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optimisation</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: gas network optimisation"> <meta name="keywords" content="gas network optimisation"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="gas network optimisation"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 4903</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: gas network optimisation</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4903</span> Gas Network Noncooperative Game</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Teresa%20Azevedo%20Perdico%C3%BALis">Teresa Azevedo PerdicoúLis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paulo%20Lopes%20Dos%20Santos"> Paulo Lopes Dos Santos</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The conceptualisation of the problem of network optimisation as a noncooperative game sets up a holistic interactive approach that brings together different network features (e.g., com-pressor stations, sources, and pipelines, in the gas context) where the optimisation objectives are different, and a single optimisation procedure becomes possible without having to feed results from diverse software packages into each other. A mathematical model of this type, where independent entities take action, offers the ideal modularity and subsequent problem decomposition in view to design a decentralised algorithm to optimise the operation and management of the network. In a game framework, compressor stations and sources are under-stood as players which communicate through network connectivity constraints–the pipeline model. That is, in a scheme similar to tatonnementˆ, the players appoint their best settings and then interact to check for network feasibility. The devolved degree of network unfeasibility informs the players about the ’quality’ of their settings, and this two-phase iterative scheme is repeated until a global optimum is obtained. Due to network transients, its optimisation needs to be assessed at different points of the control interval. For this reason, the proposed approach to optimisation has two stages: (i) the first stage computes along the period of optimisation in order to fulfil the requirement just mentioned; (ii) the second stage is initialised with the solution found by the problem computed at the first stage, and computes in the end of the period of optimisation to rectify the solution found at the first stage. The liability of the proposed scheme is proven correct on an abstract prototype and three example networks. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=connectivity%20matrix" title="connectivity matrix">connectivity matrix</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20network%20optimisation" title=" gas network optimisation"> gas network optimisation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=large-scale" title=" large-scale"> large-scale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=noncooperative%20game" title=" noncooperative game"> noncooperative game</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=system%20decomposition" title=" system decomposition"> system decomposition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127821/gas-network-noncooperative-game" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127821.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">152</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4902</span> Optimisation of the Hydrometeorological-Hydrometric Network: A Case Study in Greece</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Baltas">E. Baltas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Feloni"> E. Feloni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Bariamis"> G. Bariamis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The operation of a network of hydrometeorological-hydrometric stations is basic infrastructure for the management of water resources, as well as, for flood protection. The assessment of water resources potential led to the necessity of adoption management practices including a multi-criteria analysis for the optimum design of the region’s station network. This research work aims at the optimisation of a new/existing network, using GIS methods. The planning of optimum network stations is based on the guidelines of international organizations such as World Meteorological Organization (WMO). The uniform spatial distribution of the stations, the drainage basin for the hydrometric stations and criteria concerning the low terrain slope, the accessibility to the stations and proximity to hydrological interest sites, were taken into consideration for its development. The abovementioned methodology has been implemented for two different areas the Florina municipality and the Argolis area in Greece, and comparison of the results has been conducted. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GIS" title="GIS">GIS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrometeorological" title=" hydrometeorological"> hydrometeorological</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrometric" title=" hydrometric"> hydrometric</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network" title=" network"> network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimisation" title=" optimisation"> optimisation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58611/optimisation-of-the-hydrometeorological-hydrometric-network-a-case-study-in-greece" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58611.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">287</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4901</span> Implications of Optimisation Algorithm on the Forecast Performance of Artificial Neural Network for Streamflow Modelling</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Martins%20Y.%20Otache">Martins Y. Otache</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20J.%20Musa"> John J. Musa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abayomi%20I.%20Kuti"> Abayomi I. Kuti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mustapha%20Mohammed"> Mustapha Mohammed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The performance of an artificial neural network (ANN) is contingent on a host of factors, for instance, the network optimisation scheme. In view of this, the study examined the general implications of the ANN training optimisation algorithm on its forecast performance. To this end, the Bayesian regularisation (Br), Levenberg-Marquardt (LM), and the adaptive learning gradient descent: GDM (with momentum) algorithms were employed under different ANN structural configurations: (1) single-hidden layer, and (2) double-hidden layer feedforward back propagation network. Results obtained revealed generally that the gradient descent with momentum (GDM) optimisation algorithm, with its adaptive learning capability, used a relatively shorter time in both training and validation phases as compared to the Levenberg- Marquardt (LM) and Bayesian Regularisation (Br) algorithms though learning may not be consummated; i.e., in all instances considering also the prediction of extreme flow conditions for 1-day and 5-day ahead, respectively especially using the ANN model. In specific statistical terms on the average, model performance efficiency using the coefficient of efficiency (CE) statistic were Br: 98%, 94%; LM: 98 %, 95 %, and GDM: 96 %, 96% respectively for training and validation phases. However, on the basis of relative error distribution statistics (MAE, MAPE, and MSRE), GDM performed better than the others overall. Based on the findings, it is imperative to state that the adoption of ANN for real-time forecasting should employ training algorithms that do not have computational overhead like the case of LM that requires the computation of the Hessian matrix, protracted time, and sensitivity to initial conditions; to this end, Br and other forms of the gradient descent with momentum should be adopted considering overall time expenditure and quality of the forecast as well as mitigation of network overfitting. On the whole, it is recommended that evaluation should consider implications of (i) data quality and quantity and (ii) transfer functions on the overall network forecast performance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=streamflow" title="streamflow">streamflow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neural%20network" title=" neural network"> neural network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimisation" title=" optimisation"> optimisation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=algorithm" title=" algorithm"> algorithm</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132874/implications-of-optimisation-algorithm-on-the-forecast-performance-of-artificial-neural-network-for-streamflow-modelling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132874.