CINXE.COM

李渔 - 维基百科,自由的百科全书

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="zh" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>李渔 - 维基百科,自由的百科全书</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )zhwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"zh", "wgMonthNames":["","1月","2月","3月","4月","5月","6月","7月","8月","9月","10月","11月","12月"],"wgRequestId":"fe6ea5d2-702a-493e-ac9d-9a0dd98a41cc","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"李渔","wgTitle":"李渔","wgCurRevisionId":85044027,"wgRevisionId":85044027,"wgArticleId":91556,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["包含FAST标识符的维基百科条目","包含ISNI标识符的维基百科条目","包含VIAF标识符的维基百科条目","包含WorldCat实体标识符的维基百科条目","包含BIBSYS标识符的维基百科条目","包含BNE标识符的维基百科条目","包含BNF标识符的维基百科条目","包含BNFdata标识符的维基百科条目","包含CANTICN标识符的维基百科条目","包含GND标识符的维基百科条目","包含ICCU标识符的维基百科条目","包含J9U标识符的维基百科条目", "包含LCCN标识符的维基百科条目","包含Libris标识符的维基百科条目","包含NDL标识符的维基百科条目","包含NKC标识符的维基百科条目","包含NLC标识符的维基百科条目","包含NLG标识符的维基百科条目","包含NLK标识符的维基百科条目","包含NTA标识符的维基百科条目","包含PLWABN标识符的维基百科条目","包含PortugalA标识符的维基百科条目","包含CINII标识符的维基百科条目","包含CBDB标识符的维基百科条目","包含SHL标识符的维基百科条目","包含Sinica标识符的维基百科条目","包含Trove标识符的维基百科条目","包含HKCAN标识符的维基百科条目","包含SUDOC标识符的维基百科条目","典范条目","1611年出生","1680年逝世","清朝剧作家","清朝小说家","李姓","兰溪人","浙江编剧","園藝與造園學家","在杭州身亡者","如皋人","南明人物","在清朝身亡者","明朝生员"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"zh", "wgPageContentLanguage":"zh","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"李渔","wgRelevantArticleId":91556,"wgUserVariant":"zh","wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"zh","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":["zh-hans","zh-hant","zh-cn","zh-tw","zh-hk","zh-sg","zh-mo","zh-my"]},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":50000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q310898", "wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.large-font":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc", "skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.edit0","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.gadget.UnihanTooltips","ext.gadget.Difflink","ext.gadget.pseudonamespace-UI","ext.gadget.SpecialWikitext","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.VariantAlly","ext.gadget.AdvancedSiteNotices","ext.gadget.hideConversionTab","ext.gadget.internalLinkHelper-altcolor","ext.gadget.noteTA","ext.gadget.NavFrame","ext.gadget.collapsibleTables","ext.gadget.scrollUpButton","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&amp;modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=zh&amp;modules=startup&amp;only=scripts&amp;raw=1&amp;skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&amp;modules=ext.gadget.large-font&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=vector-2022"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&amp;modules=site.styles&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Portrait_of_Li_Yu.png/1200px-Portrait_of_Li_Yu.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1719"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Portrait_of_Li_Yu.png/800px-Portrait_of_Li_Yu.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1146"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Portrait_of_Li_Yu.png/640px-Portrait_of_Li_Yu.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="917"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="李渔 - 维基百科,自由的百科全书"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E6%B8%94"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="编辑本页" href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%8E%E6%B8%94&amp;action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (zh)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//zh.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E6%B8%94"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E6%B8%94"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hans/%E6%9D%8E%E6%B8%94"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/%E6%9D%8E%E6%B8%94"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-my/%E6%9D%8E%E6%B8%94"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-sg/%E6%9D%8E%E6%B8%94"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hant/%E6%9D%8E%E6%B8%94"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hk/%E6%9D%8E%E6%B8%94"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-mo/%E6%9D%8E%E6%B8%94"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E6%9D%8E%E6%B8%94"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E6%B8%94"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.zh"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia的Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9&amp;feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-李渔 rootpage-李渔 skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">跳转到内容</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="主菜单" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">主菜单</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">主菜单</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 导航 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" title="访问首页[z]" accesskey="z"><span>首页</span></a></li><li id="n-indexpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95" title="以分类索引搜寻中文维基百科"><span>分类索引</span></a></li><li id="n-Featured_content" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%89%B9%E8%89%B2%E5%85%A7%E5%AE%B9" title="查看中文维基百科的特色内容"><span>特色内容</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E5%8B%95%E6%85%8B" title="提供当前新闻事件的背景资料"><span>新闻动态</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9" title="列出维基百科中的最近修改[r]" accesskey="r"><span>最近更改</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%9A%8F%E6%9C%BA%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="随机载入一个页面[x]" accesskey="x"><span>随机条目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-help" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-help" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 帮助 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E7%9B%AE%E5%BD%95" title="寻求帮助"><span>帮助</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%A4%BE%E7%BE%A4%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" title="关于本计划、你可以做什么、应该如何做"><span>维基社群</span></a></li><li id="n-policy" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%96%B9%E9%87%9D%E8%88%87%E6%8C%87%E5%BC%95" title="查看维基百科的方针和指引"><span>方针与指引</span></a></li><li id="n-villagepump" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%BA%92%E5%8A%A9%E5%AE%A2%E6%A0%88" title="参与维基百科社群的讨论"><span>互助客栈</span></a></li><li id="n-Information_desk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86%E9%97%AE%E7%AD%94" title="解答任何与维基百科无关的问题的地方"><span>知识问答</span></a></li><li id="n-conversion" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%AD%97%E8%AF%8D%E8%BD%AC%E6%8D%A2" title="提出字词转换请求"><span>字词转换</span></a></li><li id="n-IRC" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC%E8%81%8A%E5%A4%A9%E9%A2%91%E9%81%93"><span>IRC即时聊天</span></a></li><li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E8%81%94%E7%BB%9C%E6%88%91%E4%BB%AC" title="如何联络维基百科"><span>联络我们</span></a></li><li id="n-about" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E" title="查看维基百科的简介"><span>关于维基百科</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="维基百科" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-zh.svg" style="width: 6.5625em; height: 1.375em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="自由的百科全书" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-zh.svg" width="103" height="14" style="width: 6.4375em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%90%9C%E7%B4%A2" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="搜索维基百科[f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>搜索</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="搜索维基百科" aria-label="搜索维基百科" autocapitalize="sentences" title="搜索维基百科[f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:搜索"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">搜索</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="个人工具"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="更改页面字体大小、宽度和颜色的外观" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="外观" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">外观</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&amp;wmf_medium=sidebar&amp;wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=zh" class=""><span>资助维基百科</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&amp;returnto=%E6%9D%8E%E6%B8%94" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录,但这不是强制性的" class=""><span>创建账号</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&amp;returnto=%E6%9D%8E%E6%B8%94" title="建议你登录,尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>登录</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="更多选项" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="个人工具" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">个人工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&amp;wmf_medium=sidebar&amp;wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=zh"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&amp;returnto=%E6%9D%8E%E6%B8%94" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录,但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&amp;returnto=%E6%9D%8E%E6%B8%94" title="建议你登录,尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-生平" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#生平"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>生平</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-生平-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关生平子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-生平-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-幼年至壯年" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#幼年至壯年"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>幼年至壯年</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-幼年至壯年-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-中年及老年" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#中年及老年"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>中年及老年</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-中年及老年-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-家庭" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#家庭"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>家庭</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-家庭-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-文學" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#文學"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>文學</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-文學-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关文學子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-文學-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-戲曲" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#戲曲"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>戲曲</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-戲曲-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-小說" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#小說"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>小說</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-小說-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-中短篇小說" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#中短篇小說"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>中短篇小說</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-中短篇小說-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-長篇小說" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#長篇小說"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.2</span> <span>長篇小說</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-長篇小說-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-散文" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#散文"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>散文</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-散文-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-文學批評" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#文學批評"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>文學批評</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-文學批評-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-思想" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#思想"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>思想</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-思想-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-史學" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#史學"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>史學</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-史學-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-建築" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#建築"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>建築</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-建築-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-評價與地位" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#評價與地位"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>評價與地位</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-評價與地位-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关評價與地位子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-評價與地位-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-清代" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#清代"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>清代</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-清代-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-現代中國" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#現代中國"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>現代中國</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-現代中國-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-國外" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#國外"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>國外</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-國外-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>參考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-延伸閱讀" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#延伸閱讀"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>延伸閱讀</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-延伸閱讀-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">李渔</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。34种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-34" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">34种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A_%D9%8A%D9%88_(%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A8)" title="لي يو (كاتب) – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لي يو (كاتب)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%89_%D9%8A%D9%88_(%D9%85%D9%85%D8%AB%D9%84)" title="لى يو (ممثل) – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لى يو (ممثل)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Liweng" title="Li Liweng – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Li Liweng" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Liweng" title="Li Liweng – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Li Liweng" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_J%C3%BC_(spisovatel)" title="Li Jü (spisovatel) – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Li Jü (spisovatel)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Yu_(Schriftsteller)" title="Li Yu (Schriftsteller) – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Li Yu (Schriftsteller)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Yu_(1611%E2%80%931680)" title="Li Yu (1611–1680) – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Li Yu (1611–1680)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Liweng" title="Li Liweng – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Li Liweng" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Liweng" title="Li Liweng – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Li Liweng" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Liweng" title="Li Liweng – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Li Liweng" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Yu_(kirjailija)" title="Li Yu (kirjailija) – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Li Yu (kirjailija)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Yu_(1611-1680)" title="Li Yu (1611-1680) – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Li Yu (1611-1680)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Liweng" title="Li Liweng – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Li Liweng" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_J%C3%BC_(%C3%ADr%C3%B3)" title="Li Jü (író) – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Li Jü (író)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Liweng" title="Li Liweng – 国际语" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Li Liweng" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="国际语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Liweng" title="Li Liweng – 国际文字(E)" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Li Liweng" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="国际文字(E)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C7%90_Y%C3%BA" title="Lǐ Yú – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lǐ Yú" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E6%BC%81" title="李漁 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="李漁" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EC%96%B4_(%EB%AC%B8%EC%9D%B8)" title="이어 (문인) – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="이어 (문인)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Yu_(scriptor)" title="Li Yu (scriptor) – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Li Yu (scriptor)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Liweng" title="Li Liweng – 拉迪诺语" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Li Liweng" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="拉迪诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Liweng" title="Li Liweng – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Li Liweng" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Yu" title="Li Yu – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Li Yu" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Yu_(pisarz)" title="Li Yu (pisarz) – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Li Yu (pisarz)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Liweng" title="Li Liweng – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Li Liweng" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Yu_(scriitor)" title="Li Yu (scriitor) – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Li Yu (scriitor)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8_%D0%AE%D0%B9_(%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3)" title="Ли Юй (драматург) – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ли Юй (драматург)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Yu" title="Li Yu – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Li Yu" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Yu" title="Li Yu – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Li Yu" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Liweng" title="Li Liweng – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Li Liweng" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96_%D0%AE%D0%B9_(%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3)" title="Лі Юй (драматург) – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Лі Юй (драматург)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%BD_Ng%C6%B0" title="Lý Ngư – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Lý Ngư" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E6%BC%81" title="李漁 – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="李漁" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="文言文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E6%BC%81" title="李漁 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="李漁" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q310898#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E6%B8%94" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E6%9D%8E%E6%B8%94" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/%E6%9D%8E%E6%B8%94" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/%E6%9D%8E%E6%B8%94" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/%E6%9D%8E%E6%B8%94" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/%E6%9D%8E%E6%B8%94" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/%E6%9D%8E%E6%B8%94" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-mo/%E6%9D%8E%E6%B8%94" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/%E6%9D%8E%E6%B8%94" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/%E6%9D%8E%E6%B8%94" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-tw/%E6%9D%8E%E6%B8%94" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="查看"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E6%B8%94"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%8E%E6%B8%94&amp;action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%8E%E6%B8%94&amp;action=history" title="本页面的早前版本。