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text-with-styled-background__line--medium text-with-styled-background__line--largest"></div></div></div></a><div class="story-item__label story-item__label--tablet"><div class="dot-with-label"><a class="" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20191015024248/https://www.bbc.com/worklife/columns/language-matters"><div class="styled-dot styled-dot--worklife"></div></a><span class="dot-with-label__text"><a class="" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20191015024248/https://www.bbc.com/worklife/columns/language-matters"><h2 class="uppercase-label uppercase-label--light-grey uppercase-label--small">Language Matters </h2></a></span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="story-group__story story-group__story--tablet"><div class="story-item"><a class="story-item__story-link" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20191015024248/https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20191008-jantelagen-why-swedes-wont-talk-about-wealth"><div class="story-item__image-container"><div class="circle-image 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text-with-styled-background__line--medium text-with-styled-background__line--largest"></div></div></div></a><div class="story-item__label story-item__label--tablet"><div class="dot-with-label"><a class="" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20191015024248/https://www.bbc.com/worklife/tags/the-nordic-way"><div class="styled-dot styled-dot--worklife"></div></a><span class="dot-with-label__text"><a class="" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20191015024248/https://www.bbc.com/worklife/tags/the-nordic-way"><h2 class="uppercase-label uppercase-label--light-grey uppercase-label--small">The Nordic Way</h2></a></span></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="story-group__story-items story-group__story-items--tablet"><div class="story-group__story story-group__story--tablet"><div class="story-item"><a class="story-item__story-link" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20191015024248/https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20190930-the-untapped-potential-of-the-longevity-economy"><div class="story-item__image-container"><div class="circle-image circle-image--medium" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20191015024248im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/wwfeatures/live/624_351/images/live/p0/7f/sc/p07fsc3b.jpg)"><img draggable="false" title="" class="image" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20191015024248im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/wwfeatures/live/624_351/images/live/p0/7p/qq/p07pqqvt.jpg" alt=""/></div></div></a><div class="story-item__container story-item__container--column story-item__container--tablet"><a class="story-item__story-link" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20191015024248/https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20190930-the-untapped-potential-of-the-longevity-economy"><div class="text-with-styled-background"><span class="text-with-styled-background__text text-with-styled-background__text--medium">The boomers spending like millennials</span><div class="text-with-styled-background__line-container text-with-styled-background__line-container--no-margin"><div class="text-with-styled-background__line text-with-styled-background__line--medium text-with-styled-background__line--largest"></div></div></div></a><div class="story-item__label story-item__label--tablet"><div class="dot-with-label"><a class="" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20191015024248/https://www.bbc.com/worklife/generation-project"><div class="styled-dot styled-dot--worklife"></div></a><span class="dot-with-label__text"><a class="" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20191015024248/https://www.bbc.com/worklife/generation-project"><h2 class="uppercase-label uppercase-label--light-grey uppercase-label--small">Generation Project</h2></a></span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="story-group__story story-group__story--tablet"><div class="story-item"><a class="story-item__story-link" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20191015024248/https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20190927-the-imported-priests-saving-irelands-ageing-clergy"><div class="story-item__image-container"><div class="circle-image circle-image--medium" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20191015024248im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/wwfeatures/live/624_351/images/live/p0/7f/sc/p07fsc3b.jpg)"><img draggable="false" title="" class="image" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20191015024248im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/wwfeatures/live/624_351/images/live/p0/7p/hl/p07phlx2.jpg" alt=""/></div></div></a><div class="story-item__container story-item__container--column story-item__container--tablet"><a class="story-item__story-link" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20191015024248/https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20190927-the-imported-priests-saving-irelands-ageing-clergy"><div class="text-with-styled-background"><span class="text-with-styled-background__text text-with-styled-background__text--medium">The ‘imported’ priests of Ireland</span><div class="text-with-styled-background__line-container text-with-styled-background__line-container--no-margin"><div class="text-with-styled-background__line text-with-styled-background__line--medium text-with-styled-background__line--largest"></div></div></div></a><div class="story-item__label story-item__label--tablet"><div class="dot-with-label"><a class="" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20191015024248/https://www.bbc.com/worklife/generation-project"><div class="styled-dot styled-dot--worklife"></div></a><span class="dot-with-label__text"><a class="" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20191015024248/https://www.bbc.com/worklife/generation-project"><h2 class="uppercase-label uppercase-label--light-grey uppercase-label--small">Generation Project</h2></a></span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="latest-articles__story-group latest-articles__story-group--tablet"><div class="story-group story-group--flip story-group--tablet-flip story-group--tablet"><div class="story-group__article story-group__article--tablet"><div class="latest-articles__story"><div class="article-title-card article-title-card--small-tablet article-title-card--promo article-title-card--promo-small-tablet article-title-card--desktop"><div class="article-title-card__container article-title-card__container--desktop article-title-card__container--promo"><div class="article-title-card__labels article-title-card__labels--desktop article-title-card__labels--small article-title-card__labels--promo"><div class="hero-card-labels"><a class="hero-card-labels__link" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20191015024248/https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20191004-lane-moore-how-to-speak-in-front-of-crowds"><div class="hero-card-labels__header"><h2 class="hero-header__header hero-header__header--large">A comedian’s guide to public speaking</h2></div></a><div class="hero-card-labels__description"><div class="hero-card-labels__play-icon"><div class="icon-with-label"><div class="icon-with-label__icon"><button class="play-icon gelicon--play"></button></div><h2 class="uppercase-label uppercase-label--white">Video</h2></div></div><div class="hero-card-labels__dot-label"></div></div></div></div><div class="article-title-card__image article-title-card__image--desktop article-title-card__image--promo"><a class="article-title-card__link" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20191015024248/https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20191004-lane-moore-how-to-speak-in-front-of-crowds"><img draggable="false" title="" class="image image--centre" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20191015024248im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/wwfeatures/live/624_351/images/live/p0/7q/29/p07q292j.jpg" alt=""/><div class="article-title-card__background"></div></a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="story-group__container-stories story-group__container-stories--tablet story-group__container-stories--tablet-flip"><div class="story-group__stories story-group__stories--tablet story-group__stories--tablet-flip"><div class="story-group__story-items story-group__story-items--tablet"></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="index__more-articles"></div><div class="index__storyworks-section"><div class=""><div id="bbccom_native_pwa_1_2_3_4" class="bbccom_slot bbccom_standard_slot adslot--native_pwa" aria-hidden="true"><div id="native_pwa" class="bbccom_native_pwa bbccom_advert"></div></div></div></div><div class="index__stories-container"><div class="index-stories__story-item"><div class="story-item"><a class="story-item__story-link" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20191015024248/https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20190926-the-former-tech-ceo-obsessed-with-walking"><div class="story-item__image-container"><div class="circle-image circle-image--medium" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20191015024248im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/wwfeatures/live/624_351/images/live/p0/7f/sc/p07fsc3b.jpg)"><img draggable="false" title="" class="image" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20191015024248im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/wwfeatures/live/624_351/images/live/p0/7p/f0/p07pf0zz.jpg" alt=""/></div></div></a><div class="story-item__container story-item__container--column story-item__container--tablet"><a class="story-item__story-link" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20191015024248/https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20190926-the-former-tech-ceo-obsessed-with-walking"><div class="text-with-styled-background"><span class="text-with-styled-background__text text-with-styled-background__text--medium">How burnout led to a walking obsession</span><div class="text-with-styled-background__line-container text-with-styled-background__line-container--no-margin"><div class="text-with-styled-background__line text-with-styled-background__line--medium text-with-styled-background__line--largest"></div></div></div></a><div class="story-item__label story-item__label--tablet"><div class="story-item__type"><div class="story-item__icon"><button class="play-icon gelicon--play play-icon--grey"></button></div><h2 class="uppercase-label uppercase-label--small uppercase-label--reith-condensed">Video</h2></div><div class="dot-with-label"><a class="" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20191015024248/https://www.bbc.com/worklife/tags/burnout"><div class="styled-dot styled-dot--worklife"></div></a><span class="dot-with-label__text"><a class="" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20191015024248/https://www.bbc.com/worklife/tags/burnout"><h2 class="uppercase-label uppercase-label--light-grey uppercase-label--small">Burnout</h2></a></span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="index-stories__story-item"><div class="story-item"><a class="story-item__story-link" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20191015024248/https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20190920-the-couples-reconsidering-kids-because-of-climate-change"><div class="story-item__image-container"><div class="circle-image circle-image--medium" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20191015024248im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/wwfeatures/live/624_351/images/live/p0/7f/sc/p07fsc3b.jpg)"><img draggable="false" title="" class="image" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20191015024248im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/wwfeatures/live/624_351/images/live/p0/7n/t0/p07nt0xs.jpg" alt=""/></div></div></a><div class="story-item__container story-item__container--column story-item__container--tablet"><a class="story-item__story-link" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20191015024248/https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20190920-the-couples-reconsidering-kids-because-of-climate-change"><div class="text-with-styled-background"><span class="text-with-styled-background__text text-with-styled-background__text--medium">Child-free because of climate fears</span><div class="text-with-styled-background__line-container text-with-styled-background__line-container--no-margin"><div class="text-with-styled-background__line text-with-styled-background__line--medium text-with-styled-background__line--largest"></div></div></div></a><div class="story-item__label story-item__label--tablet"><div class="dot-with-label"><a class="" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20191015024248/https://www.bbc.com/worklife/generation-project"><div class="styled-dot styled-dot--worklife"></div></a><span class="dot-with-label__text"><a class="" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20191015024248/https://www.bbc.com/worklife/generation-project"><h2 class="uppercase-label uppercase-label--light-grey uppercase-label--small">Generation Project</h2></a></span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="index-stories__story-item"><div class="story-item"><a class="story-item__story-link" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20191015024248/https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20190924-being-depressed-in-the-worlds-happiest-country"><div class="story-item__image-container"><div class="circle-image circle-image--medium" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20191015024248im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/wwfeatures/live/624_351/images/live/p0/7f/sc/p07fsc3b.jpg)"><img draggable="false" title="" class="image" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20191015024248im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/wwfeatures/live/624_351/images/live/p0/7p/61/p07p619q.jpg" alt=""/></div></div></a><div class="story-item__container story-item__container--column story-item__container--tablet"><a class="story-item__story-link" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20191015024248/https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20190924-being-depressed-in-the-worlds-happiest-country"><div class="text-with-styled-background"><span class="text-with-styled-background__text text-with-styled-background__text--medium">Depressed in the 'happiest country'</span><div class="text-with-styled-background__line-container text-with-styled-background__line-container--no-margin"><div class="text-with-styled-background__line text-with-styled-background__line--medium text-with-styled-background__line--largest"></div></div></div></a><div class="story-item__label story-item__label--tablet"><div class="dot-with-label"><a class="" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20191015024248/https://www.bbc.com/worklife/tags/the-nordic-way"><div class="styled-dot styled-dot--worklife"></div></a><span class="dot-with-label__text"><a class="" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20191015024248/https://www.bbc.com/worklife/tags/the-nordic-way"><h2 class="uppercase-label uppercase-label--light-grey uppercase-label--small">The Nordic Way</h2></a></span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="index-stories__story-item"><div class="story-item"><a class="story-item__story-link" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20191015024248/https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20190925-the-holiday-paradise-going-green-amid-a-tourist-boom"><div class="story-item__image-container"><div class="circle-image circle-image--medium" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20191015024248im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/wwfeatures/live/624_351/images/live/p0/7f/sc/p07fsc3b.jpg)"><img draggable="false" title="" class="image" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20191015024248im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/wwfeatures/live/624_351/images/live/p0/7p/ct/p07pct6l.jpg" alt=""/></div></div></a><div class="story-item__container story-item__container--column story-item__container--tablet"><a class="story-item__story-link" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20191015024248/https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20190925-the-holiday-paradise-going-green-amid-a-tourist-boom"><div class="text-with-styled-background"><span class="text-with-styled-background__text text-with-styled-background__text--medium">Where most homes are solar-powered</span><div class="text-with-styled-background__line-container text-with-styled-background__line-container--no-margin"><div class="text-with-styled-background__line text-with-styled-background__line--medium text-with-styled-background__line--largest"></div></div></div></a><div class="story-item__label story-item__label--tablet"><div class="story-item__type"><div class="story-item__icon"><button class="play-icon gelicon--play play-icon--grey"></button></div><h2 class="uppercase-label uppercase-label--small uppercase-label--reith-condensed">Video</h2></div><div class="dot-with-label"><a class="" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20191015024248/https://www.bbc.com/worklife/generation-project"><div class="styled-dot styled-dot--worklife"></div></a><span class="dot-with-label__text"><a class="" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20191015024248/https://www.bbc.com/worklife/generation-project"><h2 class="uppercase-label uppercase-label--light-grey uppercase-label--small">Generation Project</h2></a></span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="index-stories__story-item"><div class="story-item"><a class="story-item__story-link" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20191015024248/https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20190919-the-one-euro-homes-of-sicily"><div class="story-item__image-container"><div class="circle-image circle-image--medium" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20191015024248im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/wwfeatures/live/624_351/images/live/p0/7f/sc/p07fsc3b.jpg)"><img draggable="false" title="" class="image" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20191015024248im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/wwfeatures/live/624_351/images/live/p0/7n/xb/p07nxbmk.jpg" alt=""/></div></div></a><div class="story-item__container story-item__container--column story-item__container--tablet"><a class="story-item__story-link" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20191015024248/https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20190919-the-one-euro-homes-of-sicily"><div class="text-with-styled-background"><span class="text-with-styled-background__text text-with-styled-background__text--medium">The €1 homes of Sicily</span><div class="text-with-styled-background__line-container text-with-styled-background__line-container--no-margin"><div class="text-with-styled-background__line text-with-styled-background__line--medium text-with-styled-background__line--largest"></div></div></div></a><div class="story-item__label story-item__label--tablet"><div class="story-item__type"><div class="story-item__icon"><button class="play-icon gelicon--play play-icon--grey"></button></div><h2 class="uppercase-label uppercase-label--small uppercase-label--reith-condensed">Video</h2></div><div class="dot-with-label"><a class="" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20191015024248/https://www.bbc.com/worklife/generation-project"><div class="styled-dot styled-dot--worklife"></div></a><span class="dot-with-label__text"><a class="" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20191015024248/https://www.bbc.com/worklife/generation-project"><h2 class="uppercase-label uppercase-label--light-grey uppercase-label--small">Generation Project</h2></a></span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="index-stories__story-item"><div class="story-item"><a class="story-item__story-link" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20191015024248/https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20190916-the-parasitic-homes-that-could-change-cities"><div class="story-item__image-container"><div class="circle-image circle-image--medium" style="background-image:url(https://web.archive.org/web/20191015024248im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/wwfeatures/live/624_351/images/live/p0/7f/sc/p07fsc3b.jpg)"><img draggable="false" title="" class="image" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20191015024248im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/wwfeatures/live/624_351/images/live/p0/7p/1w/p07p1wj4.jpg" alt=""/></div></div></a><div class="story-item__container story-item__container--column story-item__container--tablet"><a class="story-item__story-link" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20191015024248/https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20190916-the-parasitic-homes-that-could-change-cities"><div class="text-with-styled-background"><span class="text-with-styled-background__text text-with-styled-background__text--medium">The odd tiny homes infiltrating cities</span><div class="text-with-styled-background__line-container text-with-styled-background__line-container--no-margin"><div class="text-with-styled-background__line text-with-styled-background__line--medium text-with-styled-background__line--largest"></div></div></div></a><div class="story-item__label story-item__label--tablet"><div class="dot-with-label"><a class="" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20191015024248/https://www.bbc.com/worklife/generation-project"><div class="styled-dot styled-dot--worklife"></div></a><span class="dot-with-label__text"><a class="" target="" rel="" id="" href="/web/20191015024248/https://www.bbc.com/worklife/generation-project"><h2 class="uppercase-label uppercase-label--light-grey uppercase-label--small">Generation Project</h2></a></span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="index__load-more"><div class="load-more-button"><button class="basic-button basic-button--worklife"><span class="load-more-button__refresh gelicon--refresh"></span><span class="basic-button__text">Load more articles</span></button></div></div><div class="around-the-bbc around-the-bbc--small"><div class="around-the-bbc__content"><div class="label-with-line"><div class="label-with-line__label"><h2 class="uppercase-label uppercase-label--large">Around the bbc</h2></div><div class="styled-line styled-line--worklife"></div></div><div class="around-the-bbc__items around-the-bbc__items--tablet around-the-bbc__items--two-columns"></div></div></div></main></div></div> 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100 images tell the stories of 50 million people? The ‘Demographica’ project aims to find out.","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EAfrica’s population is growing, and quickly. According to the UN more than half of global population growth between now and 2050 will happen across the continent.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EKenya is a big part of this equation: the country now has nearly 50 million people, and its population is \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fpopulation.un.org\u002Fwpp\u002FGraphs\u002FProbabilistic\u002FPOP\u002FTOT\u002F404\"\u003Epredicted to about double\u003C\u002Fa\u003E by 2050. And, unlike many of its global counterparts whose populations are rapidly ageing, Kenya’s population is one of the youngest. Its rapidly growing youth demographic isn’t its only defining feature, however: with\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fqz.com\u002Fafrica\u002F1037595\u002Fadding-asians-to-kenyas-list-of-tribes-shows-an-unhealthy-obsession-with-tribal-purity\u002F\"\u003E 44 recognised tribes, \u003C\u002Fa\u003EKenya is also among the most ethnically diverse countries on Earth.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAlthough many numbers tell Kenya’s population story, its shifting demographics may be far deeper and more dynamic than the purely quantitative statistics that define them.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ENairobi-based photographer Tobin Jones, 32, set out to create a vibrant, nuanced representation of Kenya – his 100-image “photographic infographic” called ‘Demographica’ – which aims to put faces and stories to population statistics. Born in Botswana and raised in Malawi and Kenya, Jones has had a front-row seat for Kenya’s massive population changes over the last three decades.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"infographic","imageAlignment":"centre","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190924-kenyas-changing-population-captured-in-100-photos-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p07p5rwz"],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190924-kenyas-changing-population-captured-in-100-photos-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003ESeeking an objective way to understand Sub-Saharan Africa’s evolving composition, Jones carved out the foundation for Demographica by sifting through pages of Kenyan population data and drilling down on four important components: age, urban versus rural location, tribal make-up and gender. On a 10-by-10 grid Jones began marking out boxes to represent the data he’d mined, and created what a scaled down, visual representation of Kenya’s population would look like.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EPacking his camera, a black backdrop and stool, Jones drove to all corners of Kenya to capture the subjects who accurately represented the demographics he’d identified, stopping at small villages and along winding roads to collect more complex demographic combinations. He offered each subject an explanation of his project and a copy of the photo in exchange for a portrait.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ECovering hundreds of miles and over 12 months, Jones tried to answer the question: what does Kenya look like in only 100 pictures?\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190924-kenyas-changing-population-captured-in-100-photos-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p07p464h"],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190924-kenyas-changing-population-captured-in-100-photos-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAge: Kenya’s youth boom\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EKenya, like many countries in Africa, is incredibly young. Kenya’s \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cia.gov\u002Flibrary\u002Fpublications\u002Fresources\u002Fthe-world-factbook\u002Fgeos\u002Fke.html\"\u003Emedian age is only 20\u003C\u002Fa\u003E and nearly three quarters of the population – 37.5 million people – is under 30, according to Bernard Onyango, a knowledge translation scientist at the African Institute for Development Policy.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“Kenya is such a young country and you don’t understand that until you see 100 photographs,” says Jones.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn his portraits, 59 feature people 24 years old or younger (representing 29.5 million people), and 34 feature people between 25 and 54 (17 million people). Only four feature people 55 to 64 (2 million people), and just three portraits are of subjects 65 or older (1.5 million people).\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESuch a young population puts incredible pressure on already overburdened government services like public schools, which are facing swelling enrolment and massive underfunding. And, eventually, the bulge student population will transition into the job market, where a surplus of workers could either lead to accelerated growth or an unemployment crisis.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E “I don’t want to use the words ‘ticking time bomb’, but it is certainly is a challenge,” says Bela Hovy, chief of the Migration Section, Population Division, Department of Economic and Social Affairs at the United Nations.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190924-kenyas-changing-population-captured-in-100-photos-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p07p466b"],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190924-kenyas-changing-population-captured-in-100-photos-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGender: equal, but not balanced\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn the Demographica series the number of men and women is split 50\u002F50, an even balance that will remain mostly steady across Kenya in the next several decades.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBut despite the equal population split, Kenya is still coping with challenges in equal rights across genders. For example, on average, men make \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.weforum.org\u002Freports\u002Fthe-global-gender-gap-report-2018%20\u002F\"\u003E55% more money\u003C\u002Fa\u003E than Kenyan women, according to the 2018 World Economic Forum Global Gender Gap Report. Similarly women only hold \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.africanliberty.org\u002F2019\u002F02\u002F27\u002Fkenya-is-refusing-to-have-more-women-in-parliament\u002F\"\u003E9%\u003C\u002Fa\u003E of all elected positions in Kenya and attempts to pass bills requiring more equal gender quotas have been \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fnews\u002Fworld-africa-46507685\"\u003Esnubbed by parliament.\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EDifferences like this will pose a problem for not only the growing number of young women as they seek opportunity, but also for Kenya’s future writ large. “We don’t get to tap into the full potential of our women and girls, and so more investment has to be made there,” says the African Institute for Development Policy’s Onyango.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190924-kenyas-changing-population-captured-in-100-photos-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p07p4677"],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190924-kenyas-changing-population-captured-in-100-photos-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EUrban versus rural: rapid urbanisation\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ERapid urbanisation is a hallmark of development across Africa. While about 74% – or 37 million – Kenyans still live in rural areas, more and more are migrating to densely populated cities in search of better employment and education opportunities.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn Demographica, only 26 images represent urban dwellers – about 13 million Kenyans. But change is coming: by 2050, the number of people in cities is expected to increase to nearly half the country’s population, according to the Population Division of the United Nations’ Department of Economic and Social Affairs.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EUrbanisation is a natural and necessary step to development, says the UN’s Hovy. However, managing resources and infrastructure planning may be a challenge. Onyango agrees crumbling infrastructure and poor planning will put incredible pressure on city services like water, sanitation and housing.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“The question isn’t whether [urbanisation is] happening or not – it’s happening,” says Hovy. “We have to make sure that it is happening in a way that is sustainable, planned, and that it’s not going to lead to unsustainable overpopulation.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190924-kenyas-changing-population-captured-in-100-photos-8"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p07p4637"],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190924-kenyas-changing-population-captured-in-100-photos-9"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ETribe: the disappearance of visual cues\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThere are 44 tribes in Kenya, but the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.knbs.or.ke\u002Fcategory\u002Fcensus-2009-summary-of-results\u002F\"\u003Emajority of the country belong to five\u003C\u002Fa\u003E: 17% Kikuyu, 14% Luhya, 10% Luo, 13% Kalenjin and 10% Kamba.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EKenya has long been divided by ethnicity, with society shaped along ethnic lines. These divisions have a deep colonial legacy in which tribes were pitted against each other for wealth and land. But they also still persist in society in other ways, such as modern politicians instigating divides to gain votes.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn the past, each tribe has had distinctive customs and culture, often distinguishable by their clothing, last name or the area in which they grew up. This is evident in art, such as Joy Adamson’s collection of paintings in Nairobi’s National Museum, which depict the traditional outfits of tribes in Kenya. Some show the white-painted faces of the Imenti tribe, ears stretched by heavy metal discs. Others feature Kuria warriors draped in muted sheepskin clothes, their feather headdresses curling outwards in all directions as if caught in a strong wind.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBut now most Kenyans have swapped their shúkà blankets and animal-skin cloaks for suit trousers and dress shoes, making their ethnic differences increasingly subtle. Of Jones’s 100 photographs, only a handful feature subjects in distinctive clothing, such as the intricate beading of the Maasai people or the long head-scarfs worn by Borana women. Most are dressed in plain shirts or light jackets, their tribes undefinable by appearance.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EMany of Demographica’s images reveal that the visual cues that once marked people as certain tribe members may be fading. “I want to show through photographs that it's really hard to know which tribe someone belongs to,” says Jones. “For most people you have absolutely no idea or clue.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190924-kenyas-changing-population-captured-in-100-photos-10"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p07p464t"],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190924-kenyas-changing-population-captured-in-100-photos-11"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EKenya’s booming future?\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIt may seem ironic in all of Kenya’s massive population growth, but the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.worldbank.org\u002Fen\u002Fnews\u002Fopinion\u002F2010\u002F04\u002F28\u002Fdemographic-transition-growth-kenya\"\u003Ebirth rate is actually falling.\u003C\u002Fa\u003E In 1978, women were having 8.1 children on average; in 2008, the number had dropped to 4.6. By 2050, that number is expected to decrease to 2.4 children.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBut while birth rates are expected to slow in coming years, the overall population of Africa will continue seeing massive growth, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.worldbank.org\u002Fen\u002Fnews\u002Fopinion\u002F2010\u002F04\u002F28\u002Fdemographic-transition-growth-kenya\"\u003Ereaching more than 2 billion people by 2050.\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIt’s a tall order to keep a country booming as its population swells. Without proper planning and investments in infrastructure and job creation, critics say that many of these 2 billion citizens will face immense challenges. Others believe that rapid urbanisation, cultural assimilation and careful family planning may offer hope to countries such as Kenya which are facing massive demographic shifts.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“[The future] may seem overwhelming, but let’s not forget the enormous progress that we’ve made,” says Hovy. “I would paint the demographic dividend as an opportunity, and we need to take advantage of that.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EDemographica is part of celebrating that progress. Its depiction of Kenya shows that ongoing shifts in age, gender, tribe and location may actually bridge the differences that once divided the country – or bring it closer together than before.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“What a project like this does is it kind of humanises statistics,” says Jones. “It’s a way of kind of coming to terms with reality and seeing how our world’s changing.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190924-kenyas-changing-population-captured-in-100-photos-12"}],"collection":["worklife\u002Fpremium-collection\u002Fgeneration-project"],"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2019-10-07T14:41:08Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","geolocation":null,"headlineLong":"Kenya's changing population captured in 100 photos","headlineShort":"Kenya's human 'infographic'","image":["p07p5rwn"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"","isSyndicated":true,"latitude":"","location":null,"longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":null,"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"worklife","promoAlignment":"right","promoAltText":"","promoImage":["p07qc454"],"relatedStories":null,"relatedTag":null,"summaryLong":"Can 100 images tell the stories of 50 million people? The ‘Demographica’ project aims to find out.","summaryShort":"Can 100 photos tell the stories of 50 million people?","tag":["tag\u002Fpopulation-paradox"],"creationDateTime":"2019-10-07T02:24:20.732149Z","entity":"article","guid":"beac1a23-5a23-4fc1-a0b6-04d64cc4914a","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190924-kenyas-changing-population-captured-in-100-photos","modifiedDateTime":"2019-10-07T14:19:50.372378Z","project":"worklife","slug":"20190924-kenyas-changing-population-captured-in-100-photos","cacheLastUpdated":1571107324413},"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190913-how-to-slow-down-the-worlds-fastest-shrinking-country":{"urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:article:worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190913-how-to-slow-down-the-worlds-fastest-shrinking-country","_id":"5d9db31db8bc804d7b879219","ambientVideo":null,"articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":["worklife\u002Fauthor\u002Fdenise-hruby"],"bodyIntro":"As Bulgaria’s steep population decline threatens the country, some natives are trying to give those who’ve left a reason to come back home.","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EOn a sunny morning at Sofia University, the largest university in Bulgaria, proud parents snapped photos of the recent graduates as they tossed their caps into the air. In just a few weeks, many of them will be hundreds, even thousands of kilometres away from their native Bulgaria seeking out the better opportunities, jobs and incomes awaiting them abroad.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAs natives of the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.irishtimes.com\u002Fnews\u002Fworld\u002Feurope\u002Frich-land-poor-land-the-eu-s-wealthiest-and-neediest-members-1.3658657\"\u003Epoorest member \u003C\u002Fa\u003Eof the European Union, Bulgarians have been leaving their home in droves, contributing to the world’s fastest population decline. Bulgaria’s population was around \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fec.europa.eu\u002Feurostat\u002Fen\u002Fweb\u002Fpopulation-demography-migration-projections\u002Fstatistics-illustrated\"\u003E9 million at the end of the 1980s\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, but it \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fpopulation.un.org\u002Fwpp\u002FPublications\u002FFiles\u002FWPP2019_Highlights.pdf\"\u003Efell \u003C\u002Fa\u003Eto fewer than 7 million in 2018, and is expected to fall below 6 million in 50 years. The UN Population Division projects that Bulgaria will lose 23% of its population by 2050 – a projection so high that the country is neck-and-neck with Lithuania for the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fpopulation.un.org\u002Fwpp\u002FPublications\u002FFiles\u002FWPP2019_Highlights.pdf\"\u003Efastest shrinking population\u003C\u002Fa\u003E in the world.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ELow birth rates are the biggest factor for such steep decline. But what sets Bulgaria apart from other declining European countries is its massive outbound migration.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe government does not keep reliable statistics but some economists, including Cvetan Davidkov, estimate that at least 60,000 Bulgarians leave each year. And even that estimate may be low, given that Germany alone says it welcomed \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bamf.de\u002FSharedDocs\u002FProjekte\u002FDE\u002FDasBAMF\u002FForschung\u002FMigration\u002Fmigrationsbericht.html\"\u003E30,000 new \u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bamf.de\u002FSharedDocs\u002FProjekte\u002FDE\u002FDasBAMF\u002FForschung\u002FMigration\u002Fmigrationsbericht.html\"\u003EBulgarian residents\u003C\u002Fa\u003E in 2017.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“The [population] prognosis isn’t optimistic, and that is a big problem for us,” says Davidkov, a professor at the faculty of economics at Sofia University. The brain drain, he says, affects all sectors of the economy as the majority of Bulgarians – from doctors to construction workers – believe that better opportunities await abroad. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"infographic","imageAlignment":"centre","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190913-how-to-slow-down-the-worlds-fastest-shrinking-country-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p07n89n2"],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190913-how-to-slow-down-the-worlds-fastest-shrinking-country-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAgents of change\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESome Bulgarians are working hard to change the tide of population decline, starting programmes and initiatives to keep residents at home.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAnthony Hristov, 58, is among them. As an art director for Pixar in the US, Hristov worked on Finding Nemo and Wall-E, then returned to Bulgaria aiming to help his native home. He believes that strong education, job opportunities and higher incomes could reverse the trends of migration.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ELast year, he moved back to Sofia to start Arc Academy, a tertiary school for digital creative professions, such as gaming and animated movie design. The school, Hristov says, is his contribution to enable young, talented Bulgarians to get an education on a par with – or even better than in – other EU countries.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“We are losing a lot of young people, which means a serious shortage of talent. There would be a lot [of youth], but they take opportunities abroad, where education and jobs are better,” he says.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190913-how-to-slow-down-the-worlds-fastest-shrinking-country-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"For most, it’s better to have a bad job abroad than a good one here – Cvetan Davidkov","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190913-how-to-slow-down-the-worlds-fastest-shrinking-country-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EArc Academy will start its first year in October, and Hristov says that some of the 80 newly enrolled students wrote in their application letters that they, too, had intended to leave Bulgaria to study and eventually work abroad, and were excited to see a school open that would enable them to stay close to home.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EStill, even if schools like Hristov’s encourage young Bulgarians to stay for their education, the population may still take a hit: young people may still move abroad afterwards to find better-paying jobs. At $320, the minimum wage in this former Soviet bloc country is lower than in any other EU member state. And although \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fec.europa.eu\u002Finfo\u002Fbusiness-economy-euro\u002Feconomic-performance-and-forecasts\u002Feconomic-performance-country\u002Fbulgaria\u002Feconomic-forecast-bulgaria_en\"\u003EGDP grew by 3.1% last year\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, and is projected to grow 3.3% this year, the country’s \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftradingeconomics.com\u002Fbulgaria\u002Funemployment-rate\"\u003Eunemployment rate\u003C\u002Fa\u003E was 5.3% as of July.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAs Davidkov points out, even highly skilled professionals often leave, knowing they can make more money abroad doing work that requires fewer skills and less education. “For most, it’s better to have a bad job abroad than a good one here,” he says.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe ability to work, reside and travel openly throughout the European Union has also been a significant factor in Bulgarian population decline. In Germany, the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fde.statista.com\u002Fstatistik\u002Fdaten\u002Fstudie\u002F188776\u002Fumfrage\u002Fbruttoinlandsprodukt-bip-in-den-eu-laendern\u002F\"\u003Ebloc’s largest economy\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, the number of newly-arrived Bulgarians \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bamf.de\u002FSharedDocs\u002FAnlagen\u002FDE\u002FPublikationen\u002FMigrationsberichte\u002Fmigrationsbericht-2016-2017.html;jsessionid=456D20E7D055CCDC635350FFB6AC7750.1_cid294?nn=1362958\"\u003Ejumped from 8,000 in 2006\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, the year before Bulgaria joined the EU, to 20,000 the year after.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EHristov believes Bulgaria’s economy is now facing a chicken-and-egg problem: do job opportunities need to exist in order to attract and create talent in the first place, or will local and global companies create these jobs once talented, skilled workers can be found?\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190913-how-to-slow-down-the-worlds-fastest-shrinking-country-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p07n89k6"],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190913-how-to-slow-down-the-worlds-fastest-shrinking-country-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAn undeserved reputation?\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBulgaria doesn’t deserve its poor reputation among its own population, says Hristo Boyadzhiev, 33. A returnee to Bulgaria himself, Boyadzhiev is the co-founder of not-for-profit Tuk Tam, an organisation that coordinates job fairs for returnees, provides scholarships and tries to disseminate positive news about the country’s development. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“If you live in Britain or somewhere, chances are the headline that is going to come to you isn’t that a big company has 1,000 new jobs in Varna, but maybe that swine flu broke out,” says Boyadzhiev.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EHe adds that many of the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fosis.bg\u002F?p=2595&lang=en\"\u003E1.1 million Bulgarians estimated to live abroad \u003C\u002Fa\u003Eare held back from returning due to uncertainty over what their lives will look like, and whether they’ll be able to find decent jobs. “We are not in the business of returning people to Bulgaria, but we want to give them the information they need to make that decision themselves,” he says.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ETuk Tam can’t quantifiably trace how many people it has caused to return home, but Boyadzhiev says that he’s encouraged by the 200,000 Bulgarians they reach through social media, and the many emails he gets from people who say that they’d been contemplating a return home.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“They write to us to say, ‘You guys pushed me over the edge’,” he says.