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">152</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4900</span> Optimisation of the Input Layer Structure for Feedforward Narx Neural Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zongyan%20Li">Zongyan Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matt%20Best"> Matt Best</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents an optimization method for reducing the number of input channels and the complexity of the feed-forward NARX neural network (NN) without compromising the accuracy of the NN model. By utilizing the correlation analysis method, the most significant regressors are selected to form the input layer of the NN structure. An application of vehicle dynamic model identification is also presented in this paper to demonstrate the optimization technique and the optimal input layer structure and the optimal number of neurons for the neural network is investigated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=correlation%20analysis" title="correlation analysis">correlation analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F-ratio" title=" F-ratio"> F-ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=levenberg-marquardt" title=" levenberg-marquardt"> levenberg-marquardt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MSE" title=" MSE"> MSE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NARX" title=" NARX"> NARX</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neural%20network" title=" neural network"> neural network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimisation" title=" optimisation"> optimisation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23195/optimisation-of-the-input-layer-structure-for-feedforward-narx-neural-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23195.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">371</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4899</span> Supply Chain Optimisation through Geographical Network Modeling</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cyrillus%20Prabandana">Cyrillus Prabandana</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Supply chain optimisation requires multiple factors as consideration or constraints. These factors are including but not limited to demand forecasting, raw material fulfilment, production capacity, inventory level, facilities locations, transportation means, and manpower availability. By knowing all manageable factors involved and assuming the uncertainty with pre-defined percentage factors, an integrated supply chain model could be developed to manage various business scenarios. This paper analyse the utilisation of geographical point of view to develop an integrated supply chain network model to optimise the distribution of finished product appropriately according to forecasted demand and available supply. The supply chain optimisation model shows that small change in one supply chain constraint is possible to largely impact other constraints, and the new information from the model should be able to support the decision making process. The model was focused on three areas, i.e. raw material fulfilment, production capacity and finished products transportation. To validate the model suitability, it was implemented in a project aimed to optimise the concrete supply chain in a mining location. The high level of operations complexity and involvement of multiple stakeholders in the concrete supply chain is believed to be sufficient to give the illustration of the larger scope. The implementation of this geographical supply chain network modeling resulted an optimised concrete supply chain from raw material fulfilment until finished products distribution to each customer, which indicated by lower percentage of missed concrete order fulfilment to customer. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decision%20making" title="decision making">decision making</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geographical%20supply%20chain%20modeling" title=" geographical supply chain modeling"> geographical supply chain modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supply%20chain%20optimisation" title=" supply chain optimisation"> supply chain optimisation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supply%20chain" title=" supply chain"> supply chain</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42276/supply-chain-optimisation-through-geographical-network-modeling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42276.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">346</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4898</span> Optimisation of a Dragonfly-Inspired Flapping Wing-Actuation System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jia-Ming%20Kok">Jia-Ming Kok</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Javaan%20Chahl"> Javaan Chahl</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An optimisation method using both global and local optimisation is implemented to determine the flapping profile which will produce the most lift for an experimental wing-actuation system. The optimisation method is tested using a numerical quasi-steady analysis. Results of an optimised flapping profile show a 20% increase in lift generated as compared to flapping profiles obtained by high speed cinematography of a Sympetrum frequens dragonfly. Initial optimisation procedures showed 3166 objective function evaluations. The global optimisation parameters - initial sample size and stage one sample size, were altered to reduce the number of function evaluations. Altering the stage one sample size had no significant effect. It was found that reducing the initial sample size to 400 would allow a reduction in computational effort to approximately 1500 function evaluations without compromising the global solvers ability to locate potential minima. To further reduce the optimisation effort required, we increase the local solver’s convergence tolerance criterion. An increase in the tolerance from 0.02N to 0.05N decreased the number of function evaluations by another 20%. However, this potentially reduces the maximum obtainable lift by up to 0.025N. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flapping%20wing" title="flapping wing">flapping wing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimisation" title=" optimisation"> optimisation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quasi-steady%20model" title=" quasi-steady model"> quasi-steady model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dragonfly" title=" dragonfly"> dragonfly</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9439/optimisation-of-a-dragonfly-inspired-flapping-wing-actuation-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9439.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">357</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4897</span> Benefit Of Waste Collection Route Optimisation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bojana%20Tot">Bojana Tot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Goran%20Bo%C5%A1Kovi%C4%87"> Goran BošKović</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Goran%20%20Vuji%C4%87"> Goran Vujić</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Route optimisation is a process of planning one or multiple routes, with the purpose of minimizing overall costs, while achieving the highest possible performance under a set of given constraints. It combines routing or route planning, which is the process of creating the most cost-effective route by minimizing the distance or travelled time necessary to reach a set of planned stops, and route scheduling, which is the process of assigning an arrival and service time for each stop, with drivers being given shifts that adhere to their working hours. The objective of this paper is to provide benefits on the implementation of waste collection route optimisation and thus achieve economic efficiency for public utility companies, better service for citizens and positive environment and health. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20management" title="waste management">waste management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environment" title=" environment"> environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collection%20route%20optimisation" title=" collection route optimisation"> collection route optimisation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GIS" title=" GIS"> GIS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/125329/benefit-of-waste-collection-route-optimisation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/125329.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">160</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4896</span> Robust Optimisation Model and Simulation-Particle Swarm Optimisation Approach for Vehicle Routing Problem with Stochastic Demands</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohanad%20Al-Behadili">Mohanad Al-Behadili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Djamila%20Ouelhadj"> Djamila Ouelhadj</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a specific type of vehicle routing problem under stochastic demand (SVRP) is considered. This problem is of great importance because it models for many of the real world vehicle routing applications. This paper used a robust optimisation model to solve the problem along with the novel Simulation-Particle Swarm Optimisation (Sim-PSO) approach. The proposed Sim-PSO approach is based on the hybridization of the Monte Carlo simulation technique with the PSO algorithm. A comparative study between the proposed model and the Sim-PSO approach against other solution methods in the literature has been given in this paper. This comparison including the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to show the ability of the model and solution method in solving the complicated SVRP. The experimental results show that the proposed model and Sim-PSO approach has a significant impact on the obtained solution by providing better quality solutions comparing with well-known algorithms in the literature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stochastic%20vehicle%20routing%20problem" title="stochastic vehicle routing problem">stochastic vehicle routing problem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=robust%20optimisation%20model" title=" robust optimisation model"> robust optimisation model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Monte%20Carlo%20simulation" title=" Monte Carlo simulation"> Monte Carlo simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particle%20swarm%20optimisation" title=" particle swarm optimisation"> particle swarm optimisation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86908/robust-optimisation-model-and-simulation-particle-swarm-optimisation-approach-for-vehicle-routing-problem-with-stochastic-demands" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86908.