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<span>Interpretations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interpretations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Urban_legends_and_incidents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Urban_legends_and_incidents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Urban legends and incidents</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Urban_legends_and_incidents-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Urban legends and incidents subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Urban_legends_and_incidents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_clown_sightings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_clown_sightings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>The clown sightings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_clown_sightings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Response_to_evil_clowns_in_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Response_to_evil_clowns_in_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Response to evil clowns in media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Response_to_evil_clowns_in_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Depictions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Depictions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Depictions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Depictions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span 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Available in 18 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-18" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">18 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%AC_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="مهرج شرير – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مهرج شرير" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pallasso_mal%C3%A8fic" title="Pallasso malèfic – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pallasso malèfic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ond_klovn" title="Ond klovn – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ond klovn" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B6ser_Clown" title="Böser Clown – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Böser Clown" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Payaso_malvado" title="Payaso malvado – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Payaso malvado" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malica_kla%C5%ADno" title="Malica klaŭno – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Malica klaŭno" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clown_mal%C3%A9fique" title="Clown maléfique – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Clown maléfique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B4%91%EB%8C%80%EA%B3%B5%ED%8F%AC%EC%A6%9D" title="광대공포증 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="광대공포증" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badut_jahat" title="Badut jahat – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Badut jahat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagliaccio_malefico" title="Pagliaccio malefico – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pagliaccio malefico" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%97%D7%99%D7%93%D7%99%D7%9D" title="ליצנים מפחידים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ליצנים מפחידים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horrorclown" title="Horrorclown – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Horrorclown" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palha%C3%A7o_do_mal" title="Palhaço do mal – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Palhaço do mal" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Злой клоун – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Злой клоун" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paha_klovni" title="Paha klovni – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Paha klovni" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ond_clown" title="Ond clown – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ond clown" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%82%AA%E6%83%A1%E5%B0%8F%E4%B8%91" title="邪惡小丑 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="邪惡小丑" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E4%B8%91%E6%81%90%E6%83%A7%E7%97%87" title="小丑恐惧症 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="小丑恐惧症" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2979768#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> 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i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the landmark outdoor sign in New Jersey, see <a href="/wiki/Evil_Clown_of_Middletown" title="Evil Clown of Middletown">Evil Clown of Middletown</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Killer clown" redirects here. For the serial killer known by that nickname, see <a href="/wiki/John_Wayne_Gacy" title="John Wayne Gacy">John Wayne Gacy</a>. For the wrestler, see <a href="/wiki/Los_Psycho_Circus" title="Los Psycho Circus">Los Psycho Circus</a>. For the 1988 film, see <a href="/wiki/Killer_Klowns_from_Outer_Space" title="Killer Klowns from Outer Space"><i>Killer Klowns from Outer Space</i></a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Scary_Clowns_at_PDC2008_Party_at_Universal_Studios_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Scary_Clowns_at_PDC2008_Party_at_Universal_Studios_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Scary_Clowns_at_PDC2008_Party_at_Universal_Studios_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Scary_Clowns_at_PDC2008_Party_at_Universal_Studios_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Scary_Clowns_at_PDC2008_Party_at_Universal_Studios_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Scary_Clowns_at_PDC2008_Party_at_Universal_Studios_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Scary_Clowns_at_PDC2008_Party_at_Universal_Studios_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2609" data-file-height="2568" /></a><figcaption>A group of people in evil clown costumes at a <a href="/wiki/PDC_2008" class="mw-redirect" title="PDC 2008">PDC 2008</a> party at <a href="/wiki/Universal_Studios_Hollywood" title="Universal Studios Hollywood">Universal Studios</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>evil clown</b>, also known as the <b>creepy clown</b>, <b>scary clown</b> or <b>killer clown</b> (if their character revolves around <a href="/wiki/Murder" title="Murder">murder</a>), is a subversion of the traditional comic <a href="/wiki/Clown" title="Clown">clown</a> character, in which the playful trope is instead depicted in a more disturbing nature through the use of <a href="/wiki/Horror_and_terror" title="Horror and terror">horror</a> elements and <a href="/wiki/Dark_humor" class="mw-redirect" title="Dark humor">dark humor</a>. The modern archetype of the evil clown was popularized by the <a href="/wiki/DC_Comics" title="DC Comics">DC Comics</a> <a href="/wiki/Supervillain" title="Supervillain">supervillain</a> <a href="/wiki/Joker_(character)" title="Joker (character)">Joker</a> starting in 1940, and again in 1980s by <a href="/wiki/It_(character)" title="It (character)">Pennywise</a> from <a href="/wiki/Stephen_King" title="Stephen King">Stephen King</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/It_(novel)" title="It (novel)">It</a></i>. The character can be seen as playing on the sense of unease felt by sufferers of coulrophobia, the <a href="/wiki/Phobia" title="Phobia">fear</a> of clowns. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origins">Origins</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evil_clown&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Enrico_Caruso_As_Canio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Enrico_Caruso_As_Canio.jpg/170px-Enrico_Caruso_As_Canio.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Enrico_Caruso_As_Canio.jpg/255px-Enrico_Caruso_As_Canio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/Enrico_Caruso_As_Canio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="266" data-file-height="418" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Enrico_Caruso" title="Enrico Caruso">Enrico Caruso</a> as the murderous Canio in <i><a href="/wiki/Pagliacci" title="Pagliacci">Pagliacci</a></i></figcaption></figure> <p>The modern archetype of the evil clown has unclear origins; the stock character appeared infrequently during the 19th century, in such works as <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Allan_Poe" title="Edgar Allan Poe">Edgar Allan Poe</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/Hop-Frog" title="Hop-Frog">Hop-Frog</a>",<sup id="cite_ref-hopfrog_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hopfrog-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is believed by Jack Morgan, of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Missouri-Rolla" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Missouri-Rolla">University of Missouri-Rolla</a>, to draw upon an <a href="/wiki/Bal_des_Ardents" title="Bal des Ardents">earlier incident</a> "at a masquerade ball", in the 14th century, during which "the King and his frivolous party, costumed—in highly flammable materials—as simian creatures, were ignited by a flambeau and incinerated, the King narrowly escaping in the actual case."<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Evil clowns also occupied a small niche in drama, appearing in the 1874 work <i>La femme de Tabarin</i> by Catulle Mendès and in <a href="/wiki/Ruggero_Leoncavallo" title="Ruggero Leoncavallo">Ruggero Leoncavallo</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Pagliacci" title="Pagliacci">Pagliacci</a></i> (accused of being a plagiarism of Mendès' piece), both works featuring murderous clowns as central characters.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> American <a href="/wiki/Serial_killer" title="Serial killer">serial killer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rape" title="Rape">rapist</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Wayne_Gacy" title="John Wayne Gacy">John Wayne Gacy</a> became known as the <i>Killer Clown</i> when arrested in 1978, after it was discovered he had performed as Pogo the Clown at children's parties and other events; however, Gacy did not actually commit his crimes while wearing his clown costume.<sup id="cite_ref-gacy_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gacy-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the 1980s, the <i><a href="/wiki/National_Lampoon_(magazine)" title="National Lampoon (magazine)">National Lampoon</a></i> published a series of mock comic books in the pages of the magazine, entitled "Evil Clown", which featured a malevolent character named <a href="/wiki/Frenchy_the_Clown" title="Frenchy the Clown">Frenchy the Clown</a>. </p><p>Evil clown themes were occasionally found in popular music. <a href="/wiki/Zal_Cleminson" title="Zal Cleminson">Zal Cleminson</a>, guitarist with the English rock band <a href="/wiki/The_Sensational_Alex_Harvey_Band" title="The Sensational Alex Harvey Band">The Sensational Alex Harvey Band</a>, wore black and white clown-style makeup and colorful clothes while on stage during the band's 1970s heyday, while his "happy-sad-happy" demeanor helped give their performances an edge of menace.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The evil clown archetype plays strongly off the sense of dislike it caused to inherent elements of coulrophobia; however, it has been suggested by Joseph Durwin<sup id="cite_ref-trickster_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trickster-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that the concept of evil clowns has an independent position in popular culture, arguing that "the concept of evil clowns and the widespread hostility it induces is a cultural phenomenon which transcends just the phobia alone". A study by the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Sheffield" title="University of Sheffield">University of Sheffield</a> concluded "that clowns are universally disliked by children. Some found them quite frightening and unknowable."