[h]" accesskey="h"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="工具" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E6%B8%94"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%8E%E6%B8%94&amp;action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%8E%E6%B8%94&amp;action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/%E6%9D%8E%E6%B8%94" title="列出所有与本页相链的页面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链入页面</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E6%9D%8E%E6%B8%94" rel="nofollow" title="页面链出所有页面的更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project:%E4%B8%8A%E4%BC%A0" title="上传图像或多媒体文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="全部特殊页面的列表[q]" accesskey="q"><span>特殊页面</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%8E%E6%B8%94&amp;oldid=85044027" title="此页面该修订版本的固定链接"><span>固定链接</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%8E%E6%B8%94&amp;action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息"><span>页面信息</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E6%AD%A4%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2&amp;page=%E6%9D%8E%E6%B8%94&amp;id=85044027&amp;wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="有关如何引用此页面的信息"><span>引用此页</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E6%259D%258E%25E6%25B8%2594"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E6%259D%258E%25E6%25B8%2594"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&amp;page=%E6%9D%8E%E6%B8%94&amp;action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Li_Yu_(playwright)" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikiquote.org/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E6%BC%81" hreflang="zh"><span>维基语录</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikisource mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:%E6%9D%8E%E6%BC%81" hreflang="zh"><span>维基文库</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q310898" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-FA" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%B8%E8%8C%83%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="这是典范条目,点此获取更多信息。"><img alt="典范条目" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/24px-Cscr-featured.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/36px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/48px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="443" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科,自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732082">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #FFFFDD">李漁</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="background-color:#CDDBE8">文学家、戏剧家</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Li_Yu.png" class="mw-file-description" title="李渔"><img alt="李渔" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Portrait_of_Li_Yu.png/200px-Portrait_of_Li_Yu.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="287" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Portrait_of_Li_Yu.png/300px-Portrait_of_Li_Yu.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Portrait_of_Li_Yu.png/400px-Portrait_of_Li_Yu.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="2149" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">日本《唐土奇談》中的李漁畫像</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">國家</th><td class="infobox-data country-name" style="">明朝、清朝</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">時代</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">明末清初</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">姓名</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">李漁</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A8%E5%AD%97" title="表字">字</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">笠鴻</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%99%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="號">號</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">笠翁</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">籍貫</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%99%E6%B1%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="浙江">浙江</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%98%AD%E6%BA%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="蘭溪">蘭溪</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">其他名號</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">笠道人、隨庵主人、湖上笠翁、覺世稗官、覺道人、十郎</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">出生</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1611-09-13</span>)</span>1611年9月13日(<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E7%A5%9E%E5%AE%97" title="明神宗">明神宗</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%87%E5%8E%86" title="万历">万历</a>39年8月7日)<br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%98%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="大明">大明</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E7%9B%B4%E9%9A%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="南直隸">南直隸</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%8F%9A%E5%B7%9E%E5%BA%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="揚州府">揚州府</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E5%B7%9E_(%E6%B3%B0%E5%B7%9E%E5%B8%82)" title="泰州 (泰州市)">泰州</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%A6%82%E7%9A%8B%E5%8E%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="如皋县">如皋縣</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">逝世</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1680年2月12日<span style="display:none">(<span class="dday deathdate">1680歲—02—12</span>)</span>(68歲)(<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E8%81%96%E7%A5%96" class="mw-redirect" title="清聖祖">清聖祖</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E7%86%99" title="康熙">康熙</a>19年1月13日)(虛歲:70)<br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B8%85" class="mw-redirect" title="大清">大清</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%99%E6%B1%9F%E7%9C%81_(%E6%B8%85)" class="mw-redirect" title="浙江省 (清)">浙江省</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%AD%E5%B7%9E%E5%BA%9C" title="杭州府">杭州府</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84560819">.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered{border-collapse:collapse}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered th{border:1px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .borderless td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .borderless th{border:0}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border:0;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-right:1px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;border-right:1px solid #a2a9b1}</style><table class="infobox bordered mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 100%; margin: 0; padding: 0; border: none;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background: #CFCFCF; text-align: center">親屬<span id="mw-collapsible-toggle-placeholder"></span></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B6%E8%A6%AA" title="父親">父親</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">李如松</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">妻</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">徐氏</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%84%E5%BC%9F" title="兄弟">兄弟</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">李名茂<sup id="cite_ref-張_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-張-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:33</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%92%E5%AD%90" title="兒子">子</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">李將舒、李將開</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">女</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">李淑昭、李淑慧</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header collapsible collapsed" style="background: #CFCFCF;">出身</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E5%91%98" title="生员">生員</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header collapsible collapsed" style="background: #CFCFCF;">著作</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align:left;">《笠翁十種曲》、《<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E5%A3%B0%E6%88%8F" title="无声戏">無聲戲</a>》、《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E6%A8%93" class="mw-redirect" title="十二樓">十二樓</a>》、《<a href="/wiki/%E9%97%B2%E6%83%85%E5%81%B6%E5%AF%84" title="闲情偶寄">閑情偶寄</a>》</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>李漁</b>(1611年9月13日—1680年2月12日)<sup id="cite_ref-張_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-張-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:32、90</sup>,原名<b>仙侣</b>,號<b>天徒</b>,字<b>謫凡</b>,於1646年自名<b>漁</b>,取號<b>笠翁</b>,字<b>笠鴻</b>。又號<b>笠道人</b>、<b>隨庵主人</b>、<b>湖上笠翁</b>、<b>覺世稗官</b>、<b>覺道人</b>、<b>十郎</b>等,<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%99%E6%B1%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="浙江">浙江</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%98%AD%E6%BA%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="蘭溪">蘭溪</a>人<sup id="cite_ref-張_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-張-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:1、32</sup>。李漁多才多藝,富於創業精神,集學者、作家、出版商於一身<sup id="cite_ref-張_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-張-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:導言1</sup>,出身於醫術世家,年輕時中秀才,入清後退隱不仕,放棄科舉考試,先後居於<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%AD%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="杭州">杭州</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="南京">南京</a>,與高官顯要交往密切,寫作維生,著作甚豐。李漁撰有戲曲十齣,皆為南方<a href="/wiki/%E5%82%B3%E5%A5%87_(%E6%88%B2%E5%8A%87)" title="傳奇 (戲劇)">傳奇</a>傳統的<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%86%E6%9B%B2" title="昆曲">昆曲</a>形式,情節佈局、人物性格塑造、賓白技巧上皆突於前人,通俗而平易明瞭,旨在娛樂,以《<a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%A8%E7%AE%8F%E8%AA%A4" title="風箏誤">風箏誤</a>》最為膾炙人口。小說方面,李漁撰有短篇小說集《無聲戲》及《十二樓》,措辭優雅精準,故事結構明晰,敘事方式富有創意,以幽默諷刺與豐富想像力見長,代表作為《夏宜樓》、《拂雲樓》,世傳又撰有色情小說《<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%89%E8%92%B2%E5%9C%98" class="mw-redirect" title="肉蒲團">肉蒲團</a>》。李漁文集《<a href="/wiki/%E9%97%B2%E6%83%85%E5%81%B6%E5%AF%84" title="闲情偶寄">閑情偶寄</a>》立意新穎富有個性,討論生活情趣,範圍廣泛。李漁也是戲劇批評家,詳論戲曲的寫法直至實際表演之事,其戲曲之論乃建立於經驗基礎。李漁在世時作品甚為流行,婦孺皆知、老嫗能解。其後多部著作被清朝列為禁書,逐漸為人淡忘;然於20世紀初之<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="新文學運動">新文學運動</a>中,李漁被重新「發現」,其戲曲方面的成就受學術界一致好評。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="生平"><span id=".E7.94.9F.E5.B9.B3"></span>生平</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%8E%E6%B8%94&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="编辑章节:生平"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="幼年至壯年"><span id=".E5.B9.BC.E5.B9.B4.E8.87.B3.E5.A3.AF.E5.B9.B4"></span>幼年至壯年</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%8E%E6%B8%94&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="编辑章节:幼年至壯年"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>李漁生於<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E8%98%87" class="mw-redirect" title="江蘇">江蘇</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%A6%82%E7%9A%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="如皋">如皋</a>,李家在當地經營藥品買賣,開有藥鋪,世代行醫,父親李如松、伯父李如椿均在如皋行醫。李漁從小就背誦詩歌,聰慧出眾,成為李家族人中舉出仕的希望。李漁一家後來搬返故鄉<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%AD%E6%BA%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="蘭溪">蘭溪</a>,1629年父親李如松過世<sup id="cite_ref-張_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-張-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:32-33</sup>,但家境尚未受影響。1635年,李漁赴<a href="/wiki/%E5%A9%BA%E5%B7%9E" title="婺州">婺州</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E8%8F%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="金華">金華</a>)應<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%A5%E5%AD%90%E8%AF%95" class="mw-redirect" title="童子试">童子試</a>,即中<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E5%91%98" title="生员">生員</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%80%E6%89%8D" title="秀才">秀才</a>),受到主考官<a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%B1%E8%B1%B8" title="許豸">許豸</a>特別拔舉,試卷被印出來,在當地文人流傳。日後李漁一直感懷許豸的賞識。李漁中秀才之後,在宗祠所在的伊山買地,並在小丘上修建居所,名為「伊園」。他在1636年及1639年參加鄉試,但皆落榜,頗受打擊<sup id="cite_ref-張_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-張-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:34-35</sup>。其後三年李漁在鄉間隱居,生活快樂暇逸。1642年,李漁赴省城考試,在蘭溪東北途中因軍事警戒而被迫返回。同年母親逝世,李漁開始自主為家庭負責<sup id="cite_ref-張_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-張-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:36-38</sup>。這時家境趨於窘困,李漁只好辭去僕人,遣散親戚。1643年,李漁遷到金華府治婺州,這是因為要參加舉人考試,生員每年尚須通過一次考試,住在婺州較為方便。1644年初,金華府爆發<a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%B8%E9%83%BD_(%E4%B8%9C%E9%98%B3)" title="许都 (东阳)">許都</a>之亂,李漁在造反者佔領婺州之前逃避到附近山間。不久官軍收復婺州,許都被殺,李漁遂搬回婺州<sup id="cite_ref-張_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-張-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:39、42、44</sup>。 </p><p>1644年5月清兵入關,翌年6月進入南京,<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%98%E5%85%89%E5%B8%9D" title="弘光帝">弘光政權</a>結束。明朝敗軍由<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%89_(%E6%98%8E%E6%9C%9D)" title="方國安 (明朝)">方國安</a>率領,攻擊<a href="/wiki/%E5%A9%BA%E5%B7%9E" title="婺州">婺州</a><sup id="cite_ref-張_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-張-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:44</sup>,李漁又再逃離府城,之後方國安在明魯王<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%B1%E4%BB%A5%E6%B5%B7" title="朱以海">朱以海</a>命令下撤軍,李漁才回到婺州,發現房子已被燒燬,書籍、手稿、財產都付諸一炬,無家可歸。這時<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E8%8F%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="金華">金華</a>府<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E7%9F%A5" title="同知">同知</a>許檄彩收納李漁入幕下,李漁得以在官署避難,受到善待並獲贈曹氏為妾。1646年,清軍進入浙東<sup id="cite_ref-張_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-張-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:46</sup>,攻陷與洗劫金華城,李漁事先逃入山中。後因金華城毀於戰火,他回到故鄉<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%AD%E6%BA%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="蘭溪">蘭溪</a>,於1647年剃髮以示臣服滿清<sup id="cite_ref-張_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-張-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:47</sup>。戰亂和旱災下,李漁難以養家糊口,遂賣去蘭溪伊園土地,移居<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%AD%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="杭州">杭州</a><sup id="cite_ref-張_1-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-張-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:49</sup>。但李漁不肯為清朝服務,不參加清朝科舉考試,不求官職而做隱逸文人<sup id="cite_ref-張_1-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-張-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:94、56、58</sup>。從1648至1657年,李漁居住杭州十年,成為職業作家,靠寫作維生,寫成多篇小說和六部戲劇,戲曲很受歡迎,得到好評,結交了不少當地名流顯要。短篇白話小說於1654年和1658年分別結集出版,題為《無聲戲一集》和《無聲戲二集》,都是由浙江<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E6%94%BF%E4%BD%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="布政使">布政使</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%A0%E7%BC%99%E5%BD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="张缙彦">張縉彦</a>印行<sup id="cite_ref-張_1-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-張-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:50-51</sup>。李漁在杭州也寫了12篇中短篇小說合集《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E6%A8%93" class="mw-redirect" title="十二樓">十二樓</a>》。在杭州最後幾年,李漁開始鑽研吏治,收集有關經世文論,編成《資治新書》<sup id="cite_ref-張_1-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-張-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:52、55</sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="中年及老年"><span id=".E4.B8.AD.E5.B9.B4.E5.8F.8A.E8.80.81.E5.B9.B4"></span>中年及老年</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%8E%E6%B8%94&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="编辑章节:中年及老年"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jiezi_Garden_21_2019-06.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Jiezi_Garden_21_2019-06.jpg/260px-Jiezi_Garden_21_2019-06.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Jiezi_Garden_21_2019-06.jpg/390px-Jiezi_Garden_21_2019-06.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Jiezi_Garden_21_2019-06.jpg/520px-Jiezi_Garden_21_2019-06.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4912" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>南京老门东重建的芥子园</figcaption></figure> <p>1657年,李漁離開杭州遷居<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="南京">南京</a>,據說是因為著作遭到蘇杭的書商盜印,故移居南京要求當局制止盜版行為。李漁在南京建立自己的印書館,出版書籍,開辦書店,盡力償還債務。除了賣書,他還設計了一些箋簡出售<sup id="cite_ref-張_1-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-張-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:62-63</sup>。從1657至1677年,李漁居住南京約20年,成為成功的商人,生活豐足,交遊廣闊,由自己的出版社「芥子園」來印刷、宣傳和發行他本人的作品,也是成功的職業作家<sup id="cite_ref-張_1-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-張-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:64、導言3</sup>。他最終完成小說集《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E6%A8%93" class="mw-redirect" title="十二樓">十二樓</a>》,還寫了四部<a href="/wiki/%E5%82%B3%E5%A5%87_(%E6%88%B2%E5%8A%87)" title="傳奇 (戲劇)">傳奇</a>。他出版了有關政府管理的文集《資治新書》15卷,共收入652篇文章,包括李漁自己所作有關司法的六篇長文。李漁有些朋友和資助人擔任高官,如<a href="/wiki/%E9%BE%94%E9%BC%8E%E5%AD%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="龔鼎孳">龔鼎孳</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%A2%E9%A1%8D%E5%9C%96" title="索額圖">索額圖</a>,<a href="/wiki/%E8%8C%83%E6%89%BF%E8%AC%A8" title="范承謨">范承謨</a>、陳啟泰、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B5%E5%8B%87_(%E6%98%8E%E6%9C%AB%E6%B8%85%E5%88%9D)" title="張勇 (明末清初)">張勇</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%88%E6%BC%A2%E5%BE%A9" title="賈漢復">賈漢復</a>、劉斗等,他們欣賞李漁的多才多藝,十分尊重他,出手慷慨。李漁在他們的邀請下得以多次旅行,足跡遍及大半個中國<sup id="cite_ref-張_1-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-張-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:65、69</sup>。1669年,他在南京建造庭園「<a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%A5%E5%AD%90%E5%9B%AD" title="芥子园">芥子園</a>」,坐落在<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E9%98%B3%E9%97%A8_(%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC)" class="mw-redirect" title="正阳门 (南京)">正陽門</a>附近的小山上,他的印書館也命名為芥子園。李漁曾為<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%88%E6%BC%A2%E5%BE%A9" title="賈漢復">賈漢復</a>在北京設計庭園「半畝園」,並出遊四方尋找資助人,在1666和1673年兩次到京城,1666到1667年,他到過<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E8%A5%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="山西">山西</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%9D%E8%A5%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="陝西">陝西</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%98%E8%82%85" class="mw-redirect" title="甘肅">甘肅</a>,1668年到<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E6%9D%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="廣東">廣東</a>,1670年到<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E5%BB%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="福建">福建</a>,1672年到<a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%96%E5%8C%97" class="mw-redirect" title="湖北">湖北</a><sup id="cite_ref-張_1-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-張-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:72-73</sup>。 </p><p>李漁的另一收入來自他的家庭戲班,他常帶自家戲班到其他城市演出,戲班主要成員有他的兩位愛妾:喬復生與王再來<sup id="cite_ref-張_1-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-張-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:72、74</sup>。 1674年,李漁造訪<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%AD%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="杭州">杭州</a>,次年準備搬回杭州。1675年,他帶十五歲的長子李將舒和十四歲的次子李將開回到故鄉<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%99%E6%B1%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="浙江">浙江</a>參加科舉<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%A5%E8%AF%95" class="mw-redirect" title="童试">童試</a>。他對於兒子參加科舉一事深感矛盾和羞愧。1676年,他買下<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%B9%96" title="西湖">西湖</a>東南岸雲居山東一塊土地,建造住宅,名之為「層園」,在南京賣掉他的書店和<a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%A5%E5%AD%90%E5%9B%AD" title="芥子园">芥子園</a>等,償還債務。1677年李家離開南京搬到杭州<sup id="cite_ref-張_1-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-張-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:82、85</sup>。1679年,李漁修訂和重編陳百峰《女史》,完成《千古奇文》,這是一部女子模範行為故事集。