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<li id="toc-Early_sales_figures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_sales_figures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Early sales figures</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_sales_figures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Singer_in_Scotland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Singer_in_Scotland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Singer in Scotland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Singer_in_Scotland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marketing_before_the_World_Wars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marketing_before_the_World_Wars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Marketing before the World Wars</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marketing_before_the_World_Wars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_War_II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_War_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>World War II</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_War_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-war" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-war"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Post-war</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-war-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Singer_in_Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Singer_in_Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Singer in Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Singer_in_Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diversification" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diversification"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Diversification</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diversification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Late_20th_and_early_21st_centuries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Late_20th_and_early_21st_centuries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>Late 20th and early 21st centuries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Late_20th_and_early_21st_centuries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_company_presidents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_company_presidents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>List of company presidents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_company_presidents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Popular_domestic_Singer_sewing_machines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Popular_domestic_Singer_sewing_machines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Popular domestic Singer sewing machines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Popular_domestic_Singer_sewing_machines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Singer Corporation</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 34 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-34" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">34 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%BA%D8%B1_(%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9)" title="سنغر (شركة) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سنغر (شركة)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinger_(%C5%9Firk%C9%99t)" title="Zinger (şirkət) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Zinger (şirkət)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singer" title="Singer – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Singer" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singer_Corporation" title="Singer Corporation – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Singer Corporation" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80_(%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Сингер (корпорация) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Сингер (корпорация)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singer_Corporation" title="Singer Corporation – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Singer Corporation" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singer_(firma)" title="Singer (firma) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Singer (firma)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singer_(Unternehmen)" title="Singer (Unternehmen) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Singer (Unternehmen)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singer" title="Singer – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Singer" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singer_Corporation" title="Singer Corporation – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Singer Corporation" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singer" title="Singer – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Singer" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singer_Corporation" title="Singer Corporation – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Singer Corporation" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B1" title="سینگر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سینگر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singer_(entreprise)" title="Singer (entreprise) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Singer (entreprise)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%B1%EC%96%B4_%EC%BD%94%ED%8D%BC%EB%A0%88%EC%9D%B4%EC%85%98" title="싱어 코퍼레이션 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="싱어 코퍼레이션" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singer_Corporation" title="Singer Corporation – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Singer Corporation" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singer_(azienda)" title="Singer (azienda) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Singer (azienda)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%90%D7%92%D7%99%D7%93_%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%A8" title="תאגיד סינגר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תאגיד סינגר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singer_Corporation" title="Singer Corporation – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Singer Corporation" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singer_Corporation" title="Singer Corporation – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Singer Corporation" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singer_Corporation" title="Singer Corporation – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Singer Corporation" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singer_Corporation" title="Singer Corporation – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Singer Corporation" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B7%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AC%E3%83%BC_(%E4%BC%81%E6%A5%AD)" title="シンガー (企業) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="シンガー (企業)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singer_Corporation" title="Singer Corporation – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Singer Corporation" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singer_Corporation" title="Singer Corporation – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Singer Corporation" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80_(%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Зингер (компания) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Зингер (компания)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singer_Corporation" title="Singer Corporation – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Singer Corporation" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singer_Corporation" title="Singer Corporation – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Singer Corporation" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singer_(symaskiner)" title="Singer (symaskiner) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Singer (symaskiner)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99" title="ซิงเกอร์ คอร์ปอเรชั่น – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ซิงเกอร์ คอร์ปอเรชั่น" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singer_Corporation" title="Singer Corporation – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Singer Corporation" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singer_Corporation" title="Singer Corporation – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Singer Corporation" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E1%BA%ADp_%C4%91o%C3%A0n_Singer" title="Tập đoàn Singer – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tập đoàn Singer" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8B%9D%E5%AE%B6%E8%A1%A3%E8%BB%8A" title="勝家衣車 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="勝家衣車" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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searchaux" style="display:none">American manufacturer of sewing machines</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242257876">.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-label{padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-below{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-locality,.mw-parser-output .ib-company-country{display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org" style="font-size: 125%;">Singer Corporation</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:SingerLogo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/15/SingerLogo.svg/220px-SingerLogo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/15/SingerLogo.svg/330px-SingerLogo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/15/SingerLogo.svg/440px-SingerLogo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="241" data-file-height="55" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Manufacturing" title="Manufacturing">Manufacturing</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1851<span class="noprint">; 174 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1851</span>)</span> in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founders</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Singer" title="Isaac Singer">Isaac M. Singer</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Cabot_Clark" title="Edward Cabot Clark">Edward C. Clark</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee" title="Nashville, Tennessee">Nashville, Tennessee</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Products</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sewing_machine" title="Sewing machine">Sewing machine</a> <a href="/wiki/Upholstery" title="Upholstery">Upholstery</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Owner</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/SVP_Worldwide" title="SVP Worldwide">SVP Worldwide</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.singer.com/">www<wbr />.singer<wbr />.com</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Singer_sewing_machine_table.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Singer_sewing_machine_table.jpg/220px-Singer_sewing_machine_table.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="284" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Singer_sewing_machine_table.jpg/330px-Singer_sewing_machine_table.