<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Why_scary_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Why_scary-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This may be because of the nature of clowns' makeup hiding their faces, making them potential threats in disguise; as a psychology professor at <a href="/wiki/California_State_University,_Northridge" title="California State University, Northridge">California State University, Northridge</a> stated, young children are "very reactive to a familiar body type with an unfamiliar face".<sup id="cite_ref-trinity_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trinity-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This natural dislike of clowns makes them effective in a literary or fictional context, as the antagonistic threat perceived in clowns is desirable in a villainous character. </p><p>Researcher <a href="/wiki/Ben_Radford" class="mw-redirect" title="Ben Radford">Ben Radford</a>, who published <i>Bad Clowns</i><sup id="cite_ref-Bad_Clowns_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bad_Clowns-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 2016 and is regarded as an expert on the phenomenon,<sup id="cite_ref-kob4_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kob4-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> writes that looking throughout history clowns are seen as tricksters, fools, and more; however, they always are in control, speak their minds, and can get away with doing so. When writing the book <i>Bad Clowns</i>, Radford found that professional clowns are not generally fond of the bad-clown (or evil-clown) persona. They see them as "the rotten apple in the barrel, whose ugly sight and smell casts suspicion on the rest of them," and do not wish to encourage or propagate coulrophobia. Yet, as Radford discovered, bad clowns have existed throughout history: <a href="/wiki/Harlequin" title="Harlequin">Harlequin</a>, the King's fool, and Mr. Punch. Radford argues that bad clowns have the "ability to change with the times" and that modern bad clowns have evolved into Internet trolls. They may not wear clown costume but, nevertheless, engage with people for their own amusement, abuse, tease and speak what they think of as the "truth" much like the court jester and "dip clowns" do using "human foibles" against their victims. Radford states that, although bad clowns permeate the media in movies, TV, music, comics, and more, the "good clowns" outnumber the bad ones. Research shows that most people do not fear clowns but actually love them and that bad clowns are "the exception, not the rule."<sup id="cite_ref-Bad_Clowns_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bad_Clowns-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Interpretations">Interpretations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evil_clown&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Interpretations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Fear of clowns" redirects here. For the 2004 film, see <a href="/wiki/Fear_of_Clowns" title="Fear of Clowns"><i>Fear of Clowns</i></a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Evil_Clown.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/The_Evil_Clown.jpg/220px-The_Evil_Clown.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/The_Evil_Clown.jpg/330px-The_Evil_Clown.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/The_Evil_Clown.jpg/440px-The_Evil_Clown.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1632" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>A man in evil clown costume in 2007</figcaption></figure> <p>The concept of the evil clown is related to the irrational fear of clowns, known as <b>coulrophobia</b>, a <a href="/wiki/Neologism" title="Neologism">neologism</a> coined in the context of informal "<a href="/wiki/List_of_phobias" title="List of phobias"><i>-phobia</i> lists</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The cultural critic <a href="/wiki/Mark_Dery" title="Mark Dery">Mark Dery</a> has theorized the <a href="/wiki/Postmodern" class="mw-redirect" title="Postmodern">postmodern</a> <a href="/wiki/Archetype" title="Archetype">archetype</a> of the evil clown in "Cotton Candy Autopsy: Deconstructing Psycho-Killer Clowns" (a chapter in his cultural critique <i>The Pyrotechnic Insanitarium: American Culture on the Brink</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-insanitarium_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-insanitarium-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tracking the image of the demented or deviant clown across <a href="/wiki/Popular_culture" title="Popular culture">popular culture</a>, Dery analyzes the "Pogo the Clown" persona of the <a href="/wiki/Serial_killer" title="Serial killer">serial killer</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Wayne_Gacy" title="John Wayne Gacy">John Wayne Gacy</a>; the obscene clowns of the neo-<a href="/wiki/Situationist_International" title="Situationist International">situationist</a> <a href="/wiki/Cacophony_Society" title="Cacophony Society">Cacophony Society</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Joker_(character)" title="Joker (character)">Joker</a> (of <i><a href="/wiki/Batman" title="Batman">Batman</a></i> fame); the grotesque art of R.K. Sloane; the sick-funny <a href="/wiki/Bobcat_Goldthwait" title="Bobcat Goldthwait">Bobcat Goldthwait</a> comedy <i><a href="/wiki/Shakes_the_Clown" title="Shakes the Clown">Shakes the Clown</a></i>; <i><a href="/wiki/Scooby-Doo" title="Scooby-Doo">Scooby-Doo</a>'</i>s Ghost Clown from the episode "Bedlam in the Big Top"; Horny the Clown in the 2007 horror-comedy movie <i><a href="/wiki/Drive-Thru_(film)" title="Drive-Thru (film)">Drive-Thru</a></i>, and <a href="/wiki/It_(character)" title="It (character)">Pennywise</a> from <a href="/wiki/Stephen_King" title="Stephen King">Stephen King</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/It_(novel)" title="It (novel)">It</a></i>. </p><p>Using <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Bakhtin" title="Mikhail Bakhtin">Mikhail Bakhtin</a>'s theory of the carnivalesque, <a href="/wiki/Analytical_Psychology" class="mw-redirect" title="Analytical Psychology">Jungian</a> and historical writings on the images of the fool in myth and history, and ruminations on the mingling of ecstasy and dread in the <a href="/wiki/Information_Age" title="Information Age">Information Age</a>, Dery asserts the evil clown is an icon of our times. Clowns are often depicted as murderous <a href="/wiki/Psychopath" class="mw-redirect" title="Psychopath">psychopaths</a> at many American <a href="/wiki/Haunted_attraction_(simulated)" title="Haunted attraction (simulated)">haunted houses</a>. </p><p>Wolfgang M. Zucker points out the similarities between a clown's appearance and the cultural depictions of demons and other infernal creatures, noting "[the clown's] chalk-white face in which the eyes almost disappear, while the mouth is enlarged to a ghoulish bigness, looks like the mask of death".<sup id="cite_ref-wolfgang_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wolfgang-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to psychology professor Joseph Durwin at <a href="/wiki/California_State_University,_Northridge" title="California State University, Northridge">California State University, Northridge</a>, young children are "very reactive to a familiar body type with an unfamiliar face".<sup id="cite_ref-trinity_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trinity-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Researchers who have studied the phobia believe there is some correlation to the <a href="/wiki/Uncanny_valley" title="Uncanny valley">uncanny valley</a> effect.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, clown behavior is often "transgressive" (<a href="/wiki/Anti-social_behavior" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-social behavior">anti-social behavior</a>) which can create feelings of unease.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A 2022 survey of 987 adults from 64 countries found that 54% of respondents reported experiencing some degree of coulrophobia.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Urban_legends_and_incidents">Urban legends and incidents</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evil_clown&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Urban legends and incidents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_clown_sightings">The clown sightings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evil_clown&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: The clown sightings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/2016_clown_sightings" title="2016 clown sightings">2016 clown sightings</a></div> <p>The related <a href="/wiki/Urban_legend" title="Urban legend">urban legend</a> of evil clown sightings in real life is known as "phantom clowns".<sup id="cite_ref-eul_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eul-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> First reported in 1981 in <a href="/wiki/Brookline,_Massachusetts" title="Brookline, Massachusetts">Brookline, Massachusetts</a>, children said that men dressed up as clowns had attempted to lure them into a van.<sup id="cite_ref-media_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-media-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The panic spread throughout the US in the <a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwest</a> and <a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States" title="Northeastern United States">Northeast</a>. It resurfaced in 1985 in <a href="/wiki/Phoenix,_Arizona" title="Phoenix, Arizona">Phoenix, Arizona</a>; in 1991 in <a href="/wiki/West_Orange,_New_Jersey" title="West Orange, New Jersey">West Orange, New Jersey</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-deseret_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-deseret-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 1990 in <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, through a story reported by the Brazilian <a href="/wiki/Tabloid_journalism" title="Tabloid journalism">tabloid</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Not%C3%ADcias_Populares" title="Notícias Populares">Notícias Populares</a></i>;<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 1995 in <a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras">Honduras</a>. Later sightings included Chicago in Illinois in 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-media_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-media-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Explanations for the phenomenon have ranged from <a href="/wiki/Stephen_King" title="Stephen King">Stephen King</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/It_(novel)" title="It (novel)">It</a></i> and the crimes of serial killer <a href="/wiki/John_Wayne_Gacy" title="John Wayne Gacy">John Wayne Gacy</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-eul_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eul-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to a <a href="/wiki/Moral_panic" title="Moral panic">moral panic</a> influenced by contemporaneous fears of <a href="/wiki/Satanic_ritual_abuse" class="mw-redirect" title="Satanic ritual abuse">Satanic ritual abuse</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-media_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-media-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also shows similarities to the story of the <a href="/wiki/Pied_Piper_of_Hamelin" title="Pied Piper of Hamelin">Pied Piper of Hamelin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-deseret_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-deseret-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In most cases the reports were made by children, and no adults or police officers were able to confirm the sightings.<sup id="cite_ref-media_20-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-media-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2013, a character who became known as "the <a href="/wiki/Northampton" title="Northampton">Northampton</a> Clown" was repeatedly sighted standing silently around the English town. The work of three local filmmakers, Alex Powell, Elliot Simpson and Luke Ubanski, the Northampton clown was similar in appearance to Pennywise from Stephen King's <i>It</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although rumors said that the clown may have a knife, the clown himself denied these rumors through social media.