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">277</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4895</span> Free Shape Optimisation of Cold Formed Steel Sections</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mina%20Mortazavi">Mina Mortazavi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pezhman%20Sharafi"> Pezhman Sharafi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cold-formed steel sections are popular construction materials as structural or non-structural elements. The objective of this paper is to propose an optimisation method for open cross sections targeting the maximum nominal axial strength. The cross sections considered in the optimisation process should all meet a determined critical global buckling load to be considered as a candidate for optimisation process. The maximum dimensions of the cross section are fixed and limited into a predefined rectangular area. The optimisation process is repeated for different available coil thicknesses of 1 mm, 2.5 mm and 3 mm to determine the optimum thickness according to the cross section buckling behaviour. A simple-simple boundary is assumed as end conditions. The number of folds is limited to 20 folds to prevent extra complicated sections. The global buckling load is considered as Euler load and is determined according to the moment of inertia of the cross-section with a constant length. The critical buckling loads are obtained using Finite Strip Method. The results of the optimisation analysis are provided, and the optimum cross-section within the considered range is determined. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shape%20optimisation" title="shape optimisation">shape optimisation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=buckling" title=" buckling"> buckling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cold%20formed%20steel" title=" cold formed steel"> cold formed steel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20strip%20method" title=" finite strip method"> finite strip method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66784/free-shape-optimisation-of-cold-formed-steel-sections" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66784.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">399</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4894</span> Computational Aerodynamic Shape Optimisation Using a Concept of Control Nodes and Modified Cuckoo Search</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20S.%20Naumann">D. S. Naumann</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20J.%20Evans"> B. J. Evans</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20Hassan"> O. Hassan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper outlines the development of an automated aerodynamic optimisation algorithm using a novel method of parameterising a computational mesh by employing user–defined control nodes. The shape boundary movement is coupled to the movement of the novel concept of the control nodes via a quasi-1D-linear deformation. Additionally, a second order smoothing step has been integrated to act on the boundary during the mesh movement based on the change in its second derivative. This allows for both linear and non-linear shape transformations dependent on the preference of the user. The domain mesh movement is then coupled to the shape boundary movement via a Delaunay graph mapping. A Modified Cuckoo Search (MCS) algorithm is used for optimisation within the prescribed design space defined by the allowed range of control node displacement. A finite volume compressible NavierStokes solver is used for aerodynamic modelling to predict aerodynamic design fitness. The resulting coupled algorithm is applied to a range of test cases in two dimensions including the design of a subsonic, transonic and supersonic intake and the optimisation approach is compared with more conventional optimisation strategies. Ultimately, the algorithm is tested on a three dimensional wing optimisation case. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mesh%20movement" title="mesh movement">mesh movement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerodynamic%20shape%20optimization" title=" aerodynamic shape optimization"> aerodynamic shape optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cuckoo%20search" title=" cuckoo search"> cuckoo search</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shape%20parameterisation" title=" shape parameterisation"> shape parameterisation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42527/computational-aerodynamic-shape-optimisation-using-a-concept-of-control-nodes-and-modified-cuckoo-search" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42527.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">337</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4893</span> Size Optimization of Microfluidic Polymerase Chain Reaction Devices Using COMSOL</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Foteini%20Zagklavara">Foteini Zagklavara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peter%20Jimack"> Peter Jimack</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nikil%20Kapur"> Nikil Kapur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ozz%20Querin"> Ozz Querin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harvey%20Thompson"> Harvey Thompson</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The invention and development of the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technology have revolutionised molecular biology and molecular diagnostics. There is an urgent need to optimise their performance of those devices while reducing the total construction and operation costs. The present study proposes a CFD-enabled optimisation methodology for continuous flow (CF) PCR devices with serpentine-channel structure, which enables the trade-offs between competing objectives of DNA amplification efficiency and pressure drop to be explored. This is achieved by using a surrogate-enabled optimisation approach accounting for the geometrical features of a CF μPCR device by performing a series of simulations at a relatively small number of Design of Experiments (DoE) points, with the use of COMSOL Multiphysics 5.4. The values of the objectives are extracted from the CFD solutions, and response surfaces created using the polyharmonic splines and neural networks. After creating the respective response surfaces, genetic algorithm, and a multi-level coordinate search optimisation function are used to locate the optimum design parameters. Both optimisation methods produced similar results for both the neural network and the polyharmonic spline response surfaces. The results indicate that there is the possibility of improving the DNA efficiency by ∼2% in one PCR cycle when doubling the width of the microchannel to 400 μm while maintaining the height at the value of the original design (50μm). Moreover, the increase in the width of the serpentine microchannel is combined with a decrease in its total length in order to obtain the same residence times in all the simulations, resulting in a smaller total substrate volume (32.94% decrease). A multi-objective optimisation is also performed with the use of a Pareto Front plot. Such knowledge will enable designers to maximise the amount of DNA amplified or to minimise the time taken throughout thermal cycling in such devices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PCR" title="PCR">PCR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimisation" title=" optimisation"> optimisation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microfluidics" title=" microfluidics"> microfluidics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COMSOL" title=" COMSOL"> COMSOL</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130027/size-optimization-of-microfluidic-polymerase-chain-reaction-devices-using-comsol" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130027.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">161</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4892</span> Integrating the Athena Vortex Lattice Code into a Multivariate Design Synthesis Optimisation Platform in JAVA</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paul%20Okonkwo">Paul Okonkwo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Howard%20Smith"> Howard Smith</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper describes a methodology to integrate the Athena Vortex Lattice Aerodynamic Software for automated operation in a multivariate optimisation of the Blended Wing Body Aircraft. The Athena Vortex Lattice code developed at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology by Mark Drela allows for the aerodynamic analysis of aircraft using the vortex lattice method. Ordinarily, the Athena Vortex Lattice operation requires a text file containing the aircraft geometry to be loaded into the AVL solver in order to determine the aerodynamic forces and moments. However, automated operation will be required to enable integration into a multidisciplinary optimisation framework. Automated AVL operation within the JAVA design environment will nonetheless require a modification and recompilation of AVL source code into an executable file capable of running on windows and other platforms without the –X11 libraries. This paper describes the procedure for the integrating the FORTRAN written AVL software for automated operation within the multivariate design synthesis optimisation framework for the conceptual design of the BWB aircraft. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerodynamics" title="aerodynamics">aerodynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=automation" title=" automation"> automation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimisation" title=" optimisation"> optimisation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AVL" title=" AVL"> AVL</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=JNI" title=" JNI"> JNI</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22130/integrating-the-athena-vortex-lattice-code-into-a-multivariate-design-synthesis-optimisation-platform-in-java" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22130.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">582</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4891</span> Modification of the Athena Vortex Lattice Code for the Multivariate Design Synthesis Optimisation of the Blended Wing Body Aircraft</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paul%20Okonkwo">Paul Okonkwo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Howard%20Smith"> Howard Smith</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper describes a methodology to integrate the Athena Vortex Lattice Aerodynamic Software for automated operation in a multivariate optimisation of the Blended Wing Body Aircraft. The Athena Vortex Lattice code developed at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology by Mark Drela allows for the aerodynamic analysis of aircraft using the vortex lattice method. Ordinarily, the Athena Vortex Lattice operation requires a text file containing the aircraft geometry to be loaded into the AVL solver in order to determine the aerodynamic forces and moments. However, automated operation will be required to enable integration into a multidisciplinary optimisation framework. Automated AVL operation within the JAVA design environment will nonetheless require a modification and recompilation of AVL source code into an executable file capable of running on windows and other platforms without the –X11 libraries. This paper describes the procedure for the integrating the FORTRAN written AVL software for automated operation within the multivariate design synthesis optimisation framework for the conceptual design of the BWB aircraft. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerodynamics" title="aerodynamics">aerodynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=automation" title=" automation"> automation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimisation" title=" optimisation"> optimisation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AVL" title=" AVL"> AVL</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16398/modification-of-the-athena-vortex-lattice-code-for-the-multivariate-design-synthesis-optimisation-of-the-blended-wing-body-aircraft" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16398.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">656</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4890</span> Singular Value Decomposition Based Optimisation of Design Parameters of a Gearbox </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehmet%20Bozca">Mehmet Bozca</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Singular value decomposition based optimisation of geometric design parameters of a 5-speed gearbox is studied. During the optimisation, a four-degree-of freedom torsional vibration model of the pinion gear-wheel gear system is obtained and the minimum singular value of the transfer matrix is considered as the objective functions. The computational cost of the associated singular value problems is quite low for the objective function, because it is only necessary to compute the largest and smallest singular values (µmax and µmin) that can be achieved by using selective eigenvalue solvers; the other singular values are not needed. The design parameters are optimised under several constraints that include bending stress, contact stress and constant distance between gear centres. Thus, by optimising the geometric parameters of the gearbox such as, the module, number of teeth and face width it is possible to obtain a light-weight-gearbox structure. It is concluded that the all optimised geometric design parameters also satisfy all constraints. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Singular%20value" title="Singular value">Singular value</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimisation" title=" optimisation"> optimisation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gearbox" title=" gearbox"> gearbox</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=torsional%20vibration" title=" torsional vibration"> torsional vibration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32486/singular-value-decomposition-based-optimisation-of-design-parameters-of-a-gearbox" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32486.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">359</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4889</span> Improved Predictive Models for the IRMA Network Using Nonlinear Optimisation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vishwesh%20Kulkarni">Vishwesh Kulkarni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nikhil%20Bellarykar"> Nikhil Bellarykar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cellular complexity stems from the interactions among thousands of different molecular species. Thanks to the emerging fields of systems and synthetic biology, scientists are beginning to unravel these regulatory, signaling, and metabolic interactions and to understand their coordinated action. Reverse engineering of biological networks has has several benefits but a poor quality of data combined with the difficulty in reproducing it limits the applicability of these methods. A few years back, many of the commonly used predictive algorithms were tested on a network constructed in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) to resolve this issue. The network was a synthetic network of five genes regulating each other for the so-called in vivo reverse-engineering and modeling assessment (IRMA). The network was constructed in S. cereviase since it is a simple and well characterized organism. The synthetic network included a variety of regulatory interactions, thus capturing the behaviour of larger eukaryotic gene networks on a smaller scale. We derive a new set of algorithms by solving a nonlinear optimization problem and show how these algorithms outperform other algorithms on these datasets. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=synthetic%20gene%20network" title="synthetic gene network">synthetic gene network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network%20identification" title=" network identification"> network identification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20modeling" title=" nonlinear modeling"> nonlinear modeling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94037/improved-predictive-models-for-the-irma-network-using-nonlinear-optimisation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94037.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">156</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4888</span> Multi-objective Rationality Optimisation for Robotic-fabrication-oriented Free-form Timber Structure Morphology Design</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yiping%20Meng">Yiping Meng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yiming%20Sun"> Yiming Sun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The traditional construction industry is unable to meet the requirements for novel fabrication and construction. Automated construction and digital design have emerged as industry development trends that compensate for this shortcoming under the backdrop of Industrial Revolution 4.0. Benefitting from more flexible working space and more various end-effector tools compared to CNC methods, robot fabrication and construction techniques have been used in irregular architectural design. However, there is a lack of a systematic and comprehensive design and optimisation workflow considering geometric form, material, and fabrication methods. This paper aims to propose a design optimisation workflow for improving the rationality of a free-form timber structure fabricated by the robotic arm. Firstly, the free-form surface is described by NURBS, while its structure is calculated using the finite element analysis method. Then, by considering the characteristics and limiting factors of robotic timber fabrication, strain energy and robustness are set as optimisation objectives to optimise structural morphology by gradient descent method. As a result, an optimised structure with axial force as the main force and uniform stress distribution is generated after the structure morphology optimisation process. With the decreased strain energy and the improved robustness, the generated structure's bearing capacity and mechanical properties have been enhanced. The results prove the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed optimisation workflow for free-form timber structure morphology design. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=robotic%20fabrication" title="robotic fabrication">robotic fabrication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=free-form%20timber%20structure" title=" free-form timber structure"> free-form timber structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Multi-objective%20optimisation" title=" Multi-objective optimisation"> Multi-objective optimisation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Structural%20morphology" title=" Structural morphology"> Structural morphology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rational%20design" title=" rational design"> rational design</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140664/multi-objective-rationality-optimisation-for-robotic-fabrication-oriented-free-form-timber-structure-morphology-design" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140664.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">194</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4887</span> Computational Fluid Dynamics-Coupled Optimisation Strategy for Aerodynamic Design</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anvar%20Atayev">Anvar Atayev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karl%20Steinborn"> Karl Steinborn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aleksander%20Lovric"> Aleksander Lovric</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saif%20Al-Ibadi"> Saif Al-Ibadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jorg%20Fliege"> Jorg Fliege</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we present results obtained from optimising the aerodynamic performance of aerostructures in external ow. The optimisation method used was developed to efficiently handle multi-variable problems with numerous black-box objective functions and constraints. To demonstrate these capabilities, a series of CFD problems were considered; (1) a two-dimensional NACA aerofoil with three variables, (2) a two-dimensional morphing aerofoil with 17 variables, and (3) a three-dimensional morphing aeroplane tail with 33 variables. The objective functions considered were related to combinations of the mean aerodynamic coefficients, as well as their relative variations/oscillations. It was observed that for each CFD problem, an improved objective value was found. Notably, the scale-up in variables for the latter problems did not greatly hinder optimisation performance. This makes the method promising for scaled-up CFD problems, which require considerable computational resources. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computational%20fluid%20dynamics" title="computational fluid dynamics">computational fluid dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimisation%20algorithms" title=" optimisation algorithms"> optimisation algorithms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerodynamic%20design" title=" aerodynamic design"> aerodynamic design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=engineering%20design" title=" engineering design"> engineering design</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152822/computational-fluid-dynamics-coupled-optimisation-strategy-for-aerodynamic-design" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152822.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">120</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4886</span> Optimisation of Structural Design by Integrating Genetic Algorithms in the Building Information Modelling Environment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tofigh%20Hamidavi">Tofigh Hamidavi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sepehr%20Abrishami"> Sepehr Abrishami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pasquale%20Ponterosso"> Pasquale Ponterosso</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Begg"> David Begg</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Structural design and analysis is an important and time-consuming process, particularly at the conceptual design stage. Decisions made at this stage can have an enormous effect on the entire project, as it becomes ever costlier and more difficult to alter the choices made early on in the construction process. Hence, optimisation of the early stages of structural design can provide important efficiencies in terms of cost and time. This paper suggests a structural design optimisation (SDO) framework in which Genetic Algorithms (GAs) may be used to semi-automate the production and optimisation of early structural design alternatives. This framework has the potential to leverage conceptual structural design innovation in Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) projects. Moreover, this framework improves the collaboration between the architectural stage and the structural stage. It will be shown that this SDO framework can make this achievable by generating the structural model based on the extracted data from the architectural model. At the moment, the proposed SDO framework is in the process of validation, involving the distribution of an online questionnaire among structural engineers in the UK. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=building%20information" title="building information">building information</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modelling" title=" modelling"> modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BIM" title=" BIM"> BIM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genetic%20algorithm" title="genetic algorithm">genetic algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GA" title=" GA"> GA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=architecture-engineering-construction" title=" architecture-engineering-construction"> architecture-engineering-construction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AEC" title=" AEC"> AEC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimisation" title=" optimisation"> optimisation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structure" title=" structure"> structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design" title=" design"> design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=population" title=" population"> population</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=generation" title=" generation"> generation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=selection" title=" selection"> selection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mutation" title=" mutation"> mutation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crossover" title=" crossover"> crossover</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=offspring" title=" offspring"> offspring</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91873/optimisation-of-structural-design-by-integrating-genetic-algorithms-in-the-building-information-modelling-environment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91873.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">241</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4885</span> Excel-VBA as Modelling Platform for Thermodynamic Optimisation of an R290/R600a Cascade Refrigeration System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20M.%20El-Awad">M. M. El-Awad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The availability of computers and educational software nowadays helps engineering students acquire better understanding of engineering principles and their applications. With these facilities, students can perform sensitivity and optimisation analyses which were not possible in the past by using slide-rules and hand calculators. Standard textbooks in engineering thermodynamics also use software such as Engineering Equation Solver (EES) and Interactive Thermodynamics (IT) for solving calculation-intensive and design problems. Unfortunately, engineering students in most developing countries do not have access to such applications which are protected by intellectual-property rights. This paper shows how Microsoft ExcelTM and VBA (Visual Basic for Applications), which are normally distributed with personal computers and laptops, can be used as an alternative modelling platform for thermodynamic analyses and optimisation. The paper describes the VBA user-defined-functions developed for determining the refrigerants properties with Excel. For illustration, the combination is used to model and optimise the intermediate temperature for a propane/iso-butane cascade refrigeration system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermodynamic%20optimisation" title="thermodynamic optimisation">thermodynamic optimisation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=engineering%20education" title=" engineering education"> engineering education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=excel" title=" excel"> excel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VBA" title=" VBA"> VBA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cascade%20refrigeration%20system" title=" cascade refrigeration system"> cascade refrigeration system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4046/excel-vba-as-modelling-platform-for-thermodynamic-optimisation-of-an-r290r600a-cascade-refrigeration-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4046.