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190913-how-to-slow-down-the-worlds-fastest-shrinking-country-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"They had the dream of living abroad, and they lived that dream. Now I want them to live the Bulgarian dream – Petya Kertikova","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190913-how-to-slow-down-the-worlds-fastest-shrinking-country-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ESpotlighting the ‘returnees’\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAs Bulgarians return, Petya Kertikova is shining a spotlight on them.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe 30-year-old is the creator and host of the show The Returnees, which runs on private broadcaster Bulgaria on Air. The Returnees highlights the success stories of Bulgarians of all ages who used to live abroad but have now returned home. So far Kertikova has featured more than 70 professionals, including doctors, engineers, entrepreneurs, managers, artists and IT experts. Their success stories, she hopes, will inspire others.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“This group of people who return are so important to our country. Their experience and their new perspectives are so important for the economy, and will drive our country forward,” she says.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190913-how-to-slow-down-the-worlds-fastest-shrinking-country-8"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p07n89dw"],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190913-how-to-slow-down-the-worlds-fastest-shrinking-country-9"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EAlthough she says that many come back to Bulgaria out of homesickness, many returnees also wish to contribute to their nation’s development. In interviewing them, Kertikova says she’s able to highlight that returning is possible, and take away the uncertainty of what awaits Bulgarians who decide to do so.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn this sense, Kertikova says, she often feels like she’s interviewing herself: she, too, returned two years ago after working in Chicago as a TV presenter for a small Bulgarian-language station. During a visit home over Christmas, she saw improvements in Bulgarian quality of life which sparked her desire to go back. Once she’d left Chicago for Sofia, Kertikova says, she saw others like her, and came up with the idea for The Returnees because she wanted to give them a voice.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EMost Bulgarians living abroad only understand their homeland’s positive changes when they see it for themselves, she says. Such was the case for a mid-level manager she featured on The Returnees, who visited home just to be part of a wedding party, but was so astounded by the new Bulgaria that he cancelled his flight back to the US.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“They had the dream of living abroad, and they lived that dream,” Kertikova says. “Now I want them to live the Bulgarian dream.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190913-how-to-slow-down-the-worlds-fastest-shrinking-country-10"}],"collection":["worklife\u002Fpremium-collection\u002Fgeneration-project"],"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2019-09-30T14:37:26Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","geolocation":null,"headlineLong":"How to slow down the world’s fastest-shrinking country","headlineShort":"Stopping the fastest-shrinking country","image":["p07n89dn"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"","isSyndicated":false,"latitude":"","location":null,"longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":null,"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"worklife","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":null,"relatedStories":["worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190730-older-generations-look-at-us-and-say-were-lost","worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190910-the-major-cities-being-designed-for-adults-not-families","worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190903-the-married-couples-in-hong-kong-who-live-apar"],"relatedTag":null,"summaryLong":"As Bulgaria’s steep population decline threatens the country, some natives are trying to give those who’ve left a reason to come back home.","summaryShort":"Why Bulgarians are pushing to recruit ‘returnees’","tag":["tag\u002Fpopulation-paradox"],"creationDateTime":"2019-09-30T02:32:43.124444Z","entity":"article","guid":"781ea2a3-caef-480f-9528-77b24d7ca8b2","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190913-how-to-slow-down-the-worlds-fastest-shrinking-country","modifiedDateTime":"2019-10-01T17:44:51.462968Z","project":"worklife","slug":"20190913-how-to-slow-down-the-worlds-fastest-shrinking-country","cacheLastUpdated":1571107324420},"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190920-the-couples-reconsidering-kids-because-of-climate-change":{"urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:article:worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190920-the-couples-reconsidering-kids-because-of-climate-change","_id":"5d9db31db8bc804d7b8793e6","ambientVideo":null,"articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":["worklife\u002Fauthor\u002Fted-scheinman"],"bodyIntro":"In the age of climate crisis, childbearing has become a fraught question for couples around the globe.","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EBrandalyn Bickner grew up convinced she would become the mother of 13 children. Raised in a Catholic family in Wauconda, a suburb of Chicago in the US state of Illinois, Bickner nurtured this vision through Catholic middle and high school; even after university she still figured she’d have a large family, though her ambitions had grown more modest – perhaps just four or five kids.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThen, at 23, she joined the Peace Corps in Malawi, and began seeing reasons to revise her plan.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“In Malawi for four years, I got to see quite a bit of the impacts of climate change on a country that is largely subsistence farmers,” says Bickner. She saw up close how changing weather patterns increasingly dictated whether or not her neighbours and friends would be able to eat – and she found herself feeling guilty over America’s carbon-intensive way of life. “I wanted to support policies that will help, but also wanted to see what I could do on a personal level.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBickner, now 28, quickly recognised that having a child in America – let alone four, five or 13 – would be the single most carbon-intensive choice she could make. In the developed world the carbon footprint of a child is roughly \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fiopscience.iop.org\u002Farticle\u002F10.1088\u002F1748-9326\u002Faa7541\"\u003E58.6 metric tonnes annually\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, whereas that of a Malawian child has consistently been estimated between \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftradingeconomics.com\u002Fmalawi\u002Fco2-emissions-metric-tons-per-capita-wb-data.html\"\u003E0.07\u003C\u002Fa\u003E and \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fknoema.com\u002Fatlas\u002FMalawi\u002FCO2-emissions-per-capita\"\u003E0.1\u003C\u002Fa\u003E metric tonnes annually.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWhile working in Malawi, and struggling with these personal questions, Bickner was also building a relationship with fellow Peace Corps member Chase Morgan. They started dating a year into their service, and now live together in Washington, DC. Bickner works as a public affairs specialist at a federal agency and Morgan works for an international development agency for energy infrastructure.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"infographic","imageAlignment":"centre","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190920-the-couples-reconsidering-kids-because-of-climate-change-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p07nt0sx"],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190920-the-couples-reconsidering-kids-because-of-climate-change-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EBoth sets of their parents have been warned not to expect grandchildren. “We’ve come to this decision on a personal basis,” says Morgan, 30, who shares Bickner’s views on birth. “I wanted to mitigate my own carbon footprint and my own impact as much as I could.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“It makes me happy knowing that maybe I can do something to help people like my friends and my neighbours in Malawi,” Bickner adds.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EShe and Morgan are part of an emerging generational movement linking climate change to its impact on personal reproductive choices. As people factor climate concerns into future plans, the decision to have a family is becoming increasingly fraught for some: with the way things are going on Earth, how many children is it responsible to have? \u003Cem\u003EShould\u003C\u002Fem\u003E you even have kids at all?\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EA deep-seated anxiety\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAs birth rates fall in the US, socioeconomic factors are still the dominant drivers of that decline. Yet there’s mounting evidence that climate is becoming a consideration for some couples when they think about having a family.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EA 2019 \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.businessinsider.com\u002Fmillennials-americans-worry-about-kids-children-climate-change-poll-2019-3\"\u003Epoll\u003C\u002Fa\u003E by Business Insider reported that almost 38% of Americans aged 18 to 29 believe that couples should consider climate change when deciding to have children. A \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002F2018\u002F07\u002F05\u002Fupshot\u002Famericans-are-having-fewer-babies-they-told-us-why.html\"\u003Epoll\u003C\u002Fa\u003E the previous year in the New York Times showed that a third of American men and women aged 20 to 45 cited climate change as a factor in their decision to have fewer children.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190920-the-couples-reconsidering-kids-because-of-climate-change-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"A third of American men and women aged 20 to 45 cited climate change as a factor in their decision to have fewer children","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190920-the-couples-reconsidering-kids-because-of-climate-change-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EMatthew Schneider-Mayerson, assistant professor of Environmental Studies at Yale-NUS College in Singapore, recently conducted a detailed survey of 901 adults around the world, aged 27 to 60, who said they were “connecting climate change to their reproductive choices”; these included people who were “parents, planning to have children, undecided, or committed to being childfree”.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“Many young, climate-concerned people are experiencing real anguish about this decision,” Schneider-Mayerson says of his findings. “While concerns about the carbon footprint of procreation tend to be abstract, anxiety about children being able to lead a good life in a climate-changed future is extremely emotional and deep.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWithout immediate response to climate change, he says, the number of people who are concerned about their children’s future – and will factor climate concerns into their reproductive choices – will grow.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190920-the-couples-reconsidering-kids-because-of-climate-change-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p07nt0kh"],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190920-the-couples-reconsidering-kids-because-of-climate-change-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EPolicy, not population\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBut is the number of births the right thing to focus on? There is persuasive research that suggesting that even quite-draconian top-down population control would do little to slow the growth of the Earth’s population, or to mitigate climate change.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBetsy Hartmann, professor emerita of development studies at Hampshire College in Massachusetts, and author of The America Syndrome: Apocalypse, War, and Our Call to Greatness, agrees.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“Birth rates are already declining around the globe, with average family size around 2.5 children. In the few places where birth rates remain relatively high, such as in countries in sub-Saharan Africa, per capita carbon emissions are among the lowest in the world. … Instead of focusing on women’s reproduction, the urgent challenge of climate change requires tackling the real culprits such as fossil fuel companies and the powerful political and military interests who support them.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESimilarly, a 2017 \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Fpmc\u002Farticles\u002FPMC4246304\u002F\"\u003Estudy\u003C\u002Fa\u003E published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences modelled various anti-natalist policies and their outcomes, including a global one-child policy, and found that “even a rapid transition to a worldwide one-child policy leads to a population similar to today’s by 2100”. The authors conclude that policies and technology that limit resource consumption would make a far greater, more immediate impact.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190920-the-couples-reconsidering-kids-because-of-climate-change-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"The future is so incredibly uncertain… that it’s really terrifying to contemplate the prospect of kids you have or kids you might have – Meghan Kallman","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190920-the-couples-reconsidering-kids-because-of-climate-change-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EThis is precisely why many of the organisations that have sprung up to address the link between procreation and climate are focused on enacting policy changes to lower global emissions, and not on population control.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ETwo such organisations, Conceivable Future and BirthStrike, argue that concerns around climate are constraining reproductive choices of climate-conscious young people. These groups encourage people all over the world to share their stories of reproductive uncertainty, and seek to mobilise a generation of would-be parents to push for climate action by advocating for the right to make reproductive choices in a world less beset by environmental disaster.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“The challenges facing people that we’ve heard run the spectrum from, ‘What harm will my child do to the world?’, to, ‘What sort of harm will a hotter and more violent, less stable world do to my child?’,” says Meghan Kallman, co-founder of Conceivable Future. “The future is so incredibly uncertain… that it’s really terrifying to contemplate the prospect of kids you have or kids you might have.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ELaunched at the end of 2014, Conceivable Future hosts a \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fconceivablefuture.org\u002Ftestify\"\u003Ewebsite\u003C\u002Fa\u003E where people around the world can offer testimonials about their concerns over climate and parenting. The organisation also hosts house parties around the world for interested people — parents and non-parents alike — to discuss their concerns. Co-founder Josephine Ferorelli refers to these parties as “an open-source tool that people can use to have this conversation in their own communities”, and estimates that Conceivable Future has hosted or facilitated around 50 such meet-ups over the past few years.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe point isn’t to be prescriptive, but to facilitate dialogue. “The end goal isn’t more kids or fewer kids or anything like that,” Kallman says, “the end goal is a healthier world where we can all make decisions that are healthy for us.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190920-the-couples-reconsidering-kids-because-of-climate-change-8"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p07pr8pg"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageCaption":"Blythe Pepino founded BirthStrike, an organisation in which most members have declared intent to be child-free until the future of the planet is improved (Credit: Kay Michael)","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190920-the-couples-reconsidering-kids-because-of-climate-change-9"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EUK-based \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fbirthstrike.tumblr.com\"\u003EBirthStrike\u003C\u002Fa\u003E shares the goal of shifting the focus from population to carbon divestment and related policy action. Blythe Pepino, an activist and musician who founded BirthStrike at the end of 2018, says the group aims to push governments and corporations to drastically lower emissions while offering better humanitarian support to would-be mothers by “raising our voices about our decision and using that unusual decision to create that pressure”.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBirthStrike’s goal is staunchly not population-focused, but rather to mobilise people around climate by focusing on the deeply personal choice of procreation. Most members of the organisation have declared their intent to be child-free until the future of the planet is more promising.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWhat happens next?\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn all of the haze of the future, it’s clear that for many couples there’s no easy answer about whether or not to have children. Conceivable Future’s Ferorelli agrees: “We are trying to help people come together and start talking with other people because it’s only by coming together that anything resembling a solution begins to arise,” she says.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EEven many of the people engaged in these conversations – with global groups or on their own – are stopping short of taking an absolute position on having kids.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBirthStrike founder Pepino, now 33, says that in her 20s she’d been thinking about going childless, but adds that things are different now.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190920-the-couples-reconsidering-kids-because-of-climate-change-10"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"I feel content with our decision to forgo bringing more humans into the world – Brandalyn Bickner","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190920-the-couples-reconsidering-kids-because-of-climate-change-11"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E“I did a full swing on that when I met my partner,” Pepino says. The couple is now likely to have children, she says, but may adopt since Pepino wouldn’t have a biological child until the world sees “true decarbonisation, which would have to go hand in hand with de-growth [and] the reduction of consumption and extraction and destruction of natural habitats”.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EStill she says of the decision to have kids, “I would lie if I said that it wasn’t up and down for me”.\u003Cspan\u003E \u003Cbr \u002F\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBickner and Morgan are in a similar position. “We’re both open to fostering and possibly adoption in the future under the right circumstances,” says Bickner, “but I feel content with our decision to forgo bringing more humans into the world.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190920-the-couples-reconsidering-kids-because-of-climate-change-12"}],"collection":["worklife\u002Fpremium-collection\u002Fgeneration-project"],"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2019-10-01T15:48:37Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","geolocation":null,"headlineLong":"The couples rethinking kids because of climate change","headlineShort":"Child-free because of climate fears","image":["p07nt0xs"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"","isSyndicated":false,"latitude":"","location":null,"longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":null,"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"worklife","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":null,"relatedStories":["worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190913-how-to-slow-down-the-worlds-fastest-shrinking-country","worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190925-the-holiday-paradise-going-green-amid-a-tourist-boom","worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190826-the-child-free-couples-who-treat-their-pets-like-children"],"relatedTag":null,"summaryLong":"In the age of climate crisis, childbearing has become a fraught question for couples around the globe.","summaryShort":"In the age of climate change, childbearing is a fraught question for some","tag":["tag\u002Fpopulation-paradox"],"creationDateTime":"2019-09-30T19:40:35.059704Z","entity":"article","guid":"c639cbd8-af64-49cd-af71-8e841e951d97","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190920-the-couples-reconsidering-kids-because-of-climate-change","modifiedDateTime":"2019-10-01T17:45:57.694812Z","project":"worklife","slug":"20190920-the-couples-reconsidering-kids-because-of-climate-change","cacheLastUpdated":1571107324419},"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190910-the-major-cities-being-designed-for-adults-not-families":{"urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:article:worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190910-the-major-cities-being-designed-for-adults-not-families","_id":"5d9db31db8bc804d7b87916f","ambientVideo":null,"articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":["worklife\u002Fauthor\u002Fchristine-ro"],"bodyIntro":"Local officials often have a short-term interest in designing cities for high-spending adults, not families.","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E“I was never a country person. I always thought that I would live in the city for my whole life,” Jennifer Weedon Palazzo, 42, says from her rural home in the US state of Massachusetts. Occasionally, the cofounder of mum-centric comedy video site MomCave is interrupted by her four-year-old daughter requesting a peanut-butter-and-jelly sandwich.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EFor 15 years, Palazzo lived in a rent-controlled New York City apartment with her husband Evan and, eventually, their son (now aged nine). Even though all three shared a one-bedroom space, with their son’s bed about a foot away from his parents’, Palazzo was determined to stay in Manhattan. As an actor and occasional shoe model, her opportunities were mainly in the city.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBut once the rent-control period ended, it no longer made financial sense for the family to stay. It wasn’t just that the rent had nearly tripled. The couple couldn’t afford many things including a permanent parking space for their car, which was essential for driving their son around; they’d sometimes drive in circles for two hours hunting for street parking.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThey had also begun trying for a second child, so space was increasingly a concern. Looking at other homes, “we were just getting tiny places that were further and further away”, with little access to outdoor space.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"infographic","imageAlignment":"centre","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190910-the-major-cities-being-designed-for-adults-not-families-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p07mz5ht"],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190910-the-major-cities-being-designed-for-adults-not-families-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EAfter some heavy spread-sheeting and budgeting, the couple decided to leave the city. Palazzo pivoted by focusing less on acting and doing more remote-friendly creative work like video editing; Evan is a jazz musician whose profession travels more easily. She is surprised by how happy she is living in the country, and seeing how well her kids have adapted. At first her son could barely climb monkey bars; now, he springs up trees.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EStill, despite liking her new lifestyle, she is a city lover at heart – and plenty of families like hers are finding city centres less and less viable for them.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190910-the-major-cities-being-designed-for-adults-not-families-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EThe decline of children in ‘winner-take-all’ cities\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EInfluential, ‘winner-takes-all’ cities are increasingly attracting high-earning, over-working professionals who don’t have the time, money or interest to start families.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EUnited States Census analysis shows that in high-density American cities, rich, white, child-free college graduates are \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.theatlantic.com\u002Fideas\u002Farchive\u002F2019\u002F07\u002Fwhere-have-all-the-children-gone\u002F594133\u002F\"\u003Ethe fastest-growing demographic\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. For example, painfully expensive, start-up-centric San Francisco has \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002F2017\u002F01\u002F21\u002Fus\u002Fsan-francisco-children.html\"\u003Ethe smallest proportion of children\u003C\u002Fa\u003E (13%) among the 100 largest cities in the US, nearly half of the nationwide average of 23%. Its proportion of children has almost halved since 1970.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThere are plenty of reasons for the overall decline of children in large cities, including the fact that residents of many nations, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fqz.com\u002F1099800\u002Faverage-size-of-a-us-family-from-1850-to-the-present\u002F\"\u003Eincluding Americans\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, are having fewer kids in general.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190910-the-major-cities-being-designed-for-adults-not-families-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"Some Finnish cities are shutting down playgrounds so that they don’t have to make the investments needed to meet the latest safety standards","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190910-the-major-cities-being-designed-for-adults-not-families-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EMichael Seman, who researches arts management and urban planning at Colorado State University, points to other factors including “immigrants choosing the suburbs over the city core, and the continuing choice for young urban families to opt for the suburbs due to higher-performing schools, larger homes and more flexible work options”.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ECrucial among these is affordability – or lack thereof, what Seman calls “robustly increasing real estate valuations”. Lia Karsten, a researcher of urban geography and families at the University of Amsterdam, says that families started leaving inner cities in large numbers again as recently as two or three years ago. (There were exceptions, for instance, in Berlin and certain neighbourhoods in Paris.) This time they weren’t choosing to because of an idyllic suburban vision, but rather because they could no longer afford to stay.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EThe cost of being child-friendly\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIt may seem that a city’s affordability for families is just a matter of market forces. Yet specific policies shape whether or not city life is within reach.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190910-the-major-cities-being-designed-for-adults-not-families-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p07mz5gq"],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190910-the-major-cities-being-designed-for-adults-not-families-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EAlthough it’s difficult to pinpoint exactly how much a family costs a city, it’s generally more than single- or child-free citizens. Some city officials argue that it makes more economic sense to prioritise citizens without children, who bring a net economic gain to a city, over families, who bring a net loss. After all, kids don’t make big purchases or pay taxes on their own, and schools can be \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.washingtonpost.com\u002Fnews\u002Fstoryline\u002Fwp\u002F2014\u002F08\u002F19\u002Fits-hard-to-build-cities-for-kids-but-do-they-really-need-them\u002F\"\u003Ethe biggest expense for local governments\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn the US, closures of public schools are one effect of gentrification. A telling example from Philadelphia is of a \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.alternet.org\u002F2016\u002F04\u002Fdevastating-impact-school-closures-students-and-communities\u002F\"\u003Etechnical high school being shuttered\u003C\u002Fa\u003E and turned into a high-end pop-up restaurant. Likewise, some Finnish cities are \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fhowwegettonext.com\u002Fthe-world-has-a-playground-deficit-8f6678ebc83c\"\u003Eshutting down playgrounds\u003C\u002Fa\u003E so that they don’t have to make the investments needed to meet the latest safety standards.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAccessible housing is also key to enabling families to subsist in cities, yet many bigger cities lack affordable multi-bedroom homes. It’s been estimated that \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.governing.com\u002Ftopics\u002Furban\u002Fgov-urban-affordable-housing-families.html\"\u003Ejust 5% of market-rate homes for rent\u003C\u002Fa\u003E in large US cities have at least three bedrooms – and in places such as Los Angeles, most \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.governing.com\u002Ftopics\u002Furban\u002Fgov-urban-affordable-housing-families.html\"\u003Emedian-earning households\u003C\u002Fa\u003E can’t afford the multi-bedroom homes available. Even in cities with more family-suitable homes, such as Amsterdam, the properties are often subdivided into individual units for rent to singletons and the child-free (a controversial practice known in Dutch as ‘verkamering’). This is lucrative for developers and landlords, who can earn more from additional housing units squeezed into the same space.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EOne way that Amsterdam has responded to the space crunch is by building high-rise towers. But Karsten, who has lived in Amsterdam’s Middenmeer neighbourhood with her family for decades, argues that a high-rise is often not very family-friendly. Her research shows that even in Hong Kong, where it’s common for families to live in tall buildings, families complain about these structures, which have less noise insulation and outdoor space than detached homes.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThis doesn’t mean that high-rises can never work for families. \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.theguardian.com\u002Fhousing-network\u002F2013\u002Fsep\u002F30\u002Fsuccessful-high-rise-gardens-streets\"\u003ESome residential towers in Singapore\u003C\u002Fa\u003E boast kid-friendly play areas and rooftop gardens, suggesting that there’s room to think creatively about different kinds of housing arrangements.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EKarsten acknowledges the limited research in this area as well as the difficulties of meeting diverse housing needs within a large city. “It’s very easy actually to build or to provide housing for single adults. They can survive everywhere,” she says, “while it is much more challenging to make neighbourhoods and housing family-friendly and accessible for children.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESome cities are bucking the trends, however. \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fvancouver.ca\u002Fpeople-programs\u002Fhousing-options-for-families.aspx#targetText=A%20minimum%20of%2010%25%20three,of%2025%25%20two%2Dbedroom%20units\"\u003EVancouver requires a certain proportion\u003C\u002Fa\u003E of new housing developments to include multi-bedroom units. \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Frethinkingchildhood.com\u002F2018\u002F04\u002F26\u002Frotterdam-child-friendly-city-urban-planning-gentrification\u002F\"\u003ERotterdam has been praised\u003C\u002Fa\u003E for widening pavements and establishing more family-friendly housing. But these policies are far from universal.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190910-the-major-cities-being-designed-for-adults-not-families-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p07mz5l7"],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190910-the-major-cities-being-designed-for-adults-not-families-8"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWho can actually thrive?\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAs ever, the wealthy are somewhat insulated from a lack of support for families. City centres have different concentrations of amenities catering to families and children, but they may not be affordable for all.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EPalazzo observed that ethnically diverse Manhattan had become less and less economically diverse over the 15 years she’d lived there – and, subsequently, less accessible. Now, she says, “there are a lot of businesses catering to children, but they’re expensive”.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIt’s telling that the families that do remain in San Francisco tend to be affluent, with \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002F2017\u002F01\u002F21\u002Fus\u002Fsan-francisco-children.html\"\u003E30% of their kids attending private school\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. As the movements of middle-class families often are about going where the high-quality schools are, San Francisco’s ‘yupps’ (young urban professional parents) can afford to stay in place and take advantage of private services.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190910-the-major-cities-being-designed-for-adults-not-families-9"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"Some city officials argue that it makes more economic sense to prioritise citizens without children, who bring a net economic gain to a city","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190910-the-major-cities-being-designed-for-adults-not-families-10"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003ESome residents also \u003Cem\u003Ewant\u003C\u002Fem\u003E to keep things adult-only. Amy Beins, 32, and her husband, who both left Seattle recently, love child-free spaces. Beins is not anti-kids, and also wants safe streets, parks and nice homes just like families do. But she says she “would likely pay extra to live in a child-free apartment community than one with children”.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ECreating adult-centric spaces for \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fworklife\u002Farticle\u002F20170814-how-to-say-no-at-work-when-you-dont-have-kids\"\u003Eadults like Beins\u003C\u002Fa\u003E is smart business for many trend-setting cities, which are seeing a flowering of shops and industries that provide a dazzling array of leisure options. Think escape rooms instead of soft play centres; video-game bars instead of arcades; and doggy day cares instead of the kiddie kind.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBut although it’s good business to cater to young singles, cities need to \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fs3.amazonaws.com\u002Fmildredwarner.org\u002Fattachments\u002F000\u002F000\u002F175\u002Foriginal\u002F7520b55f4bdb242b75aff5a8f40016f2\"\u003Esupport young workforces and intergenerational relationships\u003C\u002Fa\u003E if they want to thrive long term.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EFor instance, cramped, short-stay housing is suitable for students and transient people, but doesn’t incentivise residents to stick around and make lasting improvements to their neighbourhoods – or pay taxes and spend money in cities. In fact, US cities with families \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fs3.amazonaws.com\u002Fmildredwarner.org\u002Fattachments\u002F000\u002F000\u002F175\u002Foriginal\u002F7520b55f4bdb242b75aff5a8f40016f2\"\u003Eenjoy higher economic growth\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. One reason is that they have a more solid long-term economic foundation than fickle industries catering to young singles.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAnother less tangible benefit is what Karsten calls “roots and remembering”, or the value of having residents rooted in a city, who grew up there and can tell the story of its change over time. This brings other gains, too; in a \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ifa-fiv.org\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2015\u002F03\u002F1-Family-Friendly-Communities.pdf\"\u003E2008 survey of US planners\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, 90% agreed that communities who kept residents for the whole life cycle were more vibrant.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EGains in women’s empowerment may also be reversed if families are forced back to the suburbs. “For many women and children alike, movement to the suburbs would mean that they fall back again to some form of traditional diffusion of tasks,” Karsten argues. This is because many \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com\u002Fdoi\u002Fabs\u002F10.1111\u002Ftesg.12055\"\u003Ewomen’s rise in the workforce\u003C\u002Fa\u003E through the mid-1990s was partly made possible by returning to denser cities for convenience. But it may be harder to be a working parent if more time must be spent travelling to school, work and other necessary locations. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESo, yes, it’s challenging to plan a city that works for all of its inhabitants. But, in the end, it’s also critical for economic stability, for gender equality, and for all those harder-to-define qualities that make a city more than just a dormitory.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190910-the-major-cities-being-designed-for-adults-not-families-11"}],"collection":["worklife\u002Fpremium-collection\u002Fgeneration-project"],"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2019-09-17T19:05:55Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","geolocation":null,"headlineLong":"The major cities being designed without children in mind","headlineShort":"The family-unfriendly future of cities","image":["p07mz5gb"],"imageAlignment":"left","imageAltText":"","isSyndicated":true,"latitude":"","location":null,"longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":null,"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"worklife","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":["p07mz5gq"],"relatedStories":["worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190827-how-an-environmental-autobiography-shapes-your-perceptions","worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190828-the-retirees-who-room-with-refugees","worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190826-the-holiday-islands-where-locals-have-nowhere-to-live"],"relatedTag":null,"summaryLong":"Local officials often have a short-term interest in designing cities for high-spending adults, not families.","summaryShort":"Why some cities don’t mind that it’s too expensive for families to stay","tag":["tag\u002Fchanging-home"],"creationDateTime":"2019-09-16T19:46:46.747761Z","entity":"article","guid":"472e40f6-f62d-47b0-b6fc-851fc41a2e34","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190910-the-major-cities-being-designed-for-adults-not-families","modifiedDateTime":"2019-09-30T21:16:13.978153Z","project":"worklife","slug":"20190910-the-major-cities-being-designed-for-adults-not-families","cacheLastUpdated":1571107324429},"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191001-the-village-with-more-wolves-than-children":{"urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:article:worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191001-the-village-with-more-wolves-than-children","_id":"5d9db31db8bc804d7b8795e6","ambientVideo":null,"articleType":"video","assetVideo":["p07ptk7w"],"author":["worklife\u002Fauthor\u002Fanna-perez"],"bodyIntro":"With birth rates declining all over the EU, some rural outposts are finding their populations of youth dwindling.","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EJust 46 people live permanently in the remote Spanish village of Yernes y Tameza. As you might expect, the streets aren’t bustling – but especially not with children playing. Of the village’s 135 registered inhabitants (which includes those who visit occasionally), two-thirds are older than 50 and only 5% are younger than 20.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAs birth rates fall across the EU, few places are feeling the sting of population decline like these rural enclaves. The mountainous rural area where Yernes y Tameza is located has the lowest birth rate in Spain, which has the second-lowest birth rate in the EU. And young people who are born in these villages often don’t stay, seeking out better opportunities in cities.  \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“There’s only elderly people left, and youth… almost zero,” says one resident of Yernes y Tameza. “Nature is eating us up.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"infographic","imageAlignment":"centre","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191001-the-village-with-more-wolves-than-children-0"}],"collection":["worklife\u002Fpremium-collection\u002Fgeneration-project"],"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2019-10-04T07:00:00Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","geolocation":null,"headlineLong":"The village with more wolves than children","headlineShort":"'There’s only elderly people left'","image":["p07q41w5"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"","isSyndicated":true,"latitude":"","location":null,"longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":null,"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"worklife","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":null,"relatedStories":["worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190913-how-to-slow-down-the-worlds-fastest-shrinking-country","worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190920-the-couples-reconsidering-kids-because-of-climate-change","worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190910-the-major-cities-being-designed-for-adults-not-families"],"relatedTag":null,"summaryLong":"With birth rates declining all over the EU, rural outposts are finding their populations of youth dwindling.","summaryShort":"Why some EU villages have practically no kids","tag":["tag\u002Fpopulation-paradox"],"creationDateTime":"2019-10-02T20:35:46.297129Z","entity":"article","guid":"bf233f28-def0-4948-a0b1-0cc6682e60ce","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191001-the-village-with-more-wolves-than-children","modifiedDateTime":"2019-10-04T15:01:10.965057Z","project":"worklife","slug":"20191001-the-village-with-more-wolves-than-children","cacheLastUpdated":1571107324387},"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190730-older-generations-look-at-us-and-say-were-lost":{"urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:article:worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190730-older-generations-look-at-us-and-say-were-lost","_id":"5d9db31fb8bc804d7b87a229","ambientVideo":null,"articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":[],"bodyIntro":"Half of Kazakhstan is under 29, which means young people are the future more than ever. But can they make their voices heard in a country where old-world values still rule?","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EKazakh entrepreneur Zaure Rozmat still remembers the first time she hired a baby boomer. It was also her last. “In her eyes, everyone [in our office] was basically still kids,” Rozmat says. “When you hire an older person, they treat you as a young person: like you don’t know anything.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ERozmat, 28, is hardly the only person to feel discounted in Kazakhstan due to her age – it’s a common feeling among Kazakh youth. Despite owning a successful media company in Almaty, Rozmat often feels that some people – whether employees, clients or potential investors – refuse to take her seriously because she is a millennial.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThis adversity is one of the reasons why she launched her business in 2016. The Steppe is a magazine about – and run by – Kazakhstan’s young, creative class: educated urbanites rebuilding a country no longer forced to fit into its old post-Soviet mould. In a media landscape dominated almost entirely by traditional broadsheets and sensationalist tabloids, The Steppe was the first mainstream outlet to provide a place for Kazakhstan’s youth to make their voices heard.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"infographic","imageAlignment":"centre","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190730-older-generations-look-at-us-and-say-were-lost-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"There’s this tension and distance between generations. They’ll look at younger people and think, ‘What can they teach us?’– Zaure Rozmat","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190730-older-generations-look-at-us-and-say-were-lost-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E“At the beginning, we were the only media outlet covering young businesses and young people’s issues,” says Rozmat. “Some people were keen to question what we as young people could really achieve. Now, people are copying those ideas.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWith its glossy, aspirational feel and how-to guides, The Steppe is a platform that guides millennials on ways to carve out their own paths and celebrates those who have already made their mark. Rozmat wants these positive, youth-driven stories to start breaking down Kazakhstan’s traditional deference to older generations – something she believes is holding back young entrepreneurs.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“In our culture, we do respect our elders,” she says. “But [that means that] most of the time, they’ll consider no opinion except [their own].  There’s this tension and distance between generations. They’ll look at younger people and think, ‘What can they teach us?’ [But] our stories have attracted attention from older people. It’s got their respect.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190730-older-generations-look-at-us-and-say-were-lost-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"The Steppe","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190730-older-generations-look-at-us-and-say-were-lost-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E‘If they don’t get to choose, they lose out’\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAs in many former Soviet countries, Kazakhstan’s generations have grown up in very different environments. While baby boomers were born and raised under the socialist system, generation X came of age in the turbulent, post-Soviet collapse of the 1990s. Millennials and gen Z, meanwhile, have only known Kazakhstan as an independent state that has seen \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.worldbank.org\u002Fen\u002Fcountry\u002Fkazakhstan\u002Foverview\"\u003Erapid financial growth\u003C\u002Fa\u003E powered by ample oil reserves.