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<span>Toggle Using Wikipedia for fact-checking subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Using_Wikipedia_for_fact-checking-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-YouTube_fact-checking" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#YouTube_fact-checking"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>YouTube fact-checking</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-YouTube_fact-checking-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Facebook_fact-checking" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Facebook_fact-checking"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Facebook fact-checking</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Facebook_fact-checking-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Professional_fact-checkers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Professional_fact-checkers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Professional fact-checkers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Professional_fact-checkers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fact-checking_Wikipedia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fact-checking_Wikipedia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Fact-checking Wikipedia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Fact-checking_Wikipedia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Fact-checking Wikipedia subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Fact-checking_Wikipedia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Self-contradiction_articles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Self-contradiction_articles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Self-contradiction articles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Self-contradiction_articles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Limitations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Limitations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Limitations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Limitations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_consideration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_consideration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further consideration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_consideration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 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Wikipedia</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a>'s volunteer <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_community" title="Wikipedia community">editor community</a> has the responsibility of <a href="/wiki/Fact-checking" title="Fact-checking">fact-checking</a> Wikipedia's content.<sup id="cite_ref-Timmons_2018_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Timmons_2018-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their aim is to curb the dissemination of <a href="/wiki/Misinformation" title="Misinformation">misinformation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Disinformation" title="Disinformation">disinformation</a> by the website. </p><p>Wikipedia is considered one of the major free open source websites, where millions can read, edit and post their views for free. Therefore Wikipedia takes the effort to provide its readers with well-verified sources. Meticulous fact-checking is an aspect of the broader <a href="/wiki/Reliability_of_Wikipedia" title="Reliability of Wikipedia">reliability of Wikipedia</a>. </p><p>Various <a href="/wiki/Academic_studies_about_Wikipedia" title="Academic studies about Wikipedia">academic studies about Wikipedia</a> and the body of <a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Wikipedia" title="Criticism of Wikipedia">criticism of Wikipedia</a> seek to describe the limits of Wikipedia's reliability, document who uses Wikipedia for fact-checking and how, and what consequences result from this use. Wikipedia articles can have poor quality in many ways including self-contradictions.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Those poor articles require improvement. </p><p>Large platforms including <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a><sup id="cite_ref-Glaser_2018_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Glaser_2018-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a><sup id="cite_ref-Flynn_2017_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Flynn_2017-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> use Wikipedia's content to confirm the accuracy of the information in their own media collections. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Using_Wikipedia_for_fact-checking">Using Wikipedia for fact-checking</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia_and_fact-checking&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Using Wikipedia for fact-checking"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Wikipedia serves as a public resource for access to genuine information. For example, the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a> pandemic was an important topic on which people relied on Wikipedia for genuine information.<sup id="cite_ref-Benjakob_August_2020_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Benjakob_August_2020-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seeking public trust is a major part of Wikipedia's publication philosophy.<sup id="cite_ref-Iannucci_2017_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iannucci_2017-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Various reader polls and studies have reported public trust in Wikipedia's process for quality control.<sup id="cite_ref-Iannucci_2017_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iannucci_2017-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In general, the public uses Wikipedia to counter <a href="/wiki/Fake_news" title="Fake news">fake news</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-McDowell_July_2020_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McDowell_July_2020-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="YouTube_fact-checking">YouTube fact-checking</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia_and_fact-checking&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: YouTube fact-checking"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:YouTube_screenshot_demonstrating_Wikipedia_fact-checking.