CINXE.COM

ICSE Class 8 Short Answer Questions Online - TopperLearning

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" itemscope> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"><script type="text/javascript">(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).init={privacy:{cookies_enabled:true},ajax:{deny_list:["bam.nr-data.net"]},distributed_tracing:{enabled:true}};(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).loader_config={agentID:"1588959637",accountID:"1441911",trustKey:"1441911",xpid:"VQIDUF9SCRABUVRXAgYFUlwE",licenseKey:"169254e235",applicationID:"1555572485"};;/*! For license information please see nr-loader-spa-1.274.0.min.js.LICENSE.txt */ (()=>{var e,t,r={8122:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>i});var n=r(944);function i(e,t){try{if(!e||"object"!=typeof e)return(0,n.R)(3);if(!t||"object"!=typeof t)return(0,n.R)(4);const r=Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(t),Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)),o=0===Object.keys(r).length?e:r;for(let a in o)if(void 0!==e[a])try{if(null===e[a]){r[a]=null;continue}Array.isArray(e[a])&&Array.isArray(t[a])?r[a]=Array.from(new Set([...e[a],...t[a]])):"object"==typeof e[a]&&"object"==typeof t[a]?r[a]=i(e[a],t[a]):r[a]=e[a]}catch(e){(0,n.R)(1,e)}return r}catch(e){(0,n.R)(2,e)}}},2555:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Vp:()=>c,fn:()=>s,x1:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8122);const o={beacon:n.NT.beacon,errorBeacon:n.NT.errorBeacon,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,sa:void 0,queueTime:void 0,applicationTime:void 0,ttGuid:void 0,user:void 0,account:void 0,product:void 0,extra:void 0,jsAttributes:{},userAttributes:void 0,atts:void 0,transactionName:void 0,tNamePlain:void 0},a={};function s(e){try{const t=c(e);return!!t.licenseKey&&!!t.errorBeacon&&!!t.applicationID}catch(e){return!1}}function c(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("Info for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function u(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.info=a[e])}},9417:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D0:()=>h,gD:()=>g,xN:()=>p});var n=r(993);const i=e=>{if(!e||"string"!=typeof e)return!1;try{document.createDocumentFragment().querySelector(e)}catch{return!1}return!0};var o=r(2614),a=r(944),s=r(384),c=r(8122);const u="[data-nr-mask]",d=()=>{const e={mask_selector:"*",block_selector:"[data-nr-block]",mask_input_options:{color:!1,date:!1,"datetime-local":!1,email:!1,month:!1,number:!1,range:!1,search:!1,tel:!1,text:!1,time:!1,url:!1,week:!1,textarea:!1,select:!1,password:!0}};return{ajax:{deny_list:void 0,block_internal:!0,enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},distributed_tracing:{enabled:void 0,exclude_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_tracecontext_headers:void 0,allowed_origins:void 0},feature_flags:[],generic_events:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,autoStart:!0},harvest:{tooManyRequestsDelay:60},jserrors:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},logging:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0,level:n.p_.INFO},metrics:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},obfuscate:void 0,page_action:{enabled:!0},page_view_event:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},page_view_timing:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,autoStart:!0},performance:{capture_marks:!1,capture_measures:!1},privacy:{cookies_enabled:!0},proxy:{assets:void 0,beacon:void 0},session:{expiresMs:o.wk,inactiveMs:o.BB},session_replay:{autoStart:!0,enabled:!1,harvestTimeSeconds:60,preload:!1,sampling_rate:10,error_sampling_rate:100,collect_fonts:!1,inline_images:!1,fix_stylesheets:!0,mask_all_inputs:!0,get mask_text_selector(){return e.mask_selector},set mask_text_selector(t){i(t)?e.mask_selector="".concat(t,",").concat(u):""===t||null===t?e.mask_selector=u:(0,a.R)(5,t)},get block_class(){return"nr-block"},get ignore_class(){return"nr-ignore"},get mask_text_class(){return"nr-mask"},get block_selector(){return e.block_selector},set block_selector(t){i(t)?e.block_selector+=",".concat(t):""!==t&&(0,a.R)(6,t)},get mask_input_options(){return e.mask_input_options},set mask_input_options(t){t&&"object"==typeof t?e.mask_input_options={...t,password:!0}:(0,a.R)(7,t)}},session_trace:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},soft_navigations:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},spa:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},ssl:void 0,user_actions:{enabled:!0}}},l={},f="All configuration objects require an agent identifier!";function h(e){if(!e)throw new Error(f);if(!l[e])throw new Error("Configuration for ".concat(e," was never set"));return l[e]}function p(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(f);l[e]=(0,c.a)(t,d());const r=(0,s.nY)(e);r&&(r.init=l[e])}function g(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(f);var r=h(e);if(r){for(var n=t.split("."),i=0;i<n.length-1;i++)if("object"!=typeof(r=r[n[i]]))return;r=r[n[n.length-1]]}return r}},5603:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>c,o:()=>s});var n=r(384),i=r(8122);const o={accountID:void 0,trustKey:void 0,agentID:void 0,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,xpid:void 0},a={};function s(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("LoaderConfig for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function c(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.loader_config=a[e])}},3371:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{V:()=>f,f:()=>l});var n=r(8122),i=r(384),o=r(6154),a=r(9324);let s=0;const c={buildEnv:a.F3,distMethod:a.Xs,version:a.xv,originTime:o.WN},u={customTransaction:void 0,disabled:!1,isolatedBacklog:!1,loaderType:void 0,maxBytes:3e4,onerror:void 0,ptid:void 0,releaseIds:{},appMetadata:{},session:void 0,denyList:void 0,timeKeeper:void 0,obfuscator:void 0},d={};function l(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");if(!d[e])throw new Error("Runtime for ".concat(e," was never set"));return d[e]}function f(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");d[e]={...(0,n.a)(t,u),...c},Object.hasOwnProperty.call(d[e],"harvestCount")||Object.defineProperty(d[e],"harvestCount",{get:()=>++s});const r=(0,i.nY)(e);r&&(r.runtime=d[e])}},9324:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{F3:()=>i,Xs:()=>o,Yq:()=>a,xv:()=>n});const n="1.274.0",i="PROD",o="CDN",a="^2.0.0-alpha.17"},6154:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{A4:()=>s,OF:()=>d,RI:()=>i,WN:()=>h,bv:()=>o,gm:()=>a,lR:()=>f,m:()=>u,mw:()=>c,sb:()=>l});var n=r(1863);const i="undefined"!=typeof window&&!!window.document,o="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator),a=i?window:"undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis),s="complete"===a?.document?.readyState,c=Boolean("hidden"===a?.document?.visibilityState),u=""+a?.location,d=/iPad|iPhone|iPod/.test(a.navigator?.userAgent),l=d&&"undefined"==typeof SharedWorker,f=(()=>{const e=a.navigator?.userAgent?.match(/Firefox[/\s](\d+\.\d+)/);return Array.isArray(e)&&e.length>=2?+e[1]:0})(),h=Date.now()-(0,n.t)()},7295:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Xv:()=>a,gX:()=>i,iW:()=>o});var n=[];function i(e){if(!e||o(e))return!1;if(0===n.length)return!0;for(var t=0;t<n.length;t++){var r=n[t];if("*"===r.hostname)return!1;if(s(r.hostname,e.hostname)&&c(r.pathname,e.pathname))return!1}return!0}function o(e){return void 0===e.hostname}function a(e){if(n=[],e&&e.length)for(var t=0;t<e.length;t++){let r=e[t];if(!r)continue;0===r.indexOf("http://")?r=r.substring(7):0===r.indexOf("https://")&&(r=r.substring(8));const i=r.indexOf("/");let o,a;i>0?(o=r.substring(0,i),a=r.substring(i)):(o=r,a="");let[s]=o.split(":");n.push({hostname:s,pathname:a})}}function s(e,t){return!(e.length>t.length)&&t.indexOf(e)===t.length-e.length}function c(e,t){return 0===e.indexOf("/")&&(e=e.substring(1)),0===t.indexOf("/")&&(t=t.substring(1)),""===e||e===t}},1687:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Ak:()=>c,Ze:()=>l,x3:()=>u});var n=r(7836),i=r(3606),o=r(860),a=r(2646);const s={};function c(e,t){const r={staged:!1,priority:o.P3[t]||0};d(e),s[e].get(t)||s[e].set(t,r)}function u(e,t){e&&s[e]&&(s[e].get(t)&&s[e].delete(t),h(e,t,!1),s[e].size&&f(e))}function d(e){if(!e)throw new Error("agentIdentifier required");s[e]||(s[e]=new Map)}function l(e="",t="feature",r=!1){if(d(e),!e||!s[e].get(t)||r)return h(e,t);s[e].get(t).staged=!0,f(e)}function f(e){const t=Array.from(s[e]);t.every((([e,t])=>t.staged))&&(t.sort(((e,t)=>e[1].priority-t[1].priority)),t.forEach((([t])=>{s[e].delete(t),h(e,t)})))}function h(e,t,r=!0){const o=e?n.ee.get(e):n.ee,s=i.i.handlers;if(!o.aborted&&o.backlog&&s){if(r){const e=o.backlog[t],r=s[t];if(r){for(let t=0;e&&t<e.length;++t)p(e[t],r);Object.entries(r).forEach((([e,t])=>{Object.values(t||{}).forEach((t=>{t[0]?.on&&t[0]?.context()instanceof a.y&&t[0].on(e,t[1])}))}))}}o.isolatedBacklog||delete s[t],o.backlog[t]=null,o.emit("drain-"+t,[])}}function p(e,t){var r=e[1];Object.values(t[r]||{}).forEach((t=>{var r=e[0];if(t[0]===r){var n=t[1],i=e[3],o=e[2];n.apply(i,o)}}))}},7836:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{P:()=>c,ee:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8990),o=r(3371),a=r(2646),s=r(5607);const c="nr@context:".concat(s.W),u=function e(t,r){var n={},s={},d={},l=!1;try{l=16===r.length&&(0,o.f)(r).isolatedBacklog}catch(e){}var f={on:p,addEventListener:p,removeEventListener:function(e,t){var r=n[e];if(!r)return;for(var i=0;i<r.length;i++)r[i]===t&&r.splice(i,1)},emit:function(e,r,n,i,o){!1!==o&&(o=!0);if(u.aborted&&!i)return;t&&o&&t.emit(e,r,n);for(var a=h(n),c=g(e),d=c.length,l=0;l<d;l++)c[l].apply(a,r);var p=v()[s[e]];p&&p.push([f,e,r,a]);return a},get:m,listeners:g,context:h,buffer:function(e,t){const r=v();if(t=t||"feature",f.aborted)return;Object.entries(e||{}).forEach((([e,n])=>{s[n]=t,t in r||(r[t]=[])}))},abort:function(){f._aborted=!0,Object.keys(f.backlog).forEach((e=>{delete f.backlog[e]}))},isBuffering:function(e){return!!v()[s[e]]},debugId:r,backlog:l?{}:t&&"object"==typeof t.backlog?t.backlog:{},isolatedBacklog:l};return Object.defineProperty(f,"aborted",{get:()=>{let e=f._aborted||!1;return e||(t&&(e=t.aborted),e)}}),f;function h(e){return e&&e instanceof a.y?e:e?(0,i.I)(e,c,(()=>new a.y(c))):new a.y(c)}function p(e,t){n[e]=g(e).concat(t)}function g(e){return n[e]||[]}function m(t){return d[t]=d[t]||e(f,t)}function v(){return f.backlog}}(void 0,"globalEE"),d=(0,n.Zm)();d.ee||(d.ee=u)},2646:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{y:()=>n});class n{constructor(e){this.contextId=e}}},9908:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{d:()=>n,p:()=>i});var n=r(7836).ee.get("handle");function i(e,t,r,i,o){o?(o.buffer([e],i),o.emit(e,t,r)):(n.buffer([e],i),n.emit(e,t,r))}},3606:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{i:()=>o});var n=r(9908);o.on=a;var i=o.handlers={};function o(e,t,r,o){a(o||n.d,i,e,t,r)}function a(e,t,r,i,o){o||(o="feature"),e||(e=n.d);var a=t[o]=t[o]||{};(a[r]=a[r]||[]).push([e,i])}},3878:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){return{capture:e,passive:!1,signal:t}}function i(e,t,r=!1,i){window.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}function o(e,t,r=!1,i){document.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}r.d(t,{DD:()=>o,jT:()=>n,sp:()=>i})},5607:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>n});const n=(0,r(9566).bz)()},9566:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{LA:()=>s,ZF:()=>c,bz:()=>a,el:()=>u});var n=r(6154);const i="xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx";function o(e,t){return e?15&e[t]:16*Math.random()|0}function a(){const e=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let t,r=0;return e&&e.getRandomValues&&(t=e.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(30))),i.split("").map((e=>"x"===e?o(t,r++).toString(16):"y"===e?(3&o()|8).toString(16):e)).join("")}function s(e){const t=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let r,i=0;t&&t.getRandomValues&&(r=t.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(e)));const a=[];for(var s=0;s<e;s++)a.push(o(r,i++).toString(16));return a.join("")}function c(){return s(16)}function u(){return s(32)}},2614:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{BB:()=>a,H3:()=>n,g:()=>u,iL:()=>c,tS:()=>s,uh:()=>i,wk:()=>o});const n="NRBA",i="SESSION",o=144e5,a=18e5,s={STARTED:"session-started",PAUSE:"session-pause",RESET:"session-reset",RESUME:"session-resume",UPDATE:"session-update"},c={SAME_TAB:"same-tab",CROSS_TAB:"cross-tab"},u={OFF:0,FULL:1,ERROR:2}},1863:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(){return Math.floor(performance.now())}r.d(t,{t:()=>n})},7485:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D:()=>i});var n=r(6154);function i(e){if(0===(e||"").indexOf("data:"))return{protocol:"data"};try{const t=new URL(e,location.href),r={port:t.port,hostname:t.hostname,pathname:t.pathname,search:t.search,protocol:t.protocol.slice(0,t.protocol.indexOf(":")),sameOrigin:t.protocol===n.gm?.location?.protocol&&t.host===n.gm?.location?.host};return r.port&&""!==r.port||("http:"===t.protocol&&(r.port="80"),"https:"===t.protocol&&(r.port="443")),r.pathname&&""!==r.pathname?r.pathname.startsWith("/")||(r.pathname="/".concat(r.pathname)):r.pathname="/",r}catch(e){return{}}}},944:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){"function"==typeof console.debug&&console.debug("New Relic Warning: https://github.com/newrelic/newrelic-browser-agent/blob/main/docs/warning-codes.md#".concat(e),t)}r.d(t,{R:()=>n})},5284:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{t:()=>c,B:()=>s});var n=r(7836),i=r(6154);const o="newrelic";const a=new Set,s={};function c(e,t){const r=n.ee.get(t);s[t]??={},e&&"object"==typeof e&&(a.has(t)||(r.emit("rumresp",[e]),s[t]=e,a.add(t),function(e={}){try{i.gm.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(o,{detail:e}))}catch(e){}}({loaded:!0})))}},8990:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{I:()=>i});var n=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;function i(e,t,r){if(n.call(e,t))return e[t];var i=r();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:i,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),i}catch(e){}return e[t]=i,i}},6389:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t=500,r={}){const n=r?.leading||!1;let i;return(...r)=>{n&&void 0===i&&(e.apply(this,r),i=setTimeout((()=>{i=clearTimeout(i)}),t)),n||(clearTimeout(i),i=setTimeout((()=>{e.apply(this,r)}),t))}}function i(e){let t=!1;return(...r)=>{t||(t=!0,e.apply(this,r))}}r.d(t,{J:()=>i,s:()=>n})},3304:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{A:()=>o});var n=r(7836);const i=()=>{const e=new WeakSet;return(t,r)=>{if("object"==typeof r&&null!==r){if(e.has(r))return;e.add(r)}return r}};function o(e){try{return JSON.stringify(e,i())??""}catch(e){try{n.ee.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}return""}}},5289:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{GG:()=>o,sB:()=>a});var n=r(3878);function i(){return"undefined"==typeof document||"complete"===document.readyState}function o(e,t){if(i())return e();(0,n.sp)("load",e,t)}function a(e){if(i())return e();(0,n.DD)("DOMContentLoaded",e)}},384:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{NT:()=>o,US:()=>d,Zm:()=>a,bQ:()=>c,dV:()=>s,nY:()=>u,pV:()=>l});var n=r(6154),i=r(1863);const o={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net"};function a(){return n.gm.NREUM||(n.gm.NREUM={}),void 0===n.gm.newrelic&&(n.gm.newrelic=n.gm.NREUM),n.gm.NREUM}function s(){let e=a();return e.o||(e.o={ST:n.gm.setTimeout,SI:n.gm.setImmediate,CT:n.gm.clearTimeout,XHR:n.gm.XMLHttpRequest,REQ:n.gm.Request,EV:n.gm.Event,PR:n.gm.Promise,MO:n.gm.MutationObserver,FETCH:n.gm.fetch,WS:n.gm.WebSocket}),e}function c(e,t){let r=a();r.initializedAgents??={},t.initializedAt={ms:(0,i.t)(),date:new Date},r.initializedAgents[e]=t}function u(e){let t=a();return t.initializedAgents?.[e]}function d(e,t){a()[e]=t}function l(){return function(){let e=a();const t=e.info||{};e.info={beacon:o.beacon,errorBeacon:o.errorBeacon,...t}}(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.init||{};e.init={...t}}(),s(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.loader_config||{};e.loader_config={...t}}(),a()}},2843:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{u:()=>i});var n=r(3878);function i(e,t=!1,r,i){(0,n.DD)("visibilitychange",(function(){if(t)return void("hidden"===document.visibilityState&&e());e(document.visibilityState)}),r,i)}},8139:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{u:()=>f});var n=r(7836),i=r(3434),o=r(8990),a=r(6154);const s={},c=a.gm.XMLHttpRequest,u="addEventListener",d="removeEventListener",l="nr@wrapped:".concat(n.P);function f(e){var t=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get("events")}(e);if(s[t.debugId]++)return t;s[t.debugId]=1;var r=(0,i.YM)(t,!0);function f(e){r.inPlace(e,[u,d],"-",p)}function p(e,t){return e[1]}return"getPrototypeOf"in Object&&(a.RI&&h(document,f),h(a.gm,f),h(c.prototype,f)),t.on(u+"-start",(function(e,t){var n=e[1];if(null!==n&&("function"==typeof n||"object"==typeof n)){var i=(0,o.I)(n,l,(function(){var e={object:function(){if("function"!=typeof n.handleEvent)return;return n.handleEvent.apply(n,arguments)},function:n}[typeof n];return e?r(e,"fn-",null,e.name||"anonymous"):n}));this.wrapped=e[1]=i}})),t.on(d+"-start",(function(e){e[1]=this.wrapped||e[1]})),t}function h(e,t,...r){let n=e;for(;"object"==typeof n&&!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(n,u);)n=Object.getPrototypeOf(n);n&&t(n,...r)}},3434:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Jt:()=>o,YM:()=>c});var n=r(7836),i=r(5607);const o="nr@original:".concat(i.W);var a=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,s=!1;function c(e,t){return e||(e=n.ee),r.inPlace=function(e,t,n,i,o){n||(n="");const a="-"===n.charAt(0);for(let s=0;s<t.length;s++){const c=t[s],u=e[c];d(u)||(e[c]=r(u,a?c+n:n,i,c,o))}},r.flag=o,r;function r(t,r,n,s,c){return d(t)?t:(r||(r=""),nrWrapper[o]=t,function(e,t,r){if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.keys(e).forEach((function(r){Object.defineProperty(t,r,{get:function(){return e[r]},set:function(t){return e[r]=t,t}})})),t}catch(e){u([e],r)}for(var n in e)a.call(e,n)&&(t[n]=e[n])}(t,nrWrapper,e),nrWrapper);function nrWrapper(){var o,a,d,l;try{a=this,o=[...arguments],d="function"==typeof n?n(o,a):n||{}}catch(t){u([t,"",[o,a,s],d],e)}i(r+"start",[o,a,s],d,c);try{return l=t.apply(a,o)}catch(e){throw i(r+"err",[o,a,e],d,c),e}finally{i(r+"end",[o,a,l],d,c)}}}function i(r,n,i,o){if(!s||t){var a=s;s=!0;try{e.emit(r,n,i,t,o)}catch(t){u([t,r,n,i],e)}s=a}}}function u(e,t){t||(t=n.ee);try{t.emit("internal-error",e)}catch(e){}}function d(e){return!(e&&"function"==typeof e&&e.apply&&!e[o])}},9300:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.ajax},3333:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{TZ:()=>n,Zp:()=>i,mq:()=>s,nf:()=>a,qN:()=>o});const n=r(860).K7.genericEvents,i=["auxclick","click","copy","keydown","paste","scrollend"],o=["focus","blur"],a=4,s=1e3},6774:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.jserrors},993:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{ET:()=>o,TZ:()=>a,p_:()=>i});var n=r(860);const i={ERROR:"ERROR",WARN:"WARN",INFO:"INFO",DEBUG:"DEBUG",TRACE:"TRACE"},o="log",a=n.K7.logging},3785:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{R:()=>c,b:()=>u});var n=r(9908),i=r(1863),o=r(860),a=r(3969),s=r(993);function c(e,t,r={},c=s.p_.INFO){(0,n.p)(a.xV,["API/logging/".concat(c.toLowerCase(),"/called")],void 0,o.K7.metrics,e),(0,n.p)(s.ET,[(0,i.t)(),t,r,c],void 0,o.K7.logging,e)}function u(e){return"string"==typeof e&&Object.values(s.p_).some((t=>t===e.toUpperCase().trim()))}},3969:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{TZ:()=>n,XG:()=>s,rs:()=>i,xV:()=>a,z_:()=>o});const n=r(860).K7.metrics,i="sm",o="cm",a="storeSupportabilityMetrics",s="storeEventMetrics"},6630:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewEvent},782:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewTiming},6344:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{BB:()=>d,G4:()=>o,Qb:()=>l,TZ:()=>i,Ug:()=>a,_s:()=>s,bc:()=>u,yP:()=>c});var n=r(2614);const i=r(860).K7.sessionReplay,o={RECORD:"recordReplay",PAUSE:"pauseReplay",REPLAY_RUNNING:"replayRunning",ERROR_DURING_REPLAY:"errorDuringReplay"},a=.12,s={DomContentLoaded:0,Load:1,FullSnapshot:2,IncrementalSnapshot:3,Meta:4,Custom:5},c={[n.g.ERROR]:15e3,[n.g.FULL]:3e5,[n.g.OFF]:0},u={RESET:{message:"Session was reset",sm:"Reset"},IMPORT:{message:"Recorder failed to import",sm:"Import"},TOO_MANY:{message:"429: Too Many Requests",sm:"Too-Many"},TOO_BIG:{message:"Payload was too large",sm:"Too-Big"},CROSS_TAB:{message:"Session Entity was set to OFF on another tab",sm:"Cross-Tab"},ENTITLEMENTS:{message:"Session Replay is not allowed and will not be started",sm:"Entitlement"}},d=5e3,l={API:"api"}},5270:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Aw:()=>c,CT:()=>u,SR:()=>s});var n=r(384),i=r(9417),o=r(7767),a=r(6154);function s(e){return!!(0,n.dV)().o.MO&&(0,o.V)(e)&&!0===(0,i.gD)(e,"session_trace.enabled")}function c(e){return!0===(0,i.gD)(e,"session_replay.preload")&&s(e)}function u(e,t){const r=t.correctAbsoluteTimestamp(e);return{originalTimestamp:e,correctedTimestamp:r,timestampDiff:e-r,originTime:a.WN,correctedOriginTime:t.correctedOriginTime,originTimeDiff:Math.floor(a.WN-t.correctedOriginTime)}}},3738:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{He:()=>i,Kp:()=>s,Lc:()=>u,Rz:()=>d,TZ:()=>n,bD:()=>o,d3:()=>a,jx:()=>l,uP:()=>c});const n=r(860).K7.sessionTrace,i="bstResource",o="resource",a="-start",s="-end",c="fn"+a,u="fn"+s,d="pushState",l=1e3},3962:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{AM:()=>o,O2:()=>s,Qu:()=>c,TZ:()=>a,ih:()=>u,tC:()=>i});var n=r(860);const i=["click","keydown","submit"],o="api",a=n.K7.softNav,s={INITIAL_PAGE_LOAD:"",ROUTE_CHANGE:1,UNSPECIFIED:2},c={INTERACTION:1,AJAX:2,CUSTOM_END:3,CUSTOM_TRACER:4},u={IP:"in progress",FIN:"finished",CAN:"cancelled"}},7378:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$p:()=>x,BR:()=>b,Kp:()=>R,L3:()=>y,Lc:()=>c,NC:()=>o,SG:()=>d,TZ:()=>i,U6:()=>p,UT:()=>m,d3:()=>w,dT:()=>f,e5:()=>A,gx:()=>v,l9:()=>l,oW:()=>h,op:()=>g,rw:()=>u,tH:()=>E,uP:()=>s,wW:()=>T,xq:()=>a});var n=r(384);const i=r(860).K7.spa,o=["click","submit","keypress","keydown","keyup","change"],a=999,s="fn-start",c="fn-end",u="cb-start",d="api-ixn-",l="remaining",f="interaction",h="spaNode",p="jsonpNode",g="fetch-start",m="fetch-done",v="fetch-body-",b="jsonp-end",y=(0,n.dV)().o.ST,w="-start",R="-end",x="-body",T="cb"+R,A="jsTime",E="fetch"},4234:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>o});var n=r(7836),i=r(1687);class o{constructor(e,t){this.agentIdentifier=e,this.ee=n.ee.get(e),this.featureName=t,this.blocked=!1}deregisterDrain(){(0,i.x3)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName)}}},7767:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{V:()=>o});var n=r(9417),i=r(6154);const o=e=>i.RI&&!0===(0,n.gD)(e,"privacy.cookies_enabled")},425:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{j:()=>j});var n=r(860),i=r(2555),o=r(3371),a=r(9908),s=r(7836),c=r(1687),u=r(5289),d=r(6154),l=r(944),f=r(3969),h=r(384),p=r(6344);const g=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease","addPageAction","setCurrentRouteName","setPageViewName","setCustomAttribute","interaction","noticeError","setUserId","setApplicationVersion","start",p.G4.RECORD,p.G4.PAUSE,"log","wrapLogger"],m=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease"];var v=r(1863),b=r(2614),y=r(993),w=r(3785),R=r(2646),x=r(3434);function T(e,t,r,n){if("object"!=typeof t||!t||"string"!=typeof r||!r||"function"!=typeof t[r])return(0,l.R)(29);const i=function(e){return(e||s.ee).get("logger")}(e),o=(0,x.YM)(i),a=new R.y(s.P);return a.level=n.level,a.customAttributes=n.customAttributes,o.inPlace(t,[r],"wrap-logger-",a),i}function A(){const e=(0,h.pV)();g.forEach((t=>{e[t]=(...r)=>function(t,...r){let n=[];return Object.values(e.initializedAgents).forEach((e=>{e&&e.api?e.exposed&&e.api[t]&&n.push(e.api[t](...r)):(0,l.R)(38,t)})),n.length>1?n:n[0]}(t,...r)}))}const E={};var S=r(9417),N=r(5603),O=r(5284);const _=e=>{const t=e.startsWith("http");e+="/",r.p=t?e:"https://"+e};let I=!1;function j(e,t={},g,R){let{init:x,info:j,loader_config:P,runtime:C={},exposed:k=!0}=t;C.loaderType=g;const L=(0,h.pV)();j||(x=L.init,j=L.info,P=L.loader_config),(0,S.xN)(e.agentIdentifier,x||{}),(0,N.a)(e.agentIdentifier,P||{}),j.jsAttributes??={},d.bv&&(j.jsAttributes.isWorker=!0),(0,i.x1)(e.agentIdentifier,j);const H=(0,S.D0)(e.agentIdentifier),D=[j.beacon,j.errorBeacon];I||(H.proxy.assets&&(_(H.proxy.assets),D.push(H.proxy.assets)),H.proxy.beacon&&D.push(H.proxy.beacon),A(),(0,h.US)("activatedFeatures",O.B),e.runSoftNavOverSpa&&=!0===H.soft_navigations.enabled&&H.feature_flags.includes("soft_nav")),C.denyList=[...H.ajax.deny_list||[],...H.ajax.block_internal?D:[]],C.ptid=e.agentIdentifier,(0,o.V)(e.agentIdentifier,C),e.ee=s.ee.get(e.agentIdentifier),void 0===e.api&&(e.api=function(e,t,h=!1){t||(0,c.Ak)(e,"api");const g={};var R=s.ee.get(e),x=R.get("tracer");E[e]=b.g.OFF,R.on(p.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(t=>{E[e]=t}));var A="api-",S=A+"ixn-";function N(t,r,n,o){const a=(0,i.Vp)(e);return null===r?delete a.jsAttributes[t]:(0,i.x1)(e,{...a,jsAttributes:{...a.jsAttributes,[t]:r}}),I(A,n,!0,o||null===r?"session":void 0)(t,r)}function O(){}g.log=function(e,{customAttributes:t={},level:r=y.p_.INFO}={}){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/log/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,w.R)(R,e,t,r)},g.wrapLogger=(e,t,{customAttributes:r={},level:i=y.p_.INFO}={})=>{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/wrapLogger/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),T(R,e,t,{customAttributes:r,level:i})},m.forEach((e=>{g[e]=I(A,e,!0,"api")})),g.addPageAction=I(A,"addPageAction",!0,n.K7.genericEvents),g.setPageViewName=function(t,r){if("string"==typeof t)return"/"!==t.charAt(0)&&(t="/"+t),(0,o.f)(e).customTransaction=(r||"http://custom.transaction")+t,I(A,"setPageViewName",!0)()},g.setCustomAttribute=function(e,t,r=!1){if("string"==typeof e){if(["string","number","boolean"].includes(typeof t)||null===t)return N(e,t,"setCustomAttribute",r);(0,l.R)(40,typeof t)}else(0,l.R)(39,typeof e)},g.setUserId=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("enduser.id",e,"setUserId",!0);(0,l.R)(41,typeof e)},g.setApplicationVersion=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("application.version",e,"setApplicationVersion",!1);(0,l.R)(42,typeof e)},g.start=()=>{try{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/start/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),R.emit("manual-start-all")}catch(e){(0,l.R)(23,e)}},g[p.G4.RECORD]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/recordReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,a.p)(p.G4.RECORD,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,R)},g[p.G4.PAUSE]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/pauseReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,a.p)(p.G4.PAUSE,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,R)},g.interaction=function(e){return(new O).get("object"==typeof e?e:{})};const _=O.prototype={createTracer:function(e,t){var r={},i=this,o="function"==typeof t;return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/createTracer/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),h||(0,a.p)(S+"tracer",[(0,v.t)(),e,r],i,n.K7.spa,R),function(){if(x.emit((o?"":"no-")+"fn-start",[(0,v.t)(),i,o],r),o)try{return t.apply(this,arguments)}catch(e){const t="string"==typeof e?new Error(e):e;throw x.emit("fn-err",[arguments,this,t],r),t}finally{x.emit("fn-end",[(0,v.t)()],r)}}}};function I(e,t,r,i){return function(){return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/"+t+"/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),i&&(0,a.p)(e+t,[(0,v.t)(),...arguments],r?null:this,i,R),r?void 0:this}}function j(){r.e(478).then(r.bind(r,8778)).then((({setAPI:t})=>{t(e),(0,c.Ze)(e,"api")})).catch((e=>{(0,l.R)(27,e),R.abort()}))}return["actionText","setName","setAttribute","save","ignore","onEnd","getContext","end","get"].forEach((e=>{_[e]=I(S,e,void 0,h?n.K7.softNav:n.K7.spa)})),g.setCurrentRouteName=h?I(S,"routeName",void 0,n.K7.softNav):I(A,"routeName",!0,n.K7.spa),g.noticeError=function(t,r){"string"==typeof t&&(t=new Error(t)),(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/noticeError/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,a.p)("err",[t,(0,v.t)(),!1,r,!!E[e]],void 0,n.K7.jserrors,R)},d.RI?(0,u.GG)((()=>j()),!0):j(),g}(e.agentIdentifier,R,e.runSoftNavOverSpa)),void 0===e.exposed&&(e.exposed=k),I=!0}},8374:(e,t,r)=>{r.nc=(()=>{try{return document?.currentScript?.nonce}catch(e){}return""})()},860:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$J:()=>o,K7:()=>n,P3:()=>i});const n={ajax:"ajax",genericEvents:"generic_events",jserrors:"jserrors",logging:"logging",metrics:"metrics",pageAction:"page_action",pageViewEvent:"page_view_event",pageViewTiming:"page_view_timing",sessionReplay:"session_replay",sessionTrace:"session_trace",softNav:"soft_navigations",spa:"spa"},i={[n.pageViewEvent]:1,[n.pageViewTiming]:2,[n.metrics]:3,[n.jserrors]:4,[n.spa]:5,[n.ajax]:6,[n.sessionTrace]:7,[n.softNav]:8,[n.sessionReplay]:9,[n.logging]:10,[n.genericEvents]:11},o={[n.pageViewTiming]:"events",[n.ajax]:"events",[n.spa]:"events",[n.softNav]:"events",[n.metrics]:"jserrors",[n.jserrors]:"jserrors",[n.sessionTrace]:"browser/blobs",[n.sessionReplay]:"browser/blobs",[n.logging]:"browser/logs",[n.genericEvents]:"ins"}}},n={};function i(e){var t=n[e];if(void 0!==t)return t.exports;var o=n[e]={exports:{}};return r[e](o,o.exports,i),o.exports}i.m=r,i.d=(e,t)=>{for(var r in t)i.o(t,r)&&!i.o(e,r)&&Object.defineProperty(e,r,{enumerable:!0,get:t[r]})},i.f={},i.e=e=>Promise.all(Object.keys(i.f).reduce(((t,r)=>(i.f[r](e,t),t)),[])),i.u=e=>({212:"nr-spa-compressor",249:"nr-spa-recorder",478:"nr-spa"}[e]+"-1.274.0.min.js"),i.o=(e,t)=>Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,t),e={},t="NRBA-1.274.0.PROD:",i.l=(r,n,o,a)=>{if(e[r])e[r].push(n);else{var s,c;if(void 0!==o)for(var u=document.getElementsByTagName("script"),d=0;d<u.length;d++){var l=u[d];if(l.getAttribute("src")==r||l.getAttribute("data-webpack")==t+o){s=l;break}}if(!s){c=!0;var f={478:"sha512-1vUqEfJPB8Pihje9mv5CfYgkitO1FWcS+UQb84DbXqP8oYctRv4/lzl/MzNLPlRhcY1WVDBGL20I8vm6s2VV7g==",249:"sha512-Y/BeZAh6VSTmUtUNmS5XdyKxL92s30Fyyj8xVW76HSPxcKItL4+x2+kGMZc8pMJnUpZDz1L4eftZQAJh3D8NnA==",212:"sha512-Gn2tQ3qog5Yhrx/gRutkSTYPp+7nkKFt4/mIXg99LxcNpMDAYJZDBYmAACdoHNM86+iq1F3cBcQotFNzjIX8bw=="};(s=document.createElement("script")).charset="utf-8",s.timeout=120,i.nc&&s.setAttribute("nonce",i.nc),s.setAttribute("data-webpack",t+o),s.src=r,0!==s.src.indexOf(window.location.origin+"/")&&(s.crossOrigin="anonymous"),f[a]&&(s.integrity=f[a])}e[r]=[n];var h=(t,n)=>{s.onerror=s.onload=null,clearTimeout(p);var i=e[r];if(delete e[r],s.parentNode&&s.parentNode.removeChild(s),i&&i.forEach((e=>e(n))),t)return t(n)},p=setTimeout(h.bind(null,void 0,{type:"timeout",target:s}),12e4);s.onerror=h.bind(null,s.onerror),s.onload=h.bind(null,s.onload),c&&document.head.appendChild(s)}},i.r=e=>{"undefined"!=typeof Symbol&&Symbol.toStringTag&&Object.defineProperty(e,Symbol.toStringTag,{value:"Module"}),Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0})},i.p="https://js-agent.newrelic.com/",(()=>{var e={38:0,788:0};i.f.j=(t,r)=>{var n=i.o(e,t)?e[t]:void 0;if(0!==n)if(n)r.push(n[2]);else{var o=new Promise(((r,i)=>n=e[t]=[r,i]));r.push(n[2]=o);var a=i.p+i.u(t),s=new Error;i.l(a,(r=>{if(i.o(e,t)&&(0!==(n=e[t])&&(e[t]=void 0),n)){var o=r&&("load"===r.type?"missing":r.type),a=r&&r.target&&r.target.src;s.message="Loading chunk "+t+" failed.\n("+o+": "+a+")",s.name="ChunkLoadError",s.type=o,s.request=a,n[1](s)}}),"chunk-"+t,t)}};var t=(t,r)=>{var n,o,[a,s,c]=r,u=0;if(a.some((t=>0!==e[t]))){for(n in s)i.o(s,n)&&(i.m[n]=s[n]);if(c)c(i)}for(t&&t(r);u<a.length;u++)o=a[u],i.o(e,o)&&e[o]&&e[o][0](),e[o]=0},r=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.274.0.PROD"]=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.274.0.PROD"]||[];r.forEach(t.bind(null,0)),r.push=t.bind(null,r.push.bind(r))})(),(()=>{"use strict";i(8374);var e=i(944),t=i(6344),r=i(9566);class n{agentIdentifier;constructor(e=(0,r.LA)(16)){this.agentIdentifier=e}#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}addPageAction(e,t){return this.#e("addPageAction",e,t)}setPageViewName(e,t){return this.#e("setPageViewName",e,t)}setCustomAttribute(e,t,r){return this.#e("setCustomAttribute",e,t,r)}noticeError(e,t){return this.#e("noticeError",e,t)}setUserId(e){return this.#e("setUserId",e)}setApplicationVersion(e){return this.#e("setApplicationVersion",e)}setErrorHandler(e){return this.#e("setErrorHandler",e)}addRelease(e,t){return this.#e("addRelease",e,t)}log(e,t){return this.#e("log",e,t)}}class o extends n{#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}start(){return this.#e("start")}finished(e){return this.#e("finished",e)}recordReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.RECORD)}pauseReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.PAUSE)}addToTrace(e){return this.#e("addToTrace",e)}setCurrentRouteName(e){return this.#e("setCurrentRouteName",e)}interaction(){return this.#e("interaction")}wrapLogger(e,t,r){return this.#e("wrapLogger",e,t,r)}}var a=i(860),s=i(9417);const c=Object.values(a.K7);function u(e){const t={};return c.forEach((r=>{t[r]=function(e,t){return!0===(0,s.gD)(t,"".concat(e,".enabled"))}(r,e)})),t}var d=i(425);var l=i(1687),f=i(4234),h=i(5289),p=i(6154),g=i(5270),m=i(7767),v=i(6389);class b extends f.W{constructor(e,t,r=!0){super(e.agentIdentifier,t),this.auto=r,this.abortHandler=void 0,this.featAggregate=void 0,this.onAggregateImported=void 0,!1===e.init[this.featureName].autoStart&&(this.auto=!1),this.auto?(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,t):this.ee.on("manual-start-all",(0,v.J)((()=>{(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),this.auto=!0,this.importAggregator(e)})))}importAggregator(t,r={}){if(this.featAggregate||!this.auto)return;let n;this.onAggregateImported=new Promise((e=>{n=e}));const o=async()=>{let o;try{if((0,m.V)(this.agentIdentifier)){const{setupAgentSession:e}=await i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,6526));o=e(t)}}catch(t){(0,e.R)(20,t),this.ee.emit("internal-error",[t]),this.featureName===a.K7.sessionReplay&&this.abortHandler?.()}try{if(t.sharedAggregator)await t.sharedAggregator;else{t.sharedAggregator=i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,9337));const{EventAggregator:e}=await t.sharedAggregator;t.sharedAggregator=new e}if(!this.#t(this.featureName,o))return(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),void n(!1);const{lazyFeatureLoader:e}=await i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,6103)),{Aggregate:a}=await e(this.featureName,"aggregate");this.featAggregate=new a(t,r),n(!0)}catch(t){(0,e.R)(34,t),this.abortHandler?.(),(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName,!0),n(!1),this.ee&&this.ee.abort()}};p.RI?(0,h.GG)((()=>o()),!0):o()}#t(e,t){switch(e){case a.K7.sessionReplay:return(0,g.SR)(this.agentIdentifier)&&!!t;case a.K7.sessionTrace:return!!t;default:return!0}}}var y=i(6630);class w extends b{static featureName=y.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,y.T,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}var R=i(384);var x=i(9908),T=i(2843),A=i(3878),E=i(782),S=i(1863);class N extends b{static featureName=E.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,E.T,t),p.RI&&((0,T.u)((()=>(0,x.p)("docHidden",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,E.T,this.ee)),!0),(0,A.sp)("pagehide",(()=>(0,x.p)("winPagehide",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,E.T,this.ee))),this.importAggregator(e))}}var O=i(3969);class _ extends b{static featureName=O.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,O.TZ,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}var I=i(6774),j=i(3304);class P{constructor(e,t,r,n,i){this.name="UncaughtError",this.message="string"==typeof e?e:(0,j.A)(e),this.sourceURL=t,this.line=r,this.column=n,this.__newrelic=i}}function C(e){return H(e)?e:new P(void 0!==e?.message?e.message:e,e?.filename||e?.sourceURL,e?.lineno||e?.line,e?.colno||e?.col,e?.__newrelic)}function k(e){const t="Unhandled Promise Rejection";if(!e?.reason)return;if(H(e.reason))try{return e.reason.message=t+": "+e.reason.message,C(e.reason)}catch(t){return C(e.reason)}const r=C(e.reason);return r.message=t+": "+r?.message,r}function L(e){if(e.error instanceof SyntaxError&&!/:\d+$/.test(e.error.stack?.trim())){const t=new P(e.message,e.filename,e.lineno,e.colno,e.error.__newrelic);return t.name=SyntaxError.name,t}return H(e.error)?e.error:C(e)}function H(e){return e instanceof Error&&!!e.stack}class D extends b{static featureName=I.T;#r=!1;constructor(e,r=!0){super(e,I.T,r);try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}this.ee.on("internal-error",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,x.p)("ierr",[C(e),(0,S.t)(),!0,{},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)})),this.ee.on(t.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(e=>{this.#r=e})),p.gm.addEventListener("unhandledrejection",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,x.p)("err",[k(e),(0,S.t)(),!1,{unhandledPromiseRejection:1},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}),(0,A.jT)(!1,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),p.gm.addEventListener("error",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,x.p)("err",[L(e),(0,S.t)(),!1,{},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}),(0,A.jT)(!1,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),this.abortHandler=this.#n,this.importAggregator(e)}#n(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}}var M=i(8990);let K=1;const U="nr@id";function V(e){const t=typeof e;return!e||"object"!==t&&"function"!==t?-1:e===p.gm?0:(0,M.I)(e,U,(function(){return K++}))}function G(e){if("string"==typeof e&&e.length)return e.length;if("object"==typeof e){if("undefined"!=typeof ArrayBuffer&&e instanceof ArrayBuffer&&e.byteLength)return e.byteLength;if("undefined"!=typeof Blob&&e instanceof Blob&&e.size)return e.size;if(!("undefined"!=typeof FormData&&e instanceof FormData))try{return(0,j.A)(e).length}catch(e){return}}}var F=i(8139),B=i(7836),W=i(3434);const z={},q=["open","send"];function Z(t){var r=t||B.ee;const n=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("xhr")}(r);if(z[n.debugId]++)return n;z[n.debugId]=1,(0,F.u)(r);var i=(0,W.YM)(n),o=p.gm.XMLHttpRequest,a=p.gm.MutationObserver,s=p.gm.Promise,c=p.gm.setInterval,u="readystatechange",d=["onload","onerror","onabort","onloadstart","onloadend","onprogress","ontimeout"],l=[],f=p.gm.XMLHttpRequest=function(t){const r=new o(t),a=n.context(r);try{n.emit("new-xhr",[r],a),r.addEventListener(u,(s=a,function(){var e=this;e.readyState>3&&!s.resolved&&(s.resolved=!0,n.emit("xhr-resolved",[],e)),i.inPlace(e,d,"fn-",y)}),(0,A.jT)(!1))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(15,t);try{n.emit("internal-error",[t])}catch(e){}}var s;return r};function h(e,t){i.inPlace(t,["onreadystatechange"],"fn-",y)}if(function(e,t){for(var r in e)t[r]=e[r]}(o,f),f.prototype=o.prototype,i.inPlace(f.prototype,q,"-xhr-",y),n.on("send-xhr-start",(function(e,t){h(e,t),function(e){l.push(e),a&&(g?g.then(b):c?c(b):(m=-m,v.data=m))}(t)})),n.on("open-xhr-start",h),a){var g=s&&s.resolve();if(!c&&!s){var m=1,v=document.createTextNode(m);new a(b).observe(v,{characterData:!0})}}else r.on("fn-end",(function(e){e[0]&&e[0].type===u||b()}));function b(){for(var e=0;e<l.length;e++)h(0,l[e]);l.length&&(l=[])}function y(e,t){return t}return n}var Y="fetch-",X=Y+"body-",J=["arrayBuffer","blob","json","text","formData"],Q=p.gm.Request,ee=p.gm.Response,te="prototype";const re={};function ne(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("fetch")}(e);if(!