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ENow, with \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fvoicesoncentralasia.org\u002Fnazarbayev-generation-kazakhstans-youth-national-identity-transformations-and-their-political-consequences\u002F\"\u003E51%\u003C\u002Fa\u003E of Kazakhstan’s population aged under 29, millennials are a significant bloc, many railing against some of the ingrained cultural values that have endured despite fast-paced transformation. Yet when Kazakhstan elected a new parliament \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.parlam.kz\u002Fen\u002Fhistory\"\u003Eback in 2016,\u003C\u002Fa\u003E just seven members were under 40. More than one fifth, meanwhile, were older than 60, pushing the average age of Kazakh MPs up to 55.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe focus on family values means that older voices generally ring loudest. Kazakhstan’s young people often feel compelled to follow their family’s plans for them, even if the last time their parents tackled the education or job market, it was in a country that simply no longer exists.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190730-older-generations-look-at-us-and-say-were-lost-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"With 51% of Kazakhstan’s population aged under 29, many millennials are railing against some of the ingrained cultural values that have endured","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190730-older-generations-look-at-us-and-say-were-lost-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E“I have one friend whose father chose everything for her, even her major,” says Rozmat. “After graduating, she followed his directions and went into the hotel industry. Honestly, I think it stops people from being as successful as they should be. Choosing something like university should be a way for people to do some critical thinking for themselves and their future. If they don’t get to choose, they lose out on that exercise.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ERuslan Abrayev was one of the millennials who landed the kind of career his parents had always dreamed of for him: leading different projects and departments at some of the Kazakhstan’s top universities.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“My parents saw stability as important,” says Abrayev. Now in their 70s, both his mother and father spent most of their working lives amid the rigid, pre-determined structures of Soviet Kazakhstan, only to see the economy collapse into disarray when they should have been nearing retirement. For them and many others, opening a business of their own was never even an option. “When it comes to entrepreneurship, they have no experience of it,” says Abrayev.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBut the 32-year-old saw greater opportunities elsewhere. He left his job after 10 years to form Educloud, a start-up he describes as “Uber for education and career development”. Ambitious young people can use the app to search and sign-up for different online and offline courses, then use a Tinder-style swipe system to get in touch with new employers.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190730-older-generations-look-at-us-and-say-were-lost-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Ruslan Abrayev","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190730-older-generations-look-at-us-and-say-were-lost-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EQuick and efficient, the app is designed to appeal to a generation who value their own time, says Abrayev. It also tackles real problems by bypassing the tedious, Soviet-style bureaucracy which still plagues Kazakhstan’s traditional schools. “[While working at the university], I saw students waste so much time trying to do basic tasks like getting their official transcripts,” he says. “With this app, there’s no paperwork you need to get together. Everything is finally online and in one place.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn general, Abrayev sees millennial entrepreneurship in Kazakhstan as “a must if we want to diversify Kazakhstan’s economy, which depends so much on the export of natural resources” – especially companies that open up opportunities to advance other millennials. \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fread.oecd-ilibrary.org\u002Femployment\u002Fsme-and-entrepreneurship-policy-in-kazakhstan-2018\u002Fsme-and-entrepreneurship-characteristics-and-performance-in-kazakhstan_9789264301450-6-en#page3\"\u003EIn 2018\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, three in 10 of Kazakhstan’s young people were already working for themselves, while the number of small and medium businesses continue to grow fast, rising by an average of 12% every year between 2002 and 2013.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EMany of these young businesses support and promote each other in the shadow of Kazakhstan’s slow-moving, state-controlled corporations.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“People around us like to create things. We want to be independent,” says Nasima Rozikova, who runs her company, Salem Sosed, in Almaty with sister Nafisa Rozikova. “Everyone we’re working with, even the waste disposal guy, is a young person running his own company. He’s passionate about what he does. And when you’re passionate, you get a response.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190730-older-generations-look-at-us-and-say-were-lost-8"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"Some people still aren’t ready for that change – but we try to explain that as a citizen, as a person, they deserve something better. They deserve the best – Nasima Rozikova","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190730-older-generations-look-at-us-and-say-were-lost-9"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003ETrading traditional Kazakh rigidity for a riskier, passion-driven future has paid off for the Rozikova sisters. They’ve successfully built a chain of convenience stores-cum-cafes, where health-conscious young Kazakhs choose from a pre-curated selection of fresh groceries. Instead of lining their shelves with an array of different brands – an enduring sign of wealth and wellbeing for the Kazakhs who saw the Soviet-era’s empty storefronts – they select only the very best labels to offer customers. They also try hard to work with and promote other Kazakh brands, a move that’s broken new ground in a country that has long been heavily dependent on imports.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThis shift to a more forward-thinking mindset isn’t just important to keep Kazakhstan’s economy in tune with modern trends, say the sisters. It also helps create a more positive Kazakhstan where young people aren’t afraid to demand more.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“Five years ago, people wouldn’t have chosen to buy more expensive milk just because we know the cow it came from,” says Nasima. “Some people still aren’t ready for that change – but we try to explain that as a citizen, as a person, they deserve something better. They deserve the best.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190730-older-generations-look-at-us-and-say-were-lost-10"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"The Steppe staff","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190730-older-generations-look-at-us-and-say-were-lost-11"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EThe guiding hand of elders\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAlthough Kazakh millennials feel detached from the values of their elders, some members of the older generation say that young workers shouldn’t be so fast to write off a guiding hand.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAigoul Kenjebayeva, managing partner for global law firm Dentons, was one of the first lawyers in Kazakhstan to specialise in commercial law. Although millennials may feel that they are the trailblazers of modern Kazakhstan, some have paved paths before them, including 63-year-old Kenjebayeva, who helped build the country from the ground up, guiding the new, independent government as it began to shape fresh legislation.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E “When I started out, I worked 16 hours a day,” says Kenjebayeva. “I just thought that was the way it should be. The government needed our help to negotiate contracts, and there weren’t so many trained lawyers to do it.” To cope, she hired two young graduates fresh from law school. Under her guidance, both grew and progressed: one is now her partner at the firm.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EKenjebayeva warns that it’s wrong for young Kazakhs to shrug off everything from the country’s socialist era as no longer relevant. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“There were a lot of bad things in the USSR,” she says, “but there were good things too. We had youth organisations where we were trained to socialise and organise. I learned how to make plans, how to hold a meeting, how to vote, how to take minutes. [Now] when our clients ask for help to organise things such as a shareholder meetings, young lawyers just don’t know where to start.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190730-older-generations-look-at-us-and-say-were-lost-12"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"Some people will say that young people are useless, but most believe that the youth is our future – Zaure Rozmat","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190730-older-generations-look-at-us-and-say-were-lost-13"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EMuch of the intergenerational anxiety in Kazakhstan comes not just from tensions over how to forge the future, but a tale as old as time: ultimately, elders are worried about how younger generations will navigate a changed world. Specifically, old Soviet ideals have been stripped away for good, leaving older people anxious and confused that their children have been left to a shallow, more materialistic world instead, says Rozmat. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBut she isn’t concerned about the future.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“[Older generations] look at us and they say we’re lost,” she says. “They used to believe in the Communist Party, in great ideas – but we’ve lost those things. Some people will say that young people are useless, but most believe that the youth is our future.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190730-older-generations-look-at-us-and-say-were-lost-14"}],"collection":[],"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2019-08-26T14:45:03Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","geolocation":null,"headlineLong":"Which generation owns Kazakstan’s future?","headlineShort":"The clash over Kazakhstan’s future","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"","isSyndicated":true,"latitude":"","location":null,"longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":null,"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"worklife","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":null,"relatedStories":[],"relatedTag":null,"summaryLong":"Half of Kazakhstan is under 29, which means young people are the future more than ever. But can they make their voices heard in a country where old-world values still rule?","summaryShort":"Half of Kazakhstan is under 29. Are older generations ready to listen?","tag":[],"creationDateTime":"2019-08-26T02:22:18.949311Z","entity":"article","guid":"ddf5bed1-5c50-4eb4-b4d0-1894beb1a1ec","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190730-older-generations-look-at-us-and-say-were-lost","modifiedDateTime":"2019-09-30T20:17:34.242127Z","project":"worklife","slug":"20190730-older-generations-look-at-us-and-say-were-lost","cacheLastUpdated":1571107324426},"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190903-the-married-couples-in-hong-kong-who-live-apar":{"urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:article:worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190903-the-married-couples-in-hong-kong-who-live-apar","_id":"5d9db31cb8bc804d7b879079","ambientVideo":null,"articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":["worklife\u002Fauthor\u002Fchermaine-lee-and-megumi-lim"],"bodyIntro":"Could you live an hour from your spouse? The disproportionately expensive housing market in Hong Kong is forcing families to live separately – with few remedies in sight.","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003ELam Lok and Jason Chau fell in love when they were working at Disneyland in the summer of 2012. He noticed her outgoing personality and she, his strong back. He asked her out to dinner. She said yes. Three years later, they got married and had a child. But, unlike their romance, their living arrangement is far from a fairy tale.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ELok, 31, lives with her parents in North Point, in Hong Kong Island’s Eastern District. It is more than an hour away from the island of Tsing Yi, where 35-year-old Chau lives with his parents. Their three-year-old daughter, Yu, spends Monday to Thursday with Lok and the weekend at Chau’s. They can’t move in together in one of their family homes, Lok says, because the bedroom space is simply too small for two adults and a child.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"infographic","imageAlignment":"centre","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190903-the-married-couples-in-hong-kong-who-live-apar-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"We sometimes have doubts about the marriage because living apart makes us feel like we are still single – Lam Lok","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190903-the-married-couples-in-hong-kong-who-live-apar-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E“I couldn’t bear it at the beginning. We sometimes have doubts about the marriage because living apart makes us feel like we are still single,” Lok says. “It took us over a year to get used to this living arrangement.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe first month after Yu was born, Lok had a tough time taking care of her, even with Lok’s mother’s help. “My husband couldn’t share the workload of raising Yu as he lives too far away. We also couldn’t watch Yu grow together,” she says.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIf this situation sounds like an anomaly, it’s actually becoming surprisingly common in Hong Kong’s ultra-unaffordable housing market. Lok and Chau are among a growing number of couples who are finding themselves priced out of sharing a home together.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190903-the-married-couples-in-hong-kong-who-live-apar-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p07mbq4x"],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190903-the-married-couples-in-hong-kong-who-live-apar-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EHigh prices, low expectations\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ENearly one in 10 married couples in Hong Kong are \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bycensus2016.gov.hk\u002Fdata\u002F16BC_Youth_report_2018.02.12.pdf\"\u003Enot living with their spouses\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. And of those who do, upwards of 12% of married couples aged 25 to 34 co-habit with parents, according to government data from 2018.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ELok blamed the couple’s housing set-up on restrictive land-use regulations as well as Hong Kong’s property prices, which have been the highest in the world for nine straight years.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAccording to the 2019 \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.demographia.com\u002Fdhi.pdf\"\u003EDemographia International Housing Affordability Study\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, which ranks 309 metropolitan areas in eight countries, Hong Kong is ranked as the least-affordable market. A median-priced house is 21 times the annual median household income; in contrast, a house in the most expensive European market – the Greater London Authority – only cost 8.3 times the annual median household income.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190903-the-married-couples-in-hong-kong-who-live-apar-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"It’s difficult to afford even a single unit within a subdivided flat, which costs around HK$4,000 ($510) a month","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190903-the-married-couples-in-hong-kong-who-live-apar-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EIt’s difficult to afford even a single unit within a subdivided flat – an apartment partitioned to house more people – which costs around HK$4,000 ($510) a month. Usually it can only fit a bed.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bycensus2016.gov.hk\u002Fdata\u002F16BC_Youth_report_2018.02.12.pdf\"\u003Emedian monthly income\u003C\u002Fa\u003E for Hong Kong workers aged 15 to 24 is HK$10,750, and not significantly higher at HK$21,000 for workers aged 30 to 39. Even if both partners in a couple are earning good professional salaries, “the middle class can hardly expect to own their own home of a decent size”, says Michael Rowse, former director-general of the government’s InvestHK programme.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAnger over the housing plight has helped fuel the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fnews\u002Fworld-asia-china-49317695\"\u003Ecurrent protests\u003C\u002Fa\u003E rocking the region. Although the protests were triggered by a \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fnews\u002Fworld-asia-china-49575381\"\u003Enow-withdrawn extradition bill\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, as well as concern over Beijing’s influence and the deadlock on achieving greater democracy, frustration over the government’s \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\u002Finteractive\u002F2019\u002F07\u002F22\u002Fworld\u002Fasia\u002Fhong-kong-housing-inequality.html\"\u003Efailure to tackle inequality\u003C\u002Fa\u003E – the perception that it favours property developers over residents – plus concerns over mainland immigrants’ impact on housing inventory are underlying factors.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ELok, a media worker, and Chau, a Disneyland staffer, both make slightly below-average salaries. They do not pay rent to their parents, but still struggle to save money for a home while paying child-related expenses. “We plan to live together, but it’s not possible in the short-term,” Chau says.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190903-the-married-couples-in-hong-kong-who-live-apar-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p07mbnx1"],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190903-the-married-couples-in-hong-kong-who-live-apar-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ETogether but separate\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn order to co-habit, many young couples in Hong Kong are looking for alternatives to private residences in the form of public housing. But it’s not easy to get a public flat; due to high demand and low availability, the average waiting time for couples is \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.housingauthority.gov.hk\u002Fen\u002Fabout-us\u002Fpublications-and-statistics\u002Fprh-applications-average-waiting-time\u002Findex.html\"\u003Ealmost five and a half years\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. As of July, there were 147,000 applicants on the waiting list.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EKathy Tam, 28, and husband Louis Lee, 32, managed to secure public housing because Lee applied for the programme in 2012, years before they got married in 2017. “We were sure about each other at the time, so even without a flat together, we decided to get married,” says Tam.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBecause Lee thought ahead, the couple lived apart for just a year before being allocated a 21-sq m flat, which they now share with their cat.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190903-the-married-couples-in-hong-kong-who-live-apar-8"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"We were sure about each other at the time, so even without a flat together, we decided to get married – Kathy Tam","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190903-the-married-couples-in-hong-kong-who-live-apar-9"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E“Not living together in the long-term would have made us feel our family was incomplete, so now we are really grateful we can live together. We wouldn’t think about having children without this,” she says.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ETam and Lee’s reluctance to have children without a shared residence reflects larger implications for the region, because the future of Hong Kong’s population rests in the hands of couples like them. The region has a\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.statistics.gov.hk\u002Fpub\u002FB71812FA2018XXXXB0100.pdf\"\u003E low and declining fertility rate\u003C\u002Fa\u003E; its birth rate dropping more than 50% from 16.8 births per 1,000 people in 1981 to 7.7 in 2017, according to government data.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EHong Kong also has one of the largest ageing populations in Asia. The elderly will account for nearly one-third of the region’s population in 2036. If the low birth rate persists, children under 15 will make up just 10% of Hong Kong’s population by 2066.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190903-the-married-couples-in-hong-kong-who-live-apar-10"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p07mbqgn"],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190903-the-married-couples-in-hong-kong-who-live-apar-11"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EKeeping the spark alive\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EDemographics aren’t the only concern when couples live apart, but also relationship fundamentals. How do you keep a marriage healthy when you don’t share a home?\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWilfred Wong and Joyce Leung, both aged 30, are living with their own families: she, in her childhood bunk bed scattered with stuffed animals; he, 40 minutes across the harbour in Kowloon. They understood that they’d have to wait years until they could live together, but married early this year anyway.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190903-the-married-couples-in-hong-kong-who-live-apar-12"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"It sounds weird, but living apart can actually keep the spark in your marriage – Wilfred Wong","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190903-the-married-couples-in-hong-kong-who-live-apar-13"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EWong says the couple text and arrange phone calls and dates to make certain they stay close. “It sounds weird,” he says, “but living apart can actually keep the spark in your marriage.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESimilarly, Lok and Chau go on dates and trips to Japan whenever their parents have time to take care of Yu. They sometimes spend the night at local hotels, and take Yu to Disneyland for family outings. Each week Chau will try to squeeze in more time with them by walking Yu and Lok home before riding the subway back to Tsing Yi.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190903-the-married-couples-in-hong-kong-who-live-apar-14"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p07mbpmr"],"imageAlignment":"right","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190903-the-married-couples-in-hong-kong-who-live-apar-15"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EStill, even as couples find time to spend together, living separately can become lonely – regardless of someone’s age.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ELoneliness often hits 69-year-old Ma Hoi-shing, a former day worker at a Macau casino. He lives apart from his 62-year-old wife Jin Guo Fei, whom he met while she was gambling. Ma’s home is a 5.5-sq m subdivided flat with no windows, and still costs nearly two-thirds of his monthly government subsidy of slightly more than HK$5,000 ($635). Jin goes back to her home in Hangzhou in mainland China every few months, partly due to her health issues arising from living in Ma’s poorly ventilated flat.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“It’s very small and it’s tough for me to live there,” she says.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EMa has applied for a Hong Kong public-housing flat so both of them can live together in a better environment, but the couple currently only spend a fraction of their time together. Still, despite the difficulties they knew they’d face by mostly living apart, they wed.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EEven in their third year of waiting for a government-subsidised flat to share, Jin says that their lives together are very happy.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190903-the-married-couples-in-hong-kong-who-live-apar-16"}],"collection":["worklife\u002Fpremium-collection\u002Fgeneration-project"],"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2019-09-16T16:14:15Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","geolocation":null,"headlineLong":"The married couples in Hong Kong who live apart","headlineShort":"The married couples who live apart","image":["p07mbpvb"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"","isSyndicated":false,"latitude":"","location":null,"longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":null,"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"worklife","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":null,"relatedStories":["worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190827-the-single-mums-who-live-together-on-mommunes","worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190826-the-holiday-islands-where-locals-have-nowhere-to-live","worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190826-the-child-free-couples-who-treat-their-pets-like-children"],"relatedTag":null,"summaryLong":"Could you live an hour from your spouse? The disproportionately expensive housing market in Hong Kong is forcing families to live separately – with few remedies in sight.","summaryShort":"In Hong Kong’s housing market, it can cost too much to live together","tag":["tag\u002Fhousing"],"creationDateTime":"2019-09-16T02:46:02.574646Z","entity":"article","guid":"590c68a8-e326-4b8b-9b1f-b1a85ad06bca","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190903-the-married-couples-in-hong-kong-who-live-apar","modifiedDateTime":"2019-10-01T14:36:28.195022Z","project":"worklife","slug":"20190903-the-married-couples-in-hong-kong-who-live-apar","cacheLastUpdated":1571107324432},"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191010-south-koreas-population-paradox":{"urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:article:worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191010-south-koreas-population-paradox","_id":"5da44ebab8bc804d7b05530a","ambientVideo":null,"articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":["worklife\u002Fauthor\u002Fresearch-by-miriam-quick--illustrations-by-valentina-defilippo"],"bodyIntro":"With a rapidly ageing population, low birth rates and young people who are increasingly shunning marriage, South Korea is in a population conundrum.","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EResearch by Miriam Quick. Illustrations by Valentina d'Efilippo.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWhen countries undergo economic change, the effects of the transition aren’t only financial – they have major population implications, too.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThis is very much the case in South Korea where, over the last three generations, the country has evolved like few others due to rapid industrialisation. Today, South Korea has a $1.6 trillion economy – the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fdata.worldbank.org\u002Fcountry\u002Fkorea-rep?end=2018&most_recent_value_desc=true&start=1960\"\u003Efourth largest in Asia\u003C\u002Fa\u003E after China, Japan and India.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAs South Korea has transformed so too has its population, and very quickly at that, leaving the country in a true population paradox.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIt is undergoing an extreme, rapid example of what demographers call the ‘\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fourworldindata.org\u002Fworld-population-growth#the-demographic-transition-why-is-rapid-population-increase-a-temporary-phenomenon\"\u003Edemographic transition\u003C\u002Fa\u003E’, a period of population swell, decline and eventual stabilisation that occurs as countries get richer. For South Korea, this means both a large, rapidly ageing population as well as a low marriage and birth rate that doesn’t adequately replace the dying generations – quite a conundrum for the future of the nation.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EShrinking families\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"infographic","imageAlignment":"centre","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191010-south-koreas-population-paradox-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p07qqf69"],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191010-south-koreas-population-paradox-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003ESouth Korea has the lowest fertility rate in the world.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe average South Korean woman has just 1.1 children, lower than any other country. (For contrast, the global average is around 2.5 children.) This rate has been declining steadily: between the early 1950s and today, the fertility rate in South Korea dropped from 5.6 to 1.1 children per woman.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EHow does that affect the country’s future population? It’s actually quite a population paradox for a rapidly ageing society. That is because a key factor in population stabilisation is what’s called ‘\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.wri.org\u002Fpublication\u002Fachieving-replacement-level-fertility\"\u003Ereplacement rate\u003C\u002Fa\u003E’: the point at which the total number of children born per woman in a population exactly balances out the number of elder generation deaths. Across the world, this number is 2.1 – which means that fertility rates in South Korea do not reach the replacement level.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn other words, women aren’t having enough children in South Korea to stabilise its population without migration.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ESingle in Sampo Generation\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191010-south-koreas-population-paradox-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p07qqf8z"],"imageAlignment":"left","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191010-south-koreas-population-paradox-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003ESouth Korean women aren’t simply choosing to have fewer children – some are opting to forego romantic relationships entirely. An increasing number are choosing never to marry at all, turning their backs on legal partnerships – and even casual relationships – in favour of having independent lives and careers in what can still be a sexist society despite economic advances.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe shift is part of a rising social phenomenon in South Korea: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fnews\u002Fstories-45201725\"\u003Ethe Sampo Generation\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. The word ‘sampo’ means to give up three things: relationships, marriage and children.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EStatistics reflect the dramatic shift in culture: marriage rates among South Koreans of childrearing age – both men and women – have plummeted over the last four or five decades. In the 2015 census, fewer than a quarter (23%) of South Korean women aged 25 to 29 said they were married, down steeply from 90% in 1970.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EExtraordinary longevity\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191010-south-koreas-population-paradox-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p07qqf3q"],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191010-south-koreas-population-paradox-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EIn later stages of the demographic transition, improvements in health care generally lead to a population with extended longevity. That is exactly what is happening in South Korea, where life expectancy has increased rapidly in the second half of the 20th Century amid industrialisation.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn the first half of the 1950s, life expectancy was just shorter than 42 years on average (37 for men, 47 for women). Today, the numbers look radically different. South Korea now has one of the highest life expectancies in the world – ranked twelfth highest for 2015-2020, equal with Iceland. The average baby born in South Korea can expect to live to the age of 82 years (specifically 79 for men, and 85 for women).\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn contrast, the global average is 72 years (nearly 70 for men, 74 for women).\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAnd the UN projects life expectancy will continue to improve; by the end of this century, the average baby born in South Korea will live to the age of 92 (89 for men, and 95 for women). A \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.thelancet.com\u002Fjournals\u002Flancet\u002Farticle\u002FPIIS0140-6736(16)32381-9\u002Ffulltext\"\u003Eseparate study\u003C\u002Fa\u003E published in the Lancet showed that women in South Korea are projected to be the first in the world to have an average life expectancy above 90 – with the researchers predicting a 57% chance this will happen by 2030.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ESwell, fall, plateau\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191010-south-koreas-population-paradox-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p07qqf2j"],"imageAlignment":"left","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191010-south-koreas-population-paradox-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EIn 1950, less than 3% of the population were aged 65 and over. Today, that number is at 15%. By the mid-2060s, the UN forecasts the percentage of those older than 65s will peak at more than 40%. The numbers paint a picture of very aged society.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAnd with low birth rates, fewer marriages and longer lives, the trends combine to create a South Korean population that is actually \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fqz.com\u002F1066613\u002Fsouth-korea-demographic-time-bomb-its-aging-faster-than-any-other-developed-country-with-lowest-birth-rate-of-oecd-countries\u002F\"\u003Eageing faster\u003C\u002Fa\u003E than any other developed country.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EA population with longer lifespan means there are more older people around, and women having fewer children means there aren’t enough young people to replace them when they die. Eventually, this paradox means that South Korea’s population will begin to decline. The UN predicts South Korea’s population will peak in around 2024, and then start to fall. By 2100, the UN forecasts South Korea’s population will be only around 29 million – the same as it was in 1966.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBut these are only predictions based on the UN’s medium scenario. There are many factors at play, including whether fertility or migration patterns change. This means that South Korea’s population future could shake out right as predicted – or look very different altogether.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191010-south-koreas-population-paradox-8"}],"collection":["worklife\u002Fpremium-collection\u002Fgeneration-project"],"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2019-10-14T19:04:35Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","geolocation":null,"headlineLong":"South Korea’s population paradox","headlineShort":"South Korea’s population problem","image":["p07qqgrr"],"imageAlignment":"left","imageAltText":"","isSyndicated":true,"latitude":"","location":null,"longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":[{"Content":{"Description":"Apple News Publish: Select to publish, remove to unpublish. (Do not just delete or unpublish the story)","Name":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Metadata":{"CreationDateTime":"2016-02-05T14:32:31.186819Z","Entity":"option","Guid":"13f4bc85-ae27-4a34-9397-0e6ad3619619","Id":"option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","ModifiedDateTime":"2016-02-05T14:32:31.186819Z","Project":"","Slug":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:option:option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","_id":"5d9db3bdb8bc804d7b8cbcf4"}],"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"worklife","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":null,"relatedStories":["worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190924-kenyas-changing-population-captured-in-100-photos","worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191001-the-village-with-more-wolves-than-children","worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190913-how-to-slow-down-the-worlds-fastest-shrinking-country"],"relatedTag":null,"summaryLong":"With a rapidly ageing population, low birth rates and young people who are increasingly shunning marriage, South Korea is in a population conundrum.","summaryShort":"Three big factors are combining to put the country in a demographic conundrum","tag":["tag\u002Fpopulation-paradox"],"creationDateTime":"2019-10-14T00:13:26.693206Z","entity":"article","guid":"601752b2-a8a8-490a-a17f-98f898d56e2f","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191010-south-koreas-population-paradox","modifiedDateTime":"2019-10-14T10:32:04.980027Z","project":"worklife","slug":"20191010-south-koreas-population-paradox","cacheLastUpdated":1571107324312},"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191010-the-surprising-benefits-and-risks-of-trash-talk":{"urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:article:worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191010-the-surprising-benefits-and-risks-of-trash-talk","_id":"5d9fe6d6b8bc804d7bd26872","ambientVideo":null,"articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":["worklife\u002Fauthor\u002Fzaria-gorvett"],"bodyIntro":"Channelling your inner Muhammad Ali might not always be as reckless as it sounds. Zaria Gorvett explains.","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EThere are three chickens, dancing in a line. With their bodies held up by pairs of white-gloved hands, they sway and swerve in time to “Upside Down” by Diana Ross. As their bodies move, their heads remain perfectly still; it’s as though they’re held in place by some invisible force.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ENo, this wasn’t a – rather fabulous – dream of mine, and yes, I am going somewhere with this.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe hypnotic scene was concocted by the luxury car manufacturer Mercedes-Benz, as part of a viral advertising campaign to promote their new “Intelligent Drive” system back in 2013. It turns out chickens have secret ballerina reflexes, which allow them \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fphysicsbuzz.physicscentral.com\u002F2010\u002F02\u002Fchicken-head-tracking_05.html\"\u003Eto keep their heads stable at all times\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. Mercedes-Benz wanted us to know that their cars have this “Magic Body Control” too.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"infographic","imageAlignment":"centre","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191010-the-surprising-benefits-and-risks-of-trash-talk-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"Though trash talk is usually associated with self-aggrandising sports egos, there are plenty of juicy examples in other industries, from marketing to politics to law","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191010-the-surprising-benefits-and-risks-of-trash-talk-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EOne of their arch rivals saw this as provocation. A few months later, Jaguar released a response: another advert, with another dancing chicken. The puppeteer observes in wonderment, “See, it's just like a Mercedes!” – right before the poor animal is eaten by a jaguar. Among a blizzard of feathers, they deliver their killer line: “Magic Body Control? We prefer cat-like reflexes.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThough trash talk is usually associated with self-aggrandising sports egos, there are plenty of juicy examples in other industries, from marketing to politics to law. Even ancient kings did it; in one famous example, Philip II of Macedon \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.perseus.tufts.edu\u002Fhopper\u002Ftext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2008.01.0288%3Asection%3D17\"\u003Esent his enemies a message\u003C\u002Fa\u003E boasting that if he brought his army into their land, they would be utterly destroyed, never to rise again – essentially, that he’d kick their behinds. The enemy leaders replied with a single word: “if”.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191010-the-surprising-benefits-and-risks-of-trash-talk-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p07qr0cc"],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191010-the-surprising-benefits-and-risks-of-trash-talk-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EAnd though it might be hard to imagine a colleague laughing that their pot plant could give a better presentation than you, it turns out that, in fact, this kind of office chat is relatively normal.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe latest evidence suggests that these verbal contests have been creeping into the workplace – and they’re far more prevalent than you would expect. Last year Jeremy Yip, an expert in management from Georgetown University, along with researchers from the University of Pennsylvania, decided to find out exactly how prevalent trash talk is among the employees of Fortune 500 companies. They surveyed 143 people about their experiences, and found that \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.sciencedirect.com\u002Fscience\u002Farticle\u002Fpii\u002FS0749597816301157\"\u003E61% could remember instances of trash talk\u003C\u002Fa\u003E that had occurred within the last three months.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E “It’s quite prevalent and quite frequent,” he says. “It’s shocking really.” So how is all this gutter talk affecting people? And should we all be honing our best put-downs?\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EUnlikely motivator\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBut first – what actually is trash talk? The researchers defined it as “boastful remarks about the self or insulting remarks about an opponent”. Yip’s favourite example of the latter occurred in 1999, when London was preparing to celebrate the new millennium.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThis included the construction of a giant Ferris wheel, the now-iconic “London Eye”, which was sponsored by British Airways. Alas, in the final stages, it became clear that it wasn’t going to be ready on time. Naturally this delighted Richard Branson, the billionaire founder of their rival, Virgin Atlantic, and he arranged for a blimp to fly over the half-finished attraction with a banner that read “BA can’t get it up!”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191010-the-surprising-benefits-and-risks-of-trash-talk-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p07qqzrc"],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191010-the-surprising-benefits-and-risks-of-trash-talk-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003ETo find out if this kind of trash talk might help people to get ahead, Yip and his colleagues invited 178 students to play an online game. Half the students had been prepped with some neutral chit-chat beforehand, while the others were riled up with comments like “hey dummy –you’re going to lose, and you’re going to lose bad…. end of story!!!!!!” They were all informed that if they won, they’d win the coveted prize of $1. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIncredibly, those who had been the targets of trash-talking performed significantly better than those who hadn’t. “That’s interesting because though we tend to think of it as being a way of intimidating another person, and diminishing their performance, what we’re finding is that when you’re the recipient of trash talk, you become extra motivated to outperform your opponent,” says Yip.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191010-the-surprising-benefits-and-risks-of-trash-talk-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"Incredibly, those who had been the targets of trash-talking performed significantly better than those who hadn’t","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191010-the-surprising-benefits-and-risks-of-trash-talk-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EAs Yip points out in his study, the workplace is a hotbed of competition, because this is the natural consequence when there aren’t enough resources to go around. In the world of work, these “resources” consist of bonuses, promotions and places on the most exciting projects.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ETrash talk is just one way that this plays out – but it’s a risky business. “It’s a way of generating instant rivalry,” says Yip. Though you may have already been in competition with your colleagues, a rivalry is an entirely different beast. Now they will be determined to see you lose.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAnother unappetising consequence of trash talk is that is that it leads to dirtier tactics. In a follow-up study, Yip’s team found that students who had been exposed to trash talk were more likely to exploit opportunities to cheat than their competitors.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191010-the-surprising-benefits-and-risks-of-trash-talk-8"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p07qqs59"],"imageAlignment":"right","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191010-the-surprising-benefits-and-risks-of-trash-talk-9"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EThe art of distraction\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBut before you put down your book of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.abc.net.au\u002Fnews\u002F2016-06-04\u002Fmuhammad-ali-greatest-quotes\u002F7205542\"\u003EMuhammad Ali’s most poetic insults\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, trash talk also has some tantalising upsides.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EFirstly, if you can get your opponent to trash talk back, then it’s possible that you’ll both benefit from the extra motivation it provides. But if that doesn’t work, one major upside of trash talk is that it can be extremely distracting for your opponent.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAs part of their study, Yip and his team tested whether trash talk would affect performance on a creative task, and found that those on the receiving end of the researchers’ carefully crafted provocations performed significantly worse. He suggests that this might be because creativity is extremely cognitively demanding – it requires thinking about several ideas simultaneously, and then configuring them in a new way – and trash talk makes it harder to keep your thoughts in the right place.