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<li id="toc-Current_condition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_condition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Current condition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Current_condition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ongoing_risk_factors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ongoing_risk_factors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Ongoing risk factors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ongoing_risk_factors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Smederevo Fortress</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 25 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-25" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">25 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C9%99m%C9%99ndir%C9%99_qalas%C4%B1" title="Səməndirə qalası – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Səməndirə qalası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D2%A1%D3%99%D0%BB%D2%93%D3%99%D2%BB%D0%B5" title="Смедерево ҡәлғәһе – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Смедерево ҡәлғәһе" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Смедеревска крепост – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Смедеревска крепост" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smederevsk%C3%A1_pevnost" title="Smederevská pevnost – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Smederevská pevnost" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%A3%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%B5%CE%B2%CE%BF" title="Φρούριο του Σμεντέρεβο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φρούριο του Σμεντέρεβο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortaleza_de_Smederevo" title="Fortaleza de Smederevo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Fortaleza de Smederevo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DA%98_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%81%D9%88" title="دژ اسمدرفو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دژ اسمدرفو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forteresse_de_Smederevo" title="Forteresse de Smederevo – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Forteresse de Smederevo" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smederevska_utvrda" title="Smederevska utvrda – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Smederevska utvrda" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benteng_Smederevo" title="Benteng Smederevo – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Benteng Smederevo" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortezza_di_Smederevo" title="Fortezza di Smederevo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Fortezza di Smederevo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94" title="სმედერევოს ციხე – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სმედერევოს ციხე" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szendr%C5%91i_v%C3%A1r_(Szerbia)" title="Szendrői vár (Szerbia) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szendrői vár (Szerbia)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Смедеревска тврдина – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Смедеревска тврдина" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_van_Smederevo" title="Fort van Smederevo – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Fort van Smederevo" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smederevo_festning" title="Smederevo festning – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Smederevo festning" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twierdza_Smederevo" title="Twierdza Smederevo – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Twierdza Smederevo" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cetatea_Semendria" title="Cetatea Semendria – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cetatea Semendria" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Смедеревская крепость – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Смедеревская крепость" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smederevska_trdnjava" title="Smederevska trdnjava – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Smederevska trdnjava" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B2%D1%80%D1%92%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Смедеревска тврђава – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Смедеревска тврђава" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smederovo_f%C3%A4stning" title="Smederovo fästning – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Smederovo fästning" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semendire_Kalesi" title="Semendire Kalesi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Semendire Kalesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8F" title="Смедеревська фортеця – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Смедеревська фортеця" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%A2%85%E4%BB%A3%E9%9B%B7%E6%B2%83%E8%A6%81%E5%A1%9E" title="斯梅代雷沃要塞 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="斯梅代雷沃要塞" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2588696#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="250" data-height="200" data-zoom="13" data-overlays="["_1689ba87ea3e4a19f3795346249c362388266c07"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,13,a,a,250x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Smederevo_Fortress&revid=1255723918&groups=_1689ba87ea3e4a19f3795346249c362388266c07" width="250" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,13,a,a,250x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Smederevo_Fortress&revid=1255723918&groups=_1689ba87ea3e4a19f3795346249c362388266c07 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#ededed">General information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Architectural style</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_architecture" title="Byzantine architecture">Serbo-Byzantine</a> <a href="/wiki/Fortification" title="Fortification">fortification</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Town or city</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Smederevo" title="Smederevo">Smederevo</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Construction started</th><td class="infobox-data">1428</td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Completed</th><td class="infobox-data">1430 <i>(inner city)</i><br />1439 <i>(fortified suburb)</i><br />1480s <i>(outer defenses)</i><br />early-18th-century <i>(trenches)</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Client</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90ura%C4%91_Brankovi%C4%87" title="Đurađ Branković">Đurađ Branković</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#ededed">Technical details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Size</th><td class="infobox-data">11.3 hectares (28 acres)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#ededed"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><div style="border:4px solid blue; line-height: 1.5; text-align: center;"> <a href="/wiki/Cultural_Heritage_of_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Cultural Heritage of Serbia">Cultural Heritage of Serbia</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Monuments_of_Exceptional_Importance" class="mw-redirect" title="Cultural Monuments of Exceptional Importance">Cultural Monument of Exceptional Importance</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Designated</th><td class="infobox-data">8 October 1946</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reference no.</th><td class="infobox-data">SK 538<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Smederevo Fortress</b> (<a href="/wiki/Serbian_language" title="Serbian language">Serbian</a>: <span lang="sr"><span title="Serbian-language text"><span lang="sr-Cyrl">Cмeдepeвcκa твpђaвa</span></span> / <span title="Serbian-language text"><i lang="sr-Latn">Smederevska tvrđava</i></span></span>) is a medieval <a href="/wiki/Fortified" class="mw-redirect" title="Fortified">fortified</a> city in <a href="/wiki/Smederevo" title="Smederevo">Smederevo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>, which was the temporary capital of <a href="/wiki/Serbia_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Serbia in the Middle Ages">Serbia in the Middle Ages</a>. It was built between 1427 and 1430 on the order of <a href="/wiki/Despot_(court_title)" title="Despot (court title)">Despot</a> <a href="/wiki/%C4%90ura%C4%91_Brankovi%C4%87" title="Đurađ Branković">Đurađ Branković</a>, the ruler of the <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Despotate" title="Serbian Despotate">Serbian Despotate</a>. It was further fortified by the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>, which had taken the city in 1459. </p><p>The fortress withstood several <a href="/wiki/Siege" title="Siege">sieges</a> by Ottomans and Serbs, surviving relatively unscathed. During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> it was heavily damaged, by explosions and bombing. As of 2009<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The date of the event predicted near this tag has passed. (January 2023)">needs update</span></a></i>]</sup> it is in the midst of extensive <a href="/wiki/Building_restoration" class="mw-redirect" title="Building restoration">restoration</a> and <a href="/wiki/Architectural_conservation" class="mw-redirect" title="Architectural conservation">conservation work</a>, despite which the fortress remains "one of the rare preserved courts of medieval Serbian rulers."<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Smederevo Fortress was declared a national <a href="/wiki/Monuments_of_Culture_of_Exceptional_Importance_(Serbia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Monuments of Culture of Exceptional Importance (Serbia)">Monument of Culture of Exceptional Importance</a> in 1979. In 2010, the fortress was placed on the <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Serbia#Tentative_List" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Serbia">tentative list</a> for possible nomination as a <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a> (<a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Location">Location</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Smederevo_Fortress&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Location"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Smederevo Fortress, 45 kilometers southeast of <a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a>, covers 11.3 <a href="/wiki/Hectare" title="Hectare">hectares</a> in the center of the modern-day city of <a href="/wiki/Smederevo" title="Smederevo">Smederevo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pta_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pta-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-tvrdjava_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tvrdjava-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is strategically located on the right bank of the <a href="/wiki/Danube" title="Danube">Danube</a> river on the triangular plain formed by the <a href="/wiki/Confluence_(geography)" class="mw-redirect" title="Confluence (geography)">confluence</a> of the Danube and <a href="/wiki/Jezava" title="Jezava">Jezava</a> rivers, only 72 meters above sea level.<sup id="cite_ref-pta_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pta-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This location allowed the Serbian capital to remain near the <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christian</a> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary" title="Kingdom of Hungary">Kingdom of Hungary</a>, while also satisfying <a href="/wiki/Sultan" title="Sultan">Sultan</a> <a href="/wiki/Murad_II" title="Murad II">Murad II</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> by eliminating the uncontrolled passage of the Hungarians into the <a href="/wiki/Morava_Valley" title="Morava Valley">Morava Valley</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ljubomir_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ljubomir-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The fortress' position connecting the <a href="/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans">Balkans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Central_Europe" title="Central Europe">Central Europe</a> has made it an important religious and commercial center for centuries,<sup id="cite_ref-pta_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pta-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> now aided by being on the <a href="/wiki/Pan-European_Corridor_X" title="Pan-European Corridor X">Pan-European X Corridor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-see2_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-see2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Danube also connects it to many other historic sites, most notably Belgrade and its suburb of <a href="/wiki/Vin%C4%8Da" title="Vinča">Vinča</a>, <a href="/wiki/Novi_Sad" title="Novi Sad">Novi Sad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Golubac_Fortress" title="Golubac Fortress">Golubac Fortress</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lepenski_Vir" title="Lepenski Vir">Lepenski Vir</a> and <a href="/wiki/Viminacium" title="Viminacium">Viminacium</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pta_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pta-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Smederevo_Fortress&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Smederevo_water_trench.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Smederevo_water_trench.jpg/220px-Smederevo_water_trench.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Smederevo_water_trench.jpg/330px-Smederevo_water_trench.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Smederevo_water_trench.jpg/440px-Smederevo_water_trench.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2112" data-file-height="2816" /></a><figcaption>Inner city southern walls and water trench (10)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Smederevo_palace_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Smederevo_palace_1.jpg/220px-Smederevo_palace_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Smederevo_palace_1.jpg/330px-Smederevo_palace_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Smederevo_palace_1.jpg/440px-Smederevo_palace_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2112" data-file-height="2816" /></a><figcaption>Despot's Palace remains (18)</figcaption></figure> <p>Amidst the turbulence of the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> <a href="/wiki/Rise_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Rise of the Ottoman Empire">conquest of the Balkans</a> in the early 15th century, the region's Christian rulers lost several battles, such as the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kosovo" title="Battle of Kosovo">Battle of Kosovo</a> and the siege of <a href="/wiki/Veliko_Tarnovo" title="Veliko Tarnovo">Veliko Tarnovo</a>. <a href="/wiki/Despotes" class="mw-redirect" title="Despotes">Despot</a> <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Lazarevi%C4%87" title="Stefan Lazarević">Stefan Lazarević</a> had to maintain the <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Despotate" title="Serbian Despotate">Serbian Despotate</a> in a delicate balance between the Ottomans and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary" title="Kingdom of Hungary">Hungarians</a>. Around 1403, he accepted the Hungarian <a href="/wiki/Vassal" title="Vassal">vassalage</a> from King <a href="/wiki/Sigismund,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor">Sigismund</a> and established the new capital in <a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a>, which was <a href="/wiki/Cession" title="Cession">ceded</a> to him as an award. After Stefan's death in 1426, <a href="/wiki/%C4%90ura%C4%91_Brankovi%C4%87" title="Đurađ Branković">Đurađ Branković</a>, Stefan's nephew and successor, had to return Belgrade to the Hungarians.<sup id="cite_ref-rastko_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rastko-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-histgeo_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-histgeo-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To compensate for this loss, Đurađ decided to build a new capital, and the choice fell to <a href="/wiki/Smederevo" title="Smederevo">Smederevo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ljubomir_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ljubomir-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-varna_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-varna-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Smederevo, which had no prior settlement, was chosen for several reasons. In 1428, during the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_wars#1423–1503:_Wars_with_Venice" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman wars">Ottoman Empire's war with Venice</a>, the Hungarians and Ottomans agreed to recognize Branković as an independent ruler of Serbia, thereby turning it into a <a href="/wiki/Buffer_state" title="Buffer state">buffer state</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-sugar_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sugar-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A contract also established Ottoman overlordship of Serbia, in conjunction with remaining a Hungarian vassal.<sup id="cite_ref-SUC_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SUC-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between the longer status with Hungary and religious differences with the Ottomans (Hungary and Serbia were <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christian</a>, as compared to the <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Muslim</a> Turks), it was preferred that the capital be closer to Hungary than the Ottoman Empire. Smederevo's location on the Danube, between Belgrade and Golubac, provided easy access to other points along the river. It also allowed the control of Danube traffic, including blocking Hungarian entry into the Morava valley, which satisfied the Turks.<sup id="cite_ref-ljubomir_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ljubomir-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the fall of 1428, construction of the capital began. In 1430, the first part of the fortress, including a palace and enough other buildings to form an inner city, was completed. Work on a fortified suburb and additional fortifications continued until 1439.