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/YouTube_screenshot_demonstrating_Wikipedia_fact-checking.png/419px-YouTube_screenshot_demonstrating_Wikipedia_fact-checking.png" decoding="async" width="419" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/YouTube_screenshot_demonstrating_Wikipedia_fact-checking.png/629px-YouTube_screenshot_demonstrating_Wikipedia_fact-checking.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/YouTube_screenshot_demonstrating_Wikipedia_fact-checking.png/838px-YouTube_screenshot_demonstrating_Wikipedia_fact-checking.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="497" /></a><figcaption>YouTube using Wikipedia for fact-checking</figcaption></figure> <p>At the 2018 <a href="/wiki/South_by_Southwest" title="South by Southwest">South by Southwest</a> conference, <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a> CEO <a href="/wiki/Susan_Wojcicki" title="Susan Wojcicki">Susan Wojcicki</a> made the announcement that YouTube was using Wikipedia to fact check videos which YouTube hosts.<sup id="cite_ref-Glaser_2018_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Glaser_2018-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Montgomery_2018_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Montgomery_2018-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> No one at YouTube had consulted anyone at Wikipedia about this development, and the news at the time was a surprise.<sup id="cite_ref-Montgomery_2018_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Montgomery_2018-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The intent at the time was for YouTube to use Wikipedia as a counter to the spread of <a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_theory" title="Conspiracy theory">conspiracy theories</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Montgomery_2018_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Montgomery_2018-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is done by adding new information boxes under some YouTube videos, thereby, attracting conspiracy theorists.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Facebook_fact-checking">Facebook fact-checking</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia_and_fact-checking&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Facebook fact-checking"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Facebook uses Wikipedia in various ways. Following criticism of Facebook in the context of fake news around the <a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">2016 United States presidential election</a>, Facebook recognized that Wikipedia already had an established process for fact-checking.<sup id="cite_ref-Flynn_2017_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Flynn_2017-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Facebook's subsequent strategy for countering fake news included using content from Wikipedia for fact-checking.<sup id="cite_ref-Flynn_2017_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Flynn_2017-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2020, Facebook began to include information from Wikipedia's info boxes in its own general reference knowledge panels to provide objective information.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Professional_fact-checkers">Professional fact-checkers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia_and_fact-checking&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Professional fact-checkers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mike Caulfield and <a href="/wiki/Sam_Wineburg" title="Sam Wineburg">Sam Wineburg</a> adapt an approach to fact checking as a type of <a href="/wiki/Media_literacy" title="Media literacy">media literacy</a>, suggesting that information seekers emphasize lateral reading (or skimming multiple reliable sources instead of thoroughly examining one), including by using Wikipedia as a starting point for learning about a topic.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9e_DiResta" title="Renée DiResta">Renée DiResta</a> in her 2024 book advised victims of rumors, misinformation or disinformation to ensure that factual information was available online, including on Wikipedia, especially in an era when AI chatbots often rely on Wikipedia for information.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fact-checking_Wikipedia">Fact-checking Wikipedia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia_and_fact-checking&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Fact-checking Wikipedia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Wikipedia_and_fact-checking" title="Special:EditPage/Wikipedia and fact-checking">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Fact-checking is one aspect of the general <a href="/wiki/Editing" title="Editing">editing</a> process in Wikipedia. The volunteer community develops a process for reference and fact-checking through community groups such as <a href="/wiki/WikiProject" title="WikiProject">WikiProject</a> Reliability.<sup id="cite_ref-McDowell_July_2020_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McDowell_July_2020-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wikipedia has a reputation for cultivating a culture of fact-checking among its editors.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wikipedia's fact-checking process depends on the activity of its volunteer community of contributors, who numbered 200,000 as of 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-Timmons_2018_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Timmons_2018-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The development of fact-checking practices is ongoing in the Wikipedia editing community.<sup id="cite_ref-Iannucci_2017_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iannucci_2017-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One development that took years was the 2017 community decision to declare a particular news source, <i><a href="/wiki/Daily_Mail" title="Daily Mail">Daily Mail</a></i>, as generally unreliable as a citation for verifying claims.<sup id="cite_ref-Iannucci_2017_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iannucci_2017-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Through strict guidelines on <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verifiability</a>, Wikipedia has been combating misinformation.