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earthquake coefficient</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: horizontal earthquake coefficient"> <meta name="keywords" content="horizontal earthquake coefficient"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="horizontal earthquake coefficient"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 3604</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: horizontal earthquake coefficient</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3604</span> The Simultaneous Effect of Horizontal and Vertical Earthquake Components on the Seismic Response of Buckling-Restrained Braced Frame</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahdi%20Shokrollahi">Mahdi Shokrollahi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Over the past years, much research has been conducted on the vulnerability of structures to earthquakes, which only horizontal components of the earthquake were considered in their seismic analysis and vertical earthquake acceleration especially in near-fault area was less considered. The investigation of the mappings shows that vertical earthquake acceleration can be significantly closer to the maximum horizontal earthquake acceleration, and even exceeds it in some cases. This study has compared the behavior of different members of three steel moment frame with a buckling-restrained brace (BRB), one time only by considering the horizontal component and again by considering simultaneously the horizontal and vertical components under the three mappings of the near-fault area and the effect of vertical acceleration on structural responses is investigated. Finally, according to the results, the vertical component of the earthquake has a greater effect on the axial force of the columns and the vertical displacement of the middle of the beams of the different classes and less on the lateral displacement of the classes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertical%20earthquake%20acceleration" title="vertical earthquake acceleration">vertical earthquake acceleration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=near-fault%20area" title=" near-fault area"> near-fault area</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steel%20frame" title=" steel frame"> steel frame</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=horizontal%20and%20vertical%20component%20of%20earthquake" title=" horizontal and vertical component of earthquake"> horizontal and vertical component of earthquake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=buckling-restrained%20brace" title=" buckling-restrained brace"> buckling-restrained brace</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91326/the-simultaneous-effect-of-horizontal-and-vertical-earthquake-components-on-the-seismic-response-of-buckling-restrained-braced-frame" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91326.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">179</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3603</span> Variation of Base Width of a Typical Concrete Gravity Dam under Different Seismic Conditions Using Static Seismic Loading</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prasanna%20Kumar%20Khaund">Prasanna Kumar Khaund</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sukanya%20Talukdar"> Sukanya Talukdar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A concrete gravity dam is a major hydraulic structure and it is very essential to consider the earthquake forces, to get a proper design base width, so that the entire weight of the dam resists the overturning moment due to earthquake and other forces. The main objective of this study is to obtain the design base width of a dam for different seismic conditions by varying the earthquake coefficients in both vertical and horizontal directions. This shall be done by equating the factor of safety against overturning, factor of safety against sliding and factor of safety against shear friction factor for a dam with their limiting values, under both tail water and no tail water condition. The shape of the Mettur dam in India is considered for the study. The study has been done taking a constant head of water at the reservoir, which is the maximum reservoir water level and a constant height of tail water. Using linear approximation method of Newton Raphson, the obtained equations against different factors of safety under different earthquake conditions are solved using a programme in C++ to get different values of base width of dam for varying earthquake conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20base%20width" title="design base width">design base width</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=horizontal%20earthquake%20coefficient" title=" horizontal earthquake coefficient"> horizontal earthquake coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tail%20water" title=" tail water"> tail water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertical%20earthquake%20coefficient" title=" vertical earthquake coefficient"> vertical earthquake coefficient</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72683/variation-of-base-width-of-a-typical-concrete-gravity-dam-under-different-seismic-conditions-using-static-seismic-loading" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72683.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">282</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3602</span> Torsional Design Method of Asymmetric and Irregular Building under Horizontal Earthquake Action</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Radhwane%20Boudjelthia">Radhwane Boudjelthia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Based upon elaborate analysis on torsional design methods of asymmetric and irregular structure under horizontal earthquake action, it points out that the main design principles of an asymmetric building subjected to horizontal earthquake are: the torsion of vertical members induced by the torsion angle of the floor (rigid diaphragm) cannot exceed the allowable value, the inter-story displacement at outermost frame or shear wall should be less than that required by design code, stresses in plane of the slab should be controlled within acceptable extent under different intensity earthquakes. That current seismic design code only utilizes the torsion displacement ratio to control the floor torsion, which seems not reasonable enough since its connotation is the multiple of the floor torsion angle and the distance of floor mass center to the edge frame or shear wall. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=earthquake" title="earthquake">earthquake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=building" title=" building"> building</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic%20forces" title=" seismic forces"> seismic forces</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=displacement" title=" displacement"> displacement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resonance" title=" resonance"> resonance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=response" title=" response"> response</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44567/torsional-design-method-of-asymmetric-and-irregular-building-under-horizontal-earthquake-action" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44567.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">347</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3601</span> Reinforced Concrete Box Girder Bridge Hinge Replacement and Horizontal and Vertical Earthquake Restrainers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kumars%20ZandParsa">Kumars ZandParsa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Quynh%20Nguyen"> Quynh Nguyen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hadi%20Moradi"> Hadi Moradi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There are old cast-in-place concrete box girder bridges in California with inter-span hinges that are designed based on old earthquake codes. Hinge removal is part of the bridges’ earthquake retrofitting project, and hinges were removed and replaced with modified hinges per new earthquake codes. The span that has a hinge is divided into short and long cantilevers in which the short cantilever supports the long cantilever. In the recent bridge hinge replacement, the length of the short and long cantilevers were 20ft and 80ft, respectively. The seat in the new design is wider than the old design, and the horizontal and vertical movements of the deck at the hinge location must be computed to check if restraints are needed. In this paper, besides considering the conventional reinforced concrete box girder bridges, the hinge removal operations, along with the response spectrum analysis based on the El Centro 1940 earthquake, will be presented to verify if vertical and horizontal restrainers are needed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hinge%20replacement" title="hinge replacement">hinge replacement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=restrainers" title=" restrainers"> restrainers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertical%20earthquake" title=" vertical earthquake"> vertical earthquake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=response%20spectrum%20analysis" title=" response spectrum analysis"> response spectrum analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156093/reinforced-concrete-box-girder-bridge-hinge-replacement-and-horizontal-and-vertical-earthquake-restrainers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156093.