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Bu kitap bilim öğretimi açısından hem iyi bir rehber hem de bireyin bilim öğrenimi ile ilgili var olan deneyimlerini birkez daha sorgulamasına neden olacak bir eserdir.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Taşkın, Ö. (Editor): Apaydın, Z., Ayfdın, H., Çakıcı, Y., Gemici, Ö., İrez, S., Köse, S., Matyar, F., Özsevgeç, T., Peker, D., Saka, A.Z., Taş, E. ve Turgut, H., Fen ve Teknoloji Öğretiminde Yeni Yaklaşımlar, 2. Baskı, Pegem A Yayıncılık, Ankara, 2012.","attachmentId":54759429,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/239600/Ta%C5%9Fk%C4%B1n_%C3%96_Editor_Apayd%C4%B1n_Z_Ayfd%C4%B1n_H_%C3%87ak%C4%B1c%C4%B1_Y_Gemici_%C3%96_%C4%B0rez_S_K%C3%B6se_S_Matyar_F_%C3%96zsevge%C3%A7_T_Peker_D_Saka_A_Z_Ta%C5%9F_E_ve_Turgut_H_Fen_ve_Teknoloji_%C3%96%C4%9Fretiminde_Yeni_Yakla%C5%9F%C4%B1mlar_2_Bask%C4%B1_Pegem_A_Yay%C4%B1nc%C4%B1l%C4%B1k_Ankara_2012","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/239600/Ta%C5%9Fk%C4%B1n_%C3%96_Editor_Apayd%C4%B1n_Z_Ayfd%C4%B1n_H_%C3%87ak%C4%B1c%C4%B1_Y_Gemici_%C3%96_%C4%B0rez_S_K%C3%B6se_S_Matyar_F_%C3%96zsevge%C3%A7_T_Peker_D_Saka_A_Z_Ta%C5%9F_E_ve_Turgut_H_Fen_ve_Teknoloji_%C3%96%C4%9Fretiminde_Yeni_Yakla%C5%9F%C4%B1mlar_2_Bask%C4%B1_Pegem_A_Yay%C4%B1nc%C4%B1l%C4%B1k_Ankara_2012"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="40945725" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40945725/T%C3%BCrk%C3%A7e_%C3%96%C4%9Fretiminde_Teknolojinin_Kullan%C4%B1m%C4%B1">Türkçe Öğretiminde Teknolojinin Kullanımı</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="111814584" href="https://yildiz.academia.edu/Mehmet%C3%96nderKARACAO%C4%9ELU">Dr. Mehmet Önder KARACAOĞLU</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">UBEST Uluslararası Bilim Eğitim Sanat ve Teknoloji Sempozyumu Bildirileri , 2019</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Bu çalışma, Türkçe öğretiminde teknolojinin kullanılabilirliği ekseninde yapılabilecekleri nitel anlamda ele almaktadır. Teknolojik gelişmelerin eğitim–öğretim süreci içerisinde ele alınması buna bağlı stratejilerin geliştirilmesiyle mümkündür. Strateji, bilgiyi kullanma ve işleme etkinliklerinin gruplandırılması olarak ele alınmaktadır. Öğretme sürecinde kullanılan stratejiler ise öğretimin nasıl gerçekleşeceğini, öğrenmenin etkin bir şekilde oluşması için yapılabilecekleri bir araya getiren yöntem ve tekniklerden oluşur. Bu sürecin etkinliğinin temelini öğretme sürecinde birçok yöntem ve tekniğe dayalı olarak ele alabilmeye bağlanmaktadır. Teknoloji, insanın maddî çevresini denetlemek ve değiştirme amacıyla geliştirdiği araç gereçlerle, bunlara ilişkin bilgilerin tümü şeklinde tanımlanmaktadır. Bu bağlamda eğitim teknolojileri özellikle interaktif uygulamalar, fiber altyapı ve etkileşimli tahtalar ile gelişim göstermiştir. Sanal sınıf uygulamaları, online eğitim portalleri ve Web 2.0 araçları bu altyapıyı destekleyen arayüz, program ve uygulamalar olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. 21. yüzyıl öğretmen yetiştirme stratejileri ele alınırken teknolojinin eğitim-öğretim sürecine entegrasyonunun irdelenmesi gerekmektedir. Hakeza yabancı dil öğretiminde teknolojinin etkin kullanımı fikrinin Türkçe öğretiminde, özellikle de 5-8. Sınıf düzeyinde sağlayacağı katkılar çalışmamızda ele alınmaktadır. Çalışmamızın amacı yenileşmenin en etkin örneği olan teknolojik uygulamaların (kahoot, learning apps, tagul, mindmeister, web 2.0 araçları) Türkçe dersinde ne şekilde uygulanacağını çeşitli örneklerle ve ders akış tasarımlarıyla ele almaktadır.