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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contenidos" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Cambiar a la tabla de contenidos" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Cambiar a la 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Disponible en 49 idiomas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-49" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">49 idiomas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%B0%D8%A7_%D9%88%D9%81%D9%82%D8%B7_%D8%A5%D8%B0%D8%A7" title="إذا وفقط إذا (árabe)" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إذا وفقط إذا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0,_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Тогава и само тогава, когато (búlgaro)" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Тогава и само тогава, когато" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si_i_nom%C3%A9s_si" title="Si i només si (catalán)" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Si i només si" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87%D0%B0%D0%B2%C4%83%D0%BD_%D1%87%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%C3%A7%D0%B0%D0%B2%C4%83%D0%BD_%D1%87%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B5_%C3%A7%D0%B5%C3%A7" title="Çавăн чухне тата çавăн чухне çеç (chuvasio)" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Çавăн чухне тата çавăн чухне çеç" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="chuvasio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Os_ac_yn_unig_os" title="Os ac yn unig os (galés)" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Os ac yn unig os" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biimplikation" title="Biimplikation (danés)" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Biimplikation" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genau_dann,_wenn" title="Genau dann, wenn (alemán)" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Genau dann, wenn" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BD_%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9_%CE%BC%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%BF_%CE%B1%CE%BD" title="Αν και μόνο αν (griego)" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αν και μόνο αν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="griego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/If_and_only_if" title="If and only if (inglés)" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="If and only if" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Se_kaj_nur_se" title="Se kaj nur se (esperanto)" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Se kaj nur se" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parajasti_siis,_kui" title="Parajasti siis, kui (estonio)" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Parajasti siis, kui" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inplikazio_bikoitz" title="Inplikazio bikoitz (euskera)" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Inplikazio bikoitz" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="euskera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DA%AF%D8%B1_%D9%88_%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7_%D8%A7%DA%AF%D8%B1" title="اگر و تنها اگر (persa)" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اگر و تنها اگر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos_ja_vain_jos" title="Jos ja vain jos (finés)" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jos ja vain jos" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Se_e_s%C3%B3_se" title="Se e só se (gallego)" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Se e só se" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="gallego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9D_%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A7_%D7%90%D7%9D" title="אם ורק אם (hebreo)" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אם ורק אם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%94%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF" title="यदि और केवल यदि (hindi)" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="यदि और केवल यदि" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akko" title="Akko (croata)" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Akko" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bikondicion%C3%A1lis" title="Bikondicionális (húngaro)" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bikondicionális" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="húngaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si_e_solmente_si" title="Si e solmente si (interlingua)" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Si e solmente si" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jika_dan_hanya_jika" title="Jika dan hanya jika (indonesio)" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Jika dan hanya jika" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Se_e_nur_se" title="Se e nur se (ido)" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Se e nur se" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eff" title="Eff (islandés)" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Eff" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Se_e_solo_se" title="Se e solo se (italiano)" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Se e solo se" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E5%80%A4" title="同値 (japonés)" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="同値" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Егер тек егер (kazajo)" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Егер тек егер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Se_e_dom%C3%A0_se" title="Se e domà se (lombardo)" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Se e domà se" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tada_ir_tik_tada_(teiginys)" title="Tada ir tik tada (teiginys) (lituano)" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Tada ir tik tada (teiginys)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Ако и само ако (macedonio)" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ако и само ако" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedonio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%87%94" title="⇔ (birmano)" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="⇔" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan_en_slechts_dan_als" title="Dan