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">580</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3600</span> Translational and Rotational Effect of Earthquake Ground Motion on a Bridge Substructure</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tauhidur%20Rahman">Tauhidur Rahman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gitartha%20Kalita"> Gitartha Kalita</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study a four span box girder bridge is considered and effect of the rotational and translational earthquake ground motion have been thoroughly investigated. This study is motivated by the fact that in many countries the translational and rotational components of earthquake ground motion, especially rocking, is not adequately considered in analysing the overall response of the structures subjected to earthquake ground excitations. Much consideration is given to only the horizontal components of the earthquake ground motion during the response analysis of structures. In the present research work, P waves, SV waves and Rayleigh wave excitations are considered for different angle of incidence. In the present paper, the four span bridge is model considering the effects of vertical and rocking components of P, SV and Rayleigh wave excitations. Ground responses namely displacement, velocity and acceleration of the substructures of the bridge have been considered for rotational and translational effects in addition to the horizontal ground motion due to earthquake and wind. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ground%20motion" title="ground motion">ground motion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=response" title=" response"> response</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rotational%20effects" title=" rotational effects"> rotational effects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=translational%20effects" title=" translational effects"> translational effects</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26464/translational-and-rotational-effect-of-earthquake-ground-motion-on-a-bridge-substructure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26464.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">447</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3599</span> Design and Validation of an Aerodynamic Model of the Cessna Citation X Horizontal Stabilizer Using both OpenVSP and Digital Datcom</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marine%20Segui">Marine Segui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matthieu%20Mantilla"> Matthieu Mantilla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ruxandra%20Mihaela%20Botez"> Ruxandra Mihaela Botez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research is the part of a major project at the Research Laboratory in Active Controls, Avionics and Aeroservoelasticity (LARCASE) aiming to improve a Cessna Citation X aircraft cruise performance with an application of the morphing wing technology on its horizontal tail. However, the horizontal stabilizer of the Cessna Citation X turns around its span axis with an angle between -8 and 2 degrees. Within this range, the horizontal stabilizer generates certainly some unwanted drag. To cancel this drag, the LARCASE proposes to trim the aircraft with a horizontal stabilizer equipped by a morphing wing technology. This technology aims to optimize aerodynamic performances by changing the conventional horizontal tail shape during the flight. As a consequence, this technology will be able to generate enough lift on the horizontal tail to balance the aircraft without an unwanted drag generation. To conduct this project, an accurate aerodynamic model of the horizontal tail is firstly required. This aerodynamic model will finally allow precise comparison between a conventional horizontal tail and a morphed horizontal tail results. This paper presents how this aerodynamic model was designed. In this way, it shows how the 2D geometry of the horizontal tail was collected and how the unknown airfoil’s shape of the horizontal tail has been recovered. Finally, the complete horizontal tail airfoil shape was found and a comparison between aerodynamic polar of the real horizontal tail and the horizontal tail found in this paper shows a maximum difference of 0.04 on the lift or the drag coefficient which is very good. Aerodynamic polar data of the aircraft horizontal tail are obtained from the CAE Inc. level D research aircraft flight simulator of the Cessna Citation X. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerodynamic" title="aerodynamic">aerodynamic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cessna" title=" Cessna"> Cessna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=citation" title=" citation"> citation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coefficient" title=" coefficient"> coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Datcom" title=" Datcom"> Datcom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drag" title=" drag"> drag</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lift" title=" lift"> lift</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=longitudinal" title=" longitudinal"> longitudinal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=model" title=" model"> model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OpenVSP" title=" OpenVSP"> OpenVSP</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84863/design-and-validation-of-an-aerodynamic-model-of-the-cessna-citation-x-horizontal-stabilizer-using-both-openvsp-and-digital-datcom" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84863.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">373</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3598</span> Energy Efficient Construction and the Seismic Resistance of Passive Houses</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vojko%20Kilar">Vojko Kilar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Boris%20Azinovi%C4%87"> Boris Azinović</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Koren"> David Koren</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recently, an increasing trend of passive and low-energy buildings transferring form non earthquake-prone to earthquake-prone regions has thrown out the question about the seismic safety of such buildings. The paper describes the most commonly used thermal insulating materials and the special details, which could be critical from the point of view of earthquake resistance. The most critical appeared to be the cases of buildings founded on the RC foundation slab lying on a thermal insulation (TI) layer made of extruded polystyrene (XPS). It was pointed out that in such cases the seismic response of such buildings might differ to response of their fixed based counterparts. The main parameters that need special designers’ attention are: the building’s lateral top displacement, the ductility demand of the superstructure, the foundation friction coefficient demand, the maximum compressive stress in the TI layer and the percentage of the uplifted foundation. The analyses have shown that the potentially negative influences of inserting the TI under the foundation slab could be expected only for slender high-rise buildings subjected to severe earthquakes. Oppositely it was demonstrated for the foundation friction coefficient demand which could exceed the capacity value yet in the case of low-rise buildings subjected to moderate earthquakes. Some suggestions to prevent the horizontal shifts are also given. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=earthquake%20response" title="earthquake response">earthquake response</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extruded%20polystyrene%20%28XPS%29" title=" extruded polystyrene (XPS)"> extruded polystyrene (XPS)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low-energy%20buildings" title=" low-energy buildings"> low-energy buildings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foundations%20on%20thermal%20insulation%20layer" title=" foundations on thermal insulation layer"> foundations on thermal insulation layer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7157/energy-efficient-construction-and-the-seismic-resistance-of-passive-houses" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7157.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">252</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3597</span> Seismic Active Earth Pressure on Retaining Walls with Reinforced Backfill</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jagdish%20Prasad%20Sahoo">Jagdish Prasad Sahoo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The increase in active earth pressure during the event of an earthquake results sliding, overturning and tilting of earth retaining structures. In order to improve upon the stability of structures, the soil mass is often reinforced with various types of reinforcements such as metal strips, geotextiles, and geogrids etc. The stresses generated in the soil mass are transferred to the reinforcements through the interface friction between the earth and the reinforcement, which in turn reduces the lateral earth pressure on the retaining walls. Hence, the evaluation of earth pressure in the presence of seismic forces with an inclusion of reinforcements is important for the design retaining walls in the seismically active zones. In the present analysis, the effect of reinforcing horizontal layers of reinforcements in the form of sheets (Geotextiles and Geogrids) in sand used as backfill, on reducing the active earth pressure due to earthquake body forces has been studied. For carrying out the analysis, pseudo-static approach has been adopted by employing upper bound theorem of limit analysis in combination with finite elements and linear optimization. The computations have been performed with and out reinforcements for different internal friction angle of sand varying from 30 ° to 45 °. The effectiveness of the reinforcement in reducing the active earth pressure on the retaining walls is examined in terms of active earth pressure coefficient for presenting the solutions in a non-dimensional form. The active earth pressure coefficient is expressed as functions of internal friction angle of sand, interface friction angle between sand and reinforcement, soil-wall interface roughness conditions, and coefficient of horizontal seismic acceleration. It has been found that (i) there always exists a certain optimum depth of the reinforcement layers corresponding to which the value of active earth pressure coefficient becomes always the minimum, and (ii) the active earth pressure coefficient decreases significantly with an increase in length of reinforcements only up to a certain length beyond which a further increase in length hardly causes any reduction in the values active earth pressure. The optimum depth of the reinforcement layers and the required length of reinforcements corresponding to the optimum depth of reinforcements have been established. The numerical results developed in this analysis are expected to be useful for purpose of design of retaining walls. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=active" title="active">active</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20elements" title=" finite elements"> finite elements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=limit%20analysis" title=" limit analysis"> limit analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=presudo-static" title=" presudo-static"> presudo-static</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reinforcement" title=" reinforcement"> reinforcement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39227/seismic-active-earth-pressure-on-retaining-walls-with-reinforced-backfill" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39227.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">365</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3596</span> A Study on the Coefficient of Transforming Relative Lateral Displacement under Linear Analysis of Structure to Its Real Relative Lateral Displacement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abtin%20Farokhipanah">Abtin Farokhipanah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years, analysis of structures is based on ductility design in contradictory to strength design in surveying earthquake effects on structures. ASCE07-10 code offers to intensify relative drifts calculated from a linear analysis with Cd which is called (Deflection Amplification Factor) to obtain the real relative drifts which can be calculated using nonlinear analysis. This lateral drift should be limited to the code boundaries. Calculation of this amplification factor for different structures, comparing with ASCE07-10 code and offering the best coefficient are the purposes of this research. Following our target, short and tall building steel structures with various earthquake resistant systems in linear and nonlinear analysis should be surveyed, so these questions will be answered: 1. Does the Response Modification Coefficient (R) have a meaningful relation to Deflection Amplification Factor? 2. Does structure height, seismic zone, response spectrum and similar parameters have an effect on the conversion coefficient of linear analysis to real drift of structure? The procedure has used to conduct this research includes: (a) Study on earthquake resistant systems, (b) Selection of systems and modeling, (c) Analyzing modeled systems using linear and nonlinear methods, (d) Calculating conversion coefficient for each system and (e) Comparing conversion coefficients with the code offered ones and concluding results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ASCE07-10%20code" title="ASCE07-10 code">ASCE07-10 code</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deflection%20amplification%20factor" title=" deflection amplification factor"> deflection amplification factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=earthquake%20engineering" title=" earthquake engineering"> earthquake engineering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lateral%20displacement%20of%20structures" title=" lateral displacement of structures"> lateral displacement of structures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=response%20modification%20coefficient" title=" response modification coefficient"> response modification coefficient</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31424/a-study-on-the-coefficient-of-transforming-relative-lateral-displacement-under-linear-analysis-of-structure-to-its-real-relative-lateral-displacement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31424.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">354</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3595</span> Understanding Seismic Behavior of Masonry Buildings in Earthquake</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alireza%20Mirzaee">Alireza Mirzaee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soosan%20Abdollahi"> Soosan Abdollahi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Abdollahi"> Mohammad Abdollahi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Unreinforced Masonry (URM) wall is vulnerable in resisting horizontal load such as wind and seismic loading. It is due to the low tensile strength of masonry, the mortar connection between the brick units. URM structures are still widely used in the world as an infill wall and commonly constructed with door and window openings. This research aimed to investigate the behavior of URM wall with openings when horizontal load acting on it and developed load-drift relationship of the wall. The finite element (FE) method was chosen to numerically simulate the behavior of URM with openings. In this research, ABAQUS, commercially available FE software with explicit solver was employed. In order to ensure the numerical model can accurately represent the behavior of an URM wall, the model was validated for URM wall without openings using available experimental results. Load-displacement relationship of numerical model is well agreed with experimental results. Evidence shows the same load displacement curve shape obtained from the FE model. After validating the model, parametric study conducted on URM wall with openings to investigate the influence of area of openings and pre-compressive load on the horizontal load capacity of the wall. The result showed that the increasing of area of openings decreases the capacity of the wall in resisting horizontal loading. It is also well observed from the result that capacity of the wall increased with the increasing of pre-compressive load applied on the top of the walls. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=masonry%20constructions" title="masonry constructions">masonry constructions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance%20at%20earthquake" title=" performance at earthquake"> performance at earthquake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MSJC-08%20%28ASD%29" title=" MSJC-08 (ASD)"> MSJC-08 (ASD)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bearing%20wall" title=" bearing wall"> bearing wall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tie-column" title=" tie-column"> tie-column</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53817/understanding-seismic-behavior-of-masonry-buildings-in-earthquake" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53817.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">251</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3594</span> Dynamics of Understanding Earthquake Precursors-A Review</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarada%20Nivedita%20Bhuyan">Sarada Nivedita Bhuyan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Earthquake is the sudden, rapid movement of the earth’s crust and is the natural means of releasing stress. Tectonic plates play a major role for earthquakes as tectonic plates are the crust of the planet. The boundary lines of tectonic plates are usually known as fault lines. To understand an earthquake before its occurrence, different types of earthquake precursors are studied by different researchers. Surface temperature, strange cloud cover, earth’s electric field, geomagnetic phenomena, ground water level, active faults, ionospheric anomalies, tectonic movements are taken as parameters for earthquake study by different researchers. In this paper we tried to gather complete and helpful information of earthquake precursors which have been studied until now. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=earthquake%20precursors" title="earthquake precursors">earthquake precursors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=earthquake" title=" earthquake"> earthquake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tectonic%20plates" title=" tectonic plates"> tectonic plates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fault" title=" fault"> fault</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37407/dynamics-of-understanding-earthquake-precursors-a-review" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37407.