<sup id="cite_ref-wikipedia-verifiability_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikipedia-verifiability-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The source doesn't mention *by itself* that Wikipedia has strict verifiability guidelines or that Wikipedia is combating misinformation through the strict guidelines (which may be original research). (February 2023)">failed verification</span></a></i>]</sup> According to Wikipedia guidelines, all articles on Wikipedia's "mainspace" must be verifiable.<sup id="cite_ref-wikipedia-verifiability_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikipedia-verifiability-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Self-contradiction_articles">Self-contradiction articles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia_and_fact-checking&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Self-contradiction articles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Technical plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-technical" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>may be too technical for most readers to understand</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia_and_fact-checking&action=edit">help improve it</a> to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Make_technical_articles_understandable" title="Wikipedia:Make technical articles understandable">make it understandable to non-experts</a>, without removing the technical details.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A <i>self-contradiction article</i> is an article that contradicts itself.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An experiment was conducted on detecting self-contradiction articles on Wikipedia using a developed model called "Pairwise Contradiction Neural Network" (PCNN).<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Contributions to this experiment are as follows: </p> <ul><li>A novel Wikipedia dataset named WikiContradiction was created which is the first dataset for self-contradiction tasks on Wikipedia.</li> <li>A novel model PCNN was developed and was fine-tuned via the WikiContradiction dataset.</li> <li>The empirical results exhibit the PCNN model's promising performance as well as highlight the most contradicted pairs.</li> <li>The compiled WikiContradiction dataset can be used as a training resource for improving Wikipedia's articles.</li> <li>This can further contribute to fact-checking and claim verification as well.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Limitations">Limitations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia_and_fact-checking&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Limitations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When Wikipedia experiences <a href="/wiki/Vandalism_on_Wikipedia" title="Vandalism on Wikipedia">vandalism</a>, platforms that reuse Wikipedia's content may republish that vandalized content.<sup id="cite_ref-Funke_2018_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Funke_2018-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2016, journalists described how vandalism in Wikipedia undermines its use as a credible source.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Vandalism is prohibited by Wikipedia. The website suggests these steps for inexperienced beginners to handle vandalism: access, revert, warn, watch, and finally report.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2018, Facebook and YouTube were major users of Wikipedia for its fact-checking functions, but those commercial platforms were not contributing to Wikipedia's free nonprofit operations in any way.<sup id="cite_ref-Funke_2018_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Funke_2018-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Self-contradiction limitations: The two main limitations of the self-contradiction PCNN model are the subjectivity of self-contradiction and not being able to deal with lengthy documents.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia_and_fact-checking&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Circular_reporting#Circular_reporting_on_Wikipedia" title="Circular reporting">Circular reporting on Wikipedia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia_and_fact-checking&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A self-contradiction article contains at least one pair of two statements that contradict each other and are both presented as truth.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia_and_fact-checking&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Timmons_2018-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Timmons_2018_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Timmons_2018_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFTimmonsKozlowska2018" class="citation web cs1">Timmons, Heather; Kozlowska, Hanna (April 27, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://qz.com/1264347/wikipedias-legion-of-editors-are-its-weapon-against-fake-news/">"200,000 volunteers have become the fact checkers of the internet"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Quartz_(publication)" title="Quartz (publication)">Quartz</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Quartz&rft.atitle=200%2C000+volunteers+have+become+the+fact+checkers+of+the+internet&rft.date=2018-04-27&rft.aulast=Timmons&rft.aufirst=Heather&rft.au=Kozlowska%2C+Hanna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fqz.com%2F1264347%2Fwikipedias-legion-of-editors-are-its-weapon-against-fake-news%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWikipedia+and+fact-checking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHsuLiSaez-TrumperHsu2021" class="citation book cs1">Hsu, Cheng; Li, Cheng-Te; Saez-Trumper, Diego; Hsu, Yi-Zhan (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9671319">"WikiContradiction: Detecting Self-Contradiction Articles on Wikipedia"</a>. 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=WikiContradiction%3A+Detecting+Self-Contradiction+Articles+on+Wikipedia&rft.btitle=2021+IEEE+International+Conference+on+Big+Data+%28Big+Data%29&rft.pages=427-436&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F2111.08543&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A244130115%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1109%2FBigData52589.2021.9671319&rft.isbn=978-1-6654-3902-2&rft.aulast=Hsu&rft.aufirst=Cheng&rft.au=Li%2C+Cheng-Te&rft.au=Saez-Trumper%2C+Diego&rft.au=Hsu%2C+Yi-Zhan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fdocument%2F9671319&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWikipedia+and+fact-checking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Glaser_2018-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Glaser_2018_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Glaser_2018_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link 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New York: PublicAffairs. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5417-0339-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5417-0339-1"><bdi>978-1-5417-0339-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Part+II+Chapter+9&rft.btitle=Invisible+rulers%3A+the+people+who+turn+lies+into+reality&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=PublicAffairs&rft.date=2024&rft.isbn=978-1-5417-0339-1&rft.aulast=DiResta&rft.aufirst=Renee&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWikipedia+and+fact-checking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeller2017" class="citation web cs1">Keller, Jared (June 14, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://psmag.com/news/how-wikipedia-is-cultivating-an-army-of-fact-checkers-to-battle-fake-news">"How Wikipedia Is Cultivating an Army of Fact Checkers to Battle Fake News"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Standard" title="Pacific Standard">Pacific Standard</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pacific+Standard&rft.atitle=How+Wikipedia+Is+Cultivating+an+Army+of+Fact+Checkers+to+Battle+Fake+News&rft.date=2017-06-14&rft.aulast=Keller&rft.aufirst=Jared&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpsmag.com%2Fnews%2Fhow-wikipedia-is-cultivating-an-army-of-fact-checkers-to-battle-fake-news&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWikipedia+and+fact-checking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRodriguez2017" class="citation web cs1">Rodriguez, Ashley (February 10, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://qz.com/907715/in-a-first-wikipedia-has-deemed-the-daily-mail-and-mail-online-too-unreliable-to-be-used-as-a-citation/">"In a first, Wikipedia has deemed the Daily Mail too "unreliable" to be used as a citation"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Quartz_(publication)" title="Quartz (publication)">Quartz</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Quartz&rft.atitle=In+a+first%2C+Wikipedia+has+deemed+the+Daily+Mail+too+%22unreliable%22+to+be+used+as+a+citation&rft.date=2017-02-10&rft.aulast=Rodriguez&rft.aufirst=Ashley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fqz.com%2F907715%2Fin-a-first-wikipedia-has-deemed-the-daily-mail-and-mail-online-too-unreliable-to-be-used-as-a-citation%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWikipedia+and+fact-checking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wikipedia-verifiability-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wikipedia-verifiability_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wikipedia-verifiability_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Verifiability&oldid=1083371781">"Wikipedia:Verifiability"</a>, <i>Wikipedia</i>, April 18, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 19,</span> 2022</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wikipedia&rft.atitle=Wikipedia%3AVerifiability&rft.date=2022-04-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DWikipedia%3AVerifiability%26oldid%3D1083371781&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWikipedia+and+fact-checking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHsuLiSaez-TrumperHsu2021" class="citation book cs1">Hsu, Cheng; Li, Cheng-Te; Saez-Trumper, Diego; Hsu, Yi-Zhan (December 15, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9671319">"WikiContradiction: Detecting Self-Contradiction Articles on Wikipedia"</a>. <i>2021 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data)</i>. Orlando, FL, USA: IEEE. pp. 427–436. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2111.08543">2111.08543</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1109%2FBigData52589.2021.9671319">10.1109/BigData52589.2021.9671319</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-6654-3902-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-6654-3902-2"><bdi>978-1-6654-3902-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:244130115">244130115</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=WikiContradiction%3A+Detecting+Self-Contradiction+Articles+on+Wikipedia&rft.btitle=2021+IEEE+International+Conference+on+Big+Data+%28Big+Data%29&rft.place=Orlando%2C+FL%2C+USA&rft.pages=427-436&rft.pub=IEEE&rft.date=2021-12-15&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F2111.08543&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A244130115%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1109%2FBigData52589.2021.9671319&rft.isbn=978-1-6654-3902-2&rft.aulast=Hsu&rft.aufirst=Cheng&rft.au=Li%2C+Cheng-Te&rft.au=Saez-Trumper%2C+Diego&rft.au=Hsu%2C+Yi-Zhan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fdocument%2F9671319&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWikipedia+and+fact-checking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Funke_2018-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Funke_2018_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Funke_2018_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFunke2018" class="citation web cs1">Funke, Daniel (June 18, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.poynter.org/fact-checking/2018/wikipedia-vandalism-could-thwart-hoax-busting-on-google-youtube-and-facebook/">"Wikipedia vandalism could thwart hoax-busting on Google, YouTube and Facebook"</a>. <i>Poynter</i>. <a href="/wiki/Poynter_Institute" title="Poynter Institute">Poynter Institute</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Poynter&rft.atitle=Wikipedia+vandalism+could+thwart+hoax-busting+on+Google%2C+YouTube+and+Facebook&rft.date=2018-06-18&rft.aulast=Funke&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.poynter.org%2Ffact-checking%2F2018%2Fwikipedia-vandalism-could-thwart-hoax-busting-on-google-youtube-and-facebook%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWikipedia+and+fact-checking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFA.E.S.2016" class="citation news cs1">A.E.S. (January 15, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/democracy-in-america/2016/01/15/wikipedia-celebrates-its-first-15-years">"Wikipedia celebrates its first 15 years"</a>. <i>The