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191010-the-surprising-benefits-and-risks-of-trash-talk-10"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"When the team asked people how they thought trash talk would affect a hypothetical opponent, there was a sizeable gulf between their expectations and reality","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191010-the-surprising-benefits-and-risks-of-trash-talk-11"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EOddly, this is the only consequence of the technique that people seem to be able to predict. When the team asked people how they thought trash talk would affect a hypothetical opponent, there was a sizeable gulf between their expectations and reality. “We accurately predict that it’s distracting, but we fail to predict that it can be motivating,” says Yip. “There’s basically a failed mental model here.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fopencommons.uconn.edu\u002Fdissertations\u002F2211\u002F\"\u003EAnother study\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, led by Karen McDermott from the University of Connecticut, confirmed that trash talk can indeed be off-putting – especially when it involves bombarding people with such classic insults such as “Grab a straw because you suck!” – while they try to play the video game Mario Kart. As you might expect, the abuse made the players feel ashamed and angry. This was distracting, and these players tended to perform worse.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191010-the-surprising-benefits-and-risks-of-trash-talk-12"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p07qqs5v"],"imageAlignment":"left","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191010-the-surprising-benefits-and-risks-of-trash-talk-13"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ETalk yourself up, not others down\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESo would this – arguably highly unethical – practice also work in the office? And if so, how could it be deployed most effectively?\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ETrash talk is a surprisingly understudied phenomenon, considering its ubiquity, and no one has investigated its effects on workers in an office environment yet. However, McDermott is confident that her study provides some clues. “I think to a certain extent these effects would stand up in the workplace,” she says. “I think the element of distraction would be less though, because you’d be trash talked and then go back to your desk and think about it.” Instead, she speculates that the emotional effects of being talked down would linger in people who had been trash talked, and possibly affect their motivation, for better or for worse.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EHowever, McDermott cautions that she had to choose the trash talk in her study extremely carefully. “A lot of it actually involves quite a lot of misogyny and homophobia – it revolves around emasculating people or telling them that they play like a girl,” she explains. “Of course, I didn’t want to really offend people, just to get a reaction out of them.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191010-the-surprising-benefits-and-risks-of-trash-talk-14"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"Those considering introducing some competitive repartee to their day would be better off talking themselves up, rather than talking others down","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191010-the-surprising-benefits-and-risks-of-trash-talk-15"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003ETo avoid descending down the slippery slope from trash talker into bully, those considering introducing some competitive repartee to their day would be better off talking themselves up, rather than talking others down. McDermott also stresses the importance of keeping it playful, and generating a rapport with the person you’d like to begin a verbal battle with beforehand; throwing around insults at random certainly isn’t going to make you any friends, and it might even get you fired.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EYip suggests avoiding trash talk among your fellow colleagues altogether – and instead using it to generate a rivalry between your organisation and an outside organisation. “I would say generally there are more negative consequences to trash talk among employees, because there’s a cooperative element to the workplace, where people are interdependent and need to work together on projects,” he says. While one of his studies found that trash talk can make people more motivated in competitive situations, it also showed that people won’t put as much effort into a group project if their colleagues are being uncivil.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAnecdotally at least, most people seem to know this rule intuitively already, since it’s much more common to find trash talk between “tribes” of people, such as companies, football teams and university colleges, than it is among individuals. “If you have employees at Google and you want to motivate them, you could try to trash-talking Amazon or Apple, and that may promote some of the beneficial effects,” says Yip.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESo there you have it. If it’s deployed carefully, trash talk can give you the upper hand in certain situations. But you have to know the rules, or you may end up in court, rather than sitting in a bigger office. In the infamous words of the trash talk king himself, Muhammad Ali, do say: “I am the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.independent.co.uk\u002Fnews\u002Fpeople\u002Fmuhammad-ali-quotes-dead-death-boxing-icon-float-like-butterfly-inspirational-a7065326.html\"\u003Eking of the world\u003C\u002Fa\u003E” Don’t say: “'I'll beat him so bad, he’ll \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.co.uk\u002Fsport\u002Fboxing\u002F16146367\"\u003Eneed a shoehorn to put his hat on\u003C\u002Fa\u003E!”.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191010-the-surprising-benefits-and-risks-of-trash-talk-16"}],"collection":["worklife\u002Fcolumn\u002Flanguage-matters"],"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2019-10-10T23:36:53.93Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","geolocation":null,"headlineLong":"The surprising benefits – and risks – of trash talk","headlineShort":"The upside of bad-mouthing your rivals","image":["p07qqs49"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"","isSyndicated":true,"latitude":"","location":null,"longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":[{"Content":{"Description":"Apple News Publish: Select to publish, remove to unpublish. (Do not just delete or unpublish the story)","Name":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Metadata":{"CreationDateTime":"2016-02-05T14:32:31.186819Z","Entity":"option","Guid":"13f4bc85-ae27-4a34-9397-0e6ad3619619","Id":"option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","ModifiedDateTime":"2016-02-05T14:32:31.186819Z","Project":"","Slug":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:option:option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","_id":"5d9db3bdb8bc804d7b8cbcf4"}],"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"worklife","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":["p07qr8cp"],"relatedStories":null,"relatedTag":null,"summaryLong":"Channelling your inner Muhammad Ali might not always be as reckless as it sounds. Zaria Gorvett explains.","summaryShort":"Channelling your inner Muhammad Ali might not always be as reckless as it sounds","tag":null,"creationDateTime":"2019-10-11T00:48:05.898328Z","entity":"article","guid":"5f6175e4-2033-45ec-85bd-ee1fae2af516","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191010-the-surprising-benefits-and-risks-of-trash-talk","modifiedDateTime":"2019-10-11T02:19:48.69948Z","project":"worklife","slug":"20191010-the-surprising-benefits-and-risks-of-trash-talk","cacheLastUpdated":1571107324319},"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191008-jantelagen-why-swedes-wont-talk-about-wealth":{"urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:article:worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191008-jantelagen-why-swedes-wont-talk-about-wealth","_id":"5d9de5adb8bc804d7bc85f78","ambientVideo":null,"articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":["worklife\u002Fauthor\u002Fmaddy-savage"],"bodyIntro":"A high income is a badge of success in many countries, but in Sweden a deep-rooted cultural code called Jantelagen stops many from talking about it.","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EIn Stockholm’s richest inner-city neighbourhood, Östermalm, private yachts and floating cocktail bars hug the marina. The adjacent tree-lined boulevard, Strandvägen, boasts some of the most expensive real estate in the Swedish capital, as well as exclusive boutiques and independent restaurants. Nearby, ornate 18th Century buildings house luxurious office spaces and private member’s bars.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E The area is packed with people in designer sunglasses soaking up the autumn sunshine. But finding someone who’s comfortable talking about their wealth is almost impossible.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"infographic","imageAlignment":"centre","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191008-jantelagen-why-swedes-wont-talk-about-wealth-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"I'm not going to tell you how much I make because I don't know why I should – Robert Ingemarsson","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191008-jantelagen-why-swedes-wont-talk-about-wealth-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E“I'm not going to tell you how much I make because I don't know why I should,” says 30-year-old Robert Ingemarsson, who has a senior job in marketing. Asked what he does with his money, he says simply: “I spend it on stocks. I like investing”.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EVictor Hesse, 24, who’s out shopping, says he’s about to embark on an international talent programme for a major Swedish brand. But when asked about his salary, he says: “That’s classified”.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EStandard narratives about Sweden tend to highlight its social democracy, high taxes and low income inequality by global standards. But while this stereotype is rooted in facts, the gap between the rich and the poor has been steadily widening since the 1990s. The top 20% of the population \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fread.oecd-ilibrary.org\u002Feconomics\u002Foecd-economic-surveys-sweden-2017_eco_surveys-swe-2017-en#page12\"\u003Enow earn four times as much as the bottom 20%.\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191008-jantelagen-why-swedes-wont-talk-about-wealth-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Video","iFrameType":"","videoImage":"urn:pubstack:jative:image:p07qgy4w","videoImageAlign":"centre","videoTitle":"Young, Swedish and…. rich?","videoUrn":["p07qgx5d"],"id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191008-jantelagen-why-swedes-wont-talk-about-wealth-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EVideo by Maddy Savage and Benoît Derrier.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EA high income is a badge of success in many countries, but Swedes have a deep-rooted aversion to talking about their cash. Our repeated efforts to arrange interviews with young, wealthy Swedes proved tricky; off-the-record, people were happy to talk about large second homes, family yachts, sports cars or champagne sprees in nightclubs, but getting them to formalise their comments was a struggle.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“I have a feeling that it will come across as bragging, which unfortunately I don’t feel comfortable with,” read one text message that seemed representative of the sentiment felt by many. Others agreed to be interviewed and then became “too busy” or simply ghosted us.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBut why is this? While discussing your wealth feels perfectly appropriate in some parts of the world, why does it seem like nobody in Stockholm is proud of being rich?\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EThe concept of \u003Cem\u003EJantelagen\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ELola Akinmade Åkerström, an author on Swedish culture who’s been living in Stockholm for more than a decade, says talking about money is “a very uncomfortable subject” in Sweden. She argues that boasting about wealth – or even discussing a moderate salary with a stranger – is such a taboo that many Swedes would actually feel “more comfortable talking about sex and bodily functions”.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIt is a view shared by Stina Dahlgren, a 28-year-old Swedish journalist who spent several years living in the US. “Over in the States, when you say that you're earning a lot of money, people are cheering for you and they say: ‘good for you, good work’. But over here in Sweden, if you say that you have a good salary... people think you're weird,” she says. “You don’t ask about salaries, you don't ask about money.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191008-jantelagen-why-swedes-wont-talk-about-wealth-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p07pr856"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Lola Åkerström","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191008-jantelagen-why-swedes-wont-talk-about-wealth-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EMany cultural commentators agree that a large part of the taboo can be explained by a deep-rooted Nordic code called \u003Cem\u003EJantelagen\u003C\u002Fem\u003E, which promotes the idea of never thinking you are better than anyone else and calling out those who break this norm.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“Jantelagen is an unspoken societal rule that exists here in Sweden and a lot of the Nordics,” explains Akinmade Åkerström, who explores the topic in her book Lagom: The Swedish Secret of Living Well. “It’s about not being too flashy, not bragging unnecessarily, and it's a way of kind of keeping everybody – for the most part – equal... to remove sources of stress within group settings.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191008-jantelagen-why-swedes-wont-talk-about-wealth-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"Jantelagen… is about not being too flashy, not bragging unnecessarily, and it's a way of kind of keeping everybody – for the most part – equal – Lola Akinmade Äkerström","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191008-jantelagen-why-swedes-wont-talk-about-wealth-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EJantelagen – which translates to The Law of Jante in English – takes its name from a rule-abiding town called Jante which featured in a fictional book by Norwegian-Danish author Aksel Sandemose in 1933. But Dr Stephen Trotter, a Scottish-Norwegian academic who \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.gla.ac.uk\u002Fmedia\u002Fmedia_404385_en.pdf\"\u003Ewrote about the concept\u003C\u002Fa\u003E while he was working at the University of Glasgow in Scotland, says its sentiment has existed in the Nordics – especially in rural areas – for centuries.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“Jantelagen is a mechanism for social control,” he argues. “It’s not just about wealth, it’s about not pretending to know more than you do or acting above your station.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAs a shorthand for celebrating modesty and humbleness, Jantelagen is not dissimilar to \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Ftravel\u002Fstory\u002F20170607-why-are-australians-so-laid-back\"\u003Etall poppy syndrome\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, a popular term in Australia and New Zealand that embraces putting down those who are showy about their wealth or status. In Scotland people talk of the ‘\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FCrab_mentality\"\u003Ecrab mentality’\u003C\u002Fa\u003E – a way of thinking that nods to a crab trying to escape from a bucket, yet being pulled back by its fellow hostages. “You could say that Scandinavia just found a buzzword that fits and sums it up better than anyone else,” says Trotter.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EYet he also points out that the way Jantelagen plays out in Sweden and other Nordic societies is linked to specific cultural norms in those nations.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191008-jantelagen-why-swedes-wont-talk-about-wealth-8"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p07pr7t8"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Waterfront, Stockholm","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191008-jantelagen-why-swedes-wont-talk-about-wealth-9"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E“You can chat about your cabin in the woods and getting underfloor heating and a patio. People [are] not surprised by that – that is a common idea in the Nordics and a lot of people have a second home here,” he argues. “But to say you’d spent the same money on two Lamborghinis – you would probably get a bit laughed at!\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAkinmade Äkerstöm argues that while Sweden has fought hard to maintain a global image as a classless social democracy, many Swedes still surround themselves with people in similar income brackets. This, she says, means that the rules of \u003Cem\u003EJantelagen \u003C\u002Fem\u003Ecan therefore shift depending on the company; bragging is more acceptable among those with similar backgrounds.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“Behind closed doors with others of the same socio-economic status, they [richer people] are more comfortable. They can talk about their summer homes or their cars with everybody on the same level.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBack in Östermalm, Andreas Kensen, 33, who doesn’t live in the area but is spending the afternoon visiting its smart boutiques, agrees that Jantelagenis contextual. “I would definitely tell my friends that we've been out travelling or, you know, show it off on Instagram or Facebook. But it’s nothing I would tell a stranger I just met,” he explains.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EA vocal backlash\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EHowever, growing numbers of young, successful Swedes are starting to criticise Jantelagen, and calling for a more vocal conversation about wealth and success.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThese include Nicole Falciani, 22, who began earning money from blogging as a teenager and is now a major influencer, with 354,000 followers on Instagram. At a glamorous wedding-themed jewellery shoot at an out-of-town allotment cafe, she doesn’t bat an eyelid when asked to tell us her typical fee: around $20,000 per campaign. It’s money she mostly spends on designer bags and travel, having bought a city centre apartment at the age of 20.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191008-jantelagen-why-swedes-wont-talk-about-wealth-10"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p07pr7r3"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Andreas Kensen","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191008-jantelagen-why-swedes-wont-talk-about-wealth-11"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E“I would love it if Jantelagen would disappear, because I think that would be so much better for everyone living here... Our society would be much more open if we could talk about money,” she argues. “It's quite a nice thought that everyone should be equal and that we are all the same. But it doesn't work, because if you're working harder than anyone else, then you should be proud of it.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191008-jantelagen-why-swedes-wont-talk-about-wealth-12"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"Our society would be much more open if we could talk about money – Nicole Falciani","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191008-jantelagen-why-swedes-wont-talk-about-wealth-13"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003ECornelius Cappelen, an associate professor in comparative politics at the University of Bergen in Norway, believes the rise of social media is behind the youth backlash against Jantelagen. He argues that blogging and video-blogging in particular support the kind of “rampant individualism” that promotes standing out from the crowd, which has, until recently, been far less prevalent in Nordic countries than other western nations, particularly the US.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“More and more people use the term [Jantelagen] as an abuse – especially many young people explicitly claim that they hate the mentality,” he argues.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191008-jantelagen-why-swedes-wont-talk-about-wealth-14"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p07pr8jx"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Nicole Falciani","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191008-jantelagen-why-swedes-wont-talk-about-wealth-15"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EAkinmade Åkerström also believes that social media has had a major impact. Since bragging has become commonplace on Facebook and Instagram, Swedes whose personal achievements stand out have started to feel more comfortable making their success public, she argues.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“There are very skilled, talented people that have been suppressed by Jantelagen, but then they’ve seen mediocre people bragging (online) with confidence.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“I think Jantelagen is going to slowly fade out because those people that have been repressed will start standing up and saying, ‘you know, I'm good at this!’... And social media also connects you to a wider audience that isn't familiar with Jantelagen.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe author believes that Jantelagen is also becoming less popular due to a rise in immigration. In Sweden, the most diverse of the Nordic nations, around 25% of people were born abroad or have two foreign parents. “What other cultures are bringing in is celebrating your success, celebrating talented people, celebrating skills,” she says.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIt’s a theory welcomed by Nicole Falciani, who was born and raised in Sweden but has two Italian parents. She says that she sometimes found it tricky to work out which of the topics that she discussed at home or with relatives in Italy were socially acceptable to talk about in Swedish society.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191008-jantelagen-why-swedes-wont-talk-about-wealth-16"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p07pr813"],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191008-jantelagen-why-swedes-wont-talk-about-wealth-17"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E“I think it will get better, because we're getting more European, we have more foreigners living in Sweden taking their culture here. And we have a lot of American TV programmes and they don't have Jantelagen at all,” she says. However, she doubts the concept will disappear completely because it is “so rooted in Swedish culture or in Scandinavian culture”.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ECornelius Cappelen, the associate professor, says he’s also uncertain about the concept’s potential to disappear.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“Will it stick around it the future? Well, my guess is as good as yours. But I will say this: I hope the nice aspect of it – the modesty code of not sticking one’s neck out – will continue to exist and I hope that the negative aspect of it – ‘cutting people down to size’ – will wither away.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EMeanwhile some immigrants to Sweden say they have embraced Jantelagen\u003Cem\u003E, \u003C\u002Fem\u003Eincluding 35-year-old Natalia Irribara, who moved to Stockholm from Chile three years ago.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“I think in Chile we have a really narcissistic society where accomplishments are really important – like academic qualifications, sport, being pretty... the car, the school, the house,” she says. “[Here] we have a model as a neighbour, but they never talk about ‘oh, I was in this magazine’. Another neighbour is a photographer who accomplished great things, but never talks about it.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“For me humbleness is really important, and the thing I like in Sweden is that with Jantelagen it’s not that important, those material things.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EAdditional research by Emelie Svensson.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191008-jantelagen-why-swedes-wont-talk-about-wealth-18"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"calloutBodyHtml":"\u003Cp\u003E1. You shall not believe you are anything\u003Cbr \u002F\u003E2. You shall not believe you are as much as us\u003Cbr \u002F\u003E3. You shall not believe you are wiser than us\u003Cbr \u002F\u003E4. You shall not imagine you are better than us\u003Cbr \u002F\u003E5. You shall not believe you know more than us\u003Cbr \u002F\u003E6. You shall not believe you are more than us\u003Cbr \u002F\u003E7. You shall not believe you are good for anything\u003Cbr \u002F\u003E8. You shall not laugh at us\u003Cbr \u002F\u003E9. You shall not believe anyone cares about you\u003Cbr \u002F\u003E10. You shall not believe you can teach us anything\u003C\u002Fp\u003E","calloutTitle":"The Laws of Jante","cardType":"CalloutBox","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191008-jantelagen-why-swedes-wont-talk-about-wealth-19"}],"collection":null,"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2019-10-09T21:11:36Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","geolocation":null,"headlineLong":"Jantelagen: Why Swedes won’t talk about wealth","headlineShort":"Where wealth is ‘more taboo than sex’","image":["p07pr7xt"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"","isSyndicated":true,"latitude":"","location":null,"longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":[{"Content":{"Description":"Apple News Publish: Select to publish, remove to unpublish. (Do not just delete or unpublish the story)","Name":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Metadata":{"CreationDateTime":"2016-02-05T14:32:31.186819Z","Entity":"option","Guid":"13f4bc85-ae27-4a34-9397-0e6ad3619619","Id":"option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","ModifiedDateTime":"2016-02-05T14:32:31.186819Z","Project":"","Slug":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:option:option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","_id":"5d9db3bdb8bc804d7b8cbcf4"}],"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"worklife","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":["p07pr7z2"],"relatedStories":null,"relatedTag":null,"summaryLong":"A high income is a badge of success in many countries, but in Sweden a deep-rooted cultural code called Jantelagen stops many from talking about it.","summaryShort":"Where a deep-rooted cultural code stops many from talking about money","tag":["tag\u002Fthe-nordic-way"],"creationDateTime":"2019-10-08T20:30:46.255283Z","entity":"article","guid":"ed9da005-849d-4402-ac94-47387efbc26b","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191008-jantelagen-why-swedes-wont-talk-about-wealth","modifiedDateTime":"2019-10-09T13:50:18.51899Z","project":"worklife","slug":"20191008-jantelagen-why-swedes-wont-talk-about-wealth","cacheLastUpdated":1571107324322},"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190927-the-imported-priests-saving-irelands-ageing-clergy":{"urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:article:worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190927-the-imported-priests-saving-irelands-ageing-clergy","_id":"5d9db31db8bc804d7b879550","ambientVideo":null,"articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":["worklife\u002Fauthor\u002Ftim-odonnell"],"bodyIntro":"Ireland’s population is rapidly ageing – and so too are its Catholic priests. Some Church leaders are looking abroad for younger talent to help fill the ranks.","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EFather Francis Xavier Kochuveettil got off the plane in Dublin Airport a little less than two years ago and was quickly stung by the Irish air. The weather had topped out at 2C that day. The temperature felt particularly biting because Kochuveettil had just come from Kerala, a state in southern India where the weather hovers somewhere in the vicinity of 20-30C all year.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“My God, I thought, what’s happening to me?” he says. Kochuveettil, 41, has since adjusted to the wind-chill: he’s grown fond of Ireland while ministering to Catholics in Shannon Parish in the country’s south-west.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EKochuveettil is one of four priests from the Cochin diocese (a Catholic administrative district) in Kerala who are currently serving in Ireland’s Killaloe diocese. These men, along with other priests from abroad, are helping fill a gaping void in Ireland’s clergy as priests age and younger generations eschew the once-esteemed profession.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"infographic","imageAlignment":"centre","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190927-the-imported-priests-saving-irelands-ageing-clergy-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"Currently, the average age for an Irish priest hovers around 70. The number of priests dying or retiring far outweighs the number joining the ranks","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190927-the-imported-priests-saving-irelands-ageing-clergy-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EThe number of priests in Ireland has \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fmural.maynoothuniversity.ie\u002F9330\u002F1\u002FBC-Vanishing-2011.pdf\"\u003Efallen precipitously since 1959\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, according to The Vanishing Catholic Priest, a study conducted by sociologist Brian Conway of National University of Ireland, Maynooth. Conway notes there were a few, brief upticks in the years following Pope John Paul II’s visit to the country in 1979, and just before the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fnews\u002Fuk-northern-ireland-45057221\"\u003Efirst major C\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cspan\u003Ehurch scandals\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E broke in the late 1980s and early 1990s. But last year, only five men began training for the priesthood at Ireland’s main seminary, St Patrick’s College in Maynooth.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIt does not bode well for the future of the profession – especially considering that the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.economist.com\u002Ferasmus\u002F2018\u002F08\u002F26\u002Fireland-wrestles-with-catholicism-as-the-religion-plunges-in-popularity\"\u003Eaverage age\u003C\u002Fa\u003E for an Irish priest is hovering around 70. But Irish leadership is not giving up hope of rekindling the ailing profession as Church leaders begin to actively recruit priests from abroad.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190927-the-imported-priests-saving-irelands-ageing-clergy-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p07phmcy"],"imageAlignment":"right","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190927-the-imported-priests-saving-irelands-ageing-clergy-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EThe great decline\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ELast year the Irish Examiner \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.irishexaminer.com\u002Fireland\u002Fspecial-report--diocese-by-diocese-the-state-of-the-catholic-church-on-the-island-of-ireland-today-469022.html\"\u003Epublished a report\u003C\u002Fa\u003E on the state of Ireland’s dioceses, which brought their struggles to light. For example, in the Diocese of Kerry, there were just 54 priests for 53 parishes. Of the 54 priests, only six were younger than 50.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EDublin’s Archbishop, Diarmuid Martin, said \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.dublindiocese.ie\u002Fthe-church-in-dublin-in-10-years-time\u002F\"\u003Ein a speech\u003C\u002Fa\u003E in Dublin in November 2017 that 57% of Dublin’s priests were older than 60 – that number is projected to increase to 75% by 2030. Further estimates show that just one new priest younger than the age of 40 will join the priesthood in Dublin every year until 2030.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn short, the number of priests dying or retiring far outweighs the number joining the ranks.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThese demographics are why Father Finton Monahan, the Bishop of Killaloe diocese, has established relationships with bishops in Kerala, where vocations are stronger. He has begun placing priests from the Indian state in parishes throughout his dioceses. Four priests are from Kerala – Kochuveettil, and Fathers Rexon Chullickal, Joy Micle Njarakattuvely and Antony Puthiyaveettil – and one priest, Father Dariusz Plasek, is from Poland. Priests have also come to other dioceses in Ireland from countries such as Romania, Nigeria, Uganda and the Philippines.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190927-the-imported-priests-saving-irelands-ageing-clergy-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"In the 2016 Irish census, ‘no religion’ saw the biggest increase of all faiths, while those identifying as Catholic fell","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190927-the-imported-priests-saving-irelands-ageing-clergy-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EIreland’s clergy decline seems to be a natural outcome of the country’s societal and demographic changes. Ireland, like many European countries, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cso.ie\u002Fen\u002Fcsolatestnews\u002Fpressreleases\u002F2017pressreleases\u002Fpressstatementcensus2016resultsprofile3-anageprofileofireland\u002F\"\u003Eis ageing\u003C\u002Fa\u003E while its birth rate \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.rte.ie\u002Fnews\u002Fireland\u002F2018\u002F0530\u002F967066-birthrate\u002F\"\u003Eis falling\u003C\u002Fa\u003E; according to the 2016 census, the number of people older than 65 \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cso.ie\u002Fen\u002Fcsolatestnews\u002Fpressreleases\u002F2017pressreleases\u002Fpressstatementcensus2016resultsprofile3-anageprofileofireland\u002F\"\u003Eincreased by 19.1%\u003C\u002Fa\u003E since 2011 – double that of people aged 15 to 64. Estimates \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cso.ie\u002Fen\u002Freleasesandpublications\u002Fer\u002Fpme\u002Fpopulationandmigrationestimatesapril2019\u002F\"\u003Ereleased in April\u003C\u002Fa\u003E also revealed a negative net migration for Irish nationals, as 2,100 more left the country than returned in 2018.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EConway points to structural changes in society as an even greater factor. Young men in Ireland have many more secular professional opportunities than they used to, and the priesthood simply does not have the same appeal it once did. And although more groups are advocating for their inclusion Church leadership, women are still barred from the Catholic priesthood globally, which automatically shrinks the recruitment pool by half.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190927-the-imported-priests-saving-irelands-ageing-clergy-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p07phlx2"],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190927-the-imported-priests-saving-irelands-ageing-clergy-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ESettling into home away from home\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EMonahan’s ‘experiment’ has achieved good results in Killaloe.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EKochuveettil says he has connected well with people in Shannon. He says he came to Ireland with limited English-speaking abilities, but the parishioners and fellow priests gave him the confidence he needed to develop those skills. From the start, he routinely received dinner invitations and he and Puthiyaveettil recently accompanied Monahan and about 450 parishioners on a pilgrimage to Lourdes, in France.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“The elderly folk, they’ve adopted them as their grandsons,” Monahan jokes, referring to the comparatively youthful Kochuveettil and Puthiyaveettil, who is in his 20s. “They really took to them, big time.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EFellow priest Chullickal, who is based in Nenagh Parish in County Tipperary, describes his parishioners as very generous. He was touched when they put their money together and raised €2,100 for his home diocese of Cochin after monsoon rains swept through the region in June. “I did not ask them to do this,” he says.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190927-the-imported-priests-saving-irelands-ageing-clergy-8"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p07pk2bx"],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190927-the-imported-priests-saving-irelands-ageing-clergy-9"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EChullickal has been in Tipperary since November 2017 and says he’d be thrilled to renew his tenure in Ireland after his three-year term is up next year.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAlthough everyone is happy with how things have played out, Monahan says recruiting priests from abroad is not currently the only long-term solution to the priesthood’s woes. The Irish Church is also encouraging lay people to take up greater roles in day-to-day operations and, despite the odds, leadership is still determined to increase homegrown vocations.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBut even getting people – especially youth – to Mass has been a tough sell, says Kochuveettil.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EConway says Ireland, in what amounts to a historical reversal, has now become a mission country itself. Although a Catholic renaissance could be possible, he believes that the Church may continue to shrink to the point where it is akin to a minority church.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190927-the-imported-priests-saving-irelands-ageing-clergy-10"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"The elderly folk, they’ve adopted [the new priests] as their grandsons – Father Finton Monahan","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190927-the-imported-priests-saving-irelands-ageing-clergy-11"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EOthers are more optimistic. Margaret Cartwright, the director of Vocations Ireland, says she has personally experienced an upward trend in interest from young people in her efforts to recruit them to religious life. She says that stems from her plan to help religious orders modernise their recruitment tactics, so they can communicate more easily with younger generations.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThere is, in fact, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.irishtimes.com\u002Fnews\u002Fsocial-affairs\u002Freligion-and-beliefs\u002Fthe-faith-of-ireland-s-catholics-continues-despite-all-1.3592019\"\u003Esome statistical evidence\u003C\u002Fa\u003E that Catholicism can still captivate Ireland. Irish Catholics between the ages of 16 and 29 actually attend weekly Mass at the third highest rate in Europe after Poland and Portugal. The number is declining, but still healthier than most of the continent.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EFor now, as the elders that led the Church are ageing out, Kochuveettil is hopeful that he and other younger priests from abroad can keep the flame burning – and the priesthood thriving. “It’s there in these people’s blood,” says Kochuveettil. “But it’s in a dormant state. If they get a kind of spark, it will become a big fire.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190927-the-imported-priests-saving-irelands-ageing-clergy-12"}],"collection":["worklife\u002Fpremium-collection\u002Fgeneration-project"],"disableAdverts":true,"displayDate":"2019-10-08T20:54:27Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","geolocation":null,"headlineLong":"The ‘imported’ priests saving Ireland’s ageing clergy","headlineShort":"The ‘imported’ priests of Ireland","image":["p07phm3s"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"","isSyndicated":true,"latitude":"","location":null,"longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":null,"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"worklife","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":["p07phlx2"],"relatedStories":null,"relatedTag":null,"summaryLong":"Ireland’s population is rapidly ageing – and so too are its Catholic priests. Some Church leaders are looking abroad for younger talent to help fill the ranks.","summaryShort":"Can clergy from abroad save Ireland’s ageing Church?","tag":["tag\u002Fpopulation-paradox"],"creationDateTime":"2019-10-07T19:50:26.060932Z","entity":"article","guid":"b772e687-74b5-473f-94e8-333dbda80118","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190927-the-imported-priests-saving-irelands-ageing-clergy","modifiedDateTime":"2019-10-07T20:12:42.455525Z","project":"worklife","slug":"20190927-the-imported-priests-saving-irelands-ageing-clergy","cacheLastUpdated":1571107324386},"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190925-the-holiday-paradise-going-green-amid-a-tourist-boom":{"urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:article:worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190925-the-holiday-paradise-going-green-amid-a-tourist-boom","_id":"5d9db31db8bc804d7b8794c3","ambientVideo":null,"articleType":"video","assetVideo":["p07p8hr4"],"author":["worklife\u002Fauthor\u002Fbryan-lufkin-video-by-komeil-soheili"],"bodyIntro":"The South Korean holiday province of Jeju needs to find a sustainable energy solution to ensure a thriving future. One tiny island off the coast may provide a blueprint.","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003ECould a tiny island become the blueprint for an entire nation to drastically reduce its carbon emissions?\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIt’s a hypothesis currently being tested on Gapado, a speck of land off the southern coast of South Korea. With fewer than 200 residents on less than 1 sq km, two wind turbines already ensure much of the community’s energy is renewable, and a large proportion of the homes are solar powered. The island produces more energy than it consumes, and stores the excess on a self-contained grid.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EGapado is a test case in a bigger project to curb emissions from the entire Jeju province by 2030. It’s a bold plan, especially given the region’s reputation as a tourism hotspot: Gapado lies just off Jejudo, a large tropical getaway with more than 15 million visitors a year.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThough the number of holidaymakers is expected to rise, the tourist-clogged province wants to convert all vehicles and electricity generation to renewable energy by the end of the next decade. That plan, however, says nothing of the carbon emissions caused by planes: the flight route between Jeju International and Seoul Gimpo earned the title of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.telegraph.co.uk\u002Ftravel\u002Flists\u002Fbusiest-air-route-jeju-island-south-korea\u002F\"\u003Ethe world’s busiest \u003C\u002Fa\u003Ein 2018, with 76,000 fights to and from Seoul.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EA hotel- and airplane-filled hotspot setting such an ambitious environmental goal may sound zealous. But the project, which emphasises renewable energy such as solar and wind, is a crucial one for places like Jeju – because its future as a destination may depend on it.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“The effects of climate change, like sea level rise, will impact islands around the world,” says Kass Rohrbach, a deputy director at environmental organisation the Sierra Club.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThese days, ‘zero-carbon’ projects – places trying to decrease the harmful carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuels – are common all over the world. They are trying to counteract the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.wri.org\u002Fblog\u002F2018\u002F12\u002Fnew-global-co2-emissions-numbers-are-they-re-not-good\"\u003E37 gigatonnes of global CO2 emissions that were recorded last year, a number that keeps rising\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. Plus, this week, a landmark United Nations report warned that global average sea levels \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fnews\u002Fscience-environment-49817804\"\u003Ecould rise up to 1.1m by 2100\u003C\u002Fa\u003E – bad news for islands like Jeju.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe good news is, though small, Gapado could show the rest of South Korea how sustainability is done. And it’s also all part of a growing global effort.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“Two countries, Bhutan and Suriname, are already carbon-neutral,” points out Jacob Corvidae, a zero-carbon city expert at the Rocky Mountain Institute, a US clean energy organisation. “We already have commitments to carbon neutrality that accounts for 16% of the world's GDP. We expect this number to grow dramatically in the next decade.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESo as other destinations look to do the same, Jeju’s Gapado might well provide a model for a carbon-free future.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EDrone footage by Son Yunjae.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"infographic","imageAlignment":"centre","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190925-the-holiday-paradise-going-green-amid-a-tourist-boom-0"}],"collection":["worklife\u002Fpremium-collection\u002Fgeneration-project"],"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2019-09-26T15:40:03Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","geolocation":null,"headlineLong":"The tiny island that aims to become a carbon-neutral paradise","headlineShort":"Where most homes are solar-powered","image":["p07p8hrp"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"","isSyndicated":false,"latitude":"","location":null,"longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":null,"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"worklife","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":["p07pct6l"],"relatedStories":["worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190905-living-without-electricity-in-the-heart-of-seoul","worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190826-the-holiday-islands-where-locals-have-nowhere-to-live","worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190910-the-major-cities-being-designed-for-adults-not-families"],"relatedTag":null,"summaryLong":"The South Korean holiday province of Jeju needs to find a sustainable energy solution to ensure a thriving future. One tiny island off the coast may provide a blueprint.","summaryShort":"How one tiny S Korean island could provide a blueprint for a sustainable future","tag":["tag\u002Fchanging-home"],"creationDateTime":"2019-09-25T19:58:26.718987Z","entity":"article","guid":"669a3c78-e446-43be-865f-acbfff00f7fa","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190925-the-holiday-paradise-going-green-amid-a-tourist-boom","modifiedDateTime":"2019-10-01T06:28:27.879452Z","project":"worklife","slug":"20190925-the-holiday-paradise-going-green-amid-a-tourist-boom","cacheLastUpdated":1571107324424},"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190826-the-child-free-couples-who-treat-their-pets-like-children":{"urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:article:worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190826-the-child-free-couples-who-treat-their-pets-like-children","_id":"5d9db31cb8bc804d7b878dc3","ambientVideo":null,"articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":[],"bodyIntro":"As the number of US couples without children increases, a growing number of them are favouring – and pampering – pets as they would kids.","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EIn Ypsilanti, in the US state of Michigan, Lisa Rochow sits beside her partner, Cameron Wheeler, as their Siberian Husky puppy crawls over their laps. Even though Aery, who keeps trying to wander off the couch, is a new addition to the family, both Rochow and Wheeler look relaxed for first-time ‘parents’.