en slechts dan als (neerlandés)" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Dan en slechts dan als" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viss_og_berre_viss" title="Viss og berre viss (noruego nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Viss og berre viss" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="noruego nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%87_%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%87_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AB_%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%87" title="ਜੇ ਅਤੇ ਸਿਰਫ ਜੇ (punyabí)" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜੇ ਅਤੇ ਸਿਰਫ ਜੇ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punyabí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B3wnowa%C5%BCno%C5%9B%C4%87" title="Równoważność (polaco)" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Równoważność" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Se_e_somente_se" title="Se e somente se (portugués)" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Se e somente se" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dac%C4%83_%C8%99i_numai_dac%C4%83" title="Dacă și numai dacă (rumano)" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Dacă și numai dacă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Тогда и только тогда (ruso)" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Тогда и только тогда" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ako_i_samo_ako" title="Ako i samo ako (serbocroata)" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ako i samo ako" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/If_and_only_if" title="If and only if (Simple English)" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="If and only if" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Ако и само ако (serbio)" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ако и само ако" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Om_och_endast_om" title="Om och endast om (sueco)" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Om och endast om" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sueco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD" title="ก็ต่อเมื่อ (tailandés)" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ก็ต่อเมื่อ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tailandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancak_ve_ancak" title="Ancak ve ancak (turco)" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ancak ve ancak" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%96_%D0%B9_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B5_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%96" title="Тоді й лише тоді (ucraniano)" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Тоді й лише тоді" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraniano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DA%AF%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%B7_%D8%A7%DA%AF%D8%B1" title="اگر بشرط اگر (urdu)" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اگر بشرط اگر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khi_v%C3%A0_ch%E1%BB%89_khi" title="Khi và chỉ khi (vietnamita)" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Khi và chỉ khi" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BD%93%E4%B8%94%E4%BB%85%E5%BD%93" title="当且仅当 (chino)" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="当且仅当" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C4%81_kiam_ta_n%C4%81" title="Nā kiam ta nā (chino min nan)" lang="nan" 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data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Apariencia</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mover a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ocultar</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirigido desde «<a href="/w/index.php?title=Si_y_solo_si&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Si y solo si">Si y solo si</a>»)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="es" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r157776694">.mw-parser-output .infobox .imagen{max-width:100%;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .imagen img{max-width:100%;height:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .mw-kartographer-container .thumbinner,.mw-parser-output .infobox .mw-kartographer-map{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%!important}body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .infobox .imagen a.image>img{max-width:100%!important;height:auto!important}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:22.7em; line-height: 1.4em; text-align:left; padding:.23em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="3" class="cabecera" style="text-align:center;background-color:transparent;color:inherit;">Bicondicional</th></tr><tr><td colspan="3" class="imagen" style="text-align:center;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Diagrama_de_Venn_18.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Diagrama_de_Venn_18.svg/320px-Diagrama_de_Venn_18.svg.png" decoding="async" width="320" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Diagrama_de_Venn_18.svg/480px-Diagrama_de_Venn_18.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Diagrama_de_Venn_18.svg/640px-Diagrama_de_Venn_18.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="300" /></a></span><br /><div style="display:inline;"><a href="/wiki/Diagrama_de_Venn" title="Diagrama de Venn">Diagrama de Venn</a> de la conectiva</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="3" style="text-align:center;background-color: #ccf;;">Nomenclatura</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;">Lenguaje natural</th><td colspan="2"> A si y solo si B<br />A es equivalente a B</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;">Lenguaje formal</th><td colspan="2"> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle A\leftrightarrow B}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>A</mi> <mo stretchy="false">↔</mo> <mi>B</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle A\leftrightarrow B}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/936ab098710910e69e56ec2734dd89063ce21efa" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:7.121ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle A\leftrightarrow B}"></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;">Operador booleano</th><td colspan="2"> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \leftrightarrow \ \iff \ =}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo stretchy="false">↔</mo> <mtext> </mtext> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mo stretchy="false">⟺</mo> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mtext> </mtext> <mo>=</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \leftrightarrow \ \iff \ =}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e4dad4863d72372b2a6fb9a2816a3b21f0870b38" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:13.481ex; height:1.