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class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Hebrew Bible</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 47 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-47" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">47 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="الكتاب العبري – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الكتاب العبري" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblia_hebrea" title="Biblia hebrea – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Biblia hebrea" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2" title="হিব্রু বাইবেল – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হিব্রু বাইবেল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%9E%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%91%D1%96%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Яўрэйская Біблія – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Яўрэйская Біблія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrejsk%C3%A1_bible" title="Hebrejská bible – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hebrejská bible" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebraiske_Bibel" title="Hebraiske Bibel – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Hebraiske Bibel" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Hebrew Bible" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblia_hebrea" title="Biblia hebrea – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Biblia hebrea" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrea_Biblio" title="Hebrea Biblio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Hebrea Biblio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrear_Biblia" title="Hebrear Biblia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hebrear Biblia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3_%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="کتاب مقدس عبری – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کتاب مقدس عبری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblia_hebrea" title="Biblia hebrea – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Biblia hebrea" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%9E%88%EB%B8%8C%EB%A6%AC%EC%96%B4_%EC%84%B1%EA%B2%BD" title="히브리어 성경 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="히브리어 성경" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkitab_Ibrani" title="Alkitab Ibrani – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Alkitab Ibrani" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBhayibheli_lesiHeberu" title="IBhayibheli lesiHeberu – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IBhayibheli lesiHeberu" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebreska_bibl%C3%ADan" title="Hebreska biblían – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hebreska biblían" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%AA%D7%A0%22%D7%9A_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99" title="התנ"ך העברי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="התנ"ך העברי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblia_ya_Kiebrania" title="Biblia ya Kiebrania – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Biblia ya Kiebrania" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblia_Hebraica" title="Biblia Hebraica – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Biblia Hebraica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A9ber_Biblia" title="Héber Biblia – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Héber Biblia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%85" title="Танах – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Танах" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%81_%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BE" title="ഹീബ്രു ബൈബിൾ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഹീബ്രു ബൈബിൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%89" title="الكتاب العبرى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الكتاب العبرى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitab_Bible_Ibrani" title="Kitab Bible Ibrani – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kitab Bible Ibrani" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebreeuwse_Bijbel" title="Hebreeuwse Bijbel – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hebreeuwse Bijbel" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%98%E3%83%96%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E8%AA%9E%E8%81%96%E6%9B%B8" title="ヘブライ語聖書 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヘブライ語聖書" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_hebraiske_bibelen" title="Den hebraiske bibelen – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Den hebraiske bibelen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_hebraiske_bibelen" title="Den hebraiske bibelen – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Den hebraiske bibelen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D9%84" title="عبرانی بائبل – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="عبرانی بائبل" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A_%D8%B3%D9%BE%DB%90%DA%85%D9%84%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="عبراني سپېڅلی کتاب – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="عبراني سپېڅلی کتاب" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%ADblia_hebraica" title="Bíblia hebraica – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bíblia hebraica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Еврейская Библия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Еврейская Библия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%85" title="Танах – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Танах" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibla_Hebreje" title="Bibla Hebreje – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Bibla Hebreje" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrejsk%C3%A1_biblia" title="Hebrejská biblia – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Hebrejská biblia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%AA%DB%8E%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%86%D8%B2%DB%8C_%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="کتێبی پیرۆزی عیبری – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کتێبی پیرۆزی عیبری" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Хебрејска Библија – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хебрејска Библија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrejska_Biblija" title="Hebrejska Biblija – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Hebrejska Biblija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="எபிரேய வேதாகமம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எபிரேய வேதாகமம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B9" title="คัมภีร์ฮีบรู – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คัมภีร์ฮีบรู" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0brani_Kutsal_Kitab%C4%B1" title="İbrani Kutsal Kitabı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İbrani Kutsal Kitabı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8%D9%84" title="عبرانی بائبل – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="عبرانی بائبل" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinh_Th%C3%A1nh_Hebrew" title="Kinh Thánh Hebrew – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kinh Thánh Hebrew" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibe_(djudayisse)" title="Bibe (djudayisse) – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Bibe (djudayisse)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E4%BC%AF%E6%9D%A5%E5%9C%A3%E7%BB%8F" title="希伯来圣经 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="希伯来圣经" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenach" title="Tenach – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Tenach" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E4%BC%AF%E4%BE%86%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93" title="希伯來聖經 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="希伯來聖經" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q732870#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Change links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Page</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon 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float:right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; font-size: 85%; border: 1px solid #aaaaaa; text-align: center; border-spacing:0px; width:300px; white-space:nowrap; border-collapse:collapse;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="font-size:90%; font-weight:normal;">Part of a series on </th></tr> <tr> <td> <table style="width:100%; table-layout:fixed; background:transparent; text-align:center; border-spacing:0px; margin:0px;"> <tbody><tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Star_of_David.