(Q&&ee&&p.gm.fetch))return t;if(re[t.debugId]++)return t;function r(e,r,n){var i=e[r];"function"==typeof i&&(e[r]=function(){var e,r=[...arguments],o={};t.emit(n+"before-start",[r],o),o[B.P]&&o[B.P].dt&&(e=o[B.P].dt);var a=i.apply(this,r);return t.emit(n+"start",[r,e],a),a.then((function(e){return t.emit(n+"end",[null,e],a),e}),(function(e){throw t.emit(n+"end",[e],a),e}))})}return re[t.debugId]=1,J.forEach((e=>{r(Q[te],e,X),r(ee[te],e,X)})),r(p.gm,"fetch",Y),t.on(Y+"end",(function(e,r){var n=this;if(r){var i=r.headers.get("content-length");null!==i&&(n.rxSize=i),t.emit(Y+"done",[null,r],n)}else t.emit(Y+"done",[e],n)})),t}var ie=i(7485),oe=i(5603);class ae{constructor(e){this.agentIdentifier=e}generateTracePayload(e){if(!this.shouldGenerateTrace(e))return null;var t=(0,oe.o)(this.agentIdentifier);if(!t)return null;var n=(t.accountID||"").toString()||null,i=(t.agentID||"").toString()||null,o=(t.trustKey||"").toString()||null;if(!n||!i)return null;var a=(0,r.ZF)(),s=(0,r.el)(),c=Date.now(),u={spanId:a,traceId:s,timestamp:c};return(e.sameOrigin||this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useTraceContextHeadersForCors())&&(u.traceContextParentHeader=this.generateTraceContextParentHeader(a,s),u.traceContextStateHeader=this.generateTraceContextStateHeader(a,c,n,i,o)),(e.sameOrigin&&!this.excludeNewrelicHeader()||!e.sameOrigin&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useNewrelicHeaderForCors())&&(u.newrelicHeader=this.generateTraceHeader(a,s,c,n,i,o)),u}generateTraceContextParentHeader(e,t){return"00-"+t+"-"+e+"-01"}generateTraceContextStateHeader(e,t,r,n,i){return i+"@nr=0-1-"+r+"-"+n+"-"+e+"----"+t}generateTraceHeader(e,t,r,n,i,o){if(!("function"==typeof p.gm?.btoa))return null;var a={v:[0,1],d:{ty:"Browser",ac:n,ap:i,id:e,tr:t,ti:r}};return o&&n!==o&&(a.d.tk=o),btoa((0,j.A)(a))}shouldGenerateTrace(e){return this.isDtEnabled()&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)}isAllowedOrigin(e){var t=!1,r={};if((0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing")&&(r=(0,s.D0)(this.agentIdentifier).distributed_tracing),e.sameOrigin)t=!0;else if(r.allowed_origins instanceof Array)for(var n=0;n<r.allowed_origins.length;n++){var i=(0,ie.D)(r.allowed_origins[n]);if(e.hostname===i.hostname&&e.protocol===i.protocol&&e.port===i.port){t=!0;break}}return t}isDtEnabled(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.enabled}excludeNewrelicHeader(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.exclude_newrelic_header}useNewrelicHeaderForCors(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!1!==e.cors_use_newrelic_header}useTraceContextHeadersForCors(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.cors_use_tracecontext_headers}}var se=i(9300),ce=i(7295),ue=["load","error","abort","timeout"],de=ue.length,le=(0,R.dV)().o.REQ,fe=(0,R.dV)().o.XHR;class he extends b{static featureName=se.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,se.T,t),this.dt=new ae(e.agentIdentifier),this.handler=(e,t,r,n)=>(0,x.p)(e,t,r,n,this.ee);try{const e={xmlhttprequest:"xhr",fetch:"fetch",beacon:"beacon"};p.gm?.performance?.getEntriesByType("resource").forEach((t=>{if(t.initiatorType in e&&0!==t.responseStatus){const r={status:t.responseStatus},n={rxSize:t.transferSize,duration:Math.floor(t.duration),cbTime:0};pe(r,t.name),this.handler("xhr",[r,n,t.startTime,t.responseEnd,e[t.initiatorType]],void 0,a.K7.ajax)}}))}catch(e){}ne(this.ee),Z(this.ee),function(e,t,r,n){function i(e){var t=this;t.totalCbs=0,t.called=0,t.cbTime=0,t.end=R,t.ended=!1,t.xhrGuids={},t.lastSize=null,t.loadCaptureCalled=!1,t.params=this.params||{},t.metrics=this.metrics||{},e.addEventListener("load",(function(r){T(t,e)}),(0,A.jT)(!1)),p.lR||e.addEventListener("progress",(function(e){t.lastSize=e.loaded}),(0,A.jT)(!1))}function o(e){this.params={method:e[0]},pe(this,e[1]),this.metrics={}}function s(t,r){e.loader_config.xpid&&this.sameOrigin&&r.setRequestHeader("X-NewRelic-ID",e.loader_config.xpid);var i=n.generateTracePayload(this.parsedOrigin);if(i){var o=!1;i.newrelicHeader&&(r.setRequestHeader("newrelic",i.newrelicHeader),o=!0),i.traceContextParentHeader&&(r.setRequestHeader("traceparent",i.traceContextParentHeader),i.traceContextStateHeader&&r.setRequestHeader("tracestate",i.traceContextStateHeader),o=!0),o&&(this.dt=i)}}function c(e,r){var n=this.metrics,i=e[0],o=this;if(n&&i){var a=G(i);a&&(n.txSize=a)}this.startTime=(0,S.t)(),this.body=i,this.listener=function(e){try{"abort"!==e.type||o.loadCaptureCalled||(o.params.aborted=!0),("load"!==e.type||o.called===o.totalCbs&&(o.onloadCalled||"function"!=typeof r.onload)&&"function"==typeof o.end)&&o.end(r)}catch(e){try{t.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}}};for(var s=0;s<de;s++)r.addEventListener(ue[s],this.listener,(0,A.jT)(!1))}function u(e,t,r){this.cbTime+=e,t?this.onloadCalled=!0:this.called+=1,this.called!==this.totalCbs||!this.onloadCalled&&"function"==typeof r.onload||"function"!=typeof this.end||this.end(r)}function d(e,t){var r=""+V(e)+!!t;this.xhrGuids&&!this.xhrGuids[r]&&(this.xhrGuids[r]=!0,this.totalCbs+=1)}function l(e,t){var r=""+V(e)+!!t;this.xhrGuids&&this.xhrGuids[r]&&(delete this.xhrGuids[r],this.totalCbs-=1)}function f(){this.endTime=(0,S.t)()}function h(e,r){r instanceof fe&&"load"===e[0]&&t.emit("xhr-load-added",[e[1],e[2]],r)}function g(e,r){r instanceof fe&&"load"===e[0]&&t.emit("xhr-load-removed",[e[1],e[2]],r)}function m(e,t,r){t instanceof fe&&("onload"===r&&(this.onload=!0),("load"===(e[0]&&e[0].type)||this.onload)&&(this.xhrCbStart=(0,S.t)()))}function v(e,r){this.xhrCbStart&&t.emit("xhr-cb-time",[(0,S.t)()-this.xhrCbStart,this.onload,r],r)}function b(e){var t,r=e[1]||{};if("string"==typeof e[0]?0===(t=e[0]).length&&p.RI&&(t=""+p.gm.location.href):e[0]&&e[0].url?t=e[0].url:p.gm?.URL&&e[0]&&e[0]instanceof URL?t=e[0].href:"function"==typeof e[0].toString&&(t=e[0].toString()),"string"==typeof t&&0!==t.length){t&&(this.parsedOrigin=(0,ie.D)(t),this.sameOrigin=this.parsedOrigin.sameOrigin);var i=n.generateTracePayload(this.parsedOrigin);if(i&&(i.newrelicHeader||i.traceContextParentHeader))if(e[0]&&e[0].headers)s(e[0].headers,i)&&(this.dt=i);else{var o={};for(var a in r)o[a]=r[a];o.headers=new Headers(r.headers||{}),s(o.headers,i)&&(this.dt=i),e.length>1?e[1]=o:e.push(o)}}function s(e,t){var r=!1;return t.newrelicHeader&&(e.set("newrelic",t.newrelicHeader),r=!0),t.traceContextParentHeader&&(e.set("traceparent",t.traceContextParentHeader),t.traceContextStateHeader&&e.set("tracestate",t.traceContextStateHeader),r=!0),r}}function y(e,t){this.params={},this.metrics={},this.startTime=(0,S.t)(),this.dt=t,e.length>=1&&(this.target=e[0]),e.length>=2&&(this.opts=e[1]);var r,n=this.opts||{},i=this.target;"string"==typeof i?r=i:"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof le?r=i.url:p.gm?.URL&&"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof URL&&(r=i.href),pe(this,r);var o=(""+(i&&i instanceof le&&i.method||n.method||"GET")).toUpperCase();this.params.method=o,this.body=n.body,this.txSize=G(n.body)||0}function w(e,t){if(this.endTime=(0,S.t)(),this.params||(this.params={}),(0,ce.iW)(this.params))return;let n;this.params.status=t?t.status:0,"string"==typeof this.rxSize&&this.rxSize.length>0&&(n=+this.rxSize);const i={txSize:this.txSize,rxSize:n,duration:(0,S.t)()-this.startTime};r("xhr",[this.params,i,this.startTime,this.endTime,"fetch"],this,a.K7.ajax)}function R(e){const t=this.params,n=this.metrics;if(!this.ended){this.ended=!0;for(let t=0;t<de;t++)e.removeEventListener(ue[t],this.listener,!1);t.aborted||(0,ce.iW)(t)||(n.duration=(0,S.t)()-this.startTime,this.loadCazptureCalled||4!==e.readyState?null==t.status&&(t.status=0):T(this,e),n.cbTime=this.cbTime,r("xhr",[t,n,this.startTime,this.endTime,"xhr"],this,a.K7.ajax))}}function T(e,r){e.params.status=r.status;var n=function(e,t){var r=e.responseType;return"json"===r&&null!==t?t:"arraybuffer"===r||"blob"===r||"json"===r?G(e.response):"text"===r||""===r||void 0===r?G(e.responseText):void 0}(r,e.lastSize);if(n&&(e.metrics.rxSize=n),e.sameOrigin){var i=r.getResponseHeader("X-NewRelic-App-Data");i&&((0,x.p)(O.rs,["Ajax/CrossApplicationTracing/Header/Seen"],void 0,a.K7.metrics,t),e.params.cat=i.split(", ").pop())}e.loadCaptureCalled=!0}t.on("new-xhr",i),t.on("open-xhr-start",o),t.on("open-xhr-end",s),t.on("send-xhr-start",c),t.on("xhr-cb-time",u),t.on("xhr-load-added",d),t.on("xhr-load-removed",l),t.on("xhr-resolved",f),t.on("addEventListener-end",h),t.on("removeEventListener-end",g),t.on("fn-end",v),t.on("fetch-before-start",b),t.on("fetch-start",y),t.on("fn-start",m),t.on("fetch-done",w)}(e,this.ee,this.handler,this.dt),this.importAggregator(e)}}function pe(e,t){var r=(0,ie.D)(t),n=e.params||e;n.hostname=r.hostname,n.port=r.port,n.protocol=r.protocol,n.host=r.hostname+":"+r.port,n.pathname=r.pathname,e.parsedOrigin=r,e.sameOrigin=r.sameOrigin}const ge={},me=["pushState","replaceState"];function ve(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("history")}(e);return!p.RI||ge[t.debugId]++||(ge[t.debugId]=1,(0,W.YM)(t).inPlace(window.history,me,"-")),t}var be=i(3738);const{He:ye,bD:we,d3:Re,Kp:xe,TZ:Te,Lc:Ae,uP:Ee,Rz:Se}=be;class Ne extends b{static featureName=Te;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,Te,t);if(!(0,m.V)(this.agentIdentifier))return void this.deregisterDrain();const r=this.ee;let n;ve(r),this.eventsEE=(0,F.u)(r),this.eventsEE.on(Ee,(function(e,t){this.bstStart=(0,S.t)()})),this.eventsEE.on(Ae,(function(e,t){(0,x.p)("bst",[e[0],t,this.bstStart,(0,S.t)()],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)})),r.on(Se+Re,(function(e){this.time=(0,S.t)(),this.startPath=location.pathname+location.hash})),r.on(Se+xe,(function(e){(0,x.p)("bstHist",[location.pathname+location.hash,this.startPath,this.time],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)}));try{n=new PerformanceObserver((e=>{const t=e.getEntries();(0,x.p)(ye,[t],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)})),n.observe({type:we,buffered:!0})}catch(e){}this.importAggregator(e,{resourceObserver:n})}}var Oe=i(2614);class _e extends b{static featureName=t.TZ;#i;#o;constructor(e,r=!0){let n;super(e,t.TZ,r),this.replayRunning=!1,this.#o=e;try{n=JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem("".concat(Oe.H3,"_").concat(Oe.uh)))}catch(e){}(0,g.SR)(e.agentIdentifier)&&this.ee.on(t.G4.RECORD,(()=>this.#a())),this.#s(n)?(this.#i=n?.sessionReplayMode,this.#c()):this.importAggregator(e),this.ee.on("err",(e=>{this.replayRunning&&(this.errorNoticed=!0,(0,x.p)(t.G4.ERROR_DURING_REPLAY,[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee))})),this.ee.on(t.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(e=>{this.replayRunning=e}))}#s(e){return e&&(e.sessionReplayMode===Oe.g.FULL||e.sessionReplayMode===Oe.g.ERROR)||(0,g.Aw)(this.agentIdentifier)}#u=!1;async#c(e){if(!this.#u){this.#u=!0;try{const{Recorder:t}=await Promise.all([i.e(478),i.e(249)]).then(i.bind(i,8589));this.recorder??=new t({mode:this.#i,agentIdentifier:this.agentIdentifier,trigger:e,ee:this.ee}),this.recorder.startRecording(),this.abortHandler=this.recorder.stopRecording}catch(e){}this.importAggregator(this.#o,{recorder:this.recorder,errorNoticed:this.errorNoticed})}}#a(){this.featAggregate?this.featAggregate.mode!==Oe.g.FULL&&this.featAggregate.initializeRecording(Oe.g.FULL,!0):(this.#i=Oe.g.FULL,this.#c(t.Qb.API),this.recorder&&this.recorder.parent.mode!==Oe.g.FULL&&(this.recorder.parent.mode=Oe.g.FULL,this.recorder.stopRecording(),this.recorder.startRecording(),this.abortHandler=this.recorder.stopRecording))}}var Ie=i(3962);class je extends b{static featureName=Ie.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){if(super(e,Ie.TZ,t),!p.RI||!(0,R.dV)().o.MO)return;const r=ve(this.ee);Ie.tC.forEach((e=>{(0,A.sp)(e,(e=>{a(e)}),!0)}));const n=()=>(0,x.p)("newURL",[(0,S.t)(),""+window.location],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee);r.on("pushState-end",n),r.on("replaceState-end",n);try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}(0,A.sp)("popstate",(e=>(0,x.p)("newURL",[e.timeStamp,""+window.location],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)),!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal);let i=!1;const o=new((0,R.dV)().o.MO)(((e,t)=>{i||(i=!0,requestAnimationFrame((()=>{(0,x.p)("newDom",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee),i=!1})))})),a=(0,v.s)((e=>{(0,x.p)("newUIEvent",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee),o.observe(document.body,{attributes:!0,childList:!0,subtree:!0,characterData:!0})}),100,{leading:!0});this.abortHandler=function(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),o.disconnect(),this.abortHandler=void 0},this.importAggregator(e,{domObserver:o})}}var Pe=i(7378);const Ce={},ke=["appendChild","insertBefore","replaceChild"];function Le(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("jsonp")}(e);if(!p.RI||Ce[t.debugId])return t;Ce[t.debugId]=!0;var r=(0,W.YM)(t),n=/[?&](?:callback|cb)=([^&#]+)/,i=/(.*)\.([^.]+)/,o=/^(\w+)(\.|$)(.*)$/;function a(e,t){if(!e)return t;const r=e.match(o),n=r[1];return a(r[3],t[n])}return r.inPlace(Node.prototype,ke,"dom-"),t.on("dom-start",(function(e){!function(e){if(!e||"string"!=typeof e.nodeName||"script"!==e.nodeName.toLowerCase())return;if("function"!=typeof e.addEventListener)return;var o=(s=e.src,c=s.match(n),c?c[1]:null);var s,c;if(!o)return;var u=function(e){var t=e.match(i);if(t&&t.length>=3)return{key:t[2],parent:a(t[1],window)};return{key:e,parent:window}}(o);if("function"!=typeof u.parent[u.key])return;var d={};function l(){t.emit("jsonp-end",[],d),e.removeEventListener("load",l,(0,A.jT)(!1)),e.removeEventListener("error",f,(0,A.jT)(!1))}function f(){t.emit("jsonp-error",[],d),t.emit("jsonp-end",[],d),e.removeEventListener("load",l,(0,A.jT)(!1)),e.removeEventListener("error",f,(0,A.jT)(!1))}r.inPlace(u.parent,[u.key],"cb-",d),e.addEventListener("load",l,(0,A.jT)(!1)),e.addEventListener("error",f,(0,A.jT)(!1)),t.emit("new-jsonp",[e.src],d)}(e[0])})),t}const He={};function De(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("promise")}(e);if(He[t.debugId])return t;He[t.debugId]=!0;var r=t.context,n=(0,W.YM)(t),i=p.gm.Promise;return i&&function(){function e(r){var o=t.context(),a=n(r,"executor-",o,null,!1);const s=Reflect.construct(i,[a],e);return t.context(s).getCtx=function(){return o},s}p.gm.Promise=e,Object.defineProperty(e,"name",{value:"Promise"}),e.toString=function(){return i.toString()},Object.setPrototypeOf(e,i),["all","race"].forEach((function(r){const n=i[r];e[r]=function(e){let i=!1;[...e||[]].forEach((e=>{this.resolve(e).then(a("all"===r),a(!1))}));const o=n.apply(this,arguments);return o;function a(e){return function(){t.emit("propagate",[null,!i],o,!1,!1),i=i||!e}}}})),["resolve","reject"].forEach((function(r){const n=i[r];e[r]=function(e){const r=n.apply(this,arguments);return e!==r&&t.emit("propagate",[e,!0],r,!1,!1),r}})),e.prototype=i.prototype;const o=i.prototype.then;i.prototype.then=function(...e){var i=this,a=r(i);a.promise=i,e[0]=n(e[0],"cb-",a,null,!1),e[1]=n(e[1],"cb-",a,null,!1);const s=o.apply(this,e);return a.nextPromise=s,t.emit("propagate",[i,!0],s,!1,!1),s},i.prototype.then[W.Jt]=o,t.on("executor-start",(function(e){e[0]=n(e[0],"resolve-",this,null,!1),e[1]=n(e[1],"resolve-",this,null,!1)})),t.on("executor-err",(function(e,t,r){e[1](r)})),t.on("cb-end",(function(e,r,n){t.emit("propagate",[n,!0],this.nextPromise,!1,!1)})),t.on("propagate",(function(e,r,n){this.getCtx&&!r||(this.getCtx=function(){if(e instanceof Promise)var r=t.context(e);return r&&r.getCtx?r.getCtx():this})}))}(),t}const Me={},Ke="setTimeout",Ue="setInterval",Ve="clearTimeout",Ge="-start",Fe=[Ke,"setImmediate",Ue,Ve,"clearImmediate"];function Be(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("timer")}(e);if(Me[t.debugId]++)return t;Me[t.debugId]=1;var r=(0,W.YM)(t);return r.inPlace(p.gm,Fe.slice(0,2),Ke+"-"),r.inPlace(p.gm,Fe.slice(2,3),Ue+"-"),r.inPlace(p.gm,Fe.slice(3),Ve+"-"),t.on(Ue+Ge,(function(e,t,n){e[0]=r(e[0],"fn-",null,n)})),t.on(Ke+Ge,(function(e,t,n){this.method=n,this.timerDuration=isNaN(e[1])?0:+e[1],e[0]=r(e[0],"fn-",this,n)})),t}const We={};function ze(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("mutation")}(e);if(!p.RI||We[t.debugId])return t;We[t.debugId]=!0;var r=(0,W.YM)(t),n=p.gm.MutationObserver;return n&&(window.MutationObserver=function(e){return this instanceof n?new n(r(e,"fn-")):n.apply(this,arguments)},MutationObserver.prototype=n.prototype),t}const{TZ:qe,d3:Ze,Kp:Ye,$p:Xe,wW:Je,e5:Qe,tH:$e,uP:et,rw:tt,Lc:rt}=Pe;class nt extends b{static featureName=qe;constructor(e,t=!0){if(super(e,qe,t),!p.RI)return;try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}let r,n=0;const i=this.ee.get("tracer"),o=Le(this.ee),a=De(this.ee),s=Be(this.ee),c=Z(this.ee),u=this.ee.get("events"),d=ne(this.ee),l=ve(this.ee),f=ze(this.ee);function h(e,t){l.emit("newURL",[""+window.location,t])}function g(){n++,r=window.location.hash,this[et]=(0,S.t)()}function m(){n--,window.location.hash!==r&&h(0,!0);var e=(0,S.t)();this[Qe]=~~this[Qe]+e-this[et],this[rt]=e}function v(e,t){e.on(t,(function(){this[t]=(0,S.t)()}))}this.ee.on(et,g),a.on(tt,g),o.on(tt,g),this.ee.on(rt,m),a.on(Je,m),o.on(Je,m),this.ee.on("fn-err",((...t)=>{t[2]?.__newrelic?.[e.agentIdentifier]||(0,x.p)("function-err",[...t],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)})),this.ee.buffer([et,rt,"xhr-resolved"],this.featureName),u.buffer([et],this.featureName),s.buffer(["setTimeout"+Ye,"clearTimeout"+Ze,et],this.featureName),c.buffer([et,"new-xhr","send-xhr"+Ze],this.featureName),d.buffer([$e+Ze,$e+"-done",$e+Xe+Ze,$e+Xe+Ye],this.featureName),l.buffer(["newURL"],this.featureName),f.buffer([et],this.featureName),a.buffer(["propagate",tt,Je,"executor-err","resolve"+Ze],this.featureName),i.buffer([et,"no-"+et],this.featureName),o.buffer(["new-jsonp","cb-start","jsonp-error","jsonp-end"],this.featureName),v(d,$e+Ze),v(d,$e+"-done"),v(o,"new-jsonp"),v(o,"jsonp-end"),v(o,"cb-start"),l.on("pushState-end",h),l.on("replaceState-end",h),window.addEventListener("hashchange",h,(0,A.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),window.addEventListener("load",h,(0,A.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),window.addEventListener("popstate",(function(){h(0,n>1)}),(0,A.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),this.abortHandler=this.#n,this.importAggregator(e)}#n(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}}var it=i(3333);class ot extends b{static featureName=it.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,it.TZ,t);const r=[e.init.page_action.enabled,e.init.performance.capture_marks,e.init.performance.capture_measures,e.init.user_actions.enabled];p.RI&&e.init.user_actions.enabled&&(it.Zp.forEach((e=>(0,A.sp)(e,(e=>(0,x.p)("ua",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)),!0))),it.qN.forEach((e=>(0,A.sp)(e,(e=>(0,x.p)("ua",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)))))),r.some((e=>e))?this.importAggregator(e):this.deregisterDrain()}}var at=i(993),st=i(3785);class ct extends b{static featureName=at.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,at.TZ,t);const r=this.ee;this.ee.on("wrap-logger-end",(function([e]){const{level:t,customAttributes:n}=this;(0,st.R)(r,e,n,t)})),this.importAggregator(e)}}new class extends o{constructor(t,r){super(r),p.gm?(this.features={},(0,R.bQ)(this.agentIdentifier,this),this.desiredFeatures=new Set(t.features||[]),this.desiredFeatures.add(w),this.runSoftNavOverSpa=[...this.desiredFeatures].some((e=>e.featureName===a.K7.softNav)),(0,d.j)(this,t,t.loaderType||"agent"),this.run()):(0,e.R)(21)}get config(){return{info:this.info,init:this.init,loader_config:this.loader_config,runtime:this.runtime}}run(){try{const t=u(this.agentIdentifier),r=[...this.desiredFeatures];r.sort(((e,t)=>a.P3[e.featureName]-a.P3[t.featureName])),r.forEach((r=>{if(!t[r.featureName]&&r.featureName!==a.K7.pageViewEvent)return;if(this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.spa)return;if(!this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.softNav)return;const n=function(e){switch(e){case a.K7.ajax:return[a.K7.jserrors];case a.K7.sessionTrace:return[a.K7.ajax,a.K7.pageViewEvent];case a.K7.sessionReplay:return[a.K7.sessionTrace];case a.K7.pageViewTiming:return[a.K7.pageViewEvent];default:return[]}}(r.featureName).filter((e=>!(e in this.features)));n.length>0&&(0,e.R)(36,{targetFeature:r.featureName,missingDependencies:n}),this.features[r.featureName]=new r(this)}))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(22,t);for(const e in this.features)this.features[e].abortHandler?.();const r=(0,R.Zm)();delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.api,delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.features,delete this.sharedAggregator;return r.ee.get(this.agentIdentifier).abort(),!1}}}({features:[he,w,N,Ne,_e,_,D,ot,ct,je,nt],loaderType:"spa"})})()})();</script> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta http-equiv="Cache-control" content="public"> <link rel="icon" href="https://www.topperlearning.com/assets/v1/images/favicon.ico"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-8-saq"> <title>ICSE Class 8 Short Answer Questions Online - TopperLearning</title> <meta name="keywords" content="ICSE Class 8 Subjective Questions, ICSE Class 8 Short Answer Questions"> <meta name="description" content="Discover ICSE Class 8 short answer questions tests at TopperLearning. Sign up today for full access and boost your academic performance with tailored practice."> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="342401299158646"> <!-- Open Graph data --> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <meta property="og:title" content="ICSE Class 8 Short Answer Questions Online - TopperLearning"> <meta property="og:description" content="Discover ICSE Class 8 short answer questions tests at TopperLearning. Sign up today for full access and boost your academic performance with tailored practice."> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-8-saq"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://images.topperlearning.com/topper/default_share_image.jpg"> <meta property="og:site_name" content="TopperLearning"> <meta name="p:domain_verify" content="67113424731c6df9a279f3d83192a005"> <!-- Twitter Card data --> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@topperlearning"> <meta name="twitter:title" content="ICSE Class 8 Short Answer Questions Online - TopperLearning"> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Discover ICSE Class 8 short answer questions tests at TopperLearning. Sign up today for full access and boost your academic performance with tailored practice."> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://images.topperlearning.com/mimg/topper/default_share_image.jpg"> <!-- Schema.org markup for Google+ --> <meta itemprop="name" content="ICSE Class 8 Short Answer Questions Online - TopperLearning"> <meta itemprop="description" content="Discover ICSE Class 8 short answer questions tests at TopperLearning. Sign up today for full access and boost your academic performance with tailored practice."> <meta itemprop="image" content="https://images.topperlearning.com/mimg/topper/default_share_image.jpg"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://www.googletagmanager.com"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://www.google-analytics.com"> <style> html { height: 100% } html, body, div, span, applet, object, iframe, h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p, blockquote, pre, a, abbr, acronym, address, big, cite, code, del, dfn, em, img, ins, kbd, q, s, samp, small, strike, strong, sub, sup, tt, var, b, u, i, center, dl, dt, dd, ol, ul, li, fieldset, form, label, legend, table, caption, tbody, tfoot, thead, tr, th, td, article, aside, canvas, details, embed, figure, figcaption, footer, header, hgroup, menu, nav, output, ruby, section, summary, time, mark, audio, video { margin: 0; padding: 0; border: 0; font-size: 100% } article, aside, details, figcaption, figure, footer, header, hgroup, menu, nav, section { display: block } body { line-height: 1; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; word-break: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space; position: relative; color: #3e3e3e } ol, ul { list-style: none } blockquote, q { quotes: none } blockquote:before, blockquote:after, q:before, q:after { content: ''; content: none } table { border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0 } a { text-decoration: none } a:focus, input:focus, textarea:focus, button:focus, select:focus { outline: 0 } html { scroll-behavior: smooth; -webkit-box-sizing: border-box; -moz-box-sizing: border-box; box-sizing: border-box } *, *:before, *:after { -webkit-box-sizing: inherit; -moz-box-sizing: inherit; box-sizing: inherit } button { border: 0; background: 0 } button svg { pointer-events: none } a { color: #0f588a } input[type=number]::-webkit-inner-spin-button { -webkit-appearance: none; background: 0 } input:-webkit-autofill, input:-webkit-autofill:hover, input:-webkit-autofill:focus, input:-webkit-autofill:active { -webkit-box-shadow: 0 0 0 30px #d8d8d8 inset !important } .max-container { max-width: 1150px; margin: 0 auto } .txtcenter { text-align: center } .marginauto { margin: 0 auto } button { cursor: pointer } .modal-title-main { font: normal normal bold 18px/28px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; color: #006fb9; position: relative } .modal-title-main::after { position: absolute; content: ''; width: 25px; border-bottom: 1px solid #f16911; bottom: -5px; left: 0; right: 0; margin: 0 auto } .clear { clear: both } .title { font: normal normal 600 16px/22px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; color: #3e3e3e; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 15px } .page-title { font: bold 24px/32px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0; color: #005c99; text-transform: capitalize; position: relative; margin-bottom: 30px; text-align: left; max-width: 100% } .page-title em { font-style: normal; position: relative } .page-title:after, .page-title em:after { position: absolute; content: ''; width: 25px; border-bottom: 1px solid #f16911; bottom: -15px; left: 0; margin: 0 auto } .page-title span { display: block; font: normal normal normal 16px/24px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; color: #3e3e3e } .section-title { font: normal normal bold 22px/27px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0; color: #005c99; position: relative; margin-bottom: 30px; text-transform: capitalize } .section-title:after { position: absolute; content: ''; width: 25px; border-bottom: 1px solid #f16911; bottom: -15px; left: 0; margin: 0 auto } .section-title span { display: block; font: normal normal normal 16px/24px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; color: #3e3e3e } .section-subttl { color: #f16911; font: normal normal bold 12px/24px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center } .sec-sub-title { font: normal normal normal 16px/22px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; color: #3e3e3e } .txt-blue { color: #006fb9 } .bg-gray { background: #f5f5f5 } .flex-start { display: flex; justify-content: flex-start; align-items: center } .flex-space { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center } .blue-btn { background: transparent linear-gradient(90deg, #006fb9 0, #0c7ac3 53%, #43acf2 100%) 0 0 no-repeat padding-box; box-shadow: 0 3px 6px #00000042; border-radius: 0 12px; padding: 10px 25px; text-align: center; font: bold 14px/17px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; color: #FFF; display: table; margin: 0 auto } .org-btn { background: transparent linear-gradient(90deg, #f16911 0, #f87c27 47%, #ff9140 100%) 0 0 no-repeat padding-box; box-shadow: 0 3px 9px #00000042; border-radius: 0 12px; padding: 10px 25px; text-align: center; font: bold 14px/17px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; color: #FFF; display: table; margin: 0 auto; cursor: pointer } .ovh { overflow: hidden } .spacer { margin: 30px auto } .abt--tl-sec.pad60, .pad60 { padding: 60px 0 } .pad30 { padding: 30px 0 } .padb30 { padding-bottom: 30px } .abt--tl-sec .abt-desc.wdauto { width: auto } .mxwidth810 { max-width: 810px; width: 100% } .db-content p { font: normal normal normal 16px/22px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; margin-bottom: 20px; color: #3e3e3e; text-align: left !important } .db-content p img { vertical-align: middle } .db-content ul li { font: 400 16px/22px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; margin-left: 15px; padding-bottom: 15px; color: #3e3e3e } .db-content ul li::before { content: ''; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #999; border-radius: 50%; display: block; margin: 5px 10px 0 -15px; float: left } .db-content ul li img { vertical-align: middle } .db-content table tr td { padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #000 } .db-content ol li { font: 400 16px/22px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; margin-left: 15px; padding-bottom: 15px; color: #3e3e3e } .greentext { color: #668c80 } .ic-arrow { width: 23px; height: 23px; border-radius: 50%; background: transparent linear-gradient(180deg, #668c80 0, #75af9d 100%) 0 0 no-repeat padding-box; color: #fff; box-shadow: 0 2px 3px #00000029; border: 1px solid #fff } .lan-ttl { padding: 15px 0; font-weight: bold } .fntbold { font-weight: bold } .req-call-wrap { display: none } .ad-banner { text-align: center; margin: 10px auto; display: block } .ad-banner div { display: inline-block; width: 100% } .bottom-nav { max-width: 750px; border: 1px solid #1b80c3; border-radius: 25px 25px 0 0; margin: 0 auto; position: sticky; bottom: 50px; overflow: hidden; z-index: 1 } .bottom-links { display: flex; justify-content: space-around; align-items: center } .bottom-links a { font: normal normal 600 14px/16px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; height: 48px; width: 20%; display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center; color: #006fb9 } .bottom-links a:nth-of-type(odd) { background: #f2f2f2 } .bottom-links a:nth-of-type(even) { background: #fff } .bottom-links a i { padding-right: 7px; display: flex } .abt--tl-sec { padding: 30px 0 } .abt--tl-sec .abt-desc { width: 670px; margin: 0 auto } .abt--tl-sec .abt-desc p { font: normal normal normal 16px/22px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; color: #3e3e3e; margin-bottom: 20px; text-align: justify } /* .abt--tl-sec .abt-desc p span { font: normal normal normal 16px/22px 'Open Sans', sans-serif !important } */ .abt--tl-sec .abt-desc .rm-btn { font: normal normal 600 15px/24px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; color: #3e3e3e; padding: 0; border: 0; background: 0; cursor: pointer; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px } .abt--tl-sec .abt-desc .rm-btn:hover { opacity: .8 } .abt--tl-sec .abt-desc .rm-btn span { font-size: 18px; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top } .faq-section { padding: 50px 0 60px; background: #f7f7f7 } .max-width-class { max-width: 1150px; margin: 0 auto } .bg-white { background: #fff } .accordions { overflow: hidden; margin: 30px 0 0 } .accordion { width: 100%; color: #3e3e3e; overflow: hidden; border-bottom: 1px solid #707070 } .accordion-label { display: -webkit-box; display: flex; -webkit-box-pack: justify; justify-content: space-between; padding: 10px 30px 10px 0; font: 600 16px/28px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; cursor: pointer; color: #3e3e3e; position: relative } .accordion-label::after { content: "\203A"; width: 1em; height: 1em; text-align: center; -webkit-transition: all .35s; transition: all .35s; font-weight: 100; font-size: 30px; -webkit-transform: rotate(90deg); transform: rotate(90deg); color: #707070; opacity: .8; position: absolute; right: 0 } .accordion-content { max-height: 0; padding: 0; color: #2c3e50; -webkit-transition: all .35s; transition: all .35s; font: 400 16px/28px 'Open Sans', sans-serif } .accordion-close { display: -webkit-box; display: flex; -webkit-box-pack: end; justify-content: flex-end; padding: 1em; font-size: .75em; cursor: pointer } .accordion input { position: absolute; opacity: 0; z-index: -1 } .accordion-close:hover { background: #1a252f } input:checked+.accordion-label { font-weight: 700 } input:checked+.accordion-label::after { -webkit-transform: rotate(270deg); transform: rotate(270deg); right: 4px } input:checked~.accordion-content { max-height: 100vh; padding: 10px 0 } .accordion-content span { font-size: 16px !important } .glide { position: relative; width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box } .glide * { box-sizing: inherit } .glide__track { overflow: hidden } .glide__slides { position: relative; width: 100%; list-style: none; backface-visibility: hidden; transform-style: preserve-3d; touch-action: pan-Y; overflow: hidden; margin: 0; padding: 0; white-space: nowrap; display: flex; flex-wrap: nowrap; will-change: transform } .glide__slides--dragging { user-select: none } .glide__slide { width: 100%; height: 100%; flex-shrink: 0; white-space: normal; user-select: none; -webkit-touch-callout: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent } .glide__slide a { user-select: none; -webkit-user-drag: none; -moz-user-select: none; -ms-user-select: none } .glide__arrows { -webkit-touch-callout: none; user-select: none } .glide__bullets { -webkit-touch-callout: none; user-select: none } .glide--rtl { direction: rtl } .success-stories-section { padding: 40px 0 0 } .success-stories-section .success-wrap { background: url('/assets/v1/images/quote.png') no-repeat top left, url('/assets/v1/images/quote-close.png') no-repeat right 90%; padding: 30px 0 0 } #successStory li { text-align: center } #successStory li img { border-radius: 50%; border: 9px solid rgba(186, 186, 186, 0.4); margin-top: -78px; width: 146px; height: 146px; background: #fff } .succ-desc { margin: 17px 20px 0 } .succ-quote { text-align: center; font: 400 14px/20px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0; color: #3e3e3e } .succ-name { text-align: center; font: 700 14px/20px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0; color: #3e3e3e; margin: 30px 0 5px } .succ-std { text-align: center; font: 400 14px/20px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0; font-style: italic; color: #3e3e3e } .succ-name.blue-txt { color: #006fb9 } .succ-nortxt { font-style: normal } .success-stories-section .success-wrap.success-nobg { background: 0 } #successStory { margin: 0 } #successList { display: flex; justify-content: space-around; padding: 80px 0 100px } #successList li { width: 28%; max-width: 336px; background: #fff 0 0 no-repeat padding-box; box-shadow: 0 0 9px #00000029; border-radius: 18px; width: 336px; height: 360px } #successStory.nobutton .glide__arrows { display: none } #successStory .glide__arrows { position: absolute; top: 42%; display: flex; justify-content: space-between; width: 100% } #successStory .glide__arrow { height: 50px; width: 50px; background: #006fb9; border: 0; cursor: pointer; border-radius: 10px } #successStory .glide__arrow--right { right: 100%; left: auto } #getintouch { position: fixed; top: 50%; left: 0; cursor: pointer; padding: 0; background: transparent linear-gradient(90deg, #f16911 0, #ff9140 100%) 0 0 no-repeat padding-box; z-index: 99; border-radius: 0 6px 6px 0; width: 35px; height: 35px } .row-wrap { display: flex; justify-content: flex-start; align-items: center; border-bottom: 2px solid #f0f0f0; padding: 10px 0 } .ic-wrap { width: 47px; height: 47px; border-radius: 50%; display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center; flex-shrink: 0; margin-right: 12px } .ic-wrap img { max-width: 100% } .get-cont { color: #3e3e3e; font: 400 16px/22px 'Open Sans', sans-serif } .get-cont span { font-weight: 600; display: block } .modal-content .soc-wrap { margin: 15px 0 0; justify-content: flex-start } .get-cont .form-group { margin-top: 4px; display: flex } .get-cont .form-group form { display: flex } .inputbox { width: 170px; background: #dbdbdb; border-radius: 0 12px; padding: 5px 22px 5px 10px; border: 0; font: 400 13px/24px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; color: #3e3e3e } .get-cont .btn-submit { border: 0; margin-left: -15px; padding: 10px 15px; text-transform: uppercase } #getinModal .close { display: block; text-align: right; padding: 5px 10px 0 0; cursor: pointer; margin-bottom: 0; background: 0 } #getinModal .modal-title-main-div { padding: 0 20px 25px } .call-wrap { display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center; padding-bottom: 10px } .call-wrap h4 { color: #333; font: 700 14px/20px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; margin-left: 12px } .call-wrap .ic-wts { left: 18px; top: -6px } #schoolModal .modal-content { padding: 20px 15px } .menu-content { padding: 0; color: #2c3e50; -webkit-transition: all .35s; transition: all .35s; font: 400 16px/28px 'Open Sans', sans-serif } .menu-content ul li { border-bottom: 2px solid #f2f2f2; padding: 3px 0 } .menu-content ul li:last-child { border-bottom: 0 } #searchModal .modal-content { padding: 20px 15px } .search-input { background: #dfdfdf; border-radius: 11px; padding: 10px 12px; border: 0; width: calc(100% - 24px); font: normal normal normal 16px/28px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; color: #3e3e3e; margin-bottom: 10px } .search-content { background: #efefef; border-radius: 12px } .search-content ul li { font: 600 15px/15px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; border-bottom: 1px solid #bababa; margin: 0 10px } .search-content ul li a { color: #3e3e3e; padding: 12px 0; display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center } .search-content ul li:last-child { border-bottom: 0 } .gsc-control-cse { background: none !important; border: none !important; padding: 0 !important } #searchModal .gsc-input-box { background: #d9d9d9 !important; border: none !important; font: normal normal normal 16px/16px sans-serif; color: #3e3e3e } #searchModal .gsc-control-cse { padding: 0 } .gsc-control { width: 142px !important } .gsc-clear-button { display: none !important } .gsc-input-box { border: none !important; background: #d9d9d9 !important; padding: 0 !important } .gsc-search-button-v2 { padding: 0 !important; background-color: #f16911 !important; border-radius: 50% !important; width: 27px !important; height: 27px !important; border-color: #f16911 !important; border: none !important } .gsib_a { padding: 0 !important } table.gsc-search-box td.gsc-input { padding-right: 0 !important } .gsc-input { background: none !important; border: none !important } form.gsc-search-box { margin-bottom: 0 !important } .gsst_a .gscb_a { color: #bbb !important } .header-login-wrap .gsst_a { padding: 0 4px } .gssb_a, .gssb_a td { line-height: 26px; font-size: 14px; font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif } .gssb_a { padding: 0 0 0 9px } .enroll-section { background: transparent linear-gradient(90deg, #f16911 0, #ff9140 100%) 0 0 no-repeat padding-box; padding: 2px 0 5px; position: fixed; bottom: 0; width: 100%; z-index: 1 } .enroll-txt-wrap { display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center } .enroll-txt { margin: 0 30px 0 0; font: 400 15px/18px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0; color: #fff; opacity: 1 } .enroll-txt span { font-size: 18px } .enroll-btn .org-btn { background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 1); border-radius: 0 12px; color: #3e3e3e } .slant-box { overflow: hidden } .slant-box::after { content: ''; width: 0; height: 0; border-style: solid; border-width: 61px 0 0 54px; border-color: #007bff transparent transparent