Economist</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=Wikipedia+celebrates+its+first+15+years&rft.date=2016-01-15&rft.au=A.E.S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fdemocracy-in-america%2F2016%2F01%2F15%2Fwikipedia-celebrates-its-first-15-years&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWikipedia+and+fact-checking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Vandalism&oldid=1082950649">"Wikipedia:Vandalism"</a>, <i>Wikipedia</i>, April 16, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 19,</span> 2022</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wikipedia&rft.atitle=Wikipedia%3AVandalism&rft.date=2022-04-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DWikipedia%3AVandalism%26oldid%3D1082950649&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWikipedia+and+fact-checking" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_consideration">Further consideration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia_and_fact-checking&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Further consideration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnkerSuSmith2017" class="citation web cs1">Anker, Andrew; Su, Sara; Smith, Jeff (October 5, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://about.fb.com/news/2017/10/news-feed-fyi-new-test-to-provide-context-about-articles/">"New Test to Provide Context About Articles"</a>. <i>About Facebook</i>. <a href="/wiki/Facebook,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Facebook, Inc.">Facebook, Inc.</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=About+Facebook&rft.atitle=New+Test+to+Provide+Context+About+Articles&rft.date=2017-10-05&rft.aulast=Anker&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft.au=Su%2C+Sara&rft.au=Smith%2C+Jeff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabout.fb.com%2Fnews%2F2017%2F10%2Fnews-feed-fyi-new-test-to-provide-context-about-articles%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWikipedia+and+fact-checking" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMohanKyncl2018" class="citation web cs1">Mohan, Neal; Kyncl, Robert (July 9, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.youtube/news-and-events/building-better-news-experience-on/">"Building a better news experience on YouTube, together"</a>. <i>blog.youtube</i>. <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=blog.youtube&rft.atitle=Building+a+better+news+experience+on+YouTube%2C+together&rft.date=2018-07-09&rft.aulast=Mohan&rft.aufirst=Neal&rft.au=Kyncl%2C+Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.youtube%2Fnews-and-events%2Fbuilding-better-news-experience-on%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWikipedia+and+fact-checking" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia_and_fact-checking&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Reliability" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Reliability">Wikipedia:WikiProject Reliability</a>, the English Wikipedia community project which self-organizes fact-checking</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Wikipedia" title="Template:Wikipedia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Wikipedia" title="Template talk:Wikipedia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Wikipedia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Wikipedia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Wikipedia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Wikipedia" title="Outline of Wikipedia">Overview<br />(outline)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Biases <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gender_bias_on_Wikipedia" title="Gender bias on Wikipedia">gender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geographical_bias_on_Wikipedia" title="Geographical bias on Wikipedia">geographical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ideological_bias_on_Wikipedia" title="Ideological bias on Wikipedia">ideological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_bias_on_Wikipedia" title="Racial bias on Wikipedia">racial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_of_Wikipedia" title="Censorship of Wikipedia">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conflict-of-interest_editing_on_Wikipedia" title="Conflict-of-interest editing on Wikipedia">Conflict-of-interest editing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_editing_incidents_on_Wikipedia" title="List of political editing incidents on Wikipedia">political editing incidents</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Wikipedia" title="Criticism of Wikipedia">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deletion_of_articles_on_Wikipedia" title="Deletion of articles on Wikipedia">Deletion of articles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deletionism_and_inclusionism_in_Wikipedia" title="Deletionism and inclusionism in Wikipedia">deletionism and inclusionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notability_in_the_English_Wikipedia" title="Notability in the English Wikipedia">notability</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disputes_on_Wikipedia" title="Disputes on Wikipedia">Disputes</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Ignore_all_rules" title="Ignore all rules">Ignore all rules</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MediaWiki" title="MediaWiki">MediaWiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plagiarism_from_Wikipedia" title="Plagiarism from Wikipedia">Plagiarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Predictions_of_the_end_of_Wikipedia" title="Predictions of the end of Wikipedia">Predictions of the project's end</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reliability_of_Wikipedia" title="Reliability of Wikipedia">Reliability</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fact-checking</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Citation_needed" title="Citation needed">Citation needed</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vandalism_on_Wikipedia" title="Vandalism on Wikipedia">Vandalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_community" title="Wikipedia community">Community<br />(Wikipedians)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_administrators" title="Wikipedia administrators">Administrators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AfroCrowd" title="AfroCrowd">AfroCrowd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arbitration_Committee_(Wikipedia)" title="Arbitration Committee (Wikipedia)">Arbitration Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art%2BFeminism" title="Art+Feminism">Art+Feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_bots" title="Wikipedia