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \leftrightarrow \ \iff \ =}"></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;">Operador de conjuntos</th><td colspan="2"> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \cup }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo>∪</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \cup }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e8ff7d0293ad19b43524a133ae5129f3d71f2040" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.55ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \cup }"></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="3" style="text-align:center;background-color: #ccf;;">Puerta lógica</th></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:XNOR_ANSI_Labelled.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/XNOR_ANSI_Labelled.svg/120px-XNOR_ANSI_Labelled.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/XNOR_ANSI_Labelled.svg/180px-XNOR_ANSI_Labelled.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/XNOR_ANSI_Labelled.svg/240px-XNOR_ANSI_Labelled.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="120" data-file-height="50" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="3" style="text-align:center;background-color: #ccf;;">Tabla de verdad</th></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{array}{c|c||c}A&B&A\leftrightarrow B\\\hline V&V&V\\V&F&F\\F&V&F\\F&F&V\\\end{array}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtable columnalign="center center center" rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em" rowlines="solid none" columnlines="solid solid"> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>A</mi> </mtd> <mtd> <mi>B</mi> </mtd> <mtd> <mi>A</mi> <mo stretchy="false">↔</mo> <mi>B</mi> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>V</mi> </mtd> <mtd> <mi>V</mi> </mtd> <mtd> <mi>V</mi> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>V</mi> </mtd> <mtd> <mi>F</mi> </mtd> <mtd> <mi>F</mi> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>F</mi> </mtd> <mtd> <mi>V</mi> </mtd> <mtd> <mi>F</mi> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>F</mi> </mtd> <mtd> <mi>F</mi> </mtd> <mtd> <mi>V</mi> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{array}{c|c||c}A&B&A\leftrightarrow B\\\hline V&V&V\\V&F&F\\F&V&F\\F&F&V\\\end{array}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d6e11455487614daed4170157a0801bcb72c1bbf" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -7.838ex; width:17.95ex; height:16.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{array}{c|c||c}A&B&A\leftrightarrow B\\\hline V&V&V\\V&F&F\\F&V&F\\F&F&V\\\end{array}}}"></span></td></tr><tr><td class="noprint" colspan="3" style="text-align:left;"><div class="plainlinks wikidata-link" style="font-size: 0.85em">[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q949972" class="extiw" title="d:Q949972">editar datos en Wikidata</a>]</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="vertical-navbox nowraplinks plainlist" style="float:right;clear:right;width:22.0em;margin:0 0 1.0em 1.0em;background:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.2em;border-spacing:0.4em 0;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%"><tbody><tr><th style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em"><a href="/wiki/Conectiva_l%C3%B3gica" title="Conectiva lógica">Conectivas lógicas</a></th></tr><tr><td style="padding:0.2em 0 0.4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Logical_connectives_Hasse_diagram.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Diagrama de Hasse de las 16 conectivas lógicas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Logical_connectives_Hasse_diagram.svg/200px-Logical_connectives_Hasse_diagram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="283" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Logical_connectives_Hasse_diagram.svg/300px-Logical_connectives_Hasse_diagram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Logical_connectives_Hasse_diagram.svg/400px-Logical_connectives_Hasse_diagram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="1052" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tautolog%C3%ADa" title="Tautología">Tautología</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \top }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi mathvariant="normal">⊤</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \top }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/cf12e436fef2365e76fcb1034a51179d8328bb33" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.808ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \top }"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conjunci%C3%B3n_opuesta" title="Conjunción opuesta">Conjunción opuesta</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \uparrow }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo stretchy="false">↑</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \uparrow }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ddb20b28c74cdaa09e1f101d426441da1996072f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.162ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \uparrow }"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Implicaci%C3%B3n_opuesta" title="Implicación opuesta">Implicación opuesta</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \leftarrow }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo stretchy="false">←</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \leftarrow }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3c0fb4bce772117bbaf55b7ca1539ceff9ae218c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.324ex; height:1.