transparent; transform: rotate(89deg); position: absolute; right: 3px; bottom: -4px; overflow: hidden } .right-arrow { position: absolute; right: -24px; bottom: 35px; z-index: 1 } .right-arrow::after { content: '\203A'; width: 1em; height: 1em; text-align: center; -webkit-transition: all .35s; transition: all .35s; font-weight: 100; display: block; color: #fff; position: absolute; top: 3px; right: 18px; font-size: 40px; transform: rotate(-14deg) } #qmenu-overlay { position: fixed; top: 0; left: 0; bottom: 0; right: 0; display: none; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.7); overflow: auto; z-index: 999 } .popup-overlay, .pop-overlay { position: fixed; top: 0; left: 0; bottom: 0; right: 0; display: none; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.7); overflow: auto; z-index: 9999 } .modal-class { position: relative; background-color: #fff; width: 96%; margin: inherit; top: 50%; left: 50%; transform: translate(-50%, -50%); padding: 7px 0; max-width: 360px; border-radius: 17px; border: 1px solid #707070 } .modal-title-div { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; padding: 10px 20px 0 } .modal-title-main-div { display: flex; justify-content: center; padding: 0 20px 16px } .modal-title { color: #006fb9; font: normal normal bold 18px/46px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; position: relative } .modal-content { padding: 0 20px 20px; position: relative } .open { display: block } .btn-wrap { display: flex; justify-content: center; margin: 20px auto 15px } .btn-wrap button { margin: 0 10px; cursor: pointer } #schoolModal .menu-content ul, .boardModal .menu-content ul { margin-left: 0 } #schoolModal .menu-content ul li, .boardModal .menu-content ul li { padding: 5px 0; font: normal normal normal 15px/20px 'Open Sans', sans-serif } .sm-modal .modal-class { max-width: 300px; top: 50%; left: 50%; transform: translate(-50%, -50%); margin: inherit } .ms-modal .modal-class { max-width: 415px; top: 50%; left: 50%; transform: translate(-50%, -50%); margin: inherit } .menu-content ul li button { color: #1c81c4; font-size: 15px } .close { display: block; text-align: right; padding: 5px 10px 0 0; cursor: pointer } #back2Top { position: fixed; right: 12%; bottom: 60px; cursor: pointer; opacity: 1; -moz-transform: rotate(0); -webkit-transform: rotate(0); -o-transform: rotate(0); -ms-transform: rotate(0); transform: rotate(0); z-index: 1; padding: 0; width: 39px; height: 38px } .rm-wrap { height: 85px; overflow: hidden } .breadcrumbs-wrap { display: block } .breadcrumbs { display: inline-block; width: calc(100% - 35px) } .breadcrumbs-wrap form { display: inline-block } .breadcrumbs ul li { display: inline-block; margin: 0 30px 0 0; position: relative } .breadcrumbs ul li:last-child { margin-right: 0 } .breadcrumbs a, .breadcrumbs span { color: #0c4469; position: relative; font: normal normal normal 14px/30px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; padding: 0 11px 0 0; display: inline-block } .breadcrumbs li::after { content: '>'; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 7px; font-size: 15px; color: #1b80c3; margin-right: -16px } .breadcrumbs li:last-child::after { display: none } .breadcrumbs span { font: normal normal normal 14px/24px 'Open Sans', sans-serif } #js-bookmark { width: 28px; height: 28px; background: #bababa; border-radius: 5px; position: relative; display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center; margin-left: auto; cursor: pointer; flex-shrink: 0 } #js-bookmark span { position: absolute; font-size: 10px; bottom: -15px; left: 0; color: #3e3e3e; display: flex; justify-content: center; width: 28px } #js-bookmark.active { background: transparent linear-gradient(90deg, #f16911 0, #ff8f3e 100%) 0 0 no-repeat padding-box } #overlay, .overlay { background: #000; opacity: .8; position: fixed; width: 100%; height: 100%; z-index: 9999; top: 0; right: 0; left: 0; bottom: 0; display: none } header { position: sticky; top: 0; z-index: 9; background: #fff 0 0 no-repeat padding-box; border-radius: 0 0 29px 29px; width: 90%; margin: 0 auto; border-top: 0 } .header-login-wrap { border: 1px solid #d9d9d9; border-top: 0; opacity: 1; margin: 0 auto; border-radius: 0 0 29px 29px; display: block; font: 400 14px/14px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; padding: 20px 25px 15px; position: relative; z-index: 1; background: #fff; width: 100% } .header-left { float: left } .header-right { float: right; position: relative; height: 40px; width: calc(100% - 180px); padding-top: 4px; text-align: right } .topper-logo { display: none } .header-login-wrap a { color: #595959; padding: 0 10px } .header-login-wrap .ask-doubt-link { font-family: 'Open sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; padding: 6px 0 0; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top } .header-login-wrap .ask-doubt-link span { padding-left: 8px; padding-top: 1px; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top } .login-link { border-right: 2px solid #d9d9d9; cursor: pointer; color: #848484; font-family: 'Open sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px } .signup-link { font-family: 'Open sans', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; cursor: pointer } .cart-link { margin-left: 11px; position: relative; cursor: pointer; padding: 6px 10px 0; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top } .cart-link::after, .cart-link::before { content: ''; width: 2px; height: 21px; background: #d9d9d9; position: absolute; top: 5px } .cart-link::before { left: 0 } .cart-link::after { right: -3px } .cart-link svg { margin-top: 0 } .cart-number-wrap { width: 18px; height: 18px; background: #f16911; border-radius: 50%; position: absolute; justify-content: center; align-items: center; color: #fff; font: normal normal bold 11px/15px Open Sans; display: flex; right: 2px; top: -7px } .search-wrap { width: 156px; padding: 4px 4px 3px 10px; border-radius: 18px; background: #d9d9d9; color: #000; margin: 0 10px; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top } .srh-input { background: #d9d9d9; border: 0; font: 400 14px/22px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; vertical-align: top; width: 110px } .ic-search { width: 27px; height: 27px; border-radius: 50%; background: #f16911; display: inline-flex; align-items: center } .ic-search svg { margin-top: -3px } .search { cursor: pointer; padding: 0 6px; margin-right: 15px; position: relative; display: none } .search svg { padding-top: 4px } .bfl-box { display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; padding-top: 12px } .header-flex-wrap { background: transparent linear-gradient(90deg, #1b80c3 0, #0e4062 100%) 0 0 no-repeat padding-box; display: block; margin: -23px auto 28px; border-radius: 0 0 29px 29px; padding: 24px 10px 0 } .header-menu { font: 400 14px/20px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; color: #3e3e3e; display: flex; justify-content: flex-start; align-items: center } .header-menu ul { margin-right: 25px; flex-shrink: 0; position: relative; height: auto } .header-menu li { padding: 10px 18px } .header-menu li.no-arrow button::after { display: none } .header-menu li button, .header-menu li a, .header-menu li span { position: relative; color: #fff; padding: 0 5px; font-size: 15px; font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif; cursor: pointer; opacity: .8 } .header-menu li button::after { content: "\203A"; width: 1em; height: 1em; text-align: center; -webkit-transition: all .35s; transition: all .35s; font-weight: 100; font-size: 25px; position: absolute; right: -27px; top: -2px; transform: rotate(90deg); display: block; color: #fff } .header-menu ul li>ul { border-radius: 11px } .header-menu ul.submenu { display: none; margin-right: 0; border-radius: 11px; border: 1px solid #bababa; background: #fff; position: absolute; top: 40px; z-index: 999; width: auto; white-space: nowrap; min-width: 160px } .submenu li a::after { display: none } .header-menu li:last-child .submenu { right: 0 } .header-menu li:last-child .submenu::before { right: 15px; left: inherit } .submenu li { font: 400 14px/16px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; padding: 0 6px } .submenu li:hover a:hover, .submenu li:hover span { color: #1b80c3 } .submenu::before { content: ""; border-left: 8px solid transparent; border-right: 8px solid transparent; top: -8px; width: 0; height: 0; border-bottom: 8px solid #ff9140; position: absolute; left: 15px; z-index: -1 } .submenu li a, .submenu li span { border-bottom: 1px solid #bababa; padding: 10px 25px 10px 5px; display: block; color: #3e3e3e; position: relative } .submenu li:last-child a { border-bottom: 0 } .submenu li:last-child ul li a { border-bottom: 1px solid #bababa } .header-menu li:hover .submenu { display: block } .submenu li ul { display: none; position: absolute; left: 99%; height: auto; margin-top: -37px; background: #fff; color: #333; border: 1px solid #bababa; width: auto; white-space: nowrap; min-width: 160px } .submenu li:hover ul { display: block } .submenu li:hover ul li a, .submenu li:hover ul li span { color: #333 } .submenu li:hover ul li:hover a, .submenu li:hover ul li:hover span { color: #1b80c3 } .submenu li a::after, .submenu li span::after { content: "\203A"; width: 1em; height: 1em; text-align: center; -webkit-transition: all .35s; transition: all .35s; font-weight: 100; font-size: 25px; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 5px; transform: rotate(0); display: block; color: #bababa } .submenu li.noArrow a::after { display: none } .submenu li .innermenu li a::after { display: none } .header-menu li:last-child .submenu li .innermenu { right: 135px; left: inherit } .submenu li .innermenu li ul { display: none } .submenu li .innermenu li:hover ul { display: block; left: 60%; z-index: 99 } .submenu li ul.top-space { margin-top: -50% } .submenu li .innermenu li:hover ul li a { color: #333 } .submenu li:hover .innermenu li ul li:hover a { color: #1b80c3 } .submenu li:hover .innermenu li a::after { content: "\203A"; width: 1em; height: 1em; text-align: center; -webkit-transition: all .35s; transition: all .35s; font-weight: 100; font-size: 25px; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 5px; transform: rotate(0); display: block; color: #bbb } .submenu li:hover .innermenu li.noArrow a::after { display: none } .submenu li:hover .innermenu li ul li.noArrow a::after { display: none } .submenu li:hover .innermenu li ul li ul.last-level { display: none; left: 50% } .submenu li:hover .innermenu li ul li:hover ul.last-level { left: 40% } .submenu li:hover .innermenu li ul li ul.last-level li { width: 340px } .submenu li:hover .innermenu li ul li ul.last-level.top-marg { top: -100% } .submenu li:hover .innermenu li ul li:hover ul { display: block } .submenu li:hover .innermenu li ul li:hover ul li a { color: #333 } .submenu li:hover .innermenu li ul li:hover ul li:hover a { color: #1b80c3 } .submenu li:hover .innermenu li ul li a::after { content: "\203A"; width: 1em; height: 1em; text-align: center; -webkit-transition: all .35s; transition: all .35s; font-weight: 100; font-size: 25px; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 5px; transform: rotate(0); display: block; color: #bbb } .submenu li:hover .innermenu li ul li.noArrow a::after { display: none } .net18-logo { display: inline-block; padding-right: 12px; padding-top: 6px; vertical-align: top } .hamburger { display: none } #mbnav { display: none } #menu-mobile { display: none } .afl-box { display: inline-block; margin-right: 6px; padding-right: 5px; overflow: hidden } .afl-box:hover { background: #efefef; border-radius: 18px 10px 10px 18px; overflow: hidden } .hd-profile-pic { width: 36px; height: 36px; margin-right: 6px; display: inline-block } .hd-profile-pic img { border: 2px solid #b6b6b7; width: 100%; height: 100%; border-radius: 50% } .user-detls { position: relative; cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top } .dwn-arrow { width: 14px; height: 14px; border: 1px solid #848484; border-radius: 50%; margin-left: 12px; margin-top: 10px; position: relative; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top } .dwn-arrow::after { content: '\203A'; width: 1em; height: 1em; text-align: center; -webkit-transition: all .35s; transition: all .35s; font-weight: 100; display: block; color: #bababa; transform: rotate(90deg); position: absolute; top: -3px; right: -3px; font-size: 20px } .user { color: #1b80c3; font: normal normal bold 12px/14px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; padding-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 5px } .user span { font-weight: 400 } .afl-box:hover .user-menu { display: block } .user-menu { display: none; position: absolute; background: #fff; padding: 0 7px; top: 43px; right: 50px; width: 125px; border: 1px solid #bababa; border-radius: 11px } .user-menu a, .user-menu button { display: block; padding: 7px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f1f1; font: normal normal normal 12px/16px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; color: #1b80c3; cursor: pointer } .user-menu::before { content: ""; border-left: 8px solid transparent; border-right: 8px solid transparent; top: -8px; width: 0; height: 0; border-bottom: 8px solid #ff9140; position: absolute; right: 10px; z-index: 1 } @media screen and (min-width:1201px) and (max-width:1400px) { .header-menu ul { margin-right: 12px; height: auto } .header-menu li button, .header-menu li a, .header-menu li span { font-size: 13px } } @media screen and (min-width:1024px) and (max-width:1200px) { header { width: 100% } .max-container { max-width: 96% } .header-flex-wrap { width: 98% } .header-menu ul { flex-wrap: wrap; width: auto; justify-content: flex-end; margin-right: 0; height: auto } .header-menu li button, .header-menu li a { font-size: 13px } .header-menu li { padding: 10px 11px } .header-menu li:last-child .submenu { right: 0 } .header-menu li:last-child .submenu::before { right: 8px; left: inherit } .header-menu li:last-child .submenu:after { right: 10px; left: inherit } .submenu li { padding: 0 } .faq-section .max-container { margin: 0 15px } .breadcrumbs-wrap { padding: 0 15px } } @media only screen and (max-width:1023px) { header { position: sticky; top: 0; z-index: 999; height: 80px; width: 100% } .header-menu { display: none } .header-login-wrap { width: 100%; border-radius: 0 0 12px 12px; padding: 4px 0; background: #fff; position: relative; z-index: 99 } .header-flex-wrap { background: transparent linear-gradient(90deg, #1b80c3 0, #0e4062 100%) 0 0 no-repeat padding-box; height: 38px; margin: -8px auto 0; width: 100%; padding: 8px 0 0; z-index: -1; border-radius: 0 } .header-flex-wrap .logo { display: none } .header-menu { width: 100%; font: 400 14px/20px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; justify-content: flex-start; overflow: auto } .header-menu ul { margin-right: 0; white-space: nowrap; overflow: auto; margin-left: -5px } .header-menu li button, .header-menu li a { color: #fff; font-size: 14px } .header-right { width: calc(100% - 180px); text-align: right } .homelink { display: flex; align-items: center; padding-left: 10px; border-right: 1px solid #fff; padding-right: 10px; margin-right: 0 } .header-menu li button::after { color: #fff; width: .8em; height: .8em; top: 2px } .header-menu li.noArrow button::after { display: none } .header-menu li.noArrow { padding: 10px 5px } .login-link { display: none } .signup-link { display: none } .header-login-wrap .ask-doubt-link>.ate-text { display: none } .cart-link { padding: 6px 0 0 } .cart-link::after, .cart-link::before { display: none } .cart-number-wrap { right: -8px; top: -7px } .net18-logo { border-left: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 3px 14px 2px 10px; display: inline-block } .net18-logo svg { width: 18px; height: 16px } .boardModal .modal-class { max-width: 300px } #schoolModal .modal-class { max-width: 300px } .sm-modal .modal-class { max-width: 300px } #searchModal .modal-class { background: 0; border: 0; transform: inherit; position: relative; margin: 0 auto; width: 100%; left: 0; top: 5% } .search-wrap { display: none } .search-wrap-mb { width: 100%; padding: 4px 5px 5px 10px; border-radius: 18px; background: #d9d9d9; color: #000; margin: 0 auto } .search-wrap-mb .srh-input { width: 89% } .search { margin-right: 0; display: inline-block; padding-top: 2px } .gsc-input-box { padding: 0 !important } .gssb_c { z-index: 99999 !important } .logo { display: block; margin-top: 4px } .logo svg { width: 122px; height: 37px } .header-left { display: flex; justify-content: space-between } .hamburger { display: block; cursor: pointer; padding: 7px 8px 8px 0; margin-left: 12px; z-index: 9999 } .bar1, .bar2, .bar3 { background: #f16911; height: 3px; transition: .2s; margin-top: 3px; display: block } .bar1 { width: 18px } .bar2 { width: 16px; display: flex; margin-left: auto } .bar3 { width: 14px; display: flex; margin-left: auto } #menu-mobile { display: flex; height: 30px } #mbnav { display: block } .nav-box { position: fixed; left: -150%; top: 0; width: 320px; transition: left .4s ease; background: #fff; height: 100%; z-index: 99; overflow-y: auto } .nav-active { left: 0; z-index: 9999; overflow-y: auto } .user-info { background: transparent linear-gradient(120deg, #006fb9 0, #00385d 100%) 0 0 no-repeat padding-box; border-radius: 0 0 29px 29px; padding: 14px 18px; position: sticky; top: 0; z-index: 9 } .user-img-wrap { width: 63px; height: 63px; background: #035084; border: 5px solid #4390c4; border-radius: 50%; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center } .user-img-wrap img { max-width: 38px } .user-details { padding-left: 16px } .user-name { font: 400 15px/20px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; color: #fff } .board-name { font: 400 12px/20px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; color: #fff } .login-wrap { margin-top: 12px; background: #fff; display: flex; justify-content: flex-start; border-bottom: 1px solid #e9e9e9; padding-bottom: 15px; margin-right: 16px } .login-btn { font: normal normal bold 12px/15px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; margin: 0 0 0 18px; display: inline-block } .signup-btn { font: normal normal bold 12px/15px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; margin: 0 0 0 15px } .mobile-nav { margin-right: 16px } .mobile-nav ul li { display: block; border-bottom: 1px solid #e9e9e9; font: 400 15px/20px 'Open Sans', sans-serif } .mobile-nav ul li a, .mobile-nav ul li label { padding: 10px 0 10px 30px; display: block; color: #3e3e3e; position: relative; font-weight: 600 } .mobile-nav ul li a::after, .mobile-nav ul li label::after { content: '\203A'; width: 1em; height: 1em; text-align: center; -webkit-transition: all .35s; transition: all .35s; font-weight: 100; display: block; color: #bababa; transform: rotate(90deg); position: absolute; top: 8px; right: 5px; font-size: 34px } .mobile-nav ul li a.noarrow::after { display: none } input:checked~.flevel-menu, input:checked~.seclevel-menu { max-height: 100%; opacity: 1 } input:checked+.menu-label::after { -webkit-transform: rotate(270deg); transform: rotate(270deg); right: 0 } input:checked+.menu-label.rgt-arrow::after { -webkit-transform: rotate(0); transform: rotate(0); right: 0 } .view-package { padding: 20px 0 50px } .view-package a { text-transform: uppercase } .mobile-nav .flevel-menu { background: #f4f4f4; margin-right: -15px; padding: 0 19px 0 25px; max-height: 0; opacity: 0 } .mobile-nav .flevel-menu li { margin: 0 10px; font-weight: bold } .mobile-nav .flevel-menu li a { padding: 12px 0 8px } .mobile-nav .flevel-menu li a::after { display: none } .mobile-nav .seclevel-menu { border-top: 1px solid #e0e0e0; max-height: 0; opacity: 0 } .mobile-nav .seclevel-menu li { font-weight: 400; margin: 0; font-size: 13px } .mobile-nav .seclevel-menu li:last-child { border-bottom: 0 } .mobile-nav .flevel-menu label { padding: 10px 0 } .mobile-nav .flevel-menu label::after { right: 4px } .afl-box { display: none } .faq-section { padding: 20px 15px } #main-wrapper { margin-top: 60px } .open-app-btn { border-radius: 10px; color: #fff; display: block; position: sticky; bottom: 108px; left: 50%; transform: translateX(-50%) } #back2Top { bottom: 288px } .page-title { margin: 0 0 30px } .req-call-wrap { display: block; position: relative } .req-label { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; position: absolute; z-index: 1; cursor: pointer; padding: 5px 12px; width: 208px; height: 35px; background: #006fb9; border-radius: 0 0 10px 10px; left: 50%; transform: translateX(-50%); bottom: -35px } .req-text { color: #fff; font: normal normal 600 15px/24px 'Open Sans', sans-serif } .req-call-wrap em { width: 22px; height: 22px; background: #f16911; border-radius: 50% } .req-content { padding: 12px 15px 20px; font: 400 16px/28px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; position: relative; background: #fff 0 0 no-repeat padding-box; box-shadow: 0 0 10px #00000029; border: 1px solid #d9d9d9; border-radius: 0 0 14px 14px; width: 94%; margin: 0 auto; max-width: 390px; text-align: center; display: none } .req-content p { color: #3e3e3e; font: normal normal 600 15px/22px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; text-align: center } .req-content .inputbx { position: relative; background: #dfdfdf; border-radius: 0 8px 8px 0; border: 0; opacity: 1; padding: 5px 10px; width: 216px; margin: 10px auto 10px 0; display: inline-block; font: normal normal normal 14px/28px 'Open Sans', sans-serif } .req-content .inputsmbx { position: relative; background: #dfdfdf; opacity: 1; display: inline-block; width: 48px; border-radius: 8px 0 0 8px; border: 0; padding: 5px 5px 5px 10px; font: normal normal normal 14px/28px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; border-right: 1px solid #cfcfcf; margin-right: -5px; color: #3e3e3e } .inputsmbx .arrow { position: absolute; right: 10px; color: #006fb9 } .show { display: block } .showicon svg { transform: rotate(180deg) } .menu-content { font: 400 14px/20px 'Open Sans', sans-serif } .menu-content ul li { padding: 5px 0 } .menu-content ul li a:hover { color: #1b80c3 } .bg-gray { padding: 20px 0 } .breadcrumbs { text-align: left } .breadcrumbs-wrap { padding: 0 15px; margin-bottom: 20px } .section-title { font: normal normal bold 18px/22px 'Open Sans', sans-serif } #chapter-list .section-title:after { margin: 0 } #chapter-list.abt--tl-sec .abt-desc { text-align: left } .accordion-label { font: 400 16px/24px 'Open Sans', sans-serif } .abt--tl-sec { padding: 30px 0 0 } .abt--tl-sec .inner-bx { max-width: 50%; margin-bottom: 30px; flex-direction: column; text-align: center } .abt--tl-sec .icon-wrap { margin-right: 0; margin-bottom: 10px; width: 75px; height: 75px } .abt--tl-sec .meta-bx h5 { font-size: 22px; line-height: 22px } .abt--tl-sec .meta-bx h5 { font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px } .abt--tl-sec .abt-desc { width: 100% } .ad-banner div, .ad-banner .txt { width: 100%; margin: 0 auto; max-width: 728px } .ad-banner div iframe, .ad-banner div img { width: 100%; max-width: 728px } #top-ad-banner img { max-width: 100% } .enroll-btn .org-btn { padding: 10px } .enroll-txt { width: 230px; margin: 0 } .enroll-txt-wrap { margin: 0 10px; justify-content: flex-start } .enroll-section { padding: 10px 0 } input:checked+.accordion-label::after { right: 0 } .success-stories-section .max-container { padding: 0 } .success-stories-section .section-title { padding: 0 20px } .success-stories-section .section-title:after { left: 20px } #successStory .glide__arrows { position: relative; top: -298px; overflow: hidden } #successStory .glide__arrow img { width: 8px; height: 16px; position: relative } #successStory .glide__arrow--left img { left: 10px } #successStory .glide__arrow--right img { right: 7px } #successStory .glide__arrow--left { border-radius: 0 50% 50% 0; transform: translate(-50%, 0) } #successStory .glide__arrow--right { border-radius: 50% 0 0 50%; transform: translate(50%, 0) } .success-stories-section .success-wrap { background: url('/assets/v1/images/quote.png') no-repeat 10% top, url('/assets/v1/images/quote-close.png') no-repeat 90% 81% } .bottom-links a { padding: 8px 0 4px } .lan-ttl { padding: 15px 0 } jdiv { margin-bottom: 180px !important } } @media only screen and (max-width:767px) { .bottom-nav { border-top: 2px solid #1b80c3; border-left: 0; border-right: 0; border-bottom: 0; border-radius: 0; bottom: 50px } .bottom-links a { flex-direction: column; font: normal normal 600 11px/16px 'Open Sans', sans-serif } .bottom-links a i { padding-right: 0 } } input:checked~.accordion-content { max-height: 100% } .accordion-content .list { display: flex; flex-direction: column } footer{background:#efefef;width:100%;padding:50px 0 0}.footer-links-wrap{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;padding-bottom:20px}.ftr-column{padding:0 10px}.ftr-heading{color:#3e3e3e;font:700 14px/14px 'Open Sans',sans-serif;text-transform:uppercase;padding:10px 0 15px}.ftr-links li{font:400 14px/14px 'Open Sans',sans-serif;color:#3e3e3e;padding-bottom:12px}.ftr-links li a{color:#3e3e3e}.topmarg{margin-top:30px}.footer-cont-info{background:#e3e3e3;padding:20px 0 0}.footer-info-wrap{display:flex;justify-content:flex-start}.ftr-left{width:80%;margin-right:74px}.ftr-form-wrap{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;padding-bottom:15px}.gpay-column{width:298px}.gpay-column img{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle}.gpay-column a{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;margin-left:15px}.nws-column{display:inline-block}.nws-box-wrap{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center}.nws-box-wrap span{color:#3e3e3e;font-size:12px}.nws-box-wrap p{color:#3e3e3e;font:400 14px/14px 'Open Sans',sans-serif;margin-right:15px}.nws-input-wrap input{width:255px;background:#ccc;border-radius:0 12px;color:#3e3e3e;font:400 13px/24px 'Open Sans',sans-serif;border:0;padding:5px 30px 5px 15px}.nws-input-wrap input::placeholder{color:#848484}.btn-subscribe{background:transparent linear-gradient(90deg,#006fb9 0,#40a9ef 100%) 0 0 no-repeat padding-box;box-shadow:0 3px 9px #00000042;padding:7px 20px;border-radius:0 12px;color:#fff;font:600 14px/19px 'Open Sans',sans-serif;text-transform:uppercase;border:0;margin-left:-25px;position:relative;z-index:0}.ftr-cont-wrap{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;padding-top:10px;font:400 14px/20px 'Open Sans',sans-serif;border-top:1px solid #cecece;border-bottom:1px solid #cecece;padding-bottom:15px}.cont-info-wrap{background:#115e92;border-radius:11px;padding:10px;display:flex;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:center;width:40%;flex-shrink:0}.cont-call{position:relative}.ic-wts{position:absolute;left:26px;top:-4px;vertical-align:top}.contact-info{color:#fff;margin-left:15px}.contact-info .ftr-heading{color:#fff;padding:0 0 6px}.ftr-other-links{text-align:center;display:flex;justify-content:center;padding:15px 0}.ftr-other-links a{color:#3e3e3e;font:normal normal normal 14px/24px 'Open Sans',sans-serif;padding:0 8px;position:relative}.ftr-other-links a::after{content:'|';position:absolute;right:0;width:2px;height:4px;color:#939393}.ftr-other-links a:last-child::after{display:none}.reg-office{width:40%}.cont-number{padding-bottom:5px;font-weight:600}.address{line-height:23px}.soc-wrap{display:flex;justify-content:flex-start}.ic-fb svg{margin-top:4px}.ic-insta{margin:0 10px}.ic-insta,.ic-ytube{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center}.footer-network-sites{background:#d3d3d3;padding:28px 0}.sites-wrap{display:flex;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:center}.company-ttl{font:700 14px/20px 'Open Sans',sans-serif;width:164px}.sites-wrap ul{border-left:2px solid #a7a7a7;padding-left:24px;display:flex;justify-content:flex-start;flex-wrap:wrap;width:75%}.sites-wrap ul li{padding:0 10px}.sites-wrap ul li a{color:#3e3e3e;padding:10px 0;display:inline-flex}.copyright-wrap{background:#fff;padding:15px 0 55px}.copy-columns{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:center}.copy-columns a{padding-right:15px;margin-right:15px;color:#3e3e3e}.copy-columns .tnc{border-right:1px solid #868686}.logos{border-right:1px solid #a7a7a7;padding:5px 12px 5px 55px;display:flex;align-items:center}.logos a{margin-left:20px;padding-right:0;margin-right:0}.logos .nw18-logo{margin-left:0;padding-right:0;margin-right:0}.copy-text{padding:0 12px;color:#3e3e3e;font:400 14px/14px 'Open Sans',sans-serif}.ftr-accordion{border-bottom:0}.ftr-accordion input[type=checkbox]{display:none}.ftr-accordion-label{display:block}.ftr-accordion-label::after{display:none}.ftr-accordion-content{max-height:100vh}#toppertv{display:block}#toppertv-accordion{display:none}.soln-cont table,.db-content table{border-collapse:collapse;max-width:100%;border:2px solid #ededed;margin-bottom:30px}.soln-cont table th,.db-content table th{color:#3e3e3e;font:normal normal bold 16px/24px 'Open Sans',sans-serif;padding:8px 10px;border:2px solid #ededed;text-align:left}.soln-cont table td,.db-content table td{color:#3e3e3e;font:normal 16px/24px 'Open Sans',sans-serif;padding:8px 10px;border:2px solid #ededed;text-align:left}.table-layout{border-collapse:collapse;max-width:100%;border:2px solid #ededed;margin-bottom:30px}.table-layout th{color:#3e3e3e;font:normal normal bold 16px/24px 'Open Sans',sans-serif;padding:8px 10px;border:2px solid #ededed;text-align:left}.table-layout td{color:#3e3e3e;font:normal 16px/24px 'Open Sans',sans-serif;padding:8px 10px;border:2px solid #ededed;text-align:left}.bg-dark-gray{background:#d9d9d9}.bg-light-gray{background:#edebeb}#stickyBanner{display:none}@media screen and (min-width:1024px) and (max-width:1200px){.footer-links-wrap{padding:0 10px 20px}.footer-cont-info{padding:30px}.gpay-column{width:230px}.nws-input-wrap input{width:180px}.reg-office{width:90%;margin-left:20px}.stay-connect{padding-right:0;width:40%;padding-left:20px}.footer-network-sites{padding:20px}.copy-cont-wrap{padding:0 20px}.copy-text{font:400 14px/20px 'Open Sans',sans-serif;width:45%}.logos{padding:5px 12px 5px 0}.footer-content{padding:30px 20px 20px}}@media screen and (max-width:1023px){.max-container{max-width:calc(100% - 30px)}footer{padding:25px 0 0}.footer-links-wrap{flex-direction:column;padding:0 15px 20px}.topmarg{margin-top:0}.ftr-cont-wrap{flex-direction:column;text-align:center;padding-bottom:0}.ftr-column{padding:0}.ftr-heading{position:relative}.footer-links-wrap input[type=checkbox]{position:absolute;opacity:0;z-index:-1}.footer-links-wrap .ftr-column .ftr-heading{padding:15px 0 14px}.ftr-accordion{width:100%;color:#3e3e3e;overflow:hidden;border-bottom:1px solid #dbdbdb}.ftr-accordion-label{display:-webkit-box;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;padding:10px 0;font:700 14px/16px 'Open Sans',sans-serif;cursor:pointer;display:block}.footer-links-wrap .ftr-column .ftr-accordion-label::after{content:"\203A";width:1em;height:1em;text-align:center;-webkit-transition:all .35s;transition:all .35s;font-weight:100;font-size:30px;position:absolute;right:0;top:6px;transform:rotate(90deg);display:block}.ftr-accordion-content{max-height:0;padding:0;color:#2c3e50;font:400 16px/28px 'Open Sans',sans-serif}.ftr-accordion-close{display:-webkit-box;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:end;justify-content:flex-end;padding:1em;font-size:.75em;cursor:pointer}.ftr-accordion input{position:absolute;opacity:0;z-index:-1}.ftr-accordion-close:hover{background:#1a252f}.ftr-accordion input:checked+.ftr-accordion-label{font-weight:700}.ftr-accordion input:checked+.ftr-accordion-label::after{-webkit-transform:rotate(270deg);transform:rotate(270deg);right:-8px;display:block}.ftr-accordion input:checked ~ .ftr-accordion-content{max-height:100vh;padding:10px 0}#toppertv{display:none}#toppertv-accordion{display:block}.copy-columns{flex-direction:column}.logos{display:flex;order:1;border-right:0;padding-bottom:10px;padding-left:0}.copy-text{display:flex;order:3;text-align:center;line-height:20px;padding-bottom:20px}.ftr-left{width:100%;margin:0 20px}.gpay-column{width:100%;text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;padding-bottom:15px;padding-top:10px}.cont-info-wrap{width:100%;max-width:330px;margin:0 auto}.contact-info{width:100%;margin-left:7px;text-align:left}.cont-number{padding-bottom:0}.reg-office{margin-right:0;width:100%;padding-top:10px;border-bottom:1px solid #cecece;padding-bottom:12px}.soc-wrap{justify-content:center}.nws-column{padding-top:10px;text-align:center}.nws-box-wrap p{margin-right:0;padding-bottom:15px}.nws-input-wrap input{width:200px}.ftr-form-wrap{flex-direction:column}.nws-box-wrap{flex-direction:column}#nwsitesbox select{width:322px;border:1px solid #006fb9;box-shadow:0 3px 9px #00000029;border-radius:10px;padding:15px 10px;font:400 16px/24px 'Open Sans',sans-serif;background-color:#fff;-webkit-appearance:none;-moz-appearance:none;appearance:none;position:relative;background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=UTF-8,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2212%22%20height%3D%2212%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%2012%2012%22%3E%3Ctitle%3Edown-arrow%3C%2Ftitle%3E%3Cg%20fill%3D%22%23006FB9%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M10.293%2C3.293%2C6%2C7.586%2C1.707%2C3.293A1%2C1%2C0%2C0%2C0%2C.293%2C4.707l5%2C5a1%2C1%2C0%2C0%2C0%2C1.414%2C0l5-5a1%2C1%2C0%2C1%2C0-1.414-1.414Z%22%20fill%3D%22%23006FB9%22%3E%3C%2Fpath%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E");background-size:.8em;background-position:calc(100% - 1.3em) center;background-repeat:no-repeat}.form-group{display:flex}.btn-subscribe{background:transparent linear-gradient(90deg,#006fb9 0,#0c7ac3 53%,#43acf2 100%) 0 0 no-repeat padding-box;box-shadow:0 3px 6px #00000042;border-radius:0 12px;padding:8px 14px 10px 13px;text-align:center;font:400 14px/15px 'Open Sans',sans-serif;text-transform:uppercase}.footer-cont-info{padding:0;background:#efefef}.cont-time{padding-bottom:0}.stay-connect{width:auto;padding:6px 0 15px 0}.footer-content{padding:25px 35px 90px}.footer-content p{padding-bottom:20px}.copyright-wrap{padding:15px 0 0}.ftr-other-links{flex-wrap:wrap}.sites-wrap{flex-direction:column}.sites-wrap ul{border-left:0;width:90%;max-width:360px;justify-content:space-between;padding-top:10px;padding-left:0}.sites-wrap ul li{width:50%;padding:0 20px}#stickyBanner{position:sticky;width:320px;height:40px;margin:10px auto;display:block;bottom:0}} #hbar-stdpack { background: #006FB9; position: sticky; bottom: 0; z-index: 1; display: flex; height: 50px; } #hbar-stdpack a { display: flex; width: 100%; text-align: center; justify-content: center; align-items: center; height: 50px } .stdpack-offer-text { text-align: center; font: 600 19px/19px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; color: #fff; display: block; margin-top: -5px; position: relative; } .stdpack-offer-text em { font-style: normal; text-decoration: underline; } #hbar-stdpack::before { content: ''; background: url('/assets/v1/images/lf-bg-img.png') no-repeat left 0; display: block; width: 175px; height: 50px; position: absolute; bottom: 0; z-index: -1 } #hbar-stdpack::after { content: ''; background: url('/assets/v1/images/rt-bg-img.png') no-repeat right 0; display: block; width: 206px; height: 50px; position: absolute; bottom: 0; right: 0; z-index: -1 } .flex-colwrap img { position: relative; left: 0; margin-top: -9px; transform: scale(0.7); } .hclose { position: absolute; right: 5px; top: -20px; cursor: pointer; width: 34px; height: 34px; border-radius: 100%; background: #006FB9; display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center; } .hclose::before { content: ''; border: 2px solid #fff; position: absolute; width: 28px; height: 28px; border-radius: 100%; right: 3px; top: 2px } .hclose span { color: #fff; font-size: 30px; display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center; } @media screen and (max-width:1023px) { #hbar-stdpack::before, #hbar-stdpack::after { display: none } .hclose { position: absolute; right: 0px; } .stdpack-offer-text { /* border: 5px solid red; */ padding: 0 50px; margin: 5px 0; } .flex-colwrap img { display: none; max-width: 100%; width: 60px; height: auto; margin-top: -12px; left: 0px } } @media screen and (max-width:767px) { #hbar-stdpack { height: 60px } #hbar-stdpack a { height: 60px } .flex-colwrap img { display: none; max-width: 100%; width: 60px; height: auto; margin-top: -12px; left: 0px } .stdpack-offer-text { font: 600 14px/18px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; margin-top: 0 } .hclose { right: 0px; top: -16px; color: #fff } #hbar-stdpack::before, #hbar-stdpack::after { display: none } } .btslanding { background: #fbbe39; position: sticky; bottom: 0; z-index: 1; display: none } .btslanding a { display: block; width: 100% } .btslanding-wrap { background: url('/assets/v1/images/bg-bts.png') no-repeat 0 0; width: 407px; height: 50px; margin: 0 auto; display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center; position: relative } .btslanding-wrap p { color: #fff; font: bold 18px/24px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; width: 407px; padding: 10px 0; position: relative; display: flex; align-items: center } .btslanding-wrap b { width: 300px; display: block; text-align: center } .btslanding-wrap p span { font-size: 20px } .btslanding-wrap p em { color: #fff; font: bold 16px/24px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; position: absolute; right: 18px } .btslanding-wrap .hand { position: absolute; right: -12px; top: 15px } .hclose { /* position: absolute; */ /* right: 8px; */ font-size: 30px; /* padding: 6px 0 0; */ /* top: 2px; */ color: #000; text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer } @media screen and (max-width:767px) { .btslanding-wrap { background: url('/assets/v1/images/bg-bts-mb.png') no-repeat 0 0; width: 305px; height: 50px; margin: 0 auto; display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center; position: relative } .btslanding-wrap p { font: bold 13px/18px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; width: 100% } .btslanding-wrap b { width: 216px; display: block; text-align: center } .btslanding-wrap p span { font-size: 16px } .btslanding-wrap p em { font: bold 14px/24px 'Open Sans', sans-serif } } .bottom-nav{bottom:0px !important} </style> <style> .ques * { font-size: 16px !important; font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif !important; /* vertical-align: top */ } .options * { font-size: 16px !important; font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif !important; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top } .desc_modal { max-height: 580px; overflow: auto; } /* Custom scrollbar styles */ ::-webkit-scrollbar { width: 5px !important; } /* Track */ ::-webkit-scrollbar-track { margin: 5px !important; } /* Handle */ ::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb { background: #666 !important; border-radius: 10px !important; } .pad20 { padding: 20px 0 } .mar30 { margin: 30px auto } .mb20 { margin-bottom: 20px } #selflex-wrap.dg-selbox { margin-top: 20px } .bl-title { color: #006fb9; font: normal normal bold 18px/24px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; padding-bottom: 20px } .comm-tabs { display: flex; justify-content: center } .tablinks { font: 600 16px/22px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; color: #3e3e3e; background: #efefef; border: 1px solid #bababa; width: 50%; min-height: 47px; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; position: relative; cursor: pointer } .tablinks.active { background: #006fb9; border-color: #006fb9; color: #fff; position: relative } .tablinks.active::after { content: ""; border-left: 8px solid transparent; border-right: 8px solid transparent; bottom: -9px; width: 0; height: 0; border-top: 8px solid #006fb9; position: absolute; left: 50%; z-index: 1 } .para { font: normal normal normal 