<sup id="cite_ref-England_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-England-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 2014, Matteo Moroni from Perugia, Italy, owner of YouTube channel <a href="/wiki/DM_Pranks" title="DM Pranks">DM Pranks</a>, began dressing up as a killer clown and terrifying unsuspecting passers-by, with his videos racking up hundreds of millions of views.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2014, further complaints of evil clown pranksters were reported in France, the United States and Germany, possibly inspired by <i><a href="/wiki/American_Horror_Story:_Freak_Show" title="American Horror Story: Freak Show">American Horror Story: Freak Show</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2014, "the <a href="/wiki/Wasco,_California" title="Wasco, California">Wasco</a> clown" attracted social media attention in California. Again this clown shared a similar resemblance to Pennywise, and it was revealed that the social media postings were part of a year-long photography project conducted by the artist's wife.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Bakersfield,_California" title="Bakersfield, California">Bakersfield, California</a> "menacing" clowns were reported, some with weapons.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July 2015, a "creepy" clown was seen around a local cemetery in Chicago and terrorizing anyone in the graveyard.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There was another burst of such <a href="/wiki/2016_clown_sightings" title="2016 clown sightings">sightings in 2016</a>, including in South Carolina and New York.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Researcher <a href="/wiki/Ben_Radford" class="mw-redirect" title="Ben Radford">Ben Radford</a> writes that there have been many surges of evil clown sightings reported, Radford says it is most likely pranksters. The <a href="/wiki/Urban_legend" title="Urban legend">urban legends</a> and panic can cause real danger as "face-painted pranksters and innocent bystanders may be at risk" by interaction of well-intended public or police thinking a threat exists when it does not.<sup id="cite_ref-Radford_2017_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Radford_2017-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Response_to_evil_clowns_in_media">Response to evil clowns in media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evil_clown&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Response to evil clowns in media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2014, <a href="/wiki/Clowns_of_America_International" title="Clowns of America International">Clowns of America International</a> responded to the depiction of Twisty on <i><a href="/wiki/American_Horror_Story" title="American Horror Story">American Horror Story</a></i>, and evil clowns in media generally. President Glenn Kohlberger said, "Hollywood makes money sensationalizing the norm. They can take any situation no matter how good or pure and turn it into a nightmare. ... We do not support in any way, shape or form any medium that sensationalizes or adds to coulrophobia or 'clown fear.<span style="padding-right:.15em;">'</span>"<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Depictions">Depictions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evil_clown&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Depictions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:Horror_films_about_clowns" title="Category:Horror films about clowns">Category:Horror films about clowns</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Joker_(character)" title="Joker (character)">Joker</a> character in the <i><a href="/wiki/Batman_(comic_book)" title="Batman (comic book)">Batman</a></i> franchise was introduced in 1940 and has developed into one of the most recognizable and iconic fictional characters in popular culture, leading <i><a href="/wiki/Wizard_(magazine)" title="Wizard (magazine)">Wizard</a></i> magazine's "100 Greatest Villains of All Time" ranking in 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The contemporary "evil clown" archetype developed in the 1980s, notably popularized by <a href="/wiki/It_(character)" title="It (character)">Pennywise</a> from <a href="/wiki/Stephen_King" title="Stephen King">Stephen King</a>'s <a href="/wiki/It_(novel)" title="It (novel)"><i>It</i></a>, and perhaps influenced by <a href="/wiki/John_Wayne_Gacy" title="John Wayne Gacy">John Wayne Gacy</a>, a serial killer dubbed the <i>Killer Clown</i> in 1978. <i><a href="/wiki/Killer_Klowns_from_Outer_Space" title="Killer Klowns from Outer Space">Killer Klowns from Outer Space</a></i> is a 1988 horror comedy dedicated to the topic.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although <a href="/wiki/Krusty_the_Clown" title="Krusty the Clown">Krusty the Clown</a>, a cartoon character introduced 1989 in the animated sitcom <i><a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons" title="The Simpsons">The Simpsons</a></i>, is a comical, non-scary clown, the character reveals darker aspects in his personality. In <i>The Simpsons</i> episode "<a href="/wiki/Lisa%27s_First_Word" title="Lisa's First Word">Lisa's First Word</a>" (1992), children's fear of clowns features in the form of a very young Bart being traumatized by an inexpertly built Krusty the Clown themed bed, repeatedly uttering the phrase "can't sleep, clown will eat me...." The phrase inspired an <a href="/wiki/Alice_Cooper" title="Alice Cooper">Alice Cooper</a> song in the album <i><a href="/wiki/Dragontown" title="Dragontown">Dragontown</a></i> (2001)<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and became a popular catchphrase.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Evil clowns are also mentioned in a popular song by P!nk.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The American rap duo <a href="/wiki/Insane_Clown_Posse" title="Insane Clown Posse">Insane Clown Posse</a> have exploited this theme since 1989 and have inspired <a href="/wiki/Twiztid" title="Twiztid">Twiztid</a> and similar acts, many on <a href="/wiki/Psychopathic_Records" title="Psychopathic Records">Psychopathic Records</a>, to do likewise. Websites dedicated to evil clowns and the fear of clowns appeared in the late 1990s.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Joker_(character)" title="Joker (character)">Joker</a>, the nemesis of <a href="/wiki/Batman" title="Batman">Batman</a>, whose key features are chalk-white skin, emerald-green hair, ruby-red lips and (in some iterations) a perpetual smile, sometimes a permanent <a href="/wiki/Risus_sardonicus" title="Risus sardonicus">sardonic grin</a> or a <a href="/wiki/Glasgow_smile" title="Glasgow smile">Glasgow smile</a>, depending on the adaption of the character.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is commonly depicted as a criminal mastermind, as well as a sadistic and murderous <a href="/wiki/Psychopath" class="mw-redirect" title="Psychopath">psychopath</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The character is also known by several nicknames, including "the Clown Prince of Crime".<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The 1982 film <i><a href="/wiki/Poltergeist_(1982_film)" title="Poltergeist (1982 film)">Poltergeist</a></i>, directed by <a href="/wiki/Tobe_Hooper" title="Tobe Hooper">Tobe Hooper</a> and produced by <a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a>, along with the <a href="/wiki/Poltergeist_(2015_film)" title="Poltergeist (2015 film)">2015 remake of the same name</a> directed by <a href="/wiki/Gil_Kenan" title="Gil Kenan">Gil Kenan</a>, feature a possessed clown doll.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/It_(character)" title="It (character)">Pennywise the Dancing Clown</a>, the main antagonist in <a href="/wiki/Stephen_King" title="Stephen King">Stephen King</a>'s 1986 horror novel <i><a href="/wiki/It_(novel)" title="It (novel)">It</a></i> and its adaptations. Pennywise was portrayed in the <a href="/wiki/It_(miniseries)" title="It (miniseries)">1990 television miniseries version</a> by <a href="/wiki/Tim_Curry" title="Tim Curry">Tim Curry</a> and by <a href="/wiki/Bill_Skarsg%C3%A5rd" title="Bill Skarsgård">Bill Skarsgård</a> in the <a href="/wiki/It_(2017_film)" title="It (2017 film)">2017 film adaptation</a> and its <a href="/wiki/It_Chapter_Two" title="It Chapter Two">2019 sequel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-it_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-it-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The 1988 film <i><a href="/wiki/Killer_Klowns_from_Outer_Space" title="Killer Klowns from Outer Space">Killer Klowns from Outer Space</a></i>, directed by <a href="/wiki/The_Chiodo_Brothers" title="The Chiodo Brothers">the Chiodo Brothers</a>, features extraterrestrial evil clowns as the story's antagonists.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The 1989 film <i><a href="/wiki/Clownhouse" title="Clownhouse">Clownhouse</a></i>, written and directed by <a href="/wiki/Victor_Salva" title="Victor Salva">Victor Salva</a>, concerns brothers who are attacked in their own home by escaped mental patients dressed as clowns.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The most famous professional wrestling depiction of an evil clown was <a href="/wiki/Doink_the_Clown" title="Doink the Clown">Doink the Clown</a>, a persona originated in 1992 by professional wrestler <a href="/wiki/Matt_Osborne" class="mw-redirect" title="Matt Osborne">Matt Osborne</a> in the <a href="/wiki/WWE" title="WWE">World Wrestling Federation</a>. Originally, the gimmick was that of a sadistic, evil clown, playing cruel tricks on fans and wrestlers to amuse himself and put them off guard; to help gain heat for the character, he was placed in a storyline feud with <a href="/wiki/Brian_Adams_(wrestler)" title="Brian Adams (wrestler)">Crush</a>, wherein Doink, after faking an injury, sneak-attacked Crush with a loaded prosthetic arm.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The evil clown gimmick would be dropped later in 1993 as he turned face.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violator_(comics)" title="Violator (comics)">Violator</a>, a supervillain demon appearing in the <i><a href="/wiki/Spawn_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spawn (comics)">Spawn</a></i> comic books published by <a href="/wiki/Image_Comics" title="Image Comics">Image Comics</a>, is commonly depicted in the form of "Clown", a balding, overweight man with blue facepaint.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweet_Tooth_(Twisted_Metal)" title="Sweet Tooth (Twisted Metal)">Sweet Tooth</a>, a character in the <i><a href="/wiki/Twisted_Metal" title="Twisted Metal">Twisted Metal</a></i> video game series.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sweet Tooth the Clown from <i>Twisted Metal</i> (2012) is a man wearing a psychotic clown mask with a flaming head and carrying a large machete. He drives a weaponised ice-cream van with the same clown face on the roof.</li> <li>Jack the Clown, an icon of the <a href="/wiki/Halloween_Horror_Nights" class="mw-redirect" title="Halloween Horror Nights">Halloween Horror Nights</a> event celebrated at <a href="/wiki/Universal_Studios_Florida" title="Universal Studios Florida">Universal Studios Florida</a>, <a href="/wiki/Universal_Studios_Hollywood" title="Universal Studios Hollywood">Universal Studios Hollywood</a>, <a href="/wiki/Universal_Studios_Singapore" title="Universal Studios Singapore">Universal Studios Singapore</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Universal_Studios_Japan" title="Universal Studios Japan">Universal Studios Japan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The 2009 <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> comedy programme <i><a href="/wiki/Psychoville" title="Psychoville">Psychoville</a></i> features a protagonist named Mr Jelly, "[a]n embittered hook-handed clown and children's entertainer."<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The horror film series <i><a href="/wiki/Killjoy_(film_series)" title="Killjoy (film series)">Killjoy</a></i> features a demonic killer clown as its main antagonist.