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id="toc-International_Standard_Atmosphere-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Standard_laboratory_conditions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Standard_laboratory_conditions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Standard laboratory conditions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Standard_laboratory_conditions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Molar_volume_of_a_gas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Molar_volume_of_a_gas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Molar volume of a gas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Molar_volume_of_a_gas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Explanatory_notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Explanatory_notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Explanatory notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Explanatory_notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " 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Available in 64 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-64" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">64 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standaardtemperatuur_en_-druk" title="Standaardtemperatuur en -druk – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Standaardtemperatuur en -druk" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B8%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81_%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B6%D8%BA%D8%B7_%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9" title="ظروف قياسية من الضغط ودرجة الحرارة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ظروف قياسية من الضغط ودرجة الحرارة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condiciones_normales_de_presi%C3%B3n_y_temperatura" title="Condiciones normales de presión y temperatura – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Condiciones normales de presión y temperatura" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B6_%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%93_%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA" title="আদর্শ তাপমাত্রা ও চাপ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আদর্শ তাপমাত্রা ও চাপ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piau-ch%C3%BAn_ch%C5%8Dng-h%C3%B3ng" title="Piau-chún chōng-hóng – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Piau-chún chōng-hóng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D1%9E%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B" title="Нармальныя ўмовы – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Нармальныя ўмовы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D1%9E%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B" title="Нармальныя ўмовы – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Нармальныя ўмовы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Стандартни температура и налягане – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Стандартни температура и налягане" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condicions_est%C3%A0ndard_de_pressi%C3%B3_i_temperatura" title="Condicions estàndard de pressió i temperatura – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Condicions estàndard de pressió i temperatura" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standardn%C3%AD_teplota_a_tlak" title="Standardní teplota a tlak – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Standardní teplota a tlak" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tymheredd_a_Gwasgedd_Safonol" title="Tymheredd a Gwasgedd Safonol – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Tymheredd a Gwasgedd Safonol" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standardbetingelser" title="Standardbetingelser – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Standardbetingelser" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standardbedingungen" title="Standardbedingungen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Standardbedingungen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normaaltingimused" title="Normaaltingimused – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Normaaltingimused" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AD%CF%82_%CF%83%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B8%CE%AE%CE%BA%CE%B5%CF%82" title="Κανονικές συνθήκες – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κανονικές συνθήκες" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condiciones_normalizadas_de_presi%C3%B3n_y_temperatura" title="Condiciones normalizadas de presión y temperatura – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Condiciones normalizadas de presión y temperatura" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normaj_kondi%C4%89oj_pri_temperaturo_kaj_premo" title="Normaj kondiĉoj pri temperaturo kaj premo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Normaj kondiĉoj pri temperaturo kaj premo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baldintza_estandar" title="Baldintza estandar – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Baldintza estandar" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B7_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A7_%D9%88_%D9%81%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="شرایط استاندارد دما و فشار – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شرایط استاندارد دما و فشار" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conditions_normales_de_temp%C3%A9rature_et_de_pression" title="Conditions normales de température et de pression – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Conditions normales de température et de pression" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condici%C3%B3ns_normais" title="Condicións normais – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Condicións normais" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EC%98%A8%EB%8F%84_%EC%95%95%EB%A0%A5" title="표준 온도 압력 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="표준 온도 압력" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%82_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC" title="मानक ताप एवं दाब – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मानक ताप एवं दाब" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standardni_tlak_i_temperatura" title="Standardni tlak i temperatura – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Standardni tlak i temperatura" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatur_dan_tekanan_standar" title="Temperatur dan tekanan standar – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Temperatur dan tekanan standar" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conditiones_normal_de_temperatura_e_pression" title="Conditiones normal de temperatura e pression – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Conditiones normal de temperatura e pression" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sta%C3%B0ala%C3%B0st%C3%A6%C3%B0ur" title="Staðalaðstæður – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Staðalaðstæður" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condizioni_standard" title="Condizioni standard – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Condizioni standard" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%98%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%94_%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%A5" title="תנאים סטנדרטיים של טמפרטורה ולחץ – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תנאים סטנדרטיים של טמפרטורה ולחץ" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%93%E1%83%90_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ნორმალური და სტანდარტული პირობები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნორმალური და სტანდარტული პირობები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BF%D1%82%D1%8B_%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Қалыпты шарттар – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Қалыпты шарттар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%82%D1%83%D1%83_%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Стандарттуу шарттар – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Стандарттуу шарттар" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Status_normalis" title="Status normalis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Status normalis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norm%C4%81li_apst%C4%81k%C4%BCi" title="Normāli apstākļi – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Normāli apstākļi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szabv%C3%A1nyos_nyom%C3%A1s_%C3%A9s_h%C5%91m%C3%A9rs%C3%A9klet" title="Szabványos nyomás és hőmérséklet – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szabványos nyomás és hőmérséklet" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Стандардни услови – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Стандардни услови" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suhu_dan_tekanan_piawai" title="Suhu dan tekanan piawai – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Suhu dan tekanan piawai" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80_%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82" title="Стандарт