16px/22px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; color: #3e3e3e; text-align: center } .time-list { display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center; flex-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom: 30px } .time-box { background: #fff; border: 2px solid #006fb9; border-radius: 12px; box-shadow: 0 3px 6px #00000029; cursor: pointer; width: 54px; height: 50px; display: flex; justify-content: center; position: relative; margin: 0 10px 10px } .time-box span { display: flex; align-items: center; font: normal normal bold 16px/40px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; color: #006fb9; pointer-events: none } .rgt-arrow { position: absolute; right: -29px; bottom: 40px; z-index: 1 } .rgt-arrow::after { content: '\203A'; width: .4em; height: .4em; text-align: center; -webkit-transition: all .35s; transition: all .35s; font-weight: 100; display: block; color: #fff; position: absolute; top: 22px; right: 33px; font-size: 18px; transform: rotate(-8deg) } .time-box.slant-box::after { content: ''; width: 0; height: 0; border-style: solid; border-width: 30px 0 0 24px; border-color: #007bff transparent transparent transparent; transform: rotate(89deg); position: absolute; right: 2px; bottom: -5px; overflow: hidden } .list-wrap { display: flex; justify-content: flex-start; align-items: center; margin: 0 auto } .list-wrap ul { display: flex; justify-content: flex-start; flex-wrap: wrap; margin-right: auto } .list-wrap ul li { background: #fff; border: 1px solid #fff; box-shadow: 0 3px 10px #00000029; width: 338px; color: #3e3e3e; display: flex; align-items: center; border-radius: 16px; font: normal normal 400 16px/20px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; position: relative; margin: 0 20px 20px 0; height: 79px } .list-wrap ul li a { color: #3e3e3e; display: flex; justify-content: space-between; width: 100%; align-items: center; padding: 16px } .list-wrap ul li a span { padding-right: 10px } .list-wrap ul li span { padding-right: 40px } .bg-blue-arrow { width: 23px; height: 23px; border-radius: 50%; background: transparent linear-gradient(180deg, #1482c9 0, #2b97de 100%) 0 0 no-repeat padding-box; box-shadow: 0 2px 3px #00000029; border: 1px solid #fff; display: flex; align-items: center } .selbox-wrap { width: 330px; margin: 15px auto; position: relative } .selbox-wrap select { -webkit-appearance: none; -moz-appearance: none; appearance: none; background: #fff; box-shadow: 0 3px 6px #00000029; border: 2px solid #006fb9; border-radius: 10px; color: #3e3e3e; padding: 12px 9px; width: 100%; font: 400 16px/20px 'Open Sans', sans-serif } .selbox-wrap::after { width: 0; height: 0; position: absolute; top: 40%; right: 5px; content: '\203A'; z-index: 98; font-size: 30px; transform: rotate(90deg); color: #006fb9 } #selflex-wrap { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; width: 586px; margin: 60px auto 10px } #selflex-wrap .selbox-wrap { margin: 0 10px } .mock-board-wrap { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; margin-bottom: 10px; flex-wrap: wrap } .mock-maths-box { background: #668c80 0 0 no-repeat padding-box; border-radius: 16px; border: 2px solid #668c80; overflow: hidden; width: 480px; margin: 0 auto 16px } .mock-heading { padding: 7px 0; text-align: center; color: #fff; display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center } .mock-heading span { font: normal normal 600 18px/20px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; padding-left: 8px } .mock-cont { background: #fff; padding: 14px 16px } .mock-cont h3 { font: normal normal bold 15px/24px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; color: #3e3e3e; margin-bottom: 14px } .mock-list { margin-bottom: 10px } .mock-list li { font: 400 16px/16px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; margin-left: 15px; padding-bottom: 15px; color: #3e3e3e } .mock-list li::before { content: ''; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #668c80; border-radius: 50%; display: block; margin: 5px 10px 0 -15px; float: left } .mock-maths-box .test-btn { font: normal normal bold 14px/19px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; background: transparent linear-gradient(90deg, #668c80 0, #7aa597 100%) 0 0 no-repeat padding-box; box-shadow: 0 3px 6px #00000042; border-radius: 0 12px; padding: 10px 25px; text-align: center; color: #FFF; display: table; margin: 0 auto } .mock-science-box { background: #8d72a1 0 0 no-repeat padding-box; border-radius: 16px; border: 2px solid #8d72a1; overflow: hidden; width: 480px; margin: 0 auto 16px } .mock-science-box .mock-list li::before { background: #8d72a1 } .mock-science-box .test-btn { font: normal normal bold 14px/19px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; background: transparent linear-gradient(90deg, #8d72a1 0, #a180ba 100%) 0 0 no-repeat padding-box; box-shadow: 0 3px 6px #00000042; border-radius: 0 12px; padding: 10px 25px; text-align: center; color: #FFF; display: table; margin: 0 auto } .mock-physics-box { background: #8d72a1 0 0 no-repeat padding-box; border-radius: 16px; border: 2px solid #8d72a1; overflow: hidden; width: 480px; margin: 0 auto 16px } .mock-physics-box .test-btn { font: normal normal bold 14px/19px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; background: transparent linear-gradient(90deg, #8d72a1 0, #a180ba 100%) 0 0 no-repeat padding-box; box-shadow: 0 3px 6px #00000042; border-radius: 0 12px; padding: 10px 25px; text-align: center; color: #FFF; display: table; margin: 0 auto } .mock-biology-box { background: #8d72a1 0 0 no-repeat padding-box; border-radius: 16px; border: 2px solid #8d72a1; overflow: hidden; width: 480px; margin: 0 auto 16px } .mock-biology-box .test-btn { font: normal normal bold 14px/19px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; background: transparent linear-gradient(90deg, #8d72a1 0, #a180ba 100%) 0 0 no-repeat padding-box; box-shadow: 0 3px 6px #00000042; border-radius: 0 12px; padding: 10px 25px; text-align: center; color: #FFF; display: table; margin: 0 auto } .mock-chemistry-box { background: #8d72a1 0 0 no-repeat padding-box; border-radius: 16px; border: 2px solid #8d72a1; overflow: hidden; width: 480px; margin: 0 auto 16px } .mock-chemistry-box .test-btn { font: normal normal bold 14px/19px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; background: transparent linear-gradient(90deg, #8d72a1 0, #a180ba 100%) 0 0 no-repeat padding-box; box-shadow: 0 3px 6px #00000042; border-radius: 0 12px; padding: 10px 25px; text-align: center; color: #FFF; display: table; margin: 0 auto } .mock-social-studies-box { background: #c16366 0 0 no-repeat padding-box; border-radius: 16px; border: 2px solid #c16366; overflow: hidden; width: 616px; margin: 0 auto 16px } .mock-social-studies-box .test-btn { font: normal normal bold 14px/19px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; background: transparent linear-gradient(90deg, #c16366 0, #d36b6e 100%) 0 0 no-repeat padding-box; box-shadow: 0 3px 6px #00000042; border-radius: 0 12px; padding: 10px 25px; text-align: center; color: #FFF; display: table; margin: 0 auto } .mock-social-studies-box .mock-list li::before { background: #c16366 } .list-cent-wrap { width: 550px; margin: 0 auto } .list { margin: 10px 0 } .list li { font: 400 16px/22px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; margin-left: 15px; padding-bottom: 15px; color: #3e3e3e } .list li::before { content: ''; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #f48020; border-radius: 50%; display: block; margin: 8px 10px 0 -15px; float: left } .ribbon { position: absolute; left: -1px; top: 10px } .chkbox[type="checkbox"]:not(:checked), .chkbox[type="checkbox"]:checked { left: -9999px; outline: 0; position: absolute } .chkbox[type="checkbox"]:not(:checked)+label, .chkbox[type="checkbox"]:checked+label { position: relative; padding-left: 16px; cursor: pointer; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400; color: #666; width: 100% } .chkbox[type="checkbox"]:not(:checked)+label:before, .chkbox[type="checkbox"]:checked+label:before { content: ''; position: absolute; right: 16px; top: 0; width: 20px; height: 20px; border: 2px solid #dfdfdf; border-radius: 4px; background: #dfdfdf } .chkbox[type="checkbox"]:not(:checked)+label:after, .chkbox[type="checkbox"]:checked+label:after { content: '\2713'; position: absolute; top: 0; right: 18px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1; color: #fff; transition: all .2s; padding: 2px 3px; font-weight: 600 } .chkbox[type="checkbox"]:not(:checked)+label:after { opacity: 0; transform: scale(0) } .chkbox[type="checkbox"]:checked+label:after { opacity: 1; transform: scale(1) } .chkbox[type="checkbox"]:disabled:not(:checked)+label:before, .chkbox[type="checkbox"]:disabled:checked+label:before { box-shadow: none; border: 2px solid #dfdfdf; background-color: #dfdfdf } .chkbox[type="checkbox"]:disabled:checked+label:after { color: #dfdfdf; border: 2px solid #dfdfdf } .chkbox[type="checkbox"]:disabled+label { color: #aaa } .chkbox[type="checkbox"]:checked+label:before, [type="checkbox"]:checked+label:before { border: 2px solid #f16911; background: #f16911 } .chkbox[type="checkbox"]:checked:focus+label:before { border: 2px solid #f16911 } .chkbox[type="checkbox"]:not(:checked):focus+label:before { border: 2px solid #dfdfdf } .question { background: #fff 0 0 no-repeat padding-box; box-shadow: 0 3px 10px #00000029; border-radius: 16px; padding: 12px 15px 20px 15px; margin: 25px 0 } .qstn-title { color: #006fb9; font: normal normal bold 16px/24px Open Sans } .ques-wrap { border-bottom: 2px solid #f6f6f6; padding-bottom: 15px; margin-bottom: 10px } .qstn { font: normal normal bold 16px/24px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; color: #3e3e3e; padding-bottom: 10px } .qstn-img { margin: 12px 0 } .or-text { padding: 25px 0; font: normal normal 600 16px/24px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; color: #3e3e3e } .ques-cont { border-bottom: 2px solid #ddd; padding-bottom: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px } .ques-cont:last-child { border-bottom: 0; margin-bottom: 0; padding-bottom: 0 } .marks-wrap { background: #f48020 0 0 no-repeat padding-box; width: 35px; height: 35px; border-radius: 50%; color: #fff; display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center; font: normal normal bold 16px/24px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; margin-left: auto; margin-top: -30px } .ans-para { font: normal normal normal 16px/24px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; padding-bottom: 12px } .ans-para img { vertical-align: middle } .opt-table { width: 80%; border: 1px solid #000; text-align: left } .opt-head { font: normal normal bold 13px/16px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; border: 1px solid #000; padding: 3px } .opt { font: normal normal normal 13px/15px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; color: #3e3e3e; padding: 3px; border: 1px solid #000 } .test-flex { display: flex; justify-content: center } .test-left-col { width: 658px; margin-right: 25px } .quest-num-wrap { width: 658px; background: #efefef; border-radius: 11px; padding: 8px 15px; display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; margin-bottom: 20px } .quest-num-wrap em { font-style: normal; font: normal normal 600 12px/24px 'Open Sans', sans-serif } #ques-num, #ques-num1, .jee-test .ques-num, .jee-test .ques-num1 { font: normal normal 600 16px/24px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; color: #3e3e3e } #timer { color: #3e3e3e; font: normal normal bold 16px/24px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; display: flex; justify-content: space-around; align-items: center } .play-wrap { cursor: pointer; width: 31px; height: 31px; background: #f48020; border-radius: 50%; display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center; margin-left: 10px } #questions .glide__arrows, .jee-test .questions .glide__arrows { background: #efefef; width: 658px; padding: 22px 15px; border-radius: 11px; margin-bottom: 40px; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between } #fill-blanks #questions .glide__arrows { padding: 5px 15px } .ques { color: #3e3e3e; font: normal normal bold 16px/24px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; padding: 0 10px 8px } .options { padding: 0 10px } .options ul { margin-bottom: 20px } .options ul li { cursor: pointer; font: normal normal 600 16px/20px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; padding: 10px 0; display: flex; justify-content: flex-start; align-items: center; position: relative; color: #3e3e3e } .options ul li input { margin-right: 10px } .options ul li span { margin-left: 5px; display: inline-block } .options ul li span svg { position: relative; margin-bottom: -4px } .options ol { list-style-type: upper-alpha; margin-left: 20px } .options ol li { cursor: pointer; font: normal normal 600 16px/20px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; padding: 10px 0; position: relative; color: #3e3e3e; display: flex; justify-content: flex-start } .options .right { color: #68ad3d } .options .wrong { color: #d80404 } .test-right-col { width: 336px; margin-bottom: 30px } .txt-fill-blank { width: 150px; height: 28px; border: 0; border-bottom: 2px solid #999; font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif; text-align: center; margin: 0 10px; font-size: 16px; color: #3e3e3e } #ques-numbers, .jee-test .ques-numbers { display: flex; justify-content: space-around; flex-direction: column; border-bottom: 1px solid #eee; padding-bottom: 15px; margin-bottom: 10px } #ques-numbers .item, .jee-test .ques-numbers .item { display: flex; justify-content: flex-start; flex-wrap: wrap } #ques-numbers .item li, .jee-test .ques-numbers .item li { cursor: pointer; width: 46px; height: 44px; box-shadow: 0 3px 6px #00000029; border: 2px solid #006fb9; border-radius: 12px; color: #006fb9; font: normal normal bold 16px/24px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center; margin: 0 10px 10px } #ques-numbers .item .right-ans, .jee-test .ques-numbers .item .right-ans { background: #68ad3d; color: #fff; border: 2px solid #fff } #ques-numbers .item .wrong-ans, .jee-test .ques-numbers .item .wrong-ans { background: #d80404; color: #fff; border: 2px solid #fff } #ques-numbers .item .active, .jee-test .ques-numbers .item .active { border: 2px solid #f16911; color: #f16911 } #ques-numbers .item .answered, .jee-test .ques-numbers .item .answered { border: 2px solid #f16911; color: #fff; background: #f16911 } .jee-test .ques-numbers .item .answered { background: #68ad3d; color: #fff; border: 2px solid #fff; color: #fff } #ques-numbers .item .unanswered, .jee-test .ques-numbers .item .unanswered { box-shadow: 0 3px 6px #00000029; border: 2px solid #fff; background: #d80404; color: #fff } .jee-test .ques-numbers .item .markedrev { box-shadow: 0 3px 6px #00000029; border: 2px solid #fff; background: #f16911; color: #fff } .jee-test .ques-numbers .item .answeredrev { box-shadow: 0 3px 6px #00000029; border: 2px solid #fff; background: #8d72a1; color: #fff } #ques-numbers .glide__arrows, .jee-test .ques-numbers .glide__arrows { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; width: 312px; margin: 10px auto } .prev-text { margin-left: 35px; font-weight: 600 } .next-text { margin-right: 35px; font-weight: 600 } .legend { border-bottom: 1px solid #eee; padding: 0 0 10px; display: flex; justify-content: space-around; margin-bottom: 12px; width: 100%; flex-wrap: wrap } .legend>div { color: #3e3e3e; font: normal normal normal 14px/20px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; display: flex; align-items: flex-start; margin-right: 10px } .legend .legend-right i { width: 18px; height: 18px; border: 2px solid #006fb9; border-radius: 6px; box-shadow: 0 3px 6px #00000029; background: #68ad3d; margin-right: 5px } .legend .legend-wrong i { width: 18px; height: 18px; border: 2px solid #006fb9; border-radius: 6px; box-shadow: 0 3px 6px #00000029; background: #d80404; margin-right: 5px } .legend .legend-unanswered i { width: 18px; height: 18px; border: 2px solid #006fb9; border-radius: 6px; box-shadow: 0 3px 6px #00000029; background: #fff; margin-right: 5px } .legend .legend-answered i { width: 18px; height: 18px; border: 2px solid #fff; border-radius: 6px; box-shadow: 0 3px 6px #00000029; background: #006fb9; margin-right: 5px } .legend .legend-not-visited i { width: 18px; height: 18px; border: 2px solid #006fb9; border-radius: 6px; box-shadow: 0 3px 6px #00000029; background: #fff; margin-right: 5px } .legend .legend-markedrev i { width: 18px; height: 18px; border: 2px solid #006fb9; border-radius: 6px; box-shadow: 0 3px 6px #00000029; background: #f16911; margin-right: 5px } .legend .legend-answeredrev { margin-right: 0; width: 180px } .legend .legend-answeredrev i { width: 18px; height: 18px; border: 2px solid #006fb9; border-radius: 6px; box-shadow: 0 3px 6px #00000029; background: #8d72a1; margin-right: 5px; flex-shrink: 0 } .btnWrap { display: flex; justify-content: center; border-bottom: 1px solid #eee; padding: 0 0 10px 0; margin-bottom: 10px } .btnWrap .org-btn { padding: 10px 15px; margin: 0 7px } .solution-wrap { border-top: 2px solid #d9d9d9; padding: 10px 10px 16px; position: relative; margin-bottom: 60px } .solution-wrap .soln-ttl { color: #006fb9; padding-bottom: 7px; font: normal normal bold 16px/24px 'Open Sans', sans-serif } .solution-wrap p, .solution-wrap>div { font: normal normal 600 16px/24px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; color: #3e3e3e } #competency-test .solution-wrap p, #competency-test .solution-wrap>div { font: normal 16px/24px 'Open Sans', sans-serif } #competency-test .options ul li { cursor: pointer; font: normal normal 400 16px/20px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; padding: 10px 0; display: flex; justify-content: flex-start; align-items: center; position: relative; color: #3e3e3e } #fill-blanks #questions .glide__track { margin-bottom: 80px } #testModal .modal-class { max-width: 670px } #testModal .btn-wrap { max-width: 64%; margin: 10px auto 15px } .test-column { display: flex; justify-content: space-around } .hide { display: none } .show { display: block } .fullfledge .submit-btn { display: flex; align-items: center; margin-bottom: 20px; position: relative } .still-text { text-align: center; font: normal normal normal 14px/24px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; color: #3e3e3e } .timer-wrap { display: flex; justify-content: space-around; align-items: center } .timer-wrap span { padding-right: 10px } #questions .glide__arrows, .jee-test .questions .glide__arrows { margin-top: 30px } .test-right { width: 341px } .test-box { width: 100%; border: 2px solid #006fb9; border-radius: 9px; padding: 8px 12px; display: flex; justify-content: space-between; font: normal normal normal 16px/18px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; margin-bottom: 5px } #total-ques .total-count { color: #006fb9; font: normal normal bold 16px/18px 'Open Sans', sans-serif } #ques-attempt, #unattempted { border: 2px solid #d2d2d2 } #ques-attempt .total-count, #unattempted .total-count { color: #848484; font: normal normal bold 16px/18px 'Open Sans', sans-serif } #attempted { border: 2px solid #68ad3d } #attempted .total-count { color: #68ad3d; font: normal normal bold 16px/18px 'Open Sans', sans-serif } #skipped { border: 2px solid #d80404 } #skipped .total-count { color: #d80404; font: normal normal bold 16px/18px 'Open Sans', sans-serif } #review-later { border: 2px solid #f16911 } #review-later .total-count { color: #f16911; font: normal normal bold 16px/18px 'Open Sans', sans-serif } #correct-ans { border: 2px solid #68ad3d } #correct-ans .total-count { color: #68ad3d; font: normal normal bold 16px/18px 'Open Sans', sans-serif } #incorrect-ans { border: 2px solid #d80404 } #incorrect-ans .total-count { color: #d80404; font: normal normal bold 16px/18px 'Open Sans', sans-serif } .readpara { box-shadow: 0 0 9px #00000029; border: 2px solid #006fb9; border-radius: 11px; width: 212px; padding: 9px 12px 9px 7px; display: flex; justify-content: space-around; font: normal normal normal 16px/24px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; color: #3e3e3e; align-items: center; margin: 10px 0 } .bar-wrap { display: flex; width: 19px; flex-direction: column } .bar-wrap .bar { width: 19px; height: 3px; background: #006fb9; margin: 1px 0; border-radius: 4px } .bar-wrap .bar:last-child { width: 12px } #readparaModal .modal-class { max-width: 508px } #readparaModal p { font: normal normal normal 16px/24px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; color: #3e3e3e; text-align: center } #readparaModal img { margin: 0 auto; display: block } #singlecol { width: 900px; margin: 0 auto } #singlecol .quest-num-wrap { width: 900px } #singlecol .glide__arrows { width: 900px; justify-content: space-between } .view-soln { margin: 10px auto 20px } #input-ques-num { position: relative; display: block; text-align: center; margin-bottom: -68px; margin-top: 20px; width: calc(100% - 500px) } .inputvalue { background: #fff; width: 49px; height: 32px; border: 1px solid #d9d9d9; border-radius: 9px; color: #3e3e3e; text-align: center; margin: 0 5px } .ques-table { margin: 10px 0; display: block } #result-slider { width: 156px; height: 156px; z-index: 0 } #result-slider .rs-border { border: 1px solid #d9d9d9 } #result-slider .full .rs-tooltip span { transform: translate(-50%, -50%); font: normal normal normal 16px/24px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; color: #3e3e3e; width: 120px; position: absolute; left: 50%; top: 50%; transform: translate(-50%, -35px) } #result-slider .full .rs-tooltip { font: normal normal bold 46px/24px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; left: 50%; transform: translate(-50%, -50%); width: calc(100% - 60px); color: #68ad3d } #result-slider .rs-range-color { background-color: #68ad3d } .rs-readonly .rs-handle.rs-move { display: none } #result-slider .rs-path-color { background-color: #d9d9d9 } .time-taken { text-align: center; font: normal normal normal 16px/46px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; color: #3e3e3e } .time-taken span { font-weight: 600 } .glide__arrows .glide__arrow { width: 29px; height: 29px; border: 2px solid #848484; border-radius: 50%; cursor: pointer } .glide__arrows .glide__arrow--left svg, .glide__arrows .glide__arrow--right svg { margin-left: -5px } .glide__arrows .glide__arrow--disabled { opacity: .6 } .glide__bullets { display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center } .glide__bullets button { width: 13px; height: 13px; border-radius: 50%; border: 0; margin: 0 7px; background: #d9d9d9; cursor: pointer } .glide__bullets button.glide__bullet--active { background: #f16911; height: 13px } .nxt--vid-grid .vid-titl-w { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; margin: 30px 0 0 } .nxt--vid-grid .vid-titl-w h3 { font: 700 16px/24px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; color: #3e3e3e; padding-right: 23px; height: 48px; max-width: 270px; display: block; display: -webkit-box; -webkit-line-clamp: 2; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; text-overflow: ellipsis; overflow: hidden } .nxt--vid-grid .video-wrap { padding-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px } .nxt--vid-grid .vdo-img-wrap, .nxt--vid-grid .vdo-img-wrap img { width: 100% } .nxt--vid-grid .video-box { margin: 0; display: inherit; flex-direction: inherit } .nxt--vid-grid .glide__arrow { height: 40px; width: 40px; background: #006fb9; border: 0; cursor: pointer; border-radius: 40px; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; position: absolute; top: 36% } .nxt--vid-grid .glide__arrow--left { left: 10px } .nxt--vid-grid .glide__arrow img { width: 8px; height: 16px; position: relative } .nxt--vid-grid .glide__arrow--right { right: 10px; left: auto } .nxt--vid-grid .vid-desc { padding-bottom: 40px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; color: #3e3e3e } .v-all { color: #fff; width: 83px; height: 25px; background: #668c80 0 0 no-repeat padding-box; box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgb(0 0 0 / 42%); border-radius: 0 12px; font: 700 10px/11px 'Open Sans'; text-transform: uppercase; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center } .v-all:after { content: ''; margin-left: 5px; border: solid #fff; border-width: 0 2px 2px 0; display: inline-block; padding: 2px; transform: rotate(-45deg); -webkit-transform: rotate(-45deg) } .video-wrap { display: flex; justify-content: center; padding-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px } .vdo-img-wrap { position: relative } .nxt--vid-grid .vdo-img-wrap, .nxt--vid-grid .vdo-img-wrap img { width: 100% } .vdo-img-wrap img { border-radius: 12px; overflow: hidden } .play-icon { position: absolute; left: 50%; top: 50%; transform: translate(-50%, -50%) } .viewinfo { position: relative; padding: 6px 6px 20px; display: flex; margin-left: auto; cursor: pointer } .three-v-dots { width: 6px; height: 6px; background-color: #848484; display: flex; border-radius: 6px; position: relative; cursor: pointer } .three-v-dots:after, .three-v-dots:before { content: ''; width: 6px; height: 6px; background-color: #848484; display: flex; border-radius: 6px; position: absolute } .three-v-dots:before { top: 8px } .three-v-dots:after { top: 16px } .viewinfoWrap { position: absolute; left: 0; top: 10px; display: none } .viewinfoWrap .info { background: #fff; width: 162px; font-size: 14px; color: #333; -webkit-box-shadow: 0 0 10px 0 #c7c7c7; -moz-box-shadow: 0 0 10px 0 #c7c7c7; box-shadow: 0 0 10px 0 #c7c7c7 } .viewinfoWrap .info li { border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 5px 11px 5px; cursor: pointer } .viewinfoWrap .info li:hover { background: #1c81c4; color: #fff } .viewinfoWrap .info li:hover a { color: #fff } .viewinfoWrap .info li:hover svg { fill: #fff } .viewinfoWrap .info li a { color: #333; display: flex; align-items: center; width: 100% } .viewinfoWrap .info li span { vertical-align: top; display: inline-block; padding: 4px 5px } .viewinfoWrap .info li:last-child { border-bottom: 0 } .mock-board-exam #questions .glide__arrows { margin-top: -56px; padding: 23px 0 } #questions .glide__arrows .glide__arrow--right, .jee-test .questions .glide__arrows .glide__arrow--right { position: absolute; right: 15px; background: #efefef } #questions .glide__arrows .glide__arrow--left, .jee-test .questions .glide__arrows .glide__arrow--left { position: absolute; left: 15px; background: #efefef } .mock-board-exam #ques-numbers .item .answered { background: #006fb9; border: 2px solid #fff; color: #fff } .diagnostic-test .test-left-col { width: 865px } .diagnostic-test .quest-num-wrap { width: 865px } .diagnostic-test #questions .glide__arrows { width: 865px; margin-top: -40px } .diagnostic-test .test-right-col { width: 190px } .diagnostic-test #ques-numbers .item { width: 190px } .diagnostic-test #ques-numbers .item .answered { background: #006fb9; border: 2px solid #fff; color: #fff } .diagnostic-test-result .inputsmbx { position: relative; background: #dfdfdf; opacity: 1; display: inline-block; width: 48px; border-radius: 8px 0 0 8px; border: 0; padding: 5px 5px 5px 10px; font: normal normal normal 14px/28px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; border-right: 2px solid #cfcfcf; margin-right: -5px; color: #3e3e3e } .diagnostic-test-result .inputbx { position: relative; background: #dfdfdf; border-radius: 0 8px 8px 0; border: 0; opacity: 1; padding: 5px 10px; width: 216px; margin: 0 auto 20px 0; display: inline-block; font: normal normal normal 14px/28px 'Open Sans', sans-serif } .diagnostic-test-result .test-column { width: 530px; margin: 0 auto; align-items: center } .diagnostic-test-result #result-slider { margin-right: 16px; margin-bottom: 20px } .diagnostic-test-result .full .rs-tooltip { top: 63%; left: 80% } .score-wrap { text-align: center; width: 373px; margin: 0 auto 50px } .score-ttl { font: normal normal bold 16px/30px 'Open Sans', sans-serif } .score-num { color: #68ad3d; font: normal normal 600 56px/54px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; padding-bottom: 10px } .total-ques-wrap { border-top: 1px solid #d9d9d9; border-bottom: 1px solid #d9d9d9; width: 373px; margin: 0 auto 10px; display: flex; justify-content: space-between } .totalQues { width: 50%; border-right: 1px solid #d9d9d9; padding: 7px 0 10px } .totalQues p, .ques-attempted p { font: normal normal 600 16px/24px 'Open Sans', sans-serif } .totalQues span { color: #006fb9; font: normal normal bold 30px/30px 'Open Sans', sans-serif } .ques-attempted { padding: 7px 0 10px } .ques-attempted span { color: #f16911; font: normal normal bold 30px/30px 'Open Sans', sans-serif } .score-text { font: normal normal 600 14px/24px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; text-align: left } .bar-flex-wrap { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; margin-bottom: 15px } .bar-flex-wrap span { font: normal normal bold 20px/24px 'Open Sans', sans-serif } .score-bar { background: #d9d9d9; width: 92%; height: 8px; position: relative } .correct-score { background: #68ad3d; position: absolute; left: 0; height: 8px } .incorrect-score { background: #d80404; position: absolute; left: 0; height: 8px } .weekly-score .list-wrap ul li a span { margin-right: auto; padding-left: 15px; padding-right: 0 } .weekly-score .list-wrap ul li a .physics-img { margin: 0 -5px } .physics-text { color: #8d72a1; font: normal normal bold 20px/24px 'Open Sans', sans-serif } .maths-text { color: #668c80; font: normal normal bold 20px/24px 'Open Sans', sans-serif } .weekly-accordion input { position: absolute; opacity: 0; z-index: -1 } .weekly-accordion input[type="radio"] { opacity: 1; z-index: 1; position: relative } .weekly-label { position: relative; background: #fff; box-shadow: 0 3px 6px #00000029; border: 2px solid #006fb9; border-radius: 9px; display: block; width: 100%; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; padding: 8px 15px; color: #3e3e3e; font: normal normal 600 16px/28px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; cursor: pointer } input:checked+.weekly-label::after { -webkit-transform: rotate(270deg); transform: rotate(270deg); right: 4px } .weekly-label::after { content: "\203A"; width: 1em; height: 1em; text-align: center; -webkit-transition: all .35s; transition: all .35s; font-weight: 100; font-size: 30px; -webkit-transform: rotate(90deg); transform: rotate(90deg); color: #006fb9; opacity: .8; position: absolute; right: 8px } input:checked~.weekly-accord-content { max-height: 100%; padding: 10px 0; opacity: 1 } .weekly-accord-content { max-height: 0; padding: 0; color: #2c3e50; -webkit-transition: all .35s; transition: all .35s; font: 400 16px/28px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; opacity: 0; margin: 0 } .weekly-box-wrap { display: flex; justify-content: center; flex-wrap: wrap } .weekly-box { width: 369px; height: 229px; background: #fff; box-shadow: 0 3px 10px #00000029; border: 2px solid #8d72a1; border-radius: 16px; margin: 0 5px 10px; text-align: center; padding: 14px } .weekly-box h3 { padding-bottom: 10px; line-height: 20px } .physics-box { color: #8d72a1 } .flex-box { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; width: 320px; margin: 0 auto 5px } .total-div, .question-div { color: #3e3e3e; font: normal normal 600 16px/24px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; padding: 0 30px } .total-div { border-right: 1px solid #d9d9d9; padding-right: 70px } .question-div { padding-left: 45px } .physics-box .total-div span { color: #8d72a1; font: normal normal bold 30px/24px 'Open Sans', sans-serif } .question-div span { color: #bababa; font: normal normal bold 30px/24px 'Open Sans', sans-serif } .weekly-box .bar-flex-wrap { margin-bottom: 5px } .weekly-box .bar-flex-wrap span { color: #3e3e3e } .maths-box { color: #668c80 } .maths-box .total-div span { color: #668c80; font: normal normal bold 30px/24px 'Open Sans', sans-serif } .weekly-accord-content h2 { color: #8d72a1; font: normal normal bold 18px/54px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; text-align: center } .weekly-accord-content .test-flex { margin-top: 20px } .mock-test-tabs { background: #d9d9d9 } .mock-test-tabs .comm-tabs { width: 420px; margin: 0 auto } .mock-test-tabs .comm-tabs button { width: 138px; border: 0; background: 0 } .mock-test-tabs .comm-tabs button.active { background: #006fb9 } .mock-test-tabs .comm-tabs button.active:nth-of-type(2n) { background: #006fb9 } .mock-test-tabs .comm-tabs button:nth-of-type(2n) { background: #efefef } .mock-test-tabs .comm-tabs .tablinks.active::after { bottom: -8px } .time-wrap { text-align: center; padding: 11px 0; font: normal normal normal 16px/24px 'Open Sans', sans-serif; display: flex; justify-content: center } .time-wrap #timer, .time-wrap #timer1, .time-wrap #timer2 { font: normal normal bold 16px/24px 'Open Sans', sans-serif } .time-wrap span { margin: 0 10px } .time-wrap #timer em, .time-wrap #timer1 em, .time-wrap #timer2 em { font-style: normal; padding-left: 5px } .jee-test .btn-wrap { border-top: 1px solid #ccc; border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 10px 0 } .gray-btn { background: transparent linear-gradient(90deg, #747373 0, #848484 100%) 0 0 no-repeat padding-box; box-shadow: 0 3px 9px #00000042; border-radius: 0 12px; color: #fff; text-align: center; padding: 10px 12px; font: bold 14px/17px 'Open Sans', sans-serif } .jee-test .legend { justify-content: flex-start } .jee-test .legend>div { margin-bottom: 10px } .jee-test .legend-answered { width: 53%; margin-right: 0; align-items: flex-start } .jee-test .legend-answered i { flex-shrink: 0; display: flex } input::-webkit-outer-spin-button, input::-webkit-inner-spin-button { -webkit-appearance: none; margin: 0 } input[type=number] { -moz-appearance: textfield } @media screen and (min-width:1024px) and (max-width:1200px) { .diagnostic-test .test-left-col { width: 730px } .diagnostic-test .quest-num-wrap { width: 730px } .diagnostic-test #questions .glide__arrows { width: 730px } } @media only screen and (max-width:1023px) { .list-wrap ul li { max-width: 338px; font: normal normal 600 14px/20px 'Open Sans', sans-serif } #selflex-wrap { flex-wrap: wrap; width: 100%; max-width: 586px; justify-content: center } #selflex-wrap .selbox-wrap { margin: 0 10px 20px } .ques-cont img { max-width: 100% } .test-flex { flex-direction: column } .test-left-col { width: 100%; margin-right: 0 } .quest-num-wrap { width: 100% } #questions .glide__arrows, .jee-test .questions .glide__arrows { width: 100% } .test-right-col { width: 100%; max-width: 336px; margin: 0 auto 30px } #ques-numbers .glide__arrows, .jee-test .ques-numbers .glide__arrows { width: 93% } #singlecol { width: 100% } #singlecol .quest-num-wrap { width: 100% } #input-ques-num { width: 50% } .diagnostic-test .test-left-col { width: 100% } .diagnostic-test .quest-num-wrap { width: 100% } .diagnostic-test #questions .glide__arrows { width: 100% } .diagnostic-test .test-right-col { width: 100% } .diagnostic-test #ques-numbers .item { width: 100% } .score-wrap { width: 100%; max-width: 373px } .total-ques-wrap { width: 100% } .totalQues p, .ques-attempted p { font: normal normal 600 14px/24px 'Open Sans', sans-serif } .weekly-box-wrap { flex-direction: column } .weekly-box { width: 96%; margin: 0 auto 20px; max-width: 369px } .flex-box { width: 100% } .total-div, .question-div { width: 45% } .total-div { padding-right: 0 } .question-div { padding-left: 0 } .score-bar { width: 90% } .mock-test-tabs .comm-tabs { width: 100%; justify-content: center } } @media only screen and (max-width:767px) { .list-cent-wrap { width: 70% } .test-column { flex-direction: column } #result-slider { margin: 0 auto 20px } .test-right { width: 96%; margin: 0 auto; max-width: 341px } #testModal .btn-wrap { flex-direction: column } .blue-btn { margin-bottom: 20px } .diagnostic-test-result .test-column { width: 100% } .diagnostic-test-result #result-slider { margin-right: 0; margin-left: 0 } .diagnostic-test-result .test-right { margin-bottom: 20px } } </style> <script> var pageData = {}; var pageUrl = "https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-8-saq"; var siteUrl = "https://www.topperlearning.com/"; var elementId = "26"; var boardId = "110"; var classId = "7"; var subjectId = ""; var questionType = ""; var chapterId = ""; var topicId= ""; var isVideo= ""; var videoTypeCheck= ""; var videoLevel = "" var contentId = ""; var isStaticContent = ""; var isConsumption = ""; var seoTitle = `ICSE Class 8 Short Answer Questions Online - TopperLearning`; var pdfData = {}; var videoData = {}; var htmlContentConsumption = 0; var isMobile = window.innerWidth < 1024; var showAds = localStorage.getItem('showAds') == null ? 1 : localStorage.getItem('showAds'); showAds = parseInt(showAds); </script> <!-- Google Tag Manager --> <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-W48MRLD');</script> <!-- End Google Tag Manager --> <!-- Google Analytics --> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-3228942-5"></script> <script> // setTimeout(function(){ // var gaScript = document.createElement('script'); // gaScript.src = "https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-3228942-5"; // gaScript.async=true; // var head = document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0]; // // insert the script element at the beginning of the head tag // head.insertBefore(gaScript, head.firstChild); // }, 5000); </script> <script> window.addEventListener("scroll", function(){ var gptJsScript = document.createElement('script'); gptJsScript.async = true; gptJsScript.src = "https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js"; document.head.appendChild(gptJsScript); }, { once: true }); </script> <script> var selectTag ='h1'; var htmlMethod = 'afterend'; </script> <script> document.addEventListener('touchstart', function(){ if(isMobile && showAds == 1){ let h1Tag = document.querySelector(selectTag); if(h1Tag){ let adHTML = '<div class="max-container ad-banner"><a href="https://click.onatrack.in/c?o=19578024&m=3376&a=414456" target="_blank" style="margin:0 auto" title="Click On Track"><img src="'+siteUrl+'assets/v1/images/dbs-250x250.jpg" onclick="oneNativeAds()" alt="Topper Ad" width="250" height="250"></a></div>'; h1Tag.insertAdjacentHTML(htmlMethod, adHTML); } } },{ once: true }); function oneNativeAds(){ gtag("event", "click", {"event_category": "OneNativeAds","event_label": "DBS"}); } </script> <!-- Global site tag (gtag.js) - Google Analytics --> <script> // setTimeout(function(){ window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'UA-3228942-5'); // }, 5000); </script> <!-- End Google Analytics --> <!-- googletag object --> <script> window.googletag = window.googletag || { cmd: [] }; googletag.cmd.push(function() { // // googletag.pubads().setTargeting('meta_keywords', { // json_encode: explode(",", $metaTags['keywords']) // }); // googletag.pubads().setTargeting('title_name', `ICSE Class 8 Short Answer Questions Online - TopperLearning` ); googletag.pubads().setTargeting('page_url', "https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-8-saq"); googletag.pubads().setTargeting('DFP', "okay"); googletag.pubads().enableSingleRequest(); googletag.enableServices(); /*setTimeout(function(){ googletag.pubads().refresh(); }, 2000);*/ }); </script> <!-- End googletag object --> <script data-cfasync="false"> window.addEventListener("scroll", function(){ (function(w, d) { var s = d.createElement('script'); s.src = '//cdn.adpushup.com/43005/adpushup.js'; s.crossOrigin = 'anonymous'; s.type = 'text/javascript'; s.async = true; (d.getElementsByTagName('head')[0] || d.getElementsByTagName('body')[0]).appendChild(s); w.adpushup = w.adpushup || { que: [] }; })(window, document); }, {once: true}); </script> </head> <body> <!