bots">Bots</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lsjbot" title="Lsjbot">Lsjbot</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edit_count" title="Edit count">Edit count</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias" title="List of Wikipedias">List of Wikipedias</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Signpost" title="The Signpost">The Signpost</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikimedian_of_the_Year" title="Wikimedian of the Year">Wikimedian of the Year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedian_in_residence" title="Wikipedian in residence">Wikipedian in residence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WikiProject" title="WikiProject">WikiProject</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Red" title="Women in Red">Women in Red</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edit-a-thon" title="Edit-a-thon">Edit-a-thon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WikiConference_India" title="WikiConference India">WikiConference India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiki_Indaba" title="Wiki Indaba">Wiki Indaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WikiConference_North_America" title="WikiConference North America">WikiConference North America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikimania" title="Wikimania">Wikimania</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Wiki Loves</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wiki_Loves_Earth" title="Wiki Loves Earth">Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiki_Loves_Folklore" title="Wiki Loves Folklore">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiki_Loves_Monuments" title="Wiki Loves Monuments">Monuments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiki_Loves_Pride" title="Wiki Loves Pride">Pride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiki_Science_Competition" title="Wiki Science Competition">Science</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People<br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_Wikipedia_people" title="List of Wikipedia people">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Esra%27a_Al_Shafei" title="Esra'a Al Shafei">Esra'a Al Shafei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence_Devouard" title="Florence Devouard">Florence Devouard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sue_Gardner" title="Sue Gardner">Sue Gardner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Gerard_(author)" title="David Gerard (author)">David Gerard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Heilman" title="James Heilman">James Heilman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryana_Iskander" title="Maryana Iskander">Maryana Iskander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dariusz_Jemielniak" title="Dariusz Jemielniak">Dariusz Jemielniak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebecca_MacKinnon" title="Rebecca MacKinnon">Rebecca MacKinnon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Maher" title="Katherine Maher">Katherine Maher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnus_Manske" title="Magnus Manske">Magnus Manske</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ira_Brad_Matetsky" title="Ira Brad Matetsky">Ira Brad Matetsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erik_M%C3%B6ller" title="Erik Möller">Erik Möller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Moore_(Wikipedia_editor)" title="Jason Moore (Wikipedia editor)">Jason Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raju_Narisetti" title="Raju Narisetti">Raju Narisetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Pruitt" title="Steven Pruitt">Steven Pruitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Rauwerda" title="Annie Rauwerda">Annie Rauwerda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Sanger" title="Larry Sanger">Larry Sanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Sefidari" title="María Sefidari">María Sefidari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisa_Seitz-Gruwell" title="Lisa Seitz-Gruwell">Lisa Seitz-Gruwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosie_Stephenson-Goodknight" title="Rosie Stephenson-Goodknight">Rosie Stephenson-Goodknight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lila_Tretikov" title="Lila Tretikov">Lila Tretikov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Wales" title="Jimmy Wales">Jimmy Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molly_White_(writer)" title="Molly White (writer)">Molly White</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Wikipedia" title="History of Wikipedia">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bomis" title="Bomis">Bomis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nupedia" title="Nupedia">Nupedia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Wikipedia_edit" title="First Wikipedia edit">First edit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_logo" title="Wikipedia logo">Logo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Watch_Foundation_and_Wikipedia" title="Internet Watch Foundation and Wikipedia">Internet Watch Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Scientology_editing_on_Wikipedia" title="Church of Scientology editing on Wikipedia">Scientology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillsborough_disaster_Wikipedia_posts" title="Hillsborough disaster Wikipedia posts">Hillsborough disaster Wikipedia posts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VisualEditor" title="VisualEditor">VisualEditor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1Lib1Ref" title="1Lib1Ref">#1Lib1Ref</a></li> <li>Wikimedia Foundation actions <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021_Wikimedia_Foundation_actions_on_the_Chinese_Wikipedia" title="2021 Wikimedia Foundation actions on the Chinese Wikipedia">on the Chinese Wikipedia</a> <ul><li>2021</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Wikimedia_Foundation_actions_on_the_Arabic_and_Persian_Wikipedias" title="2022 Wikimedia Foundation actions on the Arabic and Persian Wikipedias">on the Arabic and Persian Wikipedias</a> <ul><li>2022</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Wikipedia_controversies" title="List of Wikipedia controversies">Controversies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alan_MacMasters_hoax" title="Alan MacMasters hoax">Alan MacMasters