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Türkçe Öğretiminde Teknolojinin Kullanımı","attachmentId":61233757,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/40945725/T%C3%BCrk%C3%A7e_%C3%96%C4%9Fretiminde_Teknolojinin_Kullan%C4%B1m%C4%B1","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/40945725/T%C3%BCrk%C3%A7e_%C3%96%C4%9Fretiminde_Teknolojinin_Kullan%C4%B1m%C4%B1"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="4314020" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4314020/Ogretim_Teknolojilerinin_Temelleri_Teoriler_Arastirmalar_Egilimler">Ogretim Teknolojilerinin Temelleri: Teoriler Arastirmalar Egilimler</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="95226" href="https://metu.academia.edu/KursatCagiltay">Kursat Cagiltay</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2013</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Bu kitap, Öğretim Teknolojileri alanındaki temel teorileri, araştırmaları ve eğilimleri konu alan kapsamlı bir çalışmanın ürünüdür. 42 bölümden oluşan kitap, 27 farklı üniversiteden alanında uzman 65 yazar tarafından kaleme alınmıştır. Kitabın, geniş konu/yazar yelpazesiyle ve detaylı bilgiler sunmasıyla, alandaki Türkçe kaynak ihtiyacını önemli ölçüde karşılaması beklenmektedir. Bu kitap ile; Bilgisayar ve Öğretim Teknolojileri bölümlerinde öğrenim gören Lisans, Yüksek Lisans ve Doktora öğrencilerinin, bu bölümlerde görev yapan öğretim elemanları ile teknolojiyi kendi branşıyla bütünleştirmeye çalışanların, öğretim teknolojileri alanındaki temel bilgi ve becerilerine katkıda bulunulması amaçlanmıştır. BÖTE Bölümlerindeki lisansüstü programların bütün derslerinde ve bu bölümlerin lisans derslerinin büyük bir kısmında başucu kitabı olarak kullanılabileceğine inanılan kitabın sonunda alanda sık kullanılan terimlerle ilgili bir sözlük bulunmaktadır.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Ogretim Teknolojilerinin Temelleri: Teoriler Arastirmalar Egilimler","attachmentId":36685469,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/4314020/Ogretim_Teknolojilerinin_Temelleri_Teoriler_Arastirmalar_Egilimler","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/4314020/Ogretim_Teknolojilerinin_Temelleri_Teoriler_Arastirmalar_Egilimler"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="110865630" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/110865630/%C3%96%C4%9Fretmenlerin_%C3%96%C4%9Frenme_%C3%96%C4%9Fretme_S%C3%BCrecine_Entegre_Etmek_%C4%B0stedikleri_Teknolojilere_%C4%B0li%C5%9Fkin_G%C3%B6r%C3%BC%C5%9Fleri">Öğretmenlerin Öğrenme-Öğretme Sürecine Entegre Etmek İstedikleri Teknolojilere İlişkin Görüşleri</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="228313" href="https://bartin.academia.edu/%C3%9Cmm%C3%BChanAvc%C4%B1">Ümmühan Avcı</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2019</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Öğretmenlerin Öğrenme-Öğretme Sürecine Entegre Etmek İstedikleri Teknolojilere İlişkin