температур ба даралт – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Стандарт температур ба даралт" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standaardomstandigheden" title="Standaardomstandigheden – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Standaardomstandigheden" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E7%8A%B6%E6%85%8B" title="標準状態 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="標準状態" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_trykk_og_temperatur" title="Standard trykk og temperatur – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Standard trykk og temperatur" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_temperatur_og_trykk" title="Standard temperatur og trykk – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Standard temperatur og trykk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condicions_normalas_de_temperatura_e_de_pression" title="Condicions normalas de temperatura e de pression – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Condicions normalas de temperatura e de pression" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standardbedingen" title="Standardbedingen – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Standardbedingen" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warunki_standardowe" title="Warunki standardowe – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Warunki standardowe" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condi%C3%A7%C3%B5es_padr%C3%A3o_de_temperatura_e_press%C3%A3o" title="Condições padrão de temperatura e pressão – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Condições padrão de temperatura e pressão" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condi%C8%9Bii_standard_de_temperatur%C4%83_%C8%99i_presiune" title="Condiții standard de temperatură și presiune – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Condiții standard de temperatură și presiune" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Стандартные условия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Стандартные условия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_temperature_and_pressure" title="Standard temperature and pressure – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Standard temperature and pressure" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norm%C3%A1lne_podmienky" title="Normálne podmienky – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Normálne podmienky" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standardni_pogoji" title="Standardni pogoji – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Standardni pogoji" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83_%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Стандардни услови за температуру и притисак – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Стандардни услови за температуру и притисак" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standardni_tlak_i_temperatura" title="Standardni tlak i temperatura – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Standardni tlak i temperatura" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTP" title="NTP – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="NTP" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standardtryck_och_standardtemperatur" title="Standardtryck och standardtemperatur – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Standardtryck och standardtemperatur" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a 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class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Reference values for temperature and pressure</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Standard_sea-level_conditions" title="Standard sea-level conditions">Standard sea-level conditions</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the conditions used in thermodynamic evaluations, see <a href="/wiki/Standard_state" title="Standard state">Standard state</a>.</div> <p><b>Standard temperature and pressure</b> (<b>STP</b>) or <b>standard conditions for temperature and pressure</b> are various <a href="/wiki/Technical_standard" title="Technical standard">standard</a> sets of conditions for experimental measurements used to allow comparisons to be made between different sets of data. The most used standards are those of the <a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Pure_and_Applied_Chemistry" title="International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry">International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry</a> (IUPAC) and the <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology" title="National Institute of Standards and Technology">National Institute of Standards and Technology</a> (NIST), although these are not universally accepted. Other organizations have established a variety of other definitions. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Industry_(manufacturing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Industry (manufacturing)">industry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Commerce" title="Commerce">commerce</a>, the standard conditions for temperature and pressure are often necessary for expressing the volumes of gases and liquids and related quantities such as the rate of <a href="/wiki/Volumetric_flow" class="mw-redirect" title="Volumetric flow">volumetric flow</a> (the volumes of gases vary significantly with temperature and pressure): <a href="/wiki/Standard_cubic_meters_per_second" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard cubic meters per second">standard cubic meters per second</a> (Sm<sup>3</sup>/s), and normal cubic meters per second (Nm<sup>3</sup>/s). </p><p>Many technical publications (books, journals, advertisements for equipment and machinery) simply state "standard conditions" without specifying them; often substituting the term with older "normal conditions", or "NC". In special cases this can lead to confusion and errors. Good practice always incorporates the reference conditions of temperature and pressure. If not stated, some room environment conditions are supposed, close to 1 atm pressure, 273 K (0 °C), and 0% humidity. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definitions">Definitions</h2></div> <p>In chemistry, IUPAC changed its definition of standard temperature and pressure in 1982:<sup id="cite_ref-IUPAC_print_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IUPAC_print-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IUPAC_web_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IUPAC_web-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Until 1982, STP was defined as a <a href="/wiki/Temperature" title="Temperature">temperature</a> of 273.15 <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a> (0 °C, 32 °F) and an <a href="/wiki/Absolute_pressure" class="mw-redirect" title="Absolute pressure">absolute pressure</a> of exactly 1 <a href="/wiki/Standard_atmosphere_(unit)" title="Standard atmosphere (unit)">atm</a> (101.325 <a href="/wiki/Pascal_(unit)" title="Pascal (unit)">kPa</a>).</li> <li>Since 1982, STP has been defined as a <a href="/wiki/Temperature" title="Temperature">temperature</a> of 273.15 <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a> (0 °C, 32 °F) and an <a href="/wiki/Absolute_pressure" class="mw-redirect" title="Absolute pressure">absolute pressure</a> of exactly 10<sup>5</sup> <a href="/wiki/Pascal_(unit)" title="Pascal (unit)">Pa</a> (100 kPa, 1 <a href="/wiki/Bar_(unit)" title="Bar (unit)">bar</a>).</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology" title="National Institute of Standards and Technology">NIST</a> uses a temperature of 20 °C (293.15 K, 68 °F) and an absolute pressure of 1 atm (14.696 psi, 101.325 kPa).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This standard is also called <b>normal temperature and pressure</b> (abbreviated as <b>NTP</b>). However, a common temperature and pressure in use by NIST for thermodynamic experiments is 298.15 <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a> (25°<a href="/wiki/Celsius" title="Celsius">C</a>, 77°<a href="/wiki/Fahrenheit" title="Fahrenheit">F</a>) and 1 <a href="/wiki/Bar_(unit)" title="Bar (unit)">bar</a> (14.5038 <a href="/wiki/Pounds_per_square_inch" class="mw-redirect" title="Pounds per square inch">psi</a>, 100 <a href="/wiki/Pascal_(unit)" title="Pascal (unit)">kPa</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> NIST also uses 15 °C (59 °F) for the temperature compensation of refined petroleum products, despite noting that these two values are not exactly consistent with each other.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <b>ISO 13443</b> standard reference conditions for natural gas and similar fluids are 288.15 K (15.00 °C; 59.00 °F) and 101.325 kPa;<sup id="cite_ref-ISO13443_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ISO13443-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by contrast, the <a href="/wiki/American_Petroleum_Institute" title="American Petroleum Institute">American Petroleum Institute</a> adopts 60 °F (15.56 °C; 288.71 K).