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">434</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4884</span> Modelling, Assessment, and Optimisation of Rules for Selected Umgeni Water Distribution Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khanyisile%20Mnguni">Khanyisile Mnguni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muthukrishnavellaisamy%20Kumarasamy"> Muthukrishnavellaisamy Kumarasamy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jeff%20C.%20Smithers"> Jeff C. Smithers</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Umgeni Water is a water board that supplies most parts of KwaZulu Natal with bulk portable water. Currently, Umgeni Water is running its distribution system based on required reservoir levels and demands and does not consider the energy cost at different times of the day, number of pump switches, and background leakages. Including these constraints can reduce operational cost, energy usage, leakages, and increase performance. Optimising pump schedules can reduce energy usage and costs while adhering to hydraulic and operational constraints. Umgeni Water has installed an online hydraulic software, WaterNet Advisor, that allows running different operational scenarios prior to implementation in order to optimise the distribution system. This study will investigate operation scenarios using optimisation techniques and WaterNet Advisor for a local water distribution system. Based on studies reported in the literature, introducing pump scheduling optimisation can reduce energy usage by approximately 30% without any change in infrastructure. Including tariff structures in an optimisation problem can reduce pumping costs by 15%, while including leakages decreases cost by 10%, and pressure drop in the system can be up to 12 m. Genetical optimisation algorithms are widely used due to their ability to solve nonlinear, non-convex, and mixed-integer problems. Other methods such as branch and bound linear programming have also been successfully used. A suitable optimisation method will be chosen based on its efficiency. The objective of the study is to reduce energy usage, operational cost, and leakages, and the feasibility of optimal solution will be checked using the Waternet Advisor. This study will provide an overview of the optimisation of hydraulic networks and progress made to date in multi-objective optimisation for a selected sub-system operated by Umgeni Water. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20usage" title="energy usage">energy usage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pump%20scheduling" title=" pump scheduling"> pump scheduling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WaterNet%20Advisor" title=" WaterNet Advisor"> WaterNet Advisor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leakages" title=" leakages"> leakages</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152228/modelling-assessment-and-optimisation-of-rules-for-selected-umgeni-water-distribution-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152228.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">92</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4883</span> Running the Athena Vortex Lattice Code in JAVA through the Java Native Interface</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paul%20Okonkwo">Paul Okonkwo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Howard%20Smith"> Howard Smith</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper describes a methodology to integrate the Athena Vortex Lattice Aerodynamic Software for automated operation in a multivariate optimisation of the Blended Wing Body Aircraft. The Athena Vortex Lattice code developed at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology allows for the aerodynamic analysis of aircraft using the vortex lattice method. Ordinarily, the Athena Vortex Lattice operation requires a text file containing the aircraft geometry to be loaded into the AVL solver in order to determine the aerodynamic forces and moments. However, automated operation will be required to enable integration into a multidisciplinary optimisation framework. Automated AVL operation within the JAVA design environment will nonetheless require a modification and recompilation of AVL source code into an executable file capable of running on windows and other platforms without the –X11 libraries. This paper describes the procedure for the integrating the FORTRAN written AVL software for automated operation within the multivariate design synthesis optimisation framework for the conceptual design of the BWB aircraft. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerodynamics" title="aerodynamics">aerodynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=automation" title=" automation"> automation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimisation" title=" optimisation"> optimisation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AVL" title=" AVL"> AVL</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=JNI" title=" JNI"> JNI</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22131/running-the-athena-vortex-lattice-code-in-java-through-the-java-native-interface" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22131.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">565</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4882</span> Design and Development of an 'Optimisation Controller' and a SCADA Based Monitoring System for Renewable Energy Management in Telecom Towers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Sundaram">M. Sundaram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20R.%20Sanath%20Kumar"> H. R. Sanath Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Ramprakash"> A. Ramprakash</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Energy saving is a key sustainability focus area for the Indian telecom industry today. This is especially true in rural India where energy consumption contributes to 70 % of the total network operating cost. In urban areas, the energy cost for network operation ranges between 15-30 %. This expenditure on energy as a result of the lack of grid power availability highlights a potential barrier to telecom industry growth. As a result of this, telecom tower companies switch to diesel generators, making them the second largest consumer of diesel in India, consuming over 2.5 billion litres per annum. The growing cost of energy due to increasing diesel prices and concerns over rising greenhouse emissions have caused these companies to look at other renewable energy options. Even the TRAI (Telecom Regulation Authority of India) has issued a number of guidelines to implement Renewable Energy Technologies (RETs) in the telecom towers as part of its ‘Implementation of Green Technologies in Telecom Sector’ initiative. Our proposal suggests the implementation of a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) based ‘optimisation controller’ that can not only efficiently utilize the energy from RETs but also help to conserve the power used in the telecom towers. When there are multiple RETs available to supply energy, this controller will pick the optimum amount of energy from each RET based on the availability and feasibility at that point of time, reducing the dependence on diesel generators. For effective maintenance of the towers, we are planing to implement a SCADA based monitoring system along with the ‘optimization controller’. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=operation%20costs" title="operation costs">operation costs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consumption%20of%20fuel%20and%20carbon%20footprint" title=" consumption of fuel and carbon footprint"> consumption of fuel and carbon footprint</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=implementation%20of%20a%20programmable%20logic%20controller%20%28PLC%29%20based%20%E2%80%98optimisation%20controller%E2%80%99" title=" implementation of a programmable logic controller (PLC) based ‘optimisation controller’"> implementation of a programmable logic controller (PLC) based ‘optimisation controller’</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=efficient%20SCADA%20based%20monitoring%20system" title=" efficient SCADA based monitoring system"> efficient SCADA based monitoring system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17807/design-and-development-of-an-optimisation-controller-and-a-scada-based-monitoring-system-for-renewable-energy-management-in-telecom-towers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17807.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">419</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4881</span> Coverage Probability Analysis of WiMAX Network under Additive White Gaussian Noise and Predicted Empirical Path Loss Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chaudhuri%20Manoj%20Kumar%20Swain">Chaudhuri Manoj Kumar Swain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Susmita%20Das"> Susmita Das</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper explores a detailed procedure of predicting a path loss (PL) model and its application in estimating the coverage probability in a WiMAX network. For this a hybrid approach is followed in predicting an empirical PL model of a 2.65 GHz WiMAX network deployed in a suburban environment. Data collection, statistical analysis, and regression analysis are the phases of operations incorporated in this approach and the importance of each of these phases has been discussed properly. The procedure of collecting data such as received signal strength indicator (RSSI) through experimental set up is demonstrated. From the collected data set, empirical PL and RSSI models are predicted with regression technique. Furthermore, with the aid of the predicted PL model, essential parameters such as PL exponent as well as the coverage probability of the network are evaluated. This research work may assist in the process of deployment and optimisation of any cellular network significantly. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WiMAX" title="WiMAX">WiMAX</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RSSI" title=" RSSI"> RSSI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=path%20loss" title=" path loss"> path loss</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coverage%20probability" title=" coverage probability"> coverage probability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regression%20analysis" title=" regression analysis"> regression analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107614/coverage-probability-analysis-of-wimax-network-under-additive-white-gaussian-noise-and-predicted-empirical-path-loss-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107614.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">177</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4880</span> A Collective Approach to Optimisation of Renewing Warranty Policy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ming%20Luo">Ming Luo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this real world, a manufacturer may produce more than one product. The products produced by the same manufacturer may share the same type of parts, similar design, and be produced in the same factory, i.e. some common causes. From the perspective of warranty management, the frequencies of those products’ warranty claims may have statistical dependence caused by the common causes. Warranty policy optimisation in the existing research, majorly, has not considered such dependence, which may increase bias in decision making. In the market, renewing warranty policies are provided to some unrepairable products and consumer electronic products. This paper optimises the renewing warranty policy collectively in a multi-product scenario with a consideration of the dependence among the warranty claims of the products produced by the same manufacturer. The existence of the optimal solution is proved. Numerical examples are used to validate the applicability of the proposed methods. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mean-risk%20framework" title="mean-risk framework">mean-risk framework</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modern%20portfolio%20theory" title=" modern portfolio theory"> modern portfolio theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renewing%20warranty%20policy" title=" renewing warranty policy"> renewing warranty policy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=warranty%20policy%20optimisation" title=" warranty policy optimisation"> warranty policy optimisation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91057/a-collective-approach-to-optimisation-of-renewing-warranty-policy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91057.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">299</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4879</span> Optimisation of Energy Harvesting for a Composite Aircraft Wing Structure Bonded with Discrete Macro Fibre Composite Sensors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20H.%20Daraji">Ali H. Daraji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ye%20Jianqiao"> Ye Jianqiao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The micro electrical devices of the wireless sensor network are continuously developed and become very small and compact with low electric power requirements using limited period life conventional batteries. The low power requirement for these devices, cost of conventional batteries and its replacement have encouraged researcher to find alternative power supply represented by energy harvesting system to provide an electric power supply with infinite period life. In the last few years, the investigation of energy harvesting for structure health monitoring has increased to powering wireless sensor network by converting waste mechanical vibration into electricity using piezoelectric sensors. Optimisation of energy harvesting is an important research topic to ensure a flowing of efficient electric power from structural vibration. The harvesting power is mainly based on the properties of piezoelectric material, dimensions of piezoelectric sensor, its position on a structure and value of an external electric load connected between sensor electrodes. Larger surface area of sensor is not granted larger power harvesting when the sensor area is covered positive and negative mechanical strain at the same time. Thus lead to reduction or cancellation of piezoelectric output power. Optimisation of energy harvesting is achieved by locating these sensors precisely and efficiently on the structure. Limited published work has investigated the energy harvesting for aircraft wing. However, most of the published studies have simplified the aircraft wing structure by a cantilever flat plate or beam. In these studies, the optimisation of energy harvesting was investigated by determination optimal value of an external electric load connected between sensor electrode terminals or by an external electric circuit or by randomly splitting piezoelectric sensor to two segments. However, the aircraft wing structures are complex than beam or flat plate and mostly constructed from flat and curved skins stiffened by stringers and ribs with more complex mechanical strain induced on the wing surfaces. This aircraft wing structure bonded with discrete macro fibre composite sensors was modelled using multiphysics finite element to optimise the energy harvesting by determination of the optimal number of sensors, location and the output resistance load. The optimal number and location of macro fibre sensors were determined based on the maximization of the open and close loop sensor output voltage using frequency response analysis. It was found different optimal distribution, locations and number of sensors bounded on the top and the bottom surfaces of the aircraft wing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20harvesting" title="energy harvesting">energy harvesting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimisation" title=" optimisation"> optimisation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensor" title=" sensor"> sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wing" title=" wing"> wing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62736/optimisation-of-energy-harvesting-for-a-composite-aircraft-wing-structure-bonded-with-discrete-macro-fibre-composite-sensors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62736.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">301</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4878</span> Model and Algorithm for Dynamic Wireless Electric Vehicle Charging Network Design</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Trung%20Hieu%20Tran">Trung Hieu Tran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jesse%20O%27Hanley"> Jesse O'Hanley</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Russell%20Fowler"> Russell Fowler</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> When in-wheel wireless charging technology for electric vehicles becomes mature, a need for such integrated charging stations network development is essential. In this paper, we thus investigate the optimisation problem of in-wheel wireless electric vehicle charging network design. A mixed-integer linear programming model is formulated to solve into optimality the problem. In addition, a meta-heuristic algorithm is proposed for efficiently solving large-sized instances within a reasonable computation time. A parallel computing strategy is integrated into the algorithm to speed up its computation time. Experimental results carried out on the benchmark instances show that our model and algorithm can find the optimal solutions and their potential for practical applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electric%20vehicle" title="electric vehicle">electric vehicle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wireless%20charging%20station" title=" wireless charging station"> wireless charging station</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematical%20programming" title=" mathematical programming"> mathematical programming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=meta-heuristic%20algorithm" title=" meta-heuristic algorithm"> meta-heuristic algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parallel%20computing" title=" parallel computing"> parallel computing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159397/model-and-algorithm-for-dynamic-wireless-electric-vehicle-charging-network-design" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159397.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">79</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4877</span> A Case for Introducing Thermal-Design Optimisation Using Excel Spreadsheet</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20M.