<sup id="cite_ref-pta_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pta-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-see2_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-see2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On April 20, 1434, Đurađ Branković's youngest daughter Katarina and <a href="/wiki/Ulrich_II_of_Celje" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulrich II of Celje">Ulrich II of Celje</a> were wed in the new fortress. This marriage stressed the friendly relations the Despot had with the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Porte" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman Porte">Ottoman Porte</a>, although Ulrich's kinship with the <a href="/wiki/Barbara_of_Celje" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbara of Celje">Queen of Hungary</a> implied an increased Serbo-Hungarian alliance. As a result, <a href="/wiki/Vizier" title="Vizier">Vizier</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Sarid%C5%BEe-pasha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Saridže-pasha (page does not exist)">Mehmet Saridže-pasha</a> arrived in Smederevo in mid-1434 with a message from <a href="/wiki/Edirne" title="Edirne">Edirne</a>. It stated that Serbia's safety from the Ottoman Empire could only be guaranteed through the marriage of Branković's older daughter to <a href="/wiki/Sultan" title="Sultan">Sultan</a> <a href="/wiki/Murad_II" title="Murad II">Murad II</a>. After much deliberation, the council convoked at the palace conceded, and arrangements were made for <a href="/wiki/Mara_Brankovi%C4%87" title="Mara Branković">Mara</a> to be engaged to the Sultan. That autumn, Murad sent several of his "most famous viziers" to retrieve his fiancée.<sup id="cite_ref-ljubomir_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ljubomir-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On August 14, 1435, a formal contract of "brotherhood and friendship" between Serbia and the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Republic of Venice</a> was signed in Smederevo's <a href="/wiki/Throne_room" title="Throne room">audience hall</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This contract resulted in Đurađ and his sons being counted as Venetian citizens.<sup id="cite_ref-ljubomir_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ljubomir-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In early June 1439, the peace with the Ottomans, which had been gained through Mara's marriage to the Sultan, was broken. Led by Murad II, 130,000 Turkish soldiers occupied the hills around Smederevo. Branković rushed to Hungary for help, leaving his son <a href="/wiki/Grgur_Brankovi%C4%87" title="Grgur Branković">Grgur</a> in command. Help was not forthcoming, but Smederevo withstood the attack, even when Murad brought in <a href="/wiki/Cannon" title="Cannon">cannons</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ljubomir_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ljubomir-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Smederevo_view_from_top.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Smederevo_view_from_top.jpg/220px-Smederevo_view_from_top.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Smederevo_view_from_top.jpg/330px-Smederevo_view_from_top.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Smederevo_view_from_top.jpg/440px-Smederevo_view_from_top.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2112" data-file-height="2816" /></a><figcaption>A view to the northern wall and Danube.</figcaption></figure> <p>Nearly three months later, on August 18, 1439, hunger forced the <a href="/wiki/Serbs" title="Serbs">Serbs</a> to surrender. Princes Grgur and <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Brankovi%C4%87" title="Stefan Branković">Stefan</a> were sent to <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Blindness" class="mw-redirect" title="Blindness">blinded</a>, despite the pleas of their sister, now Sultana Mara. Five years later, however, Smederevo, Grgur, and Stefan returned to Branković through the <a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Szeged" title="Peace of Szeged">Peace of Szeged</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ljubomir_7-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ljubomir-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-varna_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-varna-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Smederevo_1940.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/27/Smederevo_1940.jpg/240px-Smederevo_1940.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/27/Smederevo_1940.jpg/360px-Smederevo_1940.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/2/27/Smederevo_1940.jpg 2x" data-file-width="430" data-file-height="232" /></a><figcaption>Smederevo Fortress shortly before the explosion in 1941</figcaption></figure> <p>Around the beginning of 1449, Branković imprisoned Hungarian <a href="/wiki/Regent" title="Regent">regent</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Hunyadi" title="John Hunyadi">John Hunyadi</a> in the dungeons of the fortress until he was ransomed by his countrymen.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1453, Sultan <a href="/wiki/Mehmed_II" title="Mehmed II">Mehmed II</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Isak-bey_Arbanazovi%C4%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isak-bey Arbanazović (page does not exist)">Isak-bey Arbanazović</a> led another attack on Smederevo as part of a devastating raid on Serbia. The Turks took 50,000 men, women and children during that raid, but Smederevo was well-led by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Kantakouzenos" title="Thomas Kantakouzenos">Thomas Kantakouzenos</a>. Despite having only 6,000 men, compared to the Ottomans' 20,000, the city withstood.<sup id="cite_ref-ljubomir_7-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ljubomir-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mehmed the Conqueror besieged Smederevo for the second time and the fortress was besieged by the Ottomans for the third time in 1456, being defended by Serbian forces. In March 1459, <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Toma%C5%A1evi%C4%87_of_Bosnia" title="Stephen Tomašević of Bosnia">Stephen Tomašević</a> took over command of Smederevo Fortress. That same year, Smederevo was captured by the Ottomans, leading to the end of the medieval Serbian state while Stephen Tomašević fled to Bosnia.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, German forces used the fortress for <a href="/wiki/Ammunition" title="Ammunition">ammunition</a> storage. On June 5, 1941, <a href="/wiki/Smederevo_Fortress_explosion" title="Smederevo Fortress explosion">the ammunition exploded</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-pta_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pta-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-see2_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-see2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-info_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-info-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> blasting through the entirety of Smederevo and reaching settlements as far as 10 kilometers away. Much of the southern wall of the fortress was destroyed, the nearby railway station, packed with people, was blown away, and most of the buildings in the city were turned into debris. Around 2,500 people died in the explosion, and every other inhabitant was injured or wounded<sup id="cite_ref-razaranja_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-razaranja-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (approximately 5,500). Bombing by the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allies</a> in 1944 caused further damage.<sup id="cite_ref-pta_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pta-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-see2_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-see2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-info_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-info-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Current_and_future_use">Current and future use</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Smederevo_Fortress&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Current and future use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The fortress is currently used as a <a href="/wiki/Urban_park" title="Urban park">city park</a>, and occasionally hosts <a href="/wiki/Festival" title="Festival">festivals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Concert" title="Concert">concerts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fair" title="Fair">fairs</a>, and other cultural events. A stage has been built in the inner city. To the southeast, the previously open space along the <a href="/wiki/Jezava" title="Jezava">Jezava</a> now has a <a href="/wiki/Harbor" title="Harbor">harbor</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Marina" title="Marina">marina</a>. There are also discussions underway to determine compatible future, modernized uses, and to develop projects to restore and rehabilitate the fortress.<sup id="cite_ref-pta_5-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pta-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-see2_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-see2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Smederevo_small_town_panorama_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Smederevo_small_town_panorama_3.jpg/700px-Smederevo_small_town_panorama_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="700" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Smederevo_small_town_panorama_3.jpg/1050px-Smederevo_small_town_panorama_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Smederevo_small_town_panorama_3.jpg/1400px-Smederevo_small_town_panorama_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5128" data-file-height="999" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Panorama" title="Panorama">Panoramic</a> view of the Small Town (inner city)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Smederevo_panorama_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Smederevo_panorama_2.jpg/700px-Smederevo_panorama_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="700" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Smederevo_panorama_2.jpg/1050px-Smederevo_panorama_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Smederevo_panorama_2.jpg/1400px-Smederevo_panorama_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3124" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Panoramic view of the Big Town</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultural_and_historical_significance">Cultural and historical significance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Smederevo_Fortress&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Cultural and historical significance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Szmegyerevo,_Pozsarev%C3%A1c_-_1920_k%C3%B6r%C3%BCl_(1).tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Szmegyerevo%2C_Pozsarev%C3%A1c_-_1920_k%C3%B6r%C3%BCl_%281%29.tif/lossy-page1-220px-Szmegyerevo%2C_Pozsarev%C3%A1c_-_1920_k%C3%B6r%C3%BCl_%281%29.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Szmegyerevo%2C_Pozsarev%C3%A1c_-_1920_k%C3%B6r%C3%BCl_%281%29.tif/lossy-page1-330px-Szmegyerevo%2C_Pozsarev%C3%A1c_-_1920_k%C3%B6r%C3%BCl_%281%29.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Szmegyerevo%2C_Pozsarev%C3%A1c_-_1920_k%C3%B6r%C3%BCl_%281%29.tif/lossy-page1-440px-Szmegyerevo%2C_Pozsarev%C3%A1c_-_1920_k%C3%B6r%C3%BCl_%281%29.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3036" data-file-height="1829" /></a><figcaption>Smederevo Fortress - 1920s</figcaption></figure> <p>Smederevo Fortress has been described as "one of the most striking and monumental pieces of architecture surviving from medieval Serbia",<sup id="cite_ref-pta_5-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pta-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and "the witness of Serbian creative force."<sup id="cite_ref-tvrdjava_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tvrdjava-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is an accurate display of traditional medieval defensive architecture and has remained well preserved, suffering no major deterioration until <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. The fortress and surrounding area have accumulated evidence of the civilizations that developed throughout history, mainly between the 15th and 20th centuries, providing a direct testimony for the progress of the <a href="/wiki/History_of_Medieval_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Medieval Serbia">medieval Serbian state</a> and corresponding <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Orthodox_Church" title="Serbian Orthodox Church">Orthodox Church</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pta_5-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pta-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-see2_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-see2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Smederevo_window.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Smederevo_window.jpg/220px-Smederevo_window.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Smederevo_window.jpg/330px-Smederevo_window.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Smederevo_window.jpg/440px-Smederevo_window.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2112" data-file-height="2816" /></a><figcaption>One of the fortress' double-arched windows.</figcaption></figure> <p>The fortress was built by <a href="/wiki/%C4%90ura%C4%91_Brankovi%C4%87" title="Đurađ Branković">Đurađ Branković</a> as the new capital of Serbia. During construction, Branković's wife <a href="/wiki/Irene_Kantakouzene" title="Irene Kantakouzene">Jerina</a> was seen speaking with the foreign overseers—her brother <a href="/wiki/George_Palaiologos_Kantakouzenos" title="George Palaiologos Kantakouzenos">George Palaiologos Kantakouzenos</a> and his men—which resulted in her being commonly associated with the project. Among the workers, this association, coupled with required long-term labor and high taxes, gained her the nickname "<i>Prokleta Jerina</i>" ("Damned Jerina").<sup id="cite_ref-tvrdjava_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tvrdjava-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The amount of effort exerted also produced a variety of exaggerations and stories, such as the <a href="/wiki/Serbian_epic_poetry" title="Serbian epic poetry">epic poem</a> "<i>Starina Novak i knez Bogosav</i>" ("Elder Novak and Prince Bogosav"), which stated that many people fled to the woods and became <a href="/wiki/Hajduk" title="Hajduk">hajduci</a> in order to escape taxes and further work.<sup id="cite_ref-ljubomir_7-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ljubomir-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While there were in fact hajduci in the area, it is unclear whether they were actually related to the fortress' construction.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Once the first part was completed, Smederevo Fortress quickly became an important connection between the <a href="/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans">Balkans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Central_Europe" title="Central Europe">Central Europe</a>. Shortly after it was built, the city reached its peak importance as a religious, commercial, and trade center, at which point it was populated mainly by <a href="/wiki/Serbs" title="Serbs">Serbs</a> and colonies of merchants, primarily from <a href="/wiki/Dubrovnik" title="Dubrovnik">Dubrovnik</a>. Around the same time, the <a href="/wiki/Relic" title="Relic">relics</a> of <a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">Saint</a> <a href="/wiki/Luke_the_Evangelist" title="Luke the Evangelist">Luke the Evangelist</a>, who became the <a href="/wiki/Patron_saint" title="Patron saint">patron saint</a> of Smederevo, were brought and stored in the church in the fortress.<sup id="cite_ref-pta_5-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pta-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-see2_8-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-see2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In relation to the structure itself, the inner city is notable for the <a href="/wiki/Throne_room" title="Throne room">audience hall</a>, which is an important representation of Serbian <a href="/wiki/Medieval_architecture" title="Medieval architecture">medieval architecture</a>. High in the stone wall on the Danube side, four sets of double-arched windows are carved in a combination of <a href="/wiki/Gothic_architecture" title="Gothic architecture">Gothic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Romanesque_architecture" title="Romanesque architecture">Romanesque</a> styles. This is where a merchant contract between the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Republic of Venice</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Despotate" title="Serbian Despotate">Serbian Despotate</a> was signed.<sup id="cite_ref-tvrdjava_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tvrdjava-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Smederevo_Despot%27s_inscription.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Smederevo_Despot%27s_inscription.jpg/200px-Smederevo_Despot%27s_inscription.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Smederevo_Despot%27s_inscription.jpg/300px-Smederevo_Despot%27s_inscription.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Smederevo_Despot%27s_inscription.jpg/400px-Smederevo_Despot%27s_inscription.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>The Despot's inscription tower.</figcaption></figure> <p>There is also a tower in the inner city with a large brick inscription naming Đurađ Branković and stating the date of construction. It reads "<i>V Hrista Boga blagoverni despot Đurđ, gospodin Srbljem i Pomorju Ze(t)skomu; povelenijem jego sazida se grad sij v leto 6938.</i>" ("In Christ the Lord faithful Despot Đurđ, Lord of Serbs and the <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Zeta" class="mw-redirect" title="Principality of Zeta">Littoral of Zeta</a>. By His order this city was built in the year of <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_calendar" title="Byzantine calendar">6938</a> [1430]".)