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In the 2012 <a href="/wiki/Anthology_film" title="Anthology film">anthology</a> horror film <i><a href="/wiki/Scary_or_Die" title="Scary or Die">Scary or Die</a></i>, a drug dealer is bitten by a clown at a birthday party, and he begins to transform into a cannibalistic clown himself.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The 2012 film <i><a href="/wiki/Stitches_(2012_film)" title="Stitches (2012 film)">Stitches</a></i> features a murderous birthday clown, portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Ross_Noble" title="Ross Noble">Ross Noble</a>, who is resurrected from the dead in order to enact revenge upon the children who contributed to his death.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The 2013 horror film <i><a href="/wiki/All_Hallows%27_Eve_(2013_film)" title="All Hallows' Eve (2013 film)">All Hallows' Eve</a></i>, the 2016 film <i><a href="/wiki/Terrifier" title="Terrifier">Terrifier</a></i> and its subsequent sequels feature a homicidal clown named <a href="/wiki/Art_the_Clown" title="Art the Clown">Art the Clown</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The FX horror anthology series <i><a href="/wiki/American_Horror_Story" title="American Horror Story">American Horror Story</a></i> used two instances of evil clowns: The first being Twisty the Clown from the fourth season <i><a href="/wiki/American_Horror_Story:_Freak_Show" title="American Horror Story: Freak Show">Freak Show</a></i>, who made a cameo appearance in <i><a href="/wiki/American_Horror_Story:_Cult" title="American Horror Story: Cult">Cult</a></i> where the season's antagonist created a murderous clown cult to orchestrate his rise to political power.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The 2014 film <i>Theatre of Fear</i>, directed by <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jones_(filmmaker)" title="Andrew Jones (filmmaker)">Andrew Jones</a>, features a murderous clown character played by <a href="/wiki/Nathan_Head" title="Nathan Head">Nathan Head</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The 2014 horror film <i><a href="/wiki/Clown_(film)" title="Clown (film)">Clown</a></i>, directed by <a href="/wiki/Jon_Watts" title="Jon Watts">Jon Watts</a> and produced by <a href="/wiki/Eli_Roth" title="Eli Roth">Eli Roth</a>, follows a man who, upon finding and wearing a clown suit, becomes trapped in the cursed skin of an ancient <a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_folklore" class="mw-redirect" title="Scandinavian folklore">Nordic demon</a> known as the "Clöyne".<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The 2021 film <i><a href="/wiki/Behind_the_Sightings" title="Behind the Sightings">Behind the Sightings</a></i> was inspired by the viral <a href="/wiki/2016_clown_sightings" title="2016 clown sightings">clown sightings of 2016</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evil_clown&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hallween_Tumble_2012_Scary_Clown_Face.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Scary clown in Hallween Tumble 2012"><img alt="Scary clown in Hallween Tumble 2012" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Hallween_Tumble_2012_Scary_Clown_Face.JPG/90px-Hallween_Tumble_2012_Scary_Clown_Face.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Hallween_Tumble_2012_Scary_Clown_Face.JPG/135px-Hallween_Tumble_2012_Scary_Clown_Face.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Hallween_Tumble_2012_Scary_Clown_Face.JPG/180px-Hallween_Tumble_2012_Scary_Clown_Face.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Scary clown in Hallween Tumble 2012</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Scary_Clown_Zombie_-_Flickr_-_SoulStealer.co.uk.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Zombie clown at World Zombie Day, London 2011."><img alt="Zombie clown at World Zombie Day, London 2011." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Scary_Clown_Zombie_-_Flickr_-_SoulStealer.co.uk.jpg/95px-Scary_Clown_Zombie_-_Flickr_-_SoulStealer.co.uk.jpg" decoding="async" width="95" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Scary_Clown_Zombie_-_Flickr_-_SoulStealer.co.uk.jpg/142px-Scary_Clown_Zombie_-_Flickr_-_SoulStealer.co.uk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Scary_Clown_Zombie_-_Flickr_-_SoulStealer.co.uk.jpg/190px-Scary_Clown_Zombie_-_Flickr_-_SoulStealer.co.uk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3744" data-file-height="4726" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Zombie clown at World Zombie Day, London 2011.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Evil_clown_-_red_umbrella.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Creepy clown with umbrella"><img alt="Creepy clown with umbrella" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Evil_clown_-_red_umbrella.jpg/80px-Evil_clown_-_red_umbrella.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Evil_clown_-_red_umbrella.jpg/120px-Evil_clown_-_red_umbrella.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Evil_clown_-_red_umbrella.jpg/160px-Evil_clown_-_red_umbrella.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="5472" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Creepy clown with umbrella</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Evil_clown_Santa_Claus.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Evil clown Santa Claus"><img alt="Evil clown Santa Claus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Evil_clown_Santa_Claus.jpg/88px-Evil_clown_Santa_Claus.jpg" decoding="async" width="88" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Evil_clown_Santa_Claus.jpg/132px-Evil_clown_Santa_Claus.jpg 1.5x, 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/WW_Chicago_2013_-_Pennywise_%289518419949%29.jpg/135px-WW_Chicago_2013_-_Pennywise_%289518419949%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/WW_Chicago_2013_-_Pennywise_%289518419949%29.jpg/180px-WW_Chicago_2013_-_Pennywise_%289518419949%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1228" data-file-height="1635" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A cosplayer in <a href="/wiki/It_(character)" title="It (character)">Pennywise</a> (miniseries) costume at the 2013 Wizard World Chicago</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2019-07-06_10-07-56_ILCE-6500_DSC09837_DxO_(48472993641).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A cosplayer in Pennywise costume at the Japan Expo 2019"><img alt="A cosplayer in Pennywise costume at the Japan Expo 2019" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/2019-07-06_10-07-56_ILCE-6500_DSC09837_DxO_%2848472993641%29.jpg/79px-2019-07-06_10-07-56_ILCE-6500_DSC09837_DxO_%2848472993641%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="79" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/2019-07-06_10-07-56_ILCE-6500_DSC09837_DxO_%2848472993641%29.jpg/119px-2019-07-06_10-07-56_ILCE-6500_DSC09837_DxO_%2848472993641%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/2019-07-06_10-07-56_ILCE-6500_DSC09837_DxO_%2848472993641%29.jpg/159px-2019-07-06_10-07-56_ILCE-6500_DSC09837_DxO_%2848472993641%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3942" data-file-height="5962" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A cosplayer in Pennywise costume at the Japan Expo 2019</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Festival_del_mito_CD2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A man dressed as evil clown at Myth Festival, held at the Santa Alegría Sports Center"><img alt="A man dressed as evil clown at Myth Festival, held at the Santa Alegría Sports Center" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Festival_del_mito_CD2.jpg/120px-Festival_del_mito_CD2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Festival_del_mito_CD2.jpg/180px-Festival_del_mito_CD2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Festival_del_mito_CD2.jpg/240px-Festival_del_mito_CD2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1023" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A man dressed as evil clown at Myth Festival, held at the Santa Alegría Sports Center</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2015_Richmond_Zombie_Walk_Time_Lapse_Stills_(22459344371).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Evil clown in 2015 Richmond Zombie Walk Time Lapse Stills"><img alt="Evil clown in 2015 Richmond Zombie Walk Time Lapse Stills" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/2015_Richmond_Zombie_Walk_Time_Lapse_Stills_%2822459344371%29.jpg/120px-2015_Richmond_Zombie_Walk_Time_Lapse_Stills_%2822459344371%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/2015_Richmond_Zombie_Walk_Time_Lapse_Stills_%2822459344371%29.jpg/180px-2015_Richmond_Zombie_Walk_Time_Lapse_Stills_%2822459344371%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/2015_Richmond_Zombie_Walk_Time_Lapse_Stills_%2822459344371%29.jpg/240px-2015_Richmond_Zombie_Walk_Time_Lapse_Stills_%2822459344371%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Evil clown in 2015 Richmond Zombie Walk Time Lapse Stills</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evil_clown&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Motley" title="Motley">Motley</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evil_clown&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-hopfrog-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hopfrog_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Hop-Frog" class="extiw" title="s:Hop-Frog">Poe, Edgar Allan, "Hop-Frog" (1849)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMorgan2002" class="citation book cs1">Morgan, Jack (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yk-0SmCIZ_kC"><i>The biology of horror: gothic literature and film</i></a>. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">41–</span>42. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0809324712" title="Special:BookSources/978-0809324712"><bdi>978-0809324712</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+biology+of+horror%3A+gothic+literature+and+film&rft.place=Carbondale&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E41-%3C%2Fspan%3E42&rft.pub=Southern+Illinois+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0809324712&rft.aulast=Morgan&rft.aufirst=Jack&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dyk-0SmCIZ_kC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvil+clown" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMendès1904" class="citation book cs1">Mendès, Catulle (1904). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pUcESQAACAAJ"><i>La femme de Tabarin: Tragi-parade</i></a>. Librairie Charpentier et Fasquelle. pp. <span class="nowrap">1–</span>34.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+femme+de+Tabarin%3A+Tragi-parade&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E34&rft.pub=Librairie+Charpentier+et+Fasquelle&rft.date=1904&rft.aulast=Mend%C3%A8s&rft.aufirst=Catulle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpUcESQAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvil+clown" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDryden2007" class="citation book cs1">Dryden, Konrad (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/leoncavallo00domi"><i>Leoncavallo: Life and Works</i></a>. Plymouth, UK: The Scarecrow Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-5880-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-5880-0"><bdi>978-0-8108-5880-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Leoncavallo%3A+Life+and+Works&rft.place=Plymouth%2C+UK&rft.pub=The+Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-5880-0&rft.aulast=Dryden&rft.aufirst=Konrad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fleoncavallo00domi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvil+clown" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gacy-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gacy_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSullivanMaiken2000" class="citation book cs1">Sullivan, Terry; Maiken, Peter T. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=u71s2gNZqJoC"><i>Killer Clown: The John Wayne Gacy Murders</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>: <a href="/wiki/Kensington_Books#Imprints" class="mw-redirect" title="Kensington Books">Pinnacle</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7860-1422-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-7860-1422-9"><bdi>0-7860-1422-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/156783287">156783287</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Killer+Clown%3A+The+John+Wayne+Gacy+Murders&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pub=Pinnacle&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F156783287&rft.isbn=0-7860-1422-9&rft.aulast=Sullivan&rft.aufirst=Terry&rft.au=Maiken%2C+Peter+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Du71s2gNZqJoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvil+clown" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thomas M. Kitts and Nick Baxter-Moore (eds.) The Routledge Companion to Popular Music and Humor, Chapter 6. 2019, Routledge <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781351266628" title="Special:BookSources/9781351266628">9781351266628</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-trickster-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-trickster_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDurwin2004" class="citation journal cs1">Durwin, Joseph (15 November 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digitalcommons.trinity.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1080&context=trickstersway&sei-redir=1">"Coulrophobia and the Trickster"</a>. <i>Trickster's Way</i>. <b>3</b> (1). San Antonio: Trinity University. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1538-9030">1538-9030</a>. Article 4<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Trickster%27s+Way&rft.atitle=Coulrophobia+and+the+Trickster&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.date=2004-11-15&rft.issn=1538-9030&rft.aulast=Durwin&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdigitalcommons.trinity.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D1080%26context%3Dtrickstersway%26sei-redir%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvil+clown" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/7189401.stm">"Health | Hospital clown images 'too scary'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. 15 January 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Health+%26%23124%3B+Hospital+clown+images+%27too+scary%27&rft.date=2008-01-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fhealth%2F7189401.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvil+clown" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Why_scary-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Why_scary_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRohrer2008" class="citation news cs1">Rohrer, Finlo (16 January 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/7191721.stm">"Why are clowns scary?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Why+are+clowns+scary%3F&rft.date=2008-01-16&rft.aulast=Rohrer&rft.aufirst=Finlo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fmagazine%2F7191721.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvil+clown" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-trinity-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-trinity_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-trinity_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDurwin" class="citation web cs1">Durwin, Joseph. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110624001158/http://www.trinity.edu/org/tricksters/trixway/current/Vol%203/Vol3_1/Durwin.htm">"Coulrophobia & The Trickster"</a>. Trinity.edu. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.trinity.edu/org/tricksters/trixway/current/Vol%203/Vol3_1/Durwin.htm">the original</a> on 24 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Coulrophobia+%26+The+Trickster&rft.pub=Trinity.edu&rft.aulast=Durwin&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.trinity.edu%2Forg%2Ftricksters%2Ftrixway%2Fcurrent%2FVol%25203%2FVol3_1%2FDurwin.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvil+clown" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bad_Clowns-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bad_Clowns_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bad_Clowns_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRadford2016" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ben_Radford" class="mw-redirect" title="Ben Radford">Radford, Ben</a> (2016). <i>Bad Clowns</i>. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8263-5666-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8263-5666-6"><bdi>978-0-8263-5666-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bad+Clowns&rft.place=Albuquerque&rft.pub=University+of+New+Mexico+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0-8263-5666-6&rft.aulast=Radford&rft.aufirst=Ben&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvil+clown" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kob4-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-kob4_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShone" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ben_Radford" class="mw-redirect" title="Ben Radford">Shone, Colton</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161018190315/http://www.kob.com/albuquerque-news/recent-scary-clown-trend-nothing-new-expert-benjamin-radford-bad-clowns-author-book-creepy/4291893/?cat=500">"Recent scary clown trend nothing new, expert said"</a>. <i>KOB 4</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kob.com/albuquerque-news/recent-scary-clown-trend-nothing-new-expert-benjamin-radford-bad-clowns-author-book-creepy/4291893/?cat=500">the original</a> on 18 October 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=KOB+4&rft.atitle=Recent+scary+clown+trend+nothing+new%2C+expert+said&rft.aulast=Shone&rft.aufirst=Colton&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kob.com%2Falbuquerque-news%2Frecent-scary-clown-trend-nothing-new-expert-benjamin-radford-bad-clowns-author-book-creepy%2F4291893%2F%3Fcat%3D500&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvil+clown" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The term is listed by the <i><a href="/wiki/Online_Etymology_Dictionary" title="Online Etymology Dictionary">Online Etymology Dictionary</a></i> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarper" class="citation web cs1">Harper, Douglas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.etymonline.com/?term=coulrophobia">"coulrophobia"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Online_Etymology_Dictionary" title="Online Etymology Dictionary">Online Etymology Dictionary</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft.atitle=coulrophobia&rft.aulast=Harper&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2F%3Fterm%3Dcoulrophobia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvil+clown" class="Z3988"></span>) with the caveat that it "looks suspiciously like the sort of thing idle pseudo-intellectuals invent on the Internet and which every smarty-pants takes up thereafter". The prefix <i>coulro-</i> is "said to be built from Greek <i>kolon</i> 'limb,' with some supposed sense of 'stilt-walker,' hence 'clown<span style="padding-right:.15em;">'</span>" (i.e. Greek <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">κωλοβαθριστής</span></span> <i>kolobathristes</i> "stilt-walker"). Probably coined no earlier than the late 1980s but no later than the 1990s, the term "has been coined more on the Internet than in printed form because it does not appear in any previously published, psychiatric, unabridged, or abridged dictionary." (Robertson 2003:62) The <i>Oxford Dictionary of English</i> adopted the term in 2010, also deriving it from <i>kolobatheron</i> "stilt" (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStevenson2010" class="citation cs2">Stevenson, Angus, ed. (2010), "coulrophobia noun", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordreference.com/views/ENTRY.html?subview=Main&entry=t140.e0183900"><i>Oxford Dictionary of English</i></a> (online ed.), Oxford University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-957112-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-957112-3"><bdi>978-0-19-957112-3</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 March</span> 2011</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=coulrophobia+noun&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+English&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-19-957112-3&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordreference.com%2Fviews%2FENTRY.html%3Fsubview%3DMain%26entry%3Dt140.e0183900&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvil+clown" class="Z3988"></span>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-insanitarium-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-insanitarium_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDery1999" class="citation book cs1">Dery, Mark (1999). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780802136701"><i>The Pyrotechnic Insanitarium: American Culture on the Brink</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a>: <a href="/wiki/Grove_Press" title="Grove Press">Grove Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8021-3670-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-8021-3670-2"><bdi>0-8021-3670-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Pyrotechnic+Insanitarium%3A+American+Culture+on+the+Brink&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Grove+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-8021-3670-2&rft.aulast=Dery&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780802136701&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvil+clown" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wolfgang-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wolfgang_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZucker1967" class="citation journal cs1">Zucker, Wolfgang M. (1967). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ttj.sagepub.com/content/24/3/306.short">"The Clown as the Lord of Disorder"</a>. <i>Theology Today, October 1967</i>. <b>24</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">306–</span>317. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F004057366702400306">10.1177/004057366702400306</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Theology+Today%2C+October+1967&rft.atitle=The+Clown+as+the+Lord+of+Disorder&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E306-%3C%2Fspan%3E317&rft.date=1967&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F004057366702400306&rft.aulast=Zucker&rft.aufirst=Wolfgang+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fttj.sagepub.com%2Fcontent%2F24%2F3%2F306.short&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvil+clown" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHanna2018" class="citation web cs1">Hanna, Rania (27 May 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brainworldmagazine.com/exploring-the-uncanny-valley/">"Exploring the Uncanny Valley » Brain World"</a>. <i>Brain World</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Brain+World&rft.atitle=Exploring+the+Uncanny+Valley+%C2%BB+Brain+World&rft.date=2018-05-27&rft.aulast=Hanna&rft.aufirst=Rania&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbrainworldmagazine.com%2Fexploring-the-uncanny-valley%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvil+clown" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2013/08/06/209494071/fear-of-clowns-yes-its-real">"Fear of Clowns: Yes, It's Real"</a>. <i>npr.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=npr.org&rft.atitle=Fear+of+Clowns%3A+Yes%2C+It%27s+Real&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2013%2F08%2F06%2F209494071%2Ffear-of-clowns-yes-its-real&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvil+clown" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeingartner2023" class="citation web cs1">Heingartner, Douglas (2 February 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.psychnewsdaily.com/coulrophobia-fear-of-clowns-study/">"New Study Into Coulrophobia (the Fear Of Clowns) Suggests Its Main Causes Are Unpredictability And Media Exposure"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+Study+Into+Coulrophobia+%28the+Fear+Of+Clowns%29+Suggests+Its+Main+Causes+Are+Unpredictability+And+Media+Exposure&rft.date=2023-02-02&rft.aulast=Heingartner&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.psychnewsdaily.com%2Fcoulrophobia-fear-of-clowns-study%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvil+clown" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-eul-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-eul_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eul_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrunvand2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jan_Harold_Brunvand" title="Jan Harold Brunvand">Brunvand, Jan Harold</a> (2002). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofur00janh_0"><i>Encyclopedia of Urban Legends</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/W._W._Norton_%26_Company" title="W. W. Norton & Company">W. W. Norton & Company</a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofur00janh_0/page/313">313</a>–315. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780393323580" title="Special:BookSources/9780393323580"><bdi>9780393323580</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Urban+Legends&rft.pages=313-315&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9780393323580&rft.aulast=Brunvand&rft.aufirst=Jan+Harold&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fencyclopediaofur00janh_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvil+clown" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-media-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-media_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-media_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-media_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-media_20-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBartholomewRadford2011" class="citation book cs1">Bartholomew, Robert E.; <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Radford" title="Benjamin Radford">Radford, Benjamin</a> (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uyik93izNqEC&pg=PA105"><i>The Martians Have Landed!: A History of Media-Driven Panics and Hoaxes (Google eBook)</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/McFarland_%26_Company" title="McFarland & Company">McFarland & Company</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">105–</span>109. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780786486717" title="Special:BookSources/9780786486717"><bdi>9780786486717</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Martians+Have+Landed%21%3A+A+History+of+Media-Driven+Panics+and+Hoaxes+%28Google+eBook%29&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E105-%3C%2Fspan%3E109&rft.pub=McFarland+%26+Company&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9780786486717&rft.aulast=Bartholomew&rft.aufirst=Robert+E.&rft.au=Radford%2C+Benjamin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Duyik93izNqEC%26pg%3DPA105&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvil+clown" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-deseret-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-deseret_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-deseret_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrunvand1991" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jan_Harold_Brunvand" title="Jan Harold Brunvand">Brunvand, Jan Harold</a> (9 August 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151102020142/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/177088/SOMEONE-KEEPS-SENDING-IN-THE-PHANTOM-CLOWNS.html">"SOMEONE KEEPS SENDING IN THE PHANTOM CLOWNS"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Deseret_News" title="Deseret News">Deseret News</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.deseretnews.com/article/177088/SOMEONE-KEEPS-SENDING-IN-THE-PHANTOM-CLOWNS.html">the original</a> on 2 November 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Deseret+News&rft.atitle=SOMEONE+KEEPS+SENDING+IN+THE+PHANTOM+CLOWNS&rft.date=1991-08-09&rft.aulast=Brunvand&rft.aufirst=Jan+Harold&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.deseretnews.com%2Farticle%2F177088%2FSOMEONE-KEEPS-SENDING-IN-THE-PHANTOM-CLOWNS.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvil+clown" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.portaldoholanda.com.br/lendas-urbanas/palhaco-da-kombi-aterrorizou-criancas-e-adultos-nos-anos-90">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Palhaço da Kombi' aterrorizou crianças e adultos nos anos 90"</a>. <i>Portal do Holanda</i> (in Brazilian Portuguese). 13 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fashionnstyle.com/articles/55078/20150402/poltergeist-2015-new-trailer-possessed-clowns-attack-horror-movie-remake-watch.htm">the original</a> on 10 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dread+Central&rft.atitle=Clown+Sightings-Based+Horror+Film+Behind+the+Sightings+Acquired+by+Tommy+V+Films&rft.date=2017-05-31&rft.au=Jonathan+Barkan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dreadcentral.com%2Fnews%2F232135%2Fclown-sightings-based-horror-film-behind-sightings-acquired-tommy-v-films%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEvil+clown" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evil_clown&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Creepy_clowns" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Creepy clowns">Creepy clowns</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Clowns269" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Clowns" title="Template:Clowns"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Clowns" title="Template talk:Clowns"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Clowns" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Clowns"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Clowns269" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Clown" title="Clown">Clowns</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_clowns" title="List of clowns">List of clowns</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_jesters" title="List of jesters">List of jesters</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blackface" title="Blackface">Blackface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouffon" title="Bouffon">Bouffon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_clowning" title="Canadian clowning">Canadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chou_role" title="Chou role">Chou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circus_clown" title="Circus clown">Circus</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Evil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harlequin" title="Harlequin">Harlequin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harlequinade" title="Harlequinade">Harlequinade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heyoka" title="Heyoka">Heyoka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jester" title="Jester">Jester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mime_artist" title="Mime artist">Mime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_clowning" title="Modern clowning">Modern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierrot" title="Pierrot">Pierrot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_clown" title="Pueblo clown">Pueblo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritual_clown" title="Ritual clown">Ritual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodeo_clown" title="Rodeo clown">Rodeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scaramouche" title="Scaramouche">Scaramouche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silly_Billy" title="Silly Billy">Silly Billy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skomorokh" title="Skomorokh">Skomorokh</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Clown_chili_peppers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Clown_chili_peppers.jpg/70px-Clown_chili_peppers.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Clown_chili_peppers.jpg/105px-Clown_chili_peppers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Clown_chili_peppers.jpg/140px-Clown_chili_peppers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="476" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Clown_Association" title="World Clown Association">World Clown Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clown_Conservatory" title="Clown Conservatory">Clown Conservatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clowns_of_America_International" title="Clowns of America International">Clowns of America International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_World_Festival_of_Clowns_in_Yekaterinburg" title="The World Festival of Clowns in Yekaterinburg">The World Festival of Clowns in Yekaterinburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loldiers_of_Odin" title="Loldiers of Odin">Loldiers of Odin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clandestine_Insurgent_Rebel_Clown_Army" title="Clandestine Insurgent Rebel Clown Army">Clandestine Insurgent Rebel Clown Army</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_clown_sightings" title="2016 clown sightings">2016 clown sightings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clown_alley" title="Clown alley">Clown alley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clown_bicycle" title="Clown bicycle">Clown bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clown_car" title="Clown car">Clown car</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clown_Care" title="Clown Care">Clown Care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clowns_Gallery-Museum" title="Clowns Gallery-Museum">Clowns Gallery-Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clown_ministry" title="Clown ministry">Clown ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Clown%27s_Prayer" title="The Clown's Prayer">Clown's Prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clown_society" title="Clown society">Clown society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coulrophilia" title="Coulrophilia">Coulrophilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Clown_Hall_of_Fame" title="International Clown Hall of Fame">International Clown Hall of Fame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Clown_Week" title="International Clown Week">International Clown Week</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motley" title="Motley">Motley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ringling_Bros._and_Barnum_%26_Bailey_Clown_College" title="Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Clown College">Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Clown College</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Documentaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/I_clowns" title="I clowns">I clowns</a></i> (1970)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Clowns" title="Category:Clowns">Category</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Horror_fiction332" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Horror_fiction" title="Template:Horror fiction"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Horror_fiction" title="Template talk:Horror fiction"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Horror_fiction" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Horror fiction"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Horror_fiction332" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Horror_fiction" title="Horror fiction">Horror fiction</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speculative_fiction" title="Speculative fiction">Speculative fiction</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_horror_anime" title="List of horror anime">Anime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horror_comics" title="Horror comics">Comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horror_film" title="Horror film">Films</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_horror_films" title="History of horror films">History</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horror_fiction_magazine" title="Horror fiction magazine">Magazines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horror_podcast" title="Horror podcast">Podcasts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_horror_television_programs" title="List of horror television programs">Television programs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horror_game" title="Horror game">Video games</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_horror_games" title="List of horror games">list</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_horror" title="Art