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">380</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3593</span> Numerical Study of Laminar Mixed Convection Heat Transfer of a Nanofluid in a Concentric Annular Tube Using Two-Phase Mixture Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roghayyeh%20Motallebzadeh">Roghayyeh Motallebzadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahin%20Hajizadeh"> Shahin Hajizadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Reza%20Ghasemi"> Mohammad Reza Ghasemi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Laminar mixed convection heat transfer of a nanofluid with prescribed constant heat flux on the inner wall of horizontal annular tube has been studied numerically based on two-phase mixture model in different Rayleigh numbers and Azimuth angles. Effects of applying of different volume fractions of Al2O3 nanoparticles in water as a base fluid on hydrodynamic and thermal behaviours of the fluid flow such as axial velocity, secondary flow, temperature, heat transfer coefficient and friction coefficient at the inner and outer wall region, has been investigated. Conservation equations in elliptical form has been utilized and solved in three dimensions for a steady flow. It is observed that, there is a good agreement between results in this work and previously published experimental and numerical works on mixed convection in horizontal annulus. These particles cause to increase convection heat transfer coefficient of the fluid, meanwhile there is no considerable effect on friction coefficient. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=buoyancy%20force" title="buoyancy force">buoyancy force</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laminar%20mixed%20convection" title=" laminar mixed convection"> laminar mixed convection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixture%20model" title=" mixture model"> mixture model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano-fluid" title=" nano-fluid"> nano-fluid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=two-phase" title=" two-phase"> two-phase</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6099/numerical-study-of-laminar-mixed-convection-heat-transfer-of-a-nanofluid-in-a-concentric-annular-tube-using-two-phase-mixture-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6099.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">469</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3592</span> Bending Moment of Flexible Batter Pile in Sands under Horizontal Loads</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fabian%20J.%20Manoppo">Fabian J. Manoppo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dody%20M.%20J.%20Sumayouw"> Dody M. J. Sumayouw</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The bending moment of a single free head model flexible batter piles in sand under horizontal loads is investigated. The theoretical estimate of the magnitude maximum bending moment for the piles was considering a vertical rigid pile under an inclined load and using semi-empirical relations. The length of the equivalent rigid pile was based on the relative stiffness factor of the pile. Model tests were carried out using instrumented piles of wide-ranging flexibilities. The piles were buried in loose sand at batter angles of β=±150, β=±300 and were applied to incrementally increasing lateral loads. The pile capacities and the variation of bending moment along the pile shaft were measured. The new coefficient of 0.5 was proposed to estimate the bending moment of a flexible batter pile in the sand under horizontal. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=batter%20pile" title="batter pile">batter pile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bending%20moment" title=" bending moment"> bending moment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sand" title=" sand"> sand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=horizontal%20loads" title=" horizontal loads"> horizontal loads</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190372/bending-moment-of-flexible-batter-pile-in-sands-under-horizontal-loads" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190372.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">22</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3591</span> The Study of X- Bracing on Limit State Behaviour of Buckling Restrained Brace (BRB) in Steel Frames Using Pushover Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peyman%20Shadman%20Heidari">Peyman Shadman Heidari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamid%20Bastani"> Hamid Bastani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pouya%20Shadman%20Heidari"> Pouya Shadman Heidari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nowadays, using energy dampers in structures is highly considered for the dissipation and absorption of earthquake energy. The main advantage of using energy damper is absorbing the earthquake energy in some sections apart from the structure frame. Among different types of dampers, hysteresis dampers are of special place because of low cost, high reliability and the lack of mechanical parts. In this paper, a special kind of hysteresis damper is considered under the name of buckling brace, which is provided with the aim of the study and investigation of cross braces in boundary behaviour of steel frames using nonlinear static analysis. In this paper, ninety three models of steel frames with cross braces of buckling type are processed with different bays and heights and their plasticity index, behaviour coefficient, distribution type and the number of plastic hinges formed were calculated. Finally, the mean behaviour coefficient was compared with standard behaviour coefficient of 2800 and the suitable mode of braces placing in improving nonlinear behaviour and suitable distribution of plastic hinges were presented. In addition, it was determined that for some placing mode of braces the behaviour coefficient will increase to 15 times of recommended 2800 standard coefficient and in some placing modes, the braced bays will show considerable difference with suggested 2800 standard behaviour coefficient relative to each other. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=buckling%20restrained%20brace" title="buckling restrained brace">buckling restrained brace</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plasticity%20index" title=" plasticity index"> plasticity index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=behaviour%20coefficient" title=" behaviour coefficient"> behaviour coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resistance%20coefficient" title=" resistance coefficient"> resistance coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plastic%20joints" title=" plastic joints"> plastic joints</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4251/the-study-of-x-bracing-on-limit-state-behaviour-of-buckling-restrained-brace-brb-in-steel-frames-using-pushover-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4251.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">513</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3590</span> Generalized Correlation for the Condensation and Evaporation Heat Transfer Coefficients of Propane (R290), Butane (R600), R134a, and R407c in Porous Horizontal Tubes: Experimental Investigation </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Tarawneh">M. Tarawneh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work is an experimental study on the heat transfer characteristics and pressure drop of different refrigerants during the condensation and evaporation processes in porous media. Four different refrigerants (R134a, R407C, 600a, R290), with different porosities were used to reach a real understanding of the actual heat transfer characteristics and pressure drop when using porous material inside the condenser and evaporator. Steel balls were used as porous media with different porosities (38%, 43%, 48%). The main goal of this project is to enhance the heat transfer coefficient during the condensation and evaporation processes when using different refrigerants and different porosities. Different correlations for the heat transfer coefficient and the pressure drop of the different refrigerants were developed. Also a generalized empirical correlation was developed for the different refrigerants. The experimental and predicted heat transfer coefficients and pressure drops were compared. It was found that, the Absolute standard deviation for the heat transfer coefficient and the pressure drop not exceeded values of 15% and 20%, respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=condensation" title="condensation">condensation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evaporation" title=" evaporation"> evaporation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=porous%20media" title=" porous media"> porous media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=horizontal%20tubes" title=" horizontal tubes"> horizontal tubes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20transfer%20coefficient" title=" heat transfer coefficient"> heat transfer coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=propane" title=" propane"> propane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=butane" title=" butane "> butane </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18433/generalized-correlation-for-the-condensation-and-evaporation-heat-transfer-coefficients-of-propane-r290-butane-r600-r134a-and-r407c-in-porous-horizontal-tubes-experimental-investigation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18433.