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Available in 29 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-29" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">29 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%A7_%D8%AF%D9%8A_%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%8A" title="ترينيتا دي مونتي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ترينيتا دي مونتي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%96-%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%96" title="Трыніта-дэі-Монці – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Трыніта-дэі-Монці" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinit%C3%A0_dei_Monti" title="Trinità dei Monti – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Trinità dei Monti" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinit%C3%A0_dei_Monti" title="Trinità dei Monti – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Trinità dei Monti" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santissima_Trinit%C3%A0_dei_Monti" title="Santissima Trinità dei Monti – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Santissima Trinità dei Monti" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%AC_%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%8A_%CE%9C%CF%8C%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9" title="Τρινιτά ντεϊ Μόντι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τρινιτά ντεϊ Μόντι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinit%C3%A0_dei_Monti" title="Trinità dei Monti – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Trinità dei Monti" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinit%C3%A0_dei_Monti" title="Trinità dei Monti – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Trinità dei Monti" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinit%C3%A0_dei_Monti" title="Trinità dei Monti – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Trinità dei Monti" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89glise_et_couvent_de_la_Trinit%C3%A9-des-Monts" title="Église et couvent de la Trinité-des-Monts – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Église et couvent de la Trinité-des-Monts" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinit%C3%A0_dei_Monti" title="Trinità dei Monti – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Trinità dei Monti" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8A%B8%EB%A6%AC%EB%8B%88%ED%83%80_%EB%8D%B0%EC%9D%B4_%EB%AA%AC%ED%8B%B0_%EC%84%B1%EB%8B%B9" title="트리니타 데이 몬티 성당 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="트리니타 데이 몬티 성당" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%A1_%D5%A4%D5%A5%D5%B5_%D5%84%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%BF%D5%AB" title="Տրինիտա դեյ Մոնտի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Տրինիտա դեյ Մոնտի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinit%C3%A0_dei_Monti" title="Trinità dei Monti – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Trinità dei Monti" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiesa_della_Trinit%C3%A0_dei_Monti" title="Chiesa della Trinità dei Monti – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Chiesa della Trinità dei Monti" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecclesia_Trinitatis_Montium" title="Ecclesia Trinitatis Montium – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ecclesia Trinitatis Montium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinit%C3%A0_dei_Monti" title="Trinità dei Monti – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Trinità dei Monti" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinit%C3%A0_dei_Monti" title="Trinità dei Monti – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Trinità dei Monti" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C5%9Bci%C3%B3%C5%82_Trinit%C3%A0_dei_Monti" title="Kościół Trinità dei Monti – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kościół Trinità dei Monti" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igreja_da_Sant%C3%ADssima_Trindade_dos_Montes" title="Igreja da Santíssima Trindade dos Montes – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Igreja da Santíssima Trindade dos Montes" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0-%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Сантиссима-Тринита-дей-Монти – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сантиссима-Тринита-дей-Монти" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinit%C3%A0_dei_Monti" title="Trinità dei Monti – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Trinità dei Monti" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinit%C3%A0_dei_Monti" title="Trinità dei Monti – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Trinità dei Monti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santissima_Trinit%C3%A0_dei_Monti" title="Santissima Trinità dei Monti – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Santissima Trinità dei Monti" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinit%C3%A0_dei_Monti" title="Trinità dei Monti – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Trinità dei Monti" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinit%C3%A0_dei_Monti" title="Trinità dei Monti – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Trinità dei Monti" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%96" title="Триніта-дей-Монті – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Триніта-дей-Монті" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7_%D8%AF%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="ترینیتا دئی مونتی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ترینیتا دئی مونتی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%8A%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E8%81%96%E4%B8%89%E5%A0%82" title="山上天主聖三堂 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="山上天主聖三堂" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1229008#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Trinit%C3%A0_dei_Monti&params=41.90592_N_12.48364_E_type:landmark_region:IT"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">41°54′21″N</span> <span class="longitude">12°29′01″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">41.90592°N 12.48364°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">41.90592; 12.48364</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the church. For the economic think tank, see <a href="/wiki/Trinit%C3%A0_dei_Monti_(think_tank)" title="Trinità dei Monti (think tank)">Trinità dei Monti (think tank)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Church in Rome, Italy</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="color:black; background-color:#FFCC99">Trinità dei Monti</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight:bold">Church of the Most Holy Trinity on the Mounts</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight:bold"><div class="nickname" lang="it">Chiesa della Santissima Trinità dei Monti</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom:1px #aaa solid"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Trinit%C3%A0_dei_monti_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Trinit%C3%A0_dei_monti_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-Trinit%C3%A0_dei_monti_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Trinit%C3%A0_dei_monti_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-Trinit%C3%A0_dei_monti_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Trinit%C3%A0_dei_monti_-_panoramio.jpg/440px-Trinit%C3%A0_dei_monti_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Facade</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom:1px #aaa solid"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 250px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="250" data-height="200" data-zoom="13" data-overlays="["_b2fa7eefec222a291bc54aec351d9e17648a1eac"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,13,a,a,250x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Trinit%C3%A0_dei_Monti&revid=1245729997&groups=_b2fa7eefec222a291bc54aec351d9e17648a1eac" width="250" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,13,a,a,250x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Trinit%C3%A0_dei_Monti&revid=1245729997&groups=_b2fa7eefec222a291bc54aec351d9e17648a1eac 2x" alt="Map" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Click on the map to see marker</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Trinit%C3%A0_dei_Monti&params=41.90592_N_12.48364_E_type:landmark_region:IT"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">41°54′21″N</span> <span class="longitude">12°29′01″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">41.90592°N 12.48364°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">41.90592; 12.48364</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label">Piazza della Trinità dei Monti 3, <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data category">Italy</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language(s)</th><td class="infobox-data language(s)">Italian, French</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Christian_denomination" title="Christian denomination">Denomination</a></th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Christian_tradition" title="Christian tradition">Tradition</a></th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Roman_Rite" title="Roman Rite">Roman Rite</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Religious_order#Christianity" title="Religious order">Religious order</a></th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Community" title="Emmanuel Community">Emmanuel Community</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://trinitadeimonti.net">trinitadeimonti<wbr />.net</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:black; background-color:#FFCC99">History</th></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Titular_church" title="Titular church">titular church</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/National_churches_in_Rome#National_churches" title="National churches in Rome">national church</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1502</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founder(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Louis_XII_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XII of France">Louis XII of France</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dedication_of_churches" title="Dedication of churches">Dedication</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Holy_Trinity" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Trinity">Holy Trinity</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Consecration" class="mw-redirect" title="Consecration">Consecrated</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1585</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Associated people</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Francois_Jacquier" class="mw-redirect" title="Francois Jacquier">Francois Jacquier</a>, O.M.