同年女婿沈心友向李漁介紹由<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E6%A6%82" title="王概">王概</a>所編,帶有插圖的畫傳,李漁對此書愛不釋手,將其出版,即《<a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%A5%E5%AD%90%E5%9B%AD%E7%94%BB%E4%BC%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="芥子园画传">芥子園畫傳</a>》第一部<sup id="cite_ref-張_1-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-張-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:86-87</sup>,並叫沈心友準備出版續集。1680年2月12日李漁逝世於層園,享年七十<sup id="cite_ref-張_1-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-張-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:88、90</sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="家庭"><span id=".E5.AE.B6.E5.BA.AD"></span>家庭</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%8E%E6%B8%94&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="编辑章节:家庭"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>李漁家庭生活幸福和諧,他和妻子徐氏關係十分融洽。徐氏充滿愛心,善解人意,為李漁盛讚。在戰亂期間,徐氏與妾侍曹氏忍受苦難,並無怨言,互相憐愛,十分愛慕李漁<sup id="cite_ref-張_1-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-張-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:39、50</sup>。晚年時李漁有一妻數妾,七兒三女,兩個女婿,兩個兒媳和五個孫子孫女。此外,李家有十餘個僕人。李漁要養活一家的人口總共約有40個。愛妾之一喬復生,由朋友贈與李漁,是天生的歌唱能手,正因為有了她李漁才組織戲班。李漁十分欣賞她的表演天才,僱用一位老優教她歌曲,歌藝突飛猛進,並能教導李漁其他妾侍唱曲。1667年,李漁又獲贈王再來,她也學習唱歌,善於扮演男角。李漁單獨出行時,也有買女僕做伴的習慣<sup id="cite_ref-張_1-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-張-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:74-75</sup>。1660年,長子李將舒出世,次年二子李將開出世,1662年三子、四子相繼出世,李漁大家庭的經濟負擔加重。李漁長女李淑昭和女婿沈心友是李漁生意上的好幫手,李漁出門時,由他們負責經營生意和安排家務。李漁跟長女李淑昭與二女李淑慧關係親密,教她們讀書識字,一起填詞,李漁尤其喜愛長女,她做事盡心盡力,並無怨言。女婿沈心友為李漁採購、經商<sup id="cite_ref-張_1-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-張-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:77</sup>,有時隨他出行。1672年,喬復生死於肺病,李漁十分痛心。1674年初,王再來亦因病去世,二人都尚不滿十九歲。她們在生時與家人相處融洽,尊老愛幼,善待僕人。1677年,李漁妻子逝世<sup id="cite_ref-張_1-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-張-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:78-79、86</sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="文學"><span id=".E6.96.87.E5.AD.B8"></span>文學</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%8E%E6%B8%94&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="编辑章节:文學"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="戲曲"><span id=".E6.88.B2.E6.9B.B2"></span>戲曲</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%8E%E6%B8%94&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="编辑章节:戲曲"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E3%80%8A%E5%A5%88%E4%BD%95%E5%A4%A9%E3%80%8B.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/%E3%80%8A%E5%A5%88%E4%BD%95%E5%A4%A9%E3%80%8B.jpg/300px-%E3%80%8A%E5%A5%88%E4%BD%95%E5%A4%A9%E3%80%8B.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/%E3%80%8A%E5%A5%88%E4%BD%95%E5%A4%A9%E3%80%8B.jpg/450px-%E3%80%8A%E5%A5%88%E4%BD%95%E5%A4%A9%E3%80%8B.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/%E3%80%8A%E5%A5%88%E4%BD%95%E5%A4%A9%E3%80%8B.jpg/600px-%E3%80%8A%E5%A5%88%E4%BD%95%E5%A4%A9%E3%80%8B.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="350" /></a><figcaption>李漁戲曲《奈何天》書影</figcaption></figure> <p>李漁著有10部戲曲,稱《笠翁十種曲》,分別為《<a href="/wiki/%E6%80%9C%E9%A6%99%E4%BC%B4" title="怜香伴">憐香伴</a>》、《<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E4%B8%AD%E7%BC%98" title="意中缘">意中緣</a>》、《蜃中樓》、《<a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%A8%E7%AE%8F%E8%AA%A4" title="風箏誤">風箏誤</a>》、《玉搔頭》、《奈何天》、《比目魚》、《慎鸞交》、《凰求鳳》、《巧團圓》<sup id="cite_ref-青_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-青-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:245</sup>,前六齣先後在<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%AD%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="杭州">杭州</a>寫成。其戲曲都是南方<a href="/wiki/%E5%82%B3%E5%A5%87_(%E6%88%B2%E5%8A%87)" title="傳奇 (戲劇)">傳奇</a>傳統的<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%86%E6%9B%B2" title="昆曲">昆曲</a>形式<sup id="cite_ref-張_1-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-張-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:51</sup>,部份為家庭戲班搬演的腳本<sup id="cite_ref-青_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-青-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:245</sup>。十齣戲中有四齣改編自他自己的小說:《巧團圓》出自《生我樓》、《比目魚》出自《譚楚玉戲裏傳情》、《凰求鳳》來自《寡婦設計贅新郎》、《奈何天》來自《醜郎君怕嬌偏得艷》<sup id="cite_ref-張_1-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-張-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:183</sup>。李漁通過角色之口說出作者的評論,部份戲劇情節顛覆社會陳規或習俗,例如《<a href="/wiki/%E6%80%9C%E9%A6%99%E4%BC%B4" title="怜香伴">憐香伴</a>》強調女人彼此之間的愛情<sup id="cite_ref-韓_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-韓-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:136、138</sup>,《凰求鳳》顛覆了傳統的求愛模式:三個女子為了得到英俊而有才華的年輕男子,展開惡意競爭<sup id="cite_ref-韓_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-韓-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:139-140</sup>。戲劇中,讀書人和低層人物都追求自身利益,而讀書人講道德,不傷害別人,而低層人物則經常不講道德<sup id="cite_ref-韓_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-韓-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:148</sup>。李漁善於描繪婦女形象<sup id="cite_ref-柳_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-柳-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:239</sup>,作品中的女人是自己命運的主人,她們積極求愛,大膽而堅定,冷靜籌劃而足智多謀,超越其他劇作家所創造的人物。如《憐香伴》中,崔小姐的丈夫消極被動,她則大膽策動計劃;《<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E4%B8%AD%E7%BC%98" title="意中缘">意中緣</a>》中,兩個女畫家設法下藥,最終淹死威脅她們的惡棍和尚<sup id="cite_ref-韓_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-韓-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:148</sup>;《凰求鳳》中,三位女性全是有膽色魄力的,男子呂哉生則很少做事,僅是她們鬥爭的戰利品<sup id="cite_ref-韓_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-韓-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:149-150</sup>。 </p><p>李漁創作的目的單求娛樂,曲詞不如<a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%AF%E9%A1%AF%E7%A5%96" class="mw-redirect" title="湯顯祖">湯顯祖</a>那樣富於詩意與想像崇高,但在情節佈局、人物性格塑造和賓白技巧上則突過前人。他不屑襲用歷史與文學中的舊題材,而是從日常生活中構思獨創的劇情,喜歡讓角色從難堪可笑的處境中脫身出來<sup id="cite_ref-柳_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-柳-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:239</sup>。其喜劇情節曲折複雜,情境緊張,《<a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%A8%E7%AE%8F%E8%AA%A4" title="風箏誤">風箏誤</a>》、《凰求鳳》、《慎鸞交》、《比目魚》、《奈何天》等都是愛情喜劇,故事情節有趣,舞台效果良好,語言情節富娛樂性<sup id="cite_ref-柳_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-柳-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:238</sup>,場面新奇突出而有趣,出乎意料,劇情富於變化<sup id="cite_ref-岡_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-岡-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:53</sup>,構思新穎而不落俗套,獨具新意。李漁戲劇詞曲賓白通俗而平易明瞭,意在娛樂,並不崇尚高雅<sup id="cite_ref-岡_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-岡-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:56、52</sup>,所作多為輕佻的滑稽劇,被譏為膚淺<sup id="cite_ref-青_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-青-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:245</sup>;內容相當滑稽,有猥褻言語與粗俗的幽默。如《憐香伴》中,「<a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="淨">淨</a>」角周公夢科場作弊,把範文卷起塞進肛門帶入試場,範文卻因放屁而被噴出來。《意中緣》中,主要醜角是黃天監,他既自負又愚蠢,是供人娛樂和諷刺的對象<sup id="cite_ref-韓_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-韓-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:152-153</sup>。 </p><p>《奈何天》為李漁第一傑作<sup id="cite_ref-青_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-青-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:247</sup>,是他最成功的戲劇,結合幽默、嘲諷、哀婉與奇想等元素,情節結構精密,節奏明快<sup id="cite_ref-柳_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-柳-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:238</sup>,富於奇想與諷刺,情節前後照應,引人入勝而頗具巧思,但曲辭對白有露骨鄙猥之語<sup id="cite_ref-青_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-青-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:248-249</sup>。《奈何天》屬戲劇史上首次由「丑」(滑稽角色)擔當主角<sup id="cite_ref-韓_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-韓-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:20</sup>,主角書生闕素封慷慨富有卻奇醜,新婚之夜,新娘對他極具厭惡<sup id="cite_ref-柳_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-柳-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:238</sup>,索性躲進書房,剃髮為尼,割斷婚姻關係。第二個新娘則以醉酒來嚴拒行房,後來也躲到書房遁入空門。第三次婚姻以未婚妻自殺而告終。第四個妻子也威脅要自殺,闕素封唯有允許她出家為尼。三個女子在庵堂掛上題為「奈何天」的匾額,把不幸命運歸結為天意安排。這時官軍與叛軍發生戰爭,闕素封給官軍送上大量糧食,使官軍反敗為勝。闕素封立功受皇帝褒封,當他洗沐一番準備受勳時,忽然由於神恩而變成俊男,三個女子於是還俗,開始為丈夫和家中地位而爭風<sup id="cite_ref-柳_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-柳-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:239</sup>。 </p><p>李漁十種戲中以《<a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%A8%E7%AE%8F%E8%AA%A4" title="風箏誤">風箏誤</a>》最膾炙人口,民國初年時尚有上演,其他已不再流行<sup id="cite_ref-青_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-青-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:245</sup>。《風箏誤》情節錯綜複雜<sup id="cite_ref-岡_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-岡-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:54</sup>,講述詹承武大女愛娟醜陋才劣,二女淑娟貌美而多才。鄰居韓世勳因取回斷線風箏一事,知道淑娟貌美而有才學,再放斷線風箏到詹家,但這次風箏為愛娟所獲,透過乳母夜間私會韓世勳,韓世勳一見愛娟貌醜,狼狽逃歸。不久韓世勳高中,到討伐外族之詹武承幕下做事,建立大功。另一方面,愛娟承父母之命嫁與韓世勳同窗戚施,戚施得知愛娟曾與男人私會,大怒,要求蓄妾,愛娟欲牽合其夫與淑娟<sup id="cite_ref-青_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-青-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:246</sup>,安排二人單獨共處,戚施乘機調戲淑娟,但淑娟手執利劍抗拒。韓世勳回到故里,奉恩人戚施父親之命,與淑娟結婚,但他因上次私會而誤會淑娟是醜女,不肯圓房,後見到淑娟相貌才驚覺娘子是美人,遂夫妻二人生活美滿。<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="青木正兒" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="青木正児"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%92%E6%9C%A8%E6%AD%A3%E5%85%92&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="青木正兒(页面不存在)">青木正兒</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E6%9C%A8%E6%AD%A3%E5%85%90" class="extiw" title="ja:青木正児"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">青木正児</span></a></span>)</span></span>批評此劇主意兒戲,低級趣味,曲辭有露骨穢褻之語,有損雅意<sup id="cite_ref-青_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-青-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:247</sup>。《蜃中樓》則取材於文學作品,融合了元人尚仲賢《<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%B3%E6%AF%85%E5%82%B3%E6%9B%B8" title="柳毅傳書">柳毅傳書</a>》與<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E5%A5%BD%E5%8F%A4" title="李好古">李好古</a>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B5%E7%94%9F%E7%85%AE%E6%B5%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="張生煮海">張生煮海</a>》兩部<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%9C%E5%8A%87" class="mw-redirect" title="雜劇">雜劇</a>的素材,而《柳毅傳書》又以<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E5%82%B3%E5%A5%87" class="mw-redirect" title="唐傳奇">唐傳奇</a>《<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%B3%E6%AF%85%E5%82%B3" title="柳毅傳">柳毅傳</a>》為基礎<sup id="cite_ref-韓_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-韓-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:19</sup>,劇情講述龍女與人類的戀愛,情節以柳毅為主,張羽為副,巧為融合二事,頗見機智<sup id="cite_ref-青_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-青-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:249</sup>。 </p><p>《意中緣》講述晚明藝術家<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A3%E5%85%B6%E6%98%8C" title="董其昌">董其昌</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B3%E7%B9%BC%E5%84%92" title="陳繼儒">陳繼儒</a>二人,因收到大量創作書畫的請求而深感煩惱,正在尋找能僱來摹擬其風格的畫家。正巧<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%8A%E9%9B%B2%E5%8F%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="楊雲友">楊雲友</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E5%A4%A9%E7%B4%A0" title="林天素">林天素</a>兩位女畫家正分別倣製董其昌與陳繼儒二人的畫作,藉以維生。歷經許多變遷,兩位女子終於各自與董其昌與陳繼儒結合<sup id="cite_ref-韓_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-韓-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:19</sup>。《玉搔頭》取材自<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%AD%A6%E5%AE%97" title="明武宗">明武宗</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%8E%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="太原">太原</a>歌伎劉倩倩之間的私情。明武宗將政權托付太監和高官,微服尋訪美貌多才的女子,與劉倩倩立下誓言,卻沒有透露自己的身份,回京途中弄丟了她給自己的定情信物玉搔頭,玉搔頭給一個外貌很像劉倩倩的姑娘拾獲。經過一連串的假裝、欺騙、誤會、巧合之後,皇帝終於迎娶了劉倩倩與外貌相似的姑娘<sup id="cite_ref-韓_3-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-韓-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:20</sup>。《比目魚》講述一對婚姻不遂,投河自盡的一對情侶,為河神所救,變成一對比目魚,後來獲救上岸,恢復人形,白首偕老<sup id="cite_ref-柳_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-柳-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:238</sup>。《巧團圓》是李漁最後一部戲劇,劇情以主角反覆夢見其童年時的房間開始,以其回到此屋並認出那就是夢中情境作結<sup id="cite_ref-韓_3-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-韓-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:22</sup>,講述明末國變後家庭團圓的故事,比起小說《生我樓》,劇中曹小姐更敢作敢為,處處表明並暢論,女子欲在亂世中生存自潔,則不能依常軌行事<sup id="cite_ref-李_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-李-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:232-233</sup>。李漁也改編過一些著名的戲劇,包括《<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%B5%E7%90%B6%E8%A8%98" class="mw-redirect" title="琵琶記">琵琶記</a>》、《明珠記》、《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E8%A5%BF%E5%8E%A2%E8%AE%B0" title="南西厢记">南西廂記</a>》、《玉簪記》及《幽閨記》等<sup id="cite_ref-韓_3-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-韓-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:22</sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="小說"><span id=".E5.B0.8F.E8.AA.AA"></span>小說</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%8E%E6%B8%94&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="编辑章节:小說"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="中短篇小說"><span id=".E4.B8.AD.E7.9F.AD.E7.AF.87.E5.B0.8F.E8.AA.AA"></span>中短篇小說</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%8E%E6%B8%94&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="编辑章节:中短篇小說"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E3%80%8A%E7%84%A1%E8%81%B2%E6%88%B2%E3%80%8B.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/%E3%80%8A%E7%84%A1%E8%81%B2%E6%88%B2%E3%80%8B.jpg/220px-%E3%80%8A%E7%84%A1%E8%81%B2%E6%88%B2%E3%80%8B.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="292" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/%E3%80%8A%E7%84%A1%E8%81%B2%E6%88%B2%E3%80%8B.jpg/330px-%E3%80%8A%E7%84%A1%E8%81%B2%E6%88%B2%E3%80%8B.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/%E3%80%8A%E7%84%A1%E8%81%B2%E6%88%B2%E3%80%8B.jpg/440px-%E3%80%8A%E7%84%A1%E8%81%B2%E6%88%B2%E3%80%8B.jpg 2x" data-file-width="669" data-file-height="889" /></a><figcaption>李漁小說集《<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E5%A3%B0%E6%88%8F" title="无声戏">無聲戲</a>》插圖</figcaption></figure> <p>1650年代,李漁先後出版白話小說集《<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E5%A3%B0%E6%88%8F" title="无声戏">無聲戲</a>》及《無聲戲二集》,前者包含12個故事,後者包含6篇中篇小說;第三部小說集《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E6%A8%93" class="mw-redirect" title="十二樓">十二樓</a>》則有12篇故事<sup id="cite_ref-韓_3-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-韓-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:24、26</sup>。文言小說李漁只寫過一篇《秦淮健兒傳》,故事以晚明<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E6%87%8B%E6%BE%84" title="宋懋澄">宋懋澄</a>《劉東山》為基礎<sup id="cite_ref-韓_3-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-韓-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:27</sup>。李漁小說措辭優雅準確,故事結構明晰,敘事方式富有創意,觀點新穎,超脫世俗,以幽默諷刺與豐富想像力見長,其輕鬆語調,有時是黑暗背景的反襯<sup id="cite_ref-莫_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-莫-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:212-213</sup>。小說製作精心,思想新奇,令人驚奇與震撼。故事充滿對話與獨白,並且即使在恐怖的瞬間,都是喜劇場面,敘事詼諧簡潔,對話流暢,為了達致滑稽效果,有時濫用引語和老生常談。小說開場白時常採取小品文的形式,有時也包含個人軼事,就像是隨筆<sup id="cite_ref-韓_3-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-韓-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:81-82</sup>。故事邏輯緊謹,結局不會不了了之。敘事有時集中在主人公身上,使這一人物控制了自始至終的情節發展,更常見的是,故事圍繞一個中心主題展開,如妒忌、卜算之不可信、賭博或吝嗇<sup id="cite_ref-莫_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-莫-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:215</sup>。他筆下的藝術家總是拮據,充滿才華,代表人性美好的一面;反面人物則是庸俗商人和官吏,而藝術家終將戰勝粗俗卑鄙的商人,如《三與樓》中,以貧窮的藝術家勝過無知的富人而告終。李漁融合現實主義與理想主義的手法,並不否認藝術家的窘境和悲愴,同時也美化艱難的時世,描繪出理想的圖畫<sup id="cite_ref-莫_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-莫-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:216</sup>。 </p><p>李漁以開放的態度處理有關性的話題,如閹割、月經、沒有陰道的女人、同性戀等,會用浪漫幽默的譬喻將美少年的屁股大書特書。其小說開創同性戀這一主題的新天地,一面描寫他們遭受歧視和侮辱,一面將傳統價值觀顛倒過來<sup id="cite_ref-莫_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-莫-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:216-217</sup>。《男孟母教合三遷》是男同性戀的故事,講述許秀才與男童龍瑞郎相愛,龍瑞郎自閹以確保二人的「婚姻」可以恒久圓滿,但其自閹惹來官非,有人誣蔑許秀才應對此負責,許秀才被刑杖至死,龍瑞郎立刻冒充作女人,照顧許秀才的兒子,像<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%9F%E6%AF%8D" title="孟母">孟母</a>三遷一樣遷居到其他城市以教導孩兒,使他長大後考取功名<sup id="cite_ref-韓_3-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-韓-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:100-101</sup>。《萃雅樓》寫的是<a href="/wiki/%E5%9A%B4%E4%B8%96%E8%95%83" title="嚴世蕃">嚴世蕃</a>暴政時三個同性戀者的故事,這三人在京城開古董店,嚴世藩得知三人中最年輕的那位年少貌美,想霸佔為自己的孌童,卻被青年所拒絕。嚴世藩恨極,假手太監把青年騙來權醉後閹割了,終於霸佔到手。青年切齒痛恨,力圖報仇,最後向皇帝參奏嚴世藩的罪行,使嚴世藩伏法<sup id="cite_ref-韓a_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-韓a-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:185</sup>。 </p><p>《<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E5%A3%B0%E6%88%8F" title="无声戏">無聲戲</a>》故事特徵之一,是結語冗長。例如在《醜郎君怕嬌偏得艷》,最後作者詳細忠告「美妻配醜夫例是理之常,才子配佳人反是理之變」的道理<sup id="cite_ref-韓_3-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-韓-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:96-97</sup>。《無聲戲》中最優秀的浪漫喜劇,是《譚楚玉戲裏傳情》,講述主人公譚楚玉加入戲班,迷戀上一位女<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="旦">旦</a>,但限於戲班內男女不能有私情的禁令,他只能在戲台上假戲真做對她宣示愛意。一次他們二人先到達要演出酬神的寺廟,得到交歡的機會,並許下愛的誓言。女旦的母親卻因貪財,答應在第二年把女兒嫁給一名富翁作妾。女旦反對這頭親事無效,翌年臨出嫁前再次酬神演戲時,女旦在演出中自殺投江,譚楚玉也同樣投河殉情。二人為廟神所救,被漁夫網起,成親並回到譚楚玉的故鄉。譚楚玉刻苦力學,後來高中科舉,在戲班回到寺廟再次酬神演出時,女旦與母親相認,原恕了母親。譚楚玉夫婦二人在為官一任後,就退隱山林<sup id="cite_ref-韓_3-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-韓-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:91-93</sup>。《美男子避惑反生疑》則寫了一件錯判案,那判案的是清官,對自己盲目自信。作者說出了自己的反論,認為清官不受責難,這正是害事的地方,表現了才能高於道德的看法<sup id="cite_ref-韓a_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-韓a-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:171</sup>。在《女陳平計生七出》中,一個文盲農婦有其聰明才智,在叛軍突擊村莊,搶走所有女人後,她不但使計保住了貞潔,還設法獲取了部份叛軍的戰利品;她和丈夫後來購置了自己的土地,錢財來源卻一直保密<sup id="cite_ref-韓_3-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-韓-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:106</sup>。 </p><p>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E6%A8%93" class="mw-redirect" title="十二樓">十二樓</a>》又名《覺世明言》<sup id="cite_ref-張_1-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-張-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:52</sup>,小說是多章回的,最長的達六回,可以處理比較複雜的情節<sup id="cite_ref-韓a_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-韓a-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:175</sup>。其情節富有創意,主題新穎出奇,語言簡練嫻熟,其成書表明李漁在情節、人物、主題和敘述方式等小說創作藝術方面都臻成熟<sup id="cite_ref-張_1-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-張-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:9、52</sup>。《十二樓》追求喜劇效果,貫之以吊詭修辭,貌似道貌岸然,同時卻機趣橫生,施之以嘲諷揶揄<sup id="cite_ref-陳a_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-陳a-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:33</sup>。各篇小說的共同特徵是,情節的開展猶如起承轉合,常常是無事生非,波瀾突起,又千轉百回,驚喜不已。《生我樓》中尹小樓尋妻與義父失散,《萃雅樓》中權汝修被騙而遭閹割,這些情節都在正文鋪陳之後如異峰突起<sup id="cite_ref-陳_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-陳-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:81</sup>。相比《無聲戲》,《十二樓》有更多關於士人的故事,稍過正式而稍欠生動<sup id="cite_ref-韓_3-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-韓-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:82</sup>。《夏宜樓》也許是李漁最成功的一篇小說,故事充滿靈感與活力<sup id="cite_ref-莫_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-莫-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:220</sup>,觀念新奇,結構精巧,有性感的描寫<sup id="cite_ref-韓_3-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-韓-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:83</sup>,是個私訂終生的戀愛故事,男女主角瞿吉人和詹嫻嫻串通一氣,唬弄欺瞞了家長而終成眷屬。促成好事的是一只望遠鏡。瞿吉人買來一西洋望遠鏡,從中看到詹嫻嫻的家居生活及所作詩<sup id="cite_ref-陳a_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-陳a-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:30、34</sup>,遂附上和詩托媒上門求親。詹公要求求親者高中,結果瞿吉人與兩位同鄉都高中同榜,詹公要女兒抽籤決定,結果抽中的不是瞿吉人,詹嫻嫻卻謊稱亡母曾託夢於她,只嫁姓瞿。瞿吉人從望遠鏡看到詹公為亡妻所寫的疏文,及時將內容報知嫻嫻,使她能背出疏文,裝神弄鬼,詹公遂相信其說,准許二人成親<sup id="cite_ref-陳a_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-陳a-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:36</sup>。 </p><p>《合影樓》既諷刺道學先生也諷刺風流才子,一面袒護青年男女對愛情自由的追求<sup id="cite_ref-陳_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-陳-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:78</sup>。《拂雲樓》是浪漫喜劇,敘事生動活潑<sup id="cite_ref-韓_3-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-韓-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:86、90</sup>。