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/50px-Star_of_David.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/75px-Star_of_David.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/100px-Star_of_David.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="693" /></a></span></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a 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/></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="font-size:100%;"><a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #edf3fe;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Judaism" title="Category:Judaism">Category</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#ccccff; border: 1px solid #FFFFFF;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jewish_religious_movements&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jewish religious movements (not yet started)">Jewish religious movements</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ffffff;"> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Judaism" title="Orthodox Judaism">Orthodox</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haredi_Judaism" title="Haredi Judaism">Haredi</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Hasidic_Judaism" title="Hasidic Judaism">Hasidic</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Modern_Orthodox_Judaism" title="Modern Orthodox Judaism">Modern</a>)</span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #edf3fe;"> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Judaism" title="Conservative Judaism">Conservative</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Reform_Judaism" title="Reform Judaism">Reform</a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ffffff;"> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Reconstructionist_Judaism" title="Reconstructionist Judaism">Reconstructionist</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Renewal" title="Jewish Renewal">Renewal</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Humanistic_Judaism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Humanistic Judaism (not yet started)">Humanistic</a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#ccccff; border: 1px solid #FFFFFF;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jewish_philosophy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jewish philosophy (not yet started)">Jewish philosophy</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ffffff;"> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jewish_principles_of_faith&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jewish principles of faith (not yet started)">Principles of faith</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kabbalah" title="Kabbalah">Kabbalah</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Messiah" title="Messiah">Messiah</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_ethics" title="Jewish ethics">Ethics</a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #edf3fe;"> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Jews_as_the_chosen_people" title="Jews as the chosen people">Chosenness</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Names_of_God_in_Judaism" title="Names of God in Judaism">Names of God</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Musar_movement" title="Musar movement">Musar</a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#ccccff; border: 1px solid #FFFFFF;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Jewish_texts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Jewish texts (not yet started)">Religious texts</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ffffff;"> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tanakh</a> (<a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Nevi%27im" title="Nevi'im">Nevi'im</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Ketuvim" title="Ketuvim">Ketuvim</a>)</span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #edf3fe;"> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="Unicode"> <a href="/wiki/Chumash_(Judaism)" title="Chumash (Judaism)">Ḥumash</a></span> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Siddur" title="Siddur">Siddur</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piyyut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Piyyut (not yet started)">Piyutim</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Zohar" title="Zohar">Zohar</a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ffffff;"> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rabbinic_literature&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rabbinic literature (not yet started)">Rabbinic literature</a> (<a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Midrash" title="Midrash">Midrash</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tosefta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tosefta (not yet started)">Tosefta</a>)</span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#ccccff; border: 1px solid #FFFFFF;"><a href="/wiki/Halakha" title="Halakha">Religious Law</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #aaaaaa;"> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mishneh_Torah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mishneh Torah (not yet started)">Mishneh Torah</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arba%27ah_Turim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arba'ah Turim (not yet started)">Tur</a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #edf3fe;"> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Shulchan_Aruch" title="Shulchan Aruch">Shulchan Aruch</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mishnah_Berurah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mishnah Berurah (not yet started)">Mishnah Berurah</a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ffffff;"> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kashrut" class="mw-redirect" title="Kashrut">Kashrut</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tzniut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tzniut (not yet started)">Tzniut</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tzedakah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tzedakah (not yet started)">Tzedakah</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niddah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Niddah (not yet started)">Niddah</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seven_Laws_of_Noah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seven Laws of Noah (not yet started)">Noahide laws</a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#ccccff; border: 1px solid #aaaaaa;">Holy cities </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ffffff;"> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Safed" title="Safed">Safed</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Hebron" title="Hebron">Hebron</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Tiberias" title="Tiberias">Tiberias</a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#ccccff; border: 1px solid #aaaaaa;">Important figures </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #edf3fe;"> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Isaac" title="Isaac">Isaac</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Jacob" title="Jacob">Jacob</a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ffffff;"> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Aaron" title="Aaron">Aaron</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Solomon" title="Solomon">Solomon</a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #edf3fe;"> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Sarah" title="Sarah">Sarah</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Rebecca" title="Rebecca">Rebecca</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Rachel" title="Rachel">Rachel</a>  •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Leah" title="Leah">Leah</a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ffffff;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_rabbis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of