<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Above it is an <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/immure" class="extiw" title="wikt:immure">immured</a> <a href="/wiki/Christian_cross" title="Christian cross">cross</a>, which gives the tower its names "<i>Krstata kula</i>" ("Krstata tower") and tower "<i>Krstača</i>". This type of inscription is rare, and found only on former <a href="/wiki/Byzantine" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine">Byzantine</a> territory. It is the sole example in the former <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-kula_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kula-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the fortified suburb are the minimal remains of two more significant structures. One was a sacral complex, <i>Blagoveštenjska crkva</i> (<a href="/wiki/Annunciation" title="Annunciation">Annunciation</a> Church), where the Saint's relics were stored. Though its construction began in the 15th century, it was built over several historical phases. The second structure was a <a href="/wiki/Turkish_bath" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish bath">Turkish bath</a> from the 17th century.<sup id="cite_ref-pta_5-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pta-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-see2_8-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-see2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bath_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bath-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For years, Smederevo Fortress stood as the last defense against <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> assaults.<sup id="cite_ref-pta_5-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pta-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-see2_8-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-see2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-info_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-info-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During their attack in 1439, it also became the first site in Serbia to see <a href="/wiki/Cannon" title="Cannon">cannon</a> fire.<sup id="cite_ref-ljubomir_7-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ljubomir-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When it fell in 1459, it became the center of a Turkish <a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Smederevo" title="Sanjak of Smederevo">sanjak</a>. Later, Smederevo was a province of the <a href="/wiki/Habsburg_monarchy" title="Habsburg monarchy">Habsburg monarchy</a>, and between 1805 and 1807 it was once again the center of the <a href="/wiki/First_Serbian_Uprising" title="First Serbian Uprising">renewed Serbian state</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pta_5-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pta-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-see2_8-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-see2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Architecture">Architecture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Smederevo_Fortress&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Smederevo_Fortress_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Smederevo_Fortress_map.svg/400px-Smederevo_Fortress_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="343" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Smederevo_Fortress_map.svg/600px-Smederevo_Fortress_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Smederevo_Fortress_map.svg/800px-Smederevo_Fortress_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="531" /></a><figcaption>Plan of Smederevo Fortress (<span style="color: #666666;">Pale grey</span> - Collapsed; <span style="color: #666699;">Blue-grey</span> - Dried out) <hr /> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break"> A. Fortified suburb </td> <td class="col-break"> B. Inner city / Fortified manor   </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <hr /> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1216972533"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break"> 1. Main entry gate<br /> 2. City gate II<br /> 3. City gate I<br /> 4. Ship gate<br /> 5. <a href="/wiki/Jezava" title="Jezava">Jezava</a> gate<br /> 6. Flag tower<br /> 7. Turkish inscription tower<br /> 8. Water tower<br /> 9. Outer water trench<br /> 10. Inner water trench<br /> </td> <td class="col-break"> 11. <a href="/wiki/Bridge" title="Bridge">Bridge</a><br /> 12. Inner city gate<br /> 13. Rectangular tower<br /> 14. <a href="/wiki/Keep" title="Keep">Keep</a> (<i>Donžon kula</i> (Donjon tower))<br /> 15. Jerina's tower (<i>Jerinina kula</i>)<br /> 16. Despot's inscription tower (<i>Krstata kula</i> (Krstata tower) or tower <i>Krstača</i>)<br /> 17. <a href="/wiki/Throne_room" title="Throne room">Audience hall / Throne hall</a><br /> 18. <a href="/wiki/Palace" title="Palace">Palace</a><br /> 19. Bath remains<br /> 20. Church remains   </td></tr></tbody></table></div></figcaption></figure> <p>Smederevo Fortress is a monumental complex built in the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_architecture" title="Byzantine architecture">Byzantine tradition</a><sup id="cite_ref-see2_8-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-see2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and modeled after <a href="/wiki/Walls_of_Constantinople" title="Walls of Constantinople">Constantinople Fortress</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pta_5-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pta-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-tvrdjava_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tvrdjava-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although its foundations were not intended to be submerged, it is classed as a water fortress because it is completely surrounded by water.<sup id="cite_ref-tvrdjava_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tvrdjava-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the fortress' completion, there was a decline in its military importance and few structural changes were made. As a result, the original architectural style has been preserved to this day.<sup id="cite_ref-see2_8-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-see2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The fortress is encircled by 1.5 kilometers of <a href="/wiki/Crenelation" class="mw-redirect" title="Crenelation">crenelated</a> walls over 2 meters thick, and 25 towers which are each approximately 25 meters tall. Two sides were bordered by the <a href="/wiki/Danube" title="Danube">Danube</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jezava" title="Jezava">Jezava</a> rivers, though the Jezava has now been redirected away from the wall. The third side had two moats added to the defensive system, one for the inner city and one for the suburb. The area south of the outer walls was left open.<sup id="cite_ref-pta_5-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pta-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-see2_8-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-see2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Construction">Construction</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Smederevo_Fortress&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Construction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There were four main phases in the construction of the fortress. The work on the first part, a fortified manor for <a href="/wiki/Despot_(court_title)" title="Despot (court title)">Despot</a> <a href="/wiki/%C4%90ura%C4%91_Brankovi%C4%87" title="Đurađ Branković">Đurađ Branković</a> built at the confluence of the rivers, began in the autumn of 1428. </p><p>Under the eye of <a href="/wiki/George_Palaiologos_Kantakouzenos" title="George Palaiologos Kantakouzenos">George Palaiologos Kantakouzenos</a>, older brother of Despotina <a href="/wiki/Eirene_Kantakouzene" class="mw-redirect" title="Eirene Kantakouzene">Jerina Branković</a>, lumber, <a href="/wiki/Lime_(mineral)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lime (mineral)">lime</a>, and enormous stones from the former <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Roman</a> cities of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mons_Aureus_(city)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mons Aureus (city) (page does not exist)">Mons Aureus</a> (the modern village of <a href="/wiki/Seone" title="Seone">Seone</a>, west of Smederevo<sup id="cite_ref-seone_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seone-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-seonemap_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seonemap-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), <a href="/wiki/Margum_Dubravica" class="mw-redirect" title="Margum Dubravica">Margum</a> (at the mouth of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Morava" title="Great Morava">Great Morava</a><sup id="cite_ref-margum_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-margum-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), and <a href="/wiki/Viminacium" title="Viminacium">Viminacium</a> were collected. In the spring of 1429, <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greek</a> and <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ragusa" title="Republic of Ragusa">Ragusan</a> workers began the <a href="/wiki/Brickwork" title="Brickwork">brickwork</a>. In 1430, the elegant manor was completed. It included a <a href="/wiki/Palace" title="Palace">palace</a> stretching along the length of the moat wall; a <a href="/wiki/Throne_room" title="Throne room">throne hall</a> against the Danube wall; a <a href="/wiki/Keep" title="Keep">keep</a>, <i>Donžon kula</i> (Donjon tower), in the corner formed by the walls; a <a href="/wiki/Treasury" title="Treasury">treasury</a> in a high chamber; and other auxiliary buildings, creating an inner city.<sup id="cite_ref-pta_5-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pta-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-tvrdjava_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tvrdjava-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ljubomir_7-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ljubomir-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-see2_8-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-see2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-info_19-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-info-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Smederevo_water_trench_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Smederevo_water_trench_2.jpg/220px-Smederevo_water_trench_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="268" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Smederevo_water_trench_2.jpg/330px-Smederevo_water_trench_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Smederevo_water_trench_2.jpg/440px-Smederevo_water_trench_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1359" data-file-height="1658" /></a><figcaption>A view to the Danube from an inner city tower</figcaption></figure> <p>The throne hall, where Branković received his visitors, was built with four double-arched windows, fashioned in a mixed <a href="/wiki/Gothic_architecture" title="Gothic architecture">Gothic</a>/<a href="/wiki/Romanesque_architecture" title="Romanesque architecture">Romanesque</a> style. <i>Donžon kula</i> was intended to be the final line of defense. It was constructed with walls over 4 meters thick, and housed the nobility during <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Turkish</a> attacks.<sup id="cite_ref-tvrdjava_6-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tvrdjava-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Secret_passage" title="Secret passage">Hidden doors</a> were built into the Jezava wall, allowing for passage towards Hungary.<sup id="cite_ref-ljubomir_7-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ljubomir-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The next nine years were spent expanding the fortifications to include a larger fortified suburb, thereby finishing the main fortress. In the suburb, a sacral complex was built in phases from the 15th century onwards, and a <a href="/wiki/Turkish_bath" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish bath">Turkish bath</a> was added by the Ottomans in the 17th century.<sup id="cite_ref-bath_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bath-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There was a ship gate in the suburb's Danube wall, where sailors could enter the fortress.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is unclear whether any long-term residential buildings were built.<sup id="cite_ref-pta_5-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pta-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-see2_8-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-see2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Between 1460 and 1480, while held by the Ottoman Empire, a larger defensive system was built,<sup id="cite_ref-pta_5-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pta-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including <a href="/wiki/Counterscarp" title="Counterscarp">escarpments</a>, low walls, and more towers.<sup id="cite_ref-see2_8-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-see2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the first half of the 18th century, fortified trenches were added.<sup id="cite_ref-pta_5-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pta-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Current_condition">Current condition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Smederevo_Fortress&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Current condition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The state of deterioration of the fortress ranges widely, from <i>krstata kula</i> which is still well preserved,<sup id="cite_ref-info_19-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-info-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to sections of the walls which have seen no repair work and have collapsed in some places.<sup id="cite_ref-pta_5-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pta-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Smederevo_southwest_wall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Smederevo_southwest_wall.jpg/250px-Smederevo_southwest_wall.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Smederevo_southwest_wall.jpg/375px-Smederevo_southwest_wall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Smederevo_southwest_wall.jpg/500px-Smederevo_southwest_wall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>The southwestern wall of the fortified suburb</figcaption></figure> <p>The first, and most severe, damage happened during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. On June 5, 1941, <a href="/wiki/Ammunition" title="Ammunition">ammunition</a> stored in the fortress exploded,<sup id="cite_ref-pta_5-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pta-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-see2_8-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-see2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-info_19-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-info-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> destroying not only a large part of the southern wall, but also decimating most of <a href="/wiki/Smederevo" title="Smederevo">Smederevo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-razaranja_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-razaranja-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further damage was caused by the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allies</a>' bombing in 1944.<sup id="cite_ref-pta_5-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pta-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-see2_8-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-see2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-info_19-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-info-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Dam" title="Dam">dam</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Iron_Gate_(Danube)" class="mw-redirect" title="Iron Gate (Danube)">Iron Gate</a>, completed in 1972, raised the <a href="/wiki/Water_table" title="Water table">water level</a> of the lower <a href="/wiki/Danube" title="Danube">Danube</a> <a href="/wiki/Drainage_basin" title="Drainage basin">basin</a> and caused significant <a href="/wiki/Flood" title="Flood">flooding</a>. Between 1970 and 1980, a system was built to protect the fortress and surrounding city from future high water,<sup id="cite_ref-pta_5-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pta-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> however there was once again <a href="/wiki/2006_European_floods" title="2006 European floods">major flooding in 2006</a>, a result of heavy rainfall and melting snow.<sup id="cite_ref-floods1_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-floods1-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-floods2_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-floods2-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-floods3_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-floods3-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The fortress has been the focus of <a href="/wiki/Building_restoration" class="mw-redirect" title="Building restoration">restoration</a> and <a href="/wiki/Architectural_conservation" class="mw-redirect" title="Architectural conservation">conservation</a> efforts, followed by <a href="/wiki/Archaeology" title="Archaeology">archaeological</a> and <a href="/wiki/Architecture" title="Architecture">architectural</a> research, since at least 1970. The majority of work so far was done between 1970 and 1995.<sup id="cite_ref-pta_5-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pta-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-see_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-see-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While some parts were at least partially repaired, others only received conservation work and are still in bad condition.<sup id="cite_ref-pta_5-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pta-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-see2_8-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-see2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the inner city, the foundation is the only part of the palace which remains standing, and the audience hall has only an outline where the base was. What remains has been partially restored and is now stable, though issues of vegetation growth and permanent maintenance remain. The surrounding towers also still need work, as many have collapsed. The town's restoration was followed in 1994–1995 with an archaeological investigation.