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Past_uses">Past uses</h3></div> <p>Before 1918, many professionals and scientists using the metric system of units defined the standard reference conditions of temperature and pressure for expressing gas volumes as being 15 °C (288.15 K; 59.00 °F) and 101.325 <a href="/wiki/Pascal_(unit)" title="Pascal (unit)">kPa</a> (1.00 <a href="/wiki/Atmosphere_(unit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Atmosphere (unit)">atm</a>; 760 <a href="/wiki/Torr" title="Torr">Torr</a>). During those same years, the most commonly used standard reference conditions for people using the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_units" title="Imperial units">imperial</a> or <a href="/wiki/United_States_customary_units" title="United States customary units">U.S. customary</a> systems was 60 °F (15.56 °C; 288.71 K) and 14.696 <a href="/wiki/Pound-force_per_square_inch" class="mw-redirect" title="Pound-force per square inch">psi</a> (1 atm) because it was almost universally used by the oil and gas industries worldwide. The above definitions are no longer the most commonly used in either system of units.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Current_use">Current use</h3></div> <p>Many different definitions of standard reference conditions are currently being used by organizations all over the world. The table below lists a few of them, but there are more. Some of these organizations used other standards in the past. For example, IUPAC has, since 1982, defined standard reference conditions as being 0 °C and 100 kPa (1 bar), in contrast to its old standard of 0 °C and 101.325 kPa (1 atm).<sup id="cite_ref-IUPAC_web_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IUPAC_web-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new value is the mean atmospheric pressure at an altitude of about 112 metres, which is closer to the worldwide median altitude of human habitation (194 m).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Natural gas companies in Europe, Australia, and South America have adopted 15 °C (59 °F) and 101.325 kPa (14.696 psi) as their standard gas volume reference conditions, used as the base values for defining the <a href="/wiki/Standard_cubic_meter" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard cubic meter">standard cubic meter</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also, the <a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">International Organization for Standardization</a> (ISO), the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="United States Environmental Protection Agency">United States Environmental Protection Agency</a> (EPA) and <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology" title="National Institute of Standards and Technology">National Institute of Standards and Technology</a> (NIST) each have more than one definition of standard reference conditions in their various standards and regulations. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="white-space:nowrap"> <caption>Standard reference conditions in current use </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Temperature" title="Temperature">Temperature</a> </th> <th colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Pressure" title="Pressure">Pressure</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">Humidity</a> </th> <th rowspan="3" class="unsortable">Publishing or establishing entity </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%C2%B0C" class="mw-redirect" title="°C">°C</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%C2%B0F" class="mw-redirect" title="°F">°F</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/KPa" class="mw-redirect" title="KPa">kPa</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/MmHg" class="mw-redirect" title="MmHg">mmHg</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Pounds_per_square_inch" class="mw-redirect" title="Pounds per square inch">psi</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/InHg" class="mw-redirect" title="InHg">inHg</a> </th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr> <th></th> <th></th> <th></th> <th></th> <th></th> <th></th> <th>  </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7002273149999999999">0 </td> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7002273149999999999">32</td> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7005100000000000000">100.000 </td> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7005100000000000000">750.06 </td> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7005100000000000000">14.5038 </td> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7005100000000000000">29.530 </td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/IUPAC" class="mw-redirect" title="IUPAC">IUPAC</a> (STP) since 1982<sup id="cite_ref-IUPAC_print_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IUPAC_print-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7002273149999999999">0 </td> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7002273149999999999">32</td> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7005101325000000000">101.325 </td> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7005101325000000000">760.00 </td> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7005101325000000000">14.6959 </td> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7005101325000000000">29.921 </td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology" title="National Institute of Standards and Technology">NIST</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-NISTDataBase7_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NISTDataBase7-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ISO 10780,<sup id="cite_ref-ISO10780_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ISO10780-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> formerly <a href="/wiki/IUPAC" class="mw-redirect" title="IUPAC">IUPAC</a> (STP) until 1982<sup id="cite_ref-IUPAC_print_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IUPAC_print-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7002288150000000000">15 </td> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7002288150000000000">59</td> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7005101325000000000">101.325 </td> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7005101325000000000">760.00 </td> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7005101325000000000">14.6959 </td> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7005101325000000000">29.921 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">0</td> <td><a href="/wiki/ICAO" class="mw-redirect" title="ICAO">ICAO</a>'s <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Atmosphere" title="International Standard Atmosphere">ISA</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Handbook_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Handbook-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ISO 13443,<sup id="cite_ref-ISO13443_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ISO13443-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/European_Environment_Agency" title="European Environment Agency">EEA</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-EEA_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EEA-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> EGIA (SI Definition)<sup id="cite_ref-EGIA_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EGIA-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Density <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thermexcel.com/french/tables/massair.htm">1.225 kg/m³</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7002293150000000000">20 </td> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7002293150000000000">68</td> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7005101325000000000">101.325 </td> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7005101325000000000">760.00 </td> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7005101325000000000">14.6959 </td> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7005101325000000000">29.921 </td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="United States Environmental Protection Agency">EPA</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-NSPS_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NSPS-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/NIST" class="mw-redirect" title="NIST">NIST</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NISTJournal_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NISTJournal-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7002295150000000000">22 </td> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7002295150000000000">71.6</td> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7005101325000000000">101.325 </td> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7005101325000000000">760.00 </td> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7005101325000000000">14.6959 </td> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7005101325000000000">29.921 </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7001200000000000000♠"></span>20–80</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/American_Association_of_Physicists_in_Medicine" title="American Association of Physicists in Medicine">American Association of Physicists in Medicine</a><sup