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class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Derived citation metrics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Derived_citation_metrics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-CiteScore" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#CiteScore"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>CiteScore</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-CiteScore-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-SCImago_Journal_Rank" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#SCImago_Journal_Rank"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>SCImago Journal Rank</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-SCImago_Journal_Rank-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Controversies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Controversies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " 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Available in 34 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-34" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">34 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B3" title="سكوبس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سكوبس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scopus" title="Scopus – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Scopus" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scopus" title="Scopus – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Scopus" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scopus_(base_de_dades_bibliogr%C3%A0fica)" title="Scopus (base de dades bibliogràfica) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Scopus (base de dades bibliogràfica)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scopus" title="Scopus – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Scopus" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scopus_(datab%C3%A1ze)" title="Scopus (databáze) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Scopus (databáze)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scopus_(Datenbank)" title="Scopus (Datenbank) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Scopus (Datenbank)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scopus" title="Scopus – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Scopus" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scopus" title="Scopus – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Scopus" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scopus" title="Scopus – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Scopus" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scopus" title="Scopus – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Scopus" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B3" title="اسکوپوس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اسکوپوس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scopus_(Elsevier)" title="Scopus (Elsevier) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Scopus (Elsevier)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scopus_(base_de_datos)" title="Scopus (base de datos) – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Scopus (base de datos)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%EC%BD%94%ED%8D%BC%EC%8A%A4" title="스코퍼스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="스코퍼스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scopus" title="Scopus – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Scopus" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scopus_(citatna_baza_podataka)" title="Scopus (citatna baza podataka) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Scopus (citatna baza podataka)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scopus" title="Scopus – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Scopus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scopus_(base_di_dati)" title="Scopus (base di dati) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Scopus (base di dati)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scopus" title="Scopus – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Scopus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scopus" title="Scopus – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Scopus" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scopus" title="Scopus – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Scopus" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scopus" title="Scopus – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Scopus" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scopus" title="Scopus – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Scopus" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scopus_(base_de_dados_bibliogr%C3%A1fica)" title="Scopus (base de dados bibliográfica) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Scopus (base de dados bibliográfica)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scopus" title="Scopus – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Scopus" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scopus" title="Scopus – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Scopus" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scopus" title="Scopus – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Scopus" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="இசுகோபசு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இசுகோபசு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA" title="สโกปัส – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สโกปัส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scopus" title="Scopus – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Scopus" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scopus" title="Scopus – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Scopus" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scopus" title="Scopus – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Scopus" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scopus" title="Scopus – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="Scopus" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q371467#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit 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div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Scopus</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Scopus_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Scopus_logo.svg/220px-Scopus_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Scopus_logo.svg/330px-Scopus_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Scopus_logo.svg/440px-Scopus_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="412" data-file-height="132" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Producer</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left">Elsevier (Netherlands)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">History</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left">10 November 2004<span class="noprint">; 20 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2004-11-10</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Languages</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left">40 languages</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Access</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Providers</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left"><a href="/wiki/Elsevier" title="Elsevier">Elsevier</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cost</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left">Subscription</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Coverage</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Disciplines</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Life sciences</li><li>Social sciences</li><li>Physical sciences</li><li>Health sciences</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Record depth</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left">41,462 indexed titles (2021)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Format coverage</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left">csv, BibText, ASCII, RIS</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Temporal coverage</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left">1788–present</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Geospatial coverage</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left">Worldwide</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><abbr title="Number">No.</abbr> of records</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left">82.4 million</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Update frequency</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left">daily</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Links</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scopus.com">www<wbr />.scopus<wbr />.com</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371467#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Title list(s)</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scopus.com/sources">scopus.com/sources</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Scopus</b> is a scientific <a href="/wiki/Abstract_and_citation_database" class="mw-redirect" title="Abstract and citation database">abstract and citation database</a>, launched by the academic publisher <a href="/wiki/Elsevier" title="Elsevier">Elsevier</a> as a competitor to older <a href="/wiki/Web_of_Science" title="Web of Science">Web of Science</a> in 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ensuing competition between the two databases has been characterized as "intense" and is considered to significantly benefit their users in terms of continuous improvement in coverage, search/analysis capabilities, but not in price. Free database <a href="/wiki/The_Lens" title="The Lens">The Lens</a> completes the triad of main universal academic research databases. </p><p>Journals in Scopus are reviewed for sufficient quality each year according to four numerical measures: <a href="/wiki/H-index" title="H-index"><i>h</i>-Index</a>, <a href="/wiki/CiteScore" title="CiteScore">CiteScore</a>, SJR (<a href="/wiki/SCImago_Journal_Rank" title="SCImago Journal Rank">SCImago Journal Rank</a>) and SNIP (<a href="/wiki/Source_normalized_impact_per_paper" class="mw-redirect" title="Source normalized impact per paper">source normalized impact per paper</a>). For this reason, the journals listed in Scopus are considered to meet the requirement for <a href="/wiki/Peer_review" title="Peer review">peer review</a> quality established by several <a href="/wiki/Research_grant" class="mw-redirect" title="Research grant">research grant</a> agencies for their grant recipients and by <a href="/wiki/Academic_degree" title="Academic degree">degree</a>-accreditation boards in a number of countries.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Scopus also allows patent searches from a dedicated patent database, <a href="/wiki/Lexis-Nexis" class="mw-redirect" title="Lexis-Nexis">Lexis-Nexis</a>, albeit with limited functionality.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At present, Scopus indexes the following patent databases: United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO); European Patent Office (EPO); Japan Patent Office (JPO): World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO); UK Intellectual Property Office.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scopus&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Comparing ease of use and coverage of Scopus and the <a href="/wiki/Web_of_Science" title="Web of Science">Web of Science</a> (WOS), a 2006 study concluded that Scopus is "easy to navigate, even for the novice user. ... The ability to search both forward and backward from a particular citation would be very helpful to the researcher. The multidisciplinary aspect allows the researcher to easily search outside of his discipline" and "One advantage of WOS over Scopus is the depth of coverage, with the full WOS database going back to 1945 and Scopus going back to 1966. However, Scopus and WOS complement each other as neither resource is all-inclusive."<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A small number of studies found ca. 80-90% overlap in coverage between WoS and Scopus for the period between 1990 and 2020. </p><p>In terms of the <a href="/wiki/Structured_query_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Structured query language">structured query language</a> search capabilities Scopus is somewhat more advanced than <a href="/wiki/Web_of_Science" title="Web of Science">Web of Science</a>: for example, WoS can perform only NEAR/n queries, Scopus can also do PRE/n queries.