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/79/Singer_sewing_machine_table.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="516" /></a><figcaption>A Singer <a href="/wiki/Treadle" title="Treadle">treadle</a> <a href="/wiki/Sewing_machine" title="Sewing machine">sewing machine</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Singer Corporation</b> is an American manufacturer of consumer <a href="/wiki/Sewing_machine" title="Sewing machine">sewing machines</a>, first established as <b>I. M. Singer & Co.</b> in 1851 by <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Singer" title="Isaac Singer">Isaac M. Singer</a> with New York lawyer <a href="/wiki/Edward_Cabot_Clark" title="Edward Cabot Clark">Edward C. Clark</a>. Best known for its sewing machines, it was renamed <b>Singer Manufacturing Company</b> in 1865, then the <b>Singer Company</b> in 1963. The global headquarters are based in <a href="/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee" title="Nashville, Tennessee">Nashville, Tennessee</a>. Its first large factory for <a href="/wiki/Mass_production" title="Mass production">mass production</a> was built in 1863 in <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth,_New_Jersey" title="Elizabeth, New Jersey">Elizabeth, New Jersey</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Singer_Corporation&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Singer_Sewing_Machine_1851.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Singer_Sewing_Machine_1851.jpg/220px-Singer_Sewing_Machine_1851.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Singer_Sewing_Machine_1851.jpg/330px-Singer_Sewing_Machine_1851.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Singer_Sewing_Machine_1851.jpg/440px-Singer_Sewing_Machine_1851.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="562" /></a><figcaption>A Singer 1851 <a href="/wiki/Sewing_machine" title="Sewing machine">sewing machine</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Singer's original design was the first practical sewing machine for general domestic use. It incorporated the basic eye-pointed needle and <a href="/wiki/Lockstitch" title="Lockstitch">lock stitch</a>, developed by <a href="/wiki/Elias_Howe" title="Elias Howe">Elias Howe</a>, who won a patent-infringement suit against Singer in 1854. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Singer_Sewing_Machine_Patent_Model,_No._8,294,_1851.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Singer_Sewing_Machine_Patent_Model%2C_No._8%2C294%2C_1851.jpg/220px-Singer_Sewing_Machine_Patent_Model%2C_No._8%2C294%2C_1851.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Singer_Sewing_Machine_Patent_Model%2C_No._8%2C294%2C_1851.jpg/330px-Singer_Sewing_Machine_Patent_Model%2C_No._8%2C294%2C_1851.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Singer_Sewing_Machine_Patent_Model%2C_No._8%2C294%2C_1851.jpg/440px-Singer_Sewing_Machine_Patent_Model%2C_No._8%2C294%2C_1851.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1993" /></a><figcaption>Singer's <a href="/wiki/Patent_model" title="Patent model">patent model</a> for his sewing machine</figcaption></figure> <p>Singer obtained <span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US8294">patent no. 8294</a></span> in August 1851 for an improved sewing machine that included a circular feed wheel, thread controller, and power transmitted by gear wheels and shafting.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Singer consolidated enough patents in the field to enable him to engage in mass production, and by 1860 his company was the largest manufacturer of sewing machines in the world. </p><p>In 1885 Singer built a new works at <a href="/wiki/Kilbowie" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilbowie">Kilbowie</a> (designed by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Ewan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Ewan (page does not exist)">Robert Ewan</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) which produced its first "<a href="/wiki/Vibrating_shuttle" title="Vibrating shuttle">vibrating shuttle</a>" sewing machine, an improvement over contemporary <a href="/w/index.php?title=Transverse_shuttle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transverse shuttle (page does not exist)">transverse shuttle</a> designs (see <a href="/wiki/Bobbin_driver" title="Bobbin driver">bobbin drivers</a>). The Singer company began to market its machines internationally in 1855 and won first prize at the <a href="/wiki/Exposition_Universelle_(1855)" title="Exposition Universelle (1855)">Paris World's Fair</a> that year. The company demonstrated the first workable electric sewing machine in 1910. Singer was also a marketing innovator and a pioneer in promoting the use of installment payment plans. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_sales_figures">Early sales figures</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Singer_Corporation&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early sales figures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <td style="width: 6em">1853 </td> <td style="width: 6em">1859 </td> <td style="width: 6em">1867 </td> <td style="width: 6em">1871 </td> <td style="width: 6em">1873 </td> <td style="width: 6em">1876 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Units </th> <td>810 </td> <td>10,953 </td> <td>43,053 </td> <td>181,260 </td> <td>232,444 </td> <td>262,316 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="7">Source:<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Singer-logo_old.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c9/Singer-logo_old.png/70px-Singer-logo_old.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c9/Singer-logo_old.png/105px-Singer-logo_old.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c9/Singer-logo_old.png/140px-Singer-logo_old.png 2x" data-file-width="262" data-file-height="360" /></a><figcaption>Old Singer logo</figcaption></figure> <p>By 1876, Singer was claiming cumulative sales of two million sewing machines and had put the two millionth machine on display in Philadelphia.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Singer_in_Scotland">Singer in Scotland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Singer_Corporation&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Singer in Scotland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:People_leaving_Singer_Sewing_Machine_Factory,_Clydebank.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/People_leaving_Singer_Sewing_Machine_Factory%2C_Clydebank.jpg/220px-People_leaving_Singer_Sewing_Machine_Factory%2C_Clydebank.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/People_leaving_Singer_Sewing_Machine_Factory%2C_Clydebank.jpg/330px-People_leaving_Singer_Sewing_Machine_Factory%2C_Clydebank.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/People_leaving_Singer_Sewing_Machine_Factory%2C_Clydebank.jpg/440px-People_leaving_Singer_Sewing_Machine_Factory%2C_Clydebank.jpg 2x" data-file-width="757" data-file-height="469" /></a><figcaption>Workers leaving Singer sewing machine factory on Clydebank</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1867, the Singer Company decided that the demand for their sewing machines in the United Kingdom was sufficiently high to open a local factory in <a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a> on John Street. The Vice President of Singer, George Ross McKenzie selected Glasgow because of its iron making industries, cheap labour, and shipping capabilities.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Demand for sewing machines outstripped production at the new plant and by 1873, a new larger factory was completed on James Street, <a href="/wiki/Bridgeton,_Glasgow" title="Bridgeton, Glasgow">Bridgeton</a>. By that point, Singer employed over 2,000 people in Scotland, but they still could not produce enough machines. </p><p>In 1882, McKenzie, by then President-elect of the Singer Manufacturing Company, undertook the ground breaking ceremony on 46 acres (19 ha) of farmland at Kilbowie, <a href="/wiki/Clydebank" title="Clydebank">Clydebank</a>. Originally, two main buildings were constructed, each 800-foot (240 m) long, 50-foot (15 m) wide and three storeys high. These were connected by three wings. Built above the middle wing was a 200-foot (61 m) tall clock tower with the "Singer" name clearly displayed for all to see for miles around. A total of 2.75 miles (4.43 km) of railway lines were laid throughout the factory to connect the different departments such as the boiler room, foundry, shipping and the lines to main railway stations. <a href="/wiki/Sir_Robert_McAlpine" title="Sir Robert McAlpine">Sir Robert McAlpine</a> was the building contractor and the factory was designed to be fire proof with water sprinklers, making it the most modern factory in Europe at that time.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With nearly a million square feet of space and almost 7,000 employees, it was possible to produce on average 13,000 machines a week, making it the largest sewing machine factory in the world. The Clydebank factory was so productive that in 1905, the U.S. Singer Company set up and registered the Singer Manufacturing Company Ltd. in the United Kingdom. Demand continued to exceed production, so each building was extended upwards to 6 storeys high. A <a href="/wiki/Singer_railway_station" title="Singer railway station">railway station</a> with the company name was established in 1907 with connections to adjoining towns and central Glasgow to assist in transporting the workforce to the facility. Increased productivity came from 'scientific management' techniques which increased workloads whilst keeping salary overheads low, and in 1911, a mass walk out of 10,000 workers, the '<a href="/wiki/Red_Clydeside#1911_strike_at_Singer" title="Red Clydeside">Singer Strike</a>',<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> took place in support of twelve women polishers, who had seen three staff dismissed, but the workload remained the same with no extra pay.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was significant in its recognition of the rights of women workers<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and '<a href="/wiki/Collective_bargaining" title="Collective bargaining">collective bargaining</a>' and predated the labour movement known as '<a href="/wiki/Red_Clydeside" title="Red Clydeside">Red Clydeside</a>'.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A centenary film was made by the BBC about the female workers who stood up to the American management.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>, sewing machine production gave way to munitions. The Singer Clydebank factory received over 5000 government contracts, and made 303 million artillery shells, shell components, fuses, and aeroplane parts, as well as grenades, rifle parts, and 361,000 horseshoes. Its labour force of 14,000 was about 70% female at war's end.