rabbis (not yet started)">Rabbinic sages</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#ccccff; border: 1px solid #aaaaaa;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Jewish_life&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Jewish life (not yet started)">Jewish life cycle</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #edf3fe;"> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Brit_milah" title="Brit milah">Brit</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Pidyon_haben" title="Pidyon haben">Pidyon haben</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Bar_and_Bat_Mitzvah" title="Bar and Bat Mitzvah">Bar/Bat Mitzvah</a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ffffff;"> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jewish_views_on_marriage&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jewish views on marriage (not yet started)">Marriage</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bereavement_in_Judaism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bereavement in Judaism (not yet started)">Bereavement</a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#ccccff; border: 1px solid #aaaaaa;">Religious roles </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #edf3fe;"> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Rabbi" title="Rabbi">Rabbi</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rebbe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rebbe (not yet started)">Rebbe</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Posek (not yet started)">Posek</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hazzan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hazzan (not yet started)">Hazzan/Cantor</a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ffffff;"> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Beth_din" title="Beth din">Dayan</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rosh_yeshiva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rosh yeshiva (not yet started)">Rosh yeshiva</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Mohel" title="Mohel">Mohel</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kohen" title="Kohen">Kohen/Priest</a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#ccccff; border: 1px solid #aaaaaa;">Religious buildings & institutions </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ffffff;"> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Synagogue" title="Synagogue">Synagogue</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beth_midrash&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beth midrash (not yet started)">Beth midrash</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Mikveh" title="Mikveh">Mikveh</a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #edf3fe;"> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sukkah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sukkah (not yet started)">Sukkah</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chevra_kadisha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chevra kadisha (not yet started)">Chevra kadisha</a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ffffff;"> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Temple_in_Jerusalem" title="Temple in Jerusalem">Holy Temple</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tabernacle" title="Tabernacle">Tabernacle</a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#ccccff; border: 1px solid #aaaaaa;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jewish_education&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jewish education (not yet started)">Jewish education</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ffffff;"> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Yeshiva" title="Yeshiva">Yeshiva</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kollel" title="Kollel">Kollel</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cheder&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cheder (not yet started)">Cheder</a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#ccccff; border: 1px solid #aaaaaa;">Religious articles </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #edf3fe;"> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sefer_Torah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sefer Torah (not yet started)">Sefer Torah</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Tallit" title="Tallit">Tallit</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tefillin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tefillin (not yet started)">Tefillin</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tzitzit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tzitzit (not yet started)">Tzitzit</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kippah" title="Kippah">Kippah</a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ffffff;"> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Mezuzah" title="Mezuzah">Mezuzah</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Menorah_(Hanukkah)" title="Menorah (Hanukkah)">Hanukiah/Menorah</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shofar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shofar (not yet started)">Shofar</a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #edf3fe;"> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Four_Species&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Four Species (not yet started)">4 Species</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kittel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kittel (not yet started)">Kittel</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gartel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gartel (not yet started)">Gartel</a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#ccccff; border: 1px solid #aaaaaa;"><a href="/wiki/Service_of_worship#Judaism" title="Service of worship">Jewish prayers and services</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ffffff;"> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shema_Yisrael&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shema Yisrael (not yet started)">Shema</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Amidah" title="Amidah">Amidah</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aleinu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aleinu (not yet started)">Aleinu</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kaddish" title="Kaddish">Kaddish</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Minyan" title="Minyan">Minyan</a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #edf3fe;"> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Birkat_Hamazon" title="Birkat Hamazon">Birkat Hamazon</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shehecheyanu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shehecheyanu (not yet started)">Shehecheyanu</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hallel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hallel (not yet started)">Hallel</a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ffffff;"> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Havdalah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Havdalah (not yet started)">Havdalah</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tachanun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tachanun (not yet started)">Tachanun</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kol_Nidre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kol Nidre (not yet started)">Kol Nidre</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Selichot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Selichot (not yet started)">Selichot</a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#ccccff; border: 1px solid #aaaaaa;">Judaism & other religions </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ffffff;"> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Christian" title="Judeo-Christian">Judeo-Christian</a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #edf3fe;"><a href="/wiki/Abrahamic_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Abrahamic religion">Abrahamic faiths</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#ccccff; border: 1px solid #aaaaaa;">Related topics </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ffffff;"> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jewish_culture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jewish