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Also, when the same article was covered in Scopus and in the <a href="/wiki/Web_of_Science" title="Web of Science">Web of Science</a> (WoS), its Scopus entry had a keyword ratio 3-5 of than its WoS counterpart, and the Scopus keywords are more focused on the specific article content, whereas WoS has more keywords related to the broad category of the article's subject. A larger number of narrow-targeted keywords allows Scopus users to find a larger number of relevant publications, while filtering out false positives. On the other hand, WoS exports (e.g. in the <a href="/wiki/RIS_(file_format)" title="RIS (file format)">ris</a> format) the <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a> numbers of cited articles, while Scopus exports the titles of cited articles. Also, Scopus allows exporting 20,000 references (e.g. as a ris file) at once, while WoS export is limited to 5,000 references at once. </p><p>Scopus provides chemical search by <a href="/wiki/CAS_number" class="mw-redirect" title="CAS number">CAS number</a> and by chemical name, while WoS does not have these features. On the other hand, WoS has chemical structure search, but only a small number of publications are actually indexed for chemical structure searches. <a href="/wiki/SciFinder" class="mw-redirect" title="SciFinder">SciFinder</a> is the preferred option for chemical searches is all cases. </p><p>Scopus also offers author profiles which cover affiliations, number of publications and their <a href="/wiki/Bibliographic" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliographic">bibliographic</a> data, <a href="/wiki/References" class="mw-redirect" title="References">references</a>, and details on the number of citations each published document has received. It has alerting features that allow registered users to track changes to a profile and a facility to calculate authors' <a href="/wiki/H-index" title="H-index"><i>h</i>-index</a>. In 2016, a gratis website, Scopus CiteScore,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was introduced. It provides citation data for all 25,000+ active titles such as journals, conference proceedings and books in Scopus and provides an alternative to the <a href="/wiki/Impact_factor" title="Impact factor">impact factor</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Journal-level_metrics" class="mw-redirect" title="Journal-level metrics">journal-level</a> indicator which may correlate negatively with reliability.<sup id="cite_ref-Brembs2018_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brembs2018-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Scopus IDs for individual authors can be integrated with the non-proprietary digital identifier <a href="/wiki/ORCID" title="ORCID">ORCID</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Scopus_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scopus-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2018, Scopus started embedding partial information about the <a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="Open access">open access</a> status of works, using <a href="/wiki/Unpaywall" class="mw-redirect" title="Unpaywall">Unpaywall</a> data.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Scopus' <a href="/wiki/RIS_(file_format)" title="RIS (file format)">ris</a> export files do not contain the information about <a href="/wiki/Open_Access" class="mw-redirect" title="Open Access">Open Access</a> status. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Content_selection_and_advisory_board">Content selection and advisory board</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scopus&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Content selection and advisory board"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since <a href="/wiki/Elsevier" title="Elsevier">Elsevier</a> is the owner of Scopus and is also one of the main international publishers of scientific journals, an independent and international Scopus Content Selection and advisory board (CSAB) was established in 2009 to prevent a potential conflict of interest in the choice of journals to be included in the database and to maintain an open and transparent content coverage policy, regardless of publisher.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The board consists of scientists and subject librarians. Nevertheless, critique over a perceived conflict of interest has continued.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>CSAB team is responsible for inclusion and exclusion of different titles on Scopus. The list of journals and books indexed in Scopus is updated 2 to 3 times per year. Each year Scopus receives around 3,500 submissions for new titles to be included and accepts approximately 25% of them.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The re-evaluation policy is based on four criteria of Publication Concern, Under Performance, Outlier Performance and Continuous curation. Between 2004 and 2020, Scopus included 46,534<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and excluded 688 titles<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 2016 and 2023, the CSAB has re-evaluated 990 titles published by 539 different publishers, leading to 536 titles discontinued for indexing.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2024 Scopus covered around 28,000 active journals and nearly 300,000 books. </p><p>Nevertheless, research continues to show the inclusion of <a href="/wiki/Predatory_journals" class="mw-redirect" title="Predatory journals">predatory journals</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While marketed as a global point of reference, Scopus and WoS have been characterised as "structurally biased against research produced in non-Western countries, non-English language research, and research from the arts, humanities, and social sciences".<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Scopus_AI">Scopus AI</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scopus&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Scopus AI"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Scopus AI, launched by Elsevier in January 2024, is a generative AI tool designed to revolutionize research by leveraging the world's largest database of curated scientific literature. This functionality aims to assist researchers and institutions in obtaining fast, accurate summaries and insights to enhance research collaboration and societal impact.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to Maxim Khan, then the VP of Analytics, Products and Data Platform at Elsevier, Scopus AI provides the following benefits: </p> <ul><li>Expanded summaries</li> <li>Foundational and Influential paper identification</li> <li>Academic Expert Search which is a form of search dedicated to identifying experts in specific fields.