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">538</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3589</span> Post-Earthquake Road Damage Detection by SVM Classification from Quickbird Satellite Images</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moein%20Izadi">Moein Izadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Mohammadzadeh"> Ali Mohammadzadeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Detection of damaged parts of roads after earthquake is essential for coordinating rescuers. In this study, an approach is presented for the semi-automatic detection of damaged roads in a city using pre-event vector maps and both pre- and post-earthquake QuickBird satellite images. Damage is defined in this study as the debris of damaged buildings adjacent to the roads. Some spectral and texture features are considered for SVM classification step to detect damages. Finally, the proposed method is tested on QuickBird pan-sharpened images from the Bam City earthquake and the results show that an overall accuracy of 81% and a kappa coefficient of 0.71 are achieved for the damage detection. The obtained results indicate the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed approach. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SVM%20classifier" title="SVM classifier">SVM classifier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disaster%20management" title=" disaster management"> disaster management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20damage%20detection" title=" road damage detection"> road damage detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quickBird%20images" title=" quickBird images"> quickBird images</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26389/post-earthquake-road-damage-detection-by-svm-classification-from-quickbird-satellite-images" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26389.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">623</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3588</span> Seismic Assessment of Flat Slab and Conventional Slab System for Irregular Building Equipped with Shear Wall</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Aji%20Fajari">Muhammad Aji Fajari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ririt%20Aprilin%20Sumarsono"> Ririt Aprilin Sumarsono</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Particular instability of structural building under lateral load (e.g earthquake) will rise due to irregularity in vertical and horizontal direction as stated in SNI 03-1762-2012. The conventional slab has been considered for its less contribution in increasing the stability of the structure, except special slab system such as flat slab turned into account. In this paper, the analysis of flat slab system at Sequis Tower located in South Jakarta will be assessed its performance under earthquake. It consists of 6 floors of the basement where the flat slab system is applied. The flat slab system will be the main focus in this paper to be compared for its performance with conventional slab system under earthquake. Regarding the floor plan of Sequis Tower basement, re-entrant corner signed for this building is 43.21% which exceeded the allowable re-entrant corner is 15% as stated in ASCE 7-05 Based on that, the horizontal irregularity will be another concern for analysis, otherwise vertical irregularity does not exist for this building. Flat slab system is a system where the slabs use drop panel with shear head as their support instead of using beams. Major advantages of flat slab application are decreasing dead load of structure, removing beams so that the clear height can be maximized, and providing lateral resistance due to lateral load. Whilst, deflection at middle strip and punching shear are problems to be detail considered. Torsion usually appears when the structural member under flexure such as beam or column dimension is improper in ratio. Considering flat slab as alternative slab system will keep the collapse due to torsion down. Common seismic load resisting system applied in the building is a shear wall. Installation of shear wall will keep the structural system stronger and stiffer affecting in reduced displacement under earthquake. Eccentricity of shear wall location of this building resolved the instability due to horizontal irregularity so that the earthquake load can be absorbed. Performing linear dynamic analysis such as response spectrum and time history analysis due to earthquake load is suitable as the irregularity arise so that the performance of structure can be significantly observed. Utilization of response spectrum data for South Jakarta which PGA 0.389g is basic for the earthquake load idealization to be involved in several load combinations stated on SNI 03-1726-2012. The analysis will result in some basic seismic parameters such as period, displacement, and base shear of the system; besides the internal forces of the critical member will be presented. Predicted period of a structure under earthquake load is 0.45 second, but as different slab system applied in the analysis then the period will show a different value. Flat slab system will probably result in better performance for the displacement parameter compare to conventional slab system due to higher contribution of stiffness to the whole system of the building. In line with displacement, the deflection of the slab will result smaller for flat slab than a conventional slab. Henceforth, shear wall will be effective to strengthen the conventional slab system than flat slab system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conventional%20slab" title="conventional slab">conventional slab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flat%20slab" title=" flat slab"> flat slab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=horizontal%20irregularity" title=" horizontal irregularity"> horizontal irregularity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=response%20spectrum" title=" response spectrum"> response spectrum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20wall" title=" shear wall"> shear wall</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74915/seismic-assessment-of-flat-slab-and-conventional-slab-system-for-irregular-building-equipped-with-shear-wall" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74915.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">191</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3587</span> Adequacy of Advanced Earthquake Intensity Measures for Estimation of Damage under Seismic Excitation with Arbitrary Orientation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Konstantinos%20G.%20Kostinakis">Konstantinos G. Kostinakis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manthos%20K.%20Papadopoulos"> Manthos K. Papadopoulos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asimina%20M.%20Athanatopoulou"> Asimina M. Athanatopoulou</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An important area of research in seismic risk analysis is the evaluation of expected seismic damage of structures under a specific earthquake ground motion. Several conventional intensity measures of ground motion have been used to estimate their damage potential to structures. Yet, none of them was proved to be able to predict adequately the seismic damage of any structural system. Therefore, alternative advanced intensity measures which take into account not only ground motion characteristics but also structural information have been proposed. The adequacy of a number of advanced earthquake intensity measures in prediction of structural damage of 3D R/C buildings under seismic excitation which attacks the building with arbitrary incident angle is investigated in the present paper. To achieve this purpose, a symmetric in plan and an asymmetric 5-story R/C building are studied. The two buildings are subjected to 20 bidirectional earthquake ground motions. The two horizontal accelerograms of each ground motion are applied along horizontal orthogonal axes forming 72 different angles with the structural axes. The response is computed by non-linear time history analysis. The structural damage is expressed in terms of the maximum interstory drift as well as the overall structural damage index. The values of the aforementioned seismic damage measures determined for incident angle 0° as well as their maximum values over all seismic incident angles are correlated with 9 structure-specific ground motion intensity measures. The research identified certain intensity measures which exhibited strong correlation with the seismic damage of the two buildings. However, their adequacy for estimation of the structural damage depends on the response parameter adopted. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the widely used spectral acceleration at the fundamental period of the structure is a good indicator of the expected earthquake damage level. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=damage%20indices" title="damage indices">damage indices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-linear%20response" title=" non-linear response"> non-linear response</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic%20excitation%20angle" title=" seismic excitation angle"> seismic excitation angle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structure-specific%20intensity%20measures" title=" structure-specific intensity measures"> structure-specific intensity measures</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7746/adequacy-of-advanced-earthquake-intensity-measures-for-estimation-of-damage-under-seismic-excitation-with-arbitrary-orientation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7746.