CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9134e0056df34655',cH: 'tSld8cUc_p79SOvlDoey.Jt.g1ioprMgNKKfaZ41QNc-1739785846-1.2.1.1-NJ4G2FEgBSpoG9dU_qyGfqMFCEcLjxhKukH6UqbBZIa4NeTbjGa_nc4aiaBVL0KZ',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=best%20and%20worst%20optimal%20solutions&__cf_chl_tk=qBW4fgvzFy53iwRb5NyawFhf__QLB1Ib0xl4nmcJU1g-1739785846-1.0.1.1-Q_xUPCW95cGFCbt.mTn1iKKyTIHKM4lsyNXgvredOXU",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739785846',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=best%20and%20worst%20optimal%20solutions&__cf_chl_f_tk=qBW4fgvzFy53iwRb5NyawFhf__QLB1Ib0xl4nmcJU1g-1739785846-1.0.1.1-Q_xUPCW95cGFCbt.mTn1iKKyTIHKM4lsyNXgvredOXU",md: "IT2paie5uOTLG2U9R.8LgW0NZj_A2UvRM9h_SByS2y4-1739785846-1.2.1.1-qt2f72pXCbOzBf.yy5Pg5.fWIGhPFIesP7pZBFASrEB2EqiuwXt1k9igQ0f5GXu.8aKoImJ0KfL4eW1xxzRBpKoLk7.T.zJJCsjibZ_kgCFwpRtzN7f6Z7X4_Mg4e9fin0f6DhE6AmLizYWztvGPCd5yVksYI3tG.s9VL7_nBo8NBtf57NvDB9mTQ97QL21VTG2gHv3j62GsdicWO.ifFl6W7XqTwbab0eDCmAICI6K2H0SiGf5c3bmZLk4.aedYDwyDQSoFymkoaZVT8uaf4exY6Ih7XqaGSTZEw1JIGmjMH_zEzTOIInEzPnQKtdDRO2X.AKmV3J_8C0JQvT7BSitdcpumBGdya8HtmVZlyoddtRuTwqkO7oxdvWP4gcRo5XdsXcWF6xKl4EJAD.usp49olpZrV33UI7A..hs6ggK1UKv2aqlrVe6zdg.3SmLW6RPgqIRgr4oh6wcaG1a8NNiP2a_1gfO6V5OsSbTWZWonwXGE8SI4fQUNZ6SyXDuwCaxwQQc34Kl87ogNVieIUsnFOY8C9XOLjMbRzMySsEm_k_ebkKBH4PrzHKhm6aM37C6D.DHRy_6tOp_vPkBtHA7hevppTPlVeMQIwTnr57.3SYPTEkEK3re4doYTHtmpauE_tBSgScxKFY9Fd04MdWIEuqfIOg.crZtMb.Kt7ElNVfNaPdDR0uKROOAMUe9GdsEyADmxiJ_lEXoa0LIvtJgSR6PO6YLSyktJpe9McE.xlYLGTrU9oXzJnox_xXUKwDlys74T3DA_OxTjgHpOWFJeAB74OipCNGyAZ9DajZr1ad.fPsyAq4bNa0AQKx5jgHJsLkJpYIrXbf1mDythKnrW1V0wPfULA93UumWM9p1wf__XdA9LuxQNmzLv3dcbeKuNQVcsLNY_U1PTyPnyJB7DJ.COKYPUzFFIapLLV0R5gJ2KvflFCEbs9wCov0wxITKEsv31yu_w2KOWGNYblN6.fpyWeHsk_HAfaBJKCcCFffKDWI2yt0PgKxj3KRpgFZhzCs7G3W8eJhfOZAQ70YEg6.7n.uGrzfFK9.Y4FJhP0IGh6EGPwiRnEfQB2RN_4YXCsC0O6mCvam3.Ec3a50n7UBYVTcKETJUe5Gg4nc.D2arvz0r_UlNwZkUOMylJske3DFFhcZdczIRXZEmIeBEIfp6BfFtuOC39hrxCJ168UGQXBXIvCDqg_95MwYAyltE.Irm5ZtbKjQCSgYZg4s4k0a0GCeyI7RPqbvgYg36TST3HgBeeEtlEtaKOYoIB6YRlLCmKwXfnmgNY9cMqszijQQfD0UIPbixVOk.IvKYChSBrrI7TZYDKaV8bcY63syg7qJdbyI7ckvrNdgxNatfXadEPOpVCAkJ0ABDRSH4.MWP6zQ03WfqA9N_PvmmsTyYA7Bzpuiqe2QtmJ7PFpy964.H9JGAdipEfzv.JLc2EqdM2c0zyOnT5.hYewXrIeHOBQ9ZU7CJlFWfIfWGS5wrHChdxec1LQZz3bV..aLvaUsr6TRA79qpu1n_OJrlUtgVknoec1Q1uaTPntGW3Pt1LZ_5fVTFfmmBzhY1SLlpbcn50EhV6DrqZvcWvblw2O4_ZkE7HTVZLcEGpfj1uqB8oCZ79eYFlSAzWeZOKjg8fMSG29Zk5q7EHY4lvYiQEBBkqLkiZQzZ4BjdF8y8j69Lm4_MQpAgyoHHi_cEvnJtVDqTVZXWwJQOk7pWzSlRduUJf1y4vzqU_Y12xuUcypGC3yLCiw_60PiQbi2AUqlIHrnkQpXQq86AVfAQ.CAO17PzfA2QHdV4LgD0fx6KvqlTh9MIdqou6pmCzhjPtgJXvOocid0yWoE_.rCPDkJOODQlEUIIbYbcxSZ8Cf1ftLeYkUmrVhvEGn8Zry2UD_tw6BNW76lqo8hwBtGVIiSTdu1DF5FnPOw0mRMzlXFAllF5nUrYWNR1rKFDxfSWsITQvShuhE3azALH8P5esDVlEPP4HhmMUaQxOSWjgFZstd6QSA.8AdYJEnRw5Dfy6K2k",mdrd: "ANgGN_bQNP4pGzlOXkLqexfRfEsL8kCh66JKZuQ.sUo-1739785846-1.2.1.1-isk1OrJvEuib4FI1mmET1NT_o6jGRHV2x_X79JLAY2GBbY6HvIF63gFx7n7rRrTEIE_9ycM7gGXqVKPSC6xbWyqXsnNKxXtDxhvlPJVDaobxTocBgKDxpzHgB9Z6xbNK5zuk6oa5taxwrVRjsL_kFkG4ROkN9BG91E4w50iKx2_S2ZKv8QFhmoPeJqp16y_StAPH32oeO.yn8H9EK5uZUmJdKoiUjEMjnZFL9602NtXvC0HEMh6MjqCAI0mDFo4t_XbonjZ7csJJW8q1ljeEivlyzd33H_yBhpOTPAYnNoJ_sDsVtnBStkbJwpmO0AR1kw5WDFz.m7uE8mOr1eECsg9JNw0rlTJTvruvD0oi8_NXqDyuUqULbc.5a8hNhGOLGtSOBvFnPdiiZwqks3gUcPJA9KbjhxVSjSUTw64h2PEJf1OMaAhBUHxn_b5anl0fa_O1c4ImXVuvY_rG_QG2tyRbwWBCO.x6QGlyseT4MVSsSSmchRBS2iDf8NQOwLnjllC1DsjEXJWnh64Yrq.wXmRFUklh.lGiGyGC.o9_sDSLoEtkaa7_iHnqlU1JtX2U6P01RBSqDEjyfITBxKfRfIRlgWKKJyi3CMFQR.QwEY6rHZZvyPaW4Wa5pTiL2VALOTe9zCpPqgbArCqDWBtGlvnoWv6Cp4u8eVccmkamwGlGAjOzg4JEQuURLKUD18VCmbwnPhlvv_PS_R5Zm_BbeISsUlRtRm8MMCnU9lQUAkzTBDWyYjY88lvvTqwLIpVxiThPxArBH4IGg3HjKk47EjnFuCASfou7MapE0waeScBum7zjyGBgSNthRuH0D_jGbc00wvReQWBiSdlbF9VtBoxGhEL_of7X1dwDNiysYfhmctJKKtesgMU7CnKq3dTTRESK7V_slm8zDWsOTkgpDkII3StQyudeUFDjKGORwnXqBjklRj.l6sK6OW2PQ2JZRy8prfOB8_Uc10TeiXFM7oWBV7AdxhwBuEWTBSmXQH6fIq_EHjmkpRtq.x95pSn9SeG_wBIxQNj9NHZI9SA4G0S6UcODjXuZFmzSff1CWCigCkJvgw70vsIcTYhX9uuNSUHUiRz_5AXy19Vi7t1Trjq8MkCT4QEfOcB5E4OF21.LnWDpMRRg2MDZlhkwbv_efgpY.qY5h_J4jTI1p_b709vLg8QCLAPmIdTN_eFXnUeq69jbhh4SFNIEItqzQsDaYDO8XeTMhOtiN2YQK5iKTPLKi.ExNrhfbNgw.6OLO2EK9V5CdJl2Wk6vfoJ4uJUcTNmi7LU2RHqGgWoeoGHeRTq81U3rk81J2i7GPC4eei8BdCl410GqsbXYNx.UUkJqfcVpWZM85t_L.x9tNWdQiRLdBy8IAPuFjGloRiz6rVAOTVb9Ffk7rFrjZ8Cn3tTsp_gczYTl2ev9K7_Jd97c5pcdlQ96JoLxqYpOU1ttpqe1uDG_prIi6oSEKPuDesB_LLESc0jiSoWBm_f1oihaifa76L_faxthAMYzc9xm5QtMT.UifJLylj0tnlmKQzNwgXHA53WLsxZ8c76hJ9VaBmmC.cVtfY7MinVhpvUfjYLDZvqggJZs.8yFS.28lmTVYuLfFGa09nx7HOZ7Vc1hvpqxlRXheH7k1PeWRDgzUcZKgKKIrB5b7mXiVpHOj5HEvZQ9JF7wxIDzVPoD1nupL.FFhtlZz54C9n1wMBgmEWhea8_jpY7J6Q.es1IJfvZXeQgHHqMkEIwOvkR7fu1rL0TYp4ywenB87tSZsw1oPbxUwY75xvCqw3OgH4ZyEehmsUwx50D.9t2jOqATnwX1X2l.q_YD38B3UO_h.0bS9Inwa57xZgTDDrrSYwgz.b1qTle58.B38MLnuQGr2ExK64zqn4ujlF0RZemZNYPT6fNn9ytRo1XdC1BW__jjwzFtkhnqg4XrAWUBnCiCnKCCWoQehkNtw5UVUW7tDzKOiavNqgsNIQgfNbohUCVRqxtR"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9134e0056df34655';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=best%20and%20worst%20optimal%20solutions&__cf_chl_rt_tk=qBW4fgvzFy53iwRb5NyawFhf__QLB1Ib0xl4nmcJU1g-1739785846-1.0.1.1-Q_xUPCW95cGFCbt.mTn1iKKyTIHKM4lsyNXgvredOXU" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>