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \leftarrow }"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Condicional_material" title="Condicional material">Condicional material</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \rightarrow }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \rightarrow }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/53e574cc3aa5b4bf5f3f5906caf121a378eef08b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.324ex; height:1.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \rightarrow }"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disyunci%C3%B3n_l%C3%B3gica" title="Disyunción lógica">Disyunción lógica</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \lor }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo>∨</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \lor }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ab47f6b1f589aedcf14638df1d63049d233d851a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.55ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \lor }"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negaci%C3%B3n_l%C3%B3gica" title="Negación lógica">Negación lógica</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \lnot }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi mathvariant="normal">¬</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \lnot }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/099107443792f5fec9bebe39b919a690db7198c1" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: 0.204ex; margin-bottom: -0.376ex; width:1.55ex; height:1.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \lnot }"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disyunci%C3%B3n_exclusiva" title="Disyunción exclusiva">Disyunción exclusiva</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \nleftrightarrow }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo>↮</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \nleftrightarrow }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/dce85ed756bc5a6cdf0f62892f57a6a1f96803ac" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: 0.137ex; margin-bottom: -0.308ex; width:2.324ex; height:1.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \nleftrightarrow }"></span></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bicondicional</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \leftrightarrow }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo stretchy="false">↔</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \leftrightarrow }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/046b918c43e05caf6624fe9b676c69ec9cd6b892" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.324ex; height:1.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \leftrightarrow }"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afirmaci%C3%B3n_l%C3%B3gica" title="Afirmación lógica">Afirmación lógica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disyunci%C3%B3n_opuesta" title="Disyunción opuesta">Disyunción opuesta</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \downarrow }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo stretchy="false">↓</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \downarrow }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4618f22b0f780805eb94bb407578d9bc9487947a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.162ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \downarrow }"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adjunci%C3%B3n_l%C3%B3gica" title="Adjunción lógica">Adjunción lógica</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \nrightarrow }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo>↛</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \nrightarrow }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4c458d67617e028ed10948d2dbcfef80e9e060a2" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: 0.137ex; margin-bottom: -0.308ex; width:2.324ex; height:1.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \nrightarrow }"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adjunci%C3%B3n_opuesta" title="Adjunción opuesta">Adjunción opuesta</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \nleftarrow }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo>↚</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \nleftarrow }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7694c9fc8eebe8a57c8156dd3c2caf022a619439" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: 0.137ex; margin-bottom: -0.308ex; width:2.324ex; height:1.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \nleftarrow }"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conjunci%C3%B3n_l%C3%B3gica" title="Conjunción lógica">Conjunción lógica</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \land }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo>∧</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \land }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d6823e5a222eb3ca49672818ac3d13ec607052c4" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.55ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \land }"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contradicci%C3%B3n" title="Contradicción">Contradicción</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \bot }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi mathvariant="normal">⊥</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \bot }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f282c7bc331cc3bfcf1c57f1452cc23c022f58de" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.808ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \bot }"></span></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td style="text-align:right;font-size:115%"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r149274968">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-ver"><a href="/wiki/Plantilla:Conectivas_l%C3%B3gicas" title="Plantilla:Conectivas lógicas"><abbr title="Ver esta plantilla">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-discusión"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plantilla_discusi%C3%B3n:Conectivas_l%C3%B3gicas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plantilla discusión:Conectivas lógicas (aún no redactado)"><abbr title="Conversar sobre esta plantilla">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-editar"><a class="external