</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:black; background-color:#FFCC99">Architecture</th></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Architect" title="Architect">Architect(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Della_Porta" class="mw-redirect" title="Giacomo Della Porta">Giacomo Della Porta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Annibale_Lippi" title="Annibale Lippi">Annibale Lippi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Maderno" title="Carlo Maderno">Carlo Maderno</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Architectural type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Renaissance_architecture" title="Renaissance architecture">Renaissance</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Groundbreaking" title="Groundbreaking">Groundbreaking</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1502</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:black; background-color:#FFCC99">Administration</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Diocese" title="Diocese">Diocese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Rome" title="Diocese of Rome">Rome</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rome_Trinita_dei_Monti_2020_P11_Scalinata.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Rome_Trinita_dei_Monti_2020_P11_Scalinata.jpg/220px-Rome_Trinita_dei_Monti_2020_P11_Scalinata.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Rome_Trinita_dei_Monti_2020_P11_Scalinata.jpg/330px-Rome_Trinita_dei_Monti_2020_P11_Scalinata.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Rome_Trinita_dei_Monti_2020_P11_Scalinata.jpg/440px-Rome_Trinita_dei_Monti_2020_P11_Scalinata.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>The church and the Spanish Steps from Piazza di Spagna</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Church of Santissima Trinità dei Monti</b>, often called simply <b>Trinità dei Monti</b> (French: <i>La Trinité-des-Monts</i>), is a <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> late Renaissance <a href="/wiki/Titular_church" title="Titular church">titular</a> <a href="/wiki/Churches_of_Rome" title="Churches of Rome">church</a>, part of a <a href="/wiki/Monastery" title="Monastery">monastery</a> complex in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>. It is best known for its position above the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Steps" title="Spanish Steps">Spanish Steps</a> which lead down to the famous <a href="/wiki/Piazza_di_Spagna" title="Piazza di Spagna">Piazza di Spagna</a>. The church is entrusted to the <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Community" title="Emmanuel Community">Emmanuel Community</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is one of the five <a href="/wiki/Pious_Establishments_of_France" title="Pious Establishments of France">Francophone Catholic churches in Rome</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trinit%C3%A0_dei_Monti&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fran%C3%A7ois_Marius_Granet_-_La_Trinit%C3%A9-des-Monts_et_la_Villa_M%C3%A9dicis,_%C3%A0_Rome.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Fran%C3%A7ois_Marius_Granet_-_La_Trinit%C3%A9-des-Monts_et_la_Villa_M%C3%A9dicis%2C_%C3%A0_Rome.jpg/220px-Fran%C3%A7ois_Marius_Granet_-_La_Trinit%C3%A9-des-Monts_et_la_Villa_M%C3%A9dicis%2C_%C3%A0_Rome.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Fran%C3%A7ois_Marius_Granet_-_La_Trinit%C3%A9-des-Monts_et_la_Villa_M%C3%A9dicis%2C_%C3%A0_Rome.jpg/330px-Fran%C3%A7ois_Marius_Granet_-_La_Trinit%C3%A9-des-Monts_et_la_Villa_M%C3%A9dicis%2C_%C3%A0_Rome.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Fran%C3%A7ois_Marius_Granet_-_La_Trinit%C3%A9-des-Monts_et_la_Villa_M%C3%A9dicis%2C_%C3%A0_Rome.jpg/440px-Fran%C3%A7ois_Marius_Granet_-_La_Trinit%C3%A9-des-Monts_et_la_Villa_M%C3%A9dicis%2C_%C3%A0_Rome.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="586" /></a><figcaption><i>La Trinité-des-Monts et la Villa Médicis, à Rome</i>, painting by <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Marius_Granet" title="François Marius Granet">François Marius Granet</a> (1808)</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1494, King <a href="/wiki/Charles_VIII_of_France" title="Charles VIII of France">Charles VIII of France</a> bought a portion of the ancient <a href="/wiki/Gardens_of_Lucullus" title="Gardens of Lucullus">Gardens of Lucullus</a> from the papal scholar and former <a href="/wiki/Patriarch_of_Aquileia" class="mw-redirect" title="Patriarch of Aquileia">Patriarch of Aquileia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ermolao_Barbaro" title="Ermolao Barbaro">Ermolao Barbaro</a>. He then obtained the authorization from <a href="/wiki/Pope_Alexander_VI" title="Pope Alexander VI">Pope Alexander VI</a> to establish a monastery on this land for the French friars of the <a href="/wiki/Minim_(religious_order)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minim (religious order)">Minim Order</a>. He did this