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From its opening in 1884 until 1943, the Kilbowie factory produced approximately 36,000,000 sewing machines. Singer was the world leader and sold more machines than all the other makers added together. In 1913, the factory shipped 1.3 million machines. The late 1950s and 1960s saw a period of significant change at the Clydebank factory. In 1958, Singer reduced production at their main American plant and transferred 40% of this production to the Clydebank factory in a bid to reduce costs. Between 1961 and 1964, the Clydebank factory underwent a £4 million modernisation programme which saw the Clydebank factory cease the production of cast iron machines and focus on the production of aluminium machines for western markets. As part of this modernisation programme, the famous Singer Clock was demolished in 1963. At the height of its productiveness in the mid-1960s, Singer employed over 16,000 workers but by the end of that decade, compulsory redundancies were taking place and 10 years later the workforce was down to 5,000. Financial problems and lack of orders forced the world's largest sewing machine factory to close in June 1980, bringing to an end over 100 years of sewing machine production in Scotland. The complex of buildings was demolished in 1998.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An archive about the factory, the strike and the history of its business in Scotland, is regarded as a recognised collection of national significance by Museums Galleries Scotland.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Singersign.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/2c/Singersign.JPG/220px-Singersign.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="354" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/2c/Singersign.JPG/330px-Singersign.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/2c/Singersign.JPG/440px-Singersign.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1432" data-file-height="2301" /></a><figcaption>Painted Singer Sewing sign in Kingston, New York</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Singer-P1010053.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Singer-P1010053.jpg/220px-Singer-P1010053.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Singer-P1010053.jpg/330px-Singer-P1010053.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Singer-P1010053.jpg/440px-Singer-P1010053.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2094" data-file-height="2119" /></a><figcaption>A Singer model 15 <a href="/wiki/Sewing_machine" title="Sewing machine">sewing machine</a> with electric retrofit</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marketing_before_the_World_Wars">Marketing before the World Wars</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Singer_Corporation&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Marketing before the World Wars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Paolo_Monti_-_Servizio_fotografico_-_BEIC_6346702.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Paolo_Monti_-_Servizio_fotografico_-_BEIC_6346702.jpg/220px-Paolo_Monti_-_Servizio_fotografico_-_BEIC_6346702.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Paolo_Monti_-_Servizio_fotografico_-_BEIC_6346702.jpg/330px-Paolo_Monti_-_Servizio_fotografico_-_BEIC_6346702.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Paolo_Monti_-_Servizio_fotografico_-_BEIC_6346702.jpg/440px-Paolo_Monti_-_Servizio_fotografico_-_BEIC_6346702.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1013" /></a><figcaption>Advertising photograph by <a href="/wiki/Paolo_Monti" title="Paolo Monti">Paolo Monti</a>, Milan 1963. The machine is a model 191.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Singer sewing machine was the first complex standardised technology to be mass marketed. It was not the first sewing machine, and its patent in 1851 led to a patent battle with Elias Howe, inventor of the <a href="/wiki/Lockstitch" title="Lockstitch">lockstitch</a> machine. This eventually resulted in a patent sharing accord among the major firms.<sup id="cite_ref-Joan_Perkin_2002_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Joan_Perkin_2002-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Marketing strategies included focusing on the manufacturing industry,<sup id="cite_ref-Godley_2006_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Godley_2006-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> gender identity,<sup id="cite_ref-Coffin_1994_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coffin_1994-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> credit plans,<sup id="cite_ref-Coffin_1994_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coffin_1994-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and "hire purchases."<sup id="cite_ref-Joan_Perkin_2002_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Joan_Perkin_2002-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Singer's marketing emphasized the role of women and their relationship to the home, evoking ideals of virtue, modesty, and diligence.<sup id="cite_ref-Coffin_1994_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coffin_1994-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though the sewing machine represented liberation from arduous hand sewing, it chiefly benefited those sewing for their families and themselves. Tradespeople relying on sewing as a livelihood still suffered from poor wages, which dropped further in response to the time savings gained by machine sewing.<sup id="cite_ref-Joan_Perkin_2002_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Joan_Perkin_2002-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Singer offered credit purchases and rent-to-own arrangements, allowing people to rent a machine with the rental payments applied to the eventual purchase of the machine,<sup id="cite_ref-Joan_Perkin_2002_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Joan_Perkin_2002-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and sold globally through the use of direct-sales door-to-door canvassers to demonstrate and sell the machines.<sup id="cite_ref-Godley_2006_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Godley_2006-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_War_II">World War II</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Singer_Corporation&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: World War II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, the company suspended sewing machine production to take on government contracts for weapons manufacturing. Factories in the United States supplied the American forces with <a href="/wiki/Norden_bomb_sight" class="mw-redirect" title="Norden bomb sight">Norden bomb sights</a> and <a href="/wiki/M1_Carbine" class="mw-redirect" title="M1 Carbine">M1 Carbine</a> rifle receivers, while factories in Germany provided their armed forces with weapons.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1939, the company was given a production study by the government to draw plans and develop standard raw material sizes for building <a href="/wiki/M1911_pistol" title="M1911 pistol">M1911A1 pistols</a>. The following April 17, Singer was given an educational order of 500 units with serial numbers S800001 – S800500. The educational order was a programme set up by the Ordnance Board in the U.S. to teach companies without gun-making experience to manufacture weapons. </p><p>Singer delivered 500 units to the U.S. government. Although Singer was unable to produce 100 guns a day, which the government contract required, the War Department was impressed with the quality of their pistols and asked the company to produce navigation and targeting equipment components.<sup id="cite_ref-popmech_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-popmech-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The pistol tooling and manufacturing machines were transferred to <a href="/wiki/Remington_Rand" title="Remington Rand">Remington Rand</a> whilst some went to the <a href="/wiki/Ithaca_Gun_Company" title="Ithaca Gun Company">Ithaca Gun Company</a>. Approximately 1.75 million 1911A1 pistols were produced during World War II, making original Singer pistols relatively rare and collectable.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2017, one sold at auction for $414,000.<sup id="cite_ref-popmech_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-popmech-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 1940, Singer won a contract to produce the M5 Antiaircraft Director, a version of the UK-designed <a href="/wiki/Kerrison_Predictor" title="Kerrison Predictor">Kerrison Predictor</a>. The <a href="/wiki/US_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="US Army">US Army</a> had previously adopted the <a href="/w/index.php?title=M7_Computing_Sight&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="M7 Computing Sight (page does not exist)">M7 Computing Sight</a> for their <a href="/wiki/37_mm_gun_M1" title="37 mm gun M1">37 mm gun M1</a> anti-aircraft guns, but the gun proved temperamental and <a href="/wiki/Sperry_Corporation" title="Sperry Corporation">Sperry Corporation</a> was too busy producing other systems to build the required number of M7's. After testing in September 1940, the Army accepted the Kerrison as the M5, and later, the <a href="/wiki/Bofors_40_mm_Automatic_Gun_L/60" class="mw-redirect" title="Bofors 40 mm Automatic Gun L/60">Bofors 40 mm gun</a> in place of the M1.<sup id="cite_ref-Mindell1995_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mindell1995-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-war">Post-war</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Singer_Corporation&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Post-war"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Singer resumed developing sewing machines in 1946.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They introduced one of their most popular, highest-quality and fully-optioned machines in 1957, the 401 Slant-o-Matic.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the late 1960s and early 1970s, Singer sponsored rock and roll concerts to help advertise a variety of products including a line of Singer record players. The 1971 concert series was broadcast by WPLJ New York from the A&R Recording Studios and included the Paul Butterfield Blues Band, Seatrain, Procol Harum, Incredible String Band, Mother Earth, and Delaney & Bonnie and Friends.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1968, Singer sponsored "Singer Presents ... Elvis", commonly referred to as the '68 Comeback Special. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Singer_in_Asia">Singer in Asia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Singer_Corporation&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Singer in Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While Singer commenced operations in Sri Lanka as branch of Singer Sewing Machine Company, USA in 1877 <sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the diversification and expansion in Asia started in 1957 when Singer introduced home appliances to complement its sewing machine sales in Asian markets. <sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1963, Singer Industries (Ceylon) PLC was incorporated for the assembly of sewing machines and the manufacture of cabinets and stands. Singer Sri Lanka became a public company in 1974 and was listed on the Colombo Stock Exchange in 1981. The company commenced refrigerator manufacturing in 1988 at Regnis (Lanka) PLC and sponsored world series cricket in 1994. The first Singer Mega store opened in 1998, and the company launched its pioneering e-commerce website in 2001, a first for a consumer durable company in Sri Lanka. </p><p>Singer Finance was incorporated in 2004 and began accepting public deposits in 2005, followed by the introduction of new financial services in 2008. In 2010, Singer implemented an online real-time ERP system and incorporated Regnis Appliances (Private) Limited to manufacture home appliances. The Singer Finance IPO in 2011 was oversubscribed over 100 times, and the company launched the Life Style Exhibition, the largest consumer durable exhibition. In 2012, Singer created a dedicated channel for smartphone sales under Singer Digital Media, and in 2013, its subsidiary Regnis began manufacturing refrigerators using environmentally friendly R600a gas, among the first in South Asia to do so. </p><p>The company celebrated the opening of its 400th retail store in 2014 and made history in 2015 when Singer Finance launched Sri Lanka's first VISA credit cards issued by a non-banking financial institution. In 2016, Singer underwent a group restructure, acquiring Regnis and Singer Industries from Singer Asia. The company was acquired by Hayleys PLC in 2017, marking a new chapter in its history. Subsequent milestones included changing the financial year in 2018, relocating the head office to Colombo in 2019, and relaunching its website and introducing the Singer Care App in 2020. In 2022, Singer redefined its brand proposition and visual identity, reaffirming its position as a leader in innovation and customer engagement. </p><p>Currently Singer is the market leader in Sri Lanka’s consumer durables industry, with an unmatched reach of over 5.7 million customers and a penetration of nearly 30% of the country’s population. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Diversification">Diversification</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Singer_Corporation&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Diversification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Early_20th-century_Singer_sewing_machine_in_Malta.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Early_20th-century_Singer_sewing_machine_in_Malta.png/220px-Early_20th-century_Singer_sewing_machine_in_Malta.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Early_20th-century_Singer_sewing_machine_in_Malta.png/330px-Early_20th-century_Singer_sewing_machine_in_Malta.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Early_20th-century_Singer_sewing_machine_in_Malta.png/440px-Early_20th-century_Singer_sewing_machine_in_Malta.png 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Singer in <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In the 1960s, the company diversified, acquiring the <a href="/wiki/Friden,_Inc." title="Friden, Inc.">Friden</a> <a href="/wiki/Calculator" title="Calculator">calculator</a> company in 1965 and <a href="/wiki/General_Precision_Equipment_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="General Precision Equipment Corporation">General Precision Equipment Corporation</a> in 1968. GPE included <a href="/wiki/Librascope" title="Librascope">Librascope</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kearfott" class="mw-redirect" title="Kearfott">The Kearfott Company, Inc</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Link_Trainer" title="Link Trainer">Link Flight Simulation</a>. In 1968 also, Singer bought out GPS Systems and added it to the Link Simulations Systems Division (LSSD). This unit produced nuclear power plant control room simulators in Silver Spring, Maryland: Tech Road building for Boiling Water Reactor (BWR), Parkway building for Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) and later moved to Broken Land Parkway in <a href="/wiki/Columbia,_Maryland" title="Columbia, Maryland">Columbia, Maryland</a> while flight simulators were produced in <a href="/wiki/Binghamton,_New_York" title="Binghamton, New York">Binghamton, New York</a>. </p><p>Friden became <i>Singer Business Machines</i> which produced the <a href="/wiki/Singer_System_10" class="mw-redirect" title="Singer System 10">Singer System 10</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In January 1976, Singer announced its withdrawal from the data processing market,<sup id="cite_ref-computerworld19761227_singer_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-computerworld19761227_singer-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> offering the division to other companies.<sup id="cite_ref-computerworld19760126_singer_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-computerworld19760126_singer-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 1976, <a href="/wiki/TRW_Inc." title="TRW Inc.">TRW Inc.</a> and Singer announced an agreement whereby TRW would assume "managerial responsibilities" for Singer's System 10 and point-of-sale products, perceived as a way for TRW to expand its market presence.<sup id="cite_ref-computerworld19760322_trw_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-computerworld19760322_trw-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Maintenance and customer support for Singer's products were transferred to TRW, accompanied by a pledge for TRW to continue manufacturing at Singer's Cogar facility in Utica, New York.<sup id="cite_ref-computerworld19760524_trw_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-computerworld19760524_trw-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Concurrently with these arrangements, <a href="/wiki/International_Computers_Limited" title="International Computers Limited">ICL</a> assumed the corresponding "management responsibilities" to Singer's international operations and acquired the rights to products marketed internationally, including the System 10.<sup id="cite_ref-computerworld19760329_icl_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-computerworld19760329_icl-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ICL would later acquire the Cogar subsidiary and its manufacturing facility, continuing to manufacture the System 10 for its own customers.<sup id="cite_ref-electronics19770120_icl_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-electronics19770120_icl-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite Singer's original announcement, its international operations continued to win orders and show signs of profitability.<sup id="cite_ref-computerworld19760202_bitter_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-computerworld19760202_bitter-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-computerworld19760202_brazil_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-computerworld19760202_brazil-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As some existing Singer customers contemplated legal action against the company for failing to fulfil its obligations,<sup id="cite_ref-datamation197702_singer_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-datamation197702_singer-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ICL sought to expand its US presence, attracting new business for both its own products as well as those acquired from Singer.<sup id="cite_ref-datamation197702_icl_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-datamation197702_icl-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 1971 Singer was also producing portable/home audio/visual equipment as evidenced by the Singer-branded record and cassette tape players and film-strip viewers that can be found on e.g., eBay. In order to support this venture, Singer sponsored concerts such as the 1971 A&R Studio concerts on WPLJ-New York mentioned above. </p><p>For several years in the 1970s, Singer set up a national sales force for <a href="/wiki/CAT_(phototypesetter)" title="CAT (phototypesetter)">CAT phototypesetting machines</a> (of <a href="/wiki/UNIX" class="mw-redirect" title="UNIX">UNIX</a> <a href="/wiki/Troff" title="Troff">troff</a> fame) made by another Massachusetts company, Graphic Systems Inc.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This division was purchased by <a href="/wiki/Wang_Laboratories" title="Wang Laboratories">Wang Laboratories</a> in 1978. </p><p>In 1987, corporate raider <a href="/wiki/Paul_Bilzerian" title="Paul Bilzerian">Paul Bilzerian</a> made a "<a href="/wiki/Greenmail" title="Greenmail">greenmail</a>" run at Singer, and ended up owning the company when no "<a href="/wiki/White_knight_(business)" title="White knight (business)">White Knight</a>" rescuer appeared. To recover his money, Bilzerian sold off parts of the company. Kearfott was split, the <a href="/wiki/Kearfott_Guidance_%26_Navigation_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Kearfott Guidance & Navigation Corporation">Kearfott Guidance & Navigation Corporation</a> was sold to the <a href="/wiki/Astronautics_Corporation_of_America" title="Astronautics Corporation of America">Astronautics Corporation of America</a> in 1988 and the Electronic Systems Division was purchased by the <a href="/wiki/Plessey" title="Plessey">Plessey Company</a> in 1988 and renamed Plessey Electronic Systems (and then acquired by <a href="/wiki/GEC-Marconi" class="mw-redirect" title="GEC-Marconi">GEC-Marconi</a> in 1990, renamed GEC-<a href="/wiki/Marconi_Electronic_Systems" title="Marconi Electronic Systems">Marconi Electronic Systems</a>, and later incorporated into <a href="/wiki/BAE_Systems" title="BAE Systems">BAE Systems</a>). The four Link divisions developing and supporting industrial and flight simulation were sold to Canadian Avionics Electronics (<a href="/wiki/CAE_Inc." title="CAE Inc.">CAE</a>) and became CAE-Link. The nuclear power simulator division became S3 Technologies, and later GSE Systems, and relocated to Eldersburg, MD. The Sewing Machine Division was sold in 1989 to <a href="/wiki/International_Semi_Tech_Microsystems" class="mw-redirect" title="International Semi Tech Microsystems">Semi-Tech Microelectronics</a>, a publicly traded Toronto-based company.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sales and profits grew until the 1940s. The market was affected in several ways. The US market matured after WWII. European and Japanese manufacturers ate into the market with zig-zag sewing machines. Under the leadership of Donald P. Kircher, Singer diversified into markets such as office equipment, defense, and aerospace. While 90% of Singer's revenue was from sewing machines before diversification, this was reduced to 35% after the change.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Late_20th_and_early_21st_centuries">Late 20th and early 21st centuries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Singer_Corporation&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Late 20th and early 21st centuries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Singer_N%C3%A4hmaschine_in_Osttimor_2017-04-22.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Singer_N%C3%A4hmaschine_in_Osttimor_2017-04-22.jpg/210px-Singer_N%C3%A4hmaschine_in_Osttimor_2017-04-22.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Singer_N%C3%A4hmaschine_in_Osttimor_2017-04-22.jpg/315px-Singer_N%C3%A4hmaschine_in_Osttimor_2017-04-22.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Singer_N%C3%A4hmaschine_in_Osttimor_2017-04-22.jpg/420px-Singer_N%C3%A4hmaschine_in_Osttimor_2017-04-22.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="636" /></a><figcaption>Woman with Singer sewing machine in <a href="/wiki/East_Timor" class="mw-redirect" title="East Timor">East Timor</a> (2017)</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1978 Singer moved its HQ from Rockefeller Plaza to Stamford, Connecticut. 