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Derived_citation_metrics">Derived citation metrics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scopus&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Derived citation metrics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Source_Normalized_Impact_per_Paper" class="mw-redirect" title="Source Normalized Impact per Paper">Source Normalized Impact per Paper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Field-weighted_Citation_Impact" class="mw-redirect" title="Field-weighted Citation Impact">Field-weighted Citation Impact</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Science-wide_author_databases_of_standardized_citation_indicators" title="Science-wide author databases of standardized citation indicators">Science-wide author databases of standardized citation indicators</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="CiteScore">CiteScore</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scopus&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: CiteScore"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="excerpt-block"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/CiteScore" title="CiteScore">CiteScore</a>.<span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=CiteScore&action=edit">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><div class="excerpt"> <p><a href="/wiki/CiteScore" title="CiteScore">CiteScore</a> (CS) of an <a href="/wiki/Academic_journal" title="Academic journal">academic journal</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Journal-level_metrics" class="mw-redirect" title="Journal-level metrics">measure</a> reflecting the yearly average number of <a href="/wiki/Citation" title="Citation">citations</a> to recent articles published in that journal. It is produced by <a href="/wiki/Elsevier" title="Elsevier">Elsevier</a>, based on the citations recorded in the Scopus database. Absolute <a href="/wiki/Ranking" title="Ranking">rankings</a> and <a href="/wiki/Percentile_rank" title="Percentile rank">percentile ranks</a> are also reported for each journal in a given subject area.<sup id="cite_ref-CiteScore_Scopus:_Access_and_use_Support_Center_2022_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CiteScore_Scopus:_Access_and_use_Support_Center_2022-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> This journal evaluation metric was launched in December 2016 as an alternative to the <a href="/wiki/Journal_Citation_Reports" title="Journal Citation Reports">Journal Citation Reports</a> (JCR) <a href="/wiki/Impact_factor" title="Impact factor">impact factor</a> (IF), calculated by <a href="/wiki/Clarivate" title="Clarivate">Clarivate</a>. CiteScore is based on the citations collected for articles published in the preceding four years, instead of two or five in the JCR IF. This enhanced methodology was introduced with the release of CiteScore 2019 in June 2020. At launch, CiteScore's neutrality was questioned by bibliometrics experts like <a href="/wiki/Carl_Bergstrom" title="Carl Bergstrom">Carl Bergstrom</a>, who found it appeared to favour Elsevier's titles over Nature's.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="SCImago_Journal_Rank">SCImago Journal Rank</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scopus&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: SCImago Journal Rank"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="excerpt-block"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/SCImago_Journal_Rank" title="SCImago Journal Rank">SCImago Journal Rank</a>.<span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SCImago_Journal_Rank&action=edit">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><div class="excerpt"> The <a href="/wiki/SCImago_Journal_Rank" title="SCImago Journal Rank">SCImago Journal Rank</a> (SJR) indicator is a <a href="/wiki/Citation_metric" class="mw-redirect" title="Citation metric">measure</a> of the prestige of <a href="/wiki/Academic_journal" title="Academic journal">scholarly journals</a> that accounts for both the number of <a href="/wiki/Citation" title="Citation">citations</a> received by a journal and the prestige of the journals where the citations come from.</div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversies">Controversies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scopus&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Controversies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Tone plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-Tone" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section's <b>tone or style may not reflect the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles#Tone" title="Wikipedia:Writing better articles">encyclopedic tone</a> used on Wikipedia</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> See Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles#Tone" title="Wikipedia:Writing better articles">guide to writing better articles</a> for suggestions.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>An article published by "Scholarly Criticism" in 2024 alleges that <a href="/wiki/Elsevier" title="Elsevier">Elsevier</a> unethically indexed the journal <a href="/wiki/Heliyon" title="Heliyon">Heliyon</a>, which is published by Elsevier's subsiduary, in Scopus within a few months of its launch. This indexing occurred with one citation and four published issues in 2015, which the article suggests does not align with the rules prescribed for other journals. The article further alleges that Elsevier was motivated to engage in this practice, which the article calls a "conflict of interest," in order to attract authors to publish in Heliyon, which charges an article processing charge of USD 2,100 per publication.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2024 French National Centre for Scientific Research <a href="/wiki/CNRS" class="mw-redirect" title="CNRS">CNRS</a> ended its subscription to Scopus, while maintaining for the that year its subscription to <a href="/wiki/Web_of_Science" title="Web of Science">Web of Science</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This decision was allegedly motivated by a greater use of Web of Science by CNRS's employees. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scopus&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Journalology" title="Journalology">Journalology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_academic_databases_and_search_engines" title="List of academic databases and search engines">List of academic databases and search engines</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scopus&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGoodmanDeis2005" class="citation journal cs1">Goodman, David; Deis, Louise (1 January 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/annurev/tca/2005/00000006/00000003/art00005">"Web of Science (2004 version) and Scopus"</a>. <i>The Charleston Advisor</i>. <b>6</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">5–</span>21. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230812064835/https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/annurev/tca/2005/00000006/00000003/art00005">Archived</a> from the original on 12 August 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+importance+of+high-quality+content%3A+curation+and+reevaluation+in+Scopus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elsevier.com%2F__data%2Fassets%2Fpdf_file%2F0004%2F891058%2FThe-importance-of-high-quality-content-curation-and-re-evaluation-in-Scopus.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScopus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://idea-en.cerge-ei.cz/files/IDEA_Study_2_2017_Predatory_journals_in_Scopus/mobile/index.html#p=3">"IDEA Study 2 2017 Predatory journals in Scopus"</a>. <i>idea-en.cerge-ei.cz</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210727164506/https://idea-en.cerge-ei.cz/files/IDEA_Study_2_2017_Predatory_journals_in_Scopus/mobile/index.html#p=3">Archived</a> from the original on 27 July 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Scholarly+Criticism+Articles&rft.atitle=Elsevier+Unethically+Promotes+its+Journals+via+Scopus%3A+The+Case+of+Heliyon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscholarlycritic.com%2Felsevier-unethically-promotes-its-journals-via-scopus-case-of-heliyon.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScopus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnrs.fr/en/update/cnrs-has-unsubscribed-scopus-publications-database">"The CNRS has unsubscribed from the Scopus publications database | CNRS"</a>. 11 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+CNRS+has+unsubscribed+from+the+Scopus+publications+database+%26%23124%3B+CNRS&rft.date=2024-01-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnrs.fr%2Fen%2Fupdate%2Fcnrs-has-unsubscribed-scopus-publications-database&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScopus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scopus&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/80px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a> has the properties: <ul><li><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg/4px-Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg/6px-Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="460" data-file-height="460" /></span></span> <b><i><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property_talk:P1153" class="extiw" title="d:Property talk:P1153">Scopus author ID (P1153)</a></i></b> (see <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://query.wikidata.org/embed.html#SELECT%20%3FWikidata_item_%20%3FWikidata_item_Label%20%3Fvalue%20%3FvalueLabel%20%3FEnglish_Wikipedia_article%20%23Show%20data%20in%20this%20order%0A%7B%0A%09%3FWikidata_item_%20wdt%3AP1153%20%3Fvalue%20.%20%23Collecting%20all%20items%20which%20have%20P1153%20data%2C%20from%20whole%20Wikidata%20item%20pages%0A%09OPTIONAL%20%7B%3FEnglish_Wikipedia_article%20schema%3Aabout%20%3FWikidata_item_%3B%20schema%3AisPartOf%20%3Chttps%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2F%3E%20.%7D%20%23If%20collected%20item%20has%20link%20to%20English%20Wikipedia%2C%20show%20that%0A%09SERVICE%20wikibase%3Alabel%20%7B%20bd%3AserviceParam%20wikibase%3Alanguage%20%22en%22%20%20%7D%20%23Show%20label%20in%20this%20language.%20%22en%22%20is%20English.%20%20%20%0A%7D%0ALIMIT%201000">uses</a></span>)</li><li><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg/4px-Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg/6px-Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="460" data-file-height="460" /></span></span> <b><i><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property_talk:P1154" class="extiw" title="d:Property talk:P1154">Scopus EID (P1154)</a></i></b> (see <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://query.wikidata.org/embed.html#SELECT%20%3FWikidata_item_%20%3FWikidata_item_Label%20%3Fvalue%20%3FvalueLabel%20%3FEnglish_Wikipedia_article%20%23Show%20data%20in%20this%20order%0A%7B%0A%09%3FWikidata_item_%20wdt%3AP1154%20%3Fvalue%20.%20%23Collecting%20all%20items%20which%20have%20P1154%20data%2C%20from%20whole%20Wikidata%20item%20pages%0A%09OPTIONAL%20%7B%3FEnglish_Wikipedia_article%20schema%3Aabout%20%3FWikidata_item_%3B%20schema%3AisPartOf%20%3Chttps%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2F%3E%20.%7D%20%23If%20collected%20item%20has%20link%20to%20English%20Wikipedia%2C%20show%20that%0A%09SERVICE%20wikibase%3Alabel%20%7B%20bd%3AserviceParam%20wikibase%3Alanguage%20%22en%22%20%20%7D%20%23Show%20label%20in%20this%20language.%20%22en%22%20is%20English.%20%20%20%0A%7D%0ALIMIT%201000">uses</a></span>)</li><li><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg/4px-Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg/6px-Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="460" data-file-height="460" /></span></span> <b><i><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property_talk:P1155" class="extiw" title="d:Property talk:P1155">Scopus affiliation ID (P1155)</a></i></b> (see <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://query.wikidata.org/embed.html#SELECT%20%3FWikidata_item_%20%3FWikidata_item_Label%20%3Fvalue%20%3FvalueLabel%20%3FEnglish_Wikipedia_article%20%23Show%20data%20in%20this%20order%0A%7B%0A%09%3FWikidata_item_%20wdt%3AP1155%20%3Fvalue%20.%20%23Collecting%20all%20items%20which%20have%20P1155%20data%2C%20from%20whole%20Wikidata%20item%20pages%0A%09OPTIONAL%20%7B%3FEnglish_Wikipedia_article%20schema%3Aabout%20%3FWikidata_item_%3B%20schema%3AisPartOf%20%3Chttps%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2F%3E%20.%7D%20%23If%20collected%20item%20has%20link%20to%20English%20Wikipedia%2C%20show%20that%0A%09SERVICE%20wikibase%3Alabel%20%7B%20bd%3AserviceParam%20wikibase%3Alanguage%20%22en%22%20%20%7D%20%23Show%20label%20in%20this%20language.%20%22en%22%20is%20English.%20%20%20%0A%7D%0ALIMIT%201000">uses</a></span>)</li><li><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg/4px-Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg/6px-Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_blue_dark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="460" data-file-height="460" /></span></span> <b><i><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property_talk:P1156" class="extiw" title="d:Property talk:P1156">Scopus source ID (P1156)</a></i></b> (see <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://query.wikidata.org/embed.html#SELECT%20%3FWikidata_item_%20%3FWikidata_item_Label%20%3Fvalue%20%3FvalueLabel%20%3FEnglish_Wikipedia_article%20%23Show%20data%20in%20this%20order%0A%7B%0A%09%3FWikidata_item_%20wdt%3AP1156%20%3Fvalue%20.