-- Google Tag Manager (noscript) --> <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-W48MRLD" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript> <!-- End Google Tag Manager (noscript) --> <div id="overlay" onclick="closeMobileNav()"></div> <header> <div class="header-login-wrap"> <div class="header-left"> <div id="mobile-menu" class="hamburger" onclick="openMobileNav();"> <span class="bar1"></span> <span class="bar2"></span> <span class="bar3"></span> </div> <div class="logo"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/" title="TopperLearning"> <svg id="Component_19_161" data-name="Component 19 – 16" width="159" height="48" viewBox="0 0 122 37.116"><g id="Group_31" data-name="Group 3" transform="translate(0 0)"> <g id="Group_16121" data-name="Group 1612" transform="translate(0 0)"> <g id="Group_16131" data-name="Group 1613" transform="translate(0 0)"> <path id="Path_4189" data-name="Path 418" d="M11.586,5.374V24.405H5.248V5.374H0V0H16.834V5.374Z" transform="translate(0 0)" fill="#1b80c3"/> <path id="Path_4190" data-name="Path 419" d="M237.74,24.406V0h9.705a11.886,11.886,0,0,1,4.679.853,6.532,6.532,0,0,1,3.106,2.656,8.555,8.555,0,0,1,1.1,4.521q0,4.236-2.2,6.26t-6.449,2.023h-3.6v8.093Zm6.338-19.284v6.07h1.075a9.14,9.14,0,0,0,3.43-.489q1.138-.489,1.138-2.475a3.184,3.184,0,0,0-.585-2.112,2.464,2.464,0,0,0-1.486-.836,15.293,15.293,0,0,0-2.5-.158Z" transform="translate(-191.784 0)" fill="#1b80c3"/> <path id="Path_4201" data-name="Path 420" d="M340.084,24.406V0h9.705a11.889,11.889,0,0,1,4.679.853,6.532,6.532,0,0,1,3.106,2.656,8.553,8.553,0,0,1,1.1,4.521q0,4.236-2.2,6.26t-6.449,2.023h-3.6v8.093Zm6.338-19.284v6.07H347.5a9.14,9.14,0,0,0,3.43-.489q1.138-.489,1.138-2.475a3.184,3.184,0,0,0-.585-2.112,2.464,2.464,0,0,0-1.486-.836,15.293,15.293,0,0,0-2.5-.158Z" transform="translate(-274.344 0)" fill="#1b80c3"/> <path id="Path_4211" data-name="Path 421" d="M456.322,5.374h-7.556V9.452h7.16v5.374h-7.16v4.2h7.556v5.374H442.428V0h13.894Z" transform="translate(-356.904 0)" fill="#1b80c3"/> <path id="Path_4221" data-name="Path 422" d="M538.759,14.4,546.425,24.4h-7.9l-5.975-9.389h-.079V24.4h-6.339V0h9.484a11.169,11.169,0,0,1,4.379.814,6.528,6.528,0,0,1,3.019,2.5,7.564,7.564,0,0,1,1.091,4.2,7.986,7.986,0,0,1-.624,3.169,6.164,6.164,0,0,1-4.718,3.722m-6.291-9.547v6.086h.616a6.882,6.882,0,0,0,3.177-.64A2.447,2.447,0,0,0,537.494,7.9a2.46,2.46,0,0,0-1.233-2.418,6.957,6.957,0,0,0-3.177-.632Z" transform="translate(-424.425 0.001)" fill="#1b80c3"/> <path id="Path_4231" data-name="Path 423" d="M103.553,1.705a12.988,12.988,0,1,0,12.988,12.988A12.989,12.989,0,0,0,103.553,1.705" transform="translate(-73.057 -1.375)" fill="#f48020" fill-rule="evenodd"/> <path id="Path_4240" data-name="Path 424" d="M132.942,28.715l-5.656-1.087L124.5,22.585l-2.781,5.043-5.656,1.087,3.937,4.2-.715,5.715,5.215-2.446,5.215,2.446L129,32.919Z" transform="translate(-93.631 -18.219)" fill="#fff" fill-rule="evenodd"/> <path id="Path_4250" data-name="Path 425" d="M240.348,160.662h3.121v.821h-4.1v-7.214h.977Z" transform="translate(-193.1 -124.448)" fill="#8897a7"/> <path id="Path_4260" data-name="Path 426" d="M289.338,154.269v.8h-3.463v2.4h2.8v.765h-2.8v2.462h3.463v.8h-4.445v-7.214Z" transform="translate(-229.822 -124.447)" fill="#8897a7"/> <path id="Path_4270" data-name="Path 427" d="M336.4,161.483h-.755a.325.325,0,0,1-.212-.065.4.4,0,0,1-.121-.166l-.674-1.742H331.4l-.675,1.742a.4.4,0,0,1-.121.161.322.322,0,0,1-.211.07h-.755l2.884-7.214h.992Zm-4.727-2.678h2.693l-1.133-2.935a5.471,5.471,0,0,1-.216-.679q-.055.206-.108.38t-.1.3Z" transform="translate(-265.915 -124.448)" fill="#8897a7"/> <path id="Path_4280" data-name="Path 428" d="M389.568,158.472v3.011H388.6v-7.214h2.039a4.455,4.455,0,0,1,1.183.139,2.26,2.26,0,0,1,.823.4,1.6,1.6,0,0,1,.481.632,2.116,2.116,0,0,1,.156.828,2.075,2.075,0,0,1-.121.715,1.888,1.888,0,0,1-.35.6,2.091,2.091,0,0,1-.559.45,2.765,2.765,0,0,1-.748.282,1.03,1.03,0,0,1,.322.307l2.1,2.865h-.866a.427.427,0,0,1-.393-.206L390.8,158.7a.542.542,0,0,0-.186-.174.673.673,0,0,0-.3-.053Zm0-.71h1.022a2.487,2.487,0,0,0,.753-.1,1.53,1.53,0,0,0,.544-.292,1.209,1.209,0,0,0,.33-.451,1.472,1.472,0,0,0,.111-.579,1.149,1.149,0,0,0-.426-.972,2.056,2.056,0,0,0-1.266-.327h-1.067Z" transform="translate(-313.478 -124.447)" fill="#8897a7"/> <path id="Path_4290" data-name="Path 429" d="M441.066,154.3a.5.5,0,0,1,.143.133l4.178,5.437q-.015-.131-.02-.254c0-.082,0-.162,0-.239v-5.11h.855v7.214h-.493a.419.419,0,0,1-.194-.04.481.481,0,0,1-.154-.136l-4.173-5.432c.007.084.012.166.015.246s.005.154.005.222v5.14h-.856v-7.214h.5a.439.439,0,0,1,.194.033" transform="translate(-355.243 -124.448)" fill="#8897a7"/> <rect id="Rectangle_2670" data-name="Rectangle 267" width="0.977" height="7.214" transform="translate(96.543 29.821)" fill="#8897a7"/> <path id="Path_4301" data-name="Path 430" d="M533.934,154.3a.5.5,0,0,1,.143.133l4.178,5.437c-.01-.087-.017-.172-.02-.254s0-.162,0-.239v-5.11h.856v7.214h-.493a.419.419,0,0,1-.194-.04.479.479,0,0,1-.154-.136l-4.173-5.432c.007.084.012.166.015.246s.005.154.005.222v5.14h-.856v-7.214h.5a.438.438,0,0,1,.194.033" transform="translate(-430.159 -124.448)" fill="#8897a7"/> <path id="Path_4310" data-name="Path 431" d="M592.816,160.438a4.759,4.759,0,0,0,.536-.028,3.368,3.368,0,0,0,.461-.083,3.131,3.131,0,0,0,.408-.133q.192-.078.383-.179v-1.591h-1.117a.212.212,0,0,1-.154-.055.181.181,0,0,1-.058-.136v-.554h2.215v2.769a3.962,3.962,0,0,1-.566.342,3.866,3.866,0,0,1-.629.244,4.559,4.559,0,0,1-.717.146,6.756,6.756,0,0,1-.831.048,3.748,3.748,0,0,1-1.44-.269,3.312,3.312,0,0,1-1.128-.755,3.434,3.434,0,0,1-.737-1.165,4.1,4.1,0,0,1-.264-1.5,4.19,4.19,0,0,1,.26-1.505,3.235,3.235,0,0,1,1.9-1.918,4.165,4.165,0,0,1,1.528-.267,4.727,4.727,0,0,1,.8.063,3.731,3.731,0,0,1,.682.181,3.182,3.182,0,0,1,.581.287,3.569,3.569,0,0,1,.5.38l-.277.443a.254.254,0,0,1-.222.136.357.357,0,0,1-.176-.055q-.126-.07-.282-.171a2.4,2.4,0,0,0-.38-.194,3.055,3.055,0,0,0-.529-.159,3.493,3.493,0,0,0-.723-.065,2.93,2.93,0,0,0-1.1.2,2.336,2.336,0,0,0-.84.569,2.519,2.519,0,0,0-.534.9,3.523,3.523,0,0,0-.186,1.181,3.582,3.582,0,0,0,.194,1.221,2.58,2.58,0,0,0,.546.909,2.36,2.36,0,0,0,.836.569,2.814,2.814,0,0,0,1.068.2" transform="translate(-475.285 -124.112)" fill="#8897a7"/> </g> </g> </g> </svg> </a> </div> </div> <div class="header-right"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/doubts-solutions/all-questions/" class="ask-doubt-link"><span class="ate-text">Ask a Doubt</span> <span><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 20.302 19.382"> <g id="ask-a-doubt" transform="translate(1.15 1.15)"> <path id="Union_7" data-name="Union 7" d="M8384.251-141.365H8377a3,3,0,0,1-3-3V-151a3,3,0,0,1,3-3h12a3,3,0,0,1,3,3v6.636a3,3,0,0,1-3,3h-.4l-3.325,3.4Z" transform="translate(-8373.999 153.999)" fill="none" stroke="#f16911" stroke-width="2.3"/> </g> </svg></span> </a> </a> <div class="cart-link"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/store/make_payment" title="Cart"> <svg width="17.14" height="16" viewBox="0 0 18.14 17" fill="#1B80C3"> <path id="cart" d="M12.75,16a1.067,1.067,0,1,1,1.062-1.067A1.066,1.066,0,0,1,12.75,16ZM7.438,16A1.067,1.067,0,1,1,8.5,14.933,1.066,1.066,0,0,1,7.438,16Zm5.844-3.2H7.438a2.132,2.132,0,0,1-2.125-2.134L4.25,4.267h.006l-1.068-3.2H.531A.533.533,0,0,1,.531,0h3.44L5.3,4.267H17l-1.594,6.4A2.132,2.132,0,0,1,13.282,12.8ZM5.489,5.333l.885,5.333a1.066,1.066,0,0,0,1.063,1.067h5.844a1.066,1.066,0,0,0,1.062-1.067l1.328-5.333Z" transform="translate(0.5 0.5)" fill="none" stroke="#1B80C3" stroke-width="1"/> </svg> <span class="cart-number-wrap" id="cart-number" style="display: none;"></span> </a> </div> <div class="search-wrap"> <div class="gcse-search" id="cse"> <input type="text" id="cseInput" class="srh-input" placeholder="Search"> <button class="ic-search" aria-label="Search"><svg height="20px" viewBox="0 0 20 20" width="20px" fill="#fff"><path d="M0 0h24v24H0V0z" fill="none"/><path d="M15.5 14h-.79l-.28-.27C15.41 12.59 16 11.11 16 9.5 16 5.91 13.09 3 9.5 3S3 5.91 3 9.5 5.91 16 9.5 16c1.61 0 3.09-.59 4.23-1.57l.27.28v.79l5 4.99L20.49 19l-4.99-5zm-6 0C7.01 14 5 11.99 5 9.5S7.01 5 9.5 5 14 7.01 14 9.5 11.99 14 9.5 14z"/></svg></button> </div> </div> <button class="search" data-target="searchModal" onclick="popOpen('searchModal')" data-toggle="popup-overlay" id="mobileSearchBtn" title="Search" name="Search"> <svg height="20px" viewBox="0 0 20 20" width="20px" fill="#848484"><path d="M0 0h24v24H0V0z" fill="none"/><path d="M15.5 14h-.79l-.28-.27C15.41 12.59 16 11.11 16 9.5 16 5.91 13.09 3 9.5 3S3 5.91 3 9.5 5.91 16 9.5 16c1.61 0 3.09-.59 4.23-1.57l.27.28v.79l5 4.99L20.49 19l-4.99-5zm-6 0C7.01 14 5 11.99 5 9.5S7.01 5 9.5 5 14 7.01 14 9.5 11.99 14 9.5 14z"/></svg> </button> <div class="bfl-box" id="bfl-box"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/sign-in" class="login-link">Login</a> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/sign-up" class="signup-link">Sign Up</a> </div> <div class="afl-box" id="afl-box" style="display: none;text-align: left;"> <div class="hd-profile-pic"> <img src="https://www.topperlearning.com/assets/v1/images/guest-user.svg" alt="profile photo" title="" width="63" height="63" loading="lazy"> </div> <div class="user-detls"> <div class="user"> <span>Hello</span> <div class="username" id="usernameDesktop"></div> </div> <div class="dwn-arrow"> </div> </div> <div class="user-menu"> <!-- <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/my-profile">Profile</a> --> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/dashboard">Dashboard</a> <button onclick="logout()">Logout</button> </div> </div> <div class="net18-logo"> <img src="https://www.topperlearning.com/assets/v1/images/nw18.svg" alt="Network 18" width="28" height="25"> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="header-flex-wrap"> <nav class="header-menu"> <ul class="flex-space"> <li > <button>Boards</button> <ul class="submenu"> <li > <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse">CBSE</a> <ul class="innermenu top-space"> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/junior-class-1">Class 1</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/junior-class-2">Class 2</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/junior-class-3">Class 3</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/junior-class-4">Class 4</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/junior-class-5">Class 5</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-6">Class 6</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-7">Class 7</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-8">Class 8</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-9">Class 9</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-10">Class 10</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-11-science">Class 11 Science</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-11-commerce">Class 11 Commerce</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-12-science">Class 12 Science</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-12-commerce">Class 12 Commerce</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li > <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse">ICSE</a> <ul class="innermenu top-space"> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/junior-class-1">Class 1</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/junior-class-2">Class 2</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/junior-class-3">Class 3</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/junior-class-4">Class 4</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/junior-class-5">Class 5</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-6">Class 6</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-7">Class 7</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-8">Class 8</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-9">Class 9</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-10">Class 10</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li > <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/maharashtra">Maharashtra</a> <ul class="innermenu top-space"> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/junior-class-1">Class 1</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/junior-class-2">Class 2</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/junior-class-3">Class 3</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/junior-class-4">Class 4</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/junior-class-5">Class 5</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/maharashtra-class-6">Class 6</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/maharashtra-class-7">Class 7</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/maharashtra-class-8">Class 8</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/maharashtra-class-9">Class 9</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/maharashtra-class-10">Class 10</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li > <button>NCERT Solutions</button> <ul class="submenu"> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-12-science">NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Science</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-12-commerce">NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Commerce</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-11-science">NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Science</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-11-commerce">NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Commerce</a> </li> <li > <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-10">NCERT Solutions for Class 10</a> <ul class="innermenu top-space"> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-10">NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths</a> </li> <li > <span>NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science</span> <ul class=""> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-10-biology">NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Biology</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-10-physics">NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Physics</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-10-chemistry">NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Chemistry</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-10-english">NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-10-hindi">NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Hindi</a> </li> <li > <span>NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science</span> <ul class=""> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-10-history">NCERT Solutions for Class 10 History</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-10-civics">NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Civics</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-10-geography">NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Geography</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li > <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-9">NCERT Solutions for Class 9</a> <ul class="innermenu top-space"> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-9-maths">NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Maths</a> </li> <li > <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/">NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science</a> <ul class=""> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-9-biology">NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Biology</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-9-physics">NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Physics</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-9-chemistry">NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Chemistry</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-9-english">NCERT Solutions for Class 9 English</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-9-hindi">NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Hindi</a> </li> <li > <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/">NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science</a> <ul class=""> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-9-history">NCERT Solutions for Class 9 History</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-9-civics">NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Civics</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-9-geography">NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Geography</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li > <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-8">NCERT Solutions for Class 8</a> <ul class="innermenu top-space"> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-8-maths">NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-8-science">NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-8-english">NCERT Solutions for Class 8 English</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-8-hindi">NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Hindi</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-8-history">NCERT Solutions for Class 8 History</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-8-civics">NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Civics</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-8-geography">NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Geography</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li > <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-7">NCERT Solutions for Class 7</a> <ul class="innermenu top-space"> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-7-maths">NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Maths</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-7-science">NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Science</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-7-english">NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-7-hindi">NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Hindi</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-7-history">NCERT Solutions for Class 7 History</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-7-civics">NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Civics</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-7-geography">NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Geography</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li > <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-6">NCERT Solutions for Class 6</a> <ul class="innermenu top-space"> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-6-maths">NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-6-science">NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Science</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-6-english">NCERT Solutions for Class 6 English</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-6-hindi">NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Hindi</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-6-history">NCERT Solutions for Class 6 History</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-6-civics">NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Civics</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-6-geography">NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Geography</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li > <button>Selina Solutions</button> <ul class="submenu"> <li > <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/selina-solutions/icse-class-10">Selina Solutions for Class 10</a> <ul class="innermenu "> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/selina-solutions/icse-class-10-maths">Selina Solutions for Class 10 Maths</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/selina-solutions/icse-class-10-physics">Selina Solutions for Class 10 Physics</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/selina-solutions/icse-class-10-chemistry">Selina Solutions for Class 10 Chemistry</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/selina-solutions/icse-class-10-biology">Selina Solutions for Class 10 Biology</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li > <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/selina-solutions/icse-class-9">Selina Solutions for Class 9</a> <ul class="innermenu "> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/selina-solutions/icse-class-9-maths">Selina Solutions for Class 9 Maths</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/selina-solutions/icse-class-9-physics">Selina Solutions for Class 9 Physics</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/selina-solutions/icse-class-9-chemistry">Selina Solutions for Class 9 Chemistry</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/selina-solutions/icse-class-9-biology">Selina Solutions for Class 9 Biology</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li > <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/selina-solutions/icse-class-8">Selina Solutions for Class 8</a> <ul class="innermenu "> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/selina-solutions/icse-class-8-maths">Selina Solutions for Class 8 Maths</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/selina-solutions/icse-class-8-physics">Selina Solutions for Class 8 Physics</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/selina-solutions/icse-class-8-chemistry">Selina Solutions for Class 8 Chemistry</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/selina-solutions/icse-class-8-biology">Selina Solutions for Class 8 Biology</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li > <button>Other Solutions</button> <ul class="submenu"> <li > <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/rd-sharma-solutions">RD Sharma Solutions</a> <ul class="innermenu "> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/rd-sharma-solutions/cbse-class-12-science">RD Sharma Class 12 Solutions</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/rd-sharma-solutions/cbse-class-11-science">RD Sharma Class 11 Solutions</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/rd-sharma-solutions/cbse-class-10">RD Sharma Class 10 Solutions</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/rd-sharma-solutions/cbse-class-9">RD Sharma Class 9 Solutions</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li > <span>R S Aggarwal And V Aggarwal Solutions</span> <ul class="innermenu "> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/r-s-aggarwal-and-v-aggarwal-solutions/cbse-class-10">R S Aggarwal And V Aggarwal Class 10 Solutions</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/r-s-aggarwal-and-v-aggarwal-solutions/cbse-class-9">R S Aggarwal And V Aggarwal Class 9 Solutions</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li > <span>Lakhmir Singh And Manjit Kaur Solutions</span> <ul class="innermenu "> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/lakhmir-singh-and-manjit-kaur-solutions/cbse-class-10">Lakhmir Singh And Manjit Kaur Class 10 Solutions</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/lakhmir-singh-and-manjit-kaur-solutions/cbse-class-9">Lakhmir Singh And Manjit Kaur Class 9 Solutions</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li > <span>P S Verma and V K Agarwal Solutions</span> <ul class="innermenu "> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/p-s-verma-and-v-k-agarwal-solutions/cbse-class-9">P S Verma and V K Agarwal Class 9 Solutions</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li > <span>Frank Solutions</span> <ul class="innermenu "> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/frank-solutions/icse-class-10">Frank Solutions for Class 10</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/frank-solutions/icse-class-9">Frank Solutions for Class 9</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li > <span>T S Grewal Solutions</span> <ul class="innermenu "> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/t-s-grewal-solutions/cbse-class-12-commerce">T S Grewal Solutions for class 12 commerce</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/t-s-grewal-solutions/cbse-class-11-commerce">T S Grewal Solutions for class 11 commerce</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li > <button>Study Materials</button> <ul class="submenu"> <li > <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse">CBSE</a> <ul class="innermenu top-space"> <li > <span>CBSE Sample Papers</span> <ul class="top-space"> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-6-sample-papers">CBSE Sample Papers for Class 6</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-7-sample-papers">CBSE Sample Papers for Class 7</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-8-sample-papers">CBSE Sample Papers for Class 8</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-9-sample-papers">CBSE Sample Papers for Class 9</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-10-sample-papers">CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-11-science-sample-papers">CBSE Sample Papers for Class 11 Science</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-11-commerce-sample-papers">CBSE Sample Papers for Class 11 Commerce</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-12-science-sample-papers">CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Science</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-12-commerce-sample-papers">CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Commerce</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li > <span>CBSE Revision Notes</span> <ul class="top-space"> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-6-revision-notes">CBSE Class 6 Revision Notes</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-7-revision-notes">CBSE Class 7 Revision Notes</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-8-revision-notes">CBSE Class 8 Revision Notes</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-9-revision-notes">CBSE Class 9 Revision Notes</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-10-revision-notes">CBSE Class 10 Revision Notes</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-11-science-revision-notes">CBSE Class 11 Science Revision Notes</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-11-commerce-revision-notes">CBSE Class 11 Commerce Revision Notes</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-12-science-revision-notes">CBSE Class 12 Science Revision Notes</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-12-commerce-revision-notes">CBSE Class 12 Commerce Revision Notes</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li > <span>CBSE MCQs</span> <ul class="top-space"> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-6-mcq">CBSE MCQs for Class 6</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-7-mcq">CBSE MCQs for Class 7</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-8-mcq">CBSE MCQs for Class 8</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-9-mcq">CBSE MCQs for Class 9</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-10-mcq">CBSE MCQs for Class 10</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-11-science-mcq">CBSE MCQs for Class 11 Science </a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-11-commerce-mcq">CBSE MCQs for Class 11 Commerce </a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-12-science-mcq">CBSE MCQs for Class 12 Science </a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-12-commerce-mcq">CBSE MCQs for Class 12 Commerce </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li > <span>CBSE Video Lessons</span> <ul class="top-space"> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-6-videos">CBSE Video Lessons for Class 6</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-7-videos">CBSE Video Lessons for Class 7</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-8-videos">CBSE Video Lessons for Class 8</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-9-videos">CBSE Video Lessons for Class 9</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-10-videos">CBSE Video Lessons for Class 10</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-11-science-videos">CBSE Video Lessons for Class 11 Science</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-11-commerce-videos">CBSE Video Lessons for Class 11 Commerce</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-12-science-videos">CBSE Video Lessons for Class 12 Science</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-12-commerce-videos">CBSE Video Lessons for Class 12 Commerce</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li > <span>CBSE Syllabus</span> <ul class="top-space"> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-6-syllabus">CBSE Syllabus for Class 6</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-7-syllabus">CBSE Syllabus for Class 7</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-8-syllabus">CBSE Syllabus for Class 8</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-9-syllabus">CBSE Syllabus for Class 9</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-10-syllabus">CBSE Syllabus for Class 10</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-11-science-syllabus">CBSE Syllabus for Class 11 Science</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-11-commerce-syllabus">CBSE Syllabus for Class 11 Commerce</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-12-science-syllabus">CBSE Syllabus for Class 12 Science</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-12-commerce-syllabus">CBSE Syllabus for Class 12 Commerce</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li > <span>CBSE Fill in the Blanks</span> <ul class="top-space"> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-6-fib">CBSE Fill in the Blanks for Class 6</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-7-fib">CBSE Fill in the Blanks for Class 7</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-8-fib">CBSE Fill in the Blanks for Class 8</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-9-fib">CBSE Fill in the Blanks for Class 9</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-10-fib">CBSE Fill in the Blanks for Class 10</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li > <span>CBSE Important Questions</span> <ul class="top-space"> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-6-miq">CBSE Important Questions for Class 6</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-7-miq">CBSE Important Questions for Class 7</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-8-miq">CBSE Important Questions for Class 8</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-9-miq">CBSE Important Questions for Class 9</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-10-miq">CBSE Important Questions for Class 10</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-11-science-miq">CBSE Important Questions for Class 11 science</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-11-commerce-miq">CBSE Important Questions for Class 11 commerce</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-12-science-miq">CBSE Important Questions for Class 12 science</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-12-commerce-miq">CBSE Important Questions for Class 12 commerce</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li > <span>CBSE Subjective Questions</span> <ul class="top-space"> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-6-saq">CBSE Subjective Questions for Class 6</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-7-saq">CBSE Subjective Questions for Class 7</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-8-saq">CBSE Subjective Questions for Class 8</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-9-saq">CBSE Subjective Questions for Class 9</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-10-saq">CBSE Subjective Questions for Class 10</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-11-science-saq">CBSE Subjective Questions for Class 11 science</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-11-commerce-saq">CBSE Subjective Questions for Class 11 commerce</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-12-science-saq">CBSE Subjective Questions for Class 12 science</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-12-commerce-saq">CBSE Subjective Questions for Class 12 commerce</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li > <span>CBSE Practice Test</span> <ul class="top-space"> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-6-practice-test">CBSE Practice Test for Class 6</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-7-practice-test">CBSE Practice Test for Class 7</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-8-practice-test">CBSE Practice Test for Class 8</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-9-practice-test">CBSE Practice Test for Class 9</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-10-practice-test">CBSE Practice Test for Class 10</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-11-science-practice-test">CBSE Practice Test for Class 11 science</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-11-commerce-practice-test">CBSE Practice Test for Class 11 commerce</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-12-science-practice-test">CBSE Practice Test for Class 12 science</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-12-commerce-practice-test">CBSE Practice Test for Class 12 commerce</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li > <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse">ICSE</a> <ul class="innermenu top-space"> <li > <span>ICSE Sample Papers</span> <ul class="top-space"> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-6-sample-papers">ICSE Sample Papers for Class 6</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-7-sample-papers">ICSE Sample Papers for Class 7</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-8-sample-papers">ICSE Sample Papers for Class 8</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-9-sample-papers">ICSE Sample Papers for Class 9</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-10-sample-papers">ICSE Sample Papers for Class 10</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li > <span>ICSE Video Lessons</span> <ul class="top-space"> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-6-videos">ICSE Video Lessons for Class 6</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-7-videos">ICSE Video Lessons for Class 7</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-8-videos">ICSE Video Lessons for Class 8</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-9-videos">ICSE Video Lessons for Class 9</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-10-videos">ICSE Video Lessons for Class 10</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li > <span>ICSE Revision Notes</span> <ul class="top-space"> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-6-revision-notes">ICSE Class 6 Revision Notes</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-7-revision-notes">ICSE Class 7 Revision Notes</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-8-revision-notes">ICSE Class 8 Revision Notes</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-9-revision-notes">ICSE Class 9 Revision Notes</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-10-revision-notes">ICSE Class 10 Revision Notes</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li > <span>ICSE Syllabus</span> <ul class="top-space"> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-6-syllabus">ICSE Syllabus for Class 6</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-7-syllabus">ICSE Syllabus for Class 7</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-8-syllabus">ICSE Syllabus for Class 8</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-9-syllabus">ICSE Syllabus for Class 9</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-10-syllabus">ICSE Syllabus for Class 10</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li > <span>ICSE Important Questions</span> <ul class="top-space"> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-6-miq">ICSE Important Questions for Class 6</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-7-miq">ICSE Important Questions for Class 7</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-8-miq">ICSE Important Questions for Class 8</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-9-miq">ICSE Important Questions for Class 9</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-10-miq">ICSE Important Questions for Class 10</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li > <span>ICSE MCQs</span> <ul class="top-space"> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-6-mcq">ICSE MCQs for Class 6</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-7-mcq">ICSE MCQs for Class 7</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-8-mcq">ICSE MCQs for Class 8</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-9-mcq">ICSE MCQs for Class 9</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-10-mcq">ICSE MCQs for Class 10</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li > <span>ICSE True or False</span> <ul class="top-space"> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-6-tnf">ICSE True or False for Class 6</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-7-tnf">ICSE True or False for Class 7</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-8-tnf">ICSE True or False for Class 8</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-9-tnf">ICSE True or False for Class 9</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-10-tnf">ICSE True or False for Class 10</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li > <span>ICSE Subjective Questions</span> <ul class="top-space"> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-6-saq">ICSE Subjective Questions for Class 6</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-7-saq">ICSE Subjective Questions for Class 7</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-8-saq">ICSE Subjective Questions for Class 8</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-9-saq">ICSE Subjective Questions for Class 9</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-10-saq">ICSE Subjective Questions for Class 10</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li > <span>ICSE Practice Test</span> <ul class="top-space"> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-6-practice-test">ICSE Practice Test for Class 6</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-7-practice-test">ICSE Practice Test for Class 7</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-8-practice-test">ICSE Practice Test for Class 8</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-9-practice-test">ICSE Practice Test for Class 9</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-10-practice-test">ICSE Practice Test for Class 10</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li > <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/jee">JEE Main</a> <ul class="innermenu top-space"> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/jee/diagnostic-test">JEE Main Diagnostic Test</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/jee/mock-test">JEE Main Mock Test</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/jee/videos">JEE Main Video Lessons</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/jee/main-previous-year-papers">JEE Main Previous Year Question Papers</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/jee/webinar">JEE Main Webinar</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/jee/main-syllabus">JEE Main Syllabus</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/jee/advanced-syllabus">JEE Advanced Syllabus</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li > <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/neet">NEET</a> <ul class="innermenu top-space"> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/neet/diagnostic-test">NEET Diagnostic