<sup id="cite_ref-pta_5-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pta-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-see2_8-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-see2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Smederevo_southeast_wall_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Smederevo_southeast_wall_2.jpg/250px-Smederevo_southeast_wall_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Smederevo_southeast_wall_2.jpg/375px-Smederevo_southeast_wall_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Smederevo_southeast_wall_2.jpg/500px-Smederevo_southeast_wall_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>The southeastern wall of the fortified suburb</figcaption></figure> <p>The fortified suburb is still in very bad condition. Parts of the wall are missing and several towers are leaning or partially collapsed. The corner tower behind the Turkish inscription tower, and the stretch of wall along the Danube have seen conservation efforts, and the southern wall, which has been restored several times as part of a <a href="/wiki/Levee" title="Levee">levee</a>, is stable, but the conservation work is of poor quality. Much of the time has instead been spent on archaeological excavations and research, especially of the remains of the sacral complex and <a href="/wiki/Turkish_bath" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish bath">Turkish bath</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pta_5-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pta-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-see2_8-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-see2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The escarpment along the Danube, which had partially collapsed several times, has seen restoration work, and is now in good condition. On the other sides, much of the escarpment is gone or underground, and the overall condition is unknown.<sup id="cite_ref-pta_5-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pta-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-see2_8-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-see2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ambiance and setting are also threatened, though they remain the best along the Danube. The other two sides are surrounded by modern development, such as a <a href="/wiki/Marina" title="Marina">marina</a> on the eastern side, a <a href="/wiki/Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Railway">railway</a> to the south, and a variety of other urban structures.<sup id="cite_ref-pta_5-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pta-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-see2_8-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-see2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The planned final result of the work is for full <a href="/wiki/Land_rehabilitation" title="Land rehabilitation">rehabilitation</a> of both Smederevo Fortress and its immediate surroundings, including relocating the railroad, though estimations of cost vary widely. Between 2003 and 2004, the cost for just the conservation work was estimated to be <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">€</a>10,600,000,<sup id="cite_ref-pta_5-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pta-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the total rehabilitation cost, including conservation, restoration, and research, reached as high as €22,000,000.<sup id="cite_ref-see2_8-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-see2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2005, the combined cost for basic conservation and research dropped to €4,000,000.<sup id="cite_ref-pta_5-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pta-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ongoing_risk_factors">Ongoing risk factors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Smederevo_Fortress&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Ongoing risk factors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Despite conservation efforts, the fortress is still at risk of damage, for reasons, both natural and man-made. The higher <a href="/wiki/Groundwater" title="Groundwater">groundwater</a> level resulting from the <a href="/wiki/Dam" title="Dam">dam</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Iron_Gate_(Danube)" class="mw-redirect" title="Iron Gate (Danube)">Iron Gate</a> threatens its stability, and has increased the number of floods, especially before the coast was <a href="/wiki/Consolidation_(soil)" class="mw-redirect" title="Consolidation (soil)">consolidated</a>. <a href="/wiki/Air_pollution" title="Air pollution">Air pollution</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vegetation" title="Vegetation">vegetation</a> growth are increasing the rate of decay. Urban <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/encroachment" class="extiw" title="wikt:encroachment">encroachment</a>, especially by the railroad, continues to threaten the character of the area surrounding the fortress. Unrestricted visits by tourists, combined with inadequate protection, maintenance, and support, both administrative and financial, also contribute to the slow deterioration of the fortress.<sup id="cite_ref-pta_5-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pta-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-see2_8-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-see2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Smederevo_Fortress&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/48px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/64px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Serbia" title="Portal:Serbia">Serbia portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Despotate" title="Serbian Despotate">Serbian Despotate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Empire" title="Serbian Empire">Serbian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Serbia" title="History of Serbia">History of Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Serbia in the Middle Ages">Serbia in the Middle Ages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Monuments_of_Exceptional_Importance_(Serbia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cultural Monuments of Exceptional Importance (Serbia)">Monuments of Culture of Exceptional Importance (Serbia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fortresses_in_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of fortresses in Serbia">List of fortresses in Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Serbia" title="Tourism in Serbia">Tourism in Serbia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Smederevo_Fortress&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <a href="/wiki/File:Smederevo_small_town_table.jpg" title="File:Smederevo small town table.jpg">the sign at the entrance to the inner city</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research"><span title="The material near this tag possibly contains original research. (January 2023)">original research?</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">As mentioned <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rastko.org.rs/knjizevnost/usmena/bsuvajdzic-uskoci.html">here</a>, the existence of, but not explanation for, hajduks was noted by <a href="/wiki/Constantine_of_Kostenets" title="Constantine of Kostenets">Constantine of Kostenets</a> in his <i>Žitije despota Stefana Lazarevića</i> (<i>Biography of <a href="/wiki/Despotes" class="mw-redirect" title="Despotes">Despot</a> <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Lazarevi%C4%87" title="Stefan Lazarević">Stefan Lazarević</a></i>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bath-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bath_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bath_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">There is also a claim that the bath was built during the 15th century, seen <a href="/wiki/File:Smederevo_bath_table.jpg" title="File:Smederevo bath table.jpg">here</a>. The fortress was under Ottoman control for both dates, so both are plausible.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See the fortress map and its source images.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Smederevo_Fortress&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nasledje.gov.rs/index.cfm/spomenici/pregled_spomenika?spomenik_id=43676">"Информациони систем непокретних културних добара"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8+%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC+%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnasledje.gov.rs%2Findex.cfm%2Fspomenici%2Fpregled_spomenika%3Fspomenik_id%3D43676&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmederevo+Fortress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100805044538/http://www.emg.rs/en/news/serbia/128869.html">"Five Serbian cultural sites nominated to UNESCO list"</a>. <i>Ekonom:east Media Group</i>. 2010-08-03. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.emg.rs/en/news/serbia/128869.html">the original</a> on 2010-08-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-08-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ekonom%3Aeast+Media+Group&rft.atitle=Five+Serbian+cultural+sites+nominated+to+UNESCO+list&rft.date=2010-08-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.emg.rs%2Fen%2Fnews%2Fserbia%2F128869.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmederevo+Fortress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5538/">"Smederevo Fortress"</a>. UNESCO World Heritage Centre<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-01-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Smederevo+Fortress&rft.pub=UNESCO+World+Heritage+Centre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Ftentativelists%2F5538%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmederevo+Fortress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pta-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pta_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pta_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pta_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pta_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pta_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pta_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pta_5-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pta_5-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pta_5-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pta_5-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pta_5-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pta_5-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pta_5-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pta_5-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pta_5-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pta_5-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pta_5-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pta_5-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pta_5-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pta_5-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pta_5-20"><sup><i><b>u</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pta_5-21"><sup><i><b>v</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pta_5-22"><sup><i><b>w</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pta_5-23"><sup><i><b>x</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pta_5-24"><sup><i><b>y</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pta_5-25"><sup><i><b>z</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pta_5-26"><sup><i><b>aa</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pta_5-27"><sup><i><b>ab</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pta_5-28"><sup><i><b>ac</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pta_5-29"><sup><i><b>ad</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pta_5-30"><sup><i><b>ae</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pta_5-31"><sup><i><b>af</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pta_5-32"><sup><i><b>ag</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVukoičićRadovanović,_Dejan2005" class="citation conference cs1">Vukoičić, Petar; Radovanović, Dejan (2005-11-23). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070721124601/http://www.coe.int/t/e/cultural_co-operation/heritage/technical_co-operation_and_consultancy/3._projects_and_programmes/PTA_Serbia(SerbiaandMontenegro)_SmederevoFortress.pdf?L=E">"Smederevo Fortress – Smederevo – Serbia (Serbia and Montenegro)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Regional Programme for Cultural and Natural Heritage in South East Europe 2003–2006</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.coe.int/t/e/cultural_co-operation/heritage/technical_co-operation_and_consultancy/3._projects_and_programmes/IRPP_SAAH.asp">Integrated Rehabilitation Project Plan / Survey of the Architectural and Archaeological Heritage (IRPP/SAAH)</a>. <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a>/<a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.coe.int/t/e/cultural_co-operation/heritage/technical_co-operation_and_consultancy/3._projects_and_programmes/PTA_Serbia(SerbiaandMontenegro)_SmederevoFortress.pdf?L=E">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(<a href="/wiki/PDF" title="PDF">PDF</a>)</span> on 2007-07-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-07-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.atitle=Smederevo+Fortress+%E2%80%93+Smederevo+%E2%80%93+Serbia+%28Serbia+and+Montenegro%29&rft.btitle=Regional+Programme+for+Cultural+and+Natural+Heritage+in+South+East+Europe+2003%E2%80%932006&rft.pub=European+Commission%2FCouncil+of+Europe&rft.date=2005-11-23&rft.aulast=Vukoi%C4%8Di%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Petar&rft.au=Radovanovi%C4%87%2C+Dejan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.coe.int%2Ft%2Fe%2Fcultural_co-operation%2Fheritage%2Ftechnical_co-operation_and_consultancy%2F3._projects_and_programmes%2FPTA_Serbia%28SerbiaandMontenegro%29_SmederevoFortress.pdf%3FL%3DE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmederevo+Fortress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tvrdjava-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tvrdjava_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tvrdjava_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tvrdjava_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tvrdjava_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tvrdjava_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tvrdjava_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tvrdjava_6-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tvrdjava_6-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070707104750/http://www.smederevo.co.yu/grad/istorija/tvrdjava.htm">"Smederevo - Tvrđava"</a> (in Serbian). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smederevo.co.yu/grad/istorija/tvrdjava.htm">the original</a> on 2007-07-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-07-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Smederevo+-+Tvr%C4%91ava&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smederevo.co.yu%2Fgrad%2Fistorija%2Ftvrdjava.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmederevo+Fortress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ljubomir-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ljubomir_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ljubomir_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ljubomir_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ljubomir_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ljubomir_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ljubomir_7-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ljubomir_7-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ljubomir_7-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ljubomir_7-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ljubomir_7-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ljubomir_7-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ljubomir_7-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.srpsko-nasledje.co.rs/sr-l/1998/07/article-04.html">"Pod vlašću proklete Jerine"</a>. <i>Srpsko Nasleđe: Istorijske Sveske</i> (in Serbian). <b>7</b>. July 1998<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-07-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Srpsko+Nasle%C4%91e%3A+Istorijske+Sveske&rft.atitle=Pod+vla%C5%A1%C4%87u+proklete+Jerine&rft.volume=7&rft.date=1998-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.srpsko-nasledje.co.rs%2Fsr-l%2F1998%2F07%2Farticle-04.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmederevo+Fortress" class="Z3988"></span> (Excerpt from <i>Smederevo 1430–1930</i> by Ljubomir Petrović.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-see2-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-see2_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-see2_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-see2_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-see2_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-see2_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-see2_8-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-see2_8-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-see2_8-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-see2_8-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-see2_8-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-see2_8-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-see2_8-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-see2_8-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-see2_8-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-see2_8-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-see2_8-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-see2_8-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-see2_8-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-see2_8-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-see2_8-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-see2_8-20"><sup><i><b>u</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-see2_8-21"><sup><i><b>v</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-see2_8-22"><sup><i><b>w</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-see2_8-23"><sup><i><b>x</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-see2_8-24"><sup><i><b>y</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRegional_Institute_for_Monument_Protection,_Smederevo2004" class="citation conference cs1">Regional Institute for Monument Protection, Smederevo (March 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070614011830/http://www.coe.int/t/e/cultural_co-operation/heritage/technical_co-operation_and_consultancy/3._projects_and_programmes/IRPPSAAH_PIL-SERBIA.pdf?L=E">"Serbia and Montenegro (Serbia): Smederevo Fortress"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Regional Programme for Cultural and Natural Heritage in South East Europe</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.coe.int/t/e/cultural_co-operation/heritage/technical_co-operation_and_consultancy/3._projects_and_programmes/IRPP_SAAH.asp">Integrated Rehabilitation Project Plan / Survey of the Architectural and Archaeological Heritage (IRPP/SAAH)</a>. <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a>/<a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe</a>. pp. 79–82. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.coe.int/t/e/cultural_co-operation/heritage/technical_co-operation_and_consultancy/3._projects_and_programmes/IRPPSAAH_PIL-SERBIA.pdf?L=E">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(<a href="/wiki/PDF" title="PDF">PDF</a>)</span> on 2007-06-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-07-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.atitle=Serbia+and+Montenegro+%28Serbia%29%3A+Smederevo+Fortress&rft.btitle=Regional+Programme+for+Cultural+and+Natural+Heritage+in+South+East+Europe&rft.pages=79-82&rft.pub=European+Commission%2FCouncil+of+Europe&rft.date=2004-03&rft.au=Regional+Institute+for+Monument+Protection%2C+Smederevo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.coe.int%2Ft%2Fe%2Fcultural_co-operation%2Fheritage%2Ftechnical_co-operation_and_consultancy%2F3._projects_and_programmes%2FIRPPSAAH_PIL-SERBIA.pdf%3FL%3DE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmederevo+Fortress" class="Z3988"></span> (A reprint of the specific section may be found <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.seecorridors.eu/filebank/file_219.pdf">here</a>.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rastko-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rastko_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFĆorović1997" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_%C4%86orovi%C4%87" title="Vladimir Ćorović">Ćorović, Vladimir</a> (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130319070121/http://www.rastko.org.rs/rastko-bl/istorija/corovic/istorija/index_l.html">"IV. Oporavljena Srbija - V. Despot Đurađ Branković"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rastko.org.rs/rastko-bl/istorija/corovic/istorija/index_l.html"><i>Istorija srpskog naroda</i></a> (in Serbian). Banja Luka / Belgrade: <a href="/wiki/Project_Rastko" title="Project Rastko">Project Rastko</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rastko.org.rs/rastko-bl/istorija/corovic/istorija/4_4_l.html">the original</a> on 2013-03-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-07-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=IV.+Oporavljena+Srbija+-+V.+Despot+%C4%90ura%C4%91+Brankovi%C4%87&rft.btitle=Istorija+srpskog+naroda&rft.place=Banja+Luka+%2F+Belgrade&rft.pub=Project+Rastko&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=%C4%86orovi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Vladimir&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rastko.org.rs%2Frastko-bl%2Fistorija%2Fcorovic%2Fistorija%2F4_4_l.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmederevo+Fortress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-histgeo-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-histgeo_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mek.oszk.hu/01900/01949/html/index6.html">"Historical Geography: Neighboring Countries and Provinces"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(Reprint <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mek.oszk.hu/01900/01949/html/index.html">(bottom of page)</a>)</span>. <i>Knight Kings: The Anjou- and Sigismund Age in Hungary (1301–1437)</i>. Encyclopaedia Humana Hungarica 03 / Magyar Elektronikus Könyvtár. 1997<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-07-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Knight+Kings%3A+The+Anjou-+and+Sigismund+Age+in+Hungary+%281301%E2%80%931437%29&rft.atitle=Historical+Geography%3A+Neighboring+Countries+and+Provinces&rft.date=1997&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmek.oszk.hu%2F01900%2F01949%2Fhtml%2Findex6.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmederevo+Fortress" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">External link in <code class="cs1-code"><code class="cs1-code">|format=</code></code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#param_has_ext_link" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-varna-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-varna_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-varna_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFImber2006" class="citation book cs1">Imber, Colin (July 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070628084856/http://www.ashgate.com/subject_area/downloads/sample_chapters/Crusade_of_Varna_Intro.pdf">"Introduction"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/crusadeofvarna140000imbe/page/9"><i>The Crusade of Varna, 1443–45</i></a>. Ashgate Publishing. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/crusadeofvarna140000imbe/page/9">9–31</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7546-0144-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-7546-0144-7"><bdi>0-7546-0144-7</bdi></a>. Archived from the original on 2007-06-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-07-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction&rft.btitle=The+Crusade+of+Varna%2C+1443%E2%80%9345&rft.pages=9-31&rft.pub=Ashgate+Publishing&rft.date=2006-07&rft.isbn=0-7546-0144-7&rft.aulast=Imber&rft.aufirst=Colin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ashgate.com%2Fsubject_area%2Fdownloads%2Fsample_chapters%2FCrusade_of_Varna_Intro.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmederevo+Fortress" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sugar-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sugar_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSugar1977" class="citation book cs1">Sugar, Peter (1977). "Chapter 1: The Early History and the Establishment of the Ottomans in Europe". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080509053848/http://coursesa.matrix.msu.edu/~fisher/hst373/readings/sugar.html"><i>Southeastern Europe Under Ottoman Rule, 1354–1804</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Washington_Press" title="University of Washington Press">University of Washington Press</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://coursesa.matrix.msu.edu/~fisher/hst373/readings/sugar.html">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(Reprint)</span> on 2008-05-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-07-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+1%3A+The+Early+History+and+the+Establishment+of+the+Ottomans+in+Europe&rft.btitle=Southeastern+Europe+Under+Ottoman+Rule%2C+1354%26ndash%3B1804&rft.pub=University+of+Washington+Press&rft.date=1977&rft.aulast=Sugar&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcoursesa.matrix.msu.edu%2F~fisher%2Fhst373%2Freadings%2Fsugar.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmederevo+Fortress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SUC-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SUC_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070712175116/http://www.serbianunity.net/culture/history/Serb_History/fall.html">"The Final Chapter (1402–1496)"</a>. <i>Serbian Medieval History</i>. <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Unity_Congress" title="Serbian Unity Congress">Serbian Unity Congress</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.serbianunity.net/culture/history/Serb_History/fall.html">the original</a> on July 12, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-07-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Serbian+Medieval+History&rft.atitle=The+Final+Chapter+%281402%E2%80%931496%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.serbianunity.net%2Fculture%2Fhistory%2FSerb_History%2Ffall.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmederevo+Fortress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">From <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.srpsko-nasledje.co.rs/sr-l/1998/07/article-04.html">"Pod vlašću proklete Jerina"</a>: "... in curia sine [<i><a href="/wiki/Sic" title="Sic">sic</a></i>] palatio residentie apud Semedram in sala mogna audientie."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThorpe2013" class="citation book cs1">Thorpe, Nick (2013). <i>The Danube: A Journey Upriver from the Black Sea to the Black Forest</i>. <a href="/wiki/New_Haven,_Connecticut" title="New Haven, Connecticut">New Haven, Connecticut</a>: Yale University Press. p. 143. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-30018-165-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-30018-165-4"><bdi>978-0-30018-165-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Danube%3A+A+Journey+Upriver+from+the+Black+Sea+to+the+Black+Forest&rft.place=New+Haven%2C+Connecticut&rft.pages=143&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-30018-165-4&rft.aulast=Thorpe&rft.aufirst=Nick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmederevo+Fortress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNicol1993" class="citation book cs1">Nicol, Donald M. (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=y2d6OHLqwEsC"><i>The Last Centuries of Byzantium, 1261–1453</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge" title="Cambridge">Cambridge</a>: Cambridge University Press. p. 366. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-43991-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-43991-4"><bdi>0-521-43991-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Last+Centuries+of+Byzantium%2C+1261%E2%80%931453&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=366&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=0-521-43991-4&rft.aulast=Nicol&rft.aufirst=Donald+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dy2d6OHLqwEsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmederevo+Fortress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuran2012" class="citation book cs1">Guran, Petre (2012). "Slavonic Historical Writing in South-Eastern Europe, 1200–1600". In Foot, Sarah; Robinson, Chase F. (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bzmBxU39PGMC"><i>The Oxford History of Historical Writing: 400–1400</i></a>. Vol. 2. OUP Oxford. p. 328. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-923642-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-923642-8"><bdi>978-0-19-923642-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Slavonic+Historical+Writing+in+South-Eastern+Europe%2C+1200%E2%80%931600&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+History+of+Historical+Writing%3A+400%E2%80%931400&rft.pages=328&rft.pub=OUP+Oxford&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-19-923642-8&rft.aulast=Guran&rft.aufirst=Petre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbzmBxU39PGMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmederevo+Fortress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> John V. A. Fine, John Van Antwerp Fine; (1994) <i>The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest</i> p. 575; University of Michigan Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0472100793" title="Special:BookSources/0472100793">0472100793</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-info-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-info_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-info_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-info_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-info_19-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-info_19-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-info_19-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-info_19-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060926233743/http://www.serbia-info.com/ntos/cul_smed.htm">"Smederevo"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.serbia-info.com/ntos/cul_smed.htm">the original</a> on 2006-09-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-07-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Smederevo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.serbia-info.com%2Fntos%2Fcul_smed.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmederevo+Fortress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-razaranja-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-razaranja_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-razaranja_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060929104503/http://www.smederevo.co.yu/grad/istorija/razaranja.htm">"Smederevo - Razaranja"</a> (in Serbian). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smederevo.co.yu/grad/istorija/razaranja.htm">the original</a> on 2006-09-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-07-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Smederevo+-+Razaranja&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smederevo.co.yu%2Fgrad%2Fistorija%2Frazaranja.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmederevo+Fortress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smederevo.org.rs/OPSTINA-SMEDEREVO-Tvrdjava_81____lat">Tvrđava - Prestoni grad</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160822152928/http://www.smederevo.org.rs/OPSTINA-SMEDEREVO-Tvrdjava_81____lat">Archived</a> 2016-08-22 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>www.smederevo.org.rs</i> <span class="languageicon">(in Serbian)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kula-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-kula_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070702182031/http://www.smederevo.co.yu/grad/istorija/kula.htm">"Kula s natpisom"</a> (in Serbian). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smederevo.co.yu/grad/istorija/kula.htm">the original</a> on 2007-07-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-07-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kula+s+natpisom&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smederevo.co.yu%2Fgrad%2Fistorija%2Fkula.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmederevo+Fortress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-seone-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-seone_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEstrela_sas_Milano" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Estrela sas Milano. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061022174543/http://www.roma-victrix.com/urbisetloca/urbisetloca_moesia.htm">"Urbes et Loca: Moesia Superior - Moesia Inferior - Dacia"</a>. <i>Roma Victrix: Historia Militaris Romae</i> (in Italian). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.roma-victrix.com/urbisetloca/urbisetloca_moesia.htm">the original</a> on 2006-10-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-07-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Roma+Victrix%3A+Historia+Militaris+Romae&rft.atitle=Urbes+et+Loca%3A+Moesia+Superior+-+Moesia+Inferior+-+Dacia&rft.au=Estrela+sas+Milano&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.roma-victrix.com%2Furbisetloca%2Furbisetloca_moesia.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmederevo+Fortress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-seonemap-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-seonemap_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070627100301/http://www.smederevo.co.yu/grad/redvbus.htm">"Autobuski red vožnje"</a> (in Serbian). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smederevo.co.yu/grad/redvbus.htm">the original</a> on 2007-06-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-07-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Autobuski+red+vo%C5%BEnje&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smederevo.co.yu%2Fgrad%2Fredvbus.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmederevo+Fortress" class="Z3988"></span> (The map near the bottom shows Seone to the west of Smederevo)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-margum-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-margum_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.danievropskebastine.org.rs/engleski/srbija/Pozarevac.htm">"Program of events in Serbia"</a>. <i>European Heritage Days – 11–30 September</i>. <a href="/wiki/European_Heritage_Days" title="European Heritage Days">European Heritage Days</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbian</a> branch<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-07-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=European+Heritage+Days+%E2%80%93+11%E2%80%9330+September&rft.atitle=Program+of+events+in+Serbia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.danievropskebastine.org.rs%2Fengleski%2Fsrbija%2FPozarevac.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmederevo+Fortress" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged January 2018">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-floods1-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-floods1_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070304160725/http://www.aparchive.com/aparchive/pages/nr06/wnr2006_shotlist.htm">"Disaster – Serbia Flood"</a>. <i>AP Archive - World News Review 2006 - Full Shotlist</i>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. 2006-04-14. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aparchive.com/aparchive/pages/nr06/wnr2006_shotlist.htm">the original</a> on 2007-03-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-07-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AP+Archive+-+World+News+Review+2006+-+Full+Shotlist&rft.atitle=Disaster+%E2%80%93+Serbia+Flood&rft.date=2006-04-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aparchive.com%2Faparchive%2Fpages%2Fnr06%2Fwnr2006_shotlist.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmederevo+Fortress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-floods2-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-floods2_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFČekerevac" class="citation web cs1">Čekerevac, Zoran. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070704115505/http://www.securitymagazine.sk/articles/9.pdf">"Flood Disaster in Serbia in the Spring 2006"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Security Magazine. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.securitymagazine.sk/articles/9.