in honor of the friars' founder, <a href="/wiki/Francis_of_Paola" title="Francis of Paola">Francis of Paola</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Hermit" title="Hermit">hermit</a> from <a href="/wiki/Calabria" title="Calabria">Calabria</a>, who had gone to France at the request of his father, King <a href="/wiki/Louis_XI_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XI of France">Louis XI</a> to attempt the king's healing. In 1502, <a href="/wiki/Louis_XII_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XII of France">Louis XII of France</a> began construction of the church of the Trinità dei Monti next to this monastery, to celebrate his successful invasion of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Naples" title="Kingdom of Naples">Kingdom of Naples</a>. The noted mathematician and physicist, <a href="/wiki/Francois_Jacquier" class="mw-redirect" title="Francois Jacquier">Francois Jacquier</a>, a Minim friar, (1711-1788) was a member of this community for much of his life. </p><p>Except for the years of the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a>, the church and monastery remained in the possession of the Minim Friars until 1828. At that point, the complex was given to the <a href="/wiki/Religious_of_the_Sacred_Heart" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious of the Sacred Heart">Religious of the Sacred Heart</a>, a French <a href="/wiki/Religious_congregation" title="Religious congregation">religious congregation</a> dedicated to the Christian education of young women of higher social status. When the Sisters closed their school in 2006, the complex was given to the <a href="/wiki/Monastic_Fraternities_of_Jerusalem" title="Monastic Fraternities of Jerusalem">Monastic Fraternities of Jerusalem</a>, a new Paris-based monastic Order, till 2016, when the French <a href="/wiki/Catholic_bishops" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic bishops">bishops</a> and government agreed to transfer the property to the newly-founded institute of the <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Community" title="Emmanuel Community">Emmanuel Community</a>, part of the <a href="/wiki/Charismatic_movement" title="Charismatic movement">charismatic movement</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Architecture">Architecture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trinit%C3%A0_dei_Monti&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Building work began in a French style with pointed late <a href="/wiki/Gothic_architecture" title="Gothic architecture">Gothic</a> arches, but construction lagged.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The present Italian Renaissance church was eventually built in its place and finally consecrated in 1585 by the great urbanizer <a href="/wiki/Pope_Sixtus_V" title="Pope Sixtus V">Pope Sixtus V</a>, whose <i>via Sistina</i> connected the Piazza della Trinità dei Monti (outside the church) to the <a href="/wiki/Piazza_Barberini" title="Piazza Barberini">Piazza Barberini</a> across the city. The architect of the facade is not known for certain, but Wolfgang Lotz suggests that it may have originated in a design by <a href="/wiki/Giacomo_della_Porta" title="Giacomo della Porta">Giacomo della Porta</a> (a follower of Michelangelo), who had built the church of <a href="/wiki/Sant%27Atanasio_dei_Greci" class="mw-redirect" title="Sant'Atanasio dei Greci">Sant'Atanasio dei Greci</a>, which has similarities, a little earlier.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The double staircase in front of the church was by <a href="/wiki/Domenico_Fontana" title="Domenico Fontana">Domenico Fontana</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In front of the church stands the <i>Obelisco Sallustiano</i>, one of the many <a href="/wiki/Obelisks_in_Rome" class="mw-redirect" title="Obelisks in Rome">obelisks in Rome</a>, moved here in 1789. It is a Roman <a href="/wiki/Obelisk" title="Obelisk">obelisk</a> made in imitation of Egyptian ones, originally constructed in the early years of the Roman Empire for the <a href="/wiki/Gardens_of_Sallust" title="Gardens of Sallust">Gardens of Sallust</a> near the Porta Salaria.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Hieroglyphic" class="mw-redirect" title="Hieroglyphic">hieroglyphic</a> inscription was copied from that on the obelisk in the <a href="/wiki/Piazza_del_Popolo" title="Piazza del Popolo">Piazza del Popolo</a> known as <a href="/wiki/Flaminio_Obelisk" title="Flaminio Obelisk">Flaminio Obelisk</a>. </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_occupation_of_Rome" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleonic occupation of Rome">Napoleonic occupation of Rome</a>, the church, like many others, was looted of its art and decorations. In 1816, after the <a href="/wiki/Bourbon_Restoration_in_France" title="Bourbon Restoration in France">Bourbon restoration</a>, the church was restored at the expense of King <a href="/wiki/Louis_XVIII_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XVIII of France">Louis XVIII</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The inscriptions found in Santissima Trinità dei Monti, a valuable source illustrating the history of the church, have been collected and published by Vincenzo Forcella.