%20%23Collecting%20all%20items%20which%20have%20P1156%20data%2C%20from%20whole%20Wikidata%20item%20pages%0A%09OPTIONAL%20%7B%3FEnglish_Wikipedia_article%20schema%3Aabout%20%3FWikidata_item_%3B%20schema%3AisPartOf%20%3Chttps%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2F%3E%20.%7D%20%23If%20collected%20item%20has%20link%20to%20English%20Wikipedia%2C%20show%20that%0A%09SERVICE%20wikibase%3Alabel%20%7B%20bd%3AserviceParam%20wikibase%3Alanguage%20%22en%22%20%20%7D%20%23Show%20label%20in%20this%20language.%20%22en%22%20is%20English.%20%20%20%0A%7D%0ALIMIT%201000">uses</a></span>)</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scopus.com/">Official 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style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academic_Press" title="Academic Press">Academic Press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butterworth-Heinemann" title="Butterworth-Heinemann">Butterworth-Heinemann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cell_Press" title="Cell Press">Cell Press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churchill_Livingstone" title="Churchill Livingstone">Churchill Livingstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masson_(publisher)" title="Masson (publisher)">Masson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medicine_Publishing" title="Medicine Publishing">Medicine Publishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgan_Kaufmann_Publishers" title="Morgan Kaufmann Publishers">Morgan Kaufmann Publishers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosby_(imprint)" title="Mosby (imprint)">Mosby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pergamon_Press" title="Pergamon Press">Pergamon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saunders_(imprint)" title="Saunders (imprint)">Saunders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Andrew_(publisher)" title="William Andrew (publisher)">William Andrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodhead_Publishing" title="Woodhead Publishing">Woodhead Publishing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Selected<br />journals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Biochimica_et_Biophysica_Acta" title="Biochimica et Biophysica Acta">Biochimica et Biophysica Acta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cell_(journal)" title="Cell (journal)">Cell</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Current_Opinion_(Elsevier)" title="Current Opinion (Elsevier)">Current Opinion</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Journal_of_Allergy_and_Clinical_Immunology" title="The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology">The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lancet" title="The Lancet">The Lancet</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tetrahedron_(journal)" title="Tetrahedron (journal)">Tetrahedron</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Trends_(journals)" title="Trends (journals)">Trends</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Elsevier_periodicals" title="List of Elsevier periodicals">List of Elsevier periodicals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bepress" title="Bepress">Bepress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ei_Compendex" title="Ei Compendex">Ei Compendex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embase" title="Embase">Embase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GEOBASE" title="GEOBASE">GEOBASE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HESI_exam" title="HESI exam">HESI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mendeley" title="Mendeley">Mendeley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reaxys" title="Reaxys">Reaxys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ScienceDirect" title="ScienceDirect">ScienceDirect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scirus" title="Scirus">Scirus</a> (defunct)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Scopus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Science_Research_Network" title="Social Science Research Network">SSRN</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/LexisNexis" title="LexisNexis">LexisNexis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legal and Professional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CaseMap" title="CaseMap">CaseMap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law360" title="Law360">Law360</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martindale-Hubbell" title="Martindale-Hubbell">Martindale-Hubbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quicklaw" title="Quicklaw">Quicklaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reed_Tech" title="Reed Tech">Reed Tech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shepard%27s_Citations" title="Shepard's Citations">Shepard's Citations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Risk</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Estates_Gazette" title="Estates Gazette">Estates Gazette</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LexisNexis_Risk_Solutions" title="LexisNexis Risk Solutions">LexisNexis Risk Solutions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Reed_Exhibitions" class="mw-redirect" title="Reed Exhibitions">RX</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Business<br />conventions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabian_Travel_Market" title="Arabian Travel Market">Arabian Travel Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equitana" title="Equitana">Equitana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Gaming_Expo" title="Global Gaming Expo">Global Gaming Expo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Book_Fair" title="London Book Fair">London Book Fair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MIPCOM" title="MIPCOM">MIPCOM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MIPTV_Media_Market" title="MIPTV Media Market">MIPTV Media Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Hardware_Show" title="National Hardware Show">National Hardware Show</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">ReedPop</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Comic_%26_Entertainment_Expo" title="Chicago