Test</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/neet/mock-test">NEET Mock Test</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/neet/videos">NEET Video Lessons</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/neet/previous-year-papers">NEET Previous Year Question Papers</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/neet/syllabus">NEET Syllabus</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li > <span>Foundation</span> <ul class="innermenu "> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/foundation-class-9">class 9</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/foundation-class-10">class 10</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li > <button>Entrance Exams</button> <ul class="submenu"> <li > <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/jee">JEE Main</a> <ul class="innermenu "> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/jee/chemistry">Chemistry</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/jee/maths">Maths</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/jee/physics">Physics</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li > <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/neet">NEET</a> <ul class="innermenu "> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/neet/biology">Biology</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/neet/chemistry">Chemistry</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/neet/physics">Physics</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li > <button>Explore</button> <ul class="submenu"> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/about-us">About Us</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/doubts-solutions/all-questions/">Ask a Doubt</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/testimonials">Testimonials</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/topper-faculty">Our Faculties</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/careers">Careers</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/blog">Blog</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/contact-us">Contact Us</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="no-arrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/partner-program">Become a Partner</a> </li> <li class="no-arrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/store">Pricing</a> </li> </ul> </nav> <nav id="menu-mobile" class="header-menu"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/" class="homelink" title="Home"><svg height="24px" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="24px" fill="#fff"><path d="M0 0h24v24H0V0z" fill="none"/><path d="M12 5.69l5 4.5V18h-2v-6H9v6H7v-7.81l5-4.5M12 3L2 12h3v8h6v-6h2v6h6v-8h3L12 3z"/></svg></a> <ul class="flex-space"> <li> <button data-target="cbseModal" onclick = "popOpen('cbseModal')" data-toggle="popup-overlay">CBSE</button> </li> <li> <button data-target="icseModal" onclick = "popOpen('icseModal')" data-toggle="popup-overlay">ICSE</button> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/jee">JEE Main</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/neet">NEET</a> </li> <li class="noArrow"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/store">PRICING</a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> <div class="req-call-wrap"> <div id="req-label" class="req-label" onclick="reqCall();"><span class="req-text">Request a call back</span> <em><svg height="22px" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="22px" fill="#FFFFFF"><path d="M0 0h24v24H0V0z" fill="none"/><path d="M7.41 8.59L12 13.17l4.59-4.58L18 10l-6 6-6-6 1.41-1.41z"/></svg></em></div> <div id="req-content" class="req-content"> <p>Join NOW to get access to exclusive study material for best results</p> <form onsubmit="requestCallBack(this);return false;"> <input type="text" class="inputsmbx" placeholder="+91" disabled> <input type="text" name="phone_number" placeholder="Mobile number" class="inputbx" maxlength="10" required> <input type="hidden" name="url" value="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-8-saq"> <button class="org-btn">CALL ME NOW</button> </form> </div> </div> </header> <div id="mbnav" class="nav-box"> <div class="user-info"> <div class="flex-start"> <div class="user-img-wrap"><img src="https://www.topperlearning.com/assets/v1/images/blank-img.jpg" alt="User" title="User" width="26" height="27" loading="lazy"></div> <div id="bl-user-details" class="user-details"> <div class="user-name">Guest User</div> </div> <div id="al-user-details" class="user-details" style="display: none"> <div class="user-name" id="usernameMobile"></div> <div class="board-name" id="userBoardClassMobile"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="bl-login-wrap" class="login-wrap"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/sign-in" class="org-btn login-btn">LOG IN</a> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/sign-up" class="blue-btn signup-btn">SIGN UP</a> </div> <div id="al-login-wrap" class="login-wrap" style="display: none"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/my-profile" class="org-btn login-btn">VIEW PROFILE</a> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/dashboard" class="org-btn login-btn">DASHBOARD</a> <button class="blue-btn login-btn" onclick="logout()">LOGOUT</button> </div> <nav class="mobile-nav"> <ul> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="itemboards" name="itemboards" hidden=""> <label for="itemboards" class="menu-label">Boards</label> <ul class="flevel-menu"> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="flevel-item-boards-cbse" name="flevel-item--boards-cbse" hidden=""> <label for="flevel-item-boards-cbse" class="menu-label">CBSE</label> <ul class="seclevel-menu"> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/junior-class-1" class="noarrow">Class 1</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/junior-class-2" class="noarrow">Class 2</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/junior-class-3" class="noarrow">Class 3</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/junior-class-4" class="noarrow">Class 4</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/junior-class-5" class="noarrow">Class 5</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-6" class="noarrow">Class 6</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-7" class="noarrow">Class 7</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-8" class="noarrow">Class 8</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-9" class="noarrow">Class 9</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-10" class="noarrow">Class 10</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-11-science" class="noarrow">Class 11 Science</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-11-commerce" class="noarrow">Class 11 Commerce</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-12-science" class="noarrow">Class 12 Science</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-12-commerce" class="noarrow">Class 12 Commerce</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="flevel-item-boards-icse" name="flevel-item--boards-icse" hidden=""> <label for="flevel-item-boards-icse" class="menu-label">ICSE</label> <ul class="seclevel-menu"> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/junior-class-1" class="noarrow">Class 1</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/junior-class-2" class="noarrow">Class 2</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/junior-class-3" class="noarrow">Class 3</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/junior-class-4" class="noarrow">Class 4</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/junior-class-5" class="noarrow">Class 5</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-6" class="noarrow">Class 6</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-7" class="noarrow">Class 7</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-8" class="noarrow">Class 8</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-9" class="noarrow">Class 9</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-10" class="noarrow">Class 10</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="flevel-item-boards-0" name="flevel-item--boards-0" hidden=""> <label for="flevel-item-boards-0" class="menu-label">Maharashtra</label> <ul class="seclevel-menu"> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/junior-class-1" class="noarrow">Class 1</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/junior-class-2" class="noarrow">Class 2</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/junior-class-3" class="noarrow">Class 3</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/junior-class-4" class="noarrow">Class 4</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/junior-class-5" class="noarrow">Class 5</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/maharashtra-class-6" class="noarrow">Class 6</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/maharashtra-class-7" class="noarrow">Class 7</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/maharashtra-class-8" class="noarrow">Class 8</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/maharashtra-class-9" class="noarrow">Class 9</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/maharashtra-class-10" class="noarrow">Class 10</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="item0" name="item0" hidden=""> <label for="item0" class="menu-label">NCERT Solutions</label> <ul class="flevel-menu"> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-12-science" class="noarrow">NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Science</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-12-commerce" class="noarrow">NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Commerce</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-11-science" class="noarrow">NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Science</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-11-commerce" class="noarrow">NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Commerce</a> </li> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="flevel-item-0-4" name="flevel-item--0-4" hidden=""> <label for="flevel-item-0-4" class="menu-label">NCERT Solutions for Class 10</label> <ul class="seclevel-menu"> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-10" class="noarrow">NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths</a> </li> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="slevel-item-0-4-1" name="slevel-item0-4-1" hidden=""> <label for="slevel-item-0-4-1" class="menu-label">NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science</label> <ul class="seclevel-menu"> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-10-biology" class="noarrow">NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Biology</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-10-physics" class="noarrow">NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Physics</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-10-chemistry" class="noarrow">NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Chemistry</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-10-english" class="noarrow">NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-10-hindi" class="noarrow">NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Hindi</a> </li> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="slevel-item-0-4-4" name="slevel-item0-4-4" hidden=""> <label for="slevel-item-0-4-4" class="menu-label">NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science</label> <ul class="seclevel-menu"> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-10-history" class="noarrow">NCERT Solutions for Class 10 History</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-10-civics" class="noarrow">NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Civics</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-10-geography" class="noarrow">NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Geography</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="flevel-item-0-5" name="flevel-item--0-5" hidden=""> <label for="flevel-item-0-5" class="menu-label">NCERT Solutions for Class 9</label> <ul class="seclevel-menu"> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-9-maths" class="noarrow">NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Maths</a> </li> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="slevel-item-0-5-1" name="slevel-item0-5-1" hidden=""> <label for="slevel-item-0-5-1" class="menu-label">NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science</label> <ul class="seclevel-menu"> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-9-biology" class="noarrow">NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Biology</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-9-physics" class="noarrow">NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Physics</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-9-chemistry" class="noarrow">NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Chemistry</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-9-english" class="noarrow">NCERT Solutions for Class 9 English</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-9-hindi" class="noarrow">NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Hindi</a> </li> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="slevel-item-0-5-4" name="slevel-item0-5-4" hidden=""> <label for="slevel-item-0-5-4" class="menu-label">NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science</label> <ul class="seclevel-menu"> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-9-history" class="noarrow">NCERT Solutions for Class 9 History</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-9-civics" class="noarrow">NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Civics</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-9-geography" class="noarrow">NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Geography</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="flevel-item-0-6" name="flevel-item--0-6" hidden=""> <label for="flevel-item-0-6" class="menu-label">NCERT Solutions for Class 8</label> <ul class="seclevel-menu"> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-8-maths" class="noarrow">NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-8-science" class="noarrow">NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-8-english" class="noarrow">NCERT Solutions for Class 8 English</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-8-hindi" class="noarrow">NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Hindi</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-8-history" class="noarrow">NCERT Solutions for Class 8 History</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-8-civics" class="noarrow">NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Civics</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-8-geography" class="noarrow">NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Geography</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="flevel-item-0-7" name="flevel-item--0-7" hidden=""> <label for="flevel-item-0-7" class="menu-label">NCERT Solutions for Class 7</label> <ul class="seclevel-menu"> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-7-maths" class="noarrow">NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Maths</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-7-science" class="noarrow">NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Science</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-7-english" class="noarrow">NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-7-hindi" class="noarrow">NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Hindi</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-7-history" class="noarrow">NCERT Solutions for Class 7 History</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-7-civics" class="noarrow">NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Civics</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-7-geography" class="noarrow">NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Geography</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="flevel-item-0-8" name="flevel-item--0-8" hidden=""> <label for="flevel-item-0-8" class="menu-label">NCERT Solutions for Class 6</label> <ul class="seclevel-menu"> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-6-maths" class="noarrow">NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Maths</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-6-science" class="noarrow">NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Science</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-6-english" class="noarrow">NCERT Solutions for Class 6 English</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-6-hindi" class="noarrow">NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Hindi</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-6-history" class="noarrow">NCERT Solutions for Class 6 History</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-6-civics" class="noarrow">NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Civics</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions/cbse-class-6-geography" class="noarrow">NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Geography</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="item1" name="item1" hidden=""> <label for="item1" class="menu-label">Selina Solutions</label> <ul class="flevel-menu"> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="flevel-item-1-0" name="flevel-item--1-0" hidden=""> <label for="flevel-item-1-0" class="menu-label">Selina Solutions for Class 10</label> <ul class="seclevel-menu"> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/selina-solutions/icse-class-10-maths" class="noarrow">Selina Solutions for Class 10 Maths</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/selina-solutions/icse-class-10-physics" class="noarrow">Selina Solutions for Class 10 Physics</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/selina-solutions/icse-class-10-chemistry" class="noarrow">Selina Solutions for Class 10 Chemistry</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/selina-solutions/icse-class-10-biology" class="noarrow">Selina Solutions for Class 10 Biology</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="flevel-item-1-1" name="flevel-item--1-1" hidden=""> <label for="flevel-item-1-1" class="menu-label">Selina Solutions for Class 9</label> <ul class="seclevel-menu"> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/selina-solutions/icse-class-9-maths" class="noarrow">Selina Solutions for Class 9 Maths</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/selina-solutions/icse-class-9-physics" class="noarrow">Selina Solutions for Class 9 Physics</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/selina-solutions/icse-class-9-chemistry" class="noarrow">Selina Solutions for Class 9 Chemistry</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/selina-solutions/icse-class-9-biology" class="noarrow">Selina Solutions for Class 9 Biology</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="flevel-item-1-2" name="flevel-item--1-2" hidden=""> <label for="flevel-item-1-2" class="menu-label">Selina Solutions for Class 8</label> <ul class="seclevel-menu"> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/selina-solutions/icse-class-8-maths" class="noarrow">Selina Solutions for Class 8 Maths</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/selina-solutions/icse-class-8-physics" class="noarrow">Selina Solutions for Class 8 Physics</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/selina-solutions/icse-class-8-chemistry" class="noarrow">Selina Solutions for Class 8 Chemistry</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/selina-solutions/icse-class-8-biology" class="noarrow">Selina Solutions for Class 8 Biology</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="item2" name="item2" hidden=""> <label for="item2" class="menu-label">Other Solutions</label> <ul class="flevel-menu"> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="flevel-item-2-0" name="flevel-item--2-0" hidden=""> <label for="flevel-item-2-0" class="menu-label">RD Sharma Solutions</label> <ul class="seclevel-menu"> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/rd-sharma-solutions/cbse-class-12-science" class="noarrow">RD Sharma Class 12 Solutions</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/rd-sharma-solutions/cbse-class-11-science" class="noarrow">RD Sharma Class 11 Solutions</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/rd-sharma-solutions/cbse-class-10" class="noarrow">RD Sharma Class 10 Solutions</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/rd-sharma-solutions/cbse-class-9" class="noarrow">RD Sharma Class 9 Solutions</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="flevel-item-2-1" name="flevel-item--2-1" hidden=""> <label for="flevel-item-2-1" class="menu-label">R S Aggarwal And V Aggarwal Solutions</label> <ul class="seclevel-menu"> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/r-s-aggarwal-and-v-aggarwal-solutions/cbse-class-10" class="noarrow">R S Aggarwal And V Aggarwal Class 10 Solutions</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/r-s-aggarwal-and-v-aggarwal-solutions/cbse-class-9" class="noarrow">R S Aggarwal And V Aggarwal Class 9 Solutions</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="flevel-item-2-2" name="flevel-item--2-2" hidden=""> <label for="flevel-item-2-2" class="menu-label">Lakhmir Singh And Manjit Kaur Solutions</label> <ul class="seclevel-menu"> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/lakhmir-singh-and-manjit-kaur-solutions/cbse-class-10" class="noarrow">Lakhmir Singh And Manjit Kaur Class 10 Solutions</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/lakhmir-singh-and-manjit-kaur-solutions/cbse-class-9" class="noarrow">Lakhmir Singh And Manjit Kaur Class 9 Solutions</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="flevel-item-2-3" name="flevel-item--2-3" hidden=""> <label for="flevel-item-2-3" class="menu-label">P S Verma and V K Agarwal Solutions</label> <ul class="seclevel-menu"> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/p-s-verma-and-v-k-agarwal-solutions/cbse-class-9" class="noarrow">P S Verma and V K Agarwal Class 9 Solutions</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="flevel-item-2-4" name="flevel-item--2-4" hidden=""> <label for="flevel-item-2-4" class="menu-label">Frank Solutions</label> <ul class="seclevel-menu"> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/frank-solutions/icse-class-10" class="noarrow">Frank Solutions for Class 10</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/frank-solutions/icse-class-9" class="noarrow">Frank Solutions for Class 9</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="flevel-item-2-5" name="flevel-item--2-5" hidden=""> <label for="flevel-item-2-5" class="menu-label">T S Grewal Solutions</label> <ul class="seclevel-menu"> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/t-s-grewal-solutions/cbse-class-12-commerce" class="noarrow">T S Grewal Solutions for class 12 commerce</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/t-s-grewal-solutions/cbse-class-11-commerce" class="noarrow">T S Grewal Solutions for class 11 commerce</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="item3" name="item3" hidden=""> <label for="item3" class="menu-label">Study Materials</label> <ul class="flevel-menu"> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="flevel-item-3-0" name="flevel-item--3-0" hidden=""> <label for="flevel-item-3-0" class="menu-label">CBSE</label> <ul class="seclevel-menu"> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="slevel-item-3-0-0" name="slevel-item3-0-0" hidden=""> <label for="slevel-item-3-0-0" class="menu-label">CBSE Sample Papers</label> <ul class="seclevel-menu"> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-6-sample-papers" class="noarrow">CBSE Sample Papers for Class 6</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-7-sample-papers" class="noarrow">CBSE Sample Papers for Class 7</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-8-sample-papers" class="noarrow">CBSE Sample Papers for Class 8</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-9-sample-papers" class="noarrow">CBSE Sample Papers for Class 9</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-10-sample-papers" class="noarrow">CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-11-science-sample-papers" class="noarrow">CBSE Sample Papers for Class 11 Science</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-11-commerce-sample-papers" class="noarrow">CBSE Sample Papers for Class 11 Commerce</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-12-science-sample-papers" class="noarrow">CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Science</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-12-commerce-sample-papers" class="noarrow">CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Commerce</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="slevel-item-3-0-1" name="slevel-item3-0-1" hidden=""> <label for="slevel-item-3-0-1" class="menu-label">CBSE Revision Notes</label> <ul class="seclevel-menu"> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-6-revision-notes" class="noarrow">CBSE Class 6 Revision Notes</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-7-revision-notes" class="noarrow">CBSE Class 7 Revision Notes</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-8-revision-notes" class="noarrow">CBSE Class 8 Revision Notes</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-9-revision-notes" class="noarrow">CBSE Class 9 Revision Notes</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-10-revision-notes" class="noarrow">CBSE Class 10 Revision Notes</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-11-science-revision-notes" class="noarrow">CBSE Class 11 Science Revision Notes</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-11-commerce-revision-notes" class="noarrow">CBSE Class 11 Commerce Revision Notes</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-12-science-revision-notes" class="noarrow">CBSE Class 12 Science Revision Notes</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-12-commerce-revision-notes" class="noarrow">CBSE Class 12 Commerce Revision Notes</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="slevel-item-3-0-2" name="slevel-item3-0-2" hidden=""> <label for="slevel-item-3-0-2" class="menu-label">CBSE MCQs</label> <ul class="seclevel-menu"> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-6-mcq" class="noarrow">CBSE MCQs for Class 6</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-7-mcq" class="noarrow">CBSE MCQs for Class 7</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-8-mcq" class="noarrow">CBSE MCQs for Class 8</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-9-mcq" class="noarrow">CBSE MCQs for Class 9</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-10-mcq" class="noarrow">CBSE MCQs for Class 10</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-11-science-mcq" class="noarrow">CBSE MCQs for Class 11 Science </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-11-commerce-mcq" class="noarrow">CBSE MCQs for Class 11 Commerce </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-12-science-mcq" class="noarrow">CBSE MCQs for Class 12 Science </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-12-commerce-mcq" class="noarrow">CBSE MCQs for Class 12 Commerce </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="slevel-item-3-0-3" name="slevel-item3-0-3" hidden=""> <label for="slevel-item-3-0-3" class="menu-label">CBSE Video Lessons</label> <ul class="seclevel-menu"> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-6-videos" class="noarrow">CBSE Video Lessons for Class 6</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-7-videos" class="noarrow">CBSE Video Lessons for Class 7</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-8-videos" class="noarrow">CBSE Video Lessons for Class 8</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-9-videos" class="noarrow">CBSE Video Lessons for Class 9</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-10-videos" class="noarrow">CBSE Video Lessons for Class 10</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-11-science-videos" class="noarrow">CBSE Video Lessons for Class 11 Science</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-11-commerce-videos" class="noarrow">CBSE Video Lessons for Class 11 Commerce</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-12-science-videos" class="noarrow">CBSE Video Lessons for Class 12 Science</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-12-commerce-videos" class="noarrow">CBSE Video Lessons for Class 12 Commerce</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="slevel-item-3-0-4" name="slevel-item3-0-4" hidden=""> <label for="slevel-item-3-0-4" class="menu-label">CBSE Syllabus</label> <ul class="seclevel-menu"> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-6-syllabus" class="noarrow">CBSE Syllabus for Class 6</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-7-syllabus" class="noarrow">CBSE Syllabus for Class 7</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-8-syllabus" class="noarrow">CBSE Syllabus for Class 8</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-9-syllabus" class="noarrow">CBSE Syllabus for Class 9</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-10-syllabus" class="noarrow">CBSE Syllabus for Class 10</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-11-science-syllabus" class="noarrow">CBSE Syllabus for Class 11 Science</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-11-commerce-syllabus" class="noarrow">CBSE Syllabus for Class 11 Commerce</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-12-science-syllabus" class="noarrow">CBSE Syllabus for Class 12 Science</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-12-commerce-syllabus" class="noarrow">CBSE Syllabus for Class 12 Commerce</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="slevel-item-3-0-5" name="slevel-item3-0-5" hidden=""> <label for="slevel-item-3-0-5" class="menu-label">CBSE Fill in the Blanks</label> <ul class="seclevel-menu"> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-6-fib" class="noarrow">CBSE Fill in the Blanks for Class 6</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-7-fib" class="noarrow">CBSE Fill in the Blanks for Class 7</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-8-fib" class="noarrow">CBSE Fill in the Blanks for Class 8</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-9-fib" class="noarrow">CBSE Fill in the Blanks for Class 9</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-10-fib" class="noarrow">CBSE Fill in the Blanks for Class 10</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="slevel-item-3-0-6" name="slevel-item3-0-6" hidden=""> <label for="slevel-item-3-0-6" class="menu-label">CBSE Important Questions</label> <ul class="seclevel-menu"> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-6-miq" class="noarrow">CBSE Important Questions for Class 6</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-7-miq" class="noarrow">CBSE Important Questions for Class 7</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-8-miq" class="noarrow">CBSE Important Questions for Class 8</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-9-miq" class="noarrow">CBSE Important Questions for Class 9</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-10-miq" class="noarrow">CBSE Important Questions for Class 10</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-11-science-miq" class="noarrow">CBSE Important Questions for Class 11 science</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-11-commerce-miq" class="noarrow">CBSE Important Questions for Class 11 commerce</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-12-science-miq" class="noarrow">CBSE Important Questions for Class 12 science</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-12-commerce-miq" class="noarrow">CBSE Important Questions for Class 12 commerce</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="slevel-item-3-0-7" name="slevel-item3-0-7" hidden=""> <label for="slevel-item-3-0-7" class="menu-label">CBSE Subjective Questions</label> <ul class="seclevel-menu"> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-6-saq" class="noarrow">CBSE Subjective Questions for Class 6</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-7-saq" class="noarrow">CBSE Subjective Questions for Class 7</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-8-saq" class="noarrow">CBSE Subjective Questions for Class 8</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-9-saq" class="noarrow">CBSE Subjective Questions for Class 9</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-10-saq" class="noarrow">CBSE Subjective Questions for Class 10</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-11-science-saq" class="noarrow">CBSE Subjective Questions for Class 11 science</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-11-commerce-saq" class="noarrow">CBSE Subjective Questions for Class 11 commerce</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-12-science-saq" class="noarrow">CBSE Subjective Questions for Class 12 science</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-12-commerce-saq" class="noarrow">CBSE Subjective Questions for Class 12 commerce</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="slevel-item-3-0-8" name="slevel-item3-0-8" hidden=""> <label for="slevel-item-3-0-8" class="menu-label">CBSE Practice Test</label> <ul class="seclevel-menu"> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-6-practice-test" class="noarrow">CBSE Practice Test for Class 6</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-7-practice-test" class="noarrow">CBSE Practice Test for Class 7</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-8-practice-test" class="noarrow">CBSE Practice Test for Class 8</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-9-practice-test" class="noarrow">CBSE Practice Test for Class 9</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-10-practice-test" class="noarrow">CBSE Practice Test for Class 10</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-11-science-practice-test" class="noarrow">CBSE Practice Test for Class 11 science</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-11-commerce-practice-test" class="noarrow">CBSE Practice Test for Class 11 commerce</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-12-science-practice-test" class="noarrow">CBSE Practice Test for Class 12 science</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-12-commerce-practice-test" class="noarrow">CBSE Practice Test for Class 12 commerce</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="flevel-item-3-1" name="flevel-item--3-1" hidden=""> <label for="flevel-item-3-1" class="menu-label">ICSE</label> <ul class="seclevel-menu"> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="slevel-item-3-1-0" name="slevel-item3-1-0" hidden=""> <label for="slevel-item-3-1-0" class="menu-label">ICSE Sample Papers</label> <ul class="seclevel-menu"> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-6-sample-papers" class="noarrow">ICSE Sample Papers for Class 6</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-7-sample-papers" class="noarrow">ICSE Sample Papers for Class 7</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-8-sample-papers" class="noarrow">ICSE Sample Papers for Class 8</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-9-sample-papers" class="noarrow">ICSE Sample Papers for Class 9</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-10-sample-papers" class="noarrow">ICSE Sample Papers for Class 10</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="slevel-item-3-1-1" name="slevel-item3-1-1" hidden=""> <label for="slevel-item-3-1-1" class="menu-label">ICSE Video Lessons</label> <ul class="seclevel-menu"> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-6-videos" class="noarrow">ICSE Video Lessons for Class 6</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-7-videos" class="noarrow">ICSE Video Lessons for Class 7</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-8-videos" class="noarrow">ICSE Video Lessons for Class 8</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-9-videos" class="noarrow">ICSE Video Lessons for Class 9</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-10-videos" class="noarrow">ICSE Video Lessons for Class 10</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="slevel-item-3-1-2" name="slevel-item3-1-2" hidden=""> <label for="slevel-item-3-1-2" class="menu-label">ICSE Revision Notes</label> <ul class="seclevel-menu"> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-6-revision-notes" class="noarrow">ICSE Class 6 Revision Notes</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-7-revision-notes" class="noarrow">ICSE Class 7 Revision Notes</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-8-revision-notes" class="noarrow">ICSE Class 8 Revision Notes</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-9-revision-notes" class="noarrow">ICSE Class 9 Revision Notes</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-10-revision-notes" class="noarrow">ICSE Class 10 Revision Notes</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="slevel-item-3-1-3" name="slevel-item3-1-3" hidden=""> <label for="slevel-item-3-1-3" class="menu-label">ICSE Syllabus</label> <ul class="seclevel-menu"> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-6-syllabus" class="noarrow">ICSE Syllabus for Class 6</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-7-syllabus" class="noarrow">ICSE Syllabus for Class 7</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-8-syllabus" class="noarrow">ICSE Syllabus for Class 8</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-9-syllabus" class="noarrow">ICSE Syllabus for Class 9</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-10-syllabus" class="noarrow">ICSE Syllabus for Class 10</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="slevel-item-3-1-4" name="slevel-item3-1-4" hidden=""> <label for="slevel-item-3-1-4" class="menu-label">ICSE Important Questions</label> <ul class="seclevel-menu"> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-6-miq" class="noarrow">ICSE Important Questions for Class 6</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-7-miq" class="noarrow">ICSE Important Questions for Class 7</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-8-miq" class="noarrow">ICSE Important Questions for Class 8</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-9-miq" class="noarrow">ICSE Important Questions for Class 9</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-10-miq" class="noarrow">ICSE Important Questions for Class 10</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="slevel-item-3-1-5" name="slevel-item3-1-5" hidden=""> <label for="slevel-item-3-1-5" class="menu-label">ICSE MCQs</label> <ul class="seclevel-menu"> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-6-mcq" class="noarrow">ICSE MCQs for Class 6</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-7-mcq" class="noarrow">ICSE MCQs for Class 7</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-8-mcq" class="noarrow">ICSE MCQs for Class 8</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-9-mcq" class="noarrow">ICSE MCQs for Class 9</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-10-mcq" class="noarrow">ICSE MCQs for Class 10</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="slevel-item-3-1-6" name="slevel-item3-1-6" hidden=""> <label for="slevel-item-3-1-6" class="menu-label">ICSE True or