text" href="https://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Plantilla:Conectivas_l%C3%B3gicas&action=edit"><abbr title="Editar esta plantilla">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>En algunos contextos en <a href="/wiki/Matem%C3%A1ticas" title="Matemáticas">matemáticas</a> y <a href="/wiki/L%C3%B3gica" title="Lógica">lógica</a>, un <b>bicondicional</b> (<b>equivalencia</b> o <b>doble implicación</b>, en ocasiones <a href="/wiki/Par%C3%A1frasis" title="Paráfrasis">parafraseado</a> en español como <b>si y solo si</b>) es un <a href="/wiki/Operador_l%C3%B3gico" class="mw-redirect" title="Operador lógico">operador lógico</a> <a href="/wiki/Relaci%C3%B3n_binaria" title="Relación binaria">binario</a>, es decir, una función <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \leftrightarrow :B\times B\rightarrow B}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo stretchy="false">↔:</mo> <mi>B</mi> <mo>×</mo> <mi>B</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi>B</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \leftrightarrow :B\times B\rightarrow B}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/57beba7ecc72acb4082bb88863d09e4808963cf6" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:15.362ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \leftrightarrow :B\times B\rightarrow B}"></span>, siendo B cualquier conjunto con <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle |B|=2}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mi>B</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle |B|=2}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9de16e3ece0612a5b8f4717c4198cdc0ad3a6161" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:7.319ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle |B|=2}"></span>, aunque es común que se considere a B como <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle B=\{V,F\}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>B</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mo> <mi>V</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>F</mi> <mo fence="false" stretchy="false">}</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle B=\{V,F\}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f94d28a293f8380135c391ace561035f2448fdf5" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:11.749ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle B=\{V,F\}}"></span> o <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle B=\{0,1\}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>B</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo fence="false" stretchy="false">}</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle B=\{0,1\}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f582e459b750046ded8517cf592c0b5adb5247ca" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:10.546ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle B=\{0,1\}}"></span>. El bicondicional también se desempeña como conectivo lógico, permitiendo formular expresiones de la forma «P si y solo si Q», que es verdadera en el caso de que ambos componentes tengan el mismo valor de verdad. En otro contexto el bicondicional representa la equivalencia lógica entre dos proposiciones. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definición"><span id="Definici.C3.B3n"></span>Definición</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicondicional&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar sección: Definición"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>El <a href="/wiki/Valor_de_verdad" title="Valor de verdad">valor de verdad</a> de un bicondicional «<i>p</i> si y solo si <i>q</i>» es verdadero cuando ambas proposiciones (p y q) tienen el mismo valor de verdad, es decir, ambas son verdaderas o falsas simultáneamente; de lo contrario, es falso. </p><p>Se tiene así que la afirmación «<i>p</i> si y solo si <i>q</i>» es <a href="/wiki/Equivalencia_l%C3%B3gica" title="Equivalencia lógica">lógicamente equivalente</a> al par de afirmaciones «Si <i>p</i>, entonces <i>q</i>», y «si <i>q</i>, entonces <i>p</i>». Escrito utilizando <a href="/wiki/Conectiva_l%C3%B3gica" title="Conectiva lógica">conectivas lógicas</a> : </p> <blockquote style="padding: 5px 10px; background-color: var(--background-color-base, #fff); color: var(--color-base, #202122); text-align: left; margin-left:30px; margin-bottom: 0.4em; margin-top:0.2em; min-width:50%;"> <p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle p\leftrightarrow q\equiv (p\to q)\wedge (q\to p)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>p</mi> <mo stretchy="false">↔</mo> <mi>q</mi> <mo>≡</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>p</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi>q</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>∧</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>q</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi>p</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle p\leftrightarrow q\equiv (p\to q)\wedge (q\to p)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1721f54bec519ccd3ba57bbf2214c1d97835813c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; margin-left: -0.089ex; width:26.948ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle p\leftrightarrow q\equiv (p\to q)\wedge (q\to p)}"></span>. </p> </blockquote> <p>De manera más precisa, el operador bicondicional tiene la siguiente <a href="/wiki/Tabla_de_verdad" title="Tabla de verdad">tabla de verdad</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-intro_1-0" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-intro-1"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>1<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>2<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><b>si y solo si</b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="width: 30%">p </th> <th style="width: 30%">q </th> <td style="width: 30%"><div align="center"> <b>p</b> ↔ <b>q</b> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>V</td> <td>V</td> <td>V </td></tr> <tr> <td>V</td> <td>F</td> <td>F </td></tr> <tr> <td>F</td> <td>V</td> <td>F </td></tr> <tr> <td>F</td> <td>F</td> <td>V </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Representación_y_lectura"><span id="Representaci.C3.B3n_y_lectura"></span>Representación y lectura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicondicional&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar sección: Representación y lectura"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Una forma de expresar el bicondicional es decir que Q es una <b>condición necesaria y suficiente</b> para P. También se conoce con el nombre de <b>coimplicación</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>3<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>En <a href="/wiki/Idioma_espa%C3%B1ol" title="Idioma español">español</a> se usan las abreviaturas <b>sii</b>, <b>ssi</b> y <b>syss</b>, de modo que es equivalente <i>p ↔ q</i> a “<i>p</i> sii <i>q</i>”. En <a href="/wiki/Idioma_ingl%C3%A9s" title="Idioma inglés">inglés</a> se abrevia <b>iff</b> (<b>If and only if</b>). </p><p>En <a href="/wiki/L%C3%B3gica" title="Lógica">Lógica</a> y en <a href="/wiki/Matem%C3%A1ticas" title="Matemáticas">matemáticas</a> los símbolos empleados para denotar el bicondicional son <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \leftrightarrow }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo stretchy="false">↔</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \leftrightarrow }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/046b918c43e05caf6624fe9b676c69ec9cd6b892" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.324ex; height:1.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \leftrightarrow }"></span>,<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \iff }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mo stretchy="false">⟺</mo> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \iff }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ff942842a50b24e7585cc42c5b50c34650e3aa99" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.607ex; height:1.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \iff }"></span> y ≡. La notacion <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \leftrightarrow }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo stretchy="false">↔</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \leftrightarrow }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/046b918c43e05caf6624fe9b676c69ec9cd6b892" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.324ex; height:1.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \leftrightarrow }"></span> se utiliza frecuentemente como un conectivo u operador lógico, que permite combinar dos proposiciones más simples para generar una proposición compuesta de la forma <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P\leftrightarrow Q}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>P</mi> <mo stretchy="false">↔</mo> <mi>Q</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P\leftrightarrow Q}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/43e9c3ed4d9717db81fc3794218f377bea4f6eb0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:7.198ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P\leftrightarrow Q}"></span>, mientras que la segunda y tercera notación se emplean casi siempre para denotar la relación de <a href="/wiki/Equivalencia_l%C3%B3gica" title="Equivalencia lógica">equivalencia lógica</a> entre dos proposiciones lógicas. El significado de cada notación depende fuertemente del contexto en que se utilicen.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>4<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>5<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Adicionalmente, en el ámbito de la lógica digital, el funcionamiento del operador bicondicional puede emularse mediante la puerta lógica <a href="/wiki/Puerta_l%C3%B3gica#Puerta_equivalencia_(XNOR)" title="Puerta lógica">XNOR</a>, y a la negación de la puerta <a href="/wiki/Puerta_l%C3%B3gica#Puerta_OR-exclusiva_(XOR)" title="Puerta lógica">XOR</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ejemplos">Ejemplos</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicondicional&action=edit&section=3" title="Editar sección: Ejemplos"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>«<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 2<10\leftrightarrow 5|20}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>2</mn> <mo><</mo> <mn>10</mn> <mo stretchy="false">↔</mo> <mn>5</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mn>20</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 2<10\leftrightarrow 5|20}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/891cb8f3daf1c83b9b2e442843a59699be832409" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:14.334ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 2<10\leftrightarrow 5|20}"></span> » y «<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 5>9\leftrightarrow {\sqrt {17}}<{\sqrt[{3}]{6}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>5</mn> <mo>></mo> <mn>9</mn> <mo stretchy="false">↔</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msqrt> <mn>17</mn> </msqrt> </mrow> <mo><</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mroot> <mn>6</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </mroot> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 5>9\leftrightarrow {\sqrt {17}}<{\sqrt[{3}]{6}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ed27d185abb9c886e49453d4c7f44680c7864d87" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:19.495ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 5>9\leftrightarrow {\sqrt {17}}<{\sqrt[{3}]{6}}}"></span> » son bicondicionales verdaderos.</li></ul> <ul><li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle c={\text{mcm}}(a,b)\iff c\mathbb {Z} =a\mathbb {Z} \ \cap \ b\mathbb {Z} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>c</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>mcm</mtext> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>b</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mo stretchy="false">⟺</mo> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mi>c</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">Z</mi> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">Z</mi> </mrow> <mtext> </mtext> <mo>∩</mo> <mtext> </mtext> <mi>b</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">Z</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle c={\text{mcm}}(a,b)\iff c\mathbb {Z} =a\mathbb {Z} \ \cap \ b\mathbb {Z} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1c6ee752f4760f75e9edd4bb0076f99388aa14c3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:35.705ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle c={\text{mcm}}(a,b)\iff c\mathbb {Z} =a\mathbb {Z} \ \cap \ b\mathbb {Z} }"></span> , donde <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n\mathbb {Z} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>n</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">Z</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n\mathbb {Z} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/33e5e8bd9b24ba5d0b31eda653b78a63e1af831d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.945ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n\mathbb {Z} }"></span> denota a los múltiplos enteros de n.