hoax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Bandeirense_Mirand%C3%B3polis_hoax" title="Carlos Bandeirense Mirandópolis hoax">Carlos Bandeirense Mirandópolis hoax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_edit_wars_on_Wikipedia" title="List of edit wars on Wikipedia">Edit wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essjay_controversy" title="Essjay controversy">Essjay controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henryk_Batuta_hoax" title="Henryk Batuta hoax">Henryk Batuta hoax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jar%27Edo_Wens_hoax" title="Jar'Edo Wens hoax">Jar'Edo Wens hoax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_Seigenthaler_biography_incident" title="Wikipedia Seigenthaler biography incident">Seigenthaler biography incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_Star_Trek_Into_Darkness_debate" title="Wikipedia Star Trek Into Darkness debate"><i>Star Trek Into Darkness</i> debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_staff_edits_to_Wikipedia" title="United States congressional staff edits to Wikipedia">United States congressional staff edits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhemao_hoaxes" title="Zhemao hoaxes">Zhemao hoaxes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Coverage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_coverage_of_American_politics" title="Wikipedia coverage of American politics">American politics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_coverage_of_Donald_Trump" title="Wikipedia coverage of Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_and_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Wikipedia and the COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_coverage_of_death" title="Wikipedia coverage of death">Death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_and_the_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Wikipedia and the Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Israeli–Palestinian conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Wikipedia and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Honors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/274301_Wikipedia" title="274301 Wikipedia">274301 Wikipedia</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Viola_angustifolia" title="Viola angustifolia">Viola angustifolia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_Monument" title="Wikipedia Monument">Wikipedia Monument</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">References<br />and analysis</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academic_studies_about_Wikipedia" title="Academic studies about Wikipedia">Academic studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Wikipedia" title="Bibliography of Wikipedia">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_in_culture" title="Wikipedia in culture">Cultural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_about_Wikipedia" title="List of films about Wikipedia">Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Listen_to_Wikipedia" title="Listen to Wikipedia">Listen to Wikipedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipediocracy" title="Wikipediocracy">Wikipediocracy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mobile</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Wikipedia_mobile_applications" title="List of Wikipedia mobile applications">Apps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QRpedia" title="QRpedia">QRpedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wapedia" title="Wapedia">Wapedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_Zero" title="Wikipedia Zero">Wikipedia Zero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WikiReader" title="WikiReader">WikiReader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikiwand" title="Wikiwand">Wikiwand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Content use</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DBpedia" title="DBpedia">DBpedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Depths_of_Wikipedia" title="Depths of Wikipedia">Depths of Wikipedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relationship_between_Google_and_Wikipedia" title="Relationship between Google and Wikipedia">Google and Wikipedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_information_on_Wikipedia" title="Health information on Wikipedia">Health information</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiwix" title="Kiwix">Kiwix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_information_on_Wikipedia" title="Science information on Wikipedia">Science information</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia-based_education" title="Wikipedia-based education">Wikipedia-based education</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Iraq_War:_A_Historiography_of_Wikipedia_Changelogs" title="The Iraq War: A Historiography of Wikipedia Changelogs">The Iraq War: A Historiography of Wikipedia Changelogs</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_and_Wikipedia" title="LGBTQ and Wikipedia">LGBTQ and Wikipedia</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Magna_Carta_(An_Embroidery)" title="Magna Carta (An Embroidery)">Magna Carta (An Embroidery)</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_imprisoned_for_editing_Wikipedia" title="List of people imprisoned for editing Wikipedia">People imprisoned for editing Wikipedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Print_Wikipedia" title="Print Wikipedia">Print Wikipedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiki_rabbit_hole" title="Wiki rabbit hole">Wiki rabbit hole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation" title="Wikimedia Foundation">Wikimedia Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_movement" title="Wikimedia movement">Wikimedia movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_for_World_Heritage" title="Wikipedia for World Heritage">Wikipedia for World Heritage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_in_India" title="Wikipedia in India">Wikipedia in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikiracing" title="Wikiracing">Wikiracing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_online_encyclopedias" title="List of online encyclopedias">List of online encyclopedias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wikis" title="List of wikis">List of wikis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class 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