False</label> <ul class="seclevel-menu"> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-6-tnf" class="noarrow">ICSE True or False for Class 6</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-7-tnf" class="noarrow">ICSE True or False for Class 7</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-8-tnf" class="noarrow">ICSE True or False for Class 8</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-9-tnf" class="noarrow">ICSE True or False for Class 9</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-10-tnf" class="noarrow">ICSE True or False for Class 10</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="slevel-item-3-1-7" name="slevel-item3-1-7" hidden=""> <label for="slevel-item-3-1-7" class="menu-label">ICSE Subjective Questions</label> <ul class="seclevel-menu"> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-6-saq" class="noarrow">ICSE Subjective Questions for Class 6</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-7-saq" class="noarrow">ICSE Subjective Questions for Class 7</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-8-saq" class="noarrow">ICSE Subjective Questions for Class 8</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-9-saq" class="noarrow">ICSE Subjective Questions for Class 9</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-10-saq" class="noarrow">ICSE Subjective Questions for Class 10</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="slevel-item-3-1-8" name="slevel-item3-1-8" hidden=""> <label for="slevel-item-3-1-8" class="menu-label">ICSE Practice Test</label> <ul class="seclevel-menu"> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-6-practice-test" class="noarrow">ICSE Practice Test for Class 6</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-7-practice-test" class="noarrow">ICSE Practice Test for Class 7</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-8-practice-test" class="noarrow">ICSE Practice Test for Class 8</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-9-practice-test" class="noarrow">ICSE Practice Test for Class 9</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-10-practice-test" class="noarrow">ICSE Practice Test for Class 10</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="flevel-item-3-2" name="flevel-item--3-2" hidden=""> <label for="flevel-item-3-2" class="menu-label">JEE Main</label> <ul class="seclevel-menu"> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/jee/diagnostic-test" class="noarrow">JEE Main Diagnostic Test</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/jee/mock-test" class="noarrow">JEE Main Mock Test</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/jee/videos" class="noarrow">JEE Main Video Lessons</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/jee/main-previous-year-papers" class="noarrow">JEE Main Previous Year Question Papers</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/jee/webinar" class="noarrow">JEE Main Webinar</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/jee/main-syllabus" class="noarrow">JEE Main Syllabus</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/jee/advanced-syllabus" class="noarrow">JEE Advanced Syllabus</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="flevel-item-3-3" name="flevel-item--3-3" hidden=""> <label for="flevel-item-3-3" class="menu-label">NEET</label> <ul class="seclevel-menu"> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/neet/diagnostic-test" class="noarrow">NEET Diagnostic Test</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/neet/mock-test" class="noarrow">NEET Mock Test</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/neet/videos" class="noarrow">NEET Video Lessons</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/neet/previous-year-papers" class="noarrow">NEET Previous Year Question Papers</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/neet/syllabus" class="noarrow">NEET Syllabus</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="flevel-item-3-4" name="flevel-item--3-4" hidden=""> <label for="flevel-item-3-4" class="menu-label">Foundation</label> <ul class="seclevel-menu"> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/foundation-class-9" class="noarrow">class 9</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/foundation-class-10" class="noarrow">class 10</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="item4" name="item4" hidden=""> <label for="item4" class="menu-label">Entrance Exams</label> <ul class="flevel-menu"> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="flevel-item-4-0" name="flevel-item--4-0" hidden=""> <label for="flevel-item-4-0" class="menu-label">JEE Main</label> <ul class="seclevel-menu"> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/jee/chemistry" class="noarrow">Chemistry</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/jee/maths" class="noarrow">Maths</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/jee/physics" class="noarrow">Physics</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="flevel-item-4-1" name="flevel-item--4-1" hidden=""> <label for="flevel-item-4-1" class="menu-label">NEET</label> <ul class="seclevel-menu"> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/neet/biology" class="noarrow">Biology</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/neet/chemistry" class="noarrow">Chemistry</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/neet/physics" class="noarrow">Physics</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul> <li> <input type="checkbox" id="item5" name="item5" hidden=""> <label for="item5" class="menu-label">Explore</label> <ul class="flevel-menu"> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/about-us" class="noarrow">About Us</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/doubts-solutions/all-questions/" class="noarrow">Ask a Doubt</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/testimonials" class="noarrow">Testimonials</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/topper-faculty" class="noarrow">Our Faculties</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/careers" class="noarrow">Careers</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/blog" class="noarrow">Blog</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/contact-us" class="noarrow">Contact Us</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/partner-program" class="noarrow">Become a Partner</a> </li> </ul> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/store" class="noarrow">Pricing</a> </li> </ul> </nav> <div class="view-package"> <button class="blue-btn">View Packages</button> </div> </div> <!-- Time spent on a page --> <input type="hidden" name="onPageTimer" value=""> <!-- end --> <div id="main-wrapper"> <script> if(showAds){ googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.defineSlot('/1039154/TOPLRN_ENG_DESKTOP/TOPLRN_ENG_STUDY_MATERIALS/TOPLRN_ENG_STUDY_MATERIALS_AS/TOPLRN_ENG_ROS_STUDY_AS_ATF_728', [[728,90],[970,90]], 'top-ad-banner') .addService(googletag.pubads()); }); } </script> <div class="max-container ad-banner" style="height: 90px"> <div id="top-ad-banner"> <script> if(showAds){ googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('top-ad-banner'); }); } </script> </div> </div> <div class="max-container breadcrumbs-wrap"> <script type="application/ld+json"> { "@context": "https://schema.org/", "@type": "BreadcrumbList", "itemListElement": [{ "@type": "ListItem", "position": 1, "name": "Home", "item": "https://www.topperlearning.com/" }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 2, "name": "ICSE", "item": "https://www.topperlearning.com/icse" },{ "@type": "ListItem", "position": 3, "name": "ICSE Class 8", "item": "https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-8" },{ "@type": "ListItem", "position": 3, "name": "Short Answer Questions", "item": "https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-8-saq" }] } </script> <div class="breadcrumbs"> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/">Home</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse">ICSE</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-8">Class 8</a></li> <li><span>Short Answer Questions</span></li> </ul> </div> <form onsubmit="favouritePage(this);return false;"> <input type="hidden" name="page_url" value="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-8-saq"> <input type="hidden" name="page_title" value="ICSE Class 8 Short Answer Questions Online - TopperLearning"> <button type="submit" id="js-bookmark"> <svg enable-background="new 0 0 24 24" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="16px" fill="#fff"> <g><path d="M0,0h24v24H0V0z" fill="none"/><path d="M0,0h24v24H0V0z" fill="none"/></g> <g><path d="M12,17.27L18.18,21l-1.64-7.03L22,9.24l-7.19-0.61L12,2L9.19,8.63L2,9.24l5.46,4.73L5.82,21L12,17.27z"/></g> </svg><span id="bk-text">Save</span> </button> </form> <!-- Login Popup --> <div class="popup-overlay" id="loginModalforFavouritePage"> <div class="modal-class"> <div class="close" onclick="popclose('loginModalforFavouritePage');"> <svg height="24" width="24" fill="#707070"><path d="M6.4 19 5 17.6 10.6 12 5 6.4 6.4 5 12 10.6 17.6 5 19 6.4 13.4 12 19 17.6 17.6 19 12 13.4Z"></path></svg> </div> <div class="modal-content"> <!-- <input type="text" placeholder="Search your Class" class="menu-input"> --> <div class="modal-title-main-div"> <h2 class="modal-title-main txtcenter"> Please Login or Sign up to continue! </h2> </div> <!-- <p class="txtcenter">Please Login or Sign up to continue!</p> --> <div class="btn-wrap"> <button class="org-btn" onclick="location.href ='https://www.topperlearning.com/sign-in'">LOGIN</button> <button class="blue-btn" onclick="location.href='https://www.topperlearning.com/sign-up'">SIGN UP</button> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- Login Popup --> </div> <section class="abt--tl-sec"> <div class="max-container"> <h1 class="page-title">ICSE Class 8 Short Answer Questions</h1> <div class="abt-desc wdauto"> <div class="rm-wrap" id="readMore3"> <div><p style="text-align: justify;">You can improve your exam scores by correctly answering the Short Answer Questions (SAQs) in your exam. To prepare for these questions, practise our <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-8-saq">ICSE Class 8 SAQs</a></span> and solutions. At TopperLearning, you will find Science Short Answer Questions, Mathematics Short Answer Questions and Social Science Short Answer Questions.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;">Our <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-8-saq">ICSE Class 8 SAQs</a></span> also include Hindi Vyakaran Short Answer Questions and English Short Answer Questions. When you read through the SAQ solutions by our subject experts, you relearn the important definitions and basic concepts from your syllabus. With 24/7 access to our SAQs, you can study well to score more marks in your exams.</p></div> </div> <button onclick="readMore(this, 'readMore3')" class="rm-btn">Read more +</button> </div> </div> </section> <section class="bg-gray pad30 chapter-notes chapter-notes"> <div class="max-container"> <h2 class="section-title"> Science SAQs</h2> <div class="list-wrap bg-gray pad30"> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-8-saq/biology"><span>Biology SAQs</span> <i class="bg-blue-arrow"><svg height="24px" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="24px" fill="#fff"><path d="M0 0h24v24H0V0z" fill="none"></path><path d="M8.59 16.59L13.17 12 8.59 7.41 10 6l6 6-6 6-1.41-1.41z"></path></svg></i></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-8-saq/chemistry"><span>Chemistry SAQs</span> <i class="bg-blue-arrow"><svg height="24px" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="24px" fill="#fff"><path d="M0 0h24v24H0V0z" fill="none"></path><path d="M8.59 16.59L13.17 12 8.59 7.41 10 6l6 6-6 6-1.41-1.41z"></path></svg></i></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-8-saq/physics"><span>Physics SAQs</span> <i class="bg-blue-arrow"><svg height="24px" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="24px" fill="#fff"><path d="M0 0h24v24H0V0z" fill="none"></path><path d="M8.59 16.59L13.17 12 8.59 7.41 10 6l6 6-6 6-1.41-1.41z"></path></svg></i></a></li> </ul> </div> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-8-saq/science" class="org-btn">VIEW ALL</a> </div> </section> <script> if(showAds){ googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.defineSlot('/1039154/TOPLRN_ENG_DESKTOP/TOPLRN_ENG_STUDY_MATERIALS/TOPLRN_ENG_STUDY_MATERIALS_AS/TOPLRN_ENG_ROS_STUDY_AS_BTF_728', [[970,250],[970,200],[970,90],[728,90]], '6743f543bd34a') .setCollapseEmptyDiv(true) .addService(googletag.pubads()); }); } </script> <div class="max-container ad-banner" style=""> <div id="6743f543bd34a"> <script> if(showAds){ googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('6743f543bd34a'); }); } </script> </div> </div> <section class="chapter-notes spacer chapter-notes"> <div class="max-container"> <h2 class="section-title"> Maths SAQs</h2> <div class="list-wrap pad30"> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-8-saq/maths"><span>Maths SAQs</span> <i class="bg-blue-arrow"><svg height="24px" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="24px" fill="#fff"><path d="M0 0h24v24H0V0z" fill="none"></path><path d="M8.59 16.59L13.17 12 8.59 7.41 10 6l6 6-6 6-1.41-1.41z"></path></svg></i></a></li> </ul> </div> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-8-saq/maths" class="org-btn">VIEW ALL</a> </div> </section> <section class="bg-gray pad30 chapter-notes chapter-notes"> <div class="max-container"> <h2 class="section-title"> Hindi SAQs</h2> <div class="list-wrap bg-gray pad30"> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-8-saq/vyakran"><span>Vyakran SAQs</span> <i class="bg-blue-arrow"><svg height="24px" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="24px" fill="#fff"><path d="M0 0h24v24H0V0z" fill="none"></path><path d="M8.59 16.59L13.17 12 8.59 7.41 10 6l6 6-6 6-1.41-1.41z"></path></svg></i></a></li> </ul> </div> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-8-saq/hindi" class="org-btn">VIEW ALL</a> </div> </section> <script> if(showAds){ googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.defineSlot('/1039154/TOPLRN_ENG_DESKTOP/TOPLRN_ENG_STUDY_MATERIALS/TOPLRN_ENG_STUDY_MATERIALS_AS/TOPLRN_ENG_ROS_STUDY_AS_BTF1_728', [[970,250],[970,200],[970,90],[728,90]], '6743f543bd39b') .setCollapseEmptyDiv(true) .addService(googletag.pubads()); }); } </script> <div class="max-container ad-banner" style=""> <div id="6743f543bd39b"> <script> if(showAds){ googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('6743f543bd39b'); }); } </script> </div> </div> <section class="chapter-notes spacer chapter-notes"> <div class="max-container"> <h2 class="section-title"> English SAQs</h2> <div class="list-wrap pad30"> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-8-saq/grammar"><span>Grammar SAQs</span> <i class="bg-blue-arrow"><svg height="24px" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="24px" fill="#fff"><path d="M0 0h24v24H0V0z" fill="none"></path><path d="M8.59 16.59L13.17 12 8.59 7.41 10 6l6 6-6 6-1.41-1.41z"></path></svg></i></a></li> </ul> </div> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-8-saq/english" class="org-btn">VIEW ALL</a> </div> </section> <section class="bg-gray pad30 chapter-notes chapter-notes"> <div class="max-container"> <h2 class="section-title"> Social Studies SAQs</h2> <div class="list-wrap bg-gray pad30"> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-8-saq/history-and-civics"><span>History and Civics SAQs</span> <i class="bg-blue-arrow"><svg height="24px" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="24px" fill="#fff"><path d="M0 0h24v24H0V0z" fill="none"></path><path d="M8.59 16.59L13.17 12 8.59 7.41 10 6l6 6-6 6-1.41-1.41z"></path></svg></i></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-8-saq/geography"><span>Geography SAQs</span> <i class="bg-blue-arrow"><svg height="24px" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="24px" fill="#fff"><path d="M0 0h24v24H0V0z" fill="none"></path><path d="M8.59 16.59L13.17 12 8.59 7.41 10 6l6 6-6 6-1.41-1.41z"></path></svg></i></a></li> </ul> </div> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-8-saq/social-studies" class="org-btn">VIEW ALL</a> </div> </section> <!--FAQ Section--> <!--FAQ Section--> </div> <div id="ROS_AS_PG_1x1"></div> <div id="ROS_AS_PG_SLIDER_1x1"></div> <div id="ROS_AS_SKIN_OOP"></div> <div id="ROS_AS_SHOSH_OOP"></div> <script> if(showAds){ googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.defineSlot('/1039154/TOPLRN_ENG_DESKTOP/TOPLRN_ENG_ROS/TOPLRN_ENG_ROS_AS/TOPLRN_ENG_ROS_AS_PG_1x1', [[1, 1]], 'ROS_AS_PG_1x1').addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.defineSlot('/1039154/TOPLRN_ENG_DESKTOP/TOPLRN_ENG_ROS/TOPLRN_ENG_ROS_AS/TOPLRN_ENG_ROS_AS_PG_SLIDER_1x1', [[1, 1]], 'ROS_AS_PG_SLIDER_1x1').addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.defineOutOfPageSlot('/1039154/TOPLRN_ENG_DESKTOP/TOPLRN_ENG_ROS/TOPLRN_ENG_ROS_AS/TOPLRN_ENG_ROS_AS_SKIN_OOP', 'ROS_AS_SKIN_OOP').addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.defineOutOfPageSlot('/1039154/TOPLRN_ENG_DESKTOP/TOPLRN_ENG_ROS/TOPLRN_ENG_ROS_AS/TOPLRN_ENG_ROS_AS_SHOSH_OOP', 'ROS_AS_SHOSH_OOP').addService(googletag.pubads()); }); }); } </script> <script> if(showAds){ googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('ROS_AS_PG_1x1'); }); googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('ROS_AS_PG_SLIDER_1x1'); }); googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('ROS_AS_SKIN_OOP'); }); googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('ROS_AS_SHOSH_OOP'); }); } </script> <!-- Back To Top --> <!-- Back To Top --> <div id="back2Top" title="Back to top" onclick="scrollToTop()"> <svg id="arrow-top" width="39" height="38" viewBox="0 0 39 38"> <defs> <linearGradient id="linear-gradient" x1="0.5" x2="0.5" y2="1" gradientUnits="objectBoundingBox"> <stop offset="0" stop-color="#0473bc"/> <stop offset="0.513" stop-color="#1e8bd2"/> <stop offset="1" stop-color="#36a1e7"/> </linearGradient> </defs> <g id="Group_1356" data-name="Group 1356" transform="translate(-365.127 397) rotate(-90)"> <path id="Path_332" data-name="Path 332" d="M19,0A19.255,19.255,0,0,1,38,19.5,19.255,19.255,0,0,1,19,39,19.255,19.255,0,0,1,0,19.5,19.255,19.255,0,0,1,19,0Z" transform="translate(359 365.127)" fill="url(#linear-gradient)"/> <g id="Group_1454" data-name="Group 1454" transform="translate(1 0.5)"> <path id="Path_158" data-name="Path 158" d="M3176.379,359.4l8.131,8.657-3.049,3.246-5.082,5.41" transform="translate(-2798.311 16.225)" fill="none" stroke="#fff" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-width="3"/> <path id="Path_334" data-name="Path 334" d="M9.136,0H1" transform="translate(374.235 384.296)" fill="none" stroke="#fff" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-width="3"/> <path id="Path_333" data-name="Path 333" d="M.831,0H0" transform="translate(368.5 384.296)" fill="none" stroke="#fff" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-width="3"/> </g> </g> </svg> </div> <!-- Back To Top --> <!-- Get in Touch --> <button id="getintouch" onclick="popOpen('getinModal')" title="Get in Touch"> <svg id="call" width="35" height="35" viewBox="0 0 35 35"> <defs> <linearGradient id="linear-gradient1" y1="0.5" x2="1" y2="0.5" gradientUnits="objectBoundingBox"> <stop offset="0" stop-color="#f16911"/> <stop offset="1" stop-color="#ff9140"/> </linearGradient> </defs> <path id="Rectangle_95" data-name="Rectangle 95" d="M0,0H29a6,6,0,0,1,6,6V29a6,6,0,0,1-6,6H0a0,0,0,0,1,0,0V0A0,0,0,0,1,0,0Z" fill="url(#linear-gradient1)"/> <path id="Path" d="M14.012,10.465H12.267a.486.486,0,0,0-.446.293L11.074,12.5a.4.4,0,0,1-.486.217,9.143,9.143,0,0,1-6.4-7.079.372.372,0,0,1,.235-.4l1.929-.825a.485.485,0,0,0,.294-.445V2.228A2.231,2.231,0,0,0,4.412,0H1.653A1.359,1.359,0,0,0,.33,1.032,13.086,13.086,0,0,0,0,3.972,12.473,12.473,0,0,0,.227,6.4a13.156,13.156,0,0,0,9.661,10.3,13.178,13.178,0,0,0,5.218.26,1.354,1.354,0,0,0,1.136-1.342V12.693a2.231,2.231,0,0,0-2.23-2.228Z" transform="translate(9.629 8.941)" fill="#fff"/> </svg> </button> <!-- Get in Touch --> <div class="max-container"> </div> <!-- Footer Section --> <footer> <div class="max-container footer-links-wrap"> <div class="ftr-column"> <div class="ftr-accordion"> <input type="checkbox" id="school" name="school" aria-label="school"> <label class="ftr-heading ftr-accordion-label" for="school">Boards</label> <ul class="ftr-accordion-content ftr-links"> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse">CBSE</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse">ICSE</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/maharashtra">Maharashtra</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="ftr-accordion"> <input type="checkbox" id="entrance" name="entrance" aria-label="entrance"> <label class="ftr-heading ftr-accordion-label" for="entrance">ENTRANCE EXAMS</label> <ul class="ftr-accordion-content ftr-links"> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/jee">JEE Main</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/neet">NEET</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="ftr-column"> <div class="ftr-accordion"> <input type="checkbox" id="foundation" name="foundation" aria-label="foundation"> <label class="ftr-heading ftr-accordion-label" for="foundation">Foundation</label> <ul class="ftr-accordion-content ftr-links"> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/foundation-class-9">Class 9</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/foundation-class-10">Class 10</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="ftr-accordion"> <input type="checkbox" id="study" name="study" aria-label="study"> <label class="ftr-heading ftr-accordion-label" for="study">STUDY RESOURCES</label> <ul class="ftr-accordion-content ftr-links"> <!--li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/learn/video-lessons">Video Lessons</a></li--> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/doubts-solutions/all-questions/">Ask a Doubt</a></li> <!--li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/learn/revision-notes">Revision Notes</a></li--> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/sample-papers">Sample Papers</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/previous-year-question-papers">Previous Year Question Papers</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="ftr-column"> <div class="ftr-accordion"> <input type="checkbox" id="textbook" name="textbook" aria-label="textbook"> <label class="ftr-heading ftr-accordion-label" for="textbook">FREE TEXTBOOK SOLUTIONS</label> <ul class="ftr-accordion-content ftr-links"> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/ncert-solutions">NCERT</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/rd-sharma-solutions">R.D Sharma</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/textbook-solutions?ps1">R.S Aggarwal and V. Aggarwal</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/textbook-solutions?ps1">Frank</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/selina-solutions">Selina</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/h-c-verma-solutions/cbse-class-12-science">H.C Verma</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/lakhmir-singh-and-manjit-kaur-solutions/cbse-class-10?ps1">Lakhmir Singh and Manjit Kaur</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/p-s-verma-and-v-k-agarwal-solutions/cbse-class-10-biology">P.S Verma and V.K Agarwal</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/t-s-grewal-solutions/cbse-class-11-commerce-accountancy">T.S Grewal</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="ftr-column"> <div class="ftr-accordion"> <input type="checkbox" id="quicklinks" name="quicklinks" aria-label="quicklinks"> <label class="ftr-heading ftr-accordion-label" for="quicklinks">QUICK LINKS</label> <ul class="ftr-accordion-content ftr-links"> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/blog">Blog</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/education-partner">Partner with us</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/franchisee">For Franchisee</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/tuition-center-solutions">For Tuition Center</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/private-tutor-solutions">For Private Tutor</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/school-solutions">For Schools</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/topper-faculty">Our Faculties</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/faq">FAQ's</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/sitemap">Site Map</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/about-us">About Us</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <!-- <div id="toppertv-accordion" class="ftr-column"> <div class="ftr-accordion"> <input type="checkbox" id="topper-tv" name="toppertv" aria-label="toppertv"> <label class="ftr-heading ftr-accordion-label" for="topper-tv">Topper TV</label> <ul class="ftr-accordion-content ftr-links"> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/topper-tv/schedule">Schedule</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/topper-tv/subscribe-main">Subscribe</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/topper-tv/shows">Shows</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/kid-company">KID Company</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> --> </div> <div class="footer-cont-info"> <div class="max-container footer-info-wrap"> <div class="ftr-left"> <div class="ftr-form-wrap"> <div class="gpay-column"> <h2 class="ftr-heading">DOWNLOAD OUR APP</h2> <img loading="lazy" src="https://www.topperlearning.com/assets/v1/images/qr-code.jpg" alt="QR Code" title="QR Code" width="55" height="55"> <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.topperlearning&amp;hl=en" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img loading="lazy" src="https://www.topperlearning.com/assets/v1/images/googleplay.png" alt="Googleplay" title="Googleplay" width="116" height="36"></a> </div> <div class="nws-column"> <h2 class="ftr-heading">NEWSLETTER</h2> <div class="nws-box-wrap"> <p>Get latest updates in your inbox</p> <form onsubmit="newsletterSubscription(this);return false;"> <div class="nws-input-wrap"> <input type="email" name="email" id="subscribe" placeholder="Your email id"> <button type="submit" class="btn-subscribe">Subscribe</button> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ftr-cont-wrap"> <!-- <div class="cont-info-wrap"> <div class="cont-call"> <a rel="noopener" target="_blank" href="https://wa.me/919321924448" class="whatsapp-icon"> <svg id="footer-call" width="47" height="47" viewBox="0 0 47 47"> <circle id="Ellipse_72" data-name="Ellipse 69" cx="23.5" cy="23.5" r="23.5" fill="#ff9140"/> <g id="Group_1471" data-name="Group 1471" transform="translate(12 11.368)"> <g id="Group_1480" data-name="Group 1480"> <g id="Layer2_0_FILL" data-name="Layer2 0 FILL"> <path id="Path_365" data-name="Path 353" d="M967.963,344.975a.984.984,0,0,0-.7.255l-3.361,3.05a1.115,1.115,0,0,0-.255.377,4.222,4.222,0,0,0,.422,4.1q4.351,9.827,15.073,15.34l.011.011a6,6,0,0,0,4.381.466.937.937,0,0,0,.532-.266l3.061-3.039a.962.962,0,0,0,.3-.71.973.973,0,0,0-.288-.71l-5.324-5.357a1.019,1.019,0,0,0-1.409-.011l-2.052,1.963a16.423,16.423,0,0,1-6.755-6.788l1.985-2.019a.95.95,0,0,0,.288-.7.986.986,0,0,0-.288-.71l-4.936-4.969a.981.981,0,0,0-.688-.288m-2.529,4.614,2.462-2.241,3.572,3.594-1.808,1.83a1.008,1.008,0,0,0-.277.555.966.966,0,0,0,.1.61,18.317,18.317,0,0,0,8.64,8.618.932.932,0,0,0,.588.078.92.92,0,0,0,.521-.255l1.852-1.775,3.926,3.949-2.13,2.119a4.314,4.314,0,0,1-2.684-.266l-.067-.033q-10.169-5.208-14.275-14.5a1.045,1.045,0,0,0-.089-.177A2.334,2.334,0,0,1,965.434,349.589Z" transform="translate(-963.306 -344.974)" fill="#fff"/> </g> </g> </g> </svg> <img src="https://www.topperlearning.com/assets/v1/images/ic-whatsapp.png" loading="lazy" alt="Whatsapp" width="23" height="23" class="ic-wts"> </a> </div> <div class="contact-info"> <h2 class="ftr-heading">CALL US / WHATSAPP</h2> <div class="cont-number">93219 24448</div> <div class="cont-time">9:00am - 9:00pm IST all days.</div> </div> </div> --> <div class="reg-office"> <h2 class="ftr-heading">REGISTERED OFFICE</h2> <div class="address">First Floor, Empire Complex, 414 Senapati Bapat Marg, Lower Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra India – 400013.</div> </div> <div class="stay-connect"> <h2 class="ftr-heading">STAY CONNECTED</h2> <div class="soc-wrap"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/Topperlearning.India" rel="nofollow noopener" class="soc-circle ic-fb" target="_blank" title="Facebook"> <svg width="28.408" height="28.326" viewBox="0 0 28.408 28.326"> <path id="Subtraction_13" data-name="Subtraction 13" d="M11.562,27.242h0a13.706,13.706,0,1,1,4.285,0V17.665h3.192l.608-3.962h-3.8V11.132a1.97,1.97,0,0,1,2.193-2.139h1.767V5.621a21.247,21.247,0,0,0-3.068-.268h-.146c-3.15.06-5.03,2.053-5.03,5.331V13.7H8.083v3.962h3.479v9.576Z" transform="translate(0.5 0.5)" fill="#395196" stroke="rgba(0,0,0,0)" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-width="1"/> </svg> </a> <a href="https://www.instagram.com/topperlearningindia/" rel="nofollow noopener" class="soc-circle ic-insta" target="_blank" title="Instagram"> <svg width="28.408" height="28.408" viewBox="0 0 28.408 28.408"> <defs> <radialGradient id="radial-gradient" cx="0.389" cy="0.756" r="1.068" gradientTransform="matrix(-0.467, 0.884, -0.884, -0.467, 1.239, 0.766)" gradientUnits="objectBoundingBox"> <stop offset="0" stop-color="#fed473"/> <stop offset="0.264" stop-color="#f35c28"/> <stop offset="0.399" stop-color="#dc2f79"/> <stop offset="0.734" stop-color="#a036ba"/> <stop offset="1" stop-color="#5b56c8"/> </radialGradient> </defs> <path id="Subtraction_11" data-name="Subtraction 11" d="M13.7,27.408A13.7,13.7,0,0,1,4.014,4.014a13.7,13.7,0,0,1,19.38,19.38A13.615,13.615,0,0,1,13.7,27.408ZM10.5,5.651A4.831,4.831,0,0,0,5.67,10.477v6.415A4.831,4.831,0,0,0,10.5,21.718H16.91a4.832,4.832,0,0,0,4.827-4.826V10.477A4.832,4.832,0,0,0,16.91,5.651ZM16.91,20.208H10.5a3.319,3.319,0,0,1-3.315-3.316V10.477A3.318,3.318,0,0,1,10.5,7.163H16.91a3.318,3.318,0,0,1,3.316,3.314v6.415A3.319,3.319,0,0,1,16.91,20.208ZM13.77,9.728a3.956,3.956,0,1,0,3.956,3.957A3.962,3.962,0,0,0,13.77,9.728ZM17.958,8.52a.942.942,0,1,0,.941.941A.943.943,0,0,0,17.958,8.52Zm-4.188,7.7A2.535,2.535,0,1,1,16.3,13.685,2.538,2.538,0,0,1,13.77,16.22Z" transform="translate(0.5 0.5)" stroke="rgba(0,0,0,0)" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-width="1" fill="url(#radial-gradient)"/> </svg> </a> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/topperlearning" rel="nofollow noopener" class="soc-circle ic-ytube" target="_blank" title="YouTube"> <svg width="28.408" height="28.408" viewBox="0 0 28.408 28.408"> <path id="Subtraction_12" data-name="Subtraction 12" d="M13.7,27.408A13.7,13.7,0,0,1,4.014,4.014a13.7,13.7,0,0,1,19.38,19.38A13.615,13.615,0,0,1,13.7,27.408ZM9.336,8.42a3.294,3.294,0,0,0-3.29,3.29v3.916a3.3,3.3,0,0,0,3.29,3.291h8.415a3.3,3.3,0,0,0,3.29-3.291V11.711a3.294,3.294,0,0,0-3.29-3.29Zm2.834,7.436h0c-.2,0-.5-.093-.5-.222V11.8c0-.134.3-.222.5-.222a.329.329,0,0,1,.157.03l3.612,1.966a.422.422,0,0,1,.22.29.108.108,0,0,1-.062.1l-3.773,1.867A.331.331,0,0,1,12.169,15.856Z" transform="translate(0.5 0.5)" fill="#d40c18" stroke="rgba(0,0,0,0)" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-width="1"/> </svg> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ftr-other-links"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/about-us">About Us</a> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/contact-us">Contact Us</a> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/topper-in-press">Topper In Press</a> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/terms-and-conditions">Terms and Conditions</a> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/privacy-policy">Privacy Policy</a> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/careers">Careers</a> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/testimonials">Testimonials</a> </div> </div> <!-- <div id="toppertv" class="ftr-right"> <h2 class="ftr-heading"><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/topper-tv" >Topper TV</a></h2> <ul class="ftr-links"> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/topper-tv/schedule">Schedule</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/topper-tv/subscribe-main">Subscribe</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/topper-tv/shows">Shows</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/kid-company">KID Company</a></li> </ul> </div> --> </div> </div> <div class="footer-network-sites"> <div id="nw18sites" class="max-container sites-wrap"> <div class="company-ttl">NETWORK18 SITES</div> <ul> <li><a href="https://hindi.news18.com/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">News18 India</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.news18.com/cricketnext/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">CricketNext</a></li> <li><a href="https://bengali.news18.com/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Bangla News</a></li> <li><a href="https://gujarati.news18.com/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Gujarati News</a></li> <li><a href="https://urdu.news18.com/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Urdu News</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.firstpost.com/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Firstpost</a></li> <li><a href="https://lokmat.news18.com/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Marathi News</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.moneycontrol.com/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Moneycontrol</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.compareindia.com/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Compare India</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.historyindia.com/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">History</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.mtvindia.com/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">India MTV</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="copyright-wrap"> <div class="max-container copy-cont-wrap"> <div class="copy-columns"> <div class="logos"> <a href="https://www.nw18.com/home" rel="noopener" class="nw18-logo"><img loading="lazy" src="https://www.topperlearning.com/assets/v1/images/nw18-logo.png" alt="Network18" title="Network18" width="95" height="23"></a> <a href="https://www.news18.com" rel="noopener" ><img loading="lazy" src="https://www.topperlearning.com/assets/v1/images/news18-logo.png" alt="News18" title="News18" width="68" height="32"></a> </div> <div id="copyText" class="copy-text">Copyright Notice &copy; 2024 Greycells18 Media Limited and its licensors. All rights reserved.</div> </div> </div> </div> </footer> <!-- Footer Section --> <div id="stickyBanner"> <!-- <img src="https://tpc.googlesyndication.com/simgad/4662794619164260497" alt=""> --> <script> if(showAds){ googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.defineSlot('/1039154/TOPLRN_ENG_MWEB/TOPLRN_ENG_MWEB_STUDY_MATERIALS/TOPLRN_ENG_MWEB_STUDY_MATERIALS_AS/TOPLRN_ENG_MWEB_ROS_STUDY_AS_FBN_320', [[375,50],[360,50],[320,50],[300,50]], '6743f543bd40a') .setCollapseEmptyDiv(true) .addService(googletag.pubads()); }); } </script> <div class="ad-banner" style=""> <div id="6743f543bd40a"> <script> if(showAds){ googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('6743f543bd40a'); }); } </script> </div> </div> </div> <!