430 jobs were moved to the new location.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the 1980s Singer sewing machine markets were being hit with Japanese machines and European brands including <a href="/wiki/Bernina_International" title="Bernina International">Bernina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pfaff" title="Pfaff">Pfaff</a>, and <a href="/wiki/VSM_Group" title="VSM Group">Viking</a>. In 1986 Singer purchased Dalmo Victor for $174m from <a href="/wiki/Textron" title="Textron">Textron</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It would subsequently be resold in 1989 for $175m in cash to <a href="/wiki/General_Instrument" title="General Instrument">General Instrument</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WP-sale-business-units_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WP-sale-business-units-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The original Singer company announced in July 1986 that it would be spinning off its sewing machine business under the name SSMC Ltd.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1989 Semi-Tech Global purchased SSMC along with the rights to the Singer name, allowing for the renaming of SSMC back to Singer.<sup id="cite_ref-Forbes-Wrecking_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forbes-Wrecking-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result the former Singer Corporation was renamed to Bicoastal Corporation.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Semi-Tech Global incorporated Singer (former SSMC Ltd.) into Singer N.V. based in Netherlands Antilles owned by the Hong Kong holding company. </p><p>Singer N.V. filed bankruptcy in 1999<sup id="cite_ref-Forbes-Wrecking_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forbes-Wrecking-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was acquired by <a href="/wiki/Kohlberg_%26_Company" title="Kohlberg & Company">Kohlberg & Company</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nashvillepost.com_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nashvillepost.com-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1997, Singer (Singer N.V.) US operations moved its consumer products to LaVergne, Tennessee. This location also served its wholesale distribution of sewing machines and parts.<sup id="cite_ref-nashvillepost.com_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nashvillepost.com-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2006 The parent company of Singer – Kohlberg & Company, acquired <a href="/wiki/VSM_Group" title="VSM Group">Husqvarna</a> and Pfaff brands. This merged the three brands into the current company the <a href="/wiki/SVP_Worldwide" title="SVP Worldwide">SVP Group</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its main competitors are <a href="/wiki/Tacony_Corporation" title="Tacony Corporation">Baby Lock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bernina_International" title="Bernina International">Bernina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brother_Industries" title="Brother Industries">Brother</a>, <a href="/wiki/Janome" title="Janome">Janome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Juki" title="Juki">Juki</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aisin_Seiki" class="mw-redirect" title="Aisin Seiki">Aisin Seiki</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Historic_American_Buildings_Survey,_September_1967,_VIEW_FROM_WEST._-_Singer_Tower,_149_Broadway,_New_York,_New_York_County,_NY_HABS_NY,31-NEYO,71-4.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Historic_American_Buildings_Survey%2C_September_1967%2C_VIEW_FROM_WEST._-_Singer_Tower%2C_149_Broadway%2C_New_York%2C_New_York_County%2C_NY_HABS_NY%2C31-NEYO%2C71-4.tif/lossy-page1-220px-Historic_American_Buildings_Survey%2C_September_1967%2C_VIEW_FROM_WEST._-_Singer_Tower%2C_149_Broadway%2C_New_York%2C_New_York_County%2C_NY_HABS_NY%2C31-NEYO%2C71-4.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="306" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Historic_American_Buildings_Survey%2C_September_1967%2C_VIEW_FROM_WEST._-_Singer_Tower%2C_149_Broadway%2C_New_York%2C_New_York_County%2C_NY_HABS_NY%2C31-NEYO%2C71-4.tif/lossy-page1-330px-Historic_American_Buildings_Survey%2C_September_1967%2C_VIEW_FROM_WEST._-_Singer_Tower%2C_149_Broadway%2C_New_York%2C_New_York_County%2C_NY_HABS_NY%2C31-NEYO%2C71-4.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Historic_American_Buildings_Survey%2C_September_1967%2C_VIEW_FROM_WEST._-_Singer_Tower%2C_149_Broadway%2C_New_York%2C_New_York_County%2C_NY_HABS_NY%2C31-NEYO%2C71-4.tif/lossy-page1-440px-Historic_American_Buildings_Survey%2C_September_1967%2C_VIEW_FROM_WEST._-_Singer_Tower%2C_149_Broadway%2C_New_York%2C_New_York_County%2C_NY_HABS_NY%2C31-NEYO%2C71-4.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3595" data-file-height="5000" /></a><figcaption>The tower of the former <a href="/wiki/Singer_Building" title="Singer Building">Singer Building</a> in Manhattan, the tallest in the world at the time of its construction</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Singer_House_SPB_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Singer_House_SPB_01.jpg/220px-Singer_House_SPB_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Singer_House_SPB_01.jpg/330px-Singer_House_SPB_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Singer_House_SPB_01.jpg/440px-Singer_House_SPB_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3700" data-file-height="2450" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Singer_House" title="Singer House">Singer House</a> in <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a>, Russia</figcaption></figure> <p>Singer was heavily involved in Manhattan real estate in the 1800s through <a href="/wiki/Edward_Cabot_Clark" title="Edward Cabot Clark">Edward C. Clark</a>, a founder of the company. Clark had built <a href="/wiki/The_Dakota" title="The Dakota">The Dakota</a> apartments and other Manhattan buildings in the 1880s. In 1900, the Singer company retained <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Flagg" title="Ernest Flagg">Ernest Flagg</a> to build a 12-story loft building at Broadway and Prince Street in Lower Manhattan. The building is now considered architecturally notable, and it has been restored.<sup id="cite_ref-Gray-97_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gray-97-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 47-story <a href="/wiki/Singer_Building" title="Singer Building">Singer Building</a>, completed in 1908, was also designed by Flagg, who designed two landmark residences for Bourne. Constructed during Bourne's tenure, the Singer Building (demolished in 1968 for the <a href="/wiki/One_Liberty_Plaza" title="One Liberty Plaza">One Liberty Plaza</a> development) was then the <a href="/wiki/Tallest_building_in_the_world" class="mw-redirect" title="Tallest building in the world">tallest building in the world</a> and was the tallest building to be intentionally demolished until the Twin Towers of the <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Center_(1973%E2%80%932001)" title="World Trade Center (1973–2001)">World Trade Center</a> were destroyed in the <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At their <a href="/wiki/Clydebank" title="Clydebank">Clydebank</a> factory, Singer built a 200 feet (61 m) clock tower, which stood over the central wing and had the reputation of being the largest four-faced clock in the world. Each face weighed five tons, and it took four men fifteen minutes twice a week to keep it wound.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tower was demolished in 1963, and the factory itself was closed in 1980. <a href="/wiki/Singer_railway_station" title="Singer railway station">Singer railway station</a>, built to serve the factory, is only one of two railway stations in the UK named after a factory, and is still in operation today. </p><p>The famous <a href="/wiki/Singer_House" title="Singer House">Singer House</a>, designed by architect <a href="/wiki/Pavel_Suzor" title="Pavel Suzor">Pavel Suzor</a>, was built in 1902–1904 at <a href="/wiki/Nevsky_Prospekt" class="mw-redirect" title="Nevsky Prospekt">Nevsky Prospekt</a> in <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a> as headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russian</a> branch of the company. This <a href="/wiki/Modern_style" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern style">modern style</a> building (situated just opposite the <a href="/wiki/Kazan_Cathedral,_St._Petersburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Kazan Cathedral, St. Petersburg">Kazan Cathedral</a>) is officially recognised as an object of Russian historical-cultural heritage. </p><p>In 2017, they launched their new Singer Sewing Assistant App.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> In 2018, a large factory fire destroyed a Singer distribution office and warehouse in <a href="/wiki/Seven_Hills,_New_South_Wales" title="Seven Hills, New South Wales">Seven Hills</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a>. Singer had manufactured sewing machines in Australia at a purpose-built plant in the western Sydney suburb of <a href="/wiki/Penrith,_New_South_Wales" title="Penrith, New South Wales">Penrith</a>, from 1959 until 1967.</p><div style="clear:left;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_company_presidents">List of company presidents</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Singer_Corporation&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: List of company presidents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Singer" title="Isaac Singer">Isaac M. Singer</a> (1851–1863)</li> <li>Inslee Hopper (1863–1875)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Cabot_Clark" title="Edward Cabot Clark">Edward C. Clark</a> (1875–1882)</li> <li>George Ross McKenzie (1882–1889)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Gilbert_Bourne" title="Frederick Gilbert Bourne">Frederick Gilbert Bourne</a> (1889–1905)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Douglas_Alexander,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Douglas Alexander, 1st Baronet">Sir Douglas Alexander</a> (1905–1949)</li> <li>Milton C. Lightner (1949–1958)</li> <li>Donald P. Kircher (1958–1975)</li> <li>Joseph Bernard Flavin (1975–1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Bilzerian" title="Paul Bilzerian">Paul Bilzerian</a> (1987–1989)<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Iftikhar Ahmed (1989–1997)<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Stephen H. Goodman (1998–2004)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Popular_domestic_Singer_sewing_machines">Popular domestic Singer sewing machines</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Singer_Corporation&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Popular domestic Singer sewing machines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Singer12k.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A Singer model 12K fiddle-bed from 1878"><img alt="A Singer model 12K fiddle-bed from 1878" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Singer12k.jpg/120px-Singer12k.