horror">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_horror" title="Black horror">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body_horror" title="Body horror">Body</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannibal_film" title="Cannibal film">Cannibal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_horror" title="Christmas horror">Christmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_horror" title="Comedy horror">Comedy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zombie_comedy" title="Zombie comedy">Zombie</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creepypasta" title="Creepypasta">Creepypasta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmicism" title="Cosmicism">Cosmic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_fantasy" title="Dark fantasy">Dark fantasy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dark_Romanticism" title="Dark Romanticism">Dark Romanticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Works_based_on_Faust" title="Works based on Faust">Faustian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grimdark" title="Grimdark">Grimdark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Splatterpunk" title="Splatterpunk">Splatterpunk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotic_horror" title="Erotic horror">Erotic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ero_guro" title="Ero guro">Guro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monster_erotica" title="Monster erotica">Monster erotica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zombie_pornography" title="Zombie pornography">Zombie pornography</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_horror" title="Folk horror">Folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_story" title="Ghost story">Ghost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giallo" title="Giallo">Giallo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_giallo_films" title="List of giallo films">List of films</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_fiction" title="Gothic fiction">Gothic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Gothic_fiction" title="American Gothic fiction">American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Gothic" title="Southern Gothic">Southern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Ontario_Gothic" title="Southern Ontario Gothic">Southern Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suburban_Gothic" title="Suburban Gothic">Suburban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tasmanian_Gothic" title="Tasmanian Gothic">Tasmanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_Gothic" title="Urban Gothic">Urban</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_horror" title="Japanese horror">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_horror" title="Korean horror">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lovecraftian_horror" title="Lovecraftian horror">Lovecraftian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monster" title="Monster">Monsters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jiangshi_fiction" title="Jiangshi fiction">Jiangshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vampire_literature" title="Vampire literature">Vampire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werewolf_fiction" title="Werewolf fiction">Werewolf</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occult_detective_fiction" title="Occult detective fiction">Occult detective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organ_transplantation_in_fiction" title="Organ transplantation in fiction">Organ transplantation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penny_dreadful" title="Penny dreadful">Penny dreadful</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postmodern_horror" title="Postmodern horror">Postmodern horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_horror" title="Psychological horror">Psychological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Survival_horror" title="Survival horror">Survival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Techno-horror" title="Techno-horror">Techno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weird_fiction" title="Weird fiction">Weird fiction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_weird" title="New weird">New weird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weird_menace" title="Weird menace">Weird menace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weird_West" title="Weird West">Weird West</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zombie_apocalypse" title="Zombie apocalypse">Zombie apocalypse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Monster" title="Monster">Monsters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demon" title="Demon">Demons</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Devil" title="Devil">Devils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghoul" title="Ghoul">Ghouls</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Evil clowns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extraterrestrials_in_fiction" title="Extraterrestrials in fiction">Extraterrestrials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire-breathing_monster" title="Fire-breathing monster">Fire-breathing monsters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chimera_(mythology)" title="Chimera (mythology)">Chimera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon" title="Dragon">Dragons</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gargoyle_(monster)" title="Gargoyle (monster)">Gargoyles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiju" title="Kaiju">Kaiju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killer_toy" title="Killer toy">Killer toy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutants_in_fiction" title="Mutants in fiction">Mutants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogre" title="Ogre">Ogres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_monster" title="Sea monster">Sea monster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piranha" title="Piranha">Piranha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shapeshifting" title="Shapeshifting">Therianthropes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Werecat" title="Werecat">Werecats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werewolf" title="Werewolf">Werewolves</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Undead" title="Undead">Undead</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Personifications_of_death" title="Personifications of death">Death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost" title="Ghost">Ghosts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mummy_(undead)" title="Mummy (undead)">Mummies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skeleton_(undead)" title="Skeleton (undead)">Skeletons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vampire" title="Vampire">Vampires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zombie" title="Zombie">Zombies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witchcraft" title="Witchcraft">Witches</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related genres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_comedy" title="Black comedy">Black comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantastique" title="Fantastique">Fantastique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy" title="Fantasy">Fantasy fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mystery_fiction" title="Mystery fiction">Mystery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paranormal_fiction" title="Paranormal fiction">Paranormal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction" title="Science fiction">Science fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gods_and_demons_fiction" title="Gods and demons fiction">Shenmo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supernatural_fiction" title="Supernatural fiction">Supernatural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thriller_(genre)" title="Thriller (genre)">Thriller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokusatsu" title="Tokusatsu">Tokusatsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_legend" title="Urban legend">Urban legend</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Guignol" title="Grand Guignol">Grand Guignol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_horror_fiction_writers" title="List of horror fiction writers">Writers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horror_convention" title="Horror convention">Conventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_themes_in_horror_fiction" title="LGBTQ themes in horror fiction">LGBTQ themes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_horror_television_series_with_LGBT_characters" class="mw-redirect" title="List of horror television series with LGBT characters">characters</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macabre" title="Macabre">Macabre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horror_host" title="Horror host">Horror host</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horror_punk" title="Horror punk">Horror punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deathrock" title="Deathrock">Deathrock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horrorcore" title="Horrorcore">Horrorcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulgar_auteurism" title="Vulgar auteurism">Vulgar auteurism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pulp_magazine" title="Pulp magazine">Pulp magazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Speculative_Fiction_Database" title="Internet Speculative Fiction Database">Internet Speculative Fiction Database</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bram_Stoker_Award" title="Bram Stoker Award">Bram Stoker Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_nasty" title="Video nasty">Video nasties</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Horror_fiction" title="Category:Horror fiction">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Speculative_fiction/Horror" title="Portal:Speculative fiction/Horror">Portal</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Stock_characters71" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Stock_characters" title="Template:Stock characters"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Stock_characters" title="Template talk:Stock characters"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Stock_characters" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Stock characters"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Stock_characters71" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Stock_character" title="Stock character">Stock characters</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stock_characters" title="List of stock characters">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archetype" title="Archetype">Archetype</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="By_ethics_and_morality71" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">By ethics and morality</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hero" title="Hero">Heroes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.4em;font-weight:normal;">Classic hero</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_hero" title="Action hero">Action hero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christ_figure" title="Christ figure">Christ figure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Chosen_One_(trope)" title="The Chosen One (trope)">Chosen One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everyman" title="Everyman">Everyman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_hero" title="Folk hero">Folk hero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knight-errant" title="Knight-errant">Knight-errant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legacy_hero" title="Legacy hero">Legacy hero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mythological_king" title="Mythological king">Mythological king</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paladin" title="Paladin">Paladin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superhero" title="Superhero">Superhero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youngest_son" title="Youngest son">Youngest