女主角侍女能紅由《<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%BB%82%E8%A8%98" class="mw-redirect" title="西廂記">西廂記</a>》中<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%85%E5%A8%98" title="紅娘">紅娘</a>的角色衍生,對待男主角頤使氣指,顛覆了男女尊卑秩序,其婢女形象具開創意義<sup id="cite_ref-陳_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-陳-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:80</sup>。她使計精心撮合裴七郎與自己的小姐,並在婚前向裴七郎提出要求,小姐嫁入後自己也要做「二夫人」,不是婢女。新婚洞房之夜,裴七郎先與能紅交歡而撇下新娘子,之後能紅與裴七郎弄計使小姐同意夫君娶第二房妻子,能紅得以名正言順嫁入裴家<sup id="cite_ref-韓_3-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-韓-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:87、89</sup>。《歸正樓》講述一個騙子有時會劫富濟貧,是個雙性變的酒色之徒,玩弄過最好的妓女和孌童;後來他得遇一個被丈夫賣出的妓女,她表示有意出家為尼,騙子替她贖身後,自己也退休不幹,決定改做道士<sup id="cite_ref-韓_3-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-韓-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:105</sup>。《三與樓》和《聞過樓》最富於作者的傳記成份,尤其是《三與樓》中的虞素臣,「絕意功名,寄情詩酒」,「只喜歡構造園亭」,簡直是李漁的自我寫照<sup id="cite_ref-陳_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-陳-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:85</sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="長篇小說"><span id=".E9.95.B7.E7.AF.87.E5.B0.8F.E8.AA.AA"></span>長篇小說</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%8E%E6%B8%94&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="编辑章节:長篇小說"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Weiyang.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Weiyang.jpg/220px-Weiyang.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Weiyang.jpg/330px-Weiyang.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Weiyang.jpg/440px-Weiyang.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="626" /></a><figcaption>《肉蒲團》1894年版木刻插圖</figcaption></figure> <p>《<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%89%E8%92%B2%E5%9C%98" class="mw-redirect" title="肉蒲團">肉蒲團</a>》世傳為李漁所作<sup id="cite_ref-李_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-李-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:230</sup>,<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%B1%89%E8%8C%82" title="马汉茂">馬漢茂</a><sup id="cite_ref-張_1-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-張-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:181</sup>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E8%8A%9D%E5%AE%9C%E4%BD%B3" title="莫芝宜佳">莫宜佳</a><sup id="cite_ref-莫_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-莫-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:213</sup>、司馬濤(Thomas Zimmer)<sup id="cite_ref-司_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-司-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:339</sup>、李惠儀<sup id="cite_ref-李_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-李-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:235</sup>、《<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E4%BB%A3%E5%90%8D%E4%BA%BA%E4%BC%A0%E7%95%A5" title="清代名人传略">清代名人傳略</a>》<sup id="cite_ref-恒_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-恒-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:291</sup>、陳建華<sup id="cite_ref-陳_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-陳-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:80</sup>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="韓南" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Patrick Hanan"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9F%93%E5%8D%97&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="韓南(页面不存在)">韓南</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_Hanan" class="extiw" title="en:Patrick Hanan"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Patrick Hanan</span></a></span>)</span></span>都相信為李漁所撰,約於1657年問世<sup id="cite_ref-韓_3-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-韓-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:27</sup>,而<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%B3%E7%84%A1%E5%BF%8C" title="柳無忌">柳無忌</a><sup id="cite_ref-柳_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-柳-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:238</sup>、張春樹則認為並非李漁所作<sup id="cite_ref-張_1-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-張-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:178</sup>。《肉蒲團》描寫性欲寫得新奇、直率、幽默與充滿想像,語言樸素,對話豐富,突出因果報應的主題<sup id="cite_ref-韓_3-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-韓-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:113、125</sup>,情節從淫縱到報應悟道,是明清小說的熟套<sup id="cite_ref-李_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-李-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:236</sup>。主人公未央生娶了道學先生鐵扇道人的女兒玉香,用<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%A5%E5%AE%AE%E5%9C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="春宮圖">春宮圖</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%B2%E6%83%85%E5%B0%8F%E8%AA%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="色情小說">色情小說</a>調教她,使她懂得享受性愛。未央生對岳父鐵扇道人的管教感到惱火,決心外出獵艷,卻被神偷賽昆侖直斥其陽具太小,無法誘惑女性<sup id="cite_ref-韓_3-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-韓-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:118</sup>。未央生得到術士的幫助,將狗的生殖器移植到自己身上,陽具達到能勾引婦女的大小。他先與賣絲綢的艷芳通奸和私奔,不久她懷孕了,未央生改而與三個美麗的表姊妹,以及她們寡居的姑媽通奸,一起雜交。另一方面,艷芳的丈夫權老實為了報復,作為佣人混入未央生的家,誘奸未央生的妻子玉香。玉香懷孕後,與權老實私奔,卻被賣進了妓院,成為京城的名妓。未央生不知其事,反而因鐵扇道人的瞞騙而以為妻子病死了。他上京尋訪名妓,玉香首先看到他<sup id="cite_ref-韓_3-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-韓-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:119</sup>,畏罪而自盡,未央生由此而明白因果報應:被他戴綠帽的權老實回敬他以綠帽,三個表姊妹的丈夫亦碰巧跟玉香睡了。未央生向和尚孤峰長老請求指點迷津,發過一場與表姊妹及其姑媽交歡的春夢後,自我閹割<sup id="cite_ref-韓_3-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-韓-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:120</sup>。《肉蒲團》渲染主人公無窮的性能力,描繪其以精湛房中術駕馭性伴侶,誇張描寫陽具粗大,抽動次數成千上百,床上姿勢變化多端<sup id="cite_ref-司_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-司-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:340</sup>。 </p><p>1679年終,李漁得見毛綸、<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%9B%E5%AE%97%E5%B4%97" title="毛宗崗">毛宗崗</a>父子新編的《<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%9C%8B%E5%BF%97%E6%BC%94%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="三國志演義">三國志演義</a>》, 1680年初李漁為《三國志演義》寫了長序,將它列為<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%A4%A7%E5%A5%87%E6%9B%B8" title="四大奇書">四大奇書</a>之首。李漁欣賞毛宗崗本的評語,但不滿意毛氏對<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E8%B2%AB%E4%B8%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="羅貫中">羅貫中</a>本的改寫<sup id="cite_ref-張_1-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-張-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:88-89</sup>,遂編訂《李笠翁批閱三國志》,以<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E5%8D%93%E5%90%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="李卓吾">李卓吾</a>評本《三國志演義》為底本,偶爾參考毛宗崗本修訂而成的<sup id="cite_ref-中_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-中-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:147、155</sup>。而李漁本中的批語,一部份是來自毛宗崗本的批語,一部份是李漁自己創作的<sup id="cite_ref-中_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-中-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:157</sup>。李漁指出《三國志演義》是當之無愧的第一才子書,想用他的新版本與毛宗崗本競爭,但李漁本終歸被埋沒,毛本成為《三國志演義》的範本<sup id="cite_ref-張_1-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-張-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:89-90</sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="散文"><span id=".E6.95.A3.E6.96.87"></span>散文</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%8E%E6%B8%94&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="编辑章节:散文"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>李漁博學多才,除了小說戲曲,還寫有專文談論建築、家居和家具、飲食、衛生、娛樂、園藝、舞台表演,理財等等<sup id="cite_ref-張_1-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-張-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:26</sup>。文集《<a href="/wiki/%E9%97%B2%E6%83%85%E5%81%B6%E5%AF%84" title="闲情偶寄">閑情偶寄</a>》於1671年出版,全書以八大主題編排:詞曲、演習、聲容、居室、器玩、飲膳、種植、頤養,風格生動而富有個性<sup id="cite_ref-韓_3-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-韓-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:34</sup>,立意新穎富有情趣,討論範圍廣泛,反映李漁觀察入徵,重視生活的藝術<sup id="cite_ref-張_1-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-張-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:67</sup>。文章討論生活情趣,表面上類似晚明的<a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%A8%E7%AD%86" class="mw-redirect" title="隨筆">隨筆</a>,但筆調比較舒緩、風趣、自嘲<sup id="cite_ref-李_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-李-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:236</sup>,精粹在表達詼諧,觀點新奇,常常顛覆傳統,思想新穎。李漁受到晚明<a href="/wiki/%E8%A2%81%E5%AE%8F%E9%81%93" title="袁宏道">袁宏道</a>思想和<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E5%93%81%E6%96%87" title="小品文">小品文</a>運動的影響,相比於表現自我感情,李漁更關心創造與分析能力<sup id="cite_ref-韓_3-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-韓-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:42、176</sup>,小品文具有清晰的邏輯結構,語言簡潔,生動幽默<sup id="cite_ref-韓_3-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-韓-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:59、176</sup>,結構美妙而手法熟練,辯論迂回曲折而妙語如珠<sup id="cite_ref-韓_3-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-韓-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:48</sup>。<a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%A7%E5%BD%AC" title="顧彬">顧彬</a>稱讚《<a href="/wiki/%E9%97%B2%E6%83%85%E5%81%B6%E5%AF%84" title="闲情偶寄">閑情偶寄</a>》是<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E5%93%81%E6%96%87" title="小品文">小品文</a>藝術的典範,文章語調輕鬆,李漁寫了幾篇「中文裏最美的個人散文」<sup id="cite_ref-顧_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-顧-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:79、81</sup>。李漁散文有時採用辯論或致詞的方式,《回煞辯》是青年李漁與風水先生的一場辯論,《瘗犬文》反駁訪客,其斷言李漁對家犬之死過度悲傷。《賣山券》包含李漁對其伊山別業買家的預言,《逐貓文》則是對母貓和小貓的講話<sup id="cite_ref-韓_3-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-韓-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:48-49</sup>,訓示貓必須抓老鼠,文筆幽默。《行樂》一文悲嘆「造物」罕有讓人活過百歲,即使年過百歲,在憂傷困苦以外,剩餘時間已極其短暫<sup id="cite_ref-韓_3-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-韓-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:181、66</sup>。 </p><p>李漁散文清晰簡潔而又充滿文采,關於花草園藝,他列舉了71種花草樹木,有關短文共64篇,可算是他最精彩最有新意的散文<sup id="cite_ref-張_1-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-張-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:222</sup>。《金錢》一文有多個隱喻,將一年中連續盛開的鮮花比作「天工一部全稿」<sup id="cite_ref-韓_3-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-韓-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:75</sup>。李漁談論美味可口的鱉肉,述說死裏逃生的三次經歷,談述將鮮花放到床帳裏的主意,暢談其喜歡吃的螃蟹,有滋有味地記錄在異地遇到的奇異食物與水果<sup id="cite_ref-韓_3-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-韓-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:38-40</sup>,描述寫作與想像的樂趣:「我欲作人間才子,即為<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%9C%E7%94%AB" title="杜甫">杜甫</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E7%99%BD" title="李白">李白</a>之後身」。在「聲容」章節,他論述如何選擇、訓練和對待妾侍;與妻子不一樣,妾侍是丈夫自己所選擇的<sup id="cite_ref-韓_3-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-韓-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:42、187</sup>。李漁細致地寫下庭園建築的理論和經驗<sup id="cite_ref-張_1-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-張-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:72</sup>,關注自然與人工如何湊合。《<a href="/wiki/%E9%97%B2%E6%83%85%E5%81%B6%E5%AF%84" title="闲情偶寄">閑情偶寄</a>》描寫娛己娛人的湖舫「便面」,窗戶取形扇子,於是舟外湖光山色、往來遊人攝入舟中,變成天然國畫;舟中人物見於窗外,也備往來遊人玩賞,李漁名之為「取景在借」<sup id="cite_ref-李_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-李-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:236</sup>。李漁散文的論據,往往訴諸個人經驗。《沐浴》一文先指出,一些道教養生家反對沐浴,認為有損元氣,然後提出反對論據:根據類推,雨露對植物有益,沐浴對人不會有害;其次,李漁自己已經測試其效果<sup id="cite_ref-韓_3-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-韓-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:179</sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="文學批評"><span id=".E6.96.87.E5.AD.B8.E6.89.B9.E8.A9.95"></span>文學批評</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%8E%E6%B8%94&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="编辑章节:文學批評"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E3%80%8A%E9%96%91%E6%83%85%E5%81%B6%E5%A5%87%E3%80%8B.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/%E3%80%8A%E9%96%91%E6%83%85%E5%81%B6%E5%A5%87%E3%80%8B.jpg/250px-%E3%80%8A%E9%96%91%E6%83%85%E5%81%B6%E5%A5%87%E3%80%8B.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/%E3%80%8A%E9%96%91%E6%83%85%E5%81%B6%E5%A5%87%E3%80%8B.jpg/375px-%E3%80%8A%E9%96%91%E6%83%85%E5%81%B6%E5%A5%87%E3%80%8B.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/%E3%80%8A%E9%96%91%E6%83%85%E5%81%B6%E5%A5%87%E3%80%8B.jpg/500px-%E3%80%8A%E9%96%91%E6%83%85%E5%81%B6%E5%A5%87%E3%80%8B.jpg 2x" data-file-width="767" data-file-height="667" /></a><figcaption>李漁文集《<a href="/wiki/%E9%97%B2%E6%83%85%E5%81%B6%E5%AF%84" title="闲情偶寄">閑情偶寄</a>》書影</figcaption></figure> <p>李漁的文學思想可分為四項原則。首先,他相信文學不應墨守成規、摹倣抄襲,重視創作和破舊立新。其次,他相信每一時期的文學都有自己的流行風格和獨特品質,例如漢史、<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E8%A9%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="唐詩">唐詩</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E8%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="宋词">宋詞</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E6%9B%B2" title="元曲">元曲</a>,都是正統文學<sup id="cite_ref-張_1-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-張-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:133、136</sup>。第三,小說戲曲的語言應顯淺易懂,通俗流暢,須引起共鳴,使讀者能產生同情之心<sup id="cite_ref-張_1-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-張-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:137-138</sup>;戲曲應回到元曲的顯淺傳統,明代戲曲的書本氣是不可取的。第四,李漁著重現實主義,作家應寫其耳聞睹之事,取材於日常生活經歷<sup id="cite_ref-張_1-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-張-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:139-140</sup>。李漁被譽為「中國首屈一指的戲劇批評家」<sup id="cite_ref-柳_4-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-柳-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:238</sup>,《閑情偶寄》中有「詞曲」和「演習」二部,詳論戲曲的寫法直至實際表演之事,這樣的著作在清代只有這一部。其戲曲之論是建立在經驗基礎上的內行之論<sup id="cite_ref-青a_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-青a-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:224</sup>。李漁批評當時的新戲劇本製作馬虎,隨便掇拾拼湊,僅人物角色名字是新的<sup id="cite_ref-岡_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-岡-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:57</sup>,內容缺乏創意,無甚娛樂價值。他主張戲劇要使觀眾感到新奇,「想不到,猜不著」,反對常人所謂在文學和藝術中舊主題已被用盡的說法<sup id="cite_ref-韓_3-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-韓-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:53、57</sup>。 </p><p>李漁認為作家猶如裁縫和建築工匠,下筆前先要詳盡構思,劇作家應設身處地將自己放在角色的位置,才能妙筆生花<sup id="cite_ref-韓_3-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-韓-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:61、64</sup>。戲劇結構方面,他提出創作戲劇的三個原則:立主腦、減頭緒、密針線。立主腦是指戲刻應以主角或主題為中心,貫穿始終<sup id="cite_ref-莫_7-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-莫-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:215</sup>,使枝節皆從屬於它,例如《<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%BB%82%E8%A8%98" class="mw-redirect" title="西廂記">西廂記</a>》中「白馬解圍」、《<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%B5%E7%90%B6%E8%A8%98" class="mw-redirect" title="琵琶記">琵琶記</a>》中「重婚牛府」,皆為主腦<sup id="cite_ref-青a_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-青a-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:224</sup>。減頭緒是指其他次要主題應服務於「主腦」的需要。密針線是指各細節場景應緊密地環環相扣<sup id="cite_ref-莫_7-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-莫-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:215</sup>,事件前後應嚴密聯繫和照應,李漁批評《<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%B5%E7%90%B6%E8%A8%98" class="mw-redirect" title="琵琶記">琵琶記</a>》的「剪髮」情節,即貞女趙五娘為籌措埋葬舅姑費用而剪髮的一場戲,張太公仗義疏財而坐視不理,並不合理<sup id="cite_ref-青a_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-青a-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:224-225</sup>。李漁又提出「審虛實」,論述素材中事實與虛構的處理方法,主張「虛則虛到底」,而「實則實到底」,不可捏造人物或事件<sup id="cite_ref-青a_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-青a-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:225-226</sup>。 </p><p>李漁主張戲劇語言要淺近易懂<sup id="cite_ref-韓_3-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-韓-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:59</sup>,避免用典,少用方言,主張顯淺,但並不意味容許粗俗,否則不成其為「文人之筆」<sup id="cite_ref-韓a_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-韓a-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:167</sup>。戲曲須「雅俗同歡,智愚共賞」,當忌「書本氣」,應以元人<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%9C%E5%8A%87" class="mw-redirect" title="雜劇">雜劇</a>作為範本。戲曲曲詞應「重機趣」<sup id="cite_ref-青a_15-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-青a-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:226</sup>,文脈必須一貫,力戒刻板和迂闊陳腐。他指出歷來戲曲輕視賓白之誤,強調對白的重要性<sup id="cite_ref-青a_15-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-青a-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:227-228</sup>,尤其是新戲,觀眾不熟悉劇情,以賓白交代情節更為重要。他又指出賓白應慎防前後矛盾,如《玉簪記》的陳妙常是道姑而非尼姑,對白卻有「姑娘在禪堂打坐」的疏漏。李漁認為插科打諢也很重要,可使人聚精會神看戲<sup id="cite_ref-青a_15-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-青a-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:229</sup>,使觀眾保持清醒<sup id="cite_ref-韓_3-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-韓-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:49-50</sup>。科諢應隨機應變地脫口而出,不宜太著跡<sup id="cite_ref-青a_15-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-青a-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:230</sup>。李漁自己寫作優雅的<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%86%E6%9B%B2" title="昆曲">昆曲</a>,討厭當時流行的<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%8B%E9%99%BD%E8%85%94" title="弋陽腔">弋陽</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%B9%B3%E8%85%94" title="四平腔">四平</a>等腔<sup id="cite_ref-韓_3-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-韓-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:68</sup>。他抨擊<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E6%97%A5%E8%8F%AF" title="李日華">李日華</a>改《<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%BB%82%E8%A8%98" class="mw-redirect" title="西廂記">西廂記</a>》為<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%9B%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="南曲">南曲</a>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E8%A5%BF%E5%8E%A2%E8%AE%B0" title="南西厢记">南西廂記</a>》,認為其破壞音律<sup id="cite_ref-青a_15-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-青a-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:227</sup>。李漁雖常談元曲,卻似乎沒有認真看過《<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E6%9B%B2%E9%81%B8" title="元曲選">元曲選</a>》之類,混同了「正名」和「楔子」兩事<sup id="cite_ref-青a_15-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-青a-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:230-231</sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="思想"><span id=".E6.80.9D.E6.83.B3"></span>思想</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%8E%E6%B8%94&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="编辑章节:思想"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>李漁對女性有較開放的觀點,承認才女的平等地位,相信教育應當普及。他懷疑「女子無才便是德」的說法,認為女子應當「習技」,學習讀書習字、文學、書法繪畫、音樂歌舞,以及日常生活中的實用藝術<sup id="cite_ref-張_1-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-張-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:62、59</sup>。不過,李漁仍主張一夫多妻制,認為男人可以有一個正室和多個妾侍,女人間不應心存妒忌。女人在智力上專業上可以和男人不相上下,但夫妻關係則是不平等的,女人得忍受和忠於丈夫<sup id="cite_ref-張_1-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-張-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:60-61</sup>。李漁的生活哲學是不要存有太高期待,應居安思危,不指望上天眷顧。一個人若想到其他還要糟的境況,他自己的痛苦就可減少。「我以為貧,更有貧於我者;我以為賤,更有賤於我者」,這樣想就能心態平衡<sup id="cite_ref-張_1-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-張-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:221、223</sup>。如要過健康愉快的生活,必須承認人性的需要,不應受到自待或道德觀念的束縛,也不應盲目使用藥物<sup id="cite_ref-張_1-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-張-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:224</sup>。生活上李漁是<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%AB%E6%A8%82%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="享樂主義">享樂主義</a>者,寫文章詳述世俗的快樂和美食<sup id="cite_ref-韓_3-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-韓-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:69、71</sup>。對李漁影響最大的,是晚明<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E8%B4%84" class="mw-redirect" title="李贄">李贄</a>開創,為<a href="/wiki/%E8%A2%81%E5%AE%8F%E9%81%93" title="袁宏道">袁宏道</a>繼承的美學原則。《<a href="/wiki/%E9%97%B2%E6%83%85%E5%81%B6%E5%AF%84" title="闲情偶寄">閑情偶寄</a>》強調簡樸節儉的生活,樸素指品味上的雅淡,李漁認為文人在壁間掛滿書畫是庸俗的;在建築和家具方面,他崇尚節儉而忌諱奢靡,選擇樸素而捐棄浮華<sup id="cite_ref-張_1-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-張-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:40、79</sup>。 </p><p>李漁宣稱自己是<a href="/wiki/%E5%84%92%E5%AE%B6" title="儒家">儒家</a>,反對<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="佛教">佛教</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E6%95%99" title="道教">道教</a>與儒家並列。