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAery is their baby: they won’t be having children. Rochow, 24, a graduate student in social work; Wheeler, 26, a high-school history teacher preparing for graduate school; and Aery, the nine-week-old puppy, make up a complete family unit.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“I feel like I would be giving up a lot of my life to be a parent,” says Rochow. “That would cost money, that would cost time, that would cost things that you want to do.” Wheeler adds that he’d constantly worry about a child – “more so than most parents”.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBut “being child-free, a puppy has always been on the radar,” says Rochow, who knew she didn’t want kids as early as high school. When she met Wheeler on Tinder at a music festival, he felt the same way about being child-free.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"infographic","imageAlignment":"centre","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190826-the-child-free-couples-who-treat-their-pets-like-children-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Video","iFrameType":"","videoUrn":[],"id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190826-the-child-free-couples-who-treat-their-pets-like-children-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EVideo by Anna Pazos.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“I think somewhere in my college career, probably in graduate school, I just kind of started getting more engaged in the political atmosphere, and I learned a lot about climate change issues,” he says. “I kind of took the perspective that I don’t think it’s responsible for me to bring a child into this world.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe couple are part of an increasingly vocal group of people who have decided to remain staunchly child-free. They feel that the money they’re saving by not having children can instead go toward pursuing their respective careers and embracing their hobbies – and it will make Aery’s life better, too.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EThe child-free choice\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThroughout the past several decades, the number of married couples in the United States and UK without children has increased. In 1970, 40% of married couples had kids, while just 20% did in 2012, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.census.gov\u002Fprod\u002F2013pubs\u002Fp20-570.pdf\"\u003Eaccording to the US Census Bureau\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. Though this statistic doesn’t account for unmarried couples with children, it still demonstrates a change in the traditional family unit.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAnd research by the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics showed that married couples who didn’t have children living at home \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bls.gov\u002Fopub\u002Fbtn\u002Fvolume-2\u002Fpdf\u002Fspending-on-pets.pdf\"\u003Espent more money on their pets\u003C\u002Fa\u003E than any other type of family unit between 2007 and 2011 (these numbers may include couples whose kids have grown up and moved out).\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“One way that child-free families express their nurturing side is through their connection with pets,” says Dr Amy Blackstone, a sociology professor at the University of Maine and the author of Childfree by Choice: The Movement Redefining Family and Creating a New Age of Independence.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190826-the-child-free-couples-who-treat-their-pets-like-children-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"I kind of took the perspective that I don’t think it’s responsible for me to bring a child into this world – Lisa Rochow","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190826-the-child-free-couples-who-treat-their-pets-like-children-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EBlackstone has been researching “the child-free choice” since 2008. “I got into it out of a personal quest more than a professional one,” she says. Around the time she submitted her paperwork for a permanent role at the university, three close friends confided in her that they were pregnant. She decided it was an opportune time to focus her research on parenthood. “I realised, as my friends revealed to me that they were feeling the pull toward motherhood, that I didn’t share those feelings,” she says.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAt first, Blackstone thought there might be something wrong with her. She was happily married to her high school sweetheart, Lance. They’d previously discussed having children – only to brush it off because they were “too young”. When their mid-thirties arrived, it would just happen, they figured. They’d want children.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBut it didn’t. “Neither of us was feeling interested at that point,” she says.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBlackstone and her husband had owned a cat but, as it turns out, both were allergic to it. In her exploration of child-free living, however, Blackstone encountered many couples and individuals who considered their pets to be something like human children.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“One of the most striking examples was a [child-free] man that I interviewed who had just recently quit his job because he learned from his vet that his dog was dying, and he wanted to be with the dog for the remaining weeks of his life,” she says. He got to care for his dog “as you imagine somebody might for a child, or an ailing parent”.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190826-the-child-free-couples-who-treat-their-pets-like-children-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190826-the-child-free-couples-who-treat-their-pets-like-children-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EThere was also a child-free couple who divorced and had to determine custody for their cats. “They both considered their cats their kids,” says Blackstone. Ultimately, one of the former partners got to keep the cats at home, while the other agreed to regular visitation rights.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESimilarly, Ben Lenovitz, a pet portrait artist based in New York City, marvels at the way a child-free couple in their forties spoke about their dogs, whose portraits they’d commissioned. They’d rescued one of the dogs, who’d been found after Hurricane Sandy hit the city in 2012. “It’s their baby, the way [this man] talked about his dog,” says Lenovitz, whose pet portraits can run upward of $160.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EFur babies?\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESearch for \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.urbandictionary.com\u002Fdefine.php?term=Furbaby\"\u003Ethe term ‘fur baby’\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, and you’ll find several definitions of a pet for child-free couples.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBut the idea of pets replacing kids is a contentious topic in the child-free community. In the r\u002Fchildfree subreddit, which has 594,000 members who discuss their choices to live child-free, some bristle at the idea of assuming a child-to-pet equivalency. Others readily confess to having “cats instead of children”.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190826-the-child-free-couples-who-treat-their-pets-like-children-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"I realised, as my friends revealed to me that they were feeling the pull toward motherhood, that I didn’t share those feelings – Amy Blackstone","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190826-the-child-free-couples-who-treat-their-pets-like-children-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E“We see our cat as part of our family, for sure,” says Maxine Trump, the married, child-free filmmaker behind To Kid or Not to Kid, a film that debunks the stereotypes associated with people who choose not to have children. “But I definitely don’t say, ‘Oh, my baby.’”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ETrump, 49, is British and bounces back and forth between New York and the UK. She lives with her husband, Josh Granger, 45, and their cat, Oscar Wilde (“I hate saying his last name,” she says). Their travel-heavy lifestyle was part of the reason why Trump didn’t want children, and why a cat suits them just fine.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“I had some upset with friends,” she says of her choice to “come out” as child-free, but making the film “was like therapy”. When she started the endeavour, about seven years ago, there wasn’t a lot of information available for the child-free-by-choice.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190826-the-child-free-couples-who-treat-their-pets-like-children-8"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190826-the-child-free-couples-who-treat-their-pets-like-children-9"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003ENow, she says, there’s much more. “It’s exciting because it really feels like, could we be turning the corner where people aren’t seen as strange or an outcast … for making this decision?”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EFor Rochow and Wheeler, and other young, child-free couples both in the US and abroad, the decision to not have children makes as much sense as adopting a pet.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“We had a little bit of a scare with Aery last week,” says Rochow, who reacted as any new parent would when their baby shows signs of a potential illness, and quickly took Aery to the vet. “She ended up going to the emergency room for dogs. It ended up being less than $1,000, and I just imagine an ER visit in an ambulance – or even just an ER visit for a baby – would not be anywhere less than $1,000. There’s no way.” (In many US cases, she is \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.usatoday.com\u002Fstory\u002Fnews\u002Fhealth\u002F2019\u002F06\u002F04\u002Fhospital-billing-code-changes-help-explain-176-surge-er-costs\u002F1336321001\u002F\"\u003Ecorrect about the cost\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.)\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBut in addition to conserving money, Rochow says their decision is saving them the “emotional toll” of having children, too.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“I’m a social worker,” she says. “I know what it’s like for humans out there. And being able to give a child all of what it needs – I really feel like I can’t do that.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190826-the-child-free-couples-who-treat-their-pets-like-children-10"}],"collection":[],"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2019-09-02T15:35:34Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","geolocation":null,"headlineLong":"The child-free couples who treat their pets like children","headlineShort":"The couples who choose pets over kids","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"","isSyndicated":false,"latitude":"","location":null,"longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":null,"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"worklife","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":null,"relatedStories":[],"relatedTag":null,"summaryLong":"As the number of US couples without children increases, a growing number of them are favouring – and pampering – pets as they would kids.","summaryShort":"A growing number of child-free couples pick 'kids' with paws","tag":[],"creationDateTime":"2019-09-02T01:19:06.051958Z","entity":"article","guid":"04816710-5a0b-47c7-8149-c0685c96ec91","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190826-the-child-free-couples-who-treat-their-pets-like-children","modifiedDateTime":"2019-09-30T20:27:35.009786Z","project":"worklife","slug":"20190826-the-child-free-couples-who-treat-their-pets-like-children","cacheLastUpdated":1571107324434},"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190930-the-untapped-potential-of-the-longevity-economy":{"urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:article:worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190930-the-untapped-potential-of-the-longevity-economy","_id":"5d9f3ae5b8bc804d7b266e80","ambientVideo":null,"articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":["worklife\u002Fauthor\u002Fmari-shibata"],"bodyIntro":"With increased lifespans, elders are living thousands of days longer. That’s very good news for the global economy.","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EYouth may be poised to inherit the future, but now ageing populations are defining it.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn 2018, for the first time in history, those \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Funitednations-my.sharepoint.com\u002Fpersonal\u002Fkostova_un_org\u002FDocuments\u002FDocuments\u002Fpopulation.un.org\u002Fwpp\u002F\"\u003Eaged 65 or older outnumbered children younger than five\u003C\u002Fa\u003E globally. And the number of people aged 80 years or older is projected to triple, from 143 million in 2019 to 426 million in 2050.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe population aged 65 and older is growing faster than all other age groups, especially as the global birth rate has been plummeting since the second half of the 20th Century. According to the World Health Organization, fertility rates in every region except Africa are near or below what’s considered the ‘replacement rate’ – the level needed to keep a population stable. In most high-income countries this hovers around 2.1 children per woman.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe population isn’t just ageing, though: people are living longer and increasing their ‘healthspan’ for prolonged health, too. That means that as the population of elders increases, so grows a group of consumers, workers and innovators. In other words, they’re not simply a group that needs services from the ‘silver economy’, which is aimed solely at older and ageing people – rather, the ageing population can continue to be full-service participants in the economy at large.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“We’re now talking about a new life stage which is as long as the latter part of your adult life,” says Dr Joseph Coughlin, director of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology AgeLab and author of Longevity Economy: Unlocking the World’s Fastest-Growing, Most Misunderstood Market.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"infographic","imageAlignment":"centre","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190930-the-untapped-potential-of-the-longevity-economy-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p07pqqvt"],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190930-the-untapped-potential-of-the-longevity-economy-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003ELife stages can be quantified in fairly equal measurements of days, he says: 0 to 21, 21 to 40 and 40 to retirement age all measure about 8,000 days. “If you make it to 65 years old, you have more than 50% chance you’ll make it over age 85 – that’s [another] 8,000 days. So we’re now looking at a third of our adult life where there are no stories, tools, rewards or expectations.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAs elders live longer and healthier lives, and continue to actively participate in the global economy, possibilities open to potentially turn longevity into an asset for society.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn 2015, Americans aged 50 and older \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.oxfordeconomics.com\u002Frecent-releases\u002Fthe-longevity-economy?mod=article_inline\"\u003Egenerated nearly $8 trillion\u003C\u002Fa\u003E worth of economic activity. The Boston Consulting Group projects that by 2030, the 55-plus population in the US will have accounted for \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bcg.com\u002Fdocuments\u002Ffile93352.pdf?mod=article_inline\"\u003Ehalf of all domestic consumer spending growth\u003C\u002Fa\u003E since the global financial crisis. The number rises to 67% in Japan and 86% in Germany.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWith elders driving a substantial portion of the world’s economic activity now and in the future, the ‘longevity economy’ could open up currently untapped opportunities for growth.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190930-the-untapped-potential-of-the-longevity-economy-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"We’re now looking at a third of our adult life where there are no stories, tools, rewards or expectations – Joseph Coughlin","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190930-the-untapped-potential-of-the-longevity-economy-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EChallenging ‘oldness’\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EGlobal societal ageing has generally been considered detrimental to a country’s economic health, since it reduces the workforce and increases burdens on healthcare systems.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAt this year’s G20 meeting in Japan, where ageing was on the priority list for discussion for the first time, Bank of Japan Governor Haruhiko Kuroda said that an ageing population could pose “serious challenges” for central banks.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EA recent United Nations \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fpopulation.un.org\u002Fwpp\u002FPublications\u002FFiles\u002FWPP2019_Highlights.pdf\"\u003Ereport\u003C\u002Fa\u003E also warned that global ageing would increase the “fiscal pressures that many countries will face in the coming decades as they seek to build and maintain public systems of health care, pensions and social protection for older persons”. This could be particularly impactful for the many countries around the world with growing numbers of retirees.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190930-the-untapped-potential-of-the-longevity-economy-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p07pqr00"],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190930-the-untapped-potential-of-the-longevity-economy-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EBut MIT’s Coughlin thinks that even though populations may be ageing in significant numbers, we can’t let the idea of ‘oldness’ and its implications stifle the way we think about economic opportunity. He argues that oldness is a social construct that doesn’t reflect how people realistically live after middle age, and says that businesses need to serve what older people actually want, not what conventional wisdom suggests they need. That’s not just cars for old men, say, but rather fun, fashion and far more.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“It’s about being ‘ageless’ – things that are more personalised, more focused on well-being, on things being very easy. Those value sets are generationally agnostic,” says Coughlin. He adds that although millennial demands are linked to the rise of the on-demand economy, older adults benefit immensely from its convenience. “For the really old, it’s turned into a virtual assistance living.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190930-the-untapped-potential-of-the-longevity-economy-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"As elders live longer and healthier lives, possibilities open to potentially turn longevity into an asset for society.","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190930-the-untapped-potential-of-the-longevity-economy-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EAlthough there isn’t a lot of research available about the longevity economy itself, what’s clear is that if businesses are able to tap this ageing consumer base in this new phase of their lives, that could mean major opportunity. After all, these groups are spending. KPMG’s 2017 \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fassets.kpmg\u002Fcontent\u002Fdam\u002Fkpmg\u002Fxx\u002Fpdf\u002F2017\u002F01\u002Fthe-truth-about-online-consumers.pdf\"\u003Ereport\u003C\u002Fa\u003E of online consumers in 51 countries revealed that baby boomers spend the most online at $203 on average per transaction, compared to ‘tech-savvy’ millennials, who actually spend the least at $173 on average.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe biggest market for the longevity economy may be Japan, the world’s fastest ageing nation. From small conveniences, such as providing reading glasses labelled “feel free to use these” at post offices, banks and hotels, to larger structural improvements such as providing buttons at pedestrian crossings that can be pushed to provide extra time to cross, modern Japanese culture accommodates everyday needs to its ageing population.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWith at least 20% of Japan’s current population older than 70, its inclusive culture is also reflected in how elders consume right alongside the younger generations – at local swimming pools, on package holidays and in exercise classes to name a few. The emergence of a new generation of elders online – such as \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.instagram.com\u002Fbonpon511\u002F\"\u003EBon and Pon\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, who share snaps of their travels and activities by wearing matching outfits – is an example of how elderly generations are consuming and enjoying life like younger people.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EProlonging employees’ working lives\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EA key part of longevity and increased healthspan is the freedom to work. When workers are living healthier, longer lives, an ageing workforce can be an opportunity to reap what consultancy Deloitte calls the ‘longevity dividend’ – being able to boost economic productivity from older employees.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn Germany, keeping ageing workers on the job is a matter of national economic stability. More than 21% of the German population is older than 65. Credit rating agency Moody’s says that Germany’s ageing population poses risks to its economic strength; if Germany ever loses its triple-A credit rating, Moody’s has warned that the likely reason will be “the impact of demographic change on the German economy and social security systems”.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn light of health and life expectancy advances, a German aged 65 today is expected to live about another 20 years, according to the OECD. Yet due to the physically demanding nature of the manufacturing industry, retaining workers on factory floors until retirement age will continue to be a challenge.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190930-the-untapped-potential-of-the-longevity-economy-8"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p07pqqfx"],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190930-the-untapped-potential-of-the-longevity-economy-9"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003ESome German companies are using advances in technology to accommodate ageing workers and keep them active. At Porsche’s plant in Leipzig, ergonomics are deployed to help workers who typically operate in hour-long shifts, rotating from station to station throughout the day. The entire factory is mapped out with a traffic-light system indicating ergonomic comfort, so managers can schedule shifts that ensure body parts are not burdened.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“The aim of ergonomics is not to react but to be preventive,” says Alissa Frey, ergonomics specialist at Porsche Leipzig. “The rotation between different manufacturing steps helps to prevent one-sided strains. Furthermore, process and component adjustments, force limits, height-adjustable workspaces, handling-devices and supporting systems as well as an appropriate deployment of our employees avert a physical overload.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBut whether increased longevity is a burden or a dividend depends on how much societies prepare for the challenges of ageing populations as well as identify and maximise its benefits.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“The baby boomers have created a next generation,” says Coughlin. “So there is the expectation that while they’re no longer young, they do feel perennially youthful. They not just expect, but in many cases demand new products, new services, new experiences, to make every stage of life – if not every day – a little bit better.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190930-the-untapped-potential-of-the-longevity-economy-10"}],"collection":["worklife\u002Fpremium-collection\u002Fgeneration-project"],"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2019-10-10T19:12:03Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","geolocation":null,"headlineLong":"The untapped potential of the ‘longevity economy’","headlineShort":"The boomers spending like millennials","image":["p07pqq8f"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"","isSyndicated":true,"latitude":"","location":null,"longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":null,"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"worklife","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":["p07pqqvt"],"relatedStories":["worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190913-how-to-slow-down-the-worlds-fastest-shrinking-country","worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190927-the-imported-priests-saving-irelands-ageing-clergy","worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190920-the-couples-reconsidering-kids-because-of-climate-change"],"relatedTag":null,"summaryLong":"With increased lifespans, elders are living thousands of days longer. That’s very good news for the global economy.","summaryShort":"With thousands of extra days to live, seniors could drive the economy forward","tag":["tag\u002Fpopulation-paradox"],"creationDateTime":"2019-10-09T19:38:20.711048Z","entity":"article","guid":"7d626b45-25e8-4296-a099-ac4b4e1913c8","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190930-the-untapped-potential-of-the-longevity-economy","modifiedDateTime":"2019-10-10T14:06:12.563241Z","project":"worklife","slug":"20190930-the-untapped-potential-of-the-longevity-economy","cacheLastUpdated":1571107324324},"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191004-lane-moore-how-to-speak-in-front-of-crowds":{"urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:article:worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191004-lane-moore-how-to-speak-in-front-of-crowds","_id":"5d9db31db8bc804d7b879621","ambientVideo":null,"articleType":"video","assetVideo":["p07q5cgj"],"author":null,"bodyIntro":"Stand-up comics face some of the toughest audiences ever. What can they teach us about talking to a room full of strangers?","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EIf you’ve ever had to speak in front of a crowd, then you’ve probably felt the rising fear of saying the wrong thing or having an audience that wasn’t too receptive.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cbr \u002F\u003ESo how can you prepare for the worst?\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cbr \u002F\u003EBBC Worklife talked to comedian and writer Lane Moore, who knows better than most what it’s like to go in front of a crowd knowing there’s a high possibility that they “do not like my baked goods”.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EVideo by Sana Malik. Animations by Leah Dubuc.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"infographic","imageAlignment":"centre","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191004-lane-moore-how-to-speak-in-front-of-crowds-0"}],"collection":null,"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2019-10-06T06:37:07Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","geolocation":null,"headlineLong":"Lane Moore: How to speak in front of crowds","headlineShort":"A comedian’s guide to public speaking","image":["p07q292j"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"","isSyndicated":false,"latitude":"","location":null,"longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":[{"Content":{"Description":"Apple News Publish: Select to publish, remove to unpublish. (Do not just delete or unpublish the story)","Name":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Metadata":{"CreationDateTime":"2016-02-05T14:32:31.186819Z","Entity":"option","Guid":"13f4bc85-ae27-4a34-9397-0e6ad3619619","Id":"option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","ModifiedDateTime":"2016-02-05T14:32:31.186819Z","Project":"","Slug":"publish-applenews-system-1"},"Urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:option:option\u002Fpublish-applenews-system-1","_id":"5d9db3bdb8bc804d7b8cbcf4"}],"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"worklife","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":null,"relatedStories":null,"relatedTag":null,"summaryLong":"Stand-up comics face some of the toughest audiences ever. What can they teach us about talking to a room full of strangers?","summaryShort":"Tough crowd? Here’s how to make them listen","tag":null,"creationDateTime":"2019-10-04T05:42:02.501976Z","entity":"article","guid":"8ff39036-b1a9-4c84-8f3e-a246db454cd5","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191004-lane-moore-how-to-speak-in-front-of-crowds","modifiedDateTime":"2019-10-04T20:13:12.515834Z","project":"worklife","slug":"20191004-lane-moore-how-to-speak-in-front-of-crowds","cacheLastUpdated":1571107324387},"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191001-the-bias-behind-the-worlds-greatest-catastrophes":{"urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:article:worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191001-the-bias-behind-the-worlds-greatest-catastrophes","_id":"5d9db31db8bc804d7b87959a","ambientVideo":null,"articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":["worklife\u002Fauthor\u002Fdavid-robson"],"bodyIntro":"The outcome bias erodes your sense of risk and makes you blind to error, explaining everything from fatal plane crashes to the Columbia crash and the Deepwater Horizon oil spill.","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EImagine a pilot is taking a familiar flight along a known route, during which the weather takes a turn for the worst. She knows that flying through the storm comes with some serious risks – and according to her training, she should take a detour or return. But she has flown the same route before, in similar weather – and she hadn’t experienced any problems then. Should she continue? Or should she turn back?\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIf you believe that she is safe to fly on, then you have fallen for a cognitive quirk known as the “outcome bias”. Studies have shown that we often judge the quality of a decision or behaviour by its endpoint, while ignoring the many mitigating factors that might have contributed to success or failure – and that this can render us oblivious to potentially catastrophic errors in our thinking.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"infographic","imageAlignment":"centre","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191001-the-bias-behind-the-worlds-greatest-catastrophes-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"We often judge the quality of a decision or behaviour by its endpoint, while ignoring the many mitigating factors that might have contributed to success or failure","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191001-the-bias-behind-the-worlds-greatest-catastrophes-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EIn this example, the decision to take the previous flight was itself very risky – and the pilot may have only avoided an accident through a combination of lucky circumstances. But thanks to the outcome bias, she might ignore this possibility and assume that either the dangers had been overrated, or that it was her extraordinary skill that got her through, leading her to feel even happier taking the risk again in the future. And the more she does it, the less concerned about the danger she becomes.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBesides leading us to become increasingly risky in our decision-making, the outcome bias can lead us to ignore incompetence and unethical behaviour in our colleagues. And the consequences can be truly terrifying, with studies suggesting that it has contributed to many famous catastrophes, including the crash of Nasa’s Columbia shuttle and the Deepwater Horizon oil spill.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191001-the-bias-behind-the-worlds-greatest-catastrophes-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p07ptljk"],"imageAlignment":"right","imageAltText":"Deepwater Horizon spill","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191001-the-bias-behind-the-worlds-greatest-catastrophes-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EThe end, not the means\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ELike much of our understanding of human irrationality, the outcome bias was first observed in the 1980s, with \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.sas.upenn.edu\u002F~baron\u002Fpapers\u002Foutcomebias.pdf\"\u003Ea seminal study of medical decision-making\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EParticipants were given descriptions of various scenarios, including the risks and benefits of the different procedures, and then asked to rate the quality of the doctors’ judgement.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe participants were told about a doctor’s choice to offer a patient a heart bypass, for instance – potentially adding many more years of good health, but with a small chance of death during the operation. Perhaps predictably, the participants judged the doctor’s decision far more harshly if they were told the patient subsequently died than when they were told that the patient lived – even though the benefits and risks were exactly the same in each case.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe outcome bias is so deeply ingrained in our brains that it’s easy to understand why they would feel that the doctor should be punished for the patient’s death. Yet the participants’ reasoning is not logical, since there would have been no better way for the doctor to have weighed up that evidence – at the time of making the decision there was every chance the operation would have been a success. Once you know about the tragedy, however, it’s hard to escape that nagging feeling that the doctor was nevertheless at fault – leading the participants to question his competence.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191001-the-bias-behind-the-worlds-greatest-catastrophes-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"Negative results lead us to blame someone for events that were clearly beyond their control, even when we know all the facts that excuse their decision-making","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191001-the-bias-behind-the-worlds-greatest-catastrophes-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E“We just have a hard time dissociating the random events that, along with the quality of the decision, jointly contribute to the outcome,” explains Krishna Savani at the Nanyang Technological University in Singapore.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe finding, published in 1988, has been replicated many times, showing that negative results lead us to blame someone for events that were clearly beyond their control, even when we know all the facts that excuse their decision-making. And we now know that the opposite is also true: thanks to the outcome bias, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fpapers.ssrn.com\u002Fsol3\u002Fpapers.cfm?abstract_id=1099464\"\u003Ea positive result can lead us to ignore flawed decision-making that should be kept in check\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, giving people a free pass for unacceptable behaviour.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191001-the-bias-behind-the-worlds-greatest-catastrophes-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p07ptly3"],"imageAlignment":"left","imageAltText":"Doctors performing surgery","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191001-the-bias-behind-the-worlds-greatest-catastrophes-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EIn \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fhbswk.hbs.edu\u002Fitem\u002Fno-harm-no-foul-the-outcome-bias-in-ethical-judgments\"\u003Eone experiment by Francesca Gino at Harvard Business School\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, participants were told a story about a scientist who fudged their results to prove the efficacy of a drug they were testing. Gino found that the participants were less critical of the scientist’s behaviour if the drug turned out to be safe and effective than if it turned out to have dangerous side effects. Ideally, of course, you would judge both situations equally harshly – since an employee who behaves so irresponsibly could be a serious liability in the future.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESuch flawed thinking is a serious issue when considering things like promotion. It means that an investor, say, could be rewarded for a lucky streak in their performance even if there is clear evidence of incompetent or unethical behaviour, since their boss is unable to disconnect their decision-making from their results. Conversely, it shows how a failure can subtly harm your reputation even if there is clear evidence that you had acted appropriately based on the information at hand.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191001-the-bias-behind-the-worlds-greatest-catastrophes-8"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"It’s a big problem that people are either being praised, or being blamed, for events that were largely determined by chance – Krishna Savani","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191001-the-bias-behind-the-worlds-greatest-catastrophes-9"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E“It’s a big problem that people are either being praised, or being blamed, for events that were largely determined by chance,” says Savani. “And this is relevant for government policy makers, for business managers – for anyone who's making a decision.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe outcome bias may even affect our understand of sport. Arturo Rodriguez at the University of Chile recently examined pundits’ ratings of footballers on \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.goal.com\u002F\"\u003EGoal.com\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. In games that had to be decided by penalty shootouts, he found that the results of those few short minutes at the end of the game \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.sciencedirect.com\u002Fscience\u002Farticle\u002Fpii\u002FS0167487017307614\"\u003Eswayed the experts’ judgements of the players’ performance throughout the whole match\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. Crucially, that was even true for the players who hadn’t scored any goals. “The result of the shoot-out had a significant impact on the individual evaluation of the players – even if they didn’t participate in it,” Rodriguez says. They could simply bask in the victory of others.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191001-the-bias-behind-the-worlds-greatest-catastrophes-10"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p07ptlvw"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Kids playing football","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191001-the-bias-behind-the-worlds-greatest-catastrophes-11"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ENear misses\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe outcome bias’s most serious consequences, however, concern our perceptions of risk.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EOne study of general aviation, for instance, examined \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1002\u002Facp.3225\"\u003Epilots’ evaluations of flying under perilous weather conditions\u003C\u002Fa\u003E with poor visibility. It found that pilots were more likely to underestimate the dangers of the flight if they had just heard that another pilot had successfully made it through the same route. In reality, there is no guarantee that their success would mean a safe passage for the second flight – they may have only made it through by luck – but the outcome bias means that the pilots overlooked this fact.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191001-the-bias-behind-the-worlds-greatest-catastrophes-12"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"If someone weathers one storm unscathed, they become less likely to purchase flood insurance before the next disaster","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191001-the-bias-behind-the-worlds-greatest-catastrophes-13"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003ECatherine Tinsley, at Georgetown University, has found a similar pattern in people’s \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com\u002Fdoi\u002Fabs\u002F10.1111\u002Fj.1539-6924.2010.01506.x\"\u003Eresponses to natural disasters like hurricanes\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. If someone weathers one storm unscathed, they become less likely to purchase flood insurance before the next disaster, for instance.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ETinsley’s later research suggests that \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fhbr.org\u002F2011\u002F04\u002Fhow-to-avoid-catastrophe\"\u003Ethis phenomenon may explain many organisational failings and catastrophes\u003C\u002Fa\u003E too. The crash of Nasa’s Columbia shuttle was caused by foam insulation breaking off an external tank during the launch, creating debris that struck a hole through the wing of the orbiter. The foam had broken from the insulation on many previous flights, however – but due to lucky circumstance it had never before created enough damage to cause a crash.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191001-the-bias-behind-the-worlds-greatest-catastrophes-14"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p07ptlsp"],"imageAlignment":"right","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191001-the-bias-behind-the-worlds-greatest-catastrophes-15"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"Organizations should emphasise everyone’s responsibility for spotting latent risks and reward people for reporting them","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191001-the-bias-behind-the-worlds-greatest-catastrophes-16"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EInspired by these findings, Tinsley’s team asked participants to consider a hypothetical mission with a near miss and to rate the project leader’s competence. She found that emphasising factors like safety, and the organisation’s visibility, meant that people were more likely to spot the event as a warning sign of a potential danger. The participants were also more conscious of the latent danger if they were told they would have to explain their judgement to a senior manager. Given these findings, organisations should emphasise everyone’s responsibility for spotting latent risks and reward people for reporting them.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESavani agrees that we can protect ourselves from the outcome bias. He has found, for instance, that priming people to \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.sciencedirect.com\u002Fscience\u002Farticle\u002Fpii\u002FS0749597815000539#b0240\"\u003Ethink more carefully about the context surrounding a decision or behaviour can render them less susceptible to the outcome effect\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. The aim should be to think about the particular circumstances in which it was made and to recognise the factors, including chance, that might have contributed to the end result.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EOne way to do this is to engage in counter-factual thinking when assessing your or someone else’s performance, he says. What factors might have caused that different outcome? And would you still rate the decision or process the same way, if that had occurred?\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EConsider that case of the scientist who was fudging their drug results. Even if the drug was safe in the end, imagining the worst-case scenario – with patient deaths – would make you more conscious of the risks he was taking. Similarly, if you were that pilot who chose to fly in unsuitable conditions, you might look at each flight to examine any risks you were taking and to think through how that might have played out in different circumstances.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWhether you are an investor, a pilot or a Nasa scientist, these strategies to avoid the outcome bias will help prevent a chance success from blinding you to dangers in front of your eyes. Life is a gamble, but you can at least stack the odds in your favour, rather than allowing your mind to lull you into a false sense of security.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E--\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EDavid Robson is a writer based in London and Barcelona. His first book, \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fdavidrobson.me\u002Fthe-intelligence-trap\u002F\"\u003E\u003Cem\u003EThe Intelligence Trap: Why Smart People Do Dumb Things\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E, is out now. He is \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.twitter.com\u002Fd_a_robson\"\u003E\u003Cem\u003Ed_a_robson\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cem\u003E on Twitter.