id="cite_ref-MedPHys_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MedPHys-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7002298150000000000">25 </td> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7002298150000000000">77</td> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7005101325000000000">101.325 </td> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7005101325000000000">760.00 </td> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7005101325000000000">14.6959 </td> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7005101325000000000">29.921 </td> <td></td> <td>SATP,<sup id="cite_ref-CRC_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRC-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> EPA<sup id="cite_ref-NAAQS_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NAAQS-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7002293150000000000">20 </td> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7002293150000000000">68</td> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7005100000000000000">100.000 </td> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7005100000000000000">750.06 </td> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7005100000000000000">14.5038 </td> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7005100000000000000">29.530 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">0</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Compressed_Air_and_Gas_Institute" title="Compressed Air and Gas Institute">CAGI</a><sup id="cite_ref-CAGI_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CAGI-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7002288150000000000">15 </td> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7002288150000000000">59</td> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7005100000000000000">100.000 </td> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7005100000000000000">750.06 </td> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7005100000000000000">14.5038 </td> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7005100000000000000">29.530 </td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Petroleum_Engineers" title="Society of Petroleum Engineers">SPE</a><sup id="cite_ref-SPE_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SPE-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7002293150000000000">20 </td> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7002293150000000000">68</td> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7005101300000000000">101.3 </td> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7005101300000000000">760 </td> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7005101300000000000">14.69 </td> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7005101300000000000">29.9 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">50</td> <td>ISO 5011<sup id="cite_ref-ISO5011_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ISO5011-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7002293150000000000">20 </td> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7002293150000000000">68</td> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7005101325014435400">101.33 </td> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7005101325014435400">760.0</td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span data-sort-value="7005101325014435400♠"></span>14.696</td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span data-sort-value="7005101325014435400♠"></span>29.92 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">0</td> <td><a href="/wiki/GOST" title="GOST">GOST</a> 2939-63 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7002288705555555555">15.56 </td> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7002288705555555555">60</td> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7005101325353180402">101.33 </td> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7005101325353180402">760.0 </td> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7005101325353180402">14.696</td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span data-sort-value="7005101325353180402♠"></span>29.92 </td> <td></td> <td>SPE,<sup id="cite_ref-SPE_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SPE-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> U.S. <a href="/wiki/Occupational_Safety_and_Health_Administration" title="Occupational Safety and Health Administration">OSHA</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-OSHA_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OSHA-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/SCAQMD" class="mw-redirect" title="SCAQMD">SCAQMD</a><sup id="cite_ref-SCAQMD_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SCAQMD-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7002288705555555555">15.56 </td> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7002288705555555555">60</td> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7005101559774928369">101.6 </td> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7005101559774928369">762 </td> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7005101559774928369">14.73</td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span data-sort-value="7005101559774928369♠"></span>30.0 </td> <td></td> <td>EGIA (Imperial System Definition)<sup id="cite_ref-EGIA_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EGIA-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7002288705555555555">15.56 </td> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7002288705555555555">60</td> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7005101352932209574">101.35 </td> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7005101352932209574">760.21 </td> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7005101352932209574">14.7</td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span data-sort-value="7005101352932209574♠"></span>29.93 </td> <td></td> <td>U.S. DOT (SCF)<sup id="cite_ref-USDOT_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USDOT-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7002288150000000000">15 </td> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7002288150000000000">59</td> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7004999946650228207">99.99 </td> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7004999946650228207">750.0 </td> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7004999946650228207">14.503</td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span data-sort-value="7004999946650228207♠"></span>29.53 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">78</td> <td>U.S. Army Standard Metro<sup id="cite_ref-ArmyStdMetro_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ArmyStdMetro-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7002288150000000000">15 </td> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7002288150000000000">59</td> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7005101325353180402">101.33 </td> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7005101325353180402">760.0 </td> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7005101325353180402">14.696</td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span data-sort-value="7005101325353180402♠"></span>29.92 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">60</td> <td>ISO 2314,<sup id="cite_ref-ISO2314_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ISO2314-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ISO 3977-2,<sup id="cite_ref-ISO3977-2_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ISO3977-2-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ASHRAE Fundamentals Handbook<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7002294261111111111">21.11 </td> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7002294261111111111">70</td> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7005101320748119002">101.3 </td> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7005101320748119002">760 </td> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7005101320748119002">14.70 </td> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7005101320748119002">29.92 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">0</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Air_Movement_and_Control_Association" title="Air Movement and Control Association">AMCA</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-AMCA_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AMCA-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> air density = 0.075 lbm/ft<sup>3</sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7002288150000000000">15 </td> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7002288150000000000">59</td> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7005101320748119002">101.3 </td> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7005101320748119002">760 </td> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7005101320748119002">14.70 </td> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7005101320748119002">29.92 </td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Federal_Aviation_Administration" title="Federal Aviation Administration">FAA</a><sup id="cite_ref-FAA_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAA-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7002293150000000000">20 </td> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7002293150000000000">68</td> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7005101325000000000">101.325 </td> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7005101325000000000">760.00 </td> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7005101325000000000">14.6959 </td> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7005101325000000000">29.921 </td> <td> </td> <td>EN 14511-1:2013<sup id="cite_ref-EN14511-1:2013_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EN14511-1:2013-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7002288150000000000">15 </td> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7002288150000000000">59</td> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7005101325000000000">101.325 </td> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7005101325000000000">760.00 </td> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7005101325000000000">14.6959 </td> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7005101325000000000">29.921 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">0</td> <td>ISO 2533:1975<sup id="cite_ref-ISO2533:1975_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ISO2533:1975-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ISO 13443:2005,<sup id="cite_ref-ISO13443:1996_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ISO13443:1996-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ISO 7504:2015<sup id="cite_ref-ISO7504:2015_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ISO7504:2015-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7002273149999999999">0 </td> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7002273149999999999">32</td> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7005101325000000000">101.325 </td> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7005101325000000000">760.00 </td> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7005101325000000000">14.6959 </td> <td style="text-align:center;" data-sort-value="7005101325000000000">29.921 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">0</td> <td>DIN 1343:1990<sup id="cite_ref-DIN1343:1990_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DIN1343:1990-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Abbreviations: </p> <ul><li>EGIA: Electricity and Gas Inspection Act (of Canada)</li> <li>SATP: Standard Ambient Temperature and Pressure</li> <li>SCF: Standard Cubic Foot</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_Standard_Atmosphere">International Standard Atmosphere</h2></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Aeronautics" title="Aeronautics">aeronautics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fluid_dynamics" title="Fluid dynamics">fluid dynamics</a> the "<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Atmosphere" title="International Standard Atmosphere">International Standard Atmosphere</a>" (ISA) is a specification of pressure, temperature, density, and speed of sound at each altitude. At <a href="/wiki/Standard_mean_sea_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard mean sea level">standard mean sea level</a> it specifies a temperature of 15 °C (59 °F), pressure of 101,325 pascals (14.6959 psi) (1 <a href="/wiki/Atmosphere_(unit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Atmosphere (unit)">atm</a>), and a density of 1.2250 kilograms per cubic meter (0.07647 lb/cu ft). It also specifies a temperature <a href="/wiki/Lapse_rate" title="Lapse rate">lapse rate</a> of −6.5 °C (-11.7 °F) per km (approximately −2 °C (-3.6 °F) per 1,000 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-aeromech.usyd.edu.au_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aeromech.usyd.edu.au-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Batchelor_1967_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Batchelor_1967-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The International Standard Atmosphere is representative of atmospheric conditions at mid latitudes. In the US this information is specified the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Standard_Atmosphere" title="U.S. Standard Atmosphere">U.S. Standard Atmosphere</a> which is identical to the "International Standard Atmosphere" at all altitudes up to 65,000 feet above sea level.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Standard_laboratory_conditions">Standard laboratory conditions</h2></div> <p>Because many definitions of standard temperature and pressure differ in temperature significantly from standard laboratory temperatures (e.g. 0 °C vs. ~28 °C), reference is often made to "standard laboratory conditions" (a term deliberately chosen to be different from the term "standard conditions for temperature and pressure", despite its semantic near identity when interpreted literally). However, what is a "standard" <a href="/wiki/Laboratory" title="Laboratory">laboratory</a> temperature and pressure is inevitably geography-bound, given that different parts of the world differ in climate, altitude and the degree of use of heat/cooling in the workplace. For example, schools in <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> use 25 °C at 100 kPa for standard laboratory conditions.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/ASTM_International" title="ASTM International">ASTM International</a> has published <a href="/wiki/Technical_standard" title="Technical standard">Standard</a> ASTM E41- Terminology Relating to Conditioning and hundreds of special conditions for particular materials and <a href="/wiki/Test_method" title="Test method">test methods</a>. Other <a href="/wiki/Standards_organization" title="Standards organization">standards organizations</a> also have specialized standard test conditions.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Molar_volume_of_a_gas">Molar volume of a gas</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Standard_cubic_feet" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard cubic feet">Standard cubic feet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oil_barrel" class="mw-redirect" title="Oil barrel">Oil barrel</a></div> <p>It is as important to indicate the applicable reference conditions of temperature and pressure when stating the <a href="/wiki/Molar_volume" title="Molar volume">molar volume</a> of a gas<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as it is when expressing a gas volume or volumetric flow rate. Stating the molar volume of a gas without indicating the reference conditions of temperature and pressure has very little meaning and can cause confusion. </p><p>The molar volume of gases around STP and at atmospheric pressure can be calculated with an accuracy that is usually sufficient by using the <a href="/wiki/Ideal_gas_law" title="Ideal gas law">ideal gas law</a>. The molar volume of any ideal gas may be calculated at various standard reference conditions as shown below: </p> <ul><li><i>V</i><sub>m</sub> = 8.3145 × 273.15 / 101.325 = 22.414 <a href="/wiki/Decimetre" title="Decimetre">dm</a><sup>3</sup>/mol at 0 °C and 101.325 kPa</li> <li><i>V</i><sub>m</sub> = 8.3145 × 273.15 / 100.000 = 22.711 dm<sup>3</sup>/mol at 0 °C and 100 kPa</li> <li><i>V</i><sub>m</sub> = 8.3145 × 288.15 / 101.325 = 23.645 dm<sup>3</sup>/mol at 15 °C and 101.325 kPa</li> <li><i>V</i><sub>m</sub> = 8.3145 × 298.15 / 101.325 = 24.466 dm<sup>3</sup>/mol at 25 °C and 101.325 kPa</li> <li><i>V</i><sub>m</sub> = 8.3145 × 298.15 / 100.000 = 24.790 dm<sup>3</sup>/mol at 25 °C and 100 kPa</li> <li><i>V</i><sub>m</sub> = 10.7316 × 519.67 / 14.696 = 379.48 ft<sup>3</sup>/lbmol at 60 °F and 14.696 psi (or about 0.8366 ft<sup>3</sup>/gram mole)</li> <li><i>V</i><sub>m</sub> = 10.7316 × 519.67 / 14.730 = 378.61 ft<sup>3</sup>/lbmol at 60 °F and 14.73 psi</li></ul> <p>Technical literature can be confusing because many authors fail to explain whether they are using the <a href="/wiki/Ideal_gas_constant" class="mw-redirect" title="Ideal gas constant">ideal gas constant</a> <i>R</i>, or the specific gas constant <i>R</i><sub>s</sub>. The relationship between the two constants is <i>R</i><sub>s</sub> = <i>R</i> / <i>m</i>, where <i>m</i> is the <a href="/wiki/Molecular_mass" title="Molecular mass">molecular mass</a> of the gas. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/U.S._Standard_Atmosphere" title="U.S. Standard Atmosphere">US Standard Atmosphere</a> (USSA) uses 8.31432 m<sup>3</sup>·Pa/(mol·K) as the value of <i>R</i>. However, the USSA in 1976 does recognize that this value is not consistent with the values of the <a href="/wiki/Avogadro_constant" title="Avogadro constant">Avogadro constant</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Boltzmann_constant" title="Boltzmann constant">Boltzmann constant</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-USSA1976_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USSA1976-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_chamber" title="Environmental chamber">Environmental chamber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_1" title="ISO 1">ISO 1</a> – standard reference temperature for geometric product specifications</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reference_atmospheric_model" title="Reference atmospheric model">Reference atmospheric model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Room_temperature" title="Room temperature">Room temperature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_sea-level_conditions" title="Standard sea-level conditions">Standard sea-level conditions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_state" title="Standard state">Standard state</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Explanatory_notes">Explanatory notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The pressure is specified as 750 <a href="/wiki/MmHg" class="mw-redirect" title="MmHg">mmHg</a>. However, the <a href="/wiki/MmHg" class="mw-redirect" title="MmHg">mmHg</a> is temperature-dependent, since mercury expands as temperature goes up. Here the values for the 0–20 °C range are given.