son</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.4em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Antihero" title="Antihero">Antihero</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byronic_hero" title="Byronic hero">Byronic hero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man_alone" title="Man alone">Man alone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tragic_hero" title="Tragic hero">Tragic hero</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.4em;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyberhero" title="Cyberhero">Cyberhero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_soldier" title="Super soldier">Super soldier</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_marine" title="Space marine">Space marine</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rogue_literature" title="Rogue literature">Rogues</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.4em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Lovable_rogue" title="Lovable rogue">Lovable rogue</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gentleman_detective" title="Gentleman detective">Gentleman detective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_(hero)" title="Jack (hero)">Jack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trickster" title="Trickster">Trickster</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.4em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tricky_slave" title="Tricky slave">Tricky slave</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zanni" title="Zanni">Zanni</a> (servants, clowns: <a href="/wiki/Harlequin" title="Harlequin">Harlequin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brighella" title="Brighella">Brighella</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scapino" title="Scapino">Scapino</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pulcinella" title="Pulcinella">Pulcinella</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pierrot" title="Pierrot">Pierrot</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.4em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Outlaw_(stock_character)" title="Outlaw (stock character)">Outlaw</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bad_boy_archetype" title="Bad boy archetype">Bad boy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gentleman_thief" title="Gentleman thief">Gentleman thief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirates_in_popular_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Pirates in popular culture">Pirate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_pirate" title="Air pirate">Air pirate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_pirate" title="Space pirate">Space pirate</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.4em;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Good_cop/bad_cop" class="mw-redirect" title="Good cop/bad cop">Good cop/bad cop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rake_(stock_character)" title="Rake (stock character)">Rake</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Villain" title="Villain">Villains</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.4em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Villain#Sympathetic_villain" title="Villain">Antivillains</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/False_hero" title="False hero">False hero</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.4em;font-weight:normal;">The <a href="/wiki/Mole_(espionage)" title="Mole (espionage)">mole</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Double_agent" title="Double agent">Double agent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evil_twin" title="Evil twin">Evil twin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism" title="Terrorism">Terrorist</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.4em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Social_Darwinist" class="mw-redirect" title="Social Darwinist">Social Darwinist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dark_lord" title="Dark lord">Dark lord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mad_scientist" title="Mad scientist">Mad scientist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supervillain" title="Supervillain">Supervillain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.4em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Monster" title="Monster">Monsters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bug-eyed_monster" title="Bug-eyed monster">Bug-eyed monster</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Evil clown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killer_robot" title="Killer robot">Killer robot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killer_toy" title="Killer toy">Killer toy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monster_girl" title="Monster girl">Monster girl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skeleton_(undead)" title="Skeleton (undead)">Skeleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slime_(monster)" title="Slime (monster)">Slime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_swamp_monsters" title="List of swamp monsters">Swamp monster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vampires_in_popular_culture" title="Vampires in popular culture">Vampires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zombie" title="Zombie">Zombie</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_zombies" title="Nazi zombies">Nazi zombies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zombie_animal" title="Zombie animal">Zombie animal</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.4em;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alazon" title="Alazon">Alazon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archenemy" title="Archenemy">Archenemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_devil" title="Folk devil">Folk devil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igor_(character)" title="Igor (character)">Igor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masked_villain" title="Masked villain">Masked villain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miser" title="Miser">Miser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vecchio" title="Vecchio">Vecchio</a> (wealthy old men, <a href="/wiki/Pantalone" title="Pantalone">Pantalone</a> and <a href="/wiki/Il_Dottore" title="Il Dottore">Il Dottore</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Il_Capitano" title="Il Capitano">Il Capitano</a> (self styled captain, braggart)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="By_sex_and_gender71" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">By sex and gender</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Feminine" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminine">Feminine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;font-weight:normal;">Love interest</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bish%C5%8Djo" title="Bishōjo">Bishōjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blonde_stereotype" title="Blonde stereotype">Blonde stereotype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmer%27s_daughter" title="Farmer's daughter">Farmer's daughter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girl_next_door" title="Girl next door">Girl next door</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hooker_with_a_heart_of_gold" title="Hooker with a heart of gold">Hooker with a heart of gold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ing%C3%A9nue" title="Ingénue">Ingénue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loosu_ponnu" title="Loosu ponnu">Loosu ponnu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magical_girlfriend" title="Magical girlfriend">Magical girlfriend</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catgirl" title="Catgirl">Catgirl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monster_girl" title="Monster girl">Monster girl</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manic_Pixie_Dream_Girl" title="Manic Pixie Dream Girl">Manic Pixie Dream Girl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vixen_(stock_character)" title="Vixen (stock character)">Vixen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hag" title="Hag">Hag</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cat_lady" title="Cat lady">Cat lady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crone" title="Crone">Crone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairy_godmother" title="Fairy godmother">Fairy godmother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Ruffiana" title="La Ruffiana">La Ruffiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loathly_lady" title="Loathly lady">Loathly lady</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hawksian_woman" title="Hawksian woman">Hawksian woman</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dragon_Lady" title="Dragon Lady">Dragon Lady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Femme_fatale" title="Femme fatale">Femme fatale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsundere" title="Tsundere">Tsundere</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Women_warriors_in_literature_and_culture" title="Women warriors in literature and culture">Woman warrior</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jungle_girl" title="Jungle girl">Jungle girl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magical_girl" title="Magical girl">Magical girl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virago" title="Virago">Virago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strong_female_character" title="Strong female character">Strong female character</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Queen_bee_(sociology)" title="Queen bee (sociology)">Queen bee</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Princesse_lointaine" title="Princesse lointaine">Princesse lointaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_belle" title="Southern belle">Southern belle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valley_girl" title="Valley girl">Valley girl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamato_nadeshiko" title="Yamato nadeshiko">Yamato nadeshiko</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/LGBT_stereotypes" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT stereotypes">LGBT</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Class_S_(genre)" class="mw-redirect" title="Class S (genre)">Class S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laotong" title="Laotong">Laotong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Lady-in-waiting" title="Lady-in-waiting">Lady-in-waiting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Columbina" class="mw-redirect" title="Columbina">Columbina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mammy_stereotype" title="Mammy stereotype">Mammy stereotype</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Geek_girl" title="Geek girl">Geek girl</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gamer_girl" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamer girl">Gamer girl</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Damsel_in_distress" title="Damsel in distress">Damsel in distress</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Final_girl" title="Final girl">Final girl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_and_dragon" title="Princess and dragon">Princess and dragon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Masculine" class="mw-redirect" title="Masculine">Masculine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Harlequin" title="Harlequin">Harlequin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pierrot" title="Pierrot">Pierrot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scaramouche" title="Scaramouche">Scaramouche</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Father_figure" title="Father figure">Father figure</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wise_old_man" title="Wise old man">Wise old man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elderly_martial_arts_master" title="Elderly martial arts master">Elderly martial arts master</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Young</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group 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