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">493</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3586</span> Behavior of the Masonry Infill in Structures Subjected to the Horizontal Loads</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mezigheche%20Nawel">Mezigheche Nawel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gouasmia%20Abdelhacine"> Gouasmia Abdelhacine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Athmani%20Allaeddine"> Athmani Allaeddine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Merzoud%20Mouloud"> Merzoud Mouloud</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Masonry infill walls are inevitable in the self-supporting structures, but their contribution in the resistance of earthquake loads is generally neglected in the structural analyses. The principal aim of this work through a numerical study of the behavior of masonry infill walls in structures subjected to horizontal load is to propose by finite elements numerical modeling, a more reliable approach, faster and close to reality. In this study, 3D finite element analysis was developed to study the behavior of masonry infill walls in structures subjected to horizontal load: The finite element software being used was ABAQUS, it is observed that more rigidity of the masonry filling is significant, more the structure is rigid, so we can conclude that the filling brings an additional rigidity to the structure not to be neglected. It is also observed that when the framework is subjected to horizontal loads, the framework separates from the filling on the level of the tended diagonal. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element" title="finite element">finite element</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=masonry%20infill%20walls" title=" masonry infill walls"> masonry infill walls</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rigidity%20of%20the%20masonry" title=" rigidity of the masonry"> rigidity of the masonry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tended%20diagonal" title=" tended diagonal"> tended diagonal</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30454/behavior-of-the-masonry-infill-in-structures-subjected-to-the-horizontal-loads" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30454.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">491</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3585</span> Seismic Microzonation Analysis for Damage Mapping of the 2006 Yogyakarta Earthquake, Indonesia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fathul%20Mubin">Fathul Mubin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Budi%20E.%20Nurcahya"> Budi E. Nurcahya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In 2006, a large earthquake ever occurred in the province of Yogyakarta, which caused considerable damage. This is the basis need to investigate the seismic vulnerability index in around of the earthquake zone. This research is called microzonation of earthquake hazard. This research has been conducted at the site and surrounding of Prambanan Temple, includes homes and civil buildings. The reason this research needs to be done because in the event of an earthquake in 2006, there was damage to the temples at Prambanan temple complex and its surroundings. In this research, data collection carried out for 60 minutes using three component seismograph measurements at 165 points with spacing of 1000 meters. The data recorded in time function were analyzed using the spectral ratio method, known as the Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR). Results from this analysis are dominant frequency (Fg) and maximum amplification factor (Ag) are used to obtain seismic vulnerability index. The results of research showed the dominant frequency range from 0.5 to 30 Hz and the amplification is in interval from 0.5 to 9. Interval value for seismic vulnerability index is 0.1 to 50. Based on distribution maps of seismic vulnerability index and impact of buildings damage seemed for suitability. For further research, it needs to survey to the east (klaten) and south (Bantul, DIY) to determine a full distribution maps of seismic vulnerability index. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amplification%20factor" title="amplification factor">amplification factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dominant%20frequency" title=" dominant frequency"> dominant frequency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microzonation%20analysis" title=" microzonation analysis"> microzonation analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic%20vulnerability%20index" title=" seismic vulnerability index"> seismic vulnerability index</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85181/seismic-microzonation-analysis-for-damage-mapping-of-the-2006-yogyakarta-earthquake-indonesia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85181.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">194</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3584</span> A Brief Overview of Seven Churches in Van Province</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eylem%20G%C3%BCzel">Eylem Güzel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soner%20Guler"> Soner Guler</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mustafa%20Gulen"> Mustafa Gulen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Van province which has a very rich historical heritage is located in eastern part of Turkey, between Lake Van and the Iranian border. Many civilizations prevailing in Van until today have built up many historical structures such as castles, mosques, churches, bridges, baths, etc. In 2011, a devastating earthquake with magnitude 7.2 Mw, epicenter in Tabanlı Village, occurred in Van, where a large part of the city locates in the first-degree earthquake zone. As a result of this earthquake, 644 people were killed; a lot of reinforced, unreinforced and historical structures were badly damaged. Many historical structures damaged due to this earthquake have been restored. In this study, the damages observed in Seven churches (Yedi Kilise) after 2011 Van earthquake is evaluated with regard to architecture and civil engineering perspective. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=earthquake" title="earthquake">earthquake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=historical%20structures" title=" historical structures"> historical structures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Van%20province" title=" Van province"> Van province</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=church" title=" church"> church</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21338/a-brief-overview-of-seven-churches-in-van-province" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21338.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">545</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3583</span> Experimental Investigation on the Effect of Adding CuO Nanoparticles to R-600a Refrigerant on Heat Transfer Enhancement of a Horizontal Flattened Tube</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20A.%20Akhavan-Behabadi">M. A. Akhavan-Behabadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Najafi"> M. Najafi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Abbasi"> A. Abbasi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An empirical investigation was performed in order to study the heat transfer characteristics of R600a flow boiling inside horizontal flattened tubes and the simultaneous effect of nanoparticles on boiling heat transfer in flattened channel. Round copper tubes of 8.7 mm I.D. were deformed into flattened shapes with different inside heights of 6.9, 5.5, and 3.4 mm as test areas. The effect of different parameters such as mass flux, vapor quality and inside height on heat transfer coefficient was studied. Flattening the tube caused significant enhancement in heat transfer performance so that the maximum augmentation ratio of 163% was obtained in flattened channel with lowest internal height. A new correlation was developed based on the present experimental data to predict the heat transfer coefficient in flattened tubes. This correlation estimated 90% of the entire database within ±20%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano%20particles" title="nano particles">nano particles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flattend%20tube" title=" flattend tube"> flattend tube</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R600a" title=" R600a"> R600a</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CuO" title=" CuO"> CuO</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16640/experimental-investigation-on-the-effect-of-adding-cuo-nanoparticles-to-r-600a-refrigerant-on-heat-transfer-enhancement-of-a-horizontal-flattened-tube" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16640.