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Singer12k.jpg/180px-Singer12k.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Singer12k.jpg/240px-Singer12k.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1530" data-file-height="947" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A Singer model 12K fiddle-bed from 1878</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Singer66.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="A Singer model 66 with Lotus decals from 1922"><img alt="A Singer model 66 with Lotus decals from 1922" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Singer66.JPG/120px-Singer66.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Singer66.JPG/180px-Singer66.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Singer66.JPG/240px-Singer66.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A Singer model 66 with Lotus decals from 1922</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Singer99b.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A Singer model 99 from 1939"><img alt="A Singer model 99 from 1939" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Singer99b.jpg/116px-Singer99b.jpg" decoding="async" width="116" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Singer99b.jpg/174px-Singer99b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Singer99b.jpg/232px-Singer99b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1149" data-file-height="1186" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A Singer model 99 from 1939</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Singer222k.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A Singer Featherweight model 222k from 1954"><img alt="A Singer Featherweight model 222k from 1954" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Singer222k.jpg/120px-Singer222k.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Singer222k.jpg/180px-Singer222k.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Singer222k.jpg/240px-Singer222k.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A <a href="/wiki/Singer_Featherweight" title="Singer Featherweight">Singer Featherweight</a> model 222k from 1954</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Casa_Mas%C3%B3_inv._526.2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A Singer model 15. This was one of Singer's longest-running production models."><img alt="A Singer model 15. This was one of Singer's longest-running production models." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Casa_Mas%C3%B3_inv._526.2.jpg/120px-Casa_Mas%C3%B3_inv._526.2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Casa_Mas%C3%B3_inv._526.2.jpg/180px-Casa_Mas%C3%B3_inv._526.2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Casa_Mas%C3%B3_inv._526.2.jpg/240px-Casa_Mas%C3%B3_inv._526.2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A Singer model 15. This was one of Singer's longest-running production models.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Singer_Corporation&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_sewing_machine" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the sewing machine">History of the sewing machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sewing_machine_brands" title="List of sewing machine brands">List of sewing machine brands</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Singer_Corporation&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCunningham2004" class="citation book cs1">Cunningham, John T. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OyL6JatN5KwC&q=Island+of+Hope%2C+Island+of+Tears"><i>Ellis Island: Immigration's Shining Center</i></a>. Arcadia Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7385-2428-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7385-2428-3"><bdi>978-0-7385-2428-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ellis+Island%3A+Immigration%27s+Shining+Center&rft.pub=Arcadia+Publishing&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-7385-2428-3&rft.aulast=Cunningham&rft.aufirst=John+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOyL6JatN5KwC%26q%3DIsland%2Bof%2BHope%252C%2BIsland%2Bof%2BTears&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinger+Corporation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100328220834/http://www.machine-history.com/THE%20SEWING%20MACHINE">"Sewing machine history"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.machine-history.com/THE%20SEWING%20MACHINE">the original</a> on March 28, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sewing+machine+history&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.machine-history.com%2FTHE%2520SEWING%2520MACHINE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinger+Corporation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dictionary of Scottish Architects: Robert Ewan</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100328220834/http://www.machine-history.com/THE%20SEWING%20MACHINE">"Sewing Machines"</a>. Machine-History.Com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.machine-history.com/THE%20SEWING%20MACHINE">the original</a> on March 28, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 3,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sewing+Machines&rft.pub=Machine-History.Com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.machine-history.com%2FTHE%2520SEWING%2520MACHINE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinger+Corporation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digital.tcl.sc.edu/cdm/ref/collection/sclpam/id/711"><i>Fort Moultrie Centennial, Part II</i></a>. Charleston: Walker, Evans & Cogswell. 1876. p. 29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 22,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fort+Moultrie+Centennial%2C+Part+II&rft.place=Charleston&rft.pages=29&rft.pub=Walker%2C+Evans+%26+Cogswell&rft.date=1876&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdigital.tcl.sc.edu%2Fcdm%2Fref%2Fcollection%2Fsclpam%2Fid%2F711&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinger+Corporation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHounshell1984" class="citation book cs1">Hounshell, David (1984). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fromamericansyst0000houn"><i>From the American System to Mass Production, 1800–1932: The Development of Manufacturing Technology in the United States</i></a></span>. Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fromamericansyst0000houn/page/93">93</a>–94. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0801831584" title="Special:BookSources/978-0801831584"><bdi>978-0801831584</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+the+American+System+to+Mass+Production%2C+1800%E2%80%931932%3A+The+Development+of+Manufacturing+Technology+in+the+United+States&rft.place=Baltimore+and+London&rft.pages=93-94&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-0801831584&rft.aulast=Hounshell&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffromamericansyst0000houn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinger+Corporation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160508151434/http://www.sir-robert-mcalpine.com/files/page/200/SRMBrochure2010_web1.pdf">"A portrait of achievement"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Sir Robert McAlpine. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sir-robert-mcalpine.com/files/page/200/SRMBrochure2010_web1.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on May 8, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 24,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+portrait+of+achievement&rft.pub=Sir+Robert+McAlpine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sir-robert-mcalpine.com%2Ffiles%2Fpage%2F200%2FSRMBrochure2010_web1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinger+Corporation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gdl.cdlr.strath.ac.uk/redclyde/redclyeve01.htm">"Red Clydeside: The Singer strike 1911"</a>. <i>gdl.cdlr.strath.ac.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 10,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=gdl.cdlr.strath.ac.uk&rft.atitle=Red+Clydeside%3A+The+Singer+strike+1911&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgdl.cdlr.strath.ac.uk%2Fredclyde%2Fredclyeve01.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinger+Corporation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marxists.org/archive/maclean/1911/04/singers-strike.htm">"The Strike at Singer's by John Maclean 1911"</a>. <i>marxists.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 10,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=marxists.org&rft.atitle=The+Strike+at+Singer%27s+by+John+Maclean+1911&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.marxists.org%2Farchive%2Fmaclean%2F1911%2F04%2Fsingers-strike.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinger+Corporation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.open.edu/openlearn/society-politics-law/society-politics-law/the-contribution-women-the-singer-factory-strike-1911">"The contribution of women in the Singer factory strike of 1911"</a>. <i>The contribution of women in the Singer factory strike of 1911</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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March 22, 1976. p. 35<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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February 2, 1976. p. 31<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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February 1977. p. 15<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Haagens.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Old+Phototypesetter+Tales&rft.pub=Haagens.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhaagens.com%2Foldtype.tpl.html%232G&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinger+Corporation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMillerCliffordZegel2002" class="citation magazine cs1">Miller, Matthew; Clifford, Mark L.; Zegel, Susan (August 5, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020806103233/http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/02_31/b3794153.htm">"Dishonored Dealmaker"</a>. <i>Bloomberg Businessweek</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 25,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg+Businessweek&rft.atitle=Dishonored+Dealmaker&rft.date=2002-08-05&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft.au=Clifford%2C+Mark+L.&rft.au=Zegel%2C+Susan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessweek.com%2Fmagazine%2Fcontent%2F02_31%2Fb3794153.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinger+Corporation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>International directory of company histories. Vol. 30 / ed. Jay P. Pederson</i>. 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Times (February 4, 1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-02-04-fi-4251-story.html">"Textron sold its Dalmo Victor division to Singer"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Textron+sold+its+Dalmo+Victor+division+to+Singer.&rft.date=1986-02-04&rft.aulast=Archives&rft.aufirst=L.+A.+Times&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1986-02-04-fi-4251-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinger+Corporation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.upi.com/Archives/1988/07/19/General-Instrument-Corp-annnounced-Tuesday-it-has-agreed-to/1125585288000/">"General Instrument Corp. annnounced [sic] Tuesday it has agreed to... - UPI Archives"</a>. <i>UPI</i>. 