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Chr align=\"left\" size=\"1\" width=\"33%\" \u002F\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191001-the-bias-behind-the-worlds-greatest-catastrophes-17"}],"collection":null,"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2019-10-02T16:55:00Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","geolocation":null,"headlineLong":"The bias that can cause catastrophe","headlineShort":"Is this our most dangerous bias?","image":["p07ptlq4"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Deepwater Horizon explosion","isSyndicated":true,"latitude":"","location":null,"longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":null,"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"worklife","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":null,"relatedStories":null,"relatedTag":["tag\u002Fpsychology"],"summaryLong":"The outcome bias erodes your sense of risk and makes you blind to error, explaining everything from fatal plane crashes to the Columbia crash and the Deepwater Horizon oil spill.","summaryShort":"This cognitive quirk may have been behind some of the greatest catastrophes","tag":["tag\u002Fpsychology"],"creationDateTime":"2019-10-01T19:39:01.013174Z","entity":"article","guid":"1ed4507f-a311-4ad9-a281-861b2e77003c","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20191001-the-bias-behind-the-worlds-greatest-catastrophes","modifiedDateTime":"2019-10-01T21:05:12.984288Z","project":"worklife","slug":"20191001-the-bias-behind-the-worlds-greatest-catastrophes","cacheLastUpdated":1571107324387},"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190827-how-an-environmental-autobiography-shapes-your-perceptions":{"urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:article:worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190827-how-an-environmental-autobiography-shapes-your-perceptions","_id":"5d9db31cb8bc804d7b878e78","ambientVideo":null,"articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":["worklife\u002Fauthor\u002Fpeter-rubinstein"],"bodyIntro":"Perhaps you think that more space in your family home is always better – but how you feel about the space may make more difference than anything else.","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EThe size of our homes shapes so much of our lives.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EA physical home is, after all, the primary place where family members or flatmates interact with one another, and a space’s dimensions and layout act as a foundation for how our relationships develop. The ways the interior is utilised – things such as the division of rooms and the amount of dedicated open space – set up opportunities for and limitations on how we’ll interact with those around us (for better and worse).\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIt may not just be the literal footprint of a space that creates our relationships, though. A small \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.sciencedirect.com\u002Fscience\u002Farticle\u002Fabs\u002Fpii\u002FS0272494418302731\"\u003E2019 research report\u003C\u002Fa\u003E from Brigham Young University, in the US state of Utah, shows that the more positive we feel about our homes, the healthier our interactions in the home can be.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ECarly Thornock, an interior designer, led a research team following 164 families with young children in the western US who came from a wide spectrum of home types and income levels – some with fewer than 100 sq ft of space per person.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EOver two years, they observed how their physical environments related to four basic elements of family functioning: affective responsiveness, emotional expression, acceptance and decision making. The children and parents also took surveys about their family functioning at home, and were asked to rate their level of agreement with statements like “I feel crowded in my house” or “family members feel accepted for what they are”. Researchers then contextualised these answers with variables including the families’ house sizes, income, number of rooms and family members in the home.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe researchers found overall that increases in physical space per person did correspond to happier families. But what truly surprised them was how families perceived that physical space – the amount of space per person, and whether it felt too crowded or distant – had a much greater impact on their relationships.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"infographic","imageAlignment":"centre","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190827-how-an-environmental-autobiography-shapes-your-perceptions-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p07lr5dd"],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190827-how-an-environmental-autobiography-shapes-your-perceptions-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EDiscovering your ‘environmental autobiography’\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EPerceptions of how our physical homes shape us \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fpdfs.semanticscholar.org\u002F4bda\u002F1c21b988370247894101e145dfb3c8fd165b.pdf\"\u003Ebegin to form\u003C\u002Fa\u003E during early childhood. By looking to the homes we’ve grown up in, we can better understand the subconscious reasons for our home preferences and perceptions today.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EDr Toby Israel, design psychologist and author of Some Place Like Home: Using Design Psychology to Create Ideal Places, believes that every person has a distinctive “environmental autobiography”– our own personal history of place. Although often subconscious, our associations and sensations with physical places are reworked, replicated or rejected throughout our lifetime, she says.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EComparing our current spaces to the homes we grew up in can be a fun and insightful way to learn about our own personal histories of place, Israel says. “Very often, people will choose homes with a very similar layout to the homes that they’ve had in childhood. And sometimes they do something totally different.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIt all depends on the experiences you’ve had in the past, and whether you want to change or preserve them.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIsrael remembers working with a couple whose environmental autobiographies first appeared to be in complete conflict. The wife came from a single-family home in the suburbs of New Jersey, on a street busy with children and other families. The husband grew up in a seaside fishing village in Greece surrounded by mountains.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190827-how-an-environmental-autobiography-shapes-your-perceptions-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"Everything is explained by how people feel about their space – Carly Thornock","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190827-how-an-environmental-autobiography-shapes-your-perceptions-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E“He wanted to find a house with lots of land and beauty around it, and he wasn’t so concerned about whether they were in a suburb or by people. And she wanted to find a place that had lots of neighbours, kids for her kids to play with,” Israel says. “And so they were diametrically opposed, it seemed.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBy unearthing their past histories of place through psychological exercises, they were able to understand more directly each other’s home perceptions and ultimately discover common ground. They both had a love of the environment, so they chose a home encircled by woods; it was also part of a development community, with easy access to the neighbourhood. And because the house managed to meet both of their needs, they were more likely to live happily in it.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EFor people living with flatmates who can’t customise an entire house, you can still discover your preferences in spaces like bedrooms. For instance, do you think of your room as a sanctuary or a place to entertain? Or, have you arranged the flat’s common area with separate areas of function versus a large lounge for all? These spaces can reflect the true spatial needs of co-livers – both past and present.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190827-how-an-environmental-autobiography-shapes-your-perceptions-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p07lr5b4"],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190827-how-an-environmental-autobiography-shapes-your-perceptions-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EDesigning mindfully\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIf you’re looking to create better relationships in your home, it’s likely financially prohibitive or just too challenging to simply upsize your space because you want to. But changing our homes for the better is always within reach, says Thornock. The most important thing to remember is that our perceptions are under our control – and these make the biggest impact, even if your space \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fworklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190718-the-arms-length-flats-of-tokyo\"\u003Eisn’t much larger than a cupboard\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“As cities grow that rapidly and there just isn’t enough [space], you have to get creative on the mindset part because, really, your circumstances might not be changeable,” says Thornock. Even if you’re in the same physical place, she says, “there’s always a way to make even the tiniest space work for you”.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EFor instance, Thornock says that if perceived crowding is the issue, you can start by opening the space with lights and mirrors. People need spaces of sanctuary, she says, which sometimes can be as simple as a dividing curtain or a few pillows arranged on the floor.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190827-how-an-environmental-autobiography-shapes-your-perceptions-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"Our perceptions are under our control – and these make the biggest impact, even if your space isn’t much larger than a cupboard","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190827-how-an-environmental-autobiography-shapes-your-perceptions-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EAnother trick Israel recommends is for families to share each other’s home preferences. Draw a layout of your home and ask each member to use different colours to fill in what they believe are the private, semi-private and public spaces. By looking at the same home through different perspectives, she says the problem areas and places for improvement can become more readily apparent.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EImportantly, Thornock says that actively making changes in the name of a healthier home means considering both physical space itself as well as how people communicate within it. Whether it’s a shared apartment with flatmates, or a full family home, designing our spaces with others in mind is key for reaching co-living harmony.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“We need to pay attention to what we’re putting in our home, how we’re moving these structures, and the things that surround us,” she says. In the wake of cultural movements inspired by the likes of ‘tiny homes’ or \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Ffuture\u002Fstory\u002F20190515-can-decluttering-your-house-really-spark-joy\"\u003EMarie Kondo minimalism\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, we’re too often fooled into prioritising the material things and physical spaces around us.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EInstead, taking a page out of Thornock’s study, the real way to make a difference in the way you live may be a matter of focussing on the \u003Cem\u003Epeople\u003C\u002Fem\u003E inside that space.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190827-how-an-environmental-autobiography-shapes-your-perceptions-8"}],"collection":["worklife\u002Fpremium-collection\u002Fgeneration-project"],"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2019-09-09T16:45:59Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","geolocation":null,"headlineLong":"For a happier home life, is bigger always better?","headlineShort":"With a home, is bigger always better?","image":["p07lr563"],"imageAlignment":"left","imageAltText":"","isSyndicated":true,"latitude":"","location":null,"longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":null,"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"worklife","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":null,"relatedStories":null,"relatedTag":null,"summaryLong":"Perhaps you think that more space in your family home is always better – but how you feel about the space may make more difference than anything else.","summaryShort":"Why your ‘environmental autobiography’ may make the biggest difference","tag":["tag\u002Fchanging-home"],"creationDateTime":"2019-09-09T00:59:18.405975Z","entity":"article","guid":"f95365a3-fefd-486c-aaf8-6a648a6e2cd3","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190827-how-an-environmental-autobiography-shapes-your-perceptions","modifiedDateTime":"2019-09-30T21:15:08.549256Z","project":"worklife","slug":"20190827-how-an-environmental-autobiography-shapes-your-perceptions","cacheLastUpdated":1571107324434},"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190828-the-retirees-who-room-with-refugees":{"urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:article:worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190828-the-retirees-who-room-with-refugees","_id":"5d9db31cb8bc804d7b878f8c","ambientVideo":null,"articleType":"video","assetVideo":[],"author":[],"bodyIntro":"Have extra space in your house? A group is matching empty-nest retirees with refugees looking for a place to call home.","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003ELike some retirees, César Heredero has flatmates. But they’re not his contemporaries – instead Heredero, 75, shares his Madrid home with two refugees. “The three of us are delighted,” he says.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAfter raising seven children and subsequently living in a mostly empty home, Heredero connected with an organisation which places asylum seekers looking for places to live with people who are willing to open their homes. He’s now sharing his space with refugees from Syria and Senegal.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“We’re like a family,” says Rabee Aitizeeny, who lives with Heredero. Originally from Syria, he is now studying Spanish every day and getting to know the local community of Pinto (even learning to cook an authentic Spanish paella). “César is like a father to me.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EHeredero agrees. “My routine before was very boring. Now it’s the normal liveliness of a house. And this is something I like.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"infographic","imageAlignment":"centre","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190828-the-retirees-who-room-with-refugees-0"}],"collection":[],"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2019-09-05T21:04:56Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","geolocation":null,"headlineLong":"The retirees who room with refugees","headlineShort":"The retirees who room with refugees","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"","isSyndicated":true,"latitude":"","location":null,"longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":null,"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"worklife","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":null,"relatedStories":[],"relatedTag":null,"summaryLong":"Have extra space in your house? A group is matching empty-nest retirees with refugees looking for a place to call home.","summaryShort":"Refugees are helping solve Spain’s loneliness problem","tag":[],"creationDateTime":"2019-09-04T20:11:12.800128Z","entity":"article","guid":"5ec9ea0f-391d-4936-a027-4d2f523c6376","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190828-the-retirees-who-room-with-refugees","modifiedDateTime":"2019-09-30T21:11:18.832661Z","project":"worklife","slug":"20190828-the-retirees-who-room-with-refugees","cacheLastUpdated":1571107324431},"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190826-the-holiday-islands-where-locals-have-nowhere-to-live":{"urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:article:worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190826-the-holiday-islands-where-locals-have-nowhere-to-live","_id":"5d9db31cb8bc804d7b878dfa","ambientVideo":null,"articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":[],"bodyIntro":"The places where Greek locals can call home are changing – and, in some cases, disappearing – as short-term holiday rentals cannibalise long-term housing arrangements.","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EColette Nolan fell in love with the island of Paros 28 years ago when she moved there from the UK with her Greek now-ex-husband. “All my grandchildren were born and raised here,” the 60-year-old says. “I love being by the sea and the laidback lifestyle.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBut Nolan’s time on the picturesque Cycladic island – famed for its blue-and-white painted houses – may be about to come to an end. Her landlord and landlady are asking her to leave the apartment she has lived in for five years so they can rent part of the property on Airbnb.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“They’re an elderly couple and they stay in the apartment above me for a month or two each summer,” she explains. “They told me they want my apartment back because they are struggling with the stairs. But when I suggested I move upstairs instead, they said their son wants to turn it into an Airbnb.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ETwo-bed apartments like Nolan’s in her area of Paros average about 80 euros a night, versus Nolan’s 100-euro per month rent. That makes earning potential for landlords much higher, especially throughout the high season of June, July and August. This income disparity is one of the reasons that, although Nolan’s contract doesn’t end until next April, they are taking her to court to force her out earlier.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EShe is struggling to find a new home. Nelson lives across the road from her daughter, Katerina Bamboulis, and sees her every day. However, if she can no longer afford the cost of living, she says she may need to return to the UK for better work opportunities, and leave these close ties behind.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EHousing challenges like these are becoming increasingly common in places where tourism is thriving: the number of short-term rentals is eclipsing the number of places where locals can live.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"infographic","imageAlignment":"centre","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190826-the-holiday-islands-where-locals-have-nowhere-to-live-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"left","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190826-the-holiday-islands-where-locals-have-nowhere-to-live-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E‘There isn’t anywhere for them to go’\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EShort-term holiday rentals have caused \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fnews\u002Fbusiness-45083954\"\u003Ehousing shortages and rent increases \u003C\u002Fa\u003Ein cities around the world. The impact has been significant in many small places such as the Greek islands, which are home to intimate local communities year round, but see huge crowds arrive in summer for holidays.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe island of Paros has a permanent population of just 13,000, but its visitor numbers have grown recently: between 2014 and 2017, the number of overnight stays increased from 332,418 to 421,418. According to data site Inside Airbnb, there are \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Finsideairbnb.com\u002Fsouth-aegean\"\u003E2,435 listings on the island\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, 82.9% of which are entire homes or apartments.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EGreece, in general, has \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.ekathimerini.com\u002F225302\u002Farticle\u002Fekathimerini\u002Fbusiness\u002Ftaxes-shake-greeks-love-of-home-ownership\"\u003Ea home ownership rate of 74%\u003C\u002Fa\u003E – one of the highest in Europe. It is common for middle class families to own several properties, some of which they save for their children and rent out in the meantime. However, following Greece’s debt crisis, during which \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.washingtonpost.com\u002Fnews\u002Fwonk\u002Fwp\u002F2018\u002F04\u002F26\u002Fgreeces-economic-crisis-is-over-only-if-you-dont-live-there\u002F\"\u003Eits economy shrank by 26%\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, many landlords have taken properties off the long-term rental market in the hope they will make more money from short-term lets.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190826-the-holiday-islands-where-locals-have-nowhere-to-live-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"Most renters have been asked to leave because the owners want to Airbnb. But there isn’t anywhere for them to go – Colette Nolan","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190826-the-holiday-islands-where-locals-have-nowhere-to-live-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EFor many families whose household incomes were battered during the crisis, the ability to take advantage of Greece’s tourism industry and make some extra money through rental sites has provided a lifeline. But for those likely to be living in rented accommodation – such as single or divorced people, students, seasonal workers or doctors and teachers in temporary postings – these platforms’ popularity is causing housing shortages and pushing rents up.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“It used to be easy [to find a house on Paros],” says Nolan. “Now, it seems everyone’s looking. Most renters have been asked to leave because the owners want to Airbnb. But there isn’t anywhere for them to go.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ENolan is used to paying her 100 euros a month rent, but the only comparable places now available for long-term rent are at least 300 euros a month. “When you add bills on top [ofand ma Greece’s relatively expensive utilities], it becomes a lot,” she says. “And we don’t have a lot of money here. We work in the summer and then do whatever odd jobs we can in the winter … I work in a hotel, and in winter I teach a bit of English and do cleaning for people.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190826-the-holiday-islands-where-locals-have-nowhere-to-live-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190826-the-holiday-islands-where-locals-have-nowhere-to-live-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003ENolan’s daughter Bamboulis finds the situation complicated, as she manages holiday villas on the island for a living, several of which are rented online. With her expertise, Bamboulis explains the perspective of the landlords on these holiday islands.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“With Airbnb I can make 10,000 euros in three months [of rental]. I pay 2,000 euros tax, 2,000 euros for cleaners and damages and am left with 6,000 euros. If there’s a problem with the guests, Airbnb comes straight in and helps,” she says. In contrast, if she were to rent that same house as a long-term rental, she’d comparatively make 10,000 euros a year, pay 3,000 in tax and 3,000 in damages – a total of 4,000 euros net. “And if I have a [tenant] problem I can’t get them out. So, this is why a lot of people don’t want to do long-term rental.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAlong with the lower taxes and maintenance costs that landlords receive for short-term holiday rentals, Bamboulis says that many landlords favour Airbnb over working independently, since the platform provides landlords more support than Greece’s own legal system.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBamboulis understands that landlords have more earning potential in short-term rentals, but also believes that what is happening to her mother is unfair. “If the Greek state supported long-term rentals the way it does short-term, we wouldn’t have this problem.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E‘We have our own lives here’\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EOn the other side of the country, on the Ionian island of Corfu, a similar situation is playing out. Corfu is larger than Paros – 102,000 people live here all year round – and the island also has a university. But the prevalence of short-term holiday rentals in the main town has led to students having to live in hotels, and local people struggling to find suitable housing.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ENikoleta Pandi, 30, says that she and her mother spent two years trying to find an apartment together before finally settling for a one-bed on the outskirts of Corfu Town. She sleeps in the bedroom and her mum has the living room.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190826-the-holiday-islands-where-locals-have-nowhere-to-live-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"People either have to pay very expensive rent or live in Airbnbs themselves – George Tzimas","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190826-the-holiday-islands-where-locals-have-nowhere-to-live-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E“I was living in a village, but I wanted to be in Corfu Town for work,” she says. She found prices for two-bedroom apartments had jumped from less than 200 euros a month five years ago to 500 euros or more. “We pay 350 euros [for our one-bedroom], which is really cheap,” she says, adding that they found the apartment through a family friend, which is “the only way” for locals to find living arrangements now.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAlthough living in such a tight space is “not the best”, Nikoleta says it hasn’t impacted the relationship with her mother too much because they aren’t viewing the set-up as long-term; Nikoleta is moving to Athens to start a master’s, and her mum will stay in the apartment.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190826-the-holiday-islands-where-locals-have-nowhere-to-live-8"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190826-the-holiday-islands-where-locals-have-nowhere-to-live-9"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EOn other islands, anger at the situation is growing. George Tzimas, 28, an architectural student at the University of Crete in Chania, says that students feel discouraged from applying to the university because of the housing shortage. “People either have to pay very expensive rent or live in Airbnbs themselves,” he says.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ETzimas and other activists have been organising marches along Chania’s Old Venetian Harbour – a spot popular with tourists. “People who live on the island already know there’s a problem, so we want the visitors to see. We want them to know that we want to have our own lives here and it not just be a place for tourists. We do not even have a public park.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThroughout the country, people are wondering whether Greece’s \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.ekathimerini.com\u002F242244\u002Farticle\u002Fekathimerini\u002Fbusiness\u002Ftourism-drops-in-greece-after-5-record-years\"\u003Eoverall falling visitor numbers\u003C\u002Fa\u003E might dampen the Airbnb gold rush – airports around the country have recorded a 1.5% drop on average so far this year, and arrivals at Chania are down 5.6%.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“There might be a lot of disappointed Airbnb owners who decide it’s less trouble to get someone in for a year,” says Nolan. “At least, that’s what we’re hoping.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190826-the-holiday-islands-where-locals-have-nowhere-to-live-10"}],"collection":[],"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2019-09-03T19:22:14Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","geolocation":null,"headlineLong":"The holiday islands where locals have nowhere to live","headlineShort":"When holiday rentals take over homes","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"","isSyndicated":false,"latitude":"","location":null,"longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":null,"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"worklife","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":null,"relatedStories":[],"relatedTag":null,"summaryLong":"The places where Greek locals can call home are changing – and, in some cases, disappearing – as short-term holiday rentals cannibalise long-term housing arrangements.","summaryShort":"Greece’s tourist boom is leaving some residents without homes","tag":[],"creationDateTime":"2019-09-02T20:28:56.010215Z","entity":"article","guid":"243f3ee6-0d50-41c8-966c-98f43e3c2908","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190826-the-holiday-islands-where-locals-have-nowhere-to-live","modifiedDateTime":"2019-09-30T21:14:14.888501Z","project":"worklife","slug":"20190826-the-holiday-islands-where-locals-have-nowhere-to-live","cacheLastUpdated":1571107324433},"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190726-the-condescending-old-people-of-south-koreas-workforce":{"urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:article:worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190726-the-condescending-old-people-of-south-koreas-workforce","_id":"5d9db31fb8bc804d7b87a14d","ambientVideo":null,"articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":[],"bodyIntro":"In South Korea, the term ‘kkondae’ is more than just an insult. It represents a push-back against the old guard at work as a new generation of leaders moves in.","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EWouldn’t it be nice if millennials weren’t accused of being entitled, self-righteous and stubborn? Perhaps, but that is unlikely to happen. In South Korea, however, there is another group that is notorious for being the most self-righteous – even worse than millennials. They are called ‘\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fworklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190718-kkondae\"\u003Ekkondae’\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn Korean, kkondae loosely translates as “condescending older person”, the kind you often find in a middle- or upper-management position. The kkondae title is usually attributed to men and almost always used as an insult, pointedly calling out supervisors who are quick to dole out unsolicited advice and even quicker to demand absolute obedience from their juniors.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ELike most new words that enter the zeitgeist, the exact origin of kkondae is unclear. In its early days, kkondae was student slang to label unforgiving, stubborn and strict teachers. Now kkondae is widely used outside the classroom to describe the type of person whom nobody wants to become, particularly within offices.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIt also gives a name to the tension caused by a generational divide that seems wider than ever before. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190726-the-condescending-old-people-of-south-koreas-workforce-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"infographic","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Korean train passengers","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190726-the-condescending-old-people-of-south-koreas-workforce-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ELiving in a kkondae world\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EMuch of younger workers’ pushback against kkondae comes from South Korea’s well-established affinity for hierarchy, which can feel constricting to anyone in the workplace. Within any organisation – a company, a school, a social club – members are ranked, and your ranking does more than just determine who you report to and what kind of responsibility you have.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIt also mandates who takes notes in a meeting, who calls to make a reservation for the team dinner and who distributes the spoons and chopsticks once you’re in the restaurant (cutlery is usually in a self-serve wooden box in most Korean establishments).\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn the kind of work culture in which colleagues are addressed solely by their job titles, the organisational pyramid is a guidebook for navigating a company, giving everyone a clear picture of where they belong in the chain. Kkondae get their power from this pecking order – and juniors are rarely permitted to question authority.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAlso frustrating to Korean youth is the generational divide over work-centric values, chiefly the importance placed on company loyalty.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“People my age see our jobs as just one fraction of our life, more a tool to build our lives,” says Dayoung Ahn, 29. “On the contrary, my superiors see their jobs as a critical part of their lives and often don’t understand why we don’t have the same loyalty towards the company as they do.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EUnlike millennials, baby boomers put work first. Theirs was an age of strict authoritarian rule, in which \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fkoreajoongangdaily.joins.com\u002Fnews\u002Farticle\u002Farticle.aspx?aid=2582471\"\u003Ehair length was policed \u003C\u002Fa\u003Eand international travel was restricted. Baby boomers were given few personal choices, and also had to build their careers in a much narrower definition of what it meant to be a good citizen, devoted to building the country. Steady, respectable employment was the foundation of good citizenship. This absolutism may explain why some elders have difficulty adjusting to millennials with freedom they never experienced.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAs Professor Byoung-Hoon Lee, professor of sociology at Chung-Ang University explains, for baby boomers, the goals and aims of your unit at work take precedence over personal goals.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190726-the-condescending-old-people-of-south-koreas-workforce-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"People my age see our jobs as just one fraction of our life, more a tool to build our lives – Dayoung Ahn","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190726-the-condescending-old-people-of-south-koreas-workforce-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E“They were brought up under nationalism where the nation’s economic growth was the priority,” he says. “So many people were motivated by that, and boomers are still quite loyal to their jobs.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EYet even executives who aren’t baby boomers have been cast into this work-first value system, whether they like it or not. Take Kyoung Duk Kim, 42. “Even while I was working in a start-up,” he explains, “being an executive automatically put me in the kkondae category for younger workers there”.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EFor Kim, being a self-proclaimed “liberal gen X” working in a deliberately horizontal environment did not matter. He was given the kkondae label because the term has become synonymous with older authority, and the hierarchical chain of command young employees dislike on principle.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190726-the-condescending-old-people-of-south-koreas-workforce-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Young Korean workers","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190726-the-condescending-old-people-of-south-koreas-workforce-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EThe kkondae backlash\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ECulture will not change overnight, and openly rebellious acts against the hierarchy are still discouraged. Yet a growing impatience with kkondae has led to at least a few changes.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ETo an outsider, some of these shifts may seem subtle. Take the practice of paid leave, which even new employees can request during any month of the year.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“In my day, I wasn’t able to go on holidays whenever I wanted,” explains Jae Eui Kim, 63. “HR would schedule holidays by teams or department, and teams had to take turns so the company could still run normally.” But there’s more flexibility now. Under the old social order, the freedom to take paid time off whenever you want was an unimaginable luxury.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESo too would have been today’s work hours. A new government policy first implemented in April mandates a \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fcapital\u002Fstory\u002F20180504-which-country-works-the-longest-hours\"\u003Emaximum 52-hour workweek\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. This change, and other new company practices such as paternity leave, are meant to incentivise millennials to do their part in improving South Korea’s declining birthrate. The new generation of parents-to-be seem to be pushing marriage and child-rearing much later, or choosing to forego them all together, often \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fnews\u002Fstories-45201725\"\u003Eciting work culture as the primary reason\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EFor now, the 52-hour workweek policy still only applies to large companies with more than 300 employees. But its existence alone is a major contrast to the experiences of baby boomers, who were required to work half days on Saturdays until 1994, when the law enforcing five-day workweeks was first passed.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190726-the-condescending-old-people-of-south-koreas-workforce-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"There is even a new Korean word for what millennials are looking for in their new workplace: ‘worabel’, short for ‘work-life balance’","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190726-the-condescending-old-people-of-south-koreas-workforce-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003ENow, South Korean millennials desire more than traditional work structures – including the kkondae they have to answer to. Being in the rising majority may help: according to the Korean Statistics Bureau (KOSTAT), \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fkostat.go.kr\u002Fportal\u002Feng\u002FpressReleases\u002F8\u002F7\u002Findex.board\"\u003Emillennials currently comprise 22.2% of the South Korean population\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, and their representation in the Korean workforce is growing. (For context, after 2020 \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.pwc.com\u002Fco\u002Fes\u002Fpublicaciones\u002Fassets\u002Fmillennials-at-work.pdf\"\u003Emillennials will be 50% of the global workforce\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.)\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThere is even a new Korean word for what millennials are looking for in their new workplace: ‘worabel’, short for ‘work-life balance’.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E “This new phrase, worabel, is the best term to describe millennials,” says Chung-Ang University’s Lee. “It shows how much they prioritise personal goals first, above company interest.”                                \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBoth \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fworklife\u002Farticle\u002F20180814-can-you-introduce-laws-to-make-people-happier\"\u003Eworabel \u003C\u002Fa\u003Eand kkondae are symbols of the shifting values and expectations young workers bring to their employers. Companies have taken note, attempting to shift policy and open up work culture at least a little. Employees might call each other with English names, or be able to opt out of mandatory dinners. Still, despite almost universal hatred toward stubborn seniors, the term kkondae is unlikely to retire anytime soon.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIf that is discouraging, however, hold onto hope. Kkondae is just one word of a new language South Koreans are creating to discuss – and hopefully bridge – the gap among generations.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190726-the-condescending-old-people-of-south-koreas-workforce-8"}],"collection":[],"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2019-08-06T14:24:43Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","geolocation":null,"headlineLong":"The ‘condescending old people’ of South Korea's workforce","headlineShort":"Korea’s ‘condescending’ old people","image":[],"imageAlignment":"left","imageAltText":"","isSyndicated":true,"latitude":"","location":null,"longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":null,"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"worklife","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":null,"relatedStories":null,"relatedTag":null,"summaryLong":"In South Korea, the term ‘kkondae’ is more than just an insult. It represents a push-back against the old guard at work as a new generation of leaders moves in.","summaryShort":"The workers more reviled than millennials","tag":[],"creationDateTime":"2019-08-05T19:43:13.483119Z","entity":"article","guid":"c3741550-2185-4c70-b450-21837a0c180a","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190726-the-condescending-old-people-of-south-koreas-workforce","modifiedDateTime":"2019-09-30T20:25:39.214605Z","project":"worklife","slug":"20190726-the-condescending-old-people-of-south-koreas-workforce","cacheLastUpdated":1571107324416},"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190731-why-japans-shkatsu-is-disappearing-for-japanese-youth":{"urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:article:worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190731-why-japans-shkatsu-is-disappearing-for-japanese-youth","_id":"5d9db31fb8bc804d7b87a2ee","ambientVideo":null,"articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":[],"bodyIntro":"Japan’s traditional mode of recruitment is on the way out. It could mean equal parts anxiety and freedom for a generation of job hunters.","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EEvery year beginning in early April, thousands of soon-to-be-graduates in Japan make their way around town dressed in black business attire, carrying a briefcase containing only their CVs, hoping to land jobs at the country’s most reputable companies.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThis ritual is part of a year-long hiring process in their penultimate year of university: the season of ‘shūshoku katsudō’ (job-hunting activity). It’s known as ‘shūkatsu’ for short, when third-year students drop classes in order to attend career seminars organised by universities. In their last year, they submit job applications and endure a structured selection process to secure a position (called ‘naitei’) by the time they finish their degree.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EShūkatsu is the traditional, predominant recruiting practice across Japan. It is vital not just for employers and university placement numbers, but also for the students whose social status can be elevated by the outcome of their job hunt. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThis system was created in 1953 by Keidanren – Japan’s leading business lobby, comprising more than 1,300 major Japanese corporations and 100 group industries. Due to labour shortages during Japan’s post-war period of rapid economic growth, the hunt for college graduates heated up. The shūkatsu system offered lifetime employment to new graduates who, in turn, provided security and status for major Japanese firms.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"infographic","imageAlignment":"centre","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190731-why-japans-shkatsu-is-disappearing-for-japanese-youth-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"Some Japanese millennials suggest that prioritising passion over following societal rules will lead to a more fulfilling career","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190731-why-japans-shkatsu-is-disappearing-for-japanese-youth-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EBut beginning next year, these rules will no longer apply. Last October, the Keidanren announced it would abolish the traditional job-hunting schedule as well as existing guidelines on how firms recruit new graduates. After six decades, the current cohort of third- and fourth-year students will be the last to experience the gruelling pressures that come with shūkatsu. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAs Japan’s \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fworklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190405-why-the-world-now-has-more-grandparents-than-grandchildren\"\u003Elow birth-rate has resulted in a population decline\u003C\u002Fa\u003E over the last decade, companies have been competing for a shrinking pool of prospective employees. Non-Keidanren members, not bound by the guidelines, have been snapping up promising students before member companies have even started recruiting.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAnd with foreign firms offering higher salaries and faster career progression than their Japanese counterparts, global competition for workers has forced companies to re-think. Although Keidanren’s new guidelines are yet to be finalised, some Japanese millennials who have already gone against the grain suggest that prioritising passion over following societal rules can lead to a more fulfilling career.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190731-why-japans-shkatsu-is-disappearing-for-japanese-youth-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190731-why-japans-shkatsu-is-disappearing-for-japanese-youth-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E‘I certainly did not expect it so soon’\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“I thought that there might be a change in 20 years, [but] I certainly did not expect it so soon,” says 34-year-old entrepreneur Akiko Naka. In 2011, before the recruiting changes, Naka founded job-seeking platform Wantedly after working at Goldman Sachs for four years – a job she got through shūkatsu.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ERather than listing job descriptions and salaries like typical shūkatsu advertisements, Wantedly instead focuses on matching candidates and companies through shared values and interests. By advertising jobs from smaller non-Keidanren companies – many of which are based outside big cities – Wantedly has connected companies with individuals who are open to forging a path outside the confines of tradition and security of the larger corporations.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“When you’re a student, it’s difficult to see the wider picture. We’ve all fallen into the trap of following the big crowd and have missed out on discovering what else is out there,” Naka adds. “With the shūkatsu system, there has been a disconnect between the degree you’re studying for and finding a role relevant to it… Rather than applying to a company for its brand status, there is a need for other great companies who are lesser known to have that same opportunity.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESocial media firm Gaiax is one company that has taken advantage of its position outside the Keidanren rules, adopting a flexible hiring window since 2013. Although the choice to buck traditional recruiting has kept them in the minority, their hiring process includes individuals who might take less conventional job-seeking paths.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190731-why-japans-shkatsu-is-disappearing-for-japanese-youth-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"We’ve all fallen into the trap of following the big crowd and have missed out on discovering what else is out there – Akiko Naka","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190731-why-japans-shkatsu-is-disappearing-for-japanese-youth-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EInstead of using the traditional ‘new graduate hire’ label, they advertise for ‘potential hires’ to telegraph their desire for young people at any stage of their life. “We hire on the basis of their potential,” explains recruitment manager Takumi Nagare. It doesn’t matter whether you’ve finished education at middle school, high school or university, he says.