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2007-07-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-07-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Flood+Disaster+in+Serbia+in+the+Spring+2006&rft.pub=Security+Magazine&rft.aulast=%C4%8Cekerevac&rft.aufirst=Zoran&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.securitymagazine.sk%2Farticles%2F9.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmederevo+Fortress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-floods3-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-floods3_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4915342.stm">"Balkans in race to stem flooding"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>. 2006-04-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-07-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Balkans+in+race+to+stem+flooding&rft.date=2006-04-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Feurope%2F4915342.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmederevo+Fortress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-see-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-see_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.seecorridors.eu/?w_p=39&w_l=2&w_id=239">"Smederevo Fortress"</a>. <i>Cultural Corridors of South East Europe : Heritage at Risk</i>. Association for Cultural Tourism<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-07-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cultural+Corridors+of+South+East+Europe+%3A+Heritage+at+Risk&rft.atitle=Smederevo+Fortress&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seecorridors.eu%2F%3Fw_p%3D39%26w_l%3D2%26w_id%3D239&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmederevo+Fortress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Smederevo_Fortress&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Smederevo_Fortress" class="extiw" title="commons:Smederevo Fortress"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Smederevo Fortress</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFĆurčić_Slobodan2013" class="citation journal cs1">Ćurčić Slobodan (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2298%2FZRVI1350835C">"Visible and invisible aspects of building the fortified palace of Smederevo and its historical significance"</a>. <i>Zbornik Radova Vizantološkog Instituta</i>. <b>50</b> (2): 835–851. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2298%2FZRVI1350835C">10.2298/ZRVI1350835C</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zbornik+Radova+Vizantolo%C5%A1kog+Instituta&rft.atitle=Visible+and+invisible+aspects+of+building+the+fortified+palace+of+Smederevo+and+its+historical+significance&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=835-851&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2298%2FZRVI1350835C&rft.au=%C4%86ur%C4%8Di%C4%87+Slobodan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.2298%252FZRVI1350835C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASmederevo+Fortress" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/sr:%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B2" class="extiw" title="wikisource:sr:Старина Новак и кнез Богосав">Starina Novak i knez Bogosav</a> on <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Serbian)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071107105434/http://smederevska7.campware.org/look/print.tpl?IdLanguage=10&IdPublication=1&NrArticle=1701&NrIssue=360&NrSection=30">Interview</a> regarding the sacral complex, <i>Blagoveštenjska</i>, and a proposed inner city chapel, <i>Dvorska</i>. <span class="languageicon">(in Serbian)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071006075649/http://smederevska7.campware.org/look/print.tpl?IdLanguage=10&IdPublication=1&NrArticle=1729&NrIssue=361&NrSection=30">Reaction</a> to the above interview. <span class="languageicon">(in Serbian)</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Smederevo_Fortress&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smederevskatvrdjava.com/?lang=en">3D virtual walk "Smederevo Fortress"</a> <i>smederevskatvrdjava.com</i> <span class="languageicon">(in English and Serbian)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.serbia.com/visit-serbia/cultural-attractions/palaces-and-fortresses/smederevo-fortress-and-the-damned-despotess">Smederevo fortress and the damned despotess</a> <i>serbia.com</i></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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in Serbia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#99cc88;;width:1%">2002 applicants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Justiniana_Prima" title="Justiniana Prima">Caričin Grad (Justiniana Prima)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90erdap_National_Park" title="Đerdap National Park">Đerdap National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ar_Mountains#National_park" title="Šar Mountains">Šar Mountains National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deliblato_Sand" class="mw-redirect" title="Deliblato Sand">The Deliblato Sands Special Natural Reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90avolja_Varo%C5%A1" title="Đavolja Varoš">Đavolja Varoš</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tara_National_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Tara National Park">The Tara National Park with the Drina River Canyon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#99cc88;;width:1%">2010 applicants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manasija_monastery" class="mw-redirect" title="Manasija monastery">Fortified Manasija Monastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba%C4%8D_Fortress" title="Bač Fortress">Bač Fortress and its surroundings</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raja%C4%8Dke_Pimnice&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rajačke Pimnice (page does not exist)">Rajačke Pimnice</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Smederevo Fortress</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" 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data-file-height="900" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Immovable_Cultural_Heritage_of_Exceptional_Importance_(Serbia)" title="Immovable Cultural Heritage of Exceptional Importance (Serbia)">Immovable Cultural Heritage of Exceptional Importance</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Archaeological_Sites_of_Exceptional_Importance_(Serbia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaeological Sites of Exceptional Importance (Serbia)">Archaeological Sites</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vin%C4%8Da-Belo_Brdo" title="Vinča-Belo Brdo">Vinča</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediana" title="Mediana">Mediana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justiniana_Prima" title="Justiniana Prima">Justiniana Prima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mramorje_(Peru%C4%87ac)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mramorje (Perućac)">Mramorje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velika_humka" title="Velika humka">Velika humka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudna_Glava_(archaeological_site)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rudna Glava (archaeological site)">Rudna Glava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamzigrad" title="Gamzigrad">Gamzigrad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trajan%27s_Bridge" title="Trajan's Bridge">Trajan's Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepenski_Vir" title="Lepenski Vir">Lepenski Vir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diana_Fortress" class="mw-redirect" title="Diana Fortress">Diana/Karataš</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kraku_Lu_Jordan" title="Kraku Lu Jordan">Kraku Lu Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star%C4%8Devo_site" title="Starčevo site">Starčevo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bassianae" title="Bassianae">Bassianae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirmium" title="Sirmium">Sirmium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%BDidovar" title="Židovar">Židovar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gomolava&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gomolava (page does not exist)">Gomolava</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%8Cibska_%C5%A1uma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Čibska šuma (page does not exist)">Čibska šuma</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Titel_plateau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Titel plateau (page does not exist)">Kalvarija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulpiana" title="Ulpiana">Ulpiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viminacium" title="Viminacium">Viminacium</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Spomenik_Kulture.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cultural Property"><img alt="Cultural Property" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Spomenik_Kulture.svg/80px-Spomenik_Kulture.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Spomenik_Kulture.svg/120px-Spomenik_Kulture.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Spomenik_Kulture.svg/160px-Spomenik_Kulture.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="593" data-file-height="613" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Monuments_of_Exceptional_Importance_(Serbia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cultural Monuments of Exceptional Importance (Serbia)">Cultural Monuments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_St._Achillius,_Arilje" title="Church of St. Achillius, Arilje">St. Achillius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Vuk_and_Dositej" title="Museum of Vuk and Dositej">Dositej's Lyceum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Residence_of_Princess_Ljubica" title="Residence of Princess Ljubica">Residence of Princess Ljubica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgrade_Fortress" title="Belgrade Fortress">Belgrade Fortress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captain_Mi%C5%A1a_Mansion" title="Captain Miša Mansion">Captain Miša Mansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Michael%27s_Cathedral,_Belgrade" title="St. Michael's Cathedral, Belgrade">Belgrade Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_4_July" title="Museum of 4 July">Museum of 4 July</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secret_print_shop_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Yugoslavia" title="Secret print shop of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia">Secret Partisan Print Shop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Residence_of_Prince_Milo%C5%A1" title="Residence of Prince Miloš">Residence of Prince Miloš</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Holy_Apostles_Peter_and_Paul,_Top%C4%8Dider" title="Church of the Holy Apostles Peter and Paul, Topčider">Topčider Church</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Top%C4%8Dider_Parish_House&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Topčider Parish House (page does not exist)">Topčider Parish House</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Top%C4%8Dider_Obelisk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Topčider Obelisk (page does not exist)">Topčider Obelisk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pokajnica_Monastery" title="Pokajnica Monastery">Pokajnica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golubac_Fortress" title="Golubac Fortress">Golubac Fortress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takovo" title="Takovo">Takovo complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manasija" title="Manasija">Manasija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabula_Traiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Tabula Traiana">Tabula Traiana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=District_Courthouse,_Kragujevac&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="District Courthouse, Kragujevac (page does not exist)">Kragujevac District Courthouse</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_of_Svetozar_Markovi%C4%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="House of Svetozar Marković (page does not exist)">House of Svetozar Marković</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sobra%C5%A1ice_of_Lu%C5%BEnice&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sobrašice of Lužnice (page does not exist)">Sobrašice of Lužnice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%BDi%C4%8Da" title="Žiča">Žiča</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Studenica_Monastery" title="Studenica Monastery">Studenica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magli%C4%8D" title="Maglič">Maglič</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazarica_Church" title="Lazarica Church">Lazarica</a> with <a href="/wiki/Kru%C5%A1evac_Fortress" title="Kruševac Fortress">Kruševac Fortress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monastery_of_St._Nicholas,_Kur%C5%A1umlija" title="Monastery of St. Nicholas, Kuršumlija">St. Nicholas Monastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Holy_Mother_of_God,_Kur%C5%A1umlija" title="Church of the Holy Mother of God, Kuršumlija">Holy Mother of God, Kuršumlija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memorial_Church,_Lazarevac" title="Memorial Church, Lazarevac">Lazarevac Memorial Church</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ma%C4%8Dkov_Kamen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mačkov Kamen (page does not exist)">Mačkov Kamen</a> complex</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Despot_Stefan_Lazarevi%C4%87_Memorial" class="mw-redirect" title="Despot Stefan Lazarević Memorial">Despot Stefan Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hajduk_Veljko%27s_Powder_Magazine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hajduk Veljko's Powder Magazine (page does not exist)">Hajduk Veljko's Powder Magazine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Early_Byzantine_Tomb_with_Frescoes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Early Byzantine Tomb with Frescoes (page does not exist)">Early Byzantine Tomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skull_Tower" title="Skull Tower">Skull Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crveni_Krst_concentration_camp" title="Crveni Krst concentration camp">Niš concentration camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90ur%C4%91evi_Stupovi" class="mw-redirect" title="Đurđevi Stupovi">Đurđevi Stupovi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Holy_Apostles_Peter_and_Paul,_Ras" title="Church of the Holy Apostles Peter and Paul, Ras">Petrova Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopo%C4%87ani" title="Sopoćani">Sopoćani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stari_Ras" title="Stari Ras">Stari Ras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_House,_Pirot" title="Old House, Pirot">Hristić family House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banja_Monastery" title="Banja Monastery">Banja Monastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mile%C5%A1eva_Monastery" title="Mileševa Monastery">Mileševa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Partisan_Hospital,_Prijepolje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Partisan Hospital, Prijepolje (page does not exist)">Partisan Hospital, Prijepolje</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Church_of_St._Peter_and_Paul,_Gornja_Dobrinja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Church of St. Peter and Paul, Gornja Dobrinja (page does not exist)">St. Peter and Paul</a>'s in <a href="/wiki/Gornja_Dobrinja" title="Gornja Dobrinja">Gornja Dobrinja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gradac_Monastery" title="Gradac Monastery">Gradac Monastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaleni%C4%87_Monastery" title="Kalenić Monastery">Kalenić</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Smederevo Fortress</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Museum_of_1941_Uprising&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Museum of 1941 Uprising (page does not exist)">Museum of 1941 Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Partisan_printing_house_%22Borba%22&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Partisan printing house "Borba" (page does not exist)">Partisan printing house "Borba"</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Headquarters_of_the_Main_People%27s_Liberation_Committee_of_Serbia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Headquarters of the Main People's Liberation Committee of Serbia (page does not exist)">Headquarters of the Main People's Liberation Committee of Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plant_nursery,_U%C5%BEice&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plant nursery, Užice (page does not exist)">Plant nursery, Užice</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Partisan_Hospital,_Kr%C4%8Dagovo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Partisan Hospital, Krčagovo (page does not exist)">Partisan Hospital, Krčagovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadinja%C4%8Da" title="Kadinjača">Kadinjača</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stari_Han" title="Stari Han">Stari Han</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oplenac" title="Oplenac">Oplenac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ljubostinja" title="Ljubostinja">Ljubostinja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravanica" title="Ravanica">Ravanica</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_of_Dimitrije_Tucovi%C4%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="House of Dimitrije Tucović (page does not exist)">House of Dimitrije Tucović</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atenica_Wine_cellar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atenica Wine cellar (page does not exist)">Atenica Wine cellar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memorial_chapel_with_the_crypt,_Prnjavor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Memorial chapel with the crypt, Prnjavor (page does not exist)">Prnjavor Memorial Chapel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wooden_Church,_Dub&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wooden Church, Dub (page does not exist)">Wooden Church, Dub</a></li> <li>St. Peter and Paul's in <a href="/wiki/Sirogojno" title="Sirogojno">Sirogojno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monument_to_the_Unknown_Hero" title="Monument to the Unknown Hero">Monument to the Unknown Hero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prohor_P%C4%8Dinjski_Monastery" title="Prohor Pčinjski Monastery">Prohor