Görüşleri","attachmentId":108550548,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/110865630/%C3%96%C4%9Fretmenlerin_%C3%96%C4%9Frenme_%C3%96%C4%9Fretme_S%C3%BCrecine_Entegre_Etmek_%C4%B0stedikleri_Teknolojilere_%C4%B0li%C5%9Fkin_G%C3%B6r%C3%BC%C5%9Fleri","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/110865630/%C3%96%C4%9Fretmenlerin_%C3%96%C4%9Frenme_%C3%96%C4%9Fretme_S%C3%BCrecine_Entegre_Etmek_%C4%B0stedikleri_Teknolojilere_%C4%B0li%C5%9Fkin_G%C3%B6r%C3%BC%C5%9Fleri"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="111608282" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/111608282/%C4%B0lk%C3%B6%C4%9Fretim_Okullar%C4%B1nda_%C3%96%C4%9Fretim_Teknolojilerinin_Durumu_ve_S%C4%B1n%C4%B1f_%C3%96%C4%9Fretmenlerinin_Bu_Teknolojileri_Kullanma_D%C3%BCzeyleri">İlköğretim Okullarında Öğretim Teknolojilerinin Durumu ve Sınıf Öğretmenlerinin Bu Teknolojileri Kullanma Düzeyleri</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="38313695" href="https://duzce.academia.edu/abdullahad%C4%B1g%C3%BCzel">abdullah adıgüzel</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Dicle Üniversitesi Ziya Gökalp Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 2010</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"İlköğretim Okullarında Öğretim Teknolojilerinin Durumu ve Sınıf Öğretmenlerinin Bu Teknolojileri Kullanma Düzeyleri","attachmentId":109097652,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/111608282/%C4%B0lk%C3%B6%C4%9Fretim_Okullar%C4%B1nda_%C3%96%C4%9Fretim_Teknolojilerinin_Durumu_ve_S%C4%B1n%C4%B1f_%C3%96%C4%9Fretmenlerinin_Bu_Teknolojileri_Kullanma_D%C3%BCzeyleri","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/111608282/%C4%B0lk%C3%B6%C4%9Fretim_Okullar%C4%B1nda_%C3%96%C4%9Fretim_Teknolojilerinin_Durumu_ve_S%C4%B1n%C4%B1f_%C3%96%C4%9Fretmenlerinin_Bu_Teknolojileri_Kullanma_D%C3%BCzeyleri"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="10920473" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10920473/Fen_ve_Teknoloji_Dersinde_%C3%96%C4%9Fretim_Teknolojilerinin_Kullan%C4%B1m%C4%B1n%C4%B1n_%C4%B0ncelenmesi_Investigation_of_the_Using_Instructional_Technology_in_Science_and_Technology_Course">Fen ve Teknoloji Dersinde Öğretim Teknolojilerinin Kullanımının İncelenmesi / Investigation of the Using Instructional Technology in Science and Technology Course</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="26488745" href="https://kilis.academia.edu/YakupDogan">Yakup Dogan</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Fen ve Teknoloji Dersinde Öğretim Teknolojilerinin Kullanımının İncelenmesi / Investigation of the Using Instructional Technology in Science and Technology Course","attachmentId":44164137,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/10920473/Fen_ve_Teknoloji_Dersinde_%C3%96%C4%9Fretim_Teknolojilerinin_Kullan%C4%B1m%C4%B1n%C4%B1n_%C4%B0ncelenmesi_Investigation_of_the_Using_Instructional_Technology_in_Science_and_Technology_Course","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/10920473/Fen_ve_Teknoloji_Dersinde_%C3%96%C4%9Fretim_Teknolojilerinin_Kullan%C4%B1m%C4%B1n%C4%B1n_%C4%B0ncelenmesi_Investigation_of_the_Using_Instructional_Technology_in_Science_and_Technology_Course"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="75899564" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/75899564/%C3%96%C4%9Fretmen_Adaylar%C4%B1n%C4%B1n_Fen_Ve_Teknoloji_Dersinde_E%C4%9Fitim_Teknolojilerinin_Kullan%C4%B1lmas%C4%B1na_%C4%B0li%C5%9Fkin_G%C3%B6r%C3%BC%C5%9Fleri">Öğretmen Adaylarının Fen Ve Teknoloji Dersinde Eğitim Teknolojilerinin Kullanılmasına İlişkin Görüşleri</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2790373" href="https://deu.academia.edu/AliG%C3%BCnayBal%C4%B1m">Ali Günay Balım</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Kuramsal Eğitimbilim Dergisi, 2011</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Kuramsal Eğitimbilim Dergisi. Açık Dergi Sistemleri. Dergi Yardımı. Kullanıcı Kullanıcı Adı, Şifre, Beni Hatırla. Dil English. Dergi İçeriği Ara. Tümü. Göz at: ...