李漁拒絕<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E5%A3%AB" title="道士">道士</a>養生家的藥石和<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8E%E5%BC%95_(%E6%B0%A3%E5%8A%9F)" title="導引 (氣功)">導引</a>,亦不接受沉思冥想法,原因是他自認太懶散,不願服從道士的清規戒律<sup id="cite_ref-韓_3-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-韓-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:57、67</sup>。他對民間迷信持批判態度,顯示其理性思維。他批評在做媒時靠<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E5%AD%97%E5%91%BD%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="八字命學">八字</a>推算,也質疑家鄉當地「<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9E%E7%85%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="回煞">回煞</a>」的習俗,即人死了,活人要從住宅搬出,讓死者鬼魂回來一趟後再永久離開。他也批評百姓設祭敬神的習俗<sup id="cite_ref-張_1-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-張-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:217-218</sup>,認為設宴、演戲等慶祝活動過於浪費。超自然或神靈的力量是心理作用,實際上是人創造出來的<sup id="cite_ref-張_1-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-張-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:219-220</sup>。李漁思想開放,懷有理性主義與實證主義,帶著懸念去衡量人類的知識、直覺與宗教<sup id="cite_ref-張_1-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-張-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:225</sup>。李漁賞識西方傳教士帶到中國的發明,其《夏宜樓》中說明了望遠鏡和顯微鏡。他相信現代產品優於古代,現代道德也並不比古代的差<sup id="cite_ref-韓_3-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-韓-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:53、55</sup>。公堂審訊方面,李漁希望縣官嚴格限制用刑範圍,刑訊應視為非常的終極手段,而不是尋常的搜證方法;最好的情況是,公堂上展示<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%91%E5%85%B7" title="刑具">刑具</a>時,犯人已嚇得乖乖供認,而不必勞煩真正用刑<sup id="cite_ref-譚_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-譚-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:279-280</sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="史學"><span id=".E5.8F.B2.E5.AD.B8"></span>史學</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%8E%E6%B8%94&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="编辑章节:史學"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1664年,李漁完成《論古》一書,含有133則歷史故事,按年代順序,截至元朝初期,故事大多選自<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%B1%E7%86%B9" title="朱熹">朱熹</a>《<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%87%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91%E7%B6%B1%E7%9B%AE" title="資治通鑑綱目">資治通鑑綱目</a>》,隨後是李漁的道德上的闡釋<sup id="cite_ref-韓_3-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-韓-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:31</sup>。書中李漁讚賞<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%A4%A9%E7%A5%A5" title="文天祥">文天祥</a>是忠臣義士的典範,也欣賞<a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%BD%E5%BF%85%E7%83%88" title="忽必烈">忽必烈</a>豁達大度善待文天祥的態度<sup id="cite_ref-張_1-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-張-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:252</sup>。他敬重文天祥之死,但認為這等同自殺,因為忽必烈實際上已赦免了他。李漁懷疑古文獻的記載,認為當中許多人物都是虛構的<sup id="cite_ref-韓_3-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-韓-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:33、55</sup>。李漁又編纂了一部通史《古今史略》,從<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%A4%E5%8F%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="盤古">盤古</a>講起,終至明亡清兵入京,結構嚴謹,夾入生動軼事與故事,評注均在文中,但用小字雙行。其文體遵循當時流行的「綱鑑」體裁,書中很多章節就是對《史論》作事實說明<sup id="cite_ref-張_1-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-張-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:66</sup>。<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="韓南" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Patrick Hanan"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9F%93%E5%8D%97&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="韓南(页面不存在)">韓南</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_Hanan" class="extiw" title="en:Patrick Hanan"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Patrick Hanan</span></a></span>)</span></span>則認為《古今史略》是假冒之作<sup id="cite_ref-韓_3-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-韓-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:31</sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="建築"><span id=".E5.BB.BA.E7.AF.89"></span>建築</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%8E%E6%B8%94&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14" title="编辑章节:建築"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>李漁在<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%AD%E6%BA%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="蘭溪">蘭溪</a>倡導水利,為村民親自設計督工興建水利設施,為農田灌溉而築壩挖渠,世人把堰壩稱為「李漁壩」以示紀念<sup id="cite_ref-金_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-金-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。園林方面,李漁自稱「遍覽名園」<sup id="cite_ref-劉_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-劉-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:20</sup>。他建造的庭園至少有四座。一是他在故鄉蘭溪建造的「伊園」,有一座精美的別墅。二是他定居<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E9%99%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="金陵">金陵</a>時所造的「芥子園」,園址在南京韓家潭,佔地不滿三畝,屋宇與山石各佔三份一,以小勝大,含蓄有餘。三是為<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%88%E6%BC%A2%E5%BE%A9" title="賈漢復">賈漢復</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="北京">北京</a>弓弦胡同設計的庭園「半畝園」,該園的房舍庭樹、山石水池安排得緊湊而不覺侷促,佔地不多,豐滿舒暢,清秀恬靜。四是在<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%AD%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="杭州">杭州</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%B9%96" title="西湖">西湖</a>畔雲居山所建的「層園」,地處西湖邊上,借景於西湖山水,依山勢高低而設計營造,錯落有致,層層入勝<sup id="cite_ref-杜_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-杜-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:168-169</sup>。李漁指出,建造園林和建築庭院住宅,都必須因地制宜,妙在高下錯落,虛實相映,曲折有致<sup id="cite_ref-杜_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-杜-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:175</sup>。有關疊石造山,李漁批評當時園林的<a href="/wiki/%E5%81%87%E5%B1%B1" title="假山">假山</a>「補綴穿鑿」,因用石過多,奇矯而不自然,望之不似真山。他提倡以土帶石及土石相間的方法,增加使用泥土<sup id="cite_ref-劉_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-劉-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:20</sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="評價與地位"><span id=".E8.A9.95.E5.83.B9.E8.88.87.E5.9C.B0.E4.BD.8D"></span>評價與地位</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%8E%E6%B8%94&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15" title="编辑章节:評價與地位"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="清代"><span id=".E6.B8.85.E4.BB.A3"></span>清代</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%8E%E6%B8%94&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16" title="编辑章节:清代"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>李漁生前就婦孺皆曉,大受歡迎。在17世紀下半葉,李漁的小說、戲曲和雜文筆記受廣泛閱讀或搬上舞台,十分流行<sup id="cite_ref-張_1-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-張-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:導言3-4</sup>。他是當時最受歡迎的劇作家和小說家,也受到<a href="/wiki/%E9%8C%A2%E8%AC%99%E7%9B%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="錢謙益">錢謙益</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%88%E6%BC%A2%E5%BE%A9" title="賈漢復">賈漢復</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B3%E5%81%89%E6%A5%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="吳偉業">吳偉業</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%A4%E4%BE%97" title="尤侗">尤侗</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E7%90%AC" title="宋琬">宋琬</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%BD%E9%96%8F%E7%AB%A0" title="施閏章">施閏章</a>等名士的賞識。錢謙益把李漁的小說戲曲的地位,與《<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%BB%B8%E5%82%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="水滸傳">水滸傳</a>》、《<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E7%93%B6%E6%A2%85" title="金瓶梅">金瓶梅</a>》及<a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%AF%E9%A1%AF%E7%A5%96" class="mw-redirect" title="湯顯祖">湯顯祖</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%82%B3%E5%A5%87_(%E6%88%B2%E5%8A%87)" title="傳奇 (戲劇)">傳奇</a>相提並論<sup id="cite_ref-張_1-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-張-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:5</sup>,讚揚李漁革新戲曲<sup id="cite_ref-韓_3-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-韓-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:23</sup>。清初高弈認為李漁戲曲具有創意,劉中柱把李漁列為清初偉大的戲曲家,<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E8%AA%BF%E5%85%83" class="mw-redirect" title="李調元">李調元</a>稱讚其戲曲的出色韻律和音樂感,<a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%81%E5%BB%B7%E6%9E%8F" title="梁廷枏">梁廷枏</a>推崇其戲曲語言流暢嫻熟,<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%A8%E6%81%A9%E5%AF%BF" title="杨恩寿">楊恩壽</a>讚揚李漁的戲曲創作和劇評<sup id="cite_ref-張_1-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-張-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:22</sup>。李漁朋友把他比作擅長諷諫的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%96%B9%E6%9C%94" class="mw-redirect" title="東方朔">東方朔</a>和打破舊習的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E8%B4%84" class="mw-redirect" title="李贄">李贄</a><sup id="cite_ref-韓_3-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-韓-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:43</sup>。李漁做事標新立異,與<a href="/wiki/%E5%84%92%E5%AE%B6" title="儒家">儒家</a>正統觀念大相徑庭,在當時的道學家眼中是個放蕩才子、淫穢作家、戲子,對他有根深蒂固的偏見。清初<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A3%E5%90%AB" title="董含">董含</a>說李漁有傷風化<sup id="cite_ref-張_1-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-張-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:2-4</sup>,<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%88%E7%99%BB" title="馬先登">馬先登</a>批評《<a href="/wiki/%E9%97%B2%E6%83%85%E5%81%B6%E5%AF%84" title="闲情偶寄">閒情偶寄</a>》導人奢侈,「無一足取」<sup id="cite_ref-蕭_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-蕭-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:89</sup>;世傳李漁寫出<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%B2%E6%83%85%E5%B0%8F%E8%AA%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="色情小說">色情小說</a>《<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%89%E8%92%B2%E5%9C%98" class="mw-redirect" title="肉蒲團">肉蒲團</a>》,反映他本人道德低下而放縱<sup id="cite_ref-張_1-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-張-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:24</sup>。 </p><p>李漁很快被人遺忘,在隨後的清代文學界沒有得到尊重<sup id="cite_ref-張_1-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-張-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:導言3</sup>。清代中期,隨著儒家正統思想進一步強化,對李漁戲曲的褒獎有所保留,其小說則被斥為公開散毒,以致被禁止<sup id="cite_ref-張_1-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-張-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:6</sup>。乾隆時(1736—1796),李漁《一家言》和《<a href="/wiki/%E9%97%B2%E6%83%85%E5%81%B6%E5%AF%84" title="闲情偶寄">閑情偶寄</a>》受命被全部銷毀,《十種曲》和《古今史略》列為禁書;《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E6%A8%93" class="mw-redirect" title="十二樓">十二樓</a>》則在同治年間(1862—1874)被列為禁書<sup id="cite_ref-張_1-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-張-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:257、247</sup>。李漁及其作品都漸漸被人遺忘,直至20世紀在<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="新文學運動">新文學運動</a>中被人重新發現<sup id="cite_ref-莫_7-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-莫-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:213</sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="現代中國"><span id=".E7.8F.BE.E4.BB.A3.E4.B8.AD.E5.9C.8B"></span>現代中國</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%8E%E6%B8%94&amp;action=edit&amp;section=17" title="编辑章节:現代中國"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>20世紀中國學術界對李漁褒中帶貶,或謂他敏捷調侃而流於輕薄,或責其白描色欲而不免淫褻,或惋惜他對時勢動蕩關注太少<sup id="cite_ref-李_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-李-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:230</sup>。<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="新文學運動">新文學運動</a>後,李漁被重新發現,逐漸得到承認,被視為傑出文學家<sup id="cite_ref-張_1-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-張-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:15-16</sup>。其戲曲批評和戲曲作品在1920年代末期都得到肯定,其白話小說也得到大部份學者的讚賞,但亦有部份學者指責李漁的小說「有毒」。現代學者承認李漁戲曲文言造詣精湛,口語運用嫻熟,舞台藝術真實生動<sup id="cite_ref-張_1-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-張-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:1、22</sup>,對他在戲曲及戲劇評論的貢獻大致予以肯定;對李漁小說的評價則褒貶不一。<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%B1%E4%B8%9C%E6%B6%A6" title="朱东润">朱東潤</a>強調李漁是中國最偉大的戲劇評論家,因為他有作為舞台編導和戲班製作人的親身經驗,這是其他如<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E8%81%96%E6%AD%8E" title="金聖歎">金聖歎</a>等劇評家所不具備的<sup id="cite_ref-張_1-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-張-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:16-17</sup>。周貽白提出李漁是清代最卓越的劇作家,這觀點大致受後來的中國學者所接受。小說創作方面,<a href="/wiki/%E9%84%AD%E6%8C%AF%E9%90%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="鄭振鐸">鄭振鐸</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8C%83%E7%83%9F%E6%A1%A5" title="范烟桥">范煙橋</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%99%E6%A5%B7%E7%AC%AC" title="孙楷第">孫楷第</a>都對李漁加以肯定,但許多學者仍對李漁存有傳統偏見,並不提及李漁小說的成就<sup id="cite_ref-張_1-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-張-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:18-19</sup>,偶爾提到李漁的小說,也是被批判為「反革命」和「淫書」。1980年代,李漁在小說創作的貢獻一度受到重視,而批評則仍集中在道德方面<sup id="cite_ref-張_1-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-張-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:21</sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="國外"><span id=".E5.9C.8B.E5.A4.96"></span>國外</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%8E%E6%B8%94&amp;action=edit&amp;section=18" title="编辑章节:國外"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>李漁的小說戲曲在日本和歐洲獲得重視,受高度讚賞<sup id="cite_ref-張_1-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-張-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:7</sup>。李漁戲曲流入日本,<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B6%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="江戶時代">江戶時代</a>(1603—1868)談到中國戲曲,無不提到李漁<sup id="cite_ref-青_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-青-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:245</sup>,其戲曲家的大名為人熟知<sup id="cite_ref-青a_15-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-青a-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:223</sup>。在元祿時期(1688—1704),李漁的小說戲曲在日本都銷路甚佳。李漁被日本學者看作中國歷史上一位偉大的文學家,佔有特殊地位<sup id="cite_ref-張_1-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-張-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:9-10</sup>。李漁形象品味高雅,格調超俗,<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="銅脈先生" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="銅脈先生"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%8A%85%E8%84%88%E5%85%88%E7%94%9F&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="銅脈先生(页面不存在)">銅脈先生</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8A%85%E8%84%88%E5%85%88%E7%94%9F" class="extiw" title="ja:銅脈先生"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">銅脈先生</span></a></span>)</span></span>稱讚李漁才高不仕,不慕名利,「才高勝人,文章自成一家風範」<sup id="cite_ref-蕭_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-蕭-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:95-96</sup>。<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="三宅嘯山" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="三宅嘯山"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%89%E5%AE%85%E5%98%AF%E5%B1%B1&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="三宅嘯山(页面不存在)">三宅嘯山</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%AE%85%E5%98%AF%E5%B1%B1" class="extiw" title="ja:三宅嘯山"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">三宅嘯山</span></a></span>)</span></span>、一颩道人、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%B2%E4%BA%AD%E9%A6%AC%E7%90%B4" title="曲亭馬琴">曲亭馬琴</a>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="笠亭仙果" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="笠亭仙果"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%A0%E4%BA%AD%E4%BB%99%E6%9E%9C&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="笠亭仙果(页面不存在)">笠亭仙果</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AC%A0%E4%BA%AD%E4%BB%99%E6%9E%9C" class="extiw" title="ja:笠亭仙果"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">笠亭仙果</span></a></span>)</span></span>等作家都有小說改編自李漁的小說或戲劇<sup id="cite_ref-蕭_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-蕭-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:90-91</sup>。李漁的戲曲於切合江戶讀者喜好,廣泛滲透不同階層,成為中國劇作家的代表;<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%8F%E4%BA%AD%E4%B8%89%E9%A6%AC" title="式亭三馬">式亭三馬</a>將<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="八文字屋自笑" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="八文字屋自笑"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%AB%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B1%8B%E8%87%AA%E7%AC%91&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="八文字屋自笑(页面不存在)">八文字屋自笑</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B1%8B%E8%87%AA%E7%AC%91" class="extiw" title="ja:八文字屋自笑"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">八文字屋自笑</span></a></span>)</span></span>與李漁並稱,讚許兩人擅長品評戲劇<sup id="cite_ref-蕭_20-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-蕭-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:101-102、107</sup>。 </p><p>到近代,學者<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="笹川種郎" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="笹川種郎"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%B9%E5%B7%9D%E7%A8%AE%E9%83%8E&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="笹川種郎(页面不存在)">笹川種郎</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AC%B9%E5%B7%9D%E7%A8%AE%E9%83%8E" class="extiw" title="ja:笹川種郎"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">笹川種郎</span></a></span>)</span></span>讚賞李漁的戲劇和小說《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E6%A8%93" class="mw-redirect" title="十二樓">十二樓</a>》的情節、主題,以及其通俗流暢、明晰生動的語言,認為李漁是清代最有成就的四大名士之一,與<a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%B9%E9%9B%AA%E8%8A%B9" title="曹雪芹">曹雪芹</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E8%81%96%E6%AD%8E" title="金聖歎">金聖歎</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%94%E5%B0%9A%E4%BB%BB" title="孔尚任">孔尚任</a>並列齊名。<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%90%E8%B0%B7%E6%B8%A9" title="盐谷温">鹽谷溫</a>讚揚李漁的戲曲藝術,將《十二樓》列為清朝最受歡迎的七部小說之一<sup id="cite_ref-張_1-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-張-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:7-8</sup>。李漁的文學也受歐洲學者重視和青睞,在19世紀,《十二樓》許多篇小說都譯為歐洲語言<sup id="cite_ref-張_1-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-張-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:13-14</sup>。