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The standard is given as 29.92 <a href="/wiki/InHg" class="mw-redirect" title="InHg">inHg</a> at an unspecified temperature. This most likely corresponds to a standard pressure of 101.325 kPa, converted into ~29.921 inHg at 32 °F (0 °C).</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-IUPAC_print-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IUPAC_print_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IUPAC_print_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IUPAC_print_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFA._D._McNaught_and_A._Wilkinson1997" class="citation book cs1">A. D. McNaught and A. Wilkinson (1997). Nič, Miloslav; Jirát, Jiří; Košata, Bedřich; Jenkins, Aubrey; McNaught, Alan (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dev.goldbook.iupac.org/files/pdf/green_book_2ed.pdf#page=62"><i>IUPAC. Compendium of Chemical Terminology</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (2nd ed.). Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications. p. 54. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1351%2Fgoldbook">10.1351/goldbook</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-632-03583-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-632-03583-8"><bdi>0-632-03583-8</bdi></a>. <q>Standard conditions for gases: ... and pressure of 10<sup>5</sup> pascals. The previous standard <a href="/wiki/Absolute_pressure" class="mw-redirect" title="Absolute pressure">absolute pressure</a> of 1 atm (equivalent to 101.325 kPa) was changed to 100 <a href="/wiki/Pascal_(unit)" title="Pascal (unit)">kPa</a> in 1982. IUPAC recommends that the former pressure should be discontinued.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=IUPAC.+Compendium+of+Chemical+Terminology&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=54&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Blackwell+Scientific+Publications&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1351%2Fgoldbook&rft.isbn=0-632-03583-8&rft.au=A.+D.+McNaught+and+A.+Wilkinson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdev.goldbook.iupac.org%2Ffiles%2Fpdf%2Fgreen_book_2ed.pdf%23page%3D62&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStandard+temperature+and+pressure" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IUPAC_web-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IUPAC_web_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IUPAC_web_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFA._D._McNaught_and_A._Wilkinson1997" class="citation book cs1">A. D. McNaught and A. Wilkinson (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/S05921">"standard pressure"</a>. <i>IUPAC. Compendium of Chemical Terminology</i> (2nd ed.). Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1351%2Fgoldbook.S05921">10.1351/goldbook.S05921</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9678550-9-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9678550-9-7"><bdi>978-0-9678550-9-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=standard+pressure&rft.btitle=IUPAC.+Compendium+of+Chemical+Terminology&rft.place=Oxford&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Blackwell+Scientific+Publications&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1351%2Fgoldbook.S05921&rft.isbn=978-0-9678550-9-7&rft.au=A.+D.+McNaught+and+A.+Wilkinson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgoldbook.iupac.org%2Fterms%2Fview%2FS05921&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStandard+temperature+and+pressure" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDoiron2007" class="citation journal cs1">Doiron, Theodore D. (January 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nist.gov/publications/20-degrees-celsius-short-history-standard-reference-temperature-industrial-dimensional">"20 Degrees Celsius--A Short History of the Standard Reference Temperature for Industrial Dimensional Measurements"</a>. <i>NIST</i>. <b>112</b> (1): 1–23. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.6028%2Fjres.112.001">10.6028/jres.112.001</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4654601">4654601</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27110451">27110451</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NIST&rft.atitle=20+Degrees+Celsius--A+Short+History+of+the+Standard+Reference+Temperature+for+Industrial+Dimensional+Measurements&rft.volume=112&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1-23&rft.date=2007-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4654601%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F27110451&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.6028%2Fjres.112.001&rft.aulast=Doiron&rft.aufirst=Theodore+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nist.gov%2Fpublications%2F20-degrees-celsius-short-history-standard-reference-temperature-industrial-dimensional&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStandard+temperature+and+pressure" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHelrich2008" class="citation book cs1">Helrich, Carl S. (2008-11-14). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oU5DICYlDEAC&q=Modern+Thermodynamics+with+Statistical+Mechanics&pg=PA1"><i>Modern Thermodynamics with Statistical Mechanics</i></a>. Springer Science & Business Media. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-540-85418-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-540-85418-0"><bdi>978-3-540-85418-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modern+Thermodynamics+with+Statistical+Mechanics&rft.pub=Springer+Science+%26+Business+Media&rft.date=2008-11-14&rft.isbn=978-3-540-85418-0&rft.aulast=Helrich&rft.aufirst=Carl+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoU5DICYlDEAC%26q%3DModern%2BThermodynamics%2Bwith%2BStatistical%2BMechanics%26pg%3DPA1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStandard+temperature+and+pressure" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry/guide/index.html.en-us.en">"A Guide to the NIST Chemistry WebBook"</a>. <i>webbook.nist.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Small, Christopher (November 24, 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC24316">"Hypsographic demography: The distribution of human population by altitude"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</i>. <b>95</b> (24): 14009–14014. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1998PNAS...9514009C">1998PNAS...9514009C</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.95.24.14009">10.1073/pnas.95.24.14009</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC24316">24316</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9826643">9826643</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Hypsographic+demography%3A+The+distribution+of+human+population+by+altitude&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=24&rft.pages=14009-14014&rft.date=1998-11-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC24316%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F9826643&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.95.24.14009&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1998PNAS...9514009C&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=Joel+E.&rft.au=Small%2C+Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC24316&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStandard+temperature+and+pressure" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGassco" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gassco" title="Gassco">Gassco</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071018212002/http://www.gassco.no/sw3138.asp">"Concepts – Standard cubic meter (scm)"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gassco.no/sw3138.asp">the original</a> on October 18, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-07-25</span></span>. <q>Scm: The usual abbreviation for standard cubic metre – a cubic metre of gas under a standard condition, defined as an atmospheric pressure of 1.01325 <a href="/wiki/Bar_(unit)" title="Bar (unit)">bar</a> and a temperature of 15°C. This unit provides a measure for gas volume.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Concepts+%E2%80%93+Standard+cubic+meter+%28scm%29&rft.au=Gassco&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gassco.no%2Fsw3138.