culture (not yet started)">Jewish culture</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">Antisemitism</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> •</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionism</a></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#ccccff; font-size: 70%; border: 1px solid #aaaaaa;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9122447">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Judaism" title="Template:Judaism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Judaism" title="Template talk:Judaism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Judaism&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div> </th></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9671799">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the Jewish scriptures. For the various Christian canons, see <a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Targum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Targum.jpg/265px-Targum.jpg" decoding="async" width="265" height="309" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Targum.jpg/398px-Targum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Targum.jpg/530px-Targum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="946" data-file-height="1102" /></a><figcaption>11th century manuscript of the Hebrew Bible with <a href="/wiki/Targum" title="Targum">Targum</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Hebrew Bible</b>, which is also called the <b>Tanakh</b> is the <a href="/wiki/Biblical_canon" title="Biblical canon">Biblical canon</a> of Hebrew scriptures, including the <a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nevi%27im" title="Nevi'im">Nevi'im</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ketuvim" title="Ketuvim">Ketuvim</a>. These texts are almost exclusively in <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>, with a few passages in <a href="/wiki/Aramaic_language" title="Aramaic language">Aramaic</a>. </p><p>It means the same as the Jewish <a href="/wiki/Tanakh" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanakh">Tanakh</a> and the Protestant <a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a>, but does not include the <a href="/wiki/Deuterocanonical" class="mw-redirect" title="Deuterocanonical">deuterocanonical</a> portions of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic</a> Old Testament and is meant for the text only, not for naming, numbering or ordering of books (what both <a href="/wiki/Tanakh" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanakh">Tanakh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a> do). </p><p>The "<a href="/wiki/Tawrat" title="Tawrat">Tawrat</a>" (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">توراة‎</span>) is the Arabic name for the Torah within its context as an <a href="/wiki/Islamic" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic">Islamic</a> holy book believed by <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslims</a> to be given by God (Allah) to prophets and messengers amongst the <a href="/wiki/Children_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Children of Israel">Children of Israel</a>, and often refers to the entire Hebrew Bible.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Usage">Usage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hebrew_Bible&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Change section: Usage" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hebrew_Bible&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Usage"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On the one hand, the term "Hebrew Bible" is not often used among adherents of either Judaism or Christianity. On the other hand, it is widely used in academic writing and interfaith discussion. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Written_versions">Written versions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hebrew_Bible&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Change section: Written versions" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hebrew_Bible&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Written versions"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Judaism, the version used today is the <a href="/wiki/Masoretic_Text" title="Masoretic Text">Masoretic Text</a>. It was put together between the 6th and 10th centuries. Another version is the <a href="/wiki/Septuagint" title="Septuagint">Septuagint</a>, which was translated from Hebrew into Greek. The Septuagint was started between the 3rd and 1st centuries <a href="/wiki/BCE" class="mw-redirect" title="BCE">BCE</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hebrew_Bible&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Change section: References" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hebrew_Bible&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: References"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724317">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Isabel Lang <i>Intertextualität als hermeneutischer Zugang zur Auslegung des Korans: Eine Betrachtung am Beispiel der Verwendung von Israiliyyat in der Rezeption der Davidserzählung in Sure 38: 21-25</i> Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH, 31.12.2015 <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724332">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783832541514" title="Special:BookSources/9783832541514">9783832541514</a> p. 98 (German) </span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hebrew_Bible&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Change section: Further reading" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hebrew_Bible&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Further reading"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson1987" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Johnson_(writer)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Johnson (writer) (not yet started)">Johnson, Paul</a> (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofjews0000john_g1i3"><i>A History of the Jews</i></a> (First, hardback ed.). London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-297-79091-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-297-79091-9"><bdi>0-297-79091-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Jews&rft.place=London&rft.edition=First%2C+hardback&rft.pub=Weidenfeld+and+Nicolson&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=0-297-79091-9&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofjews0000john_g1i3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AHebrew+Bible" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Kuntz, John Kenneth. <i>The People of Ancient Israel: an introduction to Old Testament Literature, History, and Thought</i>, Harper and Row, 1974. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-06-043822-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-06-043822-3">0-06-043822-3</a></li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1195546723809&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull">Nothing old about it</a></i> by Shmuley Boteach (Jerusalem Post, November 28, 2007).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_websites">Other websites</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hebrew_Bible&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Change section: Other websites" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hebrew_Bible&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Other websites"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wdl.org/en/item/11363/">A Hebrew Bible</a> from around the year 1300</li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <div class="boilerplate metadata plainlinks" id="stub"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Religious_syms.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Religious_syms.svg/30px-Religious_syms.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Religious_syms.svg/45px-Religious_syms.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Religious_syms.svg/60px-Religious_syms.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="768" /></a></span> <i>This <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub" title="Wikipedia:Stub">short article</a> about <a href="/wiki/Category:Religion_stubs" title="Category:Religion stubs">religion</a> can be made longer. 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