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWith 60 to 70% of their young hires quitting after a few years to start their own companies, Gaiax say they attract those who have strayed away from the idea of lifelong employment that comes with shūkatsu culture. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“We don’t think that it’s a negative that people want to move between jobs or start up their own businesses,” says Nagare. Technology needs flexible skills so recruiting non-traditionally has suited both the company and young workers looking for a less rigid path to employment. “But if [other] candidates have goals which match the long-term vision of the company, they can work here until 60 or 70 years old.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190731-why-japans-shkatsu-is-disappearing-for-japanese-youth-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190731-why-japans-shkatsu-is-disappearing-for-japanese-youth-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E‘Change has to start somewhere’\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EFor many current students who assumed they would find jobs through shūkatsu, the announcement that it is being abolished has created confusion. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“The lack of a prescribed schedule broadens the choice of how students choose their careers, which in turn creates anxiety,” says Yuji Kadono, a representative of non-profit organisation En-courage. The group sets up meetings for students undergoing shūkatsu with those who’ve been through it. Until now, she says, students could go with tradition – but with the new system, graduates will have to take more initiative.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“But amidst the vague sense of anxiety is a glimmer of positivity that in embracing the changes, there might be more opportunities in the future,” says Kadono. For example, a flexible system would help students doing time-intensive degrees like science or physical education, she says.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWantedly’s Naka likens this period of change to the way attitudes towards getting married have transitioned over time.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“When parents set you up with a partner, you think about how you can adapt to the other person to make the marriage work. But with people choosing to marry who they want, this has given them more freedom – but also a wider pool, making it more of a struggle to find the right match,” she says. “But that’s also why new types of businesses, methods and ideas are arriving to help make that process easier.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EExperimentation may be hard, but 30-year-old Yuriko Yamaguchi welcomes the change. She thinks that it “provides an opportunity for students to be more mature about the next steps they’re going to take”.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EYamaguchi has a unique perspective on shūkatsu as one of the few students in her year who ignored the tradition in favour of forging her own path. “It was a very hard decision to represent my graduating class without a job offer or a place at grad school,” she says. “The societal pressure was really harsh and scary, creating anxieties for my family.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBut despite bucking the traditional recruitment schedule, she is gainfully employed as a design researcher for global creative consultancy IDEO’s Tokyo branch.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“Change has to start somewhere, and it’s possible there will be a generation of young people who will be super anxious,” she says. “[But] having lived through a time where there was no support for this way of thinking outside the usual route of doing things, I can say it’s possible.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190731-why-japans-shkatsu-is-disappearing-for-japanese-youth-8"}],"collection":[],"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2019-08-21T21:04:02Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","geolocation":null,"headlineLong":"Why Japan’s ‘shūkatsu’ job-seeking system is changing","headlineShort":"Japan’s high-stakes job-hunting system","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"","isSyndicated":true,"latitude":"","location":null,"longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":null,"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"worklife","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":null,"relatedStories":[],"relatedTag":null,"summaryLong":"Japan’s traditional mode of recruitment is on the way out. It could mean equal parts anxiety and freedom for a generation of job hunters.","summaryShort":"‘Shūkatsu’ is how graduates find careers – but the tradition is about to change","tag":[],"creationDateTime":"2019-08-21T03:37:22.261141Z","entity":"article","guid":"5a70ac77-4eaa-4375-8bca-92365e43e32c","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190731-why-japans-shkatsu-is-disappearing-for-japanese-youth","modifiedDateTime":"2019-09-30T20:20:32.182051Z","project":"worklife","slug":"20190731-why-japans-shkatsu-is-disappearing-for-japanese-youth","cacheLastUpdated":1571107324416},"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190815-the-minterns-taking-internships-in-their-30s":{"urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:article:worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190815-the-minterns-taking-internships-in-their-30s","_id":"5d9db31fb8bc804d7b87a85e","ambientVideo":null,"articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":[],"bodyIntro":"Many millennials aren’t satisfied with their jobs. Some are taking the drastic measure of starting ‘minternships’, purposely returning themselves to the bottom of the career ladder.","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EAt 29, Alejandro Cavazos led a team of more than 25 people at a multinational welding manufacturing company in Mexico. He drove around Monterrey in a company car, flew business class and enjoyed all the benefits of a cushy corporate position.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ERemembering those days, he laughs in disbelief. “I don’t have any of that now,” he says. “And I don’t miss it at all.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EToday, now aged 32, Cavazos is back at the bottom of the ladder. As an intern at a tech hub in Barcelona, he earns 500 euros per month – less than half of the minimum wage. Instead of driving a company car, he rollerblades to work; with his part-time salary he couldn’t afford public transport, anyway.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn exchange, he gets to participate in projects dealing with modern urban design, and to picture himself as an actor of change, instead of a gear in a huge corporation. Cavazos has willingly become a ‘mintern’, or middle-career intern.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAnd he’s not alone.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EMillennial job dissatisfaction is high: according to Deloitte’s 2019 \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww2.deloitte.com\u002Fglobal\u002Fen\u002Fpages\u002Fabout-deloitte\u002Farticles\u002Fmillennialsurvey.html\"\u003Eglobal survey\u003C\u002Fa\u003E of more than 13,000 people, 49% of millennials will quit their jobs within the next two years. About a quarter of them reported having left an employer in the past 24 months. As an alternative, many millennials who began in traditional, career-track jobs have started to regard internships as an opportunity to relaunch careers, or switch professional paths before it becomes too late.  \u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"infographic","imageAlignment":"centre","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190815-the-minterns-taking-internships-in-their-30s-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Video","iFrameType":"","videoImageAlign":"centre","videoUrn":[],"id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190815-the-minterns-taking-internships-in-their-30s-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EVideo by Brian Ramirez and Anna Veciana.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESome, like Cavazos, have even renounced high-paying management positions for a chance at personal fulfilment. As an industrial engineer Cavazos lacked a sense of purpose; the unease deepened every time he got stuck in Monterrey’s traffic jams or read statistics about rising pollution and crash-related deaths.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“I’d ask myself, what am I bringing to the world?” he says. “How am I leaving a mark? What else could I be doing instead?”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESoon after turning 30, he quit his job and enrolled in a master’s degree at the University of Barcelona. The internship came about as a requirement of his graduate studies. For him, the transition came quite naturally.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E‘I never thought happiness could look like this’\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAuthor and demographer Neil Howe, who coined the term “millennial generation” \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Farchive.org\u002Fstream\u002FGenerationsTheHistoryOfAmericasFuture1584To2069ByWilliamStraussNeilHowe\u002FGenerations+The+History+of+America%27s+Future%2C+1584+to+2069+by+William+Strauss+%26+Neil+Howe_djvu.txt\"\u003Ein a 1991 book\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, sees minternships as an expression of this generation’s core values and behaviours – being open to change, and the desire to be challenged. “A Gen Xer in the 1990s would have found it insulting to be called an intern,” Howe says, “whereas millennials find value in having mentors teach them new skills.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EHowever, Howe says that middle-career internships may have risen from the fact that internships have become much more normalized in recent years, especially due to the shifting economic reality of an unstable job market. Companies simply don’t want to pay as much for labour to de-risk themselves – and interns are cheaper than employees.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ENamuli Katumba was 34 when she started her internship at a PR agency in London. At first she didn’t reveal her age to her much-younger managers.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“I didn’t want them to feel uncomfortable or awkward,” she says. “And I had this sense of inadequacy, despite the fact that I was coming from signing multi-million pound contracts with major brands.” For years, she had been the account manager of a big IT firm, a high-powered position with plenty of benefits, including copious monthly commissions and a flashy status.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190815-the-minterns-taking-internships-in-their-30s-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190815-the-minterns-taking-internships-in-their-30s-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EAfter a bigger firm acquired her company, she began to ponder her purpose. And she wasn’t actually enjoying herself at work. “I spent the majority of my life at the office, and I started to re-evaluate,” says Katumba. “I was becoming a cog of a much bigger machine. And what was I getting out of it, besides money?”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EKatumba quit her job before figuring out her next step. Soon she was starting a mininternship after a friend suggested that her skill set would be useful in a PR environment.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EFinancially, the transition was rough. She replaced her executive salary for minimum wage, and swapped her prodigious apartment near the city’s financial centre for a shared sublet in the bustling Hackney neighbourhood. Learning how to coexist with two flatmates after having lived on her own, Katumba says, was “bigger than the career change”.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190815-the-minterns-taking-internships-in-their-30s-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"I was becoming a cog of a much bigger machine. And what was I getting out of it, besides money? – Namuli Katumba","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190815-the-minterns-taking-internships-in-their-30s-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EYet like Cavazos, Katumba believes that switching a “money-driven mentality for a happiness-driven one” was the best decision of her life. Since her minternship she now works with a start-up that provides IT consultancy services to a variety of companies. She still shares an apartment with two roommates, but has grown to enjoy the arrangement – just as she now loves the hip, unpretentious bars of her new neighbourhood.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“As a generation, we should not be scared to say, ‘I’m not happy and I want to do something about it’,” says Katumba. “I used to think I would always have to be looking at the next financial step, that I would have to get expensive drinks with certain people for them to realise I’m a big shot. I never thought that happiness could look like this.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E‘I wasn’t an intern emotionally’\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIf mid-career internships can be awkward, they also can be free of the self-doubt of early work experiences. Jena Booher quit her sales trader job at JPMorgan Chase after dealing with postpartum depression, and enrolled in a master’s degree in health counselling. She recalls the “humbling experience” of suddenly being treated like a peer by people in their early 20s.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EFrom Manhattan’s Wall Street, where she was surrounded “by the one percent”, Booher went to the New York City borough of the Bronx for her required internship. There she spent months serving people with severe mental illnesses, and she was the oldest person on staff. Her position as an intern was “confusing” for some of her colleagues – especially considering she used to run an intern program at JPMorgan.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190815-the-minterns-taking-internships-in-their-30s-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"left","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190815-the-minterns-taking-internships-in-their-30s-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EBut she didn’t experience many of the normal anxieties of working for the first time that come with being an intern. “I wasn’t an intern emotionally,” she says. “I didn’t worry about making sure I was proving my value, or about what people thought of me.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJuan Irigoyen, a sports writer at Spanish newspaper El Pais, recalls similar feelings after his minternship. “When you’re in your 30s … you know what it means to get work done and grow in a company.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBefore starting his newspaper internship at age 30, Irigoyen used to be an exports manager at his siblings’ meat company in Argentina. He had landed the job more or less by chance, without having actively chased it, and eventually grew to be quite good at it. The business was expanding, he had several underlings and led what he now describes as “a pretty sweet life” in Buenos Aires.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190815-the-minterns-taking-internships-in-their-30s-8"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"It’s like a déjà vu to a time in your life in which you were happy, but that you wouldn’t necessarily repeat – Juan Irigoyen","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190815-the-minterns-taking-internships-in-their-30s-9"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EAs his 30s got closer, however, he began to think about all the alternative career paths he had let go. “I realised I wasn’t 20 anymore, but I wasn’t yet 40,” Irigoyen says. “It was the right moment to reinvent my life.\" \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn his early 20s he had worked as a teaching assistant, and enjoyed the feeling of understanding things and explaining them to people. He was fond of storytelling, which had no place in his current job. He decided to enrol in a journalism masters in Barcelona.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAfter having been a manager for years, readapting to student life was challenging. Most of his classmates were in their early 20s, and he had to get used to not having a steady income. “It’s like a déjà vu to a time in your life in which you were happy, but that you wouldn’t necessarily repeat,” he describes.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAfter his minternship Irigoyen landed a permanent contract at the sports desk, where, seven years later, he still gets to write stories every day.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“I just aspired to be satisfied,” he said recently during a phone call from Rio de Janeiro, where he had been sent to cover the Copa America. “And I have found a moment of happiness.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190815-the-minterns-taking-internships-in-their-30s-10"}],"collection":[],"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2019-08-20T20:31:54Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","geolocation":null,"headlineLong":"The ‘minterns’ taking internships in their 30s","headlineShort":"What it's like to 'mintern' in your 30s","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"","isSyndicated":false,"latitude":"","location":null,"longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":null,"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"worklife","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":null,"relatedStories":[],"relatedTag":null,"summaryLong":"Many millennials aren’t satisfied with their jobs. Some are taking the drastic measure of starting ‘minternships’, purposely returning themselves to the bottom of the career ladder.","summaryShort":"Sending yourself to the bottom of the career ladder could pay off","tag":[],"creationDateTime":"2019-08-19T20:09:07.638357Z","entity":"article","guid":"2da50ad4-b81f-4d24-ac12-1fb476921499","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190815-the-minterns-taking-internships-in-their-30s","modifiedDateTime":"2019-09-30T20:15:04.650067Z","project":"worklife","slug":"20190815-the-minterns-taking-internships-in-their-30s","cacheLastUpdated":1571107324426},"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190827-the-single-mums-who-live-together-on-mommunes":{"urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:article:worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190827-the-single-mums-who-live-together-on-mommunes","_id":"5d9db31cb8bc804d7b878f0b","ambientVideo":null,"articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":[],"bodyIntro":"Could the increasing prevalence of co-living arrangements for single mothers help provide a better environment for kids – and mums?","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EWhen Emily Blake first discovered she was pregnant at 34, her flatmate told her they could carry on living together. But when baby Jaden arrived, his crying and feeding schedules, and Blake’s sleepless nights, began to take a toll on her once-agreeable living arrangement.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“It can be difficult living with kids for someone who doesn’t have them,” she says.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAfter leaving her flat, Blake, now 35, didn’t have a home of her own for the better part of a year. She slept in a friend's spare room for several months before saving enough to put down a deposit on a house, aided by a housing start-up. But even then, she knew she’d have to divide the rent and bills with others to be able to afford the expenses of keeping a house – and it was difficult to find housemates who were comfortable living with a single mother with young children.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAn internet search led her to CoAbode, a website that connects single mothers looking for shared accommodation. CoAbode was founded by Carmel Boss in 2002, after her own marriage ended and she had to raise her seven-year-old son in Los Angeles on her own.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“As a new single mom I felt lonely and doubtful about raising my son on my own,” says Boss. “Where was my tribe, my village?”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBoss put out an ad in a local paper for another single mum to share a home with. When 18 women responded she knew she was on to something. The pooled resources and emotional support that came from living with another single mother was something that mums were craving – and, throughout the past two decades, she says that hundreds of thousands of mothers have signed up on the site to find a housing match, including Emily Blake.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn late July Blake picked up the keys for a five-bedroom home in Central Alemeda, an area of Los Angeles in California. There she and three mothers and their children will make their own ‘mommune’.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"infographic","imageAlignment":"centre","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190827-the-single-mums-who-live-together-on-mommunes-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Video","iFrameType":"","videoUrn":[],"id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190827-the-single-mums-who-live-together-on-mommunes-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EVideo by Colleen Hagerty.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EStarting a ‘mommune’\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EMommunes, a play on the word ‘communes’, are part of a trend of changing living situations as the traditional nuclear family structure evolves.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThere are currently \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.pewresearch.org\u002Ffact-tank\u002F2018\u002F04\u002F27\u002Fabout-one-third-of-u-s-children-are-living-with-an-unmarried-parent\u002F\"\u003E15 million single mothers in the US\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, according to a 2018 paper from the PEW Research Center. The prevalence of single-mother families has more than doubled since the 1960s, rising from approximately 12% in the 1960s to 21% now.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESeveral factors have contributed to this increase, including decreased social stigma associated with divorce, a higher number of mothers leaving unhealthy relationships and more workplace opportunities that have enabled single mothers to find financial stability.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EStill as the number of single mothers increases, many of the issues associated with being a single caregiver also amplify. For instance in the US, single mothers are the group most likely to suffer from poverty: 30% of solo mothers and their families are living in poverty, compared to only 8% of married couple families, according \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.census.gov\u002Flibrary\u002Fpublications\u002F2018\u002Fdemo\u002Fp60-263.html\"\u003Eto 2018 statistics from the US Census\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190827-the-single-mums-who-live-together-on-mommunes-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"It’s getting too expensive for many single mums to live on their own, which is why cohabitation could be “the way of the future”","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190827-the-single-mums-who-live-together-on-mommunes-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EIn other words, it’s getting too expensive for many single mums to live on their own, which is why cohabitation is “the way of the future”, according to Blake Reed, co-founder of Roommates with Kids, which connects single parents looking to share housing.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAs of its May launch, Reed says at least 70% of the 6,500 members at Roommates with Kids are single mothers. Since placement in a strong school district depends on your post code, he believes mothers benefit from sharing the costs to live in neighbourhoods that allow their children better access to education.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EReed also notes that privacy is a strong draw to websites such as Roommates With Kids and CoAbode, which both keep identifying information secret. “Mothers email me all the time saying, ‘Thank God, I don’t have to go on Craigslist anymore’.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190827-the-single-mums-who-live-together-on-mommunes-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190827-the-single-mums-who-live-together-on-mommunes-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E‘I wanted a village’\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EFor Emily Blake, creating a shared home with other single mums was about far more than financial security: she wanted emotional support from others in a similar position to her own.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“I don’t have a lot of family so I wanted a village for my son. I want to share some of the responsibility, but also the joy,” she says.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAlthough some friends and family have commented that Blake’s new living situation is strange, she is excited about the possibilities it holds. She plans to put down grass turf in the garden for the kids to play. Most of the children will share one room so that the mums can have their own rooms. And she’s looking forward to figuring out a babysitting schedule so that each mother can go out for some ‘me’ time\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe emotional support network Blake and her fellow mums are building is important to combat disadvantages that some mothers who are raising children alone may face. Several studies across the globe have shown that single mothers are at \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Fpubmed\u002F24714708\"\u003Egreater risk\u003C\u002Fa\u003E for physical and \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Fpmc\u002Farticles\u002FPMC5712550\u002F\"\u003Emental health disorders\u003C\u002Fa\u003E compared to married mothers. \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Fpmc\u002Farticles\u002FPMC6108495\u002F\"\u003EA 2018 study \u003C\u002Fa\u003Eshowed that 33% of the single mothers studied experienced depression while only 8% of the control group showed depressive symptoms. This was attributed to economic hardship and lack of support.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190827-the-single-mums-who-live-together-on-mommunes-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"I don’t have a lot of family so I wanted a village for my son. I want to share some of the responsibility, but also the joy – Emily Blake","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190827-the-single-mums-who-live-together-on-mommunes-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EResearcher Issar Daryanani has studied \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Fpubmed\u002F26767832\"\u003Ethe way single motherhood affects children\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, and his research also suggests that low socioeconomic status negatively impacts parenting and the mental health of both mother and child.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EA mommune was the perfect, supportive arrangement for Janet Hoggarth, who also shared her home in London with another single mum.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAfter her divorce in 2009, Hoggarth found herself raising three children under the age of six in a house by herself. Her friend, Vicki Hillman, was in a similar position with a new-born after she split from her fiancé. When Hillman sold her house, Hoggarth told her she could move in for a couple of months until she got her own place.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“I was utterly bereft that my husband had walked out and so were the kids, so having another person living with me who felt the same was so supportive,” Hoggarth, now 49, says. The situation helped both the mums and the kids “deal with the heartbreak in an environment where venting was allowed and long explanations unnecessary”.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ENo one else but Hillman understood their arrangement as the pair planned outings, parties and meals together. The two had another single mother friend who lived close by who joined them at weekends.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“It made me feel whole again, less mental, less exhausted,” she says. The situation worked so well for the two mums that they ended up living together for two years, and Hoggarth even wrote a book about it, The Single Mums' Mansion. “We formed our own alternative family unit.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190827-the-single-mums-who-live-together-on-mommunes-8"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190827-the-single-mums-who-live-together-on-mommunes-9"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ESingle women taking charge\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EShared housing for single mothers isn’t a blanket answer for all families, but it can be helpful for those who are looking to change the environment both for their children and themselves.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESingle-mother families are understudied, but R Kelly Raley, a professor of sociology at the University of Texas at Austin, says that family stability is key to children’s wellbeing – perhaps regardless of family structure. However, Raley caveats that set-ups like mommunes are not an answer for everyone, since short-term arrangements could cause instability problems for children, “who flourish in stable homes and with consistent relationships”.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAnd, of course, “not all families will be a good fit for others”, says researcher Daryanani – a key to creating the right, nurturing environment.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EStill, finding the right match could provide a lot of benefit to single mums, according to former mommune members. For example, Hogarth and Hillman have since moved on separately, but Hogarth still revels in how her children thrived in the shared environment. “The kids loved it. They were the ones missing having another grown-up there. They needed that reassurance,” she says. But she liked being part of something, too.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAnd in Los Angeles, Blake is excited about her future in her own mommune. She has financial support, an emotional safety net and a group of housemates she is looking forward to sharing a life with.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“In the 1950s you almost \u003Cem\u003Ehad\u003C\u002Fem\u003E to have a man,” she says, “and now all these single women are taking charge.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190827-the-single-mums-who-live-together-on-mommunes-10"}],"collection":[],"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2019-09-10T16:55:43Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","geolocation":null,"headlineLong":"The single mums who live together on ‘mommunes’","headlineShort":"The 'mommunes' helping single mums","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"","isSyndicated":false,"latitude":"","location":null,"longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":null,"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"worklife","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":null,"relatedStories":[],"relatedTag":null,"summaryLong":"Could the increasing prevalence of co-living arrangements for single mothers help provide a better environment for kids – and mums?","summaryShort":"How co-living arrangements for single mothers give kids and mums a boost","tag":[],"creationDateTime":"2019-09-09T19:59:42.821604Z","entity":"article","guid":"0542dab0-a0c1-4fe8-98ba-0af5e5fcc49c","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190827-the-single-mums-who-live-together-on-mommunes","modifiedDateTime":"2019-09-30T20:30:11.550803Z","project":"worklife","slug":"20190827-the-single-mums-who-live-together-on-mommunes","cacheLastUpdated":1571107324433},"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190926-the-former-tech-ceo-obsessed-with-walking":{"urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:article:worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190926-the-former-tech-ceo-obsessed-with-walking","_id":"5d9db31db8bc804d7b87950c","ambientVideo":null,"articleType":"video","assetVideo":["p07pdn02"],"author":null,"bodyIntro":"After business troubles burned him out, on a whim Seowon Lee walked 38km to a nearby city. He didn’t realise it was the first step in a life-altering fascination.","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003ESeowon Lee was burned out.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EHis second company had gone bust and his panic attacks were getting worse. So on a whim, the South Korean entrepreneur decided to make a 38km trip from Busan to Ganjeolgot by foot.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe exercise sparked a passion that would change his life: the more he walked, the less stressed he felt.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“I wasn’t able to find the answer when I was sitting down. But I always found the answer when I walked,” Lee says.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ENow, Lee walks thousands of kilometres around the country each year, and gives lectures on his unique style of speed-walking.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“My bigger dream is to walk across tall the beautiful cities around the world and share my knowledge with other people.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EVideo journalist: Kwon Moon\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Cbr \u002F\u003E\u003Cem\u003ECamera: Sang Hyun Lee\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003Cbr \u002F\u003E\u003Cem\u003EMotion graphics: Yong Hae Ahn\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"infographic","imageAlignment":"centre","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190926-the-former-tech-ceo-obsessed-with-walking-0"}],"collection":null,"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2019-09-27T21:29:35Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","geolocation":null,"headlineLong":"The former tech CEO obsessed with walking","headlineShort":"How burnout led to a walking obsession","image":["p07pf0z6"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"","isSyndicated":true,"latitude":"","location":null,"longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":null,"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"worklife","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":["p07pf0zz"],"relatedStories":null,"relatedTag":["tag\u002Fburnout"],"summaryLong":"After business troubles burned him out, on a whim Seowon Lee walked 38km to a nearby city. He didn’t realise it was the first step in a life-altering fascination.","summaryShort":"This former tech CEO walks 10,000km a year","tag":["tag\u002Fburnout"],"creationDateTime":"2019-09-26T20:31:40.127308Z","entity":"article","guid":"8115fb22-6164-41ac-8146-b8c75670c9de","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190926-the-former-tech-ceo-obsessed-with-walking","modifiedDateTime":"2019-09-27T14:08:54.855744Z","project":"worklife","slug":"20190926-the-former-tech-ceo-obsessed-with-walking","cacheLastUpdated":1571107324419},"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190905-living-without-electricity-in-the-heart-of-seoul":{"urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:article:worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190905-living-without-electricity-in-the-heart-of-seoul","_id":"5d9db31cb8bc804d7b8790b8","ambientVideo":null,"articleType":"video","assetVideo":["p07mnbtj"],"author":["worklife\u002Fauthor\u002Fkomeil-soheili"],"bodyIntro":"A commune in the heart of Seoul is living without electricity – and even running a no-power coffee shop.","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EThere’s a lot of hustle and bustle in Seoul – and then there’s NoPlug, a small community that aims to minimise its energy use in the highly industrialised city. Its name comes from the idea at the heart of the commune: no electricity, no plugs.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWith South Korea among the highest carbon dioxide emitters globally, NoPlug hopes their community can make an impact by reducing their carbon footprint. Although it’s not possible to be entirely emission free, the idea is to put electricity consumption at zero, and try to keep any energy generation from sustainable sources. Their living situation is a very different take on what it means to have a functional home; foregoing electricity, they rely on fuel sources such as solar and fire to do daily tasks (and even run a power-free coffee shop that’s open from dawn until dusk).\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EDr Yasuyuki Fujimura, visits the NoPlug community from Japan each month to educate people on how to approach every day needs without electricity and appliances. “I want to give a dream to young people who are now losing their hope,” he says. “It’s our duty.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"infographic","imageAlignment":"centre","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190905-living-without-electricity-in-the-heart-of-seoul-0"}],"collection":["worklife\u002Fpremium-collection\u002Fgeneration-project"],"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2019-09-11T18:43:47Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","geolocation":null,"headlineLong":"Living without electricity in the heart of Seoul","headlineShort":"The coffee shop that’s off the grid","image":["p07mnckb"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"","isSyndicated":true,"latitude":"","location":null,"longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":null,"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"worklife","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":null,"relatedStories":null,"relatedTag":null,"summaryLong":"A commune in the heart of Seoul is living without electricity – and even running a no-power coffee shop.","summaryShort":"How one community in Seoul is thriving without electricity","tag":["tag\u002Fchanging-home"],"creationDateTime":"2019-09-11T02:58:47.844041Z","entity":"article","guid":"847afd4e-5f0d-42bf-9c1d-3e4ac3657596","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190905-living-without-electricity-in-the-heart-of-seoul","modifiedDateTime":"2019-09-30T21:09:44.81144Z","project":"worklife","slug":"20190905-living-without-electricity-in-the-heart-of-seoul","cacheLastUpdated":1571107324425},"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190731-the-workspace-that-takes-away-your-phone":{"urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:article:worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190731-the-workspace-that-takes-away-your-phone","_id":"5d9db31fb8bc804d7b87a2b1","ambientVideo":null,"articleType":"video","assetVideo":[],"author":[],"bodyIntro":"If you can't concentrate on all of your responsibilities, you can pay a small fee to get some \"deep work\" done, distraction free.","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EPhone buzzing, dog barking, sirens screaming – there is a lot that can prevent you from digging into your work. Maybe you need to visit ‘the Cave’.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESeveral times a week in New York City, a company called Caveday hosts $25 (£20) sessions for anyone to gather and get work done, distraction free. You will, of course, need to give up your phone to these “\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fworklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190719-procrastination-nannies\"\u003Eprocrastination nannies\u003C\u002Fa\u003E” right as you enter the doorway.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ECave sessions last three and a half hours, and are led by Caveday’s millennial founders. Expect stretches of deep concentration and short breaks (including yoga and group dancing) – and, of course, that all-elusive “deep work”.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“Technology is conspiring to get your attention,” says co-founder Jeremy Redleaf. “There is a war for your attention. We teach people that they have to fight back.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"infographic","imageAlignment":"centre","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190731-the-workspace-that-takes-away-your-phone-0"}],"collection":[],"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2019-08-05T15:20:57Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","geolocation":null,"headlineLong":"The workspace that takes away your phone","headlineShort":"The office where phones are banned","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"","isSyndicated":true,"latitude":"","location":null,"longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":null,"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"worklife","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":null,"relatedStories":null,"relatedTag":[],"summaryLong":"If you can't concentrate on all of your responsibilities, you can pay a small fee to get some \"deep work\" done, distraction free.","summaryShort":"Distracted? Get work done in the 'Cave'","tag":[],"creationDateTime":"2019-08-05T13:18:33.04056Z","entity":"article","guid":"f9fe46f2-78f9-494f-9742-921934971d37","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190731-the-workspace-that-takes-away-your-phone","modifiedDateTime":"2019-09-30T19:53:25.768646Z","project":"worklife","slug":"20190731-the-workspace-that-takes-away-your-phone","cacheLastUpdated":1571107324423},"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190809-deskterior-the-ornately-decorated-desks-of-south-korea":{"urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:article:worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190809-deskterior-the-ornately-decorated-desks-of-south-korea","_id":"5d9db31fb8bc804d7b87a5a3","ambientVideo":null,"articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":[],"bodyIntro":"Working in the country with the world’s longest office hours, a growing number of South Koreans are keen on decorating their desks with zeal to bring a little colour to their days.","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp align=\"left\"\u003EAt her job as a banker, 35-year-old Lee Ju-hee treasures her small, fairytale-like desk. It’s covered in pink products including a mini humidifier, a mini fan, a small air purifier and a tumbler steriliser. Pink is her favourite colour; she even has a pink keyboard.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp align=\"left\"\u003E“I have been working here for about six years and I’ve been decorating my desk since I joined this company. On average I spend 30,000 to 40,000 won ($25 to $33) per month, but it could be up to 150,000 won ($125) if I see any new products. It’s not big money, and I feel so good just looking at those lovely items in the office,” says Lee.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp align=\"left\"\u003EHer pastel display is far from what you’d expect to find in the office of a banker. But Lee’s desk is among a growing number of highly personalised workspaces in professional settings, often called ‘deskteriors’. It is a movement to make office spaces feel like home in a country with \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fdata.oecd.org\u002Femp\u002Fhours-worked.htm\"\u003Ethe longest working hours\u003C\u002Fa\u003E of any developed nation.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"infographic","imageAlignment":"centre","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190809-deskterior-the-ornately-decorated-desks-of-south-korea-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"Deskterior is a movement to make office spaces feel like home in a country with the longest working hours of any developed nation","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190809-deskterior-the-ornately-decorated-desks-of-south-korea-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp align=\"left\"\u003EAlthough the South Korean government \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fworklife\u002Farticle\u002F20180504-which-country-works-the-longest-hours\"\u003Ecut maximum working hours\u003C\u002Fa\u003E from 68 hours to 52 hours per week in 2018, with the expectation of boosting productivity and encouraging work-life balance, many young South Koreans still often find themselves at their desks.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp align=\"left\"\u003E“I spend a lot of my time in the office apart from when I’m sleeping,” says Lee. “You often think of an office as a dreary or stark place. However, my pink-plastered desk gives me a fresh motivation because it’s a pleasant working environment. I feel comfortable and relaxed with these pink products.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190809-deskterior-the-ornately-decorated-desks-of-south-korea-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Video","iFrameType":"","videoImageAlign":"centre","videoUrn":[],"id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190809-deskterior-the-ornately-decorated-desks-of-south-korea-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp align=\"left\"\u003E\u003Cem\u003EVideo by Kwon Moon.\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp align=\"left\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EDesk + interior = ‘deskterior’\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp align=\"left\"\u003E‘Deskterior’, a portmanteau of ‘desk’ and ‘interior’, is the act of decorating one’s office desk with favoured, adorable items. The term is becoming \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.instagram.com\u002Fexplore\u002Ftags\u002Fdeskterior\u002F\"\u003Eincreasingly popular\u003C\u002Fa\u003E on South Korean social media, especially among young employees.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp align=\"left\"\u003EIn a 2017 \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.jobkorea.co.kr\u002FGoodJob\u002FTip\u002FView?News_No=11503&schCtgr=0&schTxt=데스크테리어&Page=1\"\u003Epoll of 788 workers conducted\u003C\u002Fa\u003E by the job search engine Job Korea, 44% of women and 29.7% of men said they thought of themselves as a so-called ‘deskterior person’. The trend is especially popular with millennials: 44.6% of people in their 20s and 36.5% of people in their 30s identified with the trend, compared to only 26.9% of respondents in their 40s.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp align=\"left\"\u003ERha Hye-young, a 30-year-old sales manager in Seoul, decorates her desk with action figures from Hollywood movies. “Whenever I get new action figures, I bring them to my office instead of displaying at home because I spend much of my time at work.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp align=\"left\"\u003EShe says deskterior is not just about having a pretty workspace. It also helps her to work more efficiently.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp align=\"left\"\u003E“It feels like I have my own room at work. My job involves searching for new products and introducing them to customers, so I need to be creative. A multi-coloured desk decorated to my taste inspires me to think creatively.