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStandard+temperature+and+pressure" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNord_Stream2007" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Nord_Stream" title="Nord Stream">Nord Stream</a> (October 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080216043432/http://www.nord-stream.com/uploads/media/Nord_Stream_Route_Status_ENGLISH.pdf">"Status of the Nord Stream pipeline route in the Baltic Sea"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nord-stream.com/uploads/media/Nord_Stream_Route_Status_ENGLISH.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2008-02-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-07-25</span></span>. <q>bcm: Billion Cubic Meter (standard cubic metre – a cubic metre of gas under a standard condition, defined as an atmospheric pressure of 1 atm and a temperature of 15 °C.)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Status+of+the+Nord+Stream+pipeline+route+in+the+Baltic+Sea&rft.date=2007-10&rft.au=Nord+Stream&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nord-stream.com%2Fuploads%2Fmedia%2FNord_Stream_Route_Status_ENGLISH.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStandard+temperature+and+pressure" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMetrogas2004" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metrogas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metrogas (page does not exist)">Metrogas</a> (June 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.secinfo.com/dsD7y.1a.7.htm">"Natural gas purchase and sale agreement"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-07-25</span></span>. <q>Natural gas at standard condition shall mean the quantity of natural gas, which at a temperature of fifteen (15) Celsius degrees and a pressure of 101.325 kilopascals occupies the volume of one (1) cubic meter.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Natural+gas+purchase+and+sale+agreement&rft.date=2004-06&rft.au=Metrogas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.secinfo.com%2FdsD7y.1a.7.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStandard+temperature+and+pressure" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NISTDataBase7-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NISTDataBase7_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNIST1989" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology" title="National Institute of Standards and Technology">NIST</a> (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101006154629/https://www.nist.gov/pml/data/star/index.cfm">"NIST Standard Reference Database 124 – Stopping-Power and Range Tables for Electrons, Protons, and Helium Ions"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nist.gov/pml/data/star/index.cfm">the original</a> on October 6, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-07-25</span></span>. <q>If you want the program to treat the material as an ideal gas, the density will be assumed given by <i>M</i>/<i>V</i>, where <i>M</i> is the gram molecular weight of the gas and <i>V</i> is the mol volume of 22414 cm<sup>3</sup> at standard conditions (0 deg C and 1 atm).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NIST+Standard+Reference+Database+124+%E2%80%93+Stopping-Power+and+Range+Tables+for+Electrons%2C+Protons%2C+and+Helium+Ions&rft.date=1989&rft.au=NIST&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nist.gov%2Fpml%2Fdata%2Fstar%2Findex.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStandard+temperature+and+pressure" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ISO10780-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ISO10780_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFISO1994" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">ISO</a> (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=18855">"ISO 10780:1994 : Stationary source emissions – Measurement of velocity and volume flowrate of gas streams in ducts"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ISO+10780%3A1994+%3A+Stationary+source+emissions+%E2%80%93+Measurement+of+velocity+and+volume+flowrate+of+gas+streams+in+ducts&rft.date=1994&rft.au=ISO&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iso.org%2Fiso%2Fiso_catalogue%2Fcatalogue_tc%2Fcatalogue_detail.htm%3Fcsnumber%3D18855&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStandard+temperature+and+pressure" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Handbook-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Handbook_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobert_C._Weast1975" class="citation book cs1">Robert C. Weast, ed. (1975). <i>Handbook of Physics and Chemistry</i> (56th ed.). CRC Press. pp. F201–F206. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87819-455-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87819-455-1"><bdi>978-0-87819-455-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+Physics+and+Chemistry&rft.pages=F201-F206&rft.edition=56th&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=978-0-87819-455-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStandard+temperature+and+pressure" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EEA-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EEA_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/EMEPCORINAIR3/B521vs3.1.pdf/view"><i>Extraction, First Treatment and Loading of Liquid & Gaseous Fossil Fuels (Emission Inventory Guidebook B521, Activities 050201 – 050303)</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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September 1999.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Extraction%2C+First+Treatment+and+Loading+of+Liquid+%26+Gaseous+Fossil+Fuels+%28Emission+Inventory+Guidebook+B521%2C+Activities+050201+%E2%80%93+050303%29&rft.place=Copenhagen%2C+Denmark&rft.pub=European+Environmental+Agency&rft.date=1999-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eea.europa.eu%2Fpublications%2FEMEPCORINAIR3%2FB521vs3.1.pdf%2Fview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStandard+temperature+and+pressure" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EGIA-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EGIA_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EGIA_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Electricity and Gas Inspection Act", SOR/86-131 (defines a set of standard conditions for Imperial units and a different set for metric units)  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050103235031/http://laws.justice.gc.ca/en/E-4/SOR-86-131/95708.html">Canadian Laws</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NSPS-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NSPS_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Standards of Performance for New Sources", 40 CFR—Protection of the Environment, Chapter I, Part 60, Section 60.2, 1990.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NISTJournal-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NISTJournal_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWrightJohnsonMoldover2003" class="citation journal cs1">Wright, J. D.; Johnson, A. N.; Moldover, M. R. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040721040809/http://www.cstl.nist.gov/div836/836.01/PDFs/2003/j80wri.pdf">"Design and Uncertainty for a PVTt Gas Flow Standard"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology</i>. <b>108</b> (1): 21–47. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.6028%2Fjres.108.004">10.6028/jres.108.004</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4844527">4844527</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27413592">27413592</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cstl.nist.gov/div836/836.01/PDFs/2003/j80wri.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2004-07-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Research+of+the+National+Institute+of+Standards+and+Technology&rft.atitle=Design+and+Uncertainty+for+a+PVTt+Gas+Flow+Standard&rft.volume=108&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=21-47&rft.date=2003&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4844527%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F27413592&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.6028%2Fjres.108.004&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=J.+D.&rft.au=Johnson%2C+A.+N.&rft.au=Moldover%2C+M.+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cstl.nist.gov%2Fdiv836%2F836.01%2FPDFs%2F2003%2Fj80wri.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStandard+temperature+and+pressure" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(Also called NTP, Normal Temperature and Pressure.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151127035351/http://socratic.org/questions/what-is-the-difference-between-stp-and-ntp">"What is the difference between STP and NTP?"</a>. <i>Socratic</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://socratic.org/questions/what-is-the-difference-between-stp-and-ntp">the original</a> on 2015-11-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-08-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Socratic&rft.atitle=What+is+the+difference+between+STP+and+NTP%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsocratic.org%2Fquestions%2Fwhat-is-the-difference-between-stp-and-ntp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStandard+temperature+and+pressure" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MedPHys-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MedPHys_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlmondBiggsCourseyHanson1999" class="citation journal cs1">Almond, Peter R.; Biggs, Peter J.; Coursey, B. 