</li></ul> <p>Es esencial distinguir entre las relaciones bicondicionales y las que son meramente condicionales. </p><p>Por ejemplo, nótese la diferencia entre las dos proposiciones siguientes: </p> <blockquote><p>Una persona es mayor de edad si posee legalmente el carné de conductor.</p></blockquote> <p>O bien, </p> <blockquote><p>Una persona es mayor de edad si y solo si posee legalmente el carné de conductor.</p></blockquote> <p>La primera proposición es correcta, puesto que es imposible poseer legalmente el carné de conducir siendo menor de edad. Por tanto, si se tiene el carné, se tiene que ser obligatoriamente mayor de edad.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>6<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>La segunda es incorrecta, puesto que la relación entre "tener el carné de conducir" y "ser mayor de edad" no es bicondicional. Dicho de otro modo: se puede ser mayor de edad sin tener el carné de conducir.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>7<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referencias">Referencias</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicondicional&action=edit&section=4" title="Editar sección: Referencias"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="listaref" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-intro-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-intro_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span id="CITAREFTrelles_MonteroRosales_Papa2000" class="citation libro">Trelles Montero, Oscar; Rosales Papa, Diógenes (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.es/books?id=omnV5xukKVQC&pg=PA68">«Bicondicional»</a>. <i>Introducción a la Lógica</i>. Perú: Fondo Editorial PUCP. pp. 68 y siguientes. <small><a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/9972-42-182-1" title="Especial:FuentesDeLibros/9972-42-182-1">9972-42-182-1</a></small>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3ABicondicional&rft.atitle=Introducci%C3%B3n+a+la+L%C3%B3gica&rft.au=Rosales+Papa%2C+Di%C3%B3genes&rft.au=Trelles+Montero%2C+Oscar&rft.aufirst=Oscar&rft.aulast=Trelles+Montero&rft.btitle=Bicondicional&rft.date=2000&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=9972-42-182-1&rft.pages=68+y+siguientes&rft.place=Per%C3%BA&rft.pub=Fondo+Editorial+PUCP&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.es%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DomnV5xukKVQC%26pg%3DPA68&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Korfhage, Robert R.: "Lógica y Algoritmos", (1970) Editorial Limusa -Wiley, S.A. México 1, D.F. p. 60</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">D. Hilbert y A. Ackermann «Elementos de lógica teórica» Editorial Tecnos, Madrid, <a href="/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/8430905812" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 84-309-0581-2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Copi, Irving M.: "Lógica Simbólica" (2000) <a href="/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/9682601347" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 968-26-0134-7</a>, Cecsa. México D.F., décima novena reimpresión p. 45</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Russell, Bertrand y Whitehead, Alfred North : <i>Principia Mathematica (Hasta el *56)</i> (1981) Paraninfo S. A., Madrid, p.60</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Se refiere a un contexto legal que puede variar de un país a otro.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">No hay bicondicionales «correctos» o «incorrectos», si nos atenemos al introito del artículo.</span> </li> </ol></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r161257576">.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control{margin-top:1.5em}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox table{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox hr:last-child{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox+.mw-mf-linked-projects{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .mw-mf-linked-projects{display:flex;padding:0.5em;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);color:var(--color-base,#202122)}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .mw-mf-linked-projects ul li{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox-list{border-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox th{background-color:#eeeeff}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .mw-mf-linked-projects{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#72777d);background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#27292d);color:var(--color-base,#eaecf0)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#72777d)!important;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#202122)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox-list{border-color:#202122!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox th{background-color:#27292d!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .mw-mf-linked-projects{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#72777d)!important;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#27292d)!important;color:var(--color-base,#eaecf0)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#72777d)!important;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#202122)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox-list{border-color:#202122!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox th{background-color:#27292d!important}}</style><div class="mw-authority-control"><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="width: inherit;padding:3px"><table class="hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width: 12%; 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