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">325</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3582</span> Evaluation of Particle Settling in Flow Chamber</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdulrahman%20Alenezi">Abdulrahman Alenezi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Stefan"> B. Stefan </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Abstract— The investigation of fluids containing particles or filaments includes a category of complex fluids and is vital in both theory and application. The forecast of particle behaviors plays a significant role in the existing technology as well as future technology. This paper focuses on the prediction of the particle behavior through the investigation of the particle disentrainment from a pipe on a horizontal air stream. This allows for examining the influence of the particle physical properties on its behavior when falling on horizontal air stream. This investigation was conducted on a device located at the University of Greenwich's Medway Campus. Two materials were selected to carry out this study: Salt and Glass Beads particles. The shape of the Slat particles is cubic where the shape of the Glass Beads is almost spherical. The outcome from the experimental work were presented in terms of distance travelled by the particles according to their diameters as After that, the particles sizes were measured using Laser Diffraction device and used to determine the drag coefficient and the settling velocity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flow%20experiment" title="flow experiment">flow experiment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drag%20coefficient" title=" drag coefficient"> drag coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Particle%20Settling" title=" Particle Settling"> Particle Settling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Flow%20Chamber" title=" Flow Chamber"> Flow Chamber</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123455/evaluation-of-particle-settling-in-flow-chamber" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123455.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">136</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3581</span> Attribute Index and Classification Method of Earthquake Damage Photographs of Engineering Structure</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ming%20Lu">Ming Lu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaojun%20Li"> Xiaojun Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bodi%20Lu"> Bodi Lu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juehui%20Xing"> Juehui Xing</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Earthquake damage phenomenon of each large earthquake gives comprehensive and profound real test to the dynamic performance and failure mechanism of different engineering structures. Cognitive engineering structure characteristics through seismic damage phenomenon are often far superior to expensive shaking table experiments. After the earthquake, people will record a variety of different types of engineering damage photos. However, a large number of earthquake damage photographs lack sufficient information and reduce their using value. To improve the research value and the use efficiency of engineering seismic damage photographs, this paper objects to explore and show seismic damage background information, which includes the earthquake magnitude, earthquake intensity, and the damaged structure characteristics. From the research requirement in earthquake engineering field, the authors use the 2008 China Wenchuan M8.0 earthquake photographs, and provide four kinds of attribute indexes and classification, which are seismic information, structure types, earthquake damage parts and disaster causation factors. The final object is to set up an engineering structural seismic damage database based on these four attribute indicators and classification, and eventually build a website providing seismic damage photographs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attribute%20index" title="attribute index">attribute index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=classification%20method" title=" classification method"> classification method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=earthquake%20damage%20picture" title=" earthquake damage picture"> earthquake damage picture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=engineering%20structure" title=" engineering structure"> engineering structure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66126/attribute-index-and-classification-method-of-earthquake-damage-photographs-of-engineering-structure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66126.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">765</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3580</span> Seismic Analysis of Adjacent Buildings Connected with Dampers </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Devyani%20D.%20Samarth">Devyani D. Samarth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sachin%20V.%20Bakre"> Sachin V. Bakre</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ratnesh%20Kumar"> Ratnesh Kumar </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work deals with two buildings adjacent to each other connected with dampers. The “Imperial Valley Earthquake - El Centro", "May 18, 1940 earthquake time history is used for dynamic analysis of the system in the time domain. The effectiveness of fluid joint dampers is then investigated in terms of the reduction of displacement, acceleration and base shear responses of adjacent buildings. Finally, an extensive parametric study is carried out to find optimum damper properties like stiffness (Kd) and damping coefficient (Cd) for adjacent buildings. Results show that using fluid dampers to connect the adjacent buildings of different fundamental frequencies can effectively reduce earthquake-induced responses of either building if damper optimum properties are selected. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20dissipation%20devices" title="energy dissipation devices">energy dissipation devices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time%20history%20analysis" title=" time history analysis"> time history analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=viscous%20damper" title=" viscous damper"> viscous damper</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimum%20parameters" title=" optimum parameters"> optimum parameters</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10751/seismic-analysis-of-adjacent-buildings-connected-with-dampers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10751.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">493</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3579</span> The Effect of an Infill on the Bearing Capacity and Stiffness of Infilled Frames</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Goran%20%20Baloevic">Goran Baloevic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jure%20Radnic"> Jure Radnic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nikola%20Grgic"> Nikola Grgic</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The application of frames with masonry or panel infill is common in the engineering practice. In these cases, a frame is often considered to be a primary structure, while an infill is considered to be a secondary structure. In past calculations, the infill was rarely included in the design of frame structures in terms of their bearing capacity and safety. Recent calculations of such structures necessarily include the effect of infill since it contributes to stiffness and bearing capacity of overall system, especially under horizontal loads. In certain cases, if the infill is not included in the seismic design of frame structures, the result can be lower design safety. However, since the different configuration of the infill through the building’s height can be made, it is possible that contribution of such infill to the overall bearing capacity can be lower and seismic forces on the building can be increased due to greater stiffness of the structure. So far, many experimental and numerical researches on the behavior of infilled frames under horizontal static forces and earthquake have been performed. In this paper, several masonry-infilled concrete and steel frames under horizontal static forces and earthquake are analysed. The experimental results by shake-table and numerical results are compared in terms of the bearing capacity of bare and infilled frames. Herein, the stiffness of frames and infill were varied, with different position of the infill and different types of openings. Cases with positive and negative effects of the infill to the bearing capacity of the frames were considered. Finally, main conclusions and recommendations for practical application and design of masonry-infilled concrete and steel frames are given. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bearing%20capacity" title="bearing capacity">bearing capacity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infilled%20frame" title=" infilled frame"> infilled frame</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20model" title=" numerical model"> numerical model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shake%20table" title=" shake table"> shake table</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66473/the-effect-of-an-infill-on-the-bearing-capacity-and-stiffness-of-infilled-frames" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66473.