<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E8%8A%9D%E5%AE%9C%E4%BD%B3" title="莫芝宜佳">莫宜佳</a>認為「李漁是與<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%B2%E6%9D%BE%E9%BD%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="蒲松齡">蒲松齡</a>並駕齊驅的重要清代小說家」<sup id="cite_ref-莫_7-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-莫-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:212</sup>;張春樹讚賞李漁是17世紀最出色的白話文作家之一,也是清代最有創造力的白話小說家<sup id="cite_ref-張_1-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-張-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:126、203</sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>參考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%8E%E6%B8%94&amp;action=edit&amp;section=19" title="编辑章节:參考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-張-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-張_1-0"><sup><b>1.00</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-張_1-1"><sup><b>1.01</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-張_1-2"><sup><b>1.02</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-張_1-3"><sup><b>1.03</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-張_1-4"><sup><b>1.04</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-張_1-5"><sup><b>1.05</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-張_1-6"><sup><b>1.06</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-張_1-7"><sup><b>1.07</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-張_1-8"><sup><b>1.08</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-張_1-9"><sup><b>1.09</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-張_1-10"><sup><b>1.10</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-張_1-11"><sup><b>1.11</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-張_1-12"><sup><b>1.12</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-張_1-13"><sup><b>1.13</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-張_1-14"><sup><b>1.14</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-張_1-15"><sup><b>1.15</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-張_1-16"><sup><b>1.16</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-張_1-17"><sup><b>1.17</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-張_1-18"><sup><b>1.18</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-張_1-19"><sup><b>1.19</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-張_1-20"><sup><b>1.20</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-張_1-21"><sup><b>1.21</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-張_1-22"><sup><b>1.22</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-張_1-23"><sup><b>1.23</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-張_1-24"><sup><b>1.24</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-張_1-25"><sup><b>1.25</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-張_1-26"><sup><b>1.26</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-張_1-27"><sup><b>1.27</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-張_1-28"><sup><b>1.28</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-張_1-29"><sup><b>1.29</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-張_1-30"><sup><b>1.30</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-張_1-31"><sup><b>1.31</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-張_1-32"><sup><b>1.32</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-張_1-33"><sup><b>1.33</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-張_1-34"><sup><b>1.34</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-張_1-35"><sup><b>1.35</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-張_1-36"><sup><b>1.36</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-張_1-37"><sup><b>1.37</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-張_1-38"><sup><b>1.38</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-張_1-39"><sup><b>1.39</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-張_1-40"><sup><b>1.40</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-張_1-41"><sup><b>1.41</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-張_1-42"><sup><b>1.42</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-張_1-43"><sup><b>1.43</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-張_1-44"><sup><b>1.44</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-張_1-45"><sup><b>1.45</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-張_1-46"><sup><b>1.46</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-張_1-47"><sup><b>1.47</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-張_1-48"><sup><b>1.48</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-張_1-49"><sup><b>1.49</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-張_1-50"><sup><b>1.50</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-張_1-51"><sup><b>1.51</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-張_1-52"><sup><b>1.52</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-張_1-53"><sup><b>1.53</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-張_1-54"><sup><b>1.54</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-張_1-55"><sup><b>1.55</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-張_1-56"><sup><b>1.56</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-張_1-57"><sup><b>1.57</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-張_1-58"><sup><b>1.58</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-張_1-59"><sup><b>1.59</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-張_1-60"><sup><b>1.60</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-張_1-61"><sup><b>1.61</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-張_1-62"><sup><b>1.62</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-張_1-63"><sup><b>1.63</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-張_1-64"><sup><b>1.64</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-張_1-65"><sup><b>1.65</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-張_1-66"><sup><b>1.66</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-張_1-67"><sup><b>1.67</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-張_1-68"><sup><b>1.68</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-張_1-69"><sup><b>1.69</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">張春樹; 駱雪倫. 《明清时代之社会经济巨变与新文化:李渔时代的社会与文化及其“现代性”》. 王湘雲譯. 上海: 上海古籍出版社. 2008. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9787532549139" title="Special:网络书源/9787532549139"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;9787532549139</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文(简体)网页">(中文(简体))</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9D%8E%E6%B8%94&amp;rft.au=%E5%BC%B5%E6%98%A5%E6%A8%B9&amp;rft.au=%E9%A7%B1%E9%9B%AA%E5%80%AB&amp;rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E6%98%8E%E6%B8%85%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3%E4%B9%8B%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%B7%A8%E5%8F%98%E4%B8%8E%E6%96%B0%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%EF%BC%9A%E6%9D%8E%E6%B8%94%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3%E7%9A%84%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%8E%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%8F%8A%E5%85%B6%E2%80%9C%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%80%A7%E2%80%9D%E3%80%8B&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=9787532549139&amp;rft.place=%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7&amp;rft.pub=%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%8F%A4%E7%B1%8D%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-青-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-青_2-0"><sup><b>2.00</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-青_2-1"><sup><b>2.01</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-青_2-2"><sup><b>2.02</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-青_2-3"><sup><b>2.03</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-青_2-4"><sup><b>2.04</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-青_2-5"><sup><b>2.05</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-青_2-6"><sup><b>2.06</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-青_2-7"><sup><b>2.07</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-青_2-8"><sup><b>2.08</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-青_2-9"><sup><b>2.09</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="青木正兒" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="青木正児"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%92%E6%9C%A8%E6%AD%A3%E5%85%92&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="青木正兒(页面不存在)">青木正兒</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E6%9C%A8%E6%AD%A3%E5%85%90" class="extiw" title="ja:青木正児"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">青木正児</span></a></span>)</span></span>. 《中國近世戲曲史》. 王古魯譯. 北京: 中華書局. 2010. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9787101064445" title="Special:网络书源/9787101064445"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;9787101064445</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文(繁體)网页">(中文(繁體))</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9D%8E%E6%B8%94&amp;rft.au=%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-all+%22+data-orig-title%3D%22%E9%9D%92%E6%9C%A8%E6%AD%A3%E5%85%92%22+data-lang-code%3D%22ja%22+data-lang-name%3D%22%E6%97%A5%E8%AF%AD%22+data-foreign-title%3D%22%E9%9D%92%E6%9C%A8%E6%AD%A3%E5%85%90%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-page%22%3E%E9%9D%92%E6%9C%A8%E6%AD%A3%E5%85%92%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22noprint+ilh-comment%22%3E%EF%BC%88%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-lang%22%3E%E6%97%A5%E8%AF%AD%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-colon%22%3E%EF%BC%9A%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-link%22%3E-%7B%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+dir%3D%22auto%22%3E%E9%9D%92%E6%9C%A8%E6%AD%A3%E5%85%90%3C%2Fspan%3E%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3E%EF%BC%89%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E&amp;rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E8%BF%91%E4%B8%96%E6%88%B2%E6%9B%B2%E5%8F%B2%E3%80%8B&amp;rft.date=2010&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=9787101064445&amp;rft.place=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC&amp;rft.pub=%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%9B%B8%E5%B1%80&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-韓-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-韓_3-0"><sup><b>3.00</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-韓_3-1"><sup><b>3.01</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-韓_3-2"><sup><b>3.02</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-韓_3-3"><sup><b>3.03</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-韓_3-4"><sup><b>3.04</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-韓_3-5"><sup><b>3.05</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-韓_3-6"><sup><b>3.06</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-韓_3-7"><sup><b>3.07</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-韓_3-8"><sup><b>3.08</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-韓_3-9"><sup><b>3.09</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-韓_3-10"><sup><b>3.10</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-韓_3-11"><sup><b>3.11</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-韓_3-12"><sup><b>3.12</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-韓_3-13"><sup><b>3.13</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-韓_3-14"><sup><b>3.14</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-韓_3-15"><sup><b>3.15</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-韓_3-16"><sup><b>3.16</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-韓_3-17"><sup><b>3.17</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-韓_3-18"><sup><b>3.18</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-韓_3-19"><sup><b>3.19</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-韓_3-20"><sup><b>3.20</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-韓_3-21"><sup><b>3.21</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-韓_3-22"><sup><b>3.22</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-韓_3-23"><sup><b>3.23</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-韓_3-24"><sup><b>3.24</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-韓_3-25"><sup><b>3.25</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-韓_3-26"><sup><b>3.26</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-韓_3-27"><sup><b>3.27</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-韓_3-28"><sup><b>3.28</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-韓_3-29"><sup><b>3.29</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-韓_3-30"><sup><b>3.30</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-韓_3-31"><sup><b>3.31</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-韓_3-32"><sup><b>3.32</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-韓_3-33"><sup><b>3.33</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-韓_3-34"><sup><b>3.34</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-韓_3-35"><sup><b>3.35</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-韓_3-36"><sup><b>3.36</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-韓_3-37"><sup><b>3.37</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-韓_3-38"><sup><b>3.38</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-韓_3-39"><sup><b>3.39</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-韓_3-40"><sup><b>3.40</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-韓_3-41"><sup><b>3.41</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-韓_3-42"><sup><b>3.42</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-韓_3-43"><sup><b>3.43</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-韓_3-44"><sup><b>3.44</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-韓_3-45"><sup><b>3.45</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-韓_3-46"><sup><b>3.46</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-韓_3-47"><sup><b>3.47</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-韓_3-48"><sup><b>3.48</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-韓_3-49"><sup><b>3.49</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-韓_3-50"><sup><b>3.50</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-韓_3-51"><sup><b>3.51</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="韓南" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Patrick Hanan"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9F%93%E5%8D%97&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="韓南(页面不存在)">韓南</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_Hanan" class="extiw" title="en:Patrick Hanan"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Patrick Hanan</span></a></span>)</span></span>(Patrick Hanan). 《创造李渔》. 楊光輝譯. 上海: 上海教育出版社. 2010. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9787544421805" title="Special:网络书源/9787544421805"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;9787544421805</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文(简体)网页">(中文(简体))</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9D%8E%E6%B8%94&amp;rft.au=%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-all+%22+data-orig-title%3D%22%E9%9F%93%E5%8D%97%22+data-lang-code%3D%22en%22+data-lang-name%3D%22%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD%22+data-foreign-title%3D%22Patrick+Hanan%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-page%22%3E%E9%9F%93%E5%8D%97%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22noprint+ilh-comment%22%3E%EF%BC%88%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-lang%22%3E%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-colon%22%3E%EF%BC%9A%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-link%22%3E-%7B%3Cspan+lang%3D%22en%22+dir%3D%22auto%22%3EPatrick+Hanan%3C%2Fspan%3E%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3E%EF%BC%89%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%EF%BC%88Patrick+Hanan%EF%BC%89&amp;rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E5%88%9B%E9%80%A0%E6%9D%8E%E6%B8%94%E3%80%8B&amp;rft.date=2010&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=9787544421805&amp;rft.place=%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7&amp;rft.pub=%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-柳-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-柳_4-0"><sup><b>4.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-柳_4-1"><sup><b>4.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-柳_4-2"><sup><b>4.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-柳_4-3"><sup><b>4.3</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-柳_4-4"><sup><b>4.4</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-柳_4-5"><sup><b>4.5</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-柳_4-6"><sup><b>4.6</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-柳_4-7"><sup><b>4.7</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-柳_4-8"><sup><b>4.8</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%B3%E7%84%A1%E5%BF%8C" title="柳無忌">柳無忌</a>. 《中国文学新论》. 倪慶餼譯. 北京: 中國人民大學出版社. 1993. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9787300010359" title="Special:网络书源/9787300010359"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;9787300010359</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文(简体)网页">(中文(简体))</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9D%8E%E6%B8%94&amp;rft.au=%E6%9F%B3%E7%84%A1%E5%BF%8C&amp;rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E6%96%B0%E8%AE%BA%E3%80%8B&amp;rft.date=1993&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=9787300010359&amp;rft.place=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC&amp;rft.pub=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-岡-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-岡_5-0"><sup><b>5.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-岡_5-1"><sup><b>5.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-岡_5-2"><sup><b>5.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-岡_5-3"><sup><b>5.3</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">岡晴夫. 仰文淵譯. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nssd.cn/html/1/156/159/index.html?lngId=1002260263&amp;synUpdateType=undefined">《李渔的戏曲及其评价》</a>. 《復旦學報(社會科學版)》. 1986, <b>6</b>: 51–59 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2023-08-28</span>&#93;</span> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文(简体)网页">(中文(简体))</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9D%8E%E6%B8%94&amp;rft.atitle=-%7Bzh-cn%3A%E3%80%8A%3Bzh-my%3A%E3%80%8A%3Bzh-sg%3A%E3%80%8A%3Bzh-hk%3A%E3%80%8A%3Bzh-mo%3A%E3%80%8A%3Bzh-tw%3A%E3%80%88%3B%7D-%E6%9D%8E%E6%B8%94%E7%9A%84%E6%88%8F%E6%9B%B2%E5%8F%8A%E5%85%B6%E8%AF%84%E4%BB%B7-%7Bzh-cn%3A%E3%80%8B%3Bzh-my%3A%E3%80%8B%3Bzh-sg%3A%E3%80%8B%3Bzh-hk%3A%E3%80%8B%3Bzh-mo%3A%E3%80%8B%3B+zh-tw%3A%E3%80%89%3B%7D-&amp;rft.au=%E5%B2%A1%E6%99%B4%E5%A4%AB&amp;rft.date=1986&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=%E3%80%8A%E5%BE%A9%E6%97%A6%E5%AD%B8%E5%A0%B1%EF%BC%88%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E7%89%88%EF%BC%89%E3%80%8B&amp;rft.pages=51-59&amp;rft.volume=6&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nssd.cn%2Fhtml%2F1%2F156%2F159%2Findex.html%3FlngId%3D1002260263%26synUpdateType%3Dundefined&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-李-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-李_6-0"><sup><b>6.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-李_6-1"><sup><b>6.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-李_6-2"><sup><b>6.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-李_6-3"><sup><b>6.3</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-李_6-4"><sup><b>6.4</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-李_6-5"><sup><b>6.5</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-李_6-6"><sup><b>6.6</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">李惠儀. 《清初文学(1644—1723)》. <a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%99%E5%BA%B7%E5%AE%9C" title="孙康宜">孫康宜</a>; <a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E6%96%87%E6%89%80%E5%AE%89" title="宇文所安">宇文所安</a> (编). 《剑桥中国文学史》下卷. 北京: 三聯書店. 2013: 178–277. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9787108044679" title="Special:网络书源/9787108044679"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;9787108044679</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文(简体)网页">(中文(简体))</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9D%8E%E6%B8%94&amp;rft.atitle=-%7Bzh-cn%3A%E3%80%8A%3Bzh-my%3A%E3%80%8A%3Bzh-sg%3A%E3%80%8A%3Bzh-hk%3A%E3%80%8A%3Bzh-mo%3A%E3%80%8A%3Bzh-tw%3A%E3%80%88%3B%7D-%E6%B8%85%E5%88%9D%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%EF%BC%881644%E2%80%941723%EF%BC%89-%7Bzh-cn%3A%E3%80%8B%3Bzh-my%3A%E3%80%8B%3Bzh-sg%3A%E3%80%8B%3Bzh-hk%3A%E3%80%8B%3Bzh-mo%3A%E3%80%8B%3B+zh-tw%3A%E3%80%89%3B%7D-&amp;rft.au=%E6%9D%8E%E6%83%A0%E5%84%80&amp;rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E5%89%91%E6%A1%A5%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2%E3%80%8B%E4%B8%8B%E5%8D%B7&amp;rft.date=2013&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.isbn=9787108044679&amp;rft.pages=178-277&amp;rft.place=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC&amp;rft.pub=%E4%B8%89%E8%81%AF%E6%9B%B8%E5%BA%97&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-莫-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-莫_7-0"><sup><b>7.00</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-莫_7-1"><sup><b>7.01</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-莫_7-2"><sup><b>7.02</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-莫_7-3"><sup><b>7.03</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-莫_7-4"><sup><b>7.04</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-莫_7-5"><sup><b>7.05</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-莫_7-6"><sup><b>7.06</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-莫_7-7"><sup><b>7.07</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-莫_7-8"><sup><b>7.08</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-莫_7-9"><sup><b>7.09</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E8%8A%9D%E5%AE%9C%E4%BD%B3" title="莫芝宜佳">莫宜佳</a>. 《中国中短篇叙事文学史》. 韋凌譯. 上海: 華東師範大學出版社. 2008. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9787561760765" title="Special:网络书源/9787561760765"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;9787561760765</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文(简体)网页">(中文(简体))</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9D%8E%E6%B8%94&amp;rft.au=%E8%8E%AB%E5%AE%9C%E4%BD%B3&amp;rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%B8%AD%E7%9F%AD%E7%AF%87%E5%8F%99%E4%BA%8B%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2%E3%80%8B&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=9787561760765&amp;rft.place=%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7&amp;rft.pub=%E8%8F%AF%E6%9D%B1%E5%B8%AB%E7%AF%84%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-韓a-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-韓a_8-0"><sup><b>8.