Comic & Entertainment Expo">Chicago Comic & Entertainment Expo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EGX_(expo)" title="EGX (expo)">EGX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emerald_City_Comic_Con" title="Emerald City Comic Con">Emerald City Comic Con</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Supercon" title="Florida Supercon">Florida Supercon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MCM_London_Comic_Con" class="mw-redirect" title="MCM London Comic Con">MCM London Comic Con</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Comic_Con" title="New York Comic Con">New York Comic Con</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PAX_(event)" title="PAX (event)">PAX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_Celebration" title="Star Wars Celebration">Star Wars Celebration</a></li></ul> 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class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Academic_publishing208" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Academic_publishing" title="Template:Academic publishing"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Academic_publishing" title="Template talk:Academic publishing"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Academic_publishing" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Academic publishing"><abbr title="Edit this 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(books)">Chapter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treatise" title="Treatise">Treatise</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poster_session" title="Poster session">Poster session</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conference_proceedings" title="Conference proceedings">Proceedings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Citation_impact" title="Citation impact">Impact and ranking</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acknowledgment_index" title="Acknowledgment index">Acknowledgment index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altmetrics" title="Altmetrics">Altmetrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Article-level_metrics" title="Article-level metrics">Article-level metrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Author-level_metrics" title="Author-level metrics">Author-level metrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliometrics" title="Bibliometrics">Bibliometrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Composite_index_(metrics)" title="Composite index (metrics)">C-score</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journal_ranking" title="Journal ranking">Journal ranking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eigenfactor" title="Eigenfactor">Eigenfactor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G-index" title="G-index">g-index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H-index" title="H-index"><i>h</i>-index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_factor" title="Impact factor">Impact factor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rankings_of_academic_publishers" title="Rankings of academic publishers">Rankings of academic publishers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science-wide_author_databases_of_standardized_citation_indicators" title="Science-wide author databases of standardized citation indicators">Science-wide author databases of standardized citation indicators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientometrics" title="Scientometrics">Scientometrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCImago_Journal_Rank" title="SCImago Journal Rank">SCImago Journal Rank</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reform and access</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academic_journal_publishing_reform" title="Academic journal publishing reform">Academic journal publishing reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="Open access">Open access</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Open_access_citation_advantage" title="Open access citation advantage">Citation advantage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serials_crisis" title="Serials crisis">Serials crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sci-Hub" title="Sci-Hub">Sci-Hub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICanHazPDF" title="ICanHazPDF">#ICanHazPDF</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Versioning</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd 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class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imprint_(trade_name)" title="Imprint (trade name)">Imprint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_writing" title="Scientific writing">Scientific writing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peer_review" title="Peer review">Peer review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scholarly_communication" title="Scholarly communication">Scholarly communication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_literature" title="Scientific literature">Scientific literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Learned_society" title="Learned society">Learned society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_research" title="Open research">Open research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_scientific_data" title="Open scientific data">Open scientific data</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ORCID" title="ORCID">ORCID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_publishing" title="Electronic publishing">Electronic publishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingelfinger_rule" title="Ingelfinger rule">Ingelfinger rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Least_publishable_unit" title="Least publishable unit">Least publishable unit</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Publish_or_perish" title="Publish or perish">Publish or perish</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_academic_databases_and_search_engines" title="List of academic databases and search engines">Academic databases and search engines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_academic_journals" title="Lists of academic journals">Academic journals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Academic_publishing" title="Category:Academic publishing">Category:Academic publishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copyright_policies_of_academic_publishers" 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