Pčinjski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bo%C4%91ani_Monastery" title="Bođani Monastery">Bođani Monastery</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ba%C4%8D_Franciscan_Church&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bač Franciscan Church (page does not exist)">Bač Franciscan Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dun%C4%91erski_Palace_(%C4%8Celarevo)" title="Dunđerski Palace (Čelarevo)">Dunđerski Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ne%C5%A1tin_House&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neštin House (page does not exist)">Neštin House</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ba%C4%8Dki_Petrovac_House&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bački Petrovac House (page does not exist)">Bački Petrovac House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beo%C4%8Din_Monastery" title="Beočin Monastery">Beočin Monastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rakovac_Monastery" title="Rakovac Monastery">Rakovac Monastery</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0lajz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Šlajz (page does not exist)">Šlajz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bishop%27s_palace,_Vr%C5%A1ac&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bishop's palace, Vršac (page does not exist)">Bishop's palace, Vršac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesi%C4%87_Monastery" title="Mesić Monastery">Mesić Monastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vojinovi%C4%87_Bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Vojinović Bridge">Vojinović Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vojinovi%C4%87_Tower" class="mw-redirect" title="Vojinović Tower">Medieval palace of Vučitrn</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monastery_of_Saint_Barbara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monastery of Saint Barbara (page does not exist)">Monastery of St Barbara</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wooden_house_of_Lo%C4%87ane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wooden house of Loćane (page does not exist)">Danilović House</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadum_mosque&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hadum mosque (page does not exist)">Hadum mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serbian_Orthodox_Church_in_%C4%8Curug&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serbian Orthodox Church in Čurug (page does not exist)">Orthodox Church in Čurug</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Church_of_St._Nicholas,_Stari_Slankamen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Church of St. Nicholas, Stari Slankamen (page does not exist)">St. Nicholas', Stari Slankamen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velika_Remeta_Monastery" title="Velika Remeta Monastery">Velika Remeta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vrdnik-Ravanica_Monastery" title="Vrdnik-Ravanica Monastery">Vrdnik-Ravanica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grgeteg_Monastery" title="Grgeteg Monastery">Grgeteg Monastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazak_Monastery" title="Jazak Monastery">Jazak Monastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mala_Remeta_Monastery" title="Mala Remeta Monastery">Mala Remeta</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presentation_of_Jesus_Church,_Kru%C5%A1edol_Selo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Presentation of Jesus Church, Krušedol Selo (page does not exist)">Candlemas Church, Krušedol Selo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kru%C5%A1edol_Monastery" title="Krušedol Monastery">Krušedol Monastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novo_Hopovo_Monastery" title="Novo Hopovo Monastery">Novo Hopovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staro_Hopovo_Monastery" title="Staro Hopovo Monastery">Staro Hopovo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gorio%C4%8D_monastery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gorioč monastery (page does not exist)">Gorioč</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Hvosno" class="mw-redirect" title="Our Lady of Hvosno">Our Lady of Hvosno</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Church_of_St._John,_Crkolez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Church of St. John, Crkolez (page does not exist)">St. John's, Crkolez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_St._Nicholas,_%C4%90urakovac" title="Church of St. Nicholas, Đurakovac">St. Nicholas', Đurakovac</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Church_of_St._Nicholas,_Kikinda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Church of St. Nicholas, Kikinda (page does not exist)">St. Nicholas', Kikinda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suva%C4%8Da" title="Suvača">Suvača</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orthodox_Church_in_Mokrin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orthodox Church in Mokrin (page does not exist)">Orthodox Church in Mokrin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Churches_in_White_Drin_valley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Churches in White Drin valley (page does not exist)">Churches in White Drin valley</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=St._Peter_and_Paul%27s_Monastery,_Dobra_Voda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="St. Peter and Paul's Monastery, Dobra Voda (page does not exist)">Dobra Voda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Church_of_the_Presentation_of_the_Virgin,_Dolac&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Church of the Presentation of the Virgin, Dolac (page does not exist)">Dolac Church</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Church_of_St._Parascheva_of_the_Balkans,_Drsnik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Church of St. Parascheva of the Balkans, Drsnik (page does not exist)">Drsnik Church</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Church_of_St._Nicholas,_Mle%C4%8Dane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Church of St. Nicholas, Mlečane (page does not exist)">Mlečane Church</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Church_of_St._Nicholas,_%C4%8Cabi%C4%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Church of St. Nicholas, Čabić (page does not exist)">Čabić Church</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Church_of_St._Nicholas,_Kijevo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Church of St. Nicholas, Kijevo (page does not exist)">Kijevo Church</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lower_Church,_Pogra%C4%91e&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lower Church, Pograđe (page does not exist)">Pograđe Lower Church</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Upper_Church,_Pogra%C4%91e&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Upper Church, Pograđe (page does not exist)">Pograđe Upper Church</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romanian_Orthodox_Church_in_Uzdin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Romanian Orthodox Church in Uzdin (page does not exist)">Romanian Church in Uzdin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holy_Thetokos_Church,_Vagane%C5%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Holy Thetokos Church, Vaganeš (page does not exist)">Holy Thetokos', Vaganeš</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubo%C5%BEac_Monastery" title="Ubožac Monastery">Ubožac (Rđavac)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presentation_of_Mary_Church,_Lipljan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Presentation of Mary Church, Lipljan (page does not exist)">Presentation of Mary, Lipljan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ara%C4%8Da" title="Arača">Arača</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alma%C5%A1ka_Church&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Almaška Church (page does not exist)">Almaška Church</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Church_of_The_Assumption,_Novi_Sad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Church of The Assumption, Novi Sad (page does not exist)">Church of The Assumption, Novi Sad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novo_Brdo_Fortress" title="Novo Brdo Fortress">Novo Brdo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Church_of_St._Nicholas,_Velika_Ho%C4%8Da&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Church of St. Nicholas, Velika Hoča (page does not exist)">St. Nicholas', Velika Hoča</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Church_of_St._John,_Velika_Ho%C4%8Da&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Church of St. John, Velika Hoča (page does not exist)">St. John's, Velika Hoča</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vojlovica_Monastery" title="Vojlovica Monastery">Vojlovica</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transfiguration_Church,_Pan%C4%8Devo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transfiguration Church, Pančevo (page does not exist)">Transfiguration Church, Pančevo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transfiguration_Church,_Budisavci&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transfiguration Church, Budisavci (page does not exist)">Transfiguration Church, Budisavci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bajrakli_Mosque,_Pe%C4%87" class="mw-redirect" title="Bajrakli Mosque, Peć">Bajrakli Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Church_of_St._Jeremiah,_Gora%C5%BEdevac&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Church of St. Jeremiah, Goraždevac (page does not exist)">St. Jeremiah's, Goraždevac</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Warehouses_of_Karlov%C4%8Di%C4%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Warehouses of Karlovčić (page does not exist)">Warehouses of Karlovčić</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogar_House&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ogar House (page does not exist)">Ogar House</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Church_of_St._Luke,_Kupinovo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Church of St. Luke, Kupinovo (page does not exist)">St. Luke's, Kupinovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_St._Nicholas,_Siba%C4%8D" title="Church of St. Nicholas, Sibač">St. Nicholas', Sibač</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prizren_Fortress" title="Prizren Fortress">Kaljaja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermitage_of_St._Peter_of_Kori%C5%A1a" title="Hermitage of St. Peter of Koriša">St. Peter of Koriša</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Holy_Saviour,_Prizren" title="Church of the Holy Saviour, Prizren">Holy Salvation, Prizren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_St._Nicholas,_Prizren" title="Church of St. Nicholas, Prizren">St. Nicholas', Prizren</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Churches_of_Sreda%C4%8Dka_%C5%BDupa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Churches of Sredačka Župa (page does not exist)">Churches of Sredačka Župa</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Church_of_the_Holy_Virgin,_Sredska&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Church of the Holy Virgin, Sredska (page does not exist)">Holy Virgin, Sredska</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=St._George%27s_Church,_Sredska&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="St. George's Church, Sredska (page does not exist)">St. George's, Sredska</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=St._Nicholas%27_Church,_Mu%C5%A1nikovo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="St. Nicholas' Church, Mušnikovo (page does not exist)">St. Nicholas', Mušnikovo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=St._Paraskevi_Church,_Mu%C5%A1nikovo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="St. Paraskevi Church, Mušnikovo (page does not exist)">St. Paraskevi, Mušnikovo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=St._Nicholas%27_Church,_Bogo%C5%A1evce&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="St. Nicholas' Church, Bogoševce (page does not exist)">Bogoševce Church</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=St._George%27s_Church,_Gornje_Selo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="St. George's Church, Gornje Selo (page does not exist)">Gornje Selo Church</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=St._Nicholas%27_Church,_Draj%C4%8Di%C4%87i&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="St. Nicholas' Church, Drajčići (page does not exist)">Drajčići Church</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinan_Pasha_Mosque_(Prizren)" title="Sinan Pasha Mosque (Prizren)">Sinan Pasha Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hammam_of_Prizren&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hammam of Prizren (page does not exist)">Hammam of Prizren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Mosque_(Pristina)" title="Imperial Mosque (Pristina)">Imperial Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Church_of_St._John,_Sombor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Church of St. John, Sombor (page does not exist)">St. John's, Sombor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devi%C4%8D" title="Devič">Devič</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Div%C5%A1a_Monastery" title="Divša Monastery">Divša</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuve%C5%BEdin_Monastery" title="Kuveždin Monastery">Kuveždin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petkovica_Monastery" title="Petkovica Monastery">Petkovica Monastery</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Warehouses_of_Golubinci&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Warehouses of Golubinci (page does not exist)">Warehouses of Golubinci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0i%C5%A1atovac_Monastery" title="Šišatovac Monastery">Šišatovac</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_Church_of_St._Stephen,_Sremska_Mitrovica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Old Church of St. Stephen, Sremska Mitrovica (page does not exist)">Old St. Stephen's, Sremska Mitrovica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriarchate_Court,_Sremski_Karlovci" title="Patriarchate Court, Sremski Karlovci">Patriarchate of Karlovci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sremski_Karlovci_Orthodox_Cathedral" title="Sremski Karlovci Orthodox Cathedral">Saint Nicholas', Sremski Karlovci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subotica_Synagogue" title="Subotica Synagogue">Subotica Synagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subotica_City_Hall" class="mw-redirect" title="Subotica City Hall">Subotica City Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Virgin_Hodegetria,_Mu%C5%A1uti%C5%A1te" title="Church of the Virgin Hodegetria, Mušutište">Virgin Hodegetria, Mušutište</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=St._George_Church,_Re%C4%8Dane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="St. George Church, Rečane (page does not exist)">St. George's, Rečane</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catholic_Church_of_%C4%8Coka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Catholic Church of Čoka (page does not exist)">Catholic Church of Čoka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orthodox_Church_of_Vilovo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orthodox Church of Vilovo (page does not exist)">Orthodox Church of Vilovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zve%C4%8Dan_Fortress" title="Zvečan Fortress">Zvečan Fortress</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Protection_of_the_Mother_of_God_Church_in_Boljetin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Protection of the Mother of God Church in Boljetin (page does not exist)">Sokolica</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monuments_of_Nerodimlje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monuments of Nerodimlje (page does not exist)">Monuments of Nerodimlje</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nerodimlje_Medieval_Town&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nerodimlje Medieval Town (page does not exist)">Nerodimlje Medieval Town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petri%C4%8D_Fortress" title="Petrič Fortress">Petrič Fortress</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monastery_of_St._Uro%C5%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monastery of St. Uroš (page does not exist)">St. Uroš</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Church_of_the_Holy_Archangels,_Gornje_Nerodimlje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Church of the Holy Archangels, Gornje Nerodimlje (page does not exist)">Holy Archangels, Gornje Nerodimlje</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Churches_of_Sirini%C4%87ka_%C5%BDupa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Churches of Sirinićka Župa (page does not exist)">Churches of Sirinićka Župa</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Church_of_St_George,_Gornja_Bitinja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Church of St George, Gornja Bitinja (page does not exist)">St George's, Gornja Bitinja</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=St._Theodor_Tyron%27s_Church,_Donja_Bitinja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="St. Theodor Tyron's Church, Donja Bitinja (page does not exist)">St. Theodor Tyron's, Donja Bitinja</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=St._Nicholas%27_Church,_Gotovu%C5%A1a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="St. Nicholas' Church, Gotovuša (page does not exist)">St. Nicholas', Gotovuša</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=St._Nicholas%27_Church,_%C5%A0trpce&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="St. Nicholas' Church, Štrpce (page does not exist)">St. Nicholas', Štrpce</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privina_Glava_Monastery" title="Privina Glava Monastery">Privina Glava</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orthodox_Church_of_Molovin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orthodox Church of Molovin (page does not exist)">Orthodox Church of Molovin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monastery_of_the_Holy_Archangels" title="Monastery of the Holy Archangels">Holy Archangels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gra%C4%8Danica_Monastery" title="Gračanica Monastery">Gračanica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visoki_De%C4%8Dani" title="Visoki