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Interior">Interior</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trinit%C3%A0_dei_Monti&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Interior"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the first chapel to the right is a <i>Baptism of Christ</i> and other scenes of the life of <i>John the Baptist</i> by the Florentine <a href="/wiki/Mannerism" title="Mannerism">Mannerist</a> painter <a href="/wiki/Giambattista_Naldini" class="mw-redirect" title="Giambattista Naldini">Giambattista Naldini</a>. In the third chapel on the right is an <i>Assumption of the Virgin</i> by a pupil of Michelangelo, <a href="/wiki/Daniele_da_Volterra" title="Daniele da Volterra">Daniele da Volterra</a> (the last figure on the right is said to be a portrait of Michelangelo).<sup id="cite_ref-auto_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the fourth chapel, the <i>Cappella Orsini</i>, are scenes of the <i>Passion of Christ</i> by <a href="/wiki/Paris_Nogari" title="Paris Nogari">Paris Nogari</a> and the funeral monument of Cardinal <a href="/wiki/Rodolfo_Pio_da_Carpi" title="Rodolfo Pio da Carpi">Rodolfo Pio da Carpi</a> by <a href="/wiki/Leonardo_Sormani" title="Leonardo Sormani">Leonardo Sormani</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a chapel near the high altar is a canvas of the <i>Crucifixion</i> painted by <a href="/wiki/Cesare_Nebbia" title="Cesare Nebbia">Cesare Nebbia</a>. </p><p>In the Cappella Pucci, on the left, are frescoes (1537) by <a href="/wiki/Perino_del_Vaga" title="Perino del Vaga">Perino del Vaga</a> finished by <a href="/wiki/Federico_Zuccari" title="Federico Zuccari">Federico</a> and <a href="/wiki/Taddeo_Zuccari" title="Taddeo Zuccari">Taddeo Zuccari</a> in 1589. The second chapel on the left has a well-known canvas of the <i>Deposition</i> by <a href="/wiki/Daniele_da_Volterra" title="Daniele da Volterra">Daniele da Volterra</a>; flanking it are frescoes by <a href="/wiki/Pablo_de_C%C3%A9spedes" title="Pablo de Céspedes">Pablo de Céspedes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cesare_Arbasia" title="Cesare Arbasia">Cesare Arbasia</a>. The first chapel on the left has frescoes by Nebbia. In the sacristy anteroom are more frescoes by Taddeo Zuccari: a <i>Coronation of the Virgin</i>, an <i>Annunciation</i>, and a <i>Visitation</i>. </p><p>In a niche along a corridor that opens onto the cloister is the fresco (reputed to be miraculous) of the <i><a href="/wiki/Mater_Admirabilis" title="Mater Admirabilis">Mater Admirabilis</a></i>, depicting the <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Mary" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Mary">Virgin Mary</a>, painted by Pauline Perdreau, a young French girl, in 1844.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Monastery">Monastery</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trinit%C3%A0_dei_Monti&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Monastery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Refectory" title="Refectory">refectory</a> has a frescoed ceiling by <a href="/wiki/Andrea_Pozzo" title="Andrea Pozzo">Andrea Pozzo</a>. In the cloister there is an astrolabes table, and along a corridor are the <a href="/wiki/Anamorphosis" title="Anamorphosis">anamorphic</a> frescoes (steeply sloping perspectives that have to be viewed from a particular point to make pictorial sense), portraying <i>St John on Patmos</i> and <i>St Francis of Paola as a hermit</i> all by <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Maignan" title="Emmanuel Maignan">Emmanuel Maignan</a> (1637). An upper room was painted with ruins by <a href="/wiki/Charles-Louis_Cl%C3%A9risseau" title="Charles-Louis Clérisseau">Charles-Louis Clérisseau</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trinit%C3%A0_dei_Monti&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Trinit%C3%A0_dei_Monti_-_interno.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Nave"><img alt="The Nave" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Trinit%C3%A0_dei_Monti_-_interno.jpg/120px-Trinit%C3%A0_dei_Monti_-_interno.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Trinit%C3%A0_dei_Monti_-_interno.jpg/180px-Trinit%C3%A0_dei_Monti_-_interno.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Trinit%C3%A0_dei_Monti_-_interno.jpg/240px-Trinit%C3%A0_dei_Monti_-_interno.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8632" data-file-height="5908" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Nave</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Trinit%C3%A0MontiAltare2-SteO153.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The High Altar"><img alt="The High Altar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Trinit%C3%A0MontiAltare2-SteO153.JPG/120px-Trinit%C3%A0MontiAltare2-SteO153.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Trinit%C3%A0MontiAltare2-SteO153.JPG/180px-Trinit%C3%A0MontiAltare2-SteO153.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Trinit%C3%A0MontiAltare2-SteO153.JPG/240px-Trinit%C3%A0MontiAltare2-SteO153.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The High Altar</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Trinitadeimonti8b7.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Deposition by Wilhelm Achtermann"><img alt="Deposition by Wilhelm Achtermann" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Trinitadeimonti8b7.jpg/111px-Trinitadeimonti8b7.jpg" decoding="async" width="111" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Trinitadeimonti8b7.jpg/167px-Trinitadeimonti8b7.