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">464</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3578</span> Structural Analysis of Archaeoseismic Records Linked to the 5 July 408 - 410 AD Utica Strong Earthquake (NE Tunisia)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noureddine%20Ben%20Ayed">Noureddine Ben Ayed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelkader%20Soumaya"> Abdelkader Soumaya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sa%C3%AFd%20Maouche"> Saïd Maouche</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Kadri"> Ali Kadri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mongi%20Gueddiche"> Mongi Gueddiche</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hayet%20Khayati-Ammar"> Hayet Khayati-Ammar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Braham"> Ahmed Braham</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The archaeological monument of Utica, located in north-eastern Tunisia, was founded (8th century BC) By the Phoenicians as a port installed on the trade route connecting Phoenicia and the Straits of Gibraltar in the Mediterranean Sea. The flourishment of this city as an important settlement during the Roman period was followed by a sudden abandonment, disuse and progressive oblivion in the first half of the fifth century AD. This decadence can be attributed to the destructive earthquake of 5 July 408 - 410 AD, affecting this historic city as documented in 1906 by the seismologist Fernand De Montessus De Ballore. The magnitude of the Utica earthquake was estimated at 6.8 by the Tunisian National Institute of Meteorology (INM). In order to highlight the damage caused by this earthquake, a field survey was carried out at the Utica ruins to detect and analyse the earthquake archaeological effects (EAEs) using structural geology methods. This approach allowed us to highlight several structural damages, including: (1) folded mortar pavements, (2) cracks affecting the mosaic and walls of a water basin in the "House of the Grand Oecus", (3) displaced columns, (4) block extrusion in masonry walls, (5) undulations in mosaic pavements, (6) tilted walls. The structural analysis of these EAEs and data measurements reveal a seismic cause for all evidence of deformation in the Utica monument. The maximum horizontal strain of the ground (e.g. SHmax) inferred from the building oriented damage in Utica shows a NNW-SSE direction under a compressive tectonic regime. For the seismogenic source of this earthquake, we propose the active E-W to NE-SW trending Utique - Ghar El Melh reverse fault, passing through the Utica Monument and extending towards the Ghar El Melh Lake, as the causative tectonic structure. The active fault trace is well supported by instrumental seismicity, geophysical data (e.g., gravity, seismic profiles) and geomorphological analyses. In summary, we find that the archaeoseismic records detected at Utica are similar to those observed at many other archaeological sites affected by destructive ancient earthquakes around the world. Furthermore, the calculated orientation of the average maximum horizontal stress (SHmax) closely match the state of the actual stress field, as highlighted by some earthquake focal mechanisms in this region. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=utica" title=" utica"> utica</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seimogenic%20fault" title=" seimogenic fault"> seimogenic fault</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=archaeological%20earthquake%20effects" title=" archaeological earthquake effects"> archaeological earthquake effects</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185951/structural-analysis-of-archaeoseismic-records-linked-to-the-5-july-408-410-ad-utica-strong-earthquake-ne-tunisia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185951.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">45</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3577</span> Investigation of Soil Slopes Stability</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nima%20Farshidfar">Nima Farshidfar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Navid%20Daryasafar"> Navid Daryasafar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, the seismic stability of reinforced soil slopes is studied using pseudo-dynamic analysis. Equilibrium equations that are applicable to the every kind of failure surface are written using Horizontal Slices Method. In written equations, the balance of the vertical and horizontal forces and moment equilibrium is fully satisfied. Failure surface is assumed to be log-spiral, and non-linear equilibrium equations obtained for the system are solved using Newton-Raphson Method. Earthquake effects are applied as horizontal and vertical pseudo-static coefficients to the problem. To solve this problem, a code was developed in MATLAB, and the critical failure surface is calculated using genetic algorithm. At the end, comparing the results obtained in this paper, effects of various parameters and the effect of using pseudo - dynamic analysis in seismic forces modeling is presented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20slopes" title="soil slopes">soil slopes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pseudo-dynamic" title=" pseudo-dynamic"> pseudo-dynamic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genetic%20algorithm" title=" genetic algorithm"> genetic algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=limit%20equilibrium%20method" title=" limit equilibrium method"> limit equilibrium method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=log-spiral%20failure%20surface" title=" log-spiral failure surface"> log-spiral failure surface</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14189/investigation-of-soil-slopes-stability" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14189.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">339</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3576</span> Experiential Learning in an Earthquake Engineering Course Using Online Tools and Shake Table Exercises</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andres%20Winston%20Oreta">Andres Winston Oreta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Experiential Learning (ELE) is a strategy for enhancing the teaching and learning of courses especially in civil engineering. This paper presents the adaption of the ELE framework in the delivery of various course requirements in an earthquake engineering course. Examples of how ELE is integrated using online tools and hands-on laboratory technology to address the course learning outcomes on earthquake engineering are presented. Student feedback shows that ELE using online tools and technology strengthens students’ understanding and intuition of seismic design and earthquake engineering concepts. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=earthquake%20engineering" title="earthquake engineering">earthquake engineering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=experiential%20learning" title=" experiential learning"> experiential learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shake%20table" title=" shake table"> shake table</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=online" title=" online"> online</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internet" title=" internet"> internet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=civil%20engineering" title=" civil engineering"> civil engineering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/189318/experiential-learning-in-an-earthquake-engineering-course-using-online-tools-and-shake-table-exercises" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/189318.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">22</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3575</span> A New Low Cost Seismic Response Controlling Structures with Semi Base Isolation Devices</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Ezati%20Kooshki">M. Ezati Kooshki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Abbaszadeh%20Shahri"> A. Abbaszadeh Shahri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A number of devices used to control seismic structures have been developed during the past decades. One of the effective ways to reduce seismic forces transmitted to the buildings is through the base isolation systems, but the use of these devices is currently limited to large and expensive buildings. This study was an attempt to introduce an effective and low cost way to protect of structures against grand motions by a semi base isolation system. In this new way, structures were not completely decoupled of bases and the natural frequency of structures was changed due to earthquake by changing the horizontal stiffness; therefore, ground excitation energy was dissipated before entering the structures. For analyzing the dynamic behavior, the new method used finite element software (ABAQUS 6-10-1). This investigation introduced a new package of semi base isolation devices with a new material constitutive, but common in automobile industries, seeking to evaluate the effects of additional new devices on the seismic response when compared with structures without additional devises for different ground motions. The proposed semi base isolation devices were applied to a one story frame and the time history analysis was conducted on the record of Kobe earthquake (1995). The results showed that the efficiency reduced the floor acceleration and displacement, as well as velocity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=semi%20base%20isolation%20system" title="semi base isolation system">semi base isolation system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element" title=" finite element"> finite element</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20frequency" title=" natural frequency"> natural frequency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=horizontal%20stiffness" title=" horizontal stiffness"> horizontal stiffness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33528/a-new-low-cost-seismic-response-controlling-structures-with-semi-base-isolation-devices" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33528.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">395</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=horizontal%20earthquake%20coefficient&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=horizontal%20earthquake%20coefficient&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=horizontal%20earthquake%20coefficient&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=horizontal%20earthquake%20coefficient&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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