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-韓a_8-1"><sup><b>8.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-韓a_8-2"><sup><b>8.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-韓a_8-3"><sup><b>8.3</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="韓南" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Patrick Hanan"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9F%93%E5%8D%97&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="韓南(页面不存在)">韓南</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_Hanan" class="extiw" title="en:Patrick Hanan"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Patrick Hanan</span></a></span>)</span></span>. 《中国白话小说史》. 尹慧民譯. 杭州: 浙江古籍出版社. 1989. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9787805181073" title="Special:网络书源/9787805181073"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;9787805181073</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文(简体)网页">(中文(简体))</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9D%8E%E6%B8%94&amp;rft.au=%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-all+%22+data-orig-title%3D%22%E9%9F%93%E5%8D%97%22+data-lang-code%3D%22en%22+data-lang-name%3D%22%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD%22+data-foreign-title%3D%22Patrick+Hanan%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-page%22%3E%E9%9F%93%E5%8D%97%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22noprint+ilh-comment%22%3E%EF%BC%88%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-lang%22%3E%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-colon%22%3E%EF%BC%9A%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-link%22%3E-%7B%3Cspan+lang%3D%22en%22+dir%3D%22auto%22%3EPatrick+Hanan%3C%2Fspan%3E%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3E%EF%BC%89%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E&amp;rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%99%BD%E8%AF%9D%E5%B0%8F%E8%AF%B4%E5%8F%B2%E3%80%8B&amp;rft.date=1989&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=9787805181073&amp;rft.place=%E6%9D%AD%E5%B7%9E&amp;rft.pub=%E6%B5%99%E6%B1%9F%E5%8F%A4%E7%B1%8D%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-陳a-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-陳a_9-0"><sup><b>9.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-陳a_9-1"><sup><b>9.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-陳a_9-2"><sup><b>9.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">陳建華. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tpl.ncl.edu.tw/NclService/JournalContentDetail?SysId=A08085920">《凝視與窺視:李漁〈夏宜樓〉與明清視覺文化》</a>. 《政大中文學報》. 2008, <b>9</b>: 25–54 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2023-08-28</span>&#93;</span> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文(繁體)网页">(中文(繁體))</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9D%8E%E6%B8%94&amp;rft.atitle=-%7Bzh-cn%3A%E3%80%8A%3Bzh-my%3A%E3%80%8A%3Bzh-sg%3A%E3%80%8A%3Bzh-hk%3A%E3%80%8A%3Bzh-mo%3A%E3%80%8A%3Bzh-tw%3A%E3%80%88%3B%7D-%E5%87%9D%E8%A6%96%E8%88%87%E7%AA%BA%E8%A6%96%EF%BC%9A%E6%9D%8E%E6%BC%81%E3%80%88%E5%A4%8F%E5%AE%9C%E6%A8%93%E3%80%89%E8%88%87%E6%98%8E%E6%B8%85%E8%A6%96%E8%A6%BA%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96-%7Bzh-cn%3A%E3%80%8B%3Bzh-my%3A%E3%80%8B%3Bzh-sg%3A%E3%80%8B%3Bzh-hk%3A%E3%80%8B%3Bzh-mo%3A%E3%80%8B%3B+zh-tw%3A%E3%80%89%3B%7D-&amp;rft.au=%E9%99%B3%E5%BB%BA%E8%8F%AF&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=%E3%80%8A%E6%94%BF%E5%A4%A7%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8%E5%A0%B1%E3%80%8B&amp;rft.pages=25-54&amp;rft.volume=9&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftpl.ncl.edu.tw%2FNclService%2FJournalContentDetail%3FSysId%3DA08085920&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-陳-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-陳_10-0"><sup><b>10.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-陳_10-1"><sup><b>10.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-陳_10-2"><sup><b>10.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-陳_10-3"><sup><b>10.3</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-陳_10-4"><sup><b>10.4</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">陳建華. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nssd.cn/html/1/156/159/index.html?lngId=7001747057&amp;synUpdateType=undefined">《“空中楼阁”的势力场域——李渔〈十二楼〉与小说的近代进路》</a>. 《東岳論叢》. 2019, <b>40</b> (4): 76–89 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2023-08-28</span>&#93;</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231124235625/https://www.nssd.cn/html/1/156/159/index.html?lngId=7001747057&amp;synUpdateType=undefined">存档</a>于2023-11-24) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文(简体)网页">(中文(简体))</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9D%8E%E6%B8%94&amp;rft.atitle=-%7Bzh-cn%3A%E3%80%8A%3Bzh-my%3A%E3%80%8A%3Bzh-sg%3A%E3%80%8A%3Bzh-hk%3A%E3%80%8A%3Bzh-mo%3A%E3%80%8A%3Bzh-tw%3A%E3%80%88%3B%7D-%E2%80%9C%E7%A9%BA%E4%B8%AD%E6%A5%BC%E9%98%81%E2%80%9D%E7%9A%84%E5%8A%BF%E5%8A%9B%E5%9C%BA%E5%9F%9F%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E6%9D%8E%E6%B8%94-%7Bzh-cn%3A%E3%80%88%3Bzh-my%3A%E3%80%88%3Bzh-sg%3A%E3%80%88%3Bzh-hk%3A%E3%80%88%3Bzh-mo%3A%E3%80%88%3Bzh-tw%3A%E3%80%8A%3B%7D-%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E6%A5%BC-%7Bzh-cn%3A%E3%80%89%3Bzh-my%3A%E3%80%89%3Bzh-sg%3A%E3%80%89%3Bzh-hk%3A%E3%80%89%3Bzh-mo%3A%E3%80%89%3B+zh-tw%3A%E3%80%8B%3B%7D-%E4%B8%8E%E5%B0%8F%E8%AF%B4%E7%9A%84%E8%BF%91%E4%BB%A3%E8%BF%9B%E8%B7%AF-%7Bzh-cn%3A%E3%80%8B%3Bzh-my%3A%E3%80%8B%3Bzh-sg%3A%E3%80%8B%3Bzh-hk%3A%E3%80%8B%3Bzh-mo%3A%E3%80%8B%3B+zh-tw%3A%E3%80%89%3B%7D-&amp;rft.au=%E9%99%B3%E5%BB%BA%E8%8F%AF&amp;rft.date=2019&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.issue=4&amp;rft.jtitle=%E3%80%8A%E6%9D%B1%E5%B2%B3%E8%AB%96%E5%8F%A2%E3%80%8B&amp;rft.pages=76-89&amp;rft.volume=40&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nssd.cn%2Fhtml%2F1%2F156%2F159%2Findex.html%3FlngId%3D7001747057%26synUpdateType%3Dundefined&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-司-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-司_11-0"><sup><b>11.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-司_11-1"><sup><b>11.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">司馬濤(Thomas Zimmer). 《中国皇朝末期的长篇小说》. 葛放等譯. 上海: 華東師範大學出版社. 2012. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/7561766262" title="Special:网络书源/7561766262"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;7561766262</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文(简体)网页">(中文(简体))</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9D%8E%E6%B8%94&amp;rft.au=%E5%8F%B8%E9%A6%AC%E6%BF%A4%EF%BC%88Thomas+Zimmer%EF%BC%89&amp;rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%9A%87%E6%9C%9D%E6%9C%AB%E6%9C%9F%E7%9A%84%E9%95%BF%E7%AF%87%E5%B0%8F%E8%AF%B4%E3%80%8B&amp;rft.date=2012&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=7561766262&amp;rft.place=%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7&amp;rft.pub=%E8%8F%AF%E6%9D%B1%E5%B8%AB%E7%AF%84%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-恒-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-恒_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%92%E6%85%95%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="恒慕義">恒慕義</a> (编). 《<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E4%BB%A3%E5%90%8D%E4%BA%BA%E4%BC%A0%E7%95%A5" title="清代名人传略">清代名人传略</a>》. 張廣達等譯. 西寧: 青海人民出版社. 1990. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9787225101323" title="Special:网络书源/9787225101323"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;9787225101323</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文(简体)网页">(中文(简体))</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9D%8E%E6%B8%94&amp;rft.au=%E6%81%92%E6%85%95%E7%BE%A9&amp;rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E6%B8%85%E4%BB%A3%E5%90%8D%E4%BA%BA%E4%BC%A0%E7%95%A5%E3%80%8B&amp;rft.date=1990&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=9787225101323&amp;rft.place=%E8%A5%BF%E5%AF%A7&amp;rft.pub=%E9%9D%92%E6%B5%B7%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-中-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-中_13-0"><sup><b>13.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-中_13-1"><sup><b>13.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">中川諭. 《〈三国志演义〉版本研究》. 林妙燕譯. 上海: 上海古籍出版社. 2010. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9787532556281" title="Special:网络书源/9787532556281"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;9787532556281</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文(简体)网页">(中文(简体))</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9D%8E%E6%B8%94&amp;rft.au=%E4%B8%AD%E5%B7%9D%E8%AB%AD&amp;rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A-%7Bzh-cn%3A%E3%80%88%3Bzh-my%3A%E3%80%88%3Bzh-sg%3A%E3%80%88%3Bzh-hk%3A%E3%80%88%3Bzh-mo%3A%E3%80%88%3Bzh-tw%3A%E3%80%8A%3B%7D-%E4%B8%89%E5%9B%BD%E5%BF%97%E6%BC%94%E4%B9%89-%7Bzh-cn%3A%E3%80%89%3Bzh-my%3A%E3%80%89%3Bzh-sg%3A%E3%80%89%3Bzh-hk%3A%E3%80%89%3Bzh-mo%3A%E3%80%89%3B+zh-tw%3A%E3%80%8B%3B%7D-%E7%89%88%E6%9C%AC%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E3%80%8B&amp;rft.date=2010&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=9787532556281&amp;rft.place=%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7&amp;rft.pub=%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%8F%A4%E7%B1%8D%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-顧-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-顧_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%A7%E5%BD%AC" title="顧彬">顧彬</a>等. 《中国古典散文:从中世纪到近代的散文、游记、笔记和书信》. 梅琦雯等譯. 上海: 華東師範大學出版社. 2008. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9787561761090" title="Special:网络书源/9787561761090"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;9787561761090</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文(简体)网页">(中文(简体))</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9D%8E%E6%B8%94&amp;rft.au=%E9%A1%A7%E5%BD%AC%E7%AD%89&amp;rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E6%95%A3%E6%96%87%EF%BC%9A%E4%BB%8E%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E5%88%B0%E8%BF%91%E4%BB%A3%E7%9A%84%E6%95%A3%E6%96%87%E3%80%81%E6%B8%B8%E8%AE%B0%E3%80%81%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0%E5%92%8C%E4%B9%A6%E4%BF%A1%E3%80%8B&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=9787561761090&amp;rft.place=%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7&amp;rft.pub=%E8%8F%AF%E6%9D%B1%E5%B8%AB%E7%AF%84%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-青a-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-青a_15-0"><sup><b>15.00</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-青a_15-1"><sup><b>15.01</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-青a_15-2"><sup><b>15.02</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-青a_15-3"><sup><b>15.03</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-青a_15-4"><sup><b>15.04</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-青a_15-5"><sup><b>15.05</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-青a_15-6"><sup><b>15.06</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-青a_15-7"><sup><b>15.07</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-青a_15-8"><sup><b>15.08</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-青a_15-9"><sup><b>15.09</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-青a_15-10"><sup><b>15.10</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="青木正兒" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="青木正児"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%92%E6%9C%A8%E6%AD%A3%E5%85%92&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="青木正兒(页面不存在)">青木正兒</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E6%9C%A8%E6%AD%A3%E5%85%90" class="extiw" title="ja:青木正児"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">青木正児</span></a></span>)</span></span>. 《清代文学评论史》. 楊鐵嬰譯. 北京: 中國社會科學出版社. 1988. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9787500402534" title="Special:网络书源/9787500402534"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;9787500402534</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文(简体)网页">(中文(简体))</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9D%8E%E6%B8%94&amp;rft.au=%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-all+%22+data-orig-title%3D%22%E9%9D%92%E6%9C%A8%E6%AD%A3%E5%85%92%22+data-lang-code%3D%22ja%22+data-lang-name%3D%22%E6%97%A5%E8%AF%AD%22+data-foreign-title%3D%22%E9%9D%92%E6%9C%A8%E6%AD%A3%E5%85%90%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-page%22%3E%E9%9D%92%E6%9C%A8%E6%AD%A3%E5%85%92%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22noprint+ilh-comment%22%3E%EF%BC%88%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-lang%22%3E%E6%97%A5%E8%AF%AD%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-colon%22%3E%EF%BC%9A%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-link%22%3E-%7B%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%22+dir%3D%22auto%22%3E%E9%9D%92%E6%9C%A8%E6%AD%A3%E5%85%90%3C%2Fspan%3E%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3E%EF%BC%89%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E&amp;rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E6%B8%85%E4%BB%A3%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E8%AF%84%E8%AE%BA%E5%8F%B2%E3%80%8B&amp;rft.date=1988&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=9787500402534&amp;rft.place=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC&amp;rft.pub=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-譚-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-譚_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">譚家齊. 《晚明判牍与小说资料所示的刑讯原则及效用争议》. 《法國漢學》叢書編輯委員會 (编). 《法國漢學.第十六輯.罪與罰:中歐法制史研究的對話》. 北京: 中華書局. 2014: 259–282. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9787507745023" title="Special:网络书源/9787507745023"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;9787507745023</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文(简体)网页">(中文(简体))</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9D%8E%E6%B8%94&amp;rft.atitle=-%7Bzh-cn%3A%E3%80%8A%3Bzh-my%3A%E3%80%8A%3Bzh-sg%3A%E3%80%8A%3Bzh-hk%3A%E3%80%8A%3Bzh-mo%3A%E3%80%8A%3Bzh-tw%3A%E3%80%88%3B%7D-%E6%99%9A%E6%98%8E%E5%88%A4%E7%89%8D%E4%B8%8E%E5%B0%8F%E8%AF%B4%E8%B5%84%E6%96%99%E6%89%80%E7%A4%BA%E7%9A%84%E5%88%91%E8%AE%AF%E5%8E%9F%E5%88%99%E5%8F%8A%E6%95%88%E7%94%A8%E4%BA%89%E8%AE%AE-%7Bzh-cn%3A%E3%80%8B%3Bzh-my%3A%E3%80%8B%3Bzh-sg%3A%E3%80%8B%3Bzh-hk%3A%E3%80%8B%3Bzh-mo%3A%E3%80%8B%3B+zh-tw%3A%E3%80%89%3B%7D-&amp;rft.au=%E8%AD%9A%E5%AE%B6%E9%BD%8A&amp;rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%B8%EF%BC%8E%E7%AC%AC%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AD%E8%BC%AF%EF%BC%8E%E7%BD%AA%E8%88%87%E7%BD%B0%EF%BC%9A%E4%B8%AD%E6%AD%90%E6%B3%95%E5%88%B6%E5%8F%B2%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E7%9A%84%E5%B0%8D%E8%A9%B1%E3%80%8B&amp;rft.date=2014&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.isbn=9787507745023&amp;rft.pages=259-282&amp;rft.place=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC&amp;rft.pub=%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%9B%B8%E5%B1%80&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-金-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-金_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://slj.jinhua.gov.cn/art/2021/4/6/art_1229264165_58923858.html">《兰溪李渔坝 ——“识字农”山中且为“相” 惠乡里修成“引流长”》</a>. 《金華日報》. 金華市水利局. 2021-04-06 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2024-01-13</span>&#93;</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240112235948/http://slj.jinhua.gov.cn/art/2021/4/6/art_1229264165_58923858.html">存档</a>于2024-01-12) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文(简体)网页">(中文(简体))</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9D%8E%E6%B8%94&amp;rft.atitle=-%7Bzh-cn%3A%E3%80%8A%3Bzh-my%3A%E3%80%8A%3Bzh-sg%3A%E3%80%8A%3Bzh-hk%3A%E3%80%8A%3Bzh-mo%3A%E3%80%8A%3Bzh-tw%3A%E3%80%88%3B%7D-%E5%85%B0%E6%BA%AA%E6%9D%8E%E6%B8%94%E5%9D%9D+%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E2%80%9C%E8%AF%86%E5%AD%97%E5%86%9C%E2%80%9D%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%94%E4%B8%BA%E2%80%9C%E7%9B%B8%E2%80%9D+%E6%83%A0%E4%B9%A1%E9%87%8C%E4%BF%AE%E6%88%90%E2%80%9C%E5%BC%95%E6%B5%81%E9%95%BF%E2%80%9D-%7Bzh-cn%3A%E3%80%8B%3Bzh-my%3A%E3%80%8B%3Bzh-sg%3A%E3%80%8B%3Bzh-hk%3A%E3%80%8B%3Bzh-mo%3A%E3%80%8B%3B+zh-tw%3A%E3%80%89%3B%7D-&amp;rft.date=2021-04-06&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=%E3%80%8A%E9%87%91%E8%8F%AF%E6%97%A5%E5%A0%B1%E3%80%8B&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fslj.jinhua.gov.cn%2Fart%2F2021%2F4%2F6%2Fart_1229264165_58923858.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-劉-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-劉_18-0"><sup><b>18.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-劉_18-1"><sup><b>18.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%98%E6%95%A6%E6%A1%A2" title="刘敦桢">劉敦楨</a>. 《苏州古典园林》. 北京: 中國建築工業出版社. 1979. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9787112074655" title="Special:网络书源/9787112074655"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;9787112074655</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文(简体)网页">(中文(简体))</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9D%8E%E6%B8%94&amp;rft.au=%E5%8A%89%E6%95%A6%E6%A5%A8&amp;rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E8%8B%8F%E5%B7%9E%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E5%9B%AD%E6%9E%97%E3%80%8B&amp;rft.date=1979&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=9787112074655&amp;rft.place=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC&amp;rft.pub=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-杜-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-杜_19-0"><sup><b>19.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-杜_19-1"><sup><b>19.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">杜書瀛. 《李渔美学思想研究》. 北京: 中國社會科學出版社. 1998. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9787500421689" title="Special:网络书源/9787500421689"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span>&#160;9787500421689</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文(简体)网页">(中文(简体))</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9D%8E%E6%B8%94&amp;rft.au=%E6%9D%9C%E6%9B%B8%E7%80%9B&amp;rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E6%9D%8E%E6%B8%94%E7%BE%8E%E5%AD%A6%E6%80%9D%E6%83%B3%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E3%80%8B&amp;rft.date=1998&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=9787500421689&amp;rft.place=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC&amp;rft.pub=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-蕭-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-蕭_20-0"><sup><b>20.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-蕭_20-1"><sup><b>20.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-蕭_20-2"><sup><b>20.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-蕭_20-3"><sup><b>20.3</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">蕭涵珍. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinese.ncku.edu.tw/var/file/142/1142/img/3514/861056519.pdf">《高潔的文人與優秀的劇作家:論江戶創作家眼中的李漁》</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. 《成大中文學報》. 2018, <b>62</b>: 87–114 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2024-11-18</span>&#93;</span> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文(繁體)网页">(中文(繁體))</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9D%8E%E6%B8%94&amp;rft.atitle=-%7Bzh-cn%3A%E3%80%8A%3Bzh-my%3A%E3%80%8A%3Bzh-sg%3A%E3%80%8A%3Bzh-hk%3A%E3%80%8A%3Bzh-mo%3A%E3%80%8A%3Bzh-tw%3A%E3%80%88%3B%7D-%E9%AB%98%E6%BD%94%E7%9A%84%E6%96%87%E4%BA%BA%E8%88%87%E5%84%AA%E7%A7%80%E7%9A%84%E5%8A%87%E4%BD%9C%E5%AE%B6%EF%BC%9A%E8%AB%96%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B6%E5%89%B5%E4%BD%9C%E5%AE%B6%E7%9C%BC%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E6%9D%8E%E6%BC%81-%7Bzh-cn%3A%E3%80%8B%3Bzh-my%3A%E3%80%8B%3Bzh-sg%3A%E3%80%8B%3Bzh-hk%3A%E3%80%8B%3Bzh-mo%3A%E3%80%8B%3B+zh-tw%3A%E3%80%89%3B%7D-&amp;rft.au=%E8%95%AD%E6%B6%B5%E7%8F%8D&amp;rft.date=2018&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=%E3%80%8A%E6%88%90%E5%A4%A7%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8%E5%A0%B1%E3%80%8B&amp;rft.pages=87-114&amp;rft.volume=62&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinese.ncku.edu.tw%2Fvar%2Ffile%2F142%2F1142%2Fimg%2F3514%2F861056519.pdf&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="延伸閱讀"><span id=".E5.BB.B6.E4.BC.B8.E9.96.B1.E8.AE.80"></span>延伸閱讀</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%8E%E6%B8%94&amp;action=edit&amp;section=20" title="编辑章节:延伸閱讀"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655521">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655520">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%87%E5%BA%93" title="维基文库">维基文库</a>中该作者的作品:<br /> <b style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:%E6%9D%8E%E6%BC%81" class="extiw" title="s:Author:李漁">李渔</a></b></div></div> </div> <ul><li><cite class="citation journal">許暉林. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tpl.ncl.edu.tw/NclService/JournalContentDetail?SysId=Z00000964">《〈比目魚〉的政治意涵:李漁改編實踐的一個案例研究》</a>. 《政大中文學報》. 2015, <b>23</b>: 207–240 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2023-08-28</span>&#93;</span> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文(繁體)网页">(中文(繁體))</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9D%8E%E6%B8%94&amp;rft.atitle=-%7Bzh-cn%3A%E3%80%8A%3Bzh-my%3A%E3%80%8A%3Bzh-sg%3A%E3%80%8A%3Bzh-hk%3A%E3%80%8A%3Bzh-mo%3A%E3%80%8A%3Bzh-tw%3A%E3%80%88%3B%7D--%7Bzh-cn%3A%E3%80%88%3Bzh-my%3A%E3%80%88%3Bzh-sg%3A%E3%80%88%3Bzh-hk%3A%E3%80%88%3Bzh-mo%3A%E3%80%88%3Bzh-tw%3A%E3%80%8A%3B%7D-%E6%AF%94%E7%9B%AE%E9%AD%9A-%7Bzh-cn%3A%E3%80%89%3Bzh-my%3A%E3%80%89%3Bzh-sg%3A%E3%80%89%3Bzh-hk%3A%E3%80%89%3Bzh-mo%3A%E3%80%89%3B+zh-tw%3A%E3%80%8B%3B%7D-%E7%9A%84%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E6%84%8F%E6%B6%B5%EF%BC%9A%E6%9D%8E%E6%BC%81%E6%94%B9%E7%B7%A8%E5%AF%A6%E8%B8%90%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%80%E5%80%8B%E6%A1%88%E4%BE%8B%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6-%7Bzh-cn%3A%E3%80%8B%3Bzh-my%3A%E3%80%8B%3Bzh-sg%3A%E3%80%8B%3Bzh-hk%3A%E3%80%8B%3Bzh-mo%3A%E3%80%8B%3B+zh-tw%3A%E3%80%89%3B%7D-&amp;rft.au=%E8%A8%B1%E6%9A%89%E6%9E%97&amp;rft.date=2015&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=%E3%80%8A%E6%94%BF%E5%A4%A7%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8%E5%A0%B1%E3%80%8B&amp;rft.pages=207-240&amp;rft.volume=23&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftpl.ncl.edu.tw%2FNclService%2FJournalContentDetail%3FSysId%3DZ00000964&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation journal">高美華. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tpl.ncl.edu.tw/NclService/JournalContentDetail?SysId=A17020840">《李漁的戲曲評點》</a>. 《戲曲學報》. 2017, <b>16</b>: 39–78 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2023-08-28</span>&#93;</span> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文(繁體)网页">(中文(繁體))</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9D%8E%E6%B8%94&amp;rft.atitle=-%7Bzh-cn%3A%E3%80%8A%3Bzh-my%3A%E3%80%8A%3Bzh-sg%3A%E3%80%8A%3Bzh-hk%3A%E3%80%8A%3Bzh-mo%3A%E3%80%8A%3Bzh-tw%3A%E3%80%88%3B%7D-%E6%9D%8E%E6%BC%81%E7%9A%84%E6%88%B2%E6%9B%B2%E8%A9%95%E9%BB%9E-%7Bzh-cn%3A%E3%80%8B%3Bzh-my%3A%E3%80%8B%3Bzh-sg%3A%E3%80%8B%3Bzh-hk%3A%E3%80%8B%3Bzh-mo%3A%E3%80%8B%3B+zh-tw%3A%E3%80%89%3B%7D-&amp;rft.au=%E9%AB%98%E7%BE%8E%E8%8F%AF&amp;rft.date=2017&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=%E3%80%8A%E6%88%B2%E6%9B%B2%E5%AD%B8%E5%A0%B1%E3%80%8B&amp;rft.pages=39-78&amp;rft.volume=16&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftpl.ncl.edu.tw%2FNclService%2FJournalContentDetail%3FSysId%3DA17020840&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation journal">汪詩珮. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tpl.ncl.edu.tw/NclService/JournalContentDetail?SysId=A10035723">《圖像、敘事、讀者反應:論李漁的〈譚楚玉〉與〈比目魚〉》</a>. 《中正大學中文學術年刊》. 2010, <b>15</b>: 111–150 <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2023-08-28</span>&#93;</span> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文(繁體)网页">(中文(繁體))</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9D%8E%E6%B8%94&amp;rft.atitle=-%7Bzh-cn%3A%E3%80%8A%3Bzh-my%3A%E3%80%8A%3Bzh-sg%3A%E3%80%8A%3Bzh-hk%3A%E3%80%8A%3Bzh-mo%3A%E3%80%8A%3Bzh-tw%3A%E3%80%88%3B%7D-%E5%9C%96%E5%83%8F%E3%80%81%E6%95%98%E4%BA%8B%E3%80%81%E8%AE%80%E8%80%85%E5%8F%8D%E6%87%89%EF%BC%9A%E8%AB%96%E6%9D%8E%E6%BC%81%E7%9A%84%E3%80%88%E8%AD%9A%E6%A5%9A%E7%8E%89%E3%80%89%E8%88%87-%7Bzh-cn%3A%E3%80%88%3Bzh-my%3A%E3%80%88%3Bzh-sg%3A%E3%80%88%3Bzh-hk%3A%E3%80%88%3Bzh-mo%3A%E3%80%88%3Bzh-tw%3A%E3%80%8A%3B%7D-%E6%AF%94%E7%9B%AE%E9%AD%9A-%7Bzh-cn%3A%E3%80%89%3Bzh-my%3A%E3%80%89%3Bzh-sg%3A%E3%80%89%3Bzh-hk%3A%E3%80%89%3Bzh-mo%3A%E3%80%89%3B+zh-tw%3A%E3%80%8B%3B%7D--%7Bzh-cn%3A%E3%80%8B%3Bzh-my%3A%E3%80%8B%3Bzh-sg%3A%E3%80%8B%3Bzh-hk%3A%E3%80%8B%3Bzh-mo%3A%E3%80%8B%3B+zh-tw%3A%E3%80%89%3B%7D-&amp;rft.au=%E6%B1%AA%E8%A9%A9%E7%8F%AE&amp;rft.date=2010&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=%E3%80%8A%E4%B8%AD%E6%AD%A3%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8%E8%A1%93%E5%B9%B4%E5%88%8A%E3%80%8B&amp;rft.pages=111-150&amp;rft.volume=15&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftpl.ncl.edu.tw%2FNclService%2FJournalContentDetail%3FSysId%3DA10035723&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:" :"}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe li::after{content:" | ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen li::after{content:" - ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-comma dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-comma li::after{content:"、";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:"("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output ul.cslist,.mw-parser-output ul.sslist{margin:0;padding:0;display:inline-block;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .cslist li,.mw-parser-output .sslist li{margin:0;display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output .cslist li::after{content:","}.mw-parser-output .sslist li::after{content:";"}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .sslist li:last-child::after{content:none}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84261037">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf;position:relative}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em;width:auto;padding-left:0.2em;position:absolute;left:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{margin-left:0.5em;position:absolute;right:1em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79005747">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="-&amp;#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&amp;#125;--&amp;#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&amp;#125;-_frameless&amp;#124;text-top&amp;#124;10px&amp;#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q310898#identifiers&amp;#124;class=noprint&amp;#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="-&amp;#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&amp;#125;--&amp;#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&amp;#125;-_frameless&amp;#124;text-top&amp;#124;10px&amp;#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q310898#identifiers&amp;#124;class=noprint&amp;#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="Help:规范控制">规范控制数据库</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q310898#identifiers" title="編輯維基數據鏈接"><img alt="編輯維基數據鏈接" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">国际</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/67535/">FAST</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121394537">ISNI</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/73894546">VIAF</a></span> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/153205598">2</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJdrPhC6jHR9Qgfd3hJJjC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">各地</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90503004">挪威</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&amp;authority_id=XX1052024">西班牙</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12167442k">法国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12167442k">BnF data</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058512323706706">加泰罗尼亚</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118779850">德国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Li, Yu &lt;1611-c. 1680&gt;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/CFIV011336">意大利</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&amp;local_base=NLX10&amp;find_code=UID&amp;request=987007264406805171">以色列</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81014376">美国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/ljx03b740s7kn73">瑞典</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00315903">日本</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&amp;local_base=aut&amp;ccl_term=ica=jx20050715005&amp;CON_LNG=ENG">捷克</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://opac.nlc.cn/F/?func=accref&amp;acc_sequence=000213985">中国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.nlg.gr/resource/authority/record259731">希腊</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC200709190">韩国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p140782834">荷兰</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9811536743805606">波兰</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/234036">葡萄牙</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">学术</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA03020627?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">人物</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cbdb.fas.harvard.edu/cbdbapi/person.php?id=0065737">CBDB</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.library.sh.cn/entity/person/xfsddj4ame4k2oxe.html">SHL</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newarchive.ihp.sinica.edu.tw/sncaccgi/sncacFtp?ACTION=TQ,sncacFtpqf,SN=009184,2nd,search_simple">Sinica</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1320535">Trove</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hkcan.julac.org/authorities/names/9811104994203406">HKCAN</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/030210399">IdRef</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐587f7d4878‐5kwj5 Cached time: 20241120200042 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 1.040 seconds Real time usage: 1.271 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 10342/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 181865/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 4846/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 26/100 Expensive parser function count: 36/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 98523/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.429/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5475584/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 1028.375 1 -total 27.99% 287.810 6 Template:Infobox 19.47% 200.219 1 Template:Reflist 18.80% 193.368 1 Template:東亞男性歷史人物 14.02% 144.170 1 Template:Authority_control 12.72% 130.795 1 Template:Wikisource_author 12.22% 125.707 15 Template:Cite_book 9.22% 94.817 1 Template:Sister 8.85% 90.965 1 Template:Side_box 7.12% 73.244 1 Template:東亞男性歷史人物/親屬 --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key zhwiki:pcache:idhash:91556-0!canonical!zh and timestamp 20241120200042 and revision id 85044027. Rendering was triggered because: diff-page --> </div><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&amp;useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=李渔&amp;oldid=85044027">https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=李渔&amp;oldid=85044027</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" title="Special:页面分类">分类</a>:​<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1611%E5%B9%B4%E5%87%BA%E7%94%9F" title="Category:1611年出生">1611年出生</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1680%E5%B9%B4%E9%80%9D%E4%B8%96" title="Category:1680年逝世">1680年逝世</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D%E5%89%A7%E4%BD%9C%E5%AE%B6" title="Category:清朝剧作家">清朝剧作家</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D%E5%B0%8F%E8%AF%B4%E5%AE%B6" title="Category:清朝小说家">清朝小说家</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%9D%8E%E5%A7%93" title="Category:李姓">李姓</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%85%B0%E6%BA%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="Category:兰溪人">兰溪人</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%B5%99%E6%B1%9F%E7%BC%96%E5%89%A7" title="Category:浙江编剧">浙江编剧</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%9C%92%E8%97%9D%E8%88%87%E9%80%A0%E5%9C%92%E5%AD%B8%E5%AE%B6" title="Category:園藝與造園學家">園藝與造園學家</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%9C%A8%E6%9D%AD%E5%B7%9E%E8%BA%AB%E4%BA%A1%E8%80%85" title="Category:在杭州身亡者">在杭州身亡者</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%A6%82%E7%9A%8B%E4%BA%BA" title="Category:如皋人">如皋人</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8D%97%E6%98%8E%E4%BA%BA%E7%89%A9" title="Category:南明人物">南明人物</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%9C%A8%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D%E8%BA%AB%E4%BA%A1%E8%80%85" title="Category:在清朝身亡者">在清朝身亡者</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%98%8E%E6%9C%9D%E7%94%9F%E5%91%98" title="Category:明朝生员">明朝生员</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">隐藏分类:​<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABFAST%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含FAST标识符的维基百科条目">包含FAST标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABISNI%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含ISNI标识符的维基百科条目">包含ISNI标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABVIAF%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含VIAF标识符的维基百科条目">包含VIAF标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABWorldCat%E5%AE%9E%E4%BD%93%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含WorldCat实体标识符的维基百科条目">包含WorldCat实体标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABBIBSYS%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含BIBSYS标识符的维基百科条目">包含BIBSYS标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABBNE%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含BNE标识符的维基百科条目">包含BNE标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABBNF%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含BNF标识符的维基百科条目">包含BNF标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABBNFdata%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含BNFdata标识符的维基百科条目">包含BNFdata标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABCANTICN%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含CANTICN标识符的维基百科条目">包含CANTICN标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABGND%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含GND标识符的维基百科条目">包含GND标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABICCU%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含ICCU标识符的维基百科条目">包含ICCU标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABJ9U%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含J9U标识符的维基百科条目">包含J9U标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABLCCN%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含LCCN标识符的维基百科条目">包含LCCN标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABLibris%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含Libris标识符的维基百科条目">包含Libris标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABNDL%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含NDL标识符的维基百科条目">包含NDL标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABNKC%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含NKC标识符的维基百科条目">包含NKC标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABNLC%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含NLC标识符的维基百科条目">包含NLC标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABNLG%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含NLG标识符的维基百科条目">包含NLG标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABNLK%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含NLK标识符的维基百科条目">包含NLK标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABNTA%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含NTA标识符的维基百科条目">包含NTA标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABPLWABN%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含PLWABN标识符的维基百科条目">包含PLWABN标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABPortugalA%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含PortugalA标识符的维基百科条目">包含PortugalA标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABCINII%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含CINII标识符的维基百科条目">包含CINII标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABCBDB%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含CBDB标识符的维基百科条目">包含CBDB标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABSHL%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含SHL标识符的维基百科条目">包含SHL标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABSinica%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含Sinica标识符的维基百科条目">包含Sinica标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABTrove%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含Trove标识符的维基百科条目">包含Trove标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABHKCAN%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含HKCAN标识符的维基百科条目">包含HKCAN标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABSUDOC%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含SUDOC标识符的维基百科条目">包含SUDOC标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%85%B8%E8%8C%83%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:典范条目">典范条目</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> 本页面最后修订于2024年11月20日 (星期三) 19:59。</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">本站的全部文字在<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.zh">知识共享 署名-相同方式共享 4.0协议</a>之条款下提供,附加条款亦可能应用。(请参阅<a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">使用条款</a>)<br /> Wikipedia&#174;和维基百科标志是<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/zh">维基媒体基金会</a>的注册商标;维基&#8482;是维基媒体基金会的商标。<br /> 维基媒体基金会是按美国国內稅收法501(c)(3)登记的<a class="external text" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tax_deductibility">非营利慈善机构</a>。<br /></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">隐私政策</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E">关于维基百科</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%8D%E8%B4%A3%E5%A3%B0%E6%98%8E">免责声明</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">行为准则</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">开发者</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/zh.wikipedia.org">统计</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie声明</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//zh.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%8E%E6%B8%94&amp;mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">手机版视图</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c59558b9d-7w877","wgBackendResponseTime":201,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.040","walltime":"1.271","ppvisitednodes":{"value":10342,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":181865,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":4846,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":26,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":36,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":98523,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1028.375 1 -total"," 27.99% 287.810 6 Template:Infobox"," 19.47% 200.219 1 Template:Reflist"," 18.80% 193.368 1 Template:東亞男性歷史人物"," 14.02% 144.170 1 Template:Authority_control"," 12.72% 130.795 1 Template:Wikisource_author"," 12.22% 125.707 15 Template:Cite_book"," 9.22% 94.817 1 Template:Sister"," 8.85% 90.965 1 Template:Side_box"," 7.12% 73.244 1 Template:東亞男性歷史人物/親屬"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.429","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":5475584,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-587f7d4878-5kwj5","timestamp":"20241120200042","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"\u674e\u6e14","url":"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%9D%8E%E6%B8%94","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q310898","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q310898","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"\u7ef4\u57fa\u5a92\u4f53\u9879\u76ee\u8d21\u732e\u8005"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2005-04-06T17:15:09Z","dateModified":"2024-11-20T19:59:58Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/2\/25\/Portrait_of_Li_Yu.png","headline":"\u4e2d\u570b\u4f5c\u5bb6\uff081611\u20141680\uff09"}</script> </body> </html>

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10