Dečani">Visoki Dečani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Ljevi%C5%A1" title="Our Lady of Ljeviš">Our Lady of Ljeviš</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriarchate_of_Pe%C4%87_(monastery)" title="Patriarchate of Peć (monastery)">Patriarchate of Peć</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banjska_Monastery" title="Banjska Monastery">Banjska Monastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terzijski_Bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Terzijski Bridge">Terzijski Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milo%C5%A1_Obrenovi%C4%87%27s_House" title="Miloš Obrenović's House">Miloš Obrenović's House</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Historic_Landmarks_of_Exceptional_Importance_(Serbia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Historic Landmarks of Exceptional Importance (Serbia)">Historic Landmarks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bela_Crkva_(Krupanj)" title="Bela Crkva (Krupanj)">Bela Crkva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bubanj_Memorial_Park" title="Bubanj Memorial Park">Bubanj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0umarice_Memorial_Park" title="Šumarice Memorial Park">Šumarice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stolice" title="Stolice">Stolice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mari%C4%87evi%C4%87a_jaruga" title="Marićevića jaruga">Marićevića jaruga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radovanje_Grove" title="Radovanje Grove">Radovanjski Lug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memorial_Ossuary,_Cer" title="Memorial Ossuary, Cer">Cer Memorial Ossuary</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vuk_Karad%C5%BEi%C4%87%27s_birth_house&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vuk Karadžić's birth house (page does not exist)">Vuk Karadžić's birth house</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kraljevo_Memorial_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kraljevo Memorial Park (page does not exist)">Kraljevo Memorial Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cegar" title="Čegar">Čegar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ljubi%C4%87_Memorial_Complex&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ljubić Memorial Complex (page does not exist)">Ljubić</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bo%C5%A1ko_Buha_Memorial_Complex&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boško Buha Memorial Complex (page does not exist)">Boško Buha Memorial Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chapel_of_Peace&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chapel of Peace (page does not exist)">Chapel of Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Slankamen" title="Battle of Slankamen">Site of the Battle of Slankamen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Petrovaradin" title="Battle of Petrovaradin">Vezirac Hill Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idvor_Memorial_Complex&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Idvor Memorial Complex (page does not exist)">Idvor Memorial Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zenta" title="Battle of Zenta">Site of the Battle of Senta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrmian_Front" title="Syrmian Front">Syrmian Front Memorial Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Takovski_grm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Takovski grm (page does not exist)">Takovski grm</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Spatial_Cultural-Historical_Units_of_Exceptional_Importance_(Serbia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spatial Cultural-Historical Units of Exceptional Importance (Serbia)">Spatial Cultural-Historical Units</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Knez_Mihailova_Street" title="Knez Mihailova Street">Knez Mihailova Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Te%C5%A1njar" title="Tešnjar">Tešnjar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novi_Pazar_Fortress&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Novi Pazar Fortress (page does not exist)">Novi Pazar Fortress</a> with the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stara_%C4%8Car%C5%A1ija,_Novi_Pazar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stara Čaršija, Novi Pazar (page does not exist)">Old Bazaar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Altun-Alem_Mosque" title="Altun-Alem Mosque">Altun-Alem Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gornja_Dobrinja" title="Gornja Dobrinja">Gornja Dobrinja Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Negotin_Wine_Cellars&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Negotin Wine Cellars (page does not exist)">Negotin Wine Cellars</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rajac_Wine_Cellar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rajac Wine Cellar (page does not exist)">Rajac Wine Cellar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rogljevo_Wine_Cellar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rogljevo Wine Cellar (page does not exist)">Rogljevo Wine Cellar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0tubik_Wine_Cellar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Štubik Wine Cellar (page does not exist)">Štubik Wine Cellar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirogojno" title="Sirogojno">"Staro selo" Etno Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Top%C4%8Dider" title="Topčider">Topčider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stari_Ras" title="Stari Ras">Stari Ras</a> area</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gazimestan" title="Gazimestan">Gazimestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sremski_Karlovci" title="Sremski Karlovci">Sremski Karlovci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba%C4%8D_Fortress" title="Bač Fortress">Bač Fortress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dositej%27s_Lyceum" class="mw-redirect" title="Dositej's Lyceum">Dositej's Lyceum</a> area</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fru%C5%A1ka_Gora" title="Fruška Gora">Fruška Gora</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Military_Technical_Institute_Complex&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Military Technical Institute Complex (page does not exist)">Military Technical Institute Complex</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Castles,_fortresses_and_palaces_in_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Serbia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#C19A6B;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Castles,_fortresses_and_palaces_in_Serbia" title="Template:Castles, fortresses and palaces in Serbia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Castles,_fortresses_and_palaces_in_Serbia" title="Template talk:Castles, fortresses and palaces in Serbia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Castles,_fortresses_and_palaces_in_Serbia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Castles, fortresses and palaces in Serbia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Castles,_fortresses_and_palaces_in_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Serbia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Castles, fortresses and palaces in <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#C19A6B;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Castles" class="mw-redirect" title="Castles">Castles</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Fortresses" class="mw-redirect" title="Fortresses">fortresses</a><br />& <a href="/wiki/Palaces" class="mw-redirect" title="Palaces">palaces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amid%C5%BEa_Konak" title="Amidža Konak">Amidža Konak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ani%C5%A1te" title="Anište">Anište</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atanas_(fortress)" title="Atanas (fortress)">Atanas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banovina_Palace" title="Banovina Palace">Banovina Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba%C4%8D_Fortress" title="Bač Fortress">Bač Fortress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgrade_Fortress" title="Belgrade Fortress">Belgrade Fortress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishop%27s_Palace,_Novi_Sad" title="Bishop's Palace, Novi Sad">Bishop' s Palace in Novi Sad</a></li> <li>Bishop' s Palace in Vršac</li> <li>Bisingen Nippenburg Palace in Vršac</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolvan_Fortress" title="Bolvan Fortress">Bolvan Fortress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bora%C4%8D_Fortress" title="Borač Fortress">Borač Fortress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Building_of_the_Patriarchate,_Belgrade" title="Building of the Patriarchate, Belgrade">Building of the Patriarchate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brani%C4%8Devo_Fortress" title="Braničevo Fortress">Braničevo Fortress</a></li> <li>Castle Šlos in Golubinci</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clerical_High_School_of_Saint_Arsenije" title="Clerical High School of Saint Arsenije">Clerical High School of Saint Arsenije</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dardana_Fortress" title="Dardana Fortress">Dardana Fortress</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diana_Fort" title="Diana Fort">Diana Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantast" title="Fantast">Fantast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fetislam" title="Fetislam">Fetislam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamzigrad" title="Gamzigrad">Gamzigrad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golubac_Fortress" title="Golubac Fortress">Golubac Fortress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pogragja_Fortress" title="Pogragja Fortress">Gradište</a>*</li> <li>Grand palace Danijel in Stari Lec</li> <li>Grand palace Lazarević in Veliko Središte</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harilaq_Fortress" title="Harilaq Fortress">Harilaq Fortress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jele%C4%8D" title="Jeleč">Jeleč</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerina%27s_town,_Brangovi%C4%87" title="Jerina's town, Brangović">Jerinin Grad, Brangović</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerinin_Grad,_Grabovac" title="Jerinin Grad, Grabovac">Jerinin Grad, Grabovac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapetanovo" title="Kapetanovo">Kapetanovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kovin_Fortress" title="Kovin Fortress">Kovin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koznik" title="Koznik">Koznik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kru%C5%A1evac_Fortress" title="Kruševac Fortress">Kruševac Fortress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurvingrad" title="Kurvingrad">Kurvingrad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magli%C4%8D" title="Maglič">Maglič</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manasija" title="Manasija">Manasija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Markovo_Kale" title="Markovo Kale">Markovo Kale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mile%C5%A1evac_Fortress" title="Mileševac Fortress">Mileševac Fortress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morovi%C4%87_Fortress" title="Morović Fortress">Morović Fortress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nenadovi%C4%87_Tower" class="mw-redirect" title="Nenadović Tower">Nenadović Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ni%C5%A1_Fortress" title="Niš Fortress">Niš Fortress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novi_Dvor" title="Novi Dvor">Novi Dvor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novi_Sad_City_Hall" title="Novi Sad City Hall">Novi Sad City Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novo_Brdo_Fortress" title="Novo Brdo Fortress">Novo Brdo Fortress</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostrvica_(castle)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ostrvica (castle)">Ostrvica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriarchate_Court,_Sremski_Karlovci" title="Patriarchate Court, Sremski Karlovci">Patriarchate Court in Sremski Karlovci</a></li> <li>Palace Baba Pusta in Aleksa Šantić</li> <li>Palace Bezeredi in Čelarevo</li> <li>Palace Biserno Ostrvo in Bačko Gradište</li> <li>Palace Bisingen in Vlajkovac</li> <li>Palace Bisinger in Vlajkovac</li> <li>Palace Damaskin in Hajdučica</li> <li>Palace Danijel in Konak</li> <li>Palace Dunđerski in Kulpin</li> <li><a href="/wiki/E%C4%91%C5%A1eg" title="Eđšeg">Palace Eđešeg in Novi Sad</a></li> <li>Palace Gomboš in Bečej</li> <li>Palace Hadik in Futog</li> <li>Palace Hercl in Vrbas</li> <li>Palace Hertelendi in Bočar</li> <li>Palace Ilion in Sremski Karlovci</li> <li>Palace in Gornja Rogatica</li> <li>Palace Ingus in Hajdukovo</li> <li>Palace in Karađorđevo</li> <li>Palace in Melenci</li> <li>Palace Jagodić near Konak</li> <li>Palace Jovanović in Sočica</li> <li>Palace Kapetanovo in Stari Lec</li> <li>Palace Karas in Horgoš</li> <li>Palace Kaštel in Bačka Topola</li> <li>Palace Kaštel in Panonija</li> <li>Palace Kiš in Elemir</li> <li>Palace Kovač in Riđica</li> <li>Palace Lazar in Ečka</li> <li>Palace Maldegem in Novi Kneževac</li> <li>Palace Marcibanji-Lederer in Čoka</li> <li>Palace Marcibanji in Sremska Kamenica</li> <li>Palace Nojhauzen in Srpska Crnja</li> <li>Palace of Laslo Karačonji in Novo Miloševo</li> <li>Palace of Miloš Bajić in Bočar</li> <li>Palace Redl in Rastina</li> <li>Palace Rogendorf in Banatski Dvor</li> <li>Palace Servijski-Šulpe in Novi Kneževac</li> <li>Palace Sečenji in Temerin</li> <li>Palace Sokolac in Novi Bečej</li> <li>Palace Stratimirović in Kulpin</li> <li>Palace Tabori in Vrbas</li> <li>Palace Talijan in Novi Kneževac</li> <li>Palace Zako in Bajša</li> <li>Palace Zobnatica in Bačka Topola</li> <li>Palace Špicer in Beočin</li> <li>Pančevo Fortress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrovaradin_Fortress" title="Petrovaradin Fortress">Petrovaradin Fortress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirot_Fortress" title="Pirot Fortress">Pirot Fortress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prilepac_(fortress)" title="Prilepac (fortress)">Prilepac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prizrenac_(fortress)" title="Prizrenac (fortress)">Prizrenac (fortress)</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prizren_Fortress" title="Prizren Fortress">Prizren Fortress</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prokuplje_fortress" class="mw-redirect" title="Prokuplje fortress">Prokuplje Fortress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Fortress" title="Ram Fortress">Ram Fortress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravanica" title="Ravanica">Ravanica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruthenian_Court,_%C5%A0id" title="Ruthenian Court, Šid">Ruthenian Court in Šid</a></li> <li>Small Palace Danijel in Stari Lec</li> <li>Small Palace Lazarević in Veliko Središte</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Smederevo Fortress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soko_Grad_(Ljubovija)" title="Soko Grad (Ljubovija)">Soko Grad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soko_Grad_(Sokobanja)" title="Soko Grad (Sokobanja)">Soko Grad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stala%C4%87_Fortress" title="Stalać Fortress">Stalać Fortress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stari_dvor" title="Stari dvor">Stari Dvor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stari_Grad,_U%C5%BEice" title="Stari Grad, Užice">Stari Grad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stari_Ras" title="Stari Ras">Stari Ras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trojanov_Grad" title="Trojanov Grad">Trojanov Grad</a></li> <li>Toman Villa in Vrbas</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidin_Grad" title="Vidin Grad">Vidin Grad</a></li> <li>Villa Danijel in Zrenjanin</li> <li>Villa Divan, Sajan</li> <li>Villa Elek, Zrenjanin</li> <li>Villa Engelman in Gunaroš</li> <li>Villa Ertl in Odžaci</li> <li>Villa in Kikinda</li> <li>Villa in Kula</li> <li>Villa in Palić</li> <li>Villa in Savino Selo</li> <li>Villa Lujza in Palić</li> <li>Villa Mavrokordato in Kikinda</li> <li>Villa Pece in Mali Iđoš</li> <li>Villa Pejačević in Jarkovci</li> <li>Villa Rizenfelder in Kikinda</li> <li>Villa Stanković in Čortanovci</li> <li>Villa Vamošer in Bački Monoštor</li> <li>Villa Vlaškalić, Mošorin</li> <li>Villa Šulho Vebera in Padej</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vojinovi%C4%87a_Tower" class="mw-redirect" title="Vojinovića Tower">Vojinovića Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vr%C5%A1ac_Castle" title="Vršac Castle">Vršac Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zatri%C4%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Zatrič">Zatrič</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zelen-grad" class="mw-redirect" title="Zelen-grad">Zelen-grad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zemun_Fortress" class="mw-redirect" title="Zemun Fortress">Zemun Fortress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zve%C4%8Dan_Fortress" title="Zvečan Fortress">Zvečan Fortress</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0abac_Fortress" title="Šabac Fortress">Šabac Fortress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%BDrnov" title="Žrnov">Žrnov</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dvorac_Fantast_12.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Dvorac_Fantast_12.jpg/100px-Dvorac_Fantast_12.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Dvorac_Fantast_12.jpg/150px-Dvorac_Fantast_12.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Dvorac_Fantast_12.jpg/200px-Dvorac_Fantast_12.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#C19A6B;"><div><b>See also:</b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_fortifications_in_Serbia" title="List of fortifications in Serbia">Forts and Castles in Serbia</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_palaces_and_manor_houses_in_Serbia" title="List of palaces and manor houses in Serbia">Palaces and Manor Houses in Serbia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Immovable_Cultural_Heritage_of_Exceptional_Importance_(Serbia)" title="Immovable Cultural Heritage of Exceptional Importance (Serbia)">Immovable Cultural Heritage of Serbia</a><br />* is used for castles located in the disputed territory of <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" 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