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(1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1118%2F1.598691">"AAPM's TG-51 protocol for clinical reference dosimetry of high-energy photon and electron beams"</a>. <i>Medical Physics</i>. <b>26</b> (9): 1847–1870. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999MedPh..26.1847A">1999MedPh..26.1847A</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1118%2F1.598691">10.1118/1.598691</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10505874">10505874</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:12687636">12687636</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Medical+Physics&rft.atitle=AAPM%27s+TG-51+protocol+for+clinical+reference+dosimetry+of+high-energy+photon+and+electron+beams&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=1847-1870&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1118%2F1.598691&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A12687636%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F10505874&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1999MedPh..26.1847A&rft.aulast=Almond&rft.aufirst=Peter+R.&rft.au=Biggs%2C+Peter+J.&rft.au=Coursey%2C+B.+M.&rft.au=Hanson%2C+W.+F.&rft.au=Huq%2C+M.+Saiful&rft.au=Nath%2C+Ravinder&rft.au=Rogers%2C+D.+W.+O.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1118%252F1.598691&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStandard+temperature+and+pressure" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CRC-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CRC_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics", Definition of Ambient, Chapter 1-26, 95th Edition, William M. 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Standard Temperature (Page 24), and Notes for Table 2.3, (on PDF page 25 of 42 PDF pages), define two different sets of reference conditions, one for the standard cubic foot and one for the standard cubic meter.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+SI+Metric+System+of+Units+and+SPE+Metric+Standard+%281982%29&rft.pages=Standard+Temperature+%28Page+24%29%2C+and+Notes+for+Table+2.3%2C+%28on+PDF+page+25+of+42+PDF+pages%29%2C+define+two+different+sets+of+reference+conditions%2C+one+for+the+standard+cubic+foot+and+one+for+the+standard+cubic+meter&rft.pub=Society+of+Petroleum+Engineers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spe.org%2Fauthors%2Fdocs%2Fmetric_standard.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStandard+temperature+and+pressure" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ISO5011-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ISO5011_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iso.org/iso/en/prods-services/ISOstore/store.html"><i>Air Intake Filters (ISO 5011:2002)</i></a>. Geneva, Switzerland: International Organization for Standardization. 2002.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Air+Intake+Filters+%28ISO+5011%3A2002%29&rft.place=Geneva%2C+Switzerland&rft.pub=International+Organization+for+Standardization&rft.date=2002&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iso.org%2Fiso%2Fen%2Fprods-services%2FISOstore%2Fstore.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStandard+temperature+and+pressure" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OSHA-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OSHA_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Storage and Handling of Liquefied Petroleum Gases" and "Storage and Handling of Anhydrous Ammonia", 29 CFR—Labor, Chapter XVII—Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Part 1910, Sect. 1910.110 and 1910.111, 1993  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060719085519/http://ecfr.gpoaccess.gov/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=ecfr&sid=f169acd0f57a17565c9984fa0f57d285&rgn=div8&view=text&node=29%3A5.1.1.1.8.8.33.10&idno=29">Storage/Handling of LPG</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SCAQMD-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SCAQMD_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Rule 102, Definition of Terms (Standard Conditions)", Amended December 2004, South Coast Air Quality Management District, Los Angeles, California, US  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aqmd.gov/">SCAQMD Rule 102</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USDOT-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-USDOT_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=4cb9c4fbd569caade0b61e28dec528f2&mc=true&node=se49.2.171_18&rgn=div8">"49 C.F.R. § 171"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=49+C.F.R.+%C2%A7+171&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ecfr.gov%2Fcgi-bin%2Ftext-idx%3FSID%3D4cb9c4fbd569caade0b61e28dec528f2%26mc%3Dtrue%26node%3Dse49.2.171_18%26rgn%3Ddiv8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStandard+temperature+and+pressure" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ArmyStdMetro-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ArmyStdMetro_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSierra_Bullets" class="citation book cs1">Sierra Bullets. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060309023230/http://www.exteriorballistics.com/ebexplained/5th/31.cfm">"Chapter 3 – Effects of Altitude and Atmospheric Conditions (Exterior Ballistics Section)"</a>. <i>Rifle and Handgun Reloading Manual</i> (5 ed.). 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Geneva, Switzerland: International Organization for Standardization. 1997.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gas+turbines+%E2%80%93+Procurement+%E2%80%93+Part+2%3A+Standard+reference+conditions+and+ratings+%28ISO+3977-2%3A1997%29&rft.place=Geneva%2C+Switzerland&rft.pub=International+Organization+for+Standardization&rft.date=1997&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iso.org%2Fstandard%2F24755.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStandard+temperature+and+pressure" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ashrae.org/technical-resources/ashrae-handbook/ashrae-handbook-online">"ASHRAE Handbook Online"</a>. <i>www.ashrae.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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K., <i>An Introduction to Fluid Dynamics</i>, Cambridge Univ. Press, 1967.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeter_Gribbon2001" class="citation book cs1">Peter Gribbon (2001). <i>Excel HSC Chemistry Pocket Book Years 11–12</i>. Pascal Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-74020-303-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-74020-303-6"><bdi>978-1-74020-303-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Excel+HSC+Chemistry+Pocket+Book+Years+11%E2%80%9312&rft.pub=Pascal+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1-74020-303-6&rft.au=Peter+Gribbon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStandard+temperature+and+pressure" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Results?search_for=volume+molar">"Fundamental Physical Properties: Molar Volumes (CODATA values for ideal gases)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology" title="National Institute of Standards and Technology">NIST</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fundamental+Physical+Properties%3A+Molar+Volumes+%28CODATA+values+for+ideal+gases%29&rft.pub=NIST&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fphysics.nist.gov%2Fcgi-bin%2Fcuu%2FResults%3Fsearch_for%3Dvolume%2Bmolar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStandard+temperature+and+pressure" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USSA1976-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-USSA1976_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/stp/space-weather/online-publications/miscellaneous/us-standard-atmosphere-1976/us-standard-atmosphere_st76-1562_noaa.pdf"><i>U.S. Standard Atmosphere, 1976</i></a>, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1976.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://goldbook.iupac.org/S05910.html">"Standard conditions for gases"</a> from the <a href="/wiki/IUPAC" class="mw-redirect" title="IUPAC">IUPAC</a> <i>Gold Book</i>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://goldbook.iupac.org/S05921.html">"Standard pressure"</a> from the <a href="/wiki/IUPAC" class="mw-redirect" title="IUPAC">IUPAC</a> <i>Gold Book</i>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://goldbook.iupac.org/S06036.html">"STP"</a> from the <a href="/wiki/IUPAC" class="mw-redirect" title="IUPAC">IUPAC</a> <i>Gold Book</i>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://goldbook.iupac.org/S05925.html">"Standard state"</a> from the <a href="/wiki/IUPAC" class="mw-redirect" title="IUPAC">IUPAC</a> <i>Gold Book</i>.</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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