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Trinitadeimonti8b7.jpg/223px-Trinitadeimonti8b7.jpg 2x" data-file-width="594" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Deposition</i> by<br /> <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Achtermann" title="Wilhelm Achtermann">Wilhelm Achtermann</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Trinita_dei_Monti_assumption_of_the_virgin.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Assumption of the Virgin by Daniele da Volterra"><img alt="Assumption of the Virgin by Daniele da Volterra" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Trinita_dei_Monti_assumption_of_the_virgin.jpg/90px-Trinita_dei_Monti_assumption_of_the_virgin.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Trinita_dei_Monti_assumption_of_the_virgin.jpg/135px-Trinita_dei_Monti_assumption_of_the_virgin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Trinita_dei_Monti_assumption_of_the_virgin.jpg/180px-Trinita_dei_Monti_assumption_of_the_virgin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Assumption of the Virgin</i> by <a href="/wiki/Daniele_da_Volterra" title="Daniele da Volterra">Daniele da Volterra</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Descentfromthecross.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Descent from the Cross by Daniele da Volterra"><img alt="Descent from the Cross by Daniele da Volterra" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Descentfromthecross.jpg/82px-Descentfromthecross.jpg" decoding="async" width="82" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Descentfromthecross.jpg/123px-Descentfromthecross.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Descentfromthecross.jpg/164px-Descentfromthecross.jpg 2x" data-file-width="886" data-file-height="1299" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Descent from the Cross</i> by <a href="/wiki/Daniele_da_Volterra" title="Daniele da Volterra">Daniele da Volterra</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mater_Admirabilis.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The Virgin Mary (the fresco known as 'Mater Admirabilis')"><img alt="The Virgin Mary (the fresco known as 'Mater Admirabilis')" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Mater_Admirabilis.JPG/90px-Mater_Admirabilis.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Mater_Admirabilis.JPG/135px-Mater_Admirabilis.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Mater_Admirabilis.JPG/180px-Mater_Admirabilis.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Virgin Mary (the fresco known as<br /> '<a href="/wiki/Mater_Admirabilis" title="Mater Admirabilis">Mater Admirabilis</a>') </div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religious_administration">Religious administration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trinit%C3%A0_dei_Monti&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Religious administration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The kings of France remained patrons of the church until the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a> and the church continued to be the church of the Minim Friars until its partial destruction in 1798.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It has been a <a href="/wiki/Titular_church" title="Titular church">titular</a> church since the <i>Titulus Santissimae Trinitatis in Monte Pincio</i> was established by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Sixtus_V" title="Pope Sixtus V">Pope Sixtus V</a> in 1587 and has been held ever since by a French <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_(Catholicism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardinal (Catholicism)">Cardinal</a>. The current (2010) <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Priest" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardinal Priest">Cardinal Priest</a> is <a href="/wiki/Philippe_Barbarin" title="Philippe Barbarin">Philippe Barbarin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Archdiocese_of_Lyon" class="mw-redirect" title="Archdiocese of Lyon">Archbishop of Lyon</a> and Primate of the Gauls. </p><p>By the Diplomatic Conventions of 14 May and 8 September 1828 between the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet of France">Government of France</a> the church and monastery were entrusted to the 'Religieuses du Sacré-Coeur de Jésus' (<a href="/wiki/Society_of_the_Sacred_Heart" title="Society of the Sacred Heart">Society of the Sacred Heart</a>), a French religious order, for the purpose of educating young girls. </p><p>In 2003 the French government were proposing to make funds available for necessary work on the church but was concerned that the Society might find it difficult to continue their work there in the future and in March 2003 the Society decided that it would withdraw from the Trinità no later than the summer of 2006. On 12 July 2005, the Vatican and the French Embassy to the Holy See announced that the Church, Convent and school would be entrusted from 1 September 2006 to the <a href="/wiki/Monastic_Fraternities_of_Jerusalem" title="Monastic Fraternities of Jerusalem">Monastic Fraternities of Jerusalem</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since 2016 the care of the Trinité des Monts complex has been entrusted to the <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Community" title="Emmanuel Community">Emmanuel Community</a> through an agreement by the Holy See and the French Government. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trinit%C3%A0_dei_Monti&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Villot" title="Jean-Marie Villot">Jean-Marie Villot</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trinit%C3%A0_dei_Monti&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output 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a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2016/07/25/0536/01204.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Avenant' tra la Santa Sede e la Repubblica francese alle Convenzioni diplomatiche e agli 'Avenants' relativi alla chiesa e al convento della Trinità dei Monti, 25.07.2016"</a> ["Avenant” " between the Holy See and the French Republic to the Diplomatic Conventions and the "Avenants" relating to the church and convent of the Trinità dei Monti, 07.25.2016]. <i>Vatican.va</i> (in Italian and French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vatican.va&rft.atitle=%27Avenant%27+tra+la+Santa+Sede+e+la+Repubblica+francese+alle+Convenzioni+diplomatiche+e+agli+%27Avenants%27+relativi+alla+chiesa+e+al+convento+della+Trinit%C3%A0+dei+Monti%2C+25.07.2016&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpress.vatican.va%2Fcontent%2Fsalastampa%2Fit%2Fbollettino%2Fpubblico%2F2016%2F07%2F25%2F0536%2F01204.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrinit%C3%A0+dei+Monti" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lotz p.123, and also on p.184 (note 40) referring, on the question of the authorship, typology and dating of the facades of S Atanasio and this church, to G. Giovannoni: <i>Saggi sull'architettura del rinascimento</i> (2nd edn. Milan. 1953) pp.219ff. Touring Club Italiano, <i>Roma e dintorni</i> (1965:269) attributed the facade to <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Maderno" title="Carlo Maderno">Carlo Maderno</a> but Howard Hibberd's <i>Carlo Maderno and Roman Architecture 1580–1630</i> (London. 1971) does not mention this church as a work of Maderno or even as a work wrongly attributed to him.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Macadam p.171; TCI 1965.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Touring Club Italiano 1965:269.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Macadam p.171</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">V. Forcella, <i>Inscrizioni delle chese e d' altre edifici di Roma, dal secolo XI fino al secolo XVI</i> Volume III (Roma: Fratelli Bencini, 1873), pp. 104–170. [in Italian and Latin]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">TCI 1965:270.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.visionsofjesuschrist.com/weeping159.htm">"Visions of Jesus Christ.com – Miraculous fresco Mater Admirabilis, Mother Most Admirable"</a>. <i>www.visionsofjesuschrist.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.visionsofjesuschrist.com&rft.atitle=Visions+of+Jesus+Christ.com+%E2%80%93+Miraculous+fresco+Mater+Admirabilis%2C+Mother+Most+Admirable&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.visionsofjesuschrist.com%2Fweeping159.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrinit%C3%A0+dei+Monti" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hutton p.245</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rscjinternational.org/content/view/148/47/lang,e/">RSJCinternational.org</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111001133023/http://www.rscjinternational.org/content/view/148/47/lang,e/">Archived</a> 1 October 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, website of the Society of the Sacred Heart for the history of the change</span> </li> </ol></div> <dl><dt>Additional sources</dt></dl> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaillard2016" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Maillard, Sébastien (25 July 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.la-croix.com/Religion/Monde/A-Rome-Trinite-Monts-confiee-communaute-Emmanuel-2016-07-25-1200778006">"A Rome, la Trinité-des-Monts est confiée à la communauté de l'Emmanuel"</a>. <i>La Croix</i> (in French).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=La+Croix&rft.atitle=A+Rome%2C+la+Trinit%C3%A9-des-Monts+est+confi%C3%A9e+%C3%A0+la+communaut%C3%A9+de+l%27Emmanuel&rft.date=2016-07-25&rft.aulast=Maillard&rft.aufirst=S%C3%A9bastien&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.la-croix.com%2FReligion%2FMonde%2FA-Rome-Trinite-Monts-confiee-communaute-Emmanuel-2016-07-25-1200778006&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrinit%C3%A0+dei+Monti" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Hutton, Edward: Rome (1911. 7th revised & enlarged edn:1950)</li> <li>Lotz, Wolfgang: Architecture in Italy 1500–1600. (1974. Yale U.P.edition 1995)</li> <li>Macadam, Alta: Rome (Blue Guides. 6th edition. London. 