%20El-Awad">M. M. El-Awad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper deals with the introduction of thermal-design optimisation to engineering students by using Microsoft's Excel as a modelling platform. Thermal-design optimisation is an iterative process which involves the evaluation of many thermo-physical properties that vary with temperature and/or pressure. Therefore, suitable modelling software, such as Engineering Equation Solver (EES) or Interactive Thermodynamics (IT), is usually used for this purpose. However, such proprietary applications may not be available to many educational institutions in developing countries. This paper presents a simple thermal-design case that demonstrates how the principles of thermo-fluids and economics can be jointly applied so as to find an optimum solution to a thermal-design problem. The paper describes the solution steps and provides all the equations needed to solve the case with Microsoft Excel. The paper also highlights the advantage of using VBA (Visual Basic for Applications) for developing user-defined functions when repetitive or complex calculations are met. VBA makes Excel a powerful, yet affordable, the computational platform for introducing various engineering principles. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=engineering%20education" title="engineering education">engineering education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20design" title=" thermal design"> thermal design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Excel" title=" Excel"> Excel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VBA" title=" VBA"> VBA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=user-defined%20functions" title=" user-defined functions"> user-defined functions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3804/a-case-for-introducing-thermal-design-optimisation-using-excel-spreadsheet" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3804.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">375</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4876</span> Smart Forms and Intelligent Transportation Network Patterns, an Integrated Spatial Approach to Smart Cities and Intelligent Transport Systems in India Cities</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Geetanjli%20Rani">Geetanjli Rani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The physical forms and network pattern of the city is expected to be enhanced with the advancement of technology. Reason being, the era of virtualisation and digital urban realm convergence with physical development. By means of comparative Spatial graphics and visuals of cities, the present paper attempts to revisit the very base of efficient physical forms and patterns to sync the emergence of virtual activities. Thus, the present approach to integrate spatial Smartness of Cities and Intelligent Transportation Systems is a brief assessment of smart forms and intelligent transportation network pattern to the dualism of physical and virtual urban activities. Finally, the research brings out that the grid iron pattern, radial, ring-radial, orbital etc. stands to be more efficient, effective and economical transit friendly for users, resource optimisation as well as compact urban and regional systems. Moreover, this paper concludes that the idea of flow and contiguity hidden in such smart forms and intelligent transportation network pattern suits to layering, deployment, installation and development of Intelligent Transportation Systems of Smart Cities such as infrastructure, facilities and services. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smart%20form" title="smart form">smart form</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smart%20infrastructure" title=" smart infrastructure"> smart infrastructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intelligent%20transportation%20network%20pattern" title=" intelligent transportation network pattern"> intelligent transportation network pattern</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20and%20virtual%20integration" title=" physical and virtual integration"> physical and virtual integration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156685/smart-forms-and-intelligent-transportation-network-patterns-an-integrated-spatial-approach-to-smart-cities-and-intelligent-transport-systems-in-india-cities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156685.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">154</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4875</span> Optimal Design of Wind Turbine Blades Equipped with Flaps</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Kade%20Wiratama">I. Kade Wiratama</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As a result of the significant growth of wind turbines in size, blade load control has become the main challenge for large wind turbines. Many advanced techniques have been investigated aiming at developing control devices to ease blade loading. Amongst them, trailing edge flaps have been proven as effective devices for load alleviation. The present study aims at investigating the potential benefits of flaps in enhancing the energy capture capabilities rather than blade load alleviation. A software tool is especially developed for the aerodynamic simulation of wind turbines utilising blades equipped with flaps. As part of the aerodynamic simulation of these wind turbines, the control system must be also simulated. The simulation of the control system is carried out via solving an optimisation problem which gives the best value for the controlling parameter at each wind turbine run condition. Developing a genetic algorithm optimisation tool which is especially designed for wind turbine blades and integrating it with the aerodynamic performance evaluator, a design optimisation tool for blades equipped with flaps is constructed. The design optimisation tool is employed to carry out design case studies. The results of design case studies on wind turbine AWT 27 reveal that, as expected, the location of flap is a key parameter influencing the amount of improvement in the power extraction. The best location for placing a flap is at about 70% of the blade span from the root of the blade. The size of the flap has also significant effect on the amount of enhancement in the average power. This effect, however, reduces dramatically as the size increases. For constant speed rotors, adding flaps without re-designing the topology of the blade can improve the power extraction capability as high as of about 5%. However, with re-designing the blade pretwist the overall improvement can be reached as high as 12%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flaps" title="flaps">flaps</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20blade" title=" design blade"> design blade</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimisation" title=" optimisation"> optimisation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation" title=" simulation"> simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genetic%20algorithm" title=" genetic algorithm"> genetic algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WTAero" title=" WTAero"> WTAero</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11064/optimal-design-of-wind-turbine-blades-equipped-with-flaps" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11064.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">337</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4874</span> Modelling and Optimisation of Floating Drum Biogas Reactor </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Rakesh">L. Rakesh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Y.%20Heblekar"> T. Y. Heblekar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study entails the development and optimization of a mathematical model for a floating drum biogas reactor from first principles using thermal and empirical considerations. The model was derived on the basis of mass conservation, lumped mass heat transfer formulations and empirical biogas formation laws. The treatment leads to a system of coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations whose solution mapped four-time independent controllable parameters to five output variables which adequately serve to describe the reactor performance. These equations were solved numerically using fourth order Runge-Kutta method for a range of input parameter values. Using the data so obtained an Artificial Neural Network with a single hidden layer was trained using Levenberg-Marquardt Damped Least Squares (DLS) algorithm. This network was then fine-tuned for optimal mapping by varying hidden layer size. This fast forward model was then employed as a health score generator in the Bacterial Foraging Optimization code. The optimal operating state of the simplified Biogas reactor was thus obtained. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biogas" title="biogas">biogas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=floating%20drum%20reactor" title=" floating drum reactor"> floating drum reactor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neural%20network%20model" title=" neural network model"> neural network model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105998/modelling-and-optimisation-of-floating-drum-biogas-reactor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105998.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">143</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20network%20optimisation&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20network%20optimisation&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20network%20optimisation&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20network%20optimisation&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20network%20optimisation&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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