-- BEGIN nav --> <div id="bottomNav" class="bottom-nav"> <div class="bottom-links"> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-8"><i><svg width="23.59" height="23.783" viewBox="0 0 23.59 23.783"><g id="my-class" transform="translate(-475.7 -428.05)"><path id="Path_192" data-name="Path 192" d="M599.368,476.368a.747.747,0,0,0-.218.537v.252a.719.719,0,0,0,.218.529.733.733,0,0,0,.537.227.774.774,0,0,0,.755-.755V476.9a.732.732,0,0,0-.227-.537.719.719,0,0,0-.529-.218.747.747,0,0,0-.537.218" transform="translate(-102.738 -40.03)" fill="#006fb9"/><path id="Path_193" data-name="Path 193" d="M497.922,440.768v.747a.775.775,0,0,1-.738.755h.512a.074.074,0,0,1,.084.084v1.326a.074.074,0,0,1-.084.084H483.938a.739.739,0,0,0-.109,0h-6.535a.074.074,0,0,1-.084-.084v-1.326a.074.074,0,0,1,.084-.084h12.9a.76.76,0,0,1-.73-.755v-.755h-10.5V429.644a.074.074,0,0,1,.084-.084h17.281a.074.074,0,0,1,.084.084v5.075a.719.719,0,0,0,.218.529.733.733,0,0,0,.537.227.774.774,0,0,0,.755-.755v-5.075a1.409,1.409,0,0,0-1.594-1.594H479.047a1.409,1.409,0,0,0-1.594,1.594v11.115h-.159a1.409,1.409,0,0,0-1.594,1.594v1.326a1.409,1.409,0,0,0,1.594,1.594h2.492l-1.879,5.562a.733.733,0,0,0-.008.47.78.78,0,0,0,.721.529h3.146a.725.725,0,0,0,.445-.151.685.685,0,0,0,.268-.369l1.963-6.04H491.1l1.963,6.04a.788.788,0,0,0,.721.52h3.146a.751.751,0,0,0,.713-1l-1.879-5.562H497.7a1.409,1.409,0,0,0,1.594-1.594v-1.326A1.377,1.377,0,0,0,497.922,440.768Zm-16.711,9.555h-1.544l1.711-5.05h1.476Zm14.664,0h-1.544l-1.644-5.05h1.477Z" transform="translate(0)" fill="#006fb9"/><path id="Path_194" data-name="Path 194" d="M502.205,476.45a.745.745,0,0,0-.755.755.719.719,0,0,0,.218.529.733.733,0,0,0,.537.227h4.522a.774.774,0,0,0,.755-.755.733.733,0,0,0-.227-.537.719.719,0,0,0-.529-.218h-4.522" transform="translate(-21.43 -40.279)" fill="#f16911"/><path id="Path_195" data-name="Path 195" d="M512.792,462.66a.774.774,0,0,0,.755-.755.733.733,0,0,0-.227-.537.719.719,0,0,0-.529-.218H502.205a.745.745,0,0,0-.755.755.719.719,0,0,0,.218.529.733.733,0,0,0,.537.227h10.587" transform="translate(-21.43 -27.547)" fill="#f16911"/><path id="Path_196" data-name="Path 196" d="M516.282,447.784a.705.705,0,0,0,.227-.529.732.732,0,0,0-.227-.537.719.719,0,0,0-.529-.218H502.205a.745.745,0,0,0-.755.755.719.719,0,0,0,.218.529.733.733,0,0,0,.537.227h13.548a.706.706,0,0,0,.529-.227" transform="translate(-21.43 -15.354)" fill="#f16911"/><path id="Path_197" data-name="Path 197" d="M565.98,491.268a.72.72,0,0,0-.529-.218h-6.946a.745.745,0,0,0-.755.755v2.139a.719.719,0,0,0,.218.529.726.726,0,0,0,.512.227h6.988a.775.775,0,0,0,.738-.755V491.8A.733.733,0,0,0,565.98,491.268Zm-1.284,1.921H559.26v-.629H564.7Z" transform="translate(-68.284 -52.43)" fill="#f16911"/></g></svg></i> My Class</a> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-8-videos"><i><svg width="24.559" height="24.033" viewBox="0 0 24.559 24.033"> <g id="videos" transform="translate(-1124.45 -432.25)"><path id="Path_198" data-name="Path 198" d="M1136.44,549.478a.752.752,0,0,0-.553-.228h-9.648a.779.779,0,0,0-.789.789.753.753,0,0,0,.228.553.766.766,0,0,0,.561.237h9.648a.809.809,0,0,0,.789-.789.767.767,0,0,0-.237-.561" transform="translate(-0.825 -96.476)" fill="#006fb9"/><path id="Path_199" data-name="Path 199" d="M1202.678,550.592a.766.766,0,0,0,.561.237h9.122a.809.809,0,0,0,.789-.789.766.766,0,0,0-.237-.561.752.752,0,0,0-.553-.228h-9.122a.779.779,0,0,0-.789.789.752.752,0,0,0,.228.553" transform="translate(-64.317 -96.476)" fill="#006fb9"/><path id="Path_200" data-name="Path 200" d="M1256.239,489.3a.779.779,0,0,0-.789.789v.64a.752.752,0,0,0,.228.553.766.766,0,0,0,.561.237.809.809,0,0,0,.789-.789v-.64a.765.765,0,0,0-.237-.561.752.752,0,0,0-.553-.228" transform="translate(-108.02 -47.042)" fill="#006fb9"/> <path id="Path_201" data-name="Path 201" d="M1147.343,433.829a.078.078,0,0,1,.088.088v6.876a.752.752,0,0,0,.228.553.766.766,0,0,0,.561.237.809.809,0,0,0,.789-.789v-6.876a1.473,1.473,0,0,0-1.666-1.667h-21.226a1.473,1.473,0,0,0-1.667,1.667v13.157a1.473,1.473,0,0,0,1.667,1.666h21.226a1.473,1.473,0,0,0,1.666-1.666V446.2a.766.766,0,0,0-.237-.561.752.752,0,0,0-.553-.228.779.779,0,0,0-.789.789v.877a.077.077,0,0,1-.088.088h-21.226a.078.078,0,0,1-.088-.088V433.917a.078.078,0,0,1,.088-.088h21.226" fill="#006fb9"/><path id="Path_202" data-name="Path 202" d="M1185.828,458.706a.778.778,0,0,0-.307-.4l-4.543-3.1a.794.794,0,0,0-.544-.132.807.807,0,0,0-.491.263.793.793,0,0,0-.193.526v6.192a.785.785,0,0,0,.684.781.737.737,0,0,0,.544-.132l4.543-3.1a.735.735,0,0,0,.307-.4A.722.722,0,0,0,1185.828,458.706Zm-4.5,1.851v-3.2l2.351,1.605Z" transform="translate(-45.599 -18.816)" fill="#f16911"/> <g id="Group_1369" data-name="Group 1369" transform="translate(1134.274 450.845)"> <g id="Group_1368" data-name="Group 1368" transform="translate(0 0)"> <g id="Group_1367" data-name="Group 1367"> <g id="Symbol_21_0_Layer0_0_FILL" data-name="Symbol 2 0 Layer0 0 FILL"> <path id="Path_203" data-name="Path 203" d="M1185.888,540.969a2.723,2.723,0,0,0-4.64-1.93l-.009.009a2.638,2.638,0,0,0-.789,1.921,2.71,2.71,0,0,0,4.631,1.921l.009-.009a2.593,2.593,0,0,0,.8-1.912m-1.921-.816a1.117,1.117,0,0,1,.342.816,1.079,1.079,0,0,1-.333.8l-.009.009a1.08,1.08,0,0,1-.8.333,1.119,1.119,0,0,1-.816-.342,1.083,1.083,0,0,1-.324-.8,1.121,1.121,0,0,1,.324-.807l.009-.009a1.121,1.121,0,0,1,.807-.325A1.083,1.083,0,0,1,1183.967,540.153Z" transform="translate(-1180.45 -538.25)" fill="#f16911"/> </g> </g> </g> </g> </g> </svg></i> Videos</a> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/test-icse-class-8"><i><svg width="23.399" height="23.783" viewBox="0 0 23.399 23.783"> <g id="tests" transform="translate(-261.2 -430.45)"><path id="Path_204" data-name="Path 204" d="M262.772,432.109a.077.077,0,0,1,.087-.087H282.94a.077.077,0,0,1,.087.087v14.249a.749.749,0,0,0,.227.55.763.763,0,0,0,.559.236.806.806,0,0,0,.786-.786V432.109a1.466,1.466,0,0,0-1.659-1.659H262.859a1.466,1.466,0,0,0-1.659,1.659v20.465a1.466,1.466,0,0,0,1.659,1.659H282.94a1.466,1.466,0,0,0,1.659-1.659v-.829a.763.763,0,0,0-.236-.559.749.749,0,0,0-.55-.227.775.775,0,0,0-.786.786v.829a.077.077,0,0,1-.087.087H262.859a.077.077,0,0,1-.087-.087V432.109" transform="translate(0 0)" fill="#006fb9"/> <path id="Path_205" data-name="Path 205" d="M386.2,532.347a.748.748,0,0,0,.227.55.762.762,0,0,0,.559.236.806.806,0,0,0,.786-.786v-.611a.763.763,0,0,0-.236-.559.749.749,0,0,0-.55-.227.775.775,0,0,0-.786.786v.611" transform="translate(-103.173 -82.951)" fill="#006fb9"/><path id="Path_206" data-name="Path 206" d="M351.154,517.047a.754.754,0,0,0-.559.21l-2.226,2.06-.917-.961a.763.763,0,0,0-.55-.244.784.784,0,0,0-.585,1.327l1.449,1.519a.78.78,0,0,0,1.1.035l2.794-2.584a.766.766,0,0,0,.253-.55.75.75,0,0,0-.209-.559.763.763,0,0,0-.55-.253" transform="translate(-70.074 -71.476)" fill="#f16911"/><path id="Path_207" data-name="Path 207" d="M352.665,454.857a.766.766,0,0,0-.568-.21.79.79,0,0,0-.751.812.765.765,0,0,0,.253.55l.777.716-.777.716a.787.787,0,0,0,.5,1.362.766.766,0,0,0,.568-.21l.864-.8.864.8a.755.755,0,0,0,.559.21.784.784,0,0,0,.506-1.362l-.777-.716.777-.716a.766.766,0,0,0,.253-.55.75.75,0,0,0-.21-.559.763.763,0,0,0-.55-.253.755.755,0,0,0-.559.21l-.864.794-.864-.794" transform="translate(-74.405 -19.972)" fill="#f16911"/><path id="Path_208" data-name="Path 208" d="M279.4,508.536a.748.748,0,0,0,.227.55.763.763,0,0,0,.559.236h8.862a.806.806,0,0,0,.786-.786.762.762,0,0,0-.236-.559.748.748,0,0,0-.55-.227h-8.862a.775.775,0,0,0-.786.786" transform="translate(-15.022 -63.802)" fill="#006fb9"/><path id="Path_209" data-name="Path 209" d="M279.4,521.986a.748.748,0,0,0,.227.55.762.762,0,0,0,.559.236h7.046a.806.806,0,0,0,.786-.786.762.762,0,0,0-.236-.559.748.748,0,0,0-.55-.227h-7.046a.775.775,0,0,0-.786.786" transform="translate(-15.022 -74.904)" fill="#006fb9"/><path id="Path_210" data-name="Path 210" d="M285.442,535.527a.749.749,0,0,0-.55-.227h-4.706a.775.775,0,0,0-.786.786.749.749,0,0,0,.227.55.763.763,0,0,0,.559.236h4.706a.806.806,0,0,0,.786-.786.763.763,0,0,0-.236-.559" transform="translate(-15.022 -86.541)" fill="#006fb9"/> <path id="Path_211" data-name="Path 211" d="M279.4,454.686a.749.749,0,0,0,.227.55.762.762,0,0,0,.559.236h8.862a.806.806,0,0,0,.786-.786.762.762,0,0,0-.236-.559.748.748,0,0,0-.55-.227h-8.862a.775.775,0,0,0-.786.786" transform="translate(-15.022 -19.355)" fill="#006fb9"/> <path id="Path_212" data-name="Path 212" d="M279.4,468.136a.749.749,0,0,0,.227.55.763.763,0,0,0,.559.236h7.369a.806.806,0,0,0,.786-.786.763.763,0,0,0-.236-.559.749.749,0,0,0-.55-.227h-7.369a.775.775,0,0,0-.786.786" transform="translate(-15.022 -30.457)" fill="#006fb9"/> <path id="Path_213" data-name="Path 213" d="M279.4,482.236a.749.749,0,0,0,.227.55.763.763,0,0,0,.559.236h4.706a.806.806,0,0,0,.786-.786.763.763,0,0,0-.236-.559.749.749,0,0,0-.55-.227h-4.706a.775.775,0,0,0-.786.786" transform="translate(-15.022 -42.094)" fill="#006fb9"/> </g></svg></i> Tests</a> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/package/icse-class-8"><i><svg width="31" height="24" viewBox="0 0 31 24"><g id="Group_1959" data-name="Group 1959" transform="translate(0 0)"><g id="Rectangle_637" data-name="Rectangle 637" transform="translate(8 0)" fill="none" stroke="#006fb9" stroke-width="1.8"><rect width="15" height="24" rx="3" stroke="none"/><rect x="0.9" y="0.9" width="13.2" height="22.2" rx="2.1" fill="none"/> </g><g id="Rectangle_638" data-name="Rectangle 638" transform="translate(21 1)" fill="none" stroke="#006fb9" stroke-width="1.8"><path d="M0,0H7a3,3,0,0,1,3,3V19a3,3,0,0,1-3,3H0a0,0,0,0,1,0,0V0A0,0,0,0,1,0,0Z" stroke="none"/> <path d="M.9.9H7A2.1,2.1,0,0,1,9.1,3V19A2.1,2.1,0,0,1,7,21.1H.9a0,0,0,0,1,0,0V.9A0,0,0,0,1,.9.9Z" fill="none"/></g><g id="Rectangle_639" data-name="Rectangle 639" transform="translate(0 1)" fill="none" stroke="#006fb9" stroke-width="1.8"><path d="M3,0h7a0,0,0,0,1,0,0V22a0,0,0,0,1,0,0H3a3,3,0,0,1-3-3V3A3,3,0,0,1,3,0Z" stroke="none"/> <path d="M3,.9H9.1a0,0,0,0,1,0,0V21.1a0,0,0,0,1,0,0H3A2.1,2.1,0,0,1,.9,19V3A2.1,2.1,0,0,1,3,.9Z" fill="none"/></g><circle id="Ellipse_116" data-name="Ellipse 116" cx="1.5" cy="1.5" r="1.5" transform="translate(24 10)" fill="#f16911"/><circle id="Ellipse_117" data-name="Ellipse 117" cx="1.5" cy="1.5" r="1.5" transform="translate(4 10)" fill="#f16911"/><text id="_" data-name="₹" transform="translate(16 17)" fill="#f1691f" font-size="14" font-family="Helvetica"><tspan x="-3.637" y="0">₹</tspan></text></g></svg></i> Plans</a> <a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-8-answer"><i><svg width="26.593" height="24.213" viewBox="0 0 26.593 24.213"> <g id="ask-doubts" transform="translate(-1552.6 -435.65)"><path id="Path_221" data-name="Path 221" d="M1591.4,525.246a.841.841,0,0,0-.246.606.81.81,0,0,0,.246.6.826.826,0,0,0,.606.255h.634a.873.873,0,0,0,.852-.852.826.826,0,0,0-.255-.606.812.812,0,0,0-.6-.246H1592a.842.842,0,0,0-.606.246" transform="translate(-31.254 -72.439)" fill="#006fb9"/><path id="Path_222" data-name="Path 222" d="M1554.3,438.016a.586.586,0,0,1,.662-.662h21.861a.585.585,0,0,1,.662.662V451.9a.585.585,0,0,1-.662.662h-5.442a.868.868,0,0,0-.52.17l-5.981,4.571-.047-3.9a.838.838,0,0,0-.265-.606.82.82,0,0,0-.606-.237.84.84,0,0,0-.833.861l.066,5.6a.813.813,0,0,0,.227.568.8.8,0,0,0,.549.265.785.785,0,0,0,.587-.17l7.107-5.423h5.157a2.091,2.091,0,0,0,2.366-2.366V438.016a2.091,2.091,0,0,0-2.366-2.366h-21.861a2.091,2.091,0,0,0-2.366,2.366V451.9a2.091,2.091,0,0,0,2.366,2.366h3.36a.873.873,0,0,0,.852-.852.825.825,0,0,0-.255-.606.811.811,0,0,0-.6-.246h-3.36a.586.586,0,0,1-.662-.662Z" transform="translate(0 0)" fill="#006fb9"/> <path id="Path_223" data-name="Path 223" d="M1618.1,510.078a.811.811,0,0,0,.246.6.826.826,0,0,0,.606.256.873.873,0,0,0,.852-.852v-.426a.827.827,0,0,0-.255-.606.811.811,0,0,0-.6-.246.84.84,0,0,0-.852.852v.426" transform="translate(-53.103 -59.305)" fill="#f16911"/> <path id="Path_224" data-name="Path 224" d="M1602.691,449.922c-.031.014-.063.026-.095.038l-.653.378a4.9,4.9,0,0,0-.568.473l-.009.01a4.442,4.442,0,0,0-.7.946.056.056,0,0,1-.009.028,3.365,3.365,0,0,0-.17.35,4.063,4.063,0,0,0-.293,1.268.828.828,0,0,0,.208.615.815.815,0,0,0,.587.284.791.791,0,0,0,.615-.208.808.808,0,0,0,.293-.577,2.242,2.242,0,0,1,.17-.738.13.13,0,0,0,.019-.047.693.693,0,0,0,.038-.095.221.221,0,0,0,.047-.076.151.151,0,0,0,.028-.047,3.1,3.1,0,0,1,.4-.511,2.7,2.7,0,0,1,.776-.53l.019-.009a2.369,2.369,0,0,1,.908-.17h.019a2.3,2.3,0,0,1,.9.17l.019.009a2.566,2.566,0,0,1,1.211,1.107c.013.018.026.034.038.047a.823.823,0,0,1,.038.1l.019.028a2.493,2.493,0,0,1,.18.965,2.311,2.311,0,0,1-.71,1.713l-.01.01a2.25,2.25,0,0,1-1.6.71.84.84,0,0,0-.823.852v2.337a.811.811,0,0,0,.246.6.827.827,0,0,0,.606.255.873.873,0,0,0,.852-.852v-1.59a3.9,3.9,0,0,0,1.94-1.117h-.01a3.955,3.955,0,0,0,1.211-2.915,4.26,4.26,0,0,0-.312-1.618l.009.028a2.243,2.243,0,0,0-.18-.379.028.028,0,0,0-.01-.009,3.756,3.756,0,0,0-.7-.946,4.271,4.271,0,0,0-.587-.492l-.634-.36a.411.411,0,0,1-.057-.028l-.057-.019-.038-.019a4.048,4.048,0,0,0-1.542-.293h-.019a4.051,4.051,0,0,0-1.543.293Z" transform="translate(-38.583 -11.31)" fill="#f16911"/> </g></svg></i> Ask a Doubt</a> </div> </div> <!-- END nav --> <!--Enroll Section--> <script> window.addEventListener('scroll', function() { document.getElementById('hbar-stdpack').style.display = "block"; }, { once: true }); </script> <!--Enroll Section--> <!-- Get in touch popup --> <div class="popup-overlay" id="getinModal"> <div class="modal-class"> <div class="close" onclick="popclose('getinModal');"> <svg height="24" width="24" fill="#707070"><path d="M6.4 19 5 17.6 10.6 12 5 6.4 6.4 5 12 10.6 17.6 5 19 6.4 13.4 12 19 17.6 17.6 19 12 13.4Z"></path></svg> </div> <div class="modal-title-main-div"> <h3 class="modal-title-main"> Get in Touch </h3> </div> <!-- <div class="call-wrap"> <div class="cont-call"> <a rel="noopener" target="_blank" href="https://wa.me/919321924448" class="whatsapp-icon"> <svg width="29" height="29" viewBox="0 0 47 47"> <circle id="Ellipse_721" data-name="Ellipse 69" cx="23.5" cy="23.5" r="23.5" fill="#ff9140"></circle> <g id="Group_14711" data-name="Group 14711" transform="translate(12 11.368)"> <g id="Group_14801" data-name="Group 14801"> <g id="Layer2_01_FILL" data-name="Layer2 01 FILL"> <path id="Path_3651" data-name="Path 353" d="M967.963,344.975a.984.984,0,0,0-.7.255l-3.361,3.05a1.115,1.115,0,0,0-.255.377,4.222,4.222,0,0,0,.422,4.1q4.351,9.827,15.073,15.34l.011.011a6,6,0,0,0,4.381.466.937.937,0,0,0,.532-.266l3.061-3.039a.962.962,0,0,0,.3-.71.973.973,0,0,0-.288-.71l-5.324-5.357a1.019,1.019,0,0,0-1.409-.011l-2.052,1.963a16.423,16.423,0,0,1-6.755-6.788l1.985-2.019a.95.95,0,0,0,.288-.7.986.986,0,0,0-.288-.71l-4.936-4.969a.981.981,0,0,0-.688-.288m-2.529,4.614,2.462-2.241,3.572,3.594-1.808,1.83a1.008,1.008,0,0,0-.277.555.966.966,0,0,0,.1.61,18.317,18.317,0,0,0,8.64,8.618.932.932,0,0,0,.588.078.92.92,0,0,0,.521-.255l1.852-1.775,3.926,3.949-2.13,2.119a4.314,4.314,0,0,1-2.684-.266l-.067-.033q-10.169-5.208-14.275-14.5a1.045,1.045,0,0,0-.089-.177A2.334,2.334,0,0,1,965.434,349.589Z" transform="translate(-963.306 -344.974)" fill="#fff"></path> </g> </g> </g> </svg> <img src="https://www.topperlearning.com/assets/v1/images/pop-ic-whatsapp.png" loading="lazy" alt="Whatsapp" width="19" height="19" class="ic-wts"> </a> </div> <h4>Call / Whats App</h4> </div> --> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row-wrap"> <div class="ic-wrap"> <svg width="47" height="47" viewBox="0 0 47 47"> <g id="courseware-plans" transform="translate(2.567 -40)"> <g id="Ellipse_67" data-name="Ellipse 67" transform="translate(-2.567 40)" fill="none" stroke="#006fb9" stroke-width="1.5"> <circle cx="23.5" cy="23.5" r="23.5" stroke="none"/> <circle cx="23.5" cy="23.5" r="22.75" fill="none"/> </g> <g id="Group_1467" data-name="Group 1467" transform="translate(-89 -133.579)"> <g id="Group_1466" data-name="Group 1466" transform="translate(96.432 185.578)"> <path id="Path_341" data-name="Path 341" d="M1271.586,345.426H1249.87a2.009,2.009,0,0,0-2.27,2.281v14.1a2.006,2.006,0,0,0,2.27,2.27h21.716a2.006,2.006,0,0,0,2.27-2.27v-14.1A2.009,2.009,0,0,0,1271.586,345.426Zm.286,16.384a.253.253,0,0,1-.286.286H1249.87a.253.253,0,0,1-.286-.286v-14.1a.26.26,0,0,1,.286-.3h21.716a.26.26,0,0,1,.286.3Z" transform="translate(-1247.6 -345.426)" fill="#006fba"/> <path id="Path_342" data-name="Path 342" d="M1292.954,443.712a.944.944,0,0,0-.694-.286h-8.969a.978.978,0,0,0-.992.992.944.944,0,0,0,.286.694.964.964,0,0,0,.705.3h8.969a1.017,1.017,0,0,0,.992-.992.962.962,0,0,0-.3-.705" transform="translate(-1274.654 -421.831)" fill="#006fba"/> <path id="Path_343" data-name="Path 343" d="M1299.19,432.112a.944.944,0,0,0-.694-.286h-4.055a.978.978,0,0,0-.992.992.945.945,0,0,0,.286.694.964.964,0,0,0,.705.3h4.055a1.017,1.017,0,0,0,.992-.992.962.962,0,0,0-.3-.705" transform="translate(-1283.346 -412.787)" fill="#006fba"/> <path id="Path_344" data-name="Path 344" d="M1288.287,400.012a.964.964,0,0,0,.705.3h10.07a1.017,1.017,0,0,0,.992-.992.962.962,0,0,0-.3-.705.944.944,0,0,0-.694-.286h-10.07a.979.979,0,0,0-.992.992.945.945,0,0,0,.287.694" transform="translate(-1279.097 -386.669)" fill="#f16912"/> <path id="Path_345" data-name="Path 345" d="M1273.319,400.309a1.017,1.017,0,0,0,.992-.992.961.961,0,0,0-.3-.705.944.944,0,0,0-.694-.286h-.727a.978.978,0,0,0-.992.992.945.945,0,0,0,.286.694.964.964,0,0,0,.705.3h.727" transform="translate(-1266.311 -386.669)" fill="#f16912"/> <path id="Path_346" data-name="Path 346" d="M1274.013,383.112a.944.944,0,0,0-.694-.286h-.727a.978.978,0,0,0-.992.992.945.945,0,0,0,.286.694.964.964,0,0,0,.705.3h.727a1.017,1.017,0,0,0,.992-.992.962.962,0,0,0-.3-.705" transform="translate(-1266.311 -374.585)" fill="#f16912"/> <path id="Path_347" data-name="Path 347" d="M1288.992,382.826a.979.979,0,0,0-.992.992.945.945,0,0,0,.287.694.963.963,0,0,0,.705.3h10.07a1.017,1.017,0,0,0,.992-.992.962.962,0,0,0-.3-.705.944.944,0,0,0-.694-.286h-10.07" transform="translate(-1279.097 -374.585)" fill="#f16912"/> <path id="Path_348" data-name="Path 348" d="M1288.992,367.326a.979.979,0,0,0-.992.992.945.945,0,0,0,.287.694.964.964,0,0,0,.705.3h10.07a1.017,1.017,0,0,0,.992-.992.962.962,0,0,0-.3-.705.944.944,0,0,0-.694-.286h-10.07" transform="translate(-1279.097 -362.5)" fill="#f16912"/> <path id="Path_349" data-name="Path 349" d="M1274.013,367.612a.944.944,0,0,0-.694-.286h-.727a.978.978,0,0,0-.992.992.945.945,0,0,0,.286.694.964.964,0,0,0,.705.3h.727a1.017,1.017,0,0,0,.992-.992.961.961,0,0,0-.3-.705" transform="translate(-1266.311 -362.5)" fill="#f16912"/> </g> </g> </g> </svg> </div> <div class="get-cont"> <span>For Study Material Plans</span> <br>9AM - 9PM IST (All days) </div> </div> <div class="row-wrap"> <div class="ic-wrap"><svg width="47" height="47" viewBox="0 0 47 47"> <g id="For_Support-Grievances" data-name="For Support-Grievances" transform="translate(2.567 -130)"> <g id="Ellipse_68" data-name="Ellipse 68" transform="translate(-2.567 130)" fill="none" stroke="#006fb9" stroke-width="1.5"> <circle cx="23.5" cy="23.5" r="23.5" stroke="none"/> <circle cx="23.5" cy="23.5" r="22.75" fill="none"/> </g> <g id="Group_1469" data-name="Group 1469" transform="translate(-94 -49)"> <g id="Group_1468" data-name="Group 1468" transform="translate(104.433 189)"> <path id="Path_350" data-name="Path 350" d="M1145.75,352.467v-4.547a2.338,2.338,0,0,0-2.645-2.645h-11.461a2.338,2.338,0,0,0-2.645,2.645v21.662a2.338,2.338,0,0,0,2.645,2.645h11.461a2.338,2.338,0,0,0,2.645-2.645v-3.212l-.34.34V366.7l-1.927,1.94v.945a.334.334,0,0,1-.378.378h-11.461a.334.334,0,0,1-.378-.378V347.921a.334.334,0,0,1,.378-.378h.63v.5a2.338,2.338,0,0,0,2.645,2.645h5.038a2.338,2.338,0,0,0,2.645-2.645v-.5h.5a.334.334,0,0,1,.378.378v4.547Zm-5.416-4.421a.334.334,0,0,1-.378.378h-5.038a.334.334,0,0,1-.378-.378v-.5h5.793Z" transform="translate(-1129 -345.276)" fill="#006fba"/> <path id="Path_351" data-name="Path 351" d="M1170.441,373.826H1159.6a2.649,2.649,0,0,0-3,3v6.511q0,2.985,3,2.985h2.116v3.363a1.08,1.08,0,0,0,.328.793,1.1,1.1,0,0,0,.806.34,1.061,1.061,0,0,0,.793-.34l.491-.479,1.927-1.94v.013l.34-.34,1.411-1.411h2.632a2.638,2.638,0,0,0,2.985-2.985v-6.511Q1173.426,373.822,1170.441,373.826Zm.718,9.509a.635.635,0,0,1-.718.718h-3.1a1.122,1.122,0,0,0-.806.327l-2.078,2.078-.479.491v-1.763a1.1,1.1,0,0,0-.34-.806,1.079,1.079,0,0,0-.793-.327H1159.6a.642.642,0,0,1-.73-.718v-6.511a.646.646,0,0,1,.73-.73h10.844a.642.642,0,0,1,.718.73Z" transform="translate(-1149.648 -366.635)" fill="#f16912"/> </g> </g> </g> </svg> </div> <div class="get-cont"> <span>For Support / Grievances</span> <br>9AM - 9PM IST (Mon to Sat) </div> </div> <div class="row-wrap"> <div class="ic-wrap"> <svg width="47" height="47" viewBox="0 0 47 47"> <g id="Request_Call_Back" data-name="Request Call Back" transform="translate(2.567 -218)"> <g id="Ellipse_69" data-name="Ellipse 69" transform="translate(-2.567 218)" fill="none" stroke="#006fb9" stroke-width="1.5"> <circle cx="23.5" cy="23.5" r="23.5" stroke="none"/> <circle cx="23.5" cy="23.5" r="22.75" fill="none"/> </g> <g id="Group_1472" data-name="Group 1471" transform="translate(-89 41.368)"> <g id="Group_1478" data-name="Group 1470" transform="translate(96.433 189)"> <g id="Layer2_1_FILL" data-name="Layer2 0 FILL"> <path id="Path_352" data-name="Path 352" d="M1029.177,348.859l.954-1a1,1,0,1,0-1.442-1.375l-2.551,2.7-.011.011a.04.04,0,0,1-.022.011.036.036,0,0,1-.011.022.979.979,0,0,0-.233.477.151.151,0,0,1,0,.033l-.011.133v.011c0,.009,0,.017,0,.022a.966.966,0,0,0,.3.688l.011.011,2.64,2.6a.956.956,0,0,0,.7.288.974.974,0,0,0,.71-.3.991.991,0,0,0-.011-1.409l-.932-.921,4.314-.022a.8.8,0,0,1,.9.909V356a.95.95,0,0,0,.288.7.97.97,0,0,0,.71.3,1.023,1.023,0,0,0,1-1v-4.259a2.562,2.562,0,0,0-2.895-2.906Z" transform="translate(-1011.975 -345.908)" fill="#f16912"/> <path id="Path_353" data-name="Path 353" d="M967.963,344.975a.984.984,0,0,0-.7.255l-3.361,3.05a1.115,1.115,0,0,0-.255.377,4.222,4.222,0,0,0,.422,4.1q4.351,9.827,15.073,15.34l.011.011a6,6,0,0,0,4.381.466.937.937,0,0,0,.532-.266l3.061-3.039a.962.962,0,0,0,.3-.71.973.973,0,0,0-.288-.71l-5.324-5.357a1.019,1.019,0,0,0-1.409-.011l-2.052,1.963a16.423,16.423,0,0,1-6.755-6.788l1.985-2.019a.95.95,0,0,0,.288-.7.986.986,0,0,0-.288-.71l-4.936-4.969a.981.981,0,0,0-.688-.288m-2.529,4.614,2.462-2.241,3.572,3.594-1.808,1.83a1.008,1.008,0,0,0-.277.555.966.966,0,0,0,.1.61,18.317,18.317,0,0,0,8.64,8.618.932.932,0,0,0,.588.078.92.92,0,0,0,.521-.255l1.852-1.775,3.926,3.949-2.13,2.119a4.314,4.314,0,0,1-2.684-.266l-.067-.033q-10.169-5.208-14.275-14.5a1.045,1.045,0,0,0-.089-.177A2.334,2.334,0,0,1,965.434,349.589Z" transform="translate(-963.306 -344.974)" fill="#006fba"/> </g> </g> </g> </g> </svg> </div> <div class="get-cont"> <span>Request Call Back </span> <div class="form-group"> <form onsubmit="requestCallBack(this);return false;"> <input type="text" name="phone_number" placeholder="Enter mobile number" class="inputbox" required> <input type="hidden" name="url" value="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-8-saq"> <button type="submit" class="blue-btn btn-submit">Submit</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row-wrap"> <div class="ic-wrap"> <svg width="47" height="47" viewBox="0 0 47 47"> <g id="write-to-us" transform="translate(2.567 -290)"> <g id="Ellipse_70" data-name="Ellipse 70" transform="translate(-2.567 290)" fill="none" stroke="#006fb9" stroke-width="1.5"> <circle cx="23.5" cy="23.5" r="23.5" stroke="none"/> <circle cx="23.5" cy="23.5" r="22.75" fill="none"/> </g> <g id="Group_1473" data-name="Group 1473" transform="translate(-87.278 111.182)"> <g id="Group_1474" data-name="Group 1472" transform="translate(96.433 189)"> <path id="Path_354" data-name="Path 354" d="M844.462,356.147h0a1.385,1.385,0,0,1,.262-.023h10.833a1.05,1.05,0,0,0,1.024-1.024.994.994,0,0,0-.307-.728.975.975,0,0,0-.717-.3H844.724a3.157,3.157,0,0,0-.671.068q-2,.332-2,2.685v16.795q0,2.321,1.991,2.663a3.326,3.326,0,0,0,.683.068h16.84a2.414,2.414,0,0,0,2.731-2.731V363.384a.993.993,0,0,0-.307-.728.974.974,0,0,0-.717-.3,1.01,1.01,0,0,0-1.024,1.024v10.241a.6.6,0,0,1-.683.683h-16.84a1.422,1.422,0,0,1-.262-.023h0a.62.62,0,0,1-.364-.66V356.83q0-.542.364-.683" transform="translate(-842.05 -351.914)" fill="#006fba"/> <path id="Path_355" data-name="Path 355" d="M883.048,345.44a.059.059,0,0,1-.011-.011,2.607,2.607,0,0,0-1.934-.853,2.71,2.71,0,0,0-1.969.762l-12.937,12.3a1.14,1.14,0,0,0-.171.239l-2.31,4.938a.813.813,0,0,0-.057.467.773.773,0,0,0,.626.649.714.714,0,0,0,.467-.046l5.007-2.116a.664.664,0,0,0,.239-.159L882.945,349.3a2.644,2.644,0,0,0,.842-1.912v-.011A2.719,2.719,0,0,0,883.048,345.44Zm-.854,1.912a1.083,1.083,0,0,1-.353.8h.011l-12.835,12.209-2.981,1.252,1.377-2.924,12.824-12.2a1.16,1.16,0,0,1,.842-.319,1.073,1.073,0,0,1,.785.341l.011.011a1.207,1.207,0,0,1,.319.819Z" transform="translate(-858.732 -344.575)" fill="#f16912"/> </g> </g> </g> </svg> </div> <div class="get-cont"> <a class="org-btn" href="mailto:contactus.topperlearning@nw18.com" title="WRITE TO US">WRITE TO US</a> </div> </div> <div class="row-wrap"> <div class="ic-wrap"> <svg width="47" height="47" viewBox="0 0 47 47"> <g id="For_Franchisee_Enquiries" data-name="For Franchisee Enquiries" transform="translate(2.567 -349)"> <g id="Ellipse_71" data-name="Ellipse 71" transform="translate(-2.567 349)" fill="none" stroke="#006fb9" stroke-width="1.5"> <circle cx="23.5" cy="23.5" r="23.5" stroke="none"/> <circle cx="23.5" cy="23.5" r="22.75" fill="none"/> </g> <g id="Group_1475" data-name="Group 1475" transform="translate(-91.204 170.303)"> <g id="Group_1476" data-name="Group 1474" transform="translate(98.432 189)"> <path id="Path_356" data-name="Path 356" d="M715.259,433.288a1.157,1.157,0,0,0-.214-.3,2.774,2.774,0,0,0-.227-.252,3.013,3.013,0,0,0-1.3-.781,3.265,3.265,0,0,0-.87-.126h-.038a3.165,3.165,0,0,0-.857.113,3.068,3.068,0,0,0-1.361.794v.013a3.125,3.125,0,0,0,2.218,5.331,3.141,3.141,0,0,0,3.125-3.125A3.028,3.028,0,0,0,715.259,433.288Zm-1.689,2.621a1.28,1.28,0,0,1-.958.4,1.31,1.31,0,0,1-.958-.391l-.013-.013a1.318,1.318,0,0,1-.378-.958,1.36,1.36,0,0,1,.378-.97h.013a1.308,1.308,0,0,1,.958-.391h.025a1.3,1.3,0,0,1,.933.391.274.274,0,0,1,.05.063,1.749,1.749,0,0,0,.139.176,1.236,1.236,0,0,1,.214.731A1.28,1.28,0,0,1,713.571,435.909Z" transform="translate(-699.128 -411.082)" fill="#006fba"/> <path id="Path_357" data-name="Path 357" d="M743.893,420.732a2.953,2.953,0,0,0-2.205-.907h-.013a3.134,3.134,0,0,0-1.386.315,3.368,3.368,0,0,0-.643.441,1.168,1.168,0,0,0-.214.2,3.862,3.862,0,0,0-.441.555,3.131,3.131,0,0,0-.441,1.6v.013a3.138,3.138,0,0,0,2.407,3.025,1.206,1.206,0,0,0,.454.076c.058,0,.117,0,.176,0a.483.483,0,0,0,.088.013,2.98,2.98,0,0,0,2.218-.933h.013a2.975,2.975,0,0,0,.907-2.18A3.025,3.025,0,0,0,743.893,420.732Zm-1.248,3.151v.013a1.3,1.3,0,0,1-.958.4q-.126-.01-.252-.013l-.025-.013a1.388,1.388,0,0,1-1.1-1.311v-.013a1.392,1.392,0,0,1,.416-.97.311.311,0,0,0,.063-.063,1.283,1.283,0,0,1,.895-.328h.013a1.273,1.273,0,0,1,.945.391,1.319,1.319,0,0,1,.4.97A1.262,1.262,0,0,1,742.646,423.883Z" transform="translate(-720.856 -402.106)" fill="#006fba"/> <path id="Path_358" data-name="Path 358" d="M755.968,391.583a3.134,3.134,0,0,0-4.411,0v.013a3.06,3.06,0,0,0-.794,1.323,3.488,3.488,0,0,0,0,1.764,3.063,3.063,0,0,0,.794,1.323,2.988,2.988,0,0,0,2.205.92,3.076,3.076,0,0,0,1.7-.492,1.145,1.145,0,0,0,.252-.2l.013-.013a1.409,1.409,0,0,0,.24-.214,2.985,2.985,0,0,0,.92-2.205A3.025,3.025,0,0,0,755.968,391.583Zm-1.248,3.176a.412.412,0,0,1-.088.088q-.054.044-.113.088l.038-.013-.038.025a1.293,1.293,0,0,1-.756.214,1.266,1.266,0,0,1-.945-.391l-.013-.013a1.3,1.3,0,0,1-.391-.945v-.038a1.331,1.331,0,0,1,.391-.945h.013a1.264,1.264,0,0,1,.945-.391,1.3,1.3,0,0,1,.958.391,1.32,1.32,0,0,1,.4.97A1.28,1.28,0,0,1,754.721,394.759Z" transform="translate(-729.906 -380.304)" fill="#006fba"/> <path id="Path_359" data-name="Path 359" d="M743.918,362.533a2.983,2.983,0,0,0-2.18-.907h-.013a3.012,3.012,0,0,0-2.231.907,2.98,2.98,0,0,0-.895,2.205v.013a3.126,3.126,0,0,0,.315,1.386,3.228,3.228,0,0,0,.479.693.819.819,0,0,0,.113.1l.013.013a3.265,3.265,0,0,0,.6.479,3.094,3.094,0,0,0,3.793-.479,2.916,2.916,0,0,0,.857-1.575v.05a1.206,1.206,0,0,0,.038-.4c.009-.046.018-.1.025-.151a.766.766,0,0,0,.013-.126A3,3,0,0,0,743.918,362.533Zm-.87,2.407v.113a1.42,1.42,0,0,1-1.323,1.046,1.342,1.342,0,0,1-.97-.416l-.088-.088a1.267,1.267,0,0,1-.3-.857v-.013a1.289,1.289,0,0,1,.378-.945,1.324,1.324,0,0,1,.97-.391h.013a1.29,1.29,0,0,1,.945.391,1.328,1.328,0,0,1,.416.907Q743.065,364.83,743.048,364.94Z" transform="translate(-720.893 -358.576)" fill="#006fba"/> <path id="Path_360" data-name="Path 360" d="M686.323,421.59a2.783,2.783,0,0,0-.454-.668v-.013a.03.03,0,0,1-.013-.013,1.208,1.208,0,0,0-.139-.151,3.051,3.051,0,0,0-.58-.466,2.93,2.93,0,0,0-1.6-.454h-.013a2.944,2.944,0,0,0-2.205.907l-.013.013a2.946,2.946,0,0,0-.907,2.205v.013a3.12,3.12,0,0,0,3.125,3.1h.013a3.033,3.033,0,0,0,2.193-.907.055.055,0,0,1,.013-.013,3.1,3.1,0,0,0,.844-1.55.249.249,0,0,0,.013-.088,1.587,1.587,0,0,0,.025-.265c.008-.086.012-.183.013-.29A2.973,2.973,0,0,0,686.323,421.59Zm-1.462,1.55c0,.03,0,.06,0,.088a.106.106,0,0,0,0,.013,1.447,1.447,0,0,1-.365.655l-.013.013a1.347,1.347,0,0,1-.958.391h-.013a1.355,1.355,0,0,1-1.348-1.348v-.013a1.25,1.25,0,0,1,.391-.945l.013-.013a1.249,1.249,0,0,1,.945-.391h.013a1.255,1.255,0,0,1,.933.391.27.27,0,0,1,.025.025c.022.028.043.053.063.076a1.246,1.246,0,0,1,.328.87A1.169,1.169,0,0,1,684.861,423.14Z" transform="translate(-677.362 -402.106)" fill="#006fba"/> <path id="Path_361" data-name="Path 361" d="M674.462,392.919a3.118,3.118,0,0,0-3-2.243,3.047,3.047,0,0,0-2.218.907v.013a3.127,3.127,0,0,0,3.882,4.852,1.167,1.167,0,0,0,.3-.214,1.988,1.988,0,0,0,.239-.227,2.9,2.9,0,0,0,.794-1.323,3.15,3.15,0,0,0,0-1.764Zm-1.638.895a1.283,1.283,0,0,1-.4.945.149.149,0,0,1-.05.05,1.744,1.744,0,0,0-.176.139,1.239,1.239,0,0,1-.731.214,1.31,1.31,0,0,1-.958-.391l-.013-.013a1.318,1.318,0,0,1-.378-.958,1.36,1.36,0,0,1,.378-.97h.013a1.361,1.361,0,0,1,2.319.945Z" transform="translate(-668.35 -380.304)" fill="#006fba"/> <path id="Path_362" data-name="Path 362" d="M685.706,362.545l-.013-.013a2.953,2.953,0,0,0-2.205-.907h-.013a3.04,3.04,0,0,0-2.205.907v.013a3.059,3.059,0,0,0-.92,2.18v.013a3,3,0,0,0,.92,2.205,3.06,3.06,0,0,0,1.575.87.24.24,0,0,0,.038.013,1.964,1.964,0,0,0,.3.025c.089.007.181.012.277.013h.013a2.938,2.938,0,0,0,1.361-.3,2.616,2.616,0,0,0,.567-.365.487.487,0,0,0,.164-.139.472.472,0,0,0,.1-.113,2.742,2.742,0,0,0,.466-.58,3.022,3.022,0,0,0,.466-1.613v-.013A3.019,3.019,0,0,0,685.706,362.545Zm-.87,2.193a1.323,1.323,0,0,1-.416.958.33.33,0,0,1-.063.076.058.058,0,0,1-.025.025,1.182,1.182,0,0,1-.844.3h-.013a1.076,1.076,0,0,1-.176-.013h-.1a1.435,1.435,0,0,1-.681-.391,1.32,1.32,0,0,1-.4-.945v-.013a1.419,1.419,0,0,1,.4-.958h.013a1.308,1.308,0,0,1,.958-.391h.013a1.283,1.283,0,0,1,.945.391,1.326,1.326,0,0,1,.391.945Z" transform="translate(-677.325 -358.575)" fill="#006fba"/> <path id="Path_363" data-name="Path 363" d="M715.259,350.988a1.157,1.157,0,0,0-.214-.3,2.774,2.774,0,0,0-.227-.252,3,3,0,0,0-2.205-.907,3.047,3.047,0,0,0-2.218.907v.013a3.165,3.165,0,0,0,0,4.411l.013.013a3,3,0,0,0,1.348.781,3.2,3.2,0,0,0,.857.113h.038a3.308,3.308,0,0,0,.87-.126,3.035,3.035,0,0,0,1.3-.769v-.013a2.985,2.985,0,0,0,.92-2.205A3.028,3.028,0,0,0,715.259,350.988Zm-1.676,2.621h-.013a1.31,1.31,0,0,1-.933.391h-.025a1.33,1.33,0,0,1-.958-.378l-.013-.013a1.328,1.328,0,0,1-.378-.958,1.36,1.36,0,0,1,.378-.97h.013a1.369,1.369,0,0,1,1.916,0,.273.273,0,0,1,.05.063,1.749,1.749,0,0,0,.139.176,1.236,1.236,0,0,1,.214.731A1.31,1.31,0,0,1,713.583,353.609Z" transform="translate(-699.128 -349.526)" fill="#006fba"/> <path id="Path_364" data-name="Path 364" d="M707.345,382.043a3.488,3.488,0,0,1,0-1.764h-3.289a3.847,3.847,0,0,0-.6-1.4.016.016,0,0,0,0-.013l2.268-2.357a3.267,3.267,0,0,1-.6-.479l-.013-.013a.819.819,0,0,1-.113-.1,3.228,3.228,0,0,1-.479-.693l-2.331,2.42a4.071,4.071,0,0,0-1.3-.529v-3.34a3.308,3.308,0,0,1-.87.126h-.038a3.205,3.205,0,0,1-.857-.113V377.1a4.051,4.051,0,0,0-1.475.618l-2.344-2.268a2.743,2.743,0,0,1-.466.58.47.47,0,0,1-.1.113.488.488,0,0,1-.164.139,2.617,2.617,0,0,1-.567.365l2.42,2.344a4.1,4.1,0,0,0-.529,1.285H692.6a3.152,3.152,0,0,1,0,1.764h3.277a3.99,3.99,0,0,0,.6,1.474l-2.218,2.319a3.053,3.053,0,0,1,.58.466,1.206,1.206,0,0,1,.139.151.03.03,0,0,0,.013.013v.013a2.784,2.784,0,0,1,.454.668l2.294-2.394a3.9,3.9,0,0,0,1.374.542v3.226a3.166,3.166,0,0,1,.857-.113h.038a3.266,3.266,0,0,1,.87.126v-3.251a3.747,3.747,0,0,0,1.437-.618l2.306,2.231a3.858,3.858,0,0,1,.441-.554,1.165,1.165,0,0,1,.214-.2,3.362,3.362,0,0,1,.643-.441l-2.382-2.294a3.918,3.918,0,0,0,.542-1.361Zm-5.457-.87v.025a1.828,1.828,0,0,1-.466,1.26l-.1.1a1.845,1.845,0,0,1-1.336.555h-.013a1.841,1.841,0,0,1-1.336-.542l-.025-.025a1.822,1.822,0,0,1-.542-1.348v-.038a1.79,1.79,0,0,1,.529-1.273.973.973,0,0,0,.113-.139,1.875,1.875,0,0,1,1.26-.454H700a1.9,1.9,0,0,1,1.285.5l.025.025.013.013a1.951,1.951,0,0,1,.176.2h.013c.021.045.042.087.063.126a1.72,1.72,0,0,1,.315,1Z" transform="translate(-686.488 -367.664)" fill="#f16912"/> </g> </g> </g> </svg> </div> <div class="get-cont"> <span>For Franchisee Enquiries</span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- Get in touch popup --> <!-- School Popup --> <div class="popup-overlay" id="cbseModal"> <div class="modal-class"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="menu-content"> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/junior-class-1">- Class 1</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/junior-class-2">- Class 2</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/junior-class-3">- Class 3</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/junior-class-4">- Class 4</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/junior-class-5">- Class 5</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-6">- Class 6</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-7">- Class 7</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-8">- Class 8</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-9">- Class 9</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-10">- Class 10</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-11-science">- Class 11 Science</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-11-commerce">- Class 11 Commerce</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-12-science">- Class 12 Science</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/cbse-class-12-commerce">- Class 12 Commerce</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="popup-overlay" id="icseModal"> <div class="modal-class"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="menu-content"> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/junior-class-1">- Class 1</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/junior-class-2">- Class 2</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/junior-class-3">- Class 3</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/junior-class-4">- Class 4</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/junior-class-5">- Class 5</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-6">- Class 6</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-7">- Class 7</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-8">- Class 8</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-9">- Class 9</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-10">- Class 10</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- School Popup --> <!-- Search Popup --> <div class="popup-overlay" id="searchModal"> <div class="modal-class"> <div class="search-wrap-mb"> <div class="gcse-search"> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- Search Popup --> <input type="hidden" id="courseId" value="1"> <input type="hidden" id="boardId" value="110"> <input type="hidden" id="classId" value="7"> <input type="hidden" id="subjectId" value=""> <input type="hidden" id="chapterId" value=""> <input type="hidden" id="topicId" value=""> <!-- <link rel="preload" type="text/css" href="https://www.topperlearning.com/assets/v1/css/subject-style.css?v=5.55" as="style" onload="this.onload=null;this.rel='stylesheet'"> --> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://www.topperlearning.com/assets/v1/css/subject-style.css?v=5.55" data-async="true"> <!-- <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://www.topperlearning.com/assets/v1/css/home.css" media="print" onload="this.media='all'"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://www.topperlearning.com/assets/v1/css/footer.css" media="print" onload="this.media='all'"> --> <script src="https://www.topperlearning.com/assets/v1/js/scripts.min.js?v=5.55" defer></script> <!-- <script async='async' src='https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js' type="text/javascript"></script> --> <script> const completeCheckLogin = new Event('completeCheckLogin'); const completeCheckAccess = new Event('completeCheckAccess'); async function checkLogin() { var url = "https://www.topperlearning.com/ajax-request/check_login"; var formData = new FormData; var response = await fetch(url, { method: "POST", data: formData }); var res = await response.json(); pageData.is_user_logged_in = res.is_user_logged_in; if(res.cart_items_count > 0) { document.getElementById('cart-number').style.display = "flex"; document.getElementById('cart-number').innerHTML = res.cart_items_count; } if(res.has_subscription){ localStorage.setItem('showAds', 0); }else{ localStorage.setItem('showAds', 1); } if(res.is_user_logged_in) { if(res.last_name == null) { res.last_name = ''; } var fullName = res.first_name+" "+res.last_name; document.getElementById('usernameDesktop').innerHTML = fullName; document.getElementById('usernameMobile').innerHTML = fullName; document.getElementById('userBoardClassMobile').innerHTML = res.board_name+" "+res.class_name; if(isMobile){ document.getElementById('al-user-details').style.display = "block"; document.getElementById('al-login-wrap').style.display = "block"; document.getElementById('bl-user-details').style.display = "none"; document.getElementById('bl-login-wrap').style.display = "none"; }else{ document.getElementById('afl-box').style.display = "inline-block"; document.getElementById('bfl-box').style.display = "none"; } } window.dispatchEvent(completeCheckLogin); } checkLogin(); async function checkAccess(){ var formData = new FormData(); formData.append('element_id', elementId); formData.append('board_id', boardId); formData.append('class_id', classId); formData.append('subject_id', subjectId); formData.append('question_type', questionType); formData.append('chapterId', chapterId); formData.append('isVideo', isVideo); formData.append('videoType', videoTypeCheck); formData.append('videoLevel', videoLevel); var url = "https://www.topperlearning.com/ajax-request/check_access"; var response = await fetch(url, { method: "POST", body: formData }); var response = await response.json(); pageData.is_user_subscribed = response.data.is_allow; pageData.non_logged_in = response.data.non_logged_in; pageData.message = response.data.message; pageData.sub_count = response.data.subs_count; window.dispatchEvent(completeCheckAccess); } window.addEventListener('completeCheckLogin', function(){ if(elementId > 0){ checkAccess(); } if (pageData.is_user_logged_in == 1) { window.addEventListener('beforeunload', function (e) { setTimeout(function() { userMonitoring(); // Call the API before the page unloads or redirects }, 0); }); } }); // Update the count down every 1 var pageTime = 0; var x = setInterval(async function() { pgTimeHours = Math.floor(pageTime / 3600); pgTimeMinutes = Math.floor(pageTime / 60); pgTimeSeconds = pageTime - pgTimeMinutes * 60; pgTimeHours = pgTimeHours < 10 ? "0" + pgTimeHours : pgTimeHours; pgTimeMinutes = pgTimeMinutes < 10 ? "0" + pgTimeMinutes : pgTimeMinutes; pgTimeSeconds = pgTimeSeconds < 10 ? "0" + pgTimeSeconds : pgTimeSeconds; totalTimeOnPage = pgTimeHours+':'+pgTimeMinutes +':'+pgTimeSeconds; document.querySelector('input[name="onPageTimer"]').value= totalTimeOnPage; pageTime++; }, 1000); async function userMonitoring() { var time = document.querySelector('input[name="onPageTimer"]').value; var formData = new FormData(); formData.append('element_id', elementId); formData.append('board_id', boardId); formData.append('class_id', classId); formData.append('subject_id', subjectId); formData.append('question_type', questionType); formData.append('chapter_id', chapterId); formData.append('topic_id', topicId); formData.append('content_id', contentId); formData.append('ref_url', pageUrl); formData.append('activity_time', time); formData.append('is_static_content', isStaticContent); // formData.append('is_consumption', isConsumption); // formData.append('consumptionTime', consumptionTime); formData.append('seoTitle', seoTitle); formData.append('pdfData', JSON.stringify(pdfData)); formData.append('videoData', JSON.stringify(videoData)); formData.append('html_content_consumption', htmlContentConsumption); var url = "https://www.topperlearning.com/ajax-request/user_journey_mapping"; var response = await fetch(url, { method: "POST", body: formData }); } </script> <!-- <script> window.addEventListener("scroll", function () { let gptScript = document.createElement("script"); gptScript.src = "https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js"; document.getElementsByTagName("head")[0].appendChild(gptScript); }, {once: true}); </script> --> <!-- Outbrain --> <!-- End Outbrain --> <!-- Izooto --> <script> window._izq = window._izq || []; window._izq.push(["init"]); </script> <script> window.addEventListener("scroll", function () { let izootoScript = document.createElement("script"); izootoScript.src = "https://cdn.izooto.com/scripts/c79560c657492a2bc9e0aca93191450a16c1f75e.js"; izootoScript.async = true; document.getElementsByTagName("head")[0].appendChild(izootoScript); }, {once: true}); </script> <script> window._izq.push(["userProfile",{"add":{ "Category": ["icse-class-8"]} }]); </script> <!-- End Izooto --> <!-- cse.js --> <script> function googleSearch(){ let cseScript = document.createElement("script"); cseScript.src = "//www.google.com/cse/cse.js?cx=009289799245032594579:rhbwjoogx6g"; cseScript.async = true; document.getElementsByTagName("head")[0].appendChild(cseScript); // document.getElementById("gsc-i-id1").addEventListener("click", function(){ } document.getElementById("cseInput").addEventListener("click", function(){ googleSearch(); }, {once: true}); document.getElementById("mobileSearchBtn").addEventListener("click", function(){ googleSearch(); }, {once: true}); </script> <!-- End cse.js --> <!-- jivo --> <script> window.addEventListener("scroll", function () { let jivoScript = document.createElement("script"); jivoScript.async = true; jivoScript.src = "//code.jivosite.com/widget.js"; jivoScript.setAttribute("data-jv-id", 'pZ7R0sMph0') document.getElementsByTagName("head")[0].appendChild(jivoScript); }, {once: true}); </script> <!-- End jivo --> <script type="application/ld+json"> { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "WebPage", "name": "ICSE Class 8 Short Answer Questions Online - TopperLearning", "description": "Discover ICSE Class 8 short answer questions tests at TopperLearning. Sign up today for full access and boost your academic performance with tailored practice.", "keywords":"ICSE Class 8 Subjective Questions, ICSE Class 8 Short Answer Questions", "url" : "https://www.topperlearning.com/icse-class-8-saq" } </script> <script> document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function() { var lazyBackgrounds = [].slice.call(document.querySelectorAll(".lazy-background")); if ("IntersectionObserver" in window && "IntersectionObserverEntry" in window && "intersectionRatio" in window.IntersectionObserverEntry.prototype) { let lazyBackgroundObserver = new IntersectionObserver(function(entries, observer) { entries.forEach(function(entry) { if (entry.isIntersecting) { entry.target.classList.add("visible"); lazyBackgroundObserver.unobserve(entry.target); } }); }); lazyBackgrounds.forEach(function(lazyBackground) { lazyBackgroundObserver.observe(lazyBackground); }); } }); </script> <script type="text/javascript">window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.info={"beacon":"bam.nr-data.net","licenseKey":"169254e235","applicationID":"1555572485","transactionName":"MVNaZ0BRV0RWWkINDAgZbUFbH1pYWU1ECw8KU0pAHUYIGEVcUREPB0QXYFNBe1hWS1InDwdFS39TXl1eWV4YFAsW","queueTime":0,"applicationTime":199,"atts":"HRRZEQhLREo=","errorBeacon":"bam.nr-data.net","agent":""}</script></body> </html>

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10