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190809-deskterior-the-ornately-decorated-desks-of-south-korea-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190809-deskterior-the-ornately-decorated-desks-of-south-korea-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp align=\"left\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EExpression of individuality \u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp align=\"left\"\u003EAs interest in deskteriors has grown, a new market for quirky office supplies has emerged: there are wireless keyboards, laptop stands, colourful desk mats, sitting cushions, mood lights, action figures, wrist guards, small plants and air fresheners. You can even find mini water purifiers and small vacuum cleaners for desks. Many of them have cute characters to appeal to young South Koreans.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190809-deskterior-the-ornately-decorated-desks-of-south-korea-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"I think deskterior is about showing who you are in an everyday ordinary workplace – Juhee Lee","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190809-deskterior-the-ornately-decorated-desks-of-south-korea-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp align=\"left\"\u003EIn the Job Korea survey, 68.8% of office workers said they were interested in decorating their work desk. It shows: more than 5,000 South Korean Instagram posts sport the tag #deskterior to show off photos of unique spaces. Adverts for related speciality office products also appear in search, targeting the deskterior demographic.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp align=\"left\"\u003EAll pink works for Lee, but others will go for other motifs depending on their preferences and likes. “I think deskterior is about showing who you are in an everyday ordinary workplace,” says Lee.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190809-deskterior-the-ornately-decorated-desks-of-south-korea-8"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190809-deskterior-the-ornately-decorated-desks-of-south-korea-9"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp align=\"left\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EFinding ‘small happiness’\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp align=\"left\"\u003EIn South Korea hard work is a virtue. South Koreans work on average 2,024 hours per year – 278 hours longer than the OECD average of 1,746 hours.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp align=\"left\"\u003ELee Hyang-eun, a professor of design engineering at Sungshin Women’s University in Seoul, says that the deskterior phenomenon is more than just a way to reduce stress and make the office more comfortable; rather, it’s emblematic of a shift in how people approach work, especially young people.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“Korea is now undergoing a significant change in terms of work environment. As work-life balance becomes a big social issue, more people prioritise personal happiness as much as their performance at work,” she says. “I think ‘deskterior’ comes from a tendency to seek a relaxing personal space amid hectic daily routine.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp align=\"left\"\u003EAnd deskteriors have made it clear that the younger generation are more willing to try and modify their workspaces as South Koreans roll with this change.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp align=\"left\"\u003EStill, not every generation quite understands the trend. In Lee Ju-hee's office, her male bosses in their 50s think her deskterior is “just too much” for a conservative financial field. But the rest of her young colleagues love Lee’s choices – and that’s good, since her pink deskterior isn’t going away any time soon.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190809-deskterior-the-ornately-decorated-desks-of-south-korea-10"}],"collection":[],"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2019-08-27T13:04:16Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","geolocation":null,"headlineLong":"The colourful way South Korean workers cope with long hours","headlineShort":"How S Koreans cope with long work hours","image":[],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"","isSyndicated":false,"latitude":"","location":null,"longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":null,"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"worklife","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":null,"relatedStories":[],"relatedTag":null,"summaryLong":"Working in the country with the world’s longest office hours, a growing number of South Koreans are keen on decorating their desks with zeal.","summaryShort":"The ornately decorated 'deskteriors' in South Korean offices","tag":[],"creationDateTime":"2019-08-26T19:59:58.038573Z","entity":"article","guid":"ad5c7f9c-5c04-4df2-8058-30b6d22a5eb7","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190809-deskterior-the-ornately-decorated-desks-of-south-korea","modifiedDateTime":"2019-09-30T20:08:27.925305Z","project":"worklife","slug":"20190809-deskterior-the-ornately-decorated-desks-of-south-korea","cacheLastUpdated":1571107324423},"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190924-being-depressed-in-the-worlds-happiest-country":{"urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:article:worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190924-being-depressed-in-the-worlds-happiest-country","_id":"5d9db31db8bc804d7b879424","ambientVideo":null,"articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":["worklife\u002Fauthor\u002Fmaddy-savage"],"bodyIntro":"Finland regularly tops global rankings as the happiest nation on the planet, but this brings a unique set of challenges for young people struggling with depression.","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EBasking in the sunshine outside a coffee shop decked out with minimalist Nordic furniture and colourful textiles, Tuukka Saarni is something of a poster boy for Finland’s position atop the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fworldhappiness.report\u002Fed\u002F2019\u002F\"\u003EUN’s happiness rankings\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, for the second year in a row.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“I’m pretty happy right now,” says the 19-year-old, who recently finished high school and is about to start a job in a grocery store after a few months searching for work.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn fact, he rates his happiness levels as 10 out of 10, saying neither he nor anyone in his friendship group has experienced depression.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“Our lives are going really well,” he says. “It’s a great mixture of things. We have good weather – sometimes at least – good education and good healthcare.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EA national culture that supports spending time alone as well as with friends is also something he values, alongside Finland’s ample nature and low unemployment levels. “There’s a lot of jobs...if one is ready to apply and search for a job, then I think everyone can get a job,” he argues.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIt is these kind of markers – alongside high levels of trust and security and low rates of inequality – that explain Finland’s \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Ftravel\u002Fstory\u002F20180617-why-the-finns-dont-want-to-be-happy\"\u003Esometimes controversial\u003C\u002Fa\u003E top position in global happiness rankings.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe small, northerly nation, with a population of just 5.5 million people, has historically been stereotyped as having a melancholic mentality linked to its long, dark winters – it \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Ftravel\u002Fstory\u002F20180617-why-the-finns-dont-want-to-be-happy\"\u003Eisn’t a place where you regularly see outpourings of joy or other positive emotions\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. Yet, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Fnews\u002Fworld-43414145\"\u003Elike its Scandinavian neighbours\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, Finland ticks the bulk of the boxes that typically influence subjective well-being around the world.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"infographic","imageAlignment":"centre","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190924-being-depressed-in-the-worlds-happiest-country-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p07p612b"],"imageAlignment":"right","imageAltText":"Tuukka Saarni","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190924-being-depressed-in-the-worlds-happiest-country-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E‘More complex world’\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBut many experts argue that this image of Finland as a happy nation glosses over ongoing challenges when it comes to mental health – especially when it comes to young people. Some believe it may even be making it harder for Finns to recognise and acknowledge depressive symptoms and seek treatment.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESuicide rates in Finland are half what they were in the 1990s and have \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fspkonferens2017.se\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2017\u002F09\u002FFinland-suicide-prevention_Isomets%C3%A4_130917.pdf\"\u003Ereduced across all age groups\u003C\u002Fa\u003E – a shift which has been linked to a \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fthl.fi\u002Fen\u002Fweb\u002Fthlfi-en\u002F-\u002Fthe-darkest-years-made-finland-the-top-country-in-suicide-prevention\"\u003Enationwide suicide prevention campaign\u003C\u002Fa\u003E when things were at their worst, alongside improved treatment for depression.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBut they \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fyle.fi\u002Fuutiset\u002Fosasto\u002Fnews\u002Feurostat_falling_suicide_rate_in_finland_nears_european_average\u002F10324113\"\u003Eremain well above the European average\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. One third of all deaths among 15- to 24-year-olds are caused by suicide. According to a 2018 report, \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fnorden.diva-portal.org\u002Fsmash\u002Fget\u002Fdiva2:1236906\u002FFULLTEXT02.pdf\"\u003E\u003Cem\u003EIn the Shadow of Happiness\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, authored by the Nordic Council of Ministers and the Happiness Research Institute in Copenhagen, some 16% of Finnish women aged 18 to 23 and 11% of young men define themselves as “struggling” or “suffering” in life. This level is only worse in the age bracket of 80 or above.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190924-being-depressed-in-the-worlds-happiest-country-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"Suicide rates in Finland are half what they were in 1990s…but they remain well above the European average","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190924-being-depressed-in-the-worlds-happiest-country-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EThe last in-depth nationwide study of depression in Finland was in 2011, but not-for-profit organisation Mieli (Mental Health Finland) estimates that around 20% of under 30s have experienced depressive symptoms in the last year.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“It is prevalent,” says Juho Mertanen, a psychologist for the organisation. “And there are signs it might be rising, although this rise is not as extreme as some of the media here have made out.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EA 2017 report for the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fnordicwelfare.org\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2017\u002F10\u002Ffinland_webb-1.pdf\"\u003ENordic Centre for Welfare and Social Issues\u003C\u002Fa\u003E highlighted close links between substance abuse and ill health, noting that Finns drink more than their Nordic neighbours. There has also been an increase in drug use in the 25 to 34 age group. And while nationwide unemployment rates are low, they are significantly higher among young people. Some 12.5% of 15- to 19-year-olds were jobless at the end of 2018, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fappsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu\u002Fnui\u002Fshow.do?dataset=yth_empl_100&lang=en\"\u003Ethe highest proportion in the Nordics\u003C\u002Fa\u003E and above the EU average of 11.5%.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190924-being-depressed-in-the-worlds-happiest-country-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p07p629z"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Juho Mertanen","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190924-being-depressed-in-the-worlds-happiest-country-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EMertanen agrees that the job market in Finland is playing a role when it comes to mental health issues among young people because “there is a lot of uncertainty nowadays”. While Finland is a financially stable country by international standards, inequality is rising, he adds. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EHe also points out that Finland is exposed to global trends in digitalisation and embracing the gig economy, which are beginning to \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.oecd.org\u002Fels\u002Fhealth-systems\u002FChildren-and-Young-People-Mental-Health-in-the-Digital-Age.pdf\"\u003Eplay a role in discussions about mental health\u003C\u002Fa\u003E among young people across the western world. “The world is becoming more complex...The economy is changing – there are less stable careers that you can kind of just get into and then work [your] way through and then retire,” says Mertanen.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESocial media, he argues, may also be having an impact on the mental health of young people in Finland and elsewhere. While he is quick to point out that long-term, large-scale research looking at the impact of the likes of Instagram and Facebook remains limited, he explains that “the depressed mind is prone to comparison” and social media offers an easy way for some to “start comparing [their] own worst moments with the best moments of someone else's life”.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190924-being-depressed-in-the-worlds-happiest-country-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"While Finland is a financially stable country by international standards, inequality is rising","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190924-being-depressed-in-the-worlds-happiest-country-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EMertanen says it is even possible that Finland’s image as a place where people are expected to be satisfied with life might be exacerbating the negative impact of these global trends on young Finns, who don’t feel their experiences match the stereotype.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“I would say the happiness research and the social media... I can see it's feeding into the kind of black-and-white world view of the depressed mind,” he argues. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E‘Everything was fine, but…’\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIt’s a view shared by plenty of young Finns who have experienced depression themselves.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“You almost feel like you don't have the right to be depressed when you're living in a country like Finland where the living standard is so high,” explains Kirsi-Marja Moberg, now 34, who was first diagnosed with depression as a teenager and struggled with the illness throughout her twenties.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190924-being-depressed-in-the-worlds-happiest-country-8"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p07p6274"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Kirsi-Marja Moberg","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190924-being-depressed-in-the-worlds-happiest-country-9"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E“You feel really like you should be just enjoying yourself and all the possibilities that you have when you're still young. And also the society can really give you this kind of image.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“In Finland... you feel that everything should be alright, even though it's not,” agrees Jonne Juntura, a 27-year-old junior doctor who was depressed for six months during his university studies.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EHe points out that while difficult personal and societal events are often linked to depression – for example, break-ups or a recession – it is an illness that can affect people regardless of their standard of living.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190924-being-depressed-in-the-worlds-happiest-country-10"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"Even though we’re the happiest country in the world according to the statistics, it doesn’t tell the whole story – Jonne Juntura","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190924-being-depressed-in-the-worlds-happiest-country-11"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E“Even though we're the happiest country in the world according to the statistics, it doesn't tell the whole story. Because depression is a disease and it doesn't always relate to circumstances.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“The moment I personally fell ill, everything was fine with my life. I was really enjoying my school. I loved my hobbies. I was in a relationship. So there was nothing dramatically wrong with my life. But still, I fell ill,” he explains.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EA social stigma?\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EMost mental health experts agree that taboos around depression and anxiety have started to break down in Finland, especially since the nationwide anti-suicide push. This has contributed to more people seeking treatment, which makes it tricky to compare depression rates through the years and across age groups.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBut many young Finns who have experienced depression, including Kirsi-Marja Moberg, believe there is still a stigma attached to anyone “identified as a depressed person”.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“It depends what kind of social circles you are in or also, maybe, where you live in Finland, how freely people talk about these things...the taboo is definitely still there,” she argues.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190924-being-depressed-in-the-worlds-happiest-country-12"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p07p6jc1"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Kirsi-Marja Moberg and Jonne Juntura","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190924-being-depressed-in-the-worlds-happiest-country-13"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EMeanwhile in a culture where privacy is valued, overt displays of emotions are rare and even small talk is \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.bbc.com\u002Ftravel\u002Fstory\u002F20181016-how-the-finnish-survive-without-small-talk\"\u003Etypically kept to a minimum\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, acknowledging and discussing depression can remain a challenge for some Finns with the illness.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“It's not just a stereotype,” says Jonne Juntura of the Finns’ reputation for limited communication.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ENow treating his own patients with depression, he argues that young men in Finland can find it especially hard to verbalise what they are going through.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“Mental health problems are still associated with being weak, and in the masculine culture, some people see it as a hard thing to say they are feeling that bad.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGetting treatment\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWhen it comes to getting help for depression, \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmieli.fi\u002Fen\u002Fhome\u002Fmental-health\u002Fseeking-help-mental-health-problems\u002Fmental-health-services\"\u003Emunicipal authorities\u003C\u002Fa\u003E are responsible for mental health services, which are heavily subsidised by taxes. This means that, as in other Nordic countries with strong welfare systems, those experiencing mental health problems should not, in theory, struggle to get help or suffer financially.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EHowever, in recent years there have been ongoing political debates about \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fyle.fi\u002Fuutiset\u002Fosasto\u002Fnews\u002Fmore_than_100000_youth_face_mental_health_disorders_long_queues_for_care\u002F10885605\"\u003Elong waiting lists in larger cities\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, access to treatment for patients in more remote areas, and managing care for teenagers as they transition into adulthood.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190924-being-depressed-in-the-worlds-happiest-country-14"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p07p61tk"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Helsinki city","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190924-being-depressed-in-the-worlds-happiest-country-15"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E“It's really difficult to get help quickly …[it] might take weeks or even months. And in a crisis situation, that's too long,” says Emmi Kuosmanen, who works with teenagers at a high school in Helsinki. “I think the need has increased...But the health services haven't caught up.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EMental Health Finland psychologist Juho Mertanen agrees that early intervention is crucial to recovery, especially among young people experiencing depressive symptoms for the first time.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“With mental health, usually if you don't get help early on, then there's a lot of time to kind of ‘dig a hole deeper’, in a way,” he says.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190924-being-depressed-in-the-worlds-happiest-country-16"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"Early intervention is crucial to recovery, especially among young people experiencing depressive symptoms for the first time","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190924-being-depressed-in-the-worlds-happiest-country-17"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EOne tool that has gained \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.theguardian.com\u002Fhealthcare-network\u002F2017\u002Fapr\u002F05\u002Fwhat-uk-learn-finland-approach-mental-health-nhs\"\u003Eincreasing popularity in recent years\u003C\u002Fa\u003E is the online platform \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.mielenterveystalo.fi\u002Fen\u002FPages\u002Fdefault.aspx\"\u003EMental Health Hub\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, which was set up by professor Grigori Joffe and Dr Matti Holi at Helsinki University Central hospital as a response to fragmented mental health services and to address the need for treatment across the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmieli.fi\u002Fen\u002Fhome\u002Fmental-health\u002Fseeking-help-mental-health-problems\u002Fmental-health-services\"\u003Esparsely-populated largely rural nation\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. Now used by all health districts, it provides information on where to go for treatment, self-help tools and even video therapy sessions for people with mild to moderate depression. There is also a \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmieli.fi\u002Fen\u002Fhome\u002Fmental-health\u002Fsuicide\u002Fsuicidal-thoughts\"\u003Enational crisis hotline\u003C\u002Fa\u003E run by Mental Health Finland.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EMeanwhile, a nationwide \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fyle.fi\u002Fuutiset\u002Fosasto\u002Fnews\u002Fmental_health_therapy_guarantee_initiative_reaches_50k_target\u002F10887143\"\u003Epublic petition calling for every person who seeks help for a mental health issue to be guaranteed a short psychotherapeutic intervention within as little as a month\u003C\u002Fa\u003E has attracted more than 50,000 signatures, the minimum needed for an initiative to be debated in parliament. Finland’s Minister of Family Affairs and Social Services Krista Kiuru backs the initiative and it is set to be discussed by politicians later this year. The annual cost of this so-called ‘Therapy Guarantee’ initiative is estimated at €35 million a year (around $36m), however campaigners argue that it could save 10 times as much by helping to reduce sickness or unemployment benefits.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190924-being-depressed-in-the-worlds-happiest-country-18"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p07p619q"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Helsinki garden","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190924-being-depressed-in-the-worlds-happiest-country-19"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGlobal awareness\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJunior doctor Jonne Juntura says he is confident that despite Finland’s current challenges when it comes to tackling depression among young people, services will continue to improve.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EHe hopes that – alongside greater investment in early intervention – a broader national conversation will also evolve as a result of expanding global awareness about depression. The \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.who.int\u002Fmental_health\u002FSDGs\u002Fen\u002F\"\u003EUnited Nations’ recent inclusion of mental health as a sustainable development goal\u003C\u002Fa\u003E is one example of a sea-change in attitudes in recent years, according to Juntura.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“People are slowly starting to understand how big of an issue mental health is, and how many resources [are needed] individually and when it comes to society,” he argues. “There is still a lot to be done...But I do feel really optimistic.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190924-being-depressed-in-the-worlds-happiest-country-20"}],"collection":null,"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2019-09-25T16:55:25Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","geolocation":null,"headlineLong":"Being depressed in the 'world's happiest country'","headlineShort":"Depressed in the 'happiest country'","image":["p07p6cv7"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"Kirsi Marja Moberg and Jonne Juntura","isSyndicated":true,"latitude":"","location":null,"longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":null,"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"worklife","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":["p07p619q"],"relatedStories":null,"relatedTag":["tag\u002Fthe-nordic-way"],"summaryLong":"Finland regularly tops global rankings as the happiest nation on the planet, but this brings a unique set of challenges for young people struggling with depression.","summaryShort":"A unique set of mental health challenges in a Nordic nation","tag":["tag\u002Fthe-nordic-way"],"creationDateTime":"2019-09-24T20:10:14.549168Z","entity":"article","guid":"a9ba07b5-c714-4d83-8ad4-dfab5ea4e7d3","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190924-being-depressed-in-the-worlds-happiest-country","modifiedDateTime":"2019-09-25T18:56:26.104824Z","project":"worklife","slug":"20190924-being-depressed-in-the-worlds-happiest-country","cacheLastUpdated":1571107324424},"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190919-the-one-euro-homes-of-sicily":{"urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:article:worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190919-the-one-euro-homes-of-sicily","_id":"5d9db31db8bc804d7b879397","ambientVideo":null,"articleType":"video","assetVideo":["p07nt6qn"],"author":["wwtravel\u002Fauthor\u002Fandrea-savorani-neri"],"bodyIntro":"For many, it’s a dream to live in Italy. One Sicilian municipality is helping foreigners move there – for the low, low price of a single euro.","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EIn early 2019 officials in a small, rural Sicilian town called Sambuca announced a plan to revive their shrinking community: sell old, abandoned homes for a single euro.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ELike many other small towns across Europe, Sambuca had suffered from severe population decline as locals moved from the countryside to the cities. So municipal officials bought up empty houses, then offered up the nominally-priced properties to the global market in order to attract new people.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.thelocal.it\u002F20190121\u002Fone-euro-homes-offer-causes-property-stampede-in-sicily\"\u003EIt worked\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. After enquiries from all over the world – from artists, dancers, musicians and more – Sambuca’s new residents are fixing up the houses and moving in. The renovation investment is the only requirement of these purchases, which are giving a diverse group of international buyers a new place to call home.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESambuca’s mayor, Leonardo Ciaccio, is very pleased to see the empty houses transforming into thriving homes. “It all worked out very nicely,” he says.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"infographic","imageAlignment":"centre","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190919-the-one-euro-homes-of-sicily-0"}],"collection":["worklife\u002Fpremium-collection\u002Fgeneration-project"],"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2019-09-24T21:20:26Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","geolocation":null,"headlineLong":"The €1 homes of Sicily","headlineShort":"The €1 homes of Sicily","image":["p07nxbmk"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"","isSyndicated":false,"latitude":"","location":null,"longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":null,"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"worklife","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":null,"relatedStories":["worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190827-how-an-environmental-autobiography-shapes-your-perceptions","worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190910-the-major-cities-being-designed-for-adults-not-families"],"relatedTag":null,"summaryLong":"For many, it’s a dream to live in Italy. One Sicilian municipality is helping foreigners move there – for the low, low price of a single euro.","summaryShort":"To revive a dying village in Italy, a community is giving away €1 homes","tag":["tag\u002Fchanging-home"],"creationDateTime":"2019-09-23T20:44:09.57297Z","entity":"article","guid":"82636eca-5b93-407b-ab61-88a494fa71f8","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190919-the-one-euro-homes-of-sicily","modifiedDateTime":"2019-10-01T14:43:21.437782Z","project":"worklife","slug":"20190919-the-one-euro-homes-of-sicily","cacheLastUpdated":1571107324428},"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190916-the-parasitic-homes-that-could-change-cities":{"urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:article:worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190916-the-parasitic-homes-that-could-change-cities","_id":"5d9db31db8bc804d7b8792ad","ambientVideo":null,"articleType":"story","assetVideo":null,"author":["worklife\u002Fauthor\u002Ferica-x-eisen"],"bodyIntro":"As urban centres face housing shortages and skyrocketing prices, parasitic structures could open the door to a whole new way of living in cities.","businessUnit":"worldwide","cards":[{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003ETwo years ago, graphic designer Marc Richard came across a post on an architecture blog devoted to something called the SHED Project. SHED was a diminutive pre-fabricated home designed by English architecture firm Studio Bark, plopped inside a disused factory in London’s Battersea district. A freelancer, Richard was not particularly tied to one area or another for work, and although he didn’t want to leave London, the cost of living in the city was becoming a burden. At the same time, he says, he was “craving something different”.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EOn a whim, Richard shot an email to someone at the studio expressing interest in the project. Not long after, he found himself moving into a 11.15-sq m box on wheels, located inside a larger structure, that \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Floweguardians.com\u002Fmeet-first-occupant-shed-project\u002F\"\u003Ecould fit a double bed, a desk and a chair\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. Richard says it “sort of feels like a grand bedroom”.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"infographic","imageAlignment":"centre","pullQuoteImageAlignment":"centre","videoImageAlign":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190916-the-parasitic-homes-that-could-change-cities-0"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"The SHED Project is an example of so-called ‘parasitic architecture’, in which new structures are added onto, between or even inside pre-existing ones","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190916-the-parasitic-homes-that-could-change-cities-1"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EThe SHED Project is an example of so-called ‘parasitic architecture’, in which new structures are added onto, between or even \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.dezeen.com\u002F2015\u002F10\u002F07\u002Fmicro-dwelling-allzone-abandoned-towers-parasites-chicago-architecture-biennial-2015\u002F\"\u003Einside pre-existing ones\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. At a time when many cities are facing affordable housing shortages, parasitic constructions have gained increasing attention as an innovative approach to building homes that are novel yet affordable.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThis year, Ecuadorian architecture firm El Sindicato constructed a 12-sq m, glass-and-steel-clad \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.elsindicatoarquitectura.com\"\u003Ehouse\u003C\u002Fa\u003E hosted on another building’s rooftop in the San Juan neighbourhood of Quito. There have also been many ambitious conceptual parasitic projects reimaging major structures as functional homes: a \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.dezeen.com\u002F2017\u002F02\u002F07\u002Ftoronto-cn-tower-reimagined-residential-high-rise-parasitic-wooden-pods-quadrangle\u002F\"\u003Eversion\u003C\u002Fa\u003E of Toronto’s CN Tower covered with wooden housing pods and a \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.stephanemalka.com\u002Fportfolio\u002Fself-defense-i-pocket-of-active-resistance-i-la-defense-2009\u002F\"\u003Esea\u003C\u002Fa\u003E of colourful housing blanketing the inner walls of Paris’ Arche de la Défense.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190916-the-parasitic-homes-that-could-change-cities-2"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p07nj04w"],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190916-the-parasitic-homes-that-could-change-cities-3"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003ERichard says that living in such an unconventional space has made him radically rethink what cities could look like, especially beyond traditional brick-and-mortar buildings.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EFor example, picture a convention centre or exhibition hall: the space can house many different booths that can be changed easily, depending on the event. Housing could be similarly adaptable, whether residents want to change their structures often or simply live in more unconventional dwellings.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“Things could be on wheels like the shed, or you could have flexible spaces, adaptable spaces, perhaps buildings which are modular and you could shrink them down when you need to,” he says. To Richard, a city that embraces the possibilities of parasitic architecture is one that could free architects and inhabitants alike to play with their idea of home. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ETeresa Bardzińska-Bonenberg, an architectural historian at Poland’s University of Arts in Poznań, has studied parasitic architecture. She says that the growing number of heritage-listed buildings in city centres that can’t be altered, combined with skyrocketing rent prices and diminishing real estate inventory, has forced architects to become imaginative with new projects in urban areas.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAt the same time, she points to an increasing desire for homes that occupants can easily and cheaply revamp and remix. “This is what the idea of ‘parasiting’ the city is about,” she says. “People have now much more inspiration, materials, tools and courage to express themselves.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190916-the-parasitic-homes-that-could-change-cities-4"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p07nhztx"],"imageAlignment":"centre","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190916-the-parasitic-homes-that-could-change-cities-5"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EA highly visible parasite\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThough reusing or expanding upon an older building is hardly a new phenomenon, parasitic add-ons distinguish themselves by contrasting deliberately from their ‘hosts’ in a mix of colour, material and style. The visibility of the addition isn’t a problem – it’s the point.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThese highly visible parasitic structures also serve as a powerful means of making social issues more visible.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EArtist Michael Rakowitz started his socially conscious parasitic housing programme paraSITE after returning from a residency in Jordan. Rakowitz, then a graduate student at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, saw a homeless person sleeping on a heat grate outside a building in Cambridge, Massachusetts. He was reminded of the wind-blown tents of nomadic Bedouins.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“Here was this other instance of wind, only it wasn’t the wind that was moving through the desert – it was the wind that was a by-product of a building’s service system,” he says. “And it was another form of nomadism… urban nomads who are nomads by consequence and are economic and social refugees.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190916-the-parasitic-homes-that-could-change-cities-6"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"Parasitic add-ons distinguish themselves by contrasting deliberately from their ‘hosts’. The visibility of the addition isn’t a problem – it’s the point","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190916-the-parasitic-homes-that-could-change-cities-7"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003EparaSITE is now an ongoing project in which Rakowitz fashions custom-made double-membrane plastic shelters. He has been building structures since the 1990s in cities such as Boston, New York City, Chicago, Montreal, Ljubljana, and Berlin. When attached to heat vents on the side of buildings, the structures inflate, providing their owners with a warm and dry place to sleep. They also shield residents from the dirty air they would have to breathe if they slept on the heat grates directly. As Rakowitz puts it, “You have one building breathing life into the lungs of another one.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBut Rakowitz is emphatic that paraSITE should not be seen as an easy fix for homelessness. After all, he argues, cities wouldn’t willingly manufacture these structures since they draw attention to the issue of homelessness rather than masking it. But the high-visibility nature of parasitic architecture is actually an integral part of his project: rendering the crisis of homelessness visible, thereby potentially opening conversations with city officials and, on a larger scale, provoking structural change.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190916-the-parasitic-homes-that-could-change-cities-8"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"Image","iFrameType":"","image":["p07nj09x"],"imageAlignment":"right","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190916-the-parasitic-homes-that-could-change-cities-9"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EPriced low but precarious\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EOften modular, easy-to-build and petite, many examples of parasitic architecture are poised to address the needs of low-income populations and even young creatives trying to get by. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAt £300 ($373) a month, rent for Richard’s SHED is a fraction of what most Londoners pay for a room in a shared flat: \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.london.gov.uk\u002Fwhat-we-do\u002Fhousing-and-land\u002Frenting\u002Flondon-rents-map#acc-i-48689\"\u003Edata\u003C\u002Fa\u003E from the Greater London Authority show that the average monthly rent for a room in many parts of central London is £650 or more.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWith the same kind of desire to customise that Bardzińska-Bonenberg describes, Richard built himself a kitchen adjoining the box, added some plants. “When I first moved in,” he recalls, “I thought, ‘This is joy.’” \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBut because Richard’s house is located in a building under a \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.gov.uk\u002Fgovernment\u002Fpublications\u002Fproperty-guardians-fact-sheet\u002Fproperty-guardians-a-fact-sheet-for-current-and-potential-property-guardians\"\u003Eguardianship scheme\u003C\u002Fa\u003E (in which people maintain a physical presence in abandoned buildings in return for reduced rent from the guardian company), he lives with the possibility of short-notice eviction. The guardian company had originally planned to introduce a whole colony of sheds, but that plan has since fallen by the wayside. (Studio Bark sells a kit to build a SHED Project shed as a parasite in other structures, but Richard has the only autonomous parasite shed in this experiment.) Instead, the guardian company is focussing on buildings where a room-like set-up already exists.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190916-the-parasitic-homes-that-could-change-cities-10"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[]},"cardType":"PullQuote","iFrameType":"","pullQuote":"Richard’s house is essentially a wooden box on wheels located inside a much larger space, which Richard says “sort of feels like a grand bedroom”","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190916-the-parasitic-homes-that-could-change-cities-11"},{"bodyHtml":{"assets":[],"html":"\u003Cp\u003E“It’s much, much easier for them to do \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.theguardian.com\u002Fsociety\u002F2015\u002Fdec\u002F24\u002Fthe-high-price-of-cheap-living-how-the-property-guardianship-dream-soured\"\u003Ewhat other guardianships do\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, which is take on buildings that already have an obvious structure to them,” says Richard.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAfter two years in the shed, Richard says he’s ready to move into a more conventional dwelling. A big factor influencing his decision is social: the odd nature of the set-up means that friends who visit often seem weirded out by the eerie openness of the massive factory space. When people aren’t used to unconventional living spaces, they find navigating them unnatural.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EEven as he weighs his next move, however, it’s clear that life in the shed has had an effect on him: Richard says he has imagined suspending something in the rafters, divvying up the space with screens, purchasing a plot of land and putting up a collection of interconnected prefabs.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E“It’s like the equivalent of building a fire,” he says of the set-up – how it asks of people to do their part, pitch in, bring something. Living there, he says, “was very beautiful in its own way.”\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"cardType":"Body","iFrameType":"","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190916-the-parasitic-homes-that-could-change-cities-12"}],"collection":["worklife\u002Fpremium-collection\u002Fgeneration-project"],"disableAdverts":false,"displayDate":"2019-09-23T20:36:12Z","embeddedCustomHtml":"","embeddedInfographicUrl":"","embeddedType":"infographic","geolocation":null,"headlineLong":"The ‘parasitic’ homes that could change cities","headlineShort":"The odd tiny homes infiltrating cities","image":["p07nj09q"],"imageAlignment":"centre","imageAltText":"","isSyndicated":false,"latitude":"","location":null,"longitude":"","mpsVideo":"","option":null,"partner":null,"primaryVertical":"worklife","promoAlignment":"centre","promoAltText":"","promoImage":["p07p1wj4"],"relatedStories":["worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190903-the-married-couples-in-hong-kong-who-live-apar","worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190827-how-an-environmental-autobiography-shapes-your-perceptions"],"relatedTag":null,"summaryLong":"As urban centres face housing shortages and skyrocketing prices, parasitic structures could open the door to a whole new way of living in cities.","summaryShort":"Highly visible, sometimes peculiar structures are popping up around the world","tag":["tag\u002Fchanging-home"],"creationDateTime":"2019-09-22T21:25:39.695395Z","entity":"article","guid":"f88f3220-28cf-4123-bc19-f7ed8ef5c3c1","id":"worklife\u002Farticle\u002F20190916-the-parasitic-homes-that-could-change-cities","modifiedDateTime":"2019-09-30T21:13:28.242109Z","project":"worklife","slug":"20190916-the-parasitic-homes-that-could-change-cities","cacheLastUpdated":1571107324432}},"tags":{"tag\u002Fpopulation-paradox":{"urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:tag:tag\u002Fpopulation-paradox","_id":"5d9db468b8bc804d7b8e9cd5","assetImage":null,"description":"","linkUrl":"","name":"Population Paradox","creationDateTime":"2019-10-01T12:49:17.924279Z","entity":"tag","guid":"d6de8cf5-fe1b-454d-a547-0b160ad6d393","id":"tag\u002Fpopulation-paradox","modifiedDateTime":"2019-10-01T12:49:17.924279Z","project":"","slug":"population-paradox","cacheLastUpdated":1571107324420},"tag\u002Fthe-nordic-way":{"urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:tag:tag\u002Fthe-nordic-way","_id":"5d9db46cb8bc804d7b8ea621","assetImage":["p07hvxg3"],"description":"The Nordic countries often top international rankings on work-life balance. Worklife goes beyond the headlines to see what makes them tick.","linkUrl":"","name":"The Nordic Way","creationDateTime":"2019-07-25T23:55:35.404824Z","entity":"tag","guid":"4a6121ac-341d-4a3d-8010-cb77172c41f5","id":"tag\u002Fthe-nordic-way","modifiedDateTime":"2019-08-07T21:20:42.757646Z","project":"","slug":"the-nordic-way","cacheLastUpdated":1571107324424},"tag\u002Fpsychology":{"urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:tag:tag\u002Fpsychology","_id":"5d9db469b8bc804d7b8e9eb2","assetImage":null,"description":"","linkUrl":"","name":"Psychology","creationDateTime":"2015-01-23T12:11:42Z","entity":"tag","guid":"5ac58b59-e485-47e2-9d0e-bb2d3cddf005","id":"tag\u002Fpsychology","modifiedDateTime":"2015-09-03T09:09:16.585157Z","project":"","slug":"psychology","cacheLastUpdated":1571107324387},"tag\u002Fchanging-home":{"urn":"urn:pubstack:jative:tag:tag\u002Fchanging-home","_id":"5d9db46bb8bc804d7b8ea494","assetImage":null,"description":"","linkUrl":"","name":"Changing Home 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