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Öğretmen Adaylarının Fen Ve Teknoloji Dersinde Eğitim Teknolojilerinin Kullanılmasına İlişkin Görüşleri","attachmentId":83564163,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/75899564/%C3%96%C4%9Fretmen_Adaylar%C4%B1n%C4%B1n_Fen_Ve_Teknoloji_Dersinde_E%C4%9Fitim_Teknolojilerinin_Kullan%C4%B1lmas%C4%B1na_%C4%B0li%C5%9Fkin_G%C3%B6r%C3%BC%C5%9Fleri","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/75899564/%C3%96%C4%9Fretmen_Adaylar%C4%B1n%C4%B1n_Fen_Ve_Teknoloji_Dersinde_E%C4%9Fitim_Teknolojilerinin_Kullan%C4%B1lmas%C4%B1na_%C4%B0li%C5%9Fkin_G%C3%B6r%C3%BC%C5%9Fleri"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="123331084" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/123331084/Sosyal_Bilgiler_%C3%96%C4%9Fretmen_Adaylar%C4%B1n%C4%B1n_%C3%96%C4%9Fretim_Teknolojileri_Dersine_Y%C3%B6nelik_G%C3%B6r%C3%BC%C5%9Fleri">Sosyal Bilgiler Öğretmen Adaylarının Öğretim Teknolojileri Dersine Yönelik Görüşleri</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="156575768" href="https://giresun.academia.edu/ErayAlaca">Eray Alaca</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Uluslararası Türk Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Instructional technologies and materials are the primary tools that support teachers in educational environments. In-service and preservice teachers must be able to use instructional technologies, develop and evaluate new materials, and have information about them. Therefore, there should be a course in which preservice teachers studying at the faculty of education can learn and apply instructional technologies in teacher training undergraduate programs. The Council of Higher Education (CoHE) has carried out studies within this framework. The council has included courses related to instructional technologies in the education faculty teacher training undergraduate programs that were developed. The &quot;Instructional Technologies and Material Development&quot; course, which was included in the teacher training undergraduate program of the faculty of education in 1998 for the first time, was named &quot;Instructional Technologies and Material Design&quot; in the new teacher training p...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Sosyal Bilgiler Öğretmen Adaylarının Öğretim Teknolojileri Dersine Yönelik Görüşleri","attachmentId":117787660,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/123331084/Sosyal_Bilgiler_%C3%96%C4%9Fretmen_Adaylar%C4%B1n%C4%B1n_%C3%96%C4%9Fretim_Teknolojileri_Dersine_Y%C3%B6nelik_G%C3%B6r%C3%BC%C5%9Fleri","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/123331084/Sosyal_Bilgiler_%C3%96%C4%9Fretmen_Adaylar%C4%B1n%C4%B1n_%C3%96%C4%9Fretim_Teknolojileri_Dersine_Y%C3%B6nelik_G%C3%B6r%C3%BC%C5%9Fleri"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":78627138,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":78627138,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_78627138" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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