section=5" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Externí odkazy"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="wd"><span class="sisterproject sisterproject-commons"><span class="sisterproject_image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Logo Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></span> <span class="sisterproject_text">Obrázky, zvuky či videa k tématu <span class="sisterproject_text_target"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Maghreb" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Maghreb">Maghreb</a></span> na <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></span></span><i> </i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.north-africa.com">Analýza politiky, ekonomiky a lidských poměrů v Maghhreb</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox noprint" title="Regiony světa"><table title="" class="navbox-navbox mw-collapsible autocollapse nowraplinks noprint hlist2" cellspacing="0" data-collapsetext="skrýt" data-expandtext="zobrazit"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r17064757">.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .mw-collapsible-toggle{font-weight:normal}</style><tbody><tr> <th class="navbox-title" colspan="2"> <span class="navbox-titletext"><a href="/wiki/Subregion" title="Subregion">Regiony</a> <a href="/wiki/Zem%C4%9B" title="Země">světa</a></span> </th> </tr><tr class="navbox-padding"><td></td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Afrika</a></td> <td 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href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maghreb&oldid=22830370">https://cs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maghreb&oldid=22830370</a>“</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A1pov%C4%9Bda:Kategorie" title="Nápověda:Kategorie">Kategorie</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Regiony_Afriky" title="Kategorie:Regiony Afriky">Regiony Afriky</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Skryté kategorie: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Monitoring:%C4%8Cl%C3%A1nky_p%C5%99elo%C5%BEen%C3%A9_z_enwiki" title="Kategorie:Monitoring:Články přeložené z enwiki">Monitoring:Články přeložené z enwiki</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Monitoring:%C4%8Cl%C3%A1nky_s_identifik%C3%A1torem_BNE" title="Kategorie:Monitoring:Články s identifikátorem BNE">Monitoring:Články s identifikátorem BNE</a></li><li><a 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