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June 15, 2004.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Singer+sewing+company+to+be+sold+to+Kohlberg&rft.date=2004-06-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nashvillepost.com%2Fhome%2Farticle%2F20448916%2Fsinger-sewing-company-to-be-sold-to-kohlberg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinger+Corporation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201127192151/https://singersa.com/svp-group/">"SVP Group | SingerSA"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.singersa.com/svp-group">the original</a> on November 27, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 1,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Style+Standard+for+Early+Steel-Framed+Skyscraper&rft.pages=7&rft.date=1997-06-29&rft.aulast=Gray&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1997%2F06%2F29%2Frealestate%2Fstyle-standard-for-early-steel-framed-skyscraper.html%3Fscp%3D896%26sq%3Dcorning%26st%3Dnyt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinger+Corporation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nyc-architecture.com/?p=1497">"New York Architecture Images – Home"</a>. <i>nyc-architecture.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nyc-architecture.com&rft.atitle=New+York+Architecture+Images+%E2%80%93+Home&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnyc-architecture.com%2F%3Fp%3D1497&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinger+Corporation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.west-dunbarton.gov.uk/leisure-parks-events/museums-and-galleries/collections/singer/">"Singer Clydebank history on West Dunbarton Council website"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Singer+Clydebank+history+on+West+Dunbarton+Council+website&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.west-dunbarton.gov.uk%2Fleisure-parks-events%2Fmuseums-and-galleries%2Fcollections%2Fsinger%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinger+Corporation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.singer.com/software/app">"SINGER Sewing Assistant App for iPhone & Android | Singer.com"</a>. <i>singer.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 1,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time+Magazine&rft.atitle=A+Raider%27s+Days+of+Reckoning&rft.date=1989-07-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjcgi.pathfinder.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C958093%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinger+Corporation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaniel_HilkenAlbert_Wong2005" class="citation news cs1">Daniel Hilken & Albert Wong (July 1, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bestsewingmachinereviewspot.com/singer-semi-techs-ting-jailed-six-years/">"Semi-Tech's Ting jailed six years"</a>. <i>The Standard (Hong Kong)</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 15,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Standard+%28Hong+Kong%29&rft.atitle=Semi-Tech%27s+Ting+jailed+six+years&rft.date=2005-07-01&rft.au=Daniel+Hilken&rft.au=Albert+Wong&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbestsewingmachinereviewspot.com%2Fsinger-semi-techs-ting-jailed-six-years%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASinger+Corporation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Singer_Corporation&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Brandon, Ruth. <i>A Capitalist Romance: Singer and the Sewing Machine</i> (Lippincott, 1977).</li> <li>Davies, Robert Bruce. <i>Peacefully Working to Conquer the World: Singer Sewing Machines in Foreign Markets, 1854–1920</i> (Arno Press, 1976).</li> <li>Godley, Andrew. "The Global Diffusion of the Sewing Machine, 1850–1914". <i>Research in Economic History</i> 20#1 (2001): 1–46.</li> <li>Godley, Andrew. "Selling the Sewing Machine Around the World: Singer's International Marketing Strategies, 1850–1920", <i>Enterprise & Society</i> (2006) 7#2 pp. 266–314.</li> <li>Godley, Andrew. "Singer in Britain: the diffusion of sewing machine technology and its impact on the <a href="/wiki/Clothing_industry" title="Clothing industry">clothing industry</a> in the United Kingdom, 1860–1905". <i>Textile History</i> 27.1 (1996): 59–76.</li> <li>Jack, Andrew B. "The channels of distribution for an innovation: The sewing-machine industry in America, 1860–1865". <i>Explorations in Economic History</i> 9.3 (1957): 113.</li> <li>Weber, Nicholas Fox. <i>The Clarks of Cooperstown: Their Singer Sewing Machine Fortune, Their Great and Influential Art Collections, Their Forty-year Feud</i> (Alfred A. Knopf, 2007).</li> <li>Wickramasinghe, Nira. "Following the Singer Sewing Machine: Fashioning a Market in a British Crown Colony," in <i>Metallic Modern: Everyday Machines in Colonial Sri Lanka</i>. (Berghahn Books, 2014) pp. 16–40. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt9qd0gq.6">j.ctt9qd0gq.6</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Singer_Corporation&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <wbr /><i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Singer_Corporation" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Singer Corporation">Singer Corporation</a></b></i> and <wbr /><i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Singer_sewing_machines" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Singer sewing machines">Singer sewing machines</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.singer.com">Official website</a></span></span></li> <li>Singer Direct <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.singermachines.co.uk/faq/singer-sewing-machine-company-history.html">Singer history timeline</a></li> <li>Singer in WWII <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090717001750/http://home.roadrunner.com/~featherweight/wwii.htm">Singer's contribution to the war effort</a></li> <li>Singer sewing machine <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101231074244/http://www.singerco.com/support/serial_numbers.html">serial numbers and dates</a></li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sil.si.edu/DigitalCollections/Trade-Literature/Sewing-Machines">Sewing Machines, Historical Trade Literature</a></i> Smithsonian Institution Libraries</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archives.newberry.org/repositories/2/resources/247">Singer Manufacturing company records</a> at <a href="/wiki/Newberry_Library" title="Newberry Library">Newberry Library</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://findingaids.hagley.org/xtf/view?docId=ead/2207.xml">Singer Company records</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200610203941/https://findingaids.hagley.org/xtf/view?docId=ead%2F2207.xml">Archived</a> June 10, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (1851–1990) at <a href="/wiki/Hagley_Museum_and_Library" title="Hagley Museum and Library">Hagley Museum and Library</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://findingaids.hagley.org/xtf/view?docId=ead/2526.xml">Singer Manufacturing Company Records</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181117233602/https://findingaids.hagley.org/xtf/view?docId=ead%2F2526.xml">Archived</a> November 17, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (1860–1878) at <a href="/wiki/Hagley_Museum_and_Library" title="Hagley Museum and Library">Hagley Museum and Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heritage_Documentation_Programs#Historic_American_Engineering_Record" title="Heritage Documentation Programs">Historic American Engineering Record</a> (HAER) No. NJ-51, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://loc.gov/pictures/item/nj0983/">Singer Manufacturing Company, 321 First Street, Elizabeth, Union County, NJ</a>"</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Sewing741" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sewing" title="Template:Sewing"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sewing" title="Template talk:Sewing"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sewing" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sewing"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sewing741" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sewing" title="Sewing">Sewing</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Techniques</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tack_(sewing)" title="Tack (sewing)">Basting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cut_(clothing)" title="Cut (clothing)">Cut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darning" title="Darning">Darning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ease_(sewing)" title="Ease (sewing)">Ease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embellishment" title="Embellishment">Embellishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fabric_tube_turning" title="Fabric tube turning">Fabric tube turning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floating_canvas" title="Floating canvas">Floating canvas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gather_(sewing)" title="Gather (sewing)">Gather</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godet_(sewing)" title="Godet (sewing)">Godet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gore_(fabrics)" title="Gore (fabrics)">Gore (fabrics)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gusset" title="Gusset">Gusset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heirloom_sewing" title="Heirloom sewing">Heirloom sewing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleat" title="Pleat">Pleat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirring" title="Shirring">Shirring</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Stitch_(textile_arts)" title="Stitch (textile arts)">Stitches</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_sewing_stitches" title="List of sewing stitches">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Backstitch" title="Backstitch">Backstitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bar_tack" title="Bar tack">Bar tack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanket_stitch" title="Blanket stitch">Blanket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blind_stitch" title="Blind stitch">Blind stitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buttonhole_stitch" title="Buttonhole stitch">Buttonhole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross_stitches" title="Cross stitches">Catch stitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chain_stitch" title="Chain stitch">Chain stitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coverstitch" title="Coverstitch">Coverstitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-stitch" title="Cross-stitch">Cross-stitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embroidery_stitch" title="Embroidery stitch">Embroidery stitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemstitch" title="Hemstitch">Hemstitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockstitch" title="Lockstitch">Lockstitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overlock" title="Overlock">Overlock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pad_stitch" title="Pad stitch">Pad stitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pick_stitch" title="Pick stitch">Pick stitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rantering" title="Rantering">Rantering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Running_stitch" class="mw-redirect" title="Running stitch">Running</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sashiko" title="Sashiko">Sashiko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoating" title="Stoating">Stoating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tack_(sewing)" title="Tack (sewing)">Tack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topstitch" title="Topstitch">Topstitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zigzag_stitch" title="Zigzag stitch">Zigzag</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Seam_(sewing)" title="Seam (sewing)">Seams</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neckline" title="Neckline">Neckline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felled_seam" title="Felled seam">Felled seam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seam_allowance" title="Seam allowance">Seam allowance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Style_line" title="Style line">Style line</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Notions_(sewing)" title="Notions (sewing)">Notions</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Trim_(sewing)" title="Trim (sewing)">Trim</a></li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bias_tape" title="Bias tape">Bias tape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collar_stay" title="Collar stay">Collar stay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elastic_(notion)" title="Elastic (notion)">Elastic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galloon" title="Galloon">Galloon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grommet" title="Grommet">Grommet/eyelet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interfacing" title="Interfacing">Interfacing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passementerie" title="Passementerie">Passementerie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piping_(sewing)" title="Piping (sewing)">Piping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruffle_(sewing)" title="Ruffle (sewing)">Ruffle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rickrack" title="Rickrack">Rickrack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-fabric" title="Self-fabric">Self-fabric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soutache" title="Soutache">Soutache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twill_tape" title="Twill tape">Twill tape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrights_(textile_manufacturers)" title="Wrights (textile manufacturers)">Wrights</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Closures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buckle" title="Buckle">Buckle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Button" title="Button">Button</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buttonhole" title="Buttonhole">Buttonhole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frog_(fastening)" title="Frog (fastening)">Frog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hook-and-eye_closure" title="Hook-and-eye closure">Hook-and-eye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hook-and-loop_fastener" title="Hook-and-loop fastener">Hook-and-loop fastener</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shank_(sewing)" title="Shank (sewing)">Shank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snap_fastener" title="Snap fastener">Snap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zipper" title="Zipper">Zipper</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Materials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grain_(textile)" title="Grain (textile)">Grain/bias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selvage" title="Selvage">Selvage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textile" title="Textile">Textile/fabric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thread_(yarn)" title="Thread (yarn)">Thread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yarn" title="Yarn">Yarn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bobbin" title="Bobbin">Bobbin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dress_form" title="Dress form">Dress form</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Needlecase" title="Needlecase">Needlecase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Needle_threader" title="Needle threader">Needle threader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pattern_notcher" title="Pattern notcher">Pattern notcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pin" title="Pin">Pin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pincushion" title="Pincushion">Pincushion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinking_shears" title="Pinking shears">Pinking shears</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scissors" title="Scissors">Scissors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seam_ripper" title="Seam ripper">Seam ripper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewing_gauge" title="Sewing gauge">Sewing gauge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewing_needle" title="Sewing needle">Sewing needle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stitching_awl" title="Stitching awl">Stitching awl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tailor%27s_ham" title="Tailor's ham">Tailor's ham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tape_measure" title="Tape measure">Tape measure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thimble" title="Thimble">Thimble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tracing_paper" title="Tracing paper">Tracing paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tracing_wheel" title="Tracing wheel">Tracing wheel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sewing_occupations" title="List of sewing occupations">Trades</a></li><li>Suppliers</li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cloth_merchant" title="Cloth merchant">Cloth merchant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Draper" title="Draper">Draper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dressmaker" title="Dressmaker">Dressmaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haberdasher" title="Haberdasher">Haberdasher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercery" title="Mercery">Mercer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silkwoman" title="Silkwoman">Silkwoman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tailor" title="Tailor">Tailor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manufacturers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pattern_(sewing)" title="Pattern (sewing)">Patterns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Butterick_Publishing_Company" title="Butterick Publishing Company">Butterick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burda_Style" title="Burda Style">Burda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clothkits" title="Clothkits">Clothkits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McCall%27s" title="McCall's">McCall's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simplicity_Pattern" title="Simplicity Pattern">Simplicity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sewing_machines" class="mw-redirect" title="Sewing machines">Machines</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_sewing_machine_brands" title="List of sewing machine brands">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barth%C3%A9lemy_Thimonnier" title="Barthélemy Thimonnier">Barthélemy Thimonnier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernina_International" title="Bernina International">Bernina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brother_Industries" title="Brother Industries">Brother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elias_Howe" title="Elias Howe">Elias Howe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elna_(Swiss_company)" title="Elna (Swiss company)">Elna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feiyue_Group" title="Feiyue Group">Feiyue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frister_%26_Rossmann" title="Frister & Rossmann">Frister & Rossmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janome" title="Janome">Janome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jones_Sewing_Machine_Company" title="Jones Sewing Machine Company">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juki" title="Juki">Juki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merrow_Sewing_Machine_Company" title="Merrow Sewing Machine Company">Merrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_L._Grout" title="William L. Grout">New Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pfaff" title="Pfaff">Pfaff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewmor" title="Sewmor">Sewmor</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Singer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tape_edge_machine" title="Tape edge machine">Tape edge machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VSM_Group" title="VSM Group">Viking/Husqvarna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Sewing_Machine_Company" title="White Sewing Machine Company">White</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Sewing" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Sewing">Sewing</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emojione_1F458.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Emojione_1F458.svg/16px-Emojione_1F458.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Emojione_1F458.svg/24px-Emojione_1F458.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Emojione_1F458.svg/32px-Emojione_1F458.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Clothing" title="Portal:Clothing">Clothing portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_sewing_terms" title="Glossary of sewing terms">Glossary of terms</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1330508#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1707" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1330508#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1707" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1330508#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000107754049">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/129465954">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/24023-0">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80070266">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Singer Company"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ko2008480062&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Singer Sewing Machine Company"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=kn20050520029&CON_LNG=ENG">2</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Singer Manufacturing Company"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ko2008480061&CON_LNG=ENG">3</a></span></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.moma.org/artists/10593">Museum of Modern Art</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6rg8wsk">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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