1998)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trinit%C3%A0_dei_Monti&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output 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li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Trinit%C3%A0_dei_Monti_(Rome)" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Trinità dei Monti (Rome)">Trinità dei Monti (Rome)</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.romeartlover.it/Vasi40.html#Trinit%C3%A0">More pictures of the church from RomeArtLover.it</a></li> <li>Gabriel Chow, <i>GCatholic.org</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gcatholic.org/churches/cardinal/292.htm">Cardinal Protectors of Santissima Trinità al Monte Pincio</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://emmanuelcommunity.com/news/la-trinite-des-monts-entrusted-to-the-emmanuel-community/">Trinità dei Monti complex assigned to the Emmanuel community</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template_talk:Carlo_Maderno" title="Template talk:Carlo Maderno"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Carlo_Maderno" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Carlo Maderno"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Carlo_Maderno" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Maderno" title="Carlo Maderno">Carlo Maderno</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Churches and<br />religious buildings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Trinità dei Monti</a> (co-autorship, late 16th-century)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_sopra_Minerva" title="Santa Maria sopra Minerva">Santa Maria sopra Minerva</a> (façade and other works, 1600)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Susanna" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Susanna">Santa Susanna</a> (reconstruction project, 1595–1603)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant%27Andrea_della_Valle" title="Sant'Andrea della Valle">Sant'Andrea della Valle</a> (new project, 1608)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Giacomo_in_Augusta" title="San Giacomo in Augusta">San Giacomo in Augusta</a> (original project by Francesco Capriani; completion in 1604–1609)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Basilica" title="St. Peter's Basilica">St. Peter's Basilica</a> (façade and nave, 1602–1615)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Giovanni_dei_Fiorentini" title="San Giovanni dei Fiorentini">San Giovanni dei Fiorentini</a> (direction of the works, 1602–1620)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_della_Vittoria,_Rome" title="Santa Maria della Vittoria, Rome">Santa Maria della Vittoria, Rome</a> (1605–1620)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant%27Ignazio,_Rome" title="Sant'Ignazio, Rome">Sant'Ignazio, Rome</a> (possible collaboration, 1620s)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chapels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cerasi_Chapel" title="Cerasi Chapel">Cerasi Chapel</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_del_Popolo" title="Santa Maria del Popolo">Santa Maria del Popolo</a> (c. 1601–1605)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Secular buildings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Mattei" title="Palazzo Mattei">Palazzo Mattei</a> (1598–1618)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_Aldobrandini" title="Villa Aldobrandini">Villa Aldobrandini</a> (co-autorship with <a href="/wiki/Giacomo_della_Porta" title="Giacomo della Porta">Giacomo della Porta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Fontana_(architect)" title="Giovanni Fontana (architect)">Giovanni Fontana</a>; involvement, 1603–1623)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Barberini" title="Palazzo Barberini">Palazzo Barberini</a> (co-autorship with <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Borromini" title="Francesco Borromini">Francesco Borromini</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gian_Lorenzo_Bernini" title="Gian Lorenzo Bernini">Gian Lorenzo Bernini</a>, 1627–1633)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baroque_architecture" title="Baroque architecture">Baroque architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Giacomo_degli_Incurabili" title="San Giacomo degli Incurabili">San Giacomo degli Incurabili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domenico_Fontana" title="Domenico Fontana">Domenico Fontana</a> (oncle)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Fontana_(architect)" title="Giovanni Fontana (architect)">Giovanni Fontana</a> (oncle)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefano_Maderno" title="Stefano Maderno">Stefano Maderno</a> (possible brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Borromini" title="Francesco Borromini">Francesco Borromini</a> (collaborator)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gian_Lorenzo_Bernini" title="Gian Lorenzo Bernini">Gian